Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cambridge, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and L'Anse-Saint-Jean, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Cambridge, CY Ontario [Census subdivision]			L'Anse-Saint-Jean, MÉ Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Data quality , Cambridge, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : Cambridge, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : L'Anse-Saint-Jean, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	129,920	...	...	1,201	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	126,748	...	...	1,208	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.5	...	...	-0.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	49,388	...	...	910	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	48,239	...	...	563	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,149.6	...	...	2.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	113.01	...	...	506.14	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	129,920	63,870	66,050	1,205	625	575
0 to 14 years	23,825	12,180	11,645	150	80	70
0 to 4 years	7,410	3,850	3,555	55	35	20
5 to 9 years	8,155	4,145	4,010	40	20	25
10 to 14 years	8,260	4,175	4,080	50	25	25
15 to 64 years	87,205	43,280	43,925	725	365	355
15 to 19 years	8,265	4,175	4,085	30	15	20
20 to 24 years	8,155	4,240	3,915	45	25	15
25 to 29 years	8,115	3,995	4,115	30	10	20
30 to 34 years	8,570	4,260	4,310	55	25	30
35 to 39 years	8,480	4,080	4,395	65	30	35
40 to 44 years	9,240	4,505	4,730	55	25	30
45 to 49 years	9,440	4,685	4,755	60	30	30
50 to 54 years	10,390	5,185	5,210	90	45	45
55 to 59 years	9,040	4,485	4,560	155	75	80
60 to 64 years	7,520	3,670	3,850	145	80	65
65 years and over	18,895	8,410	10,480	325	180	145
65 to 69 years	6,320	3,015	3,310	120	65	55
70 to 74 years	4,440	2,040	2,390	85	50	35
75 to 79 years	3,230	1,530	1,700	60	25	30
80 to 84 years	2,415	1,025	1,385	30	15	15
85 years and over	2,495	790	1,700	30	15	15
85 to 89 years	1,480	530	955	20	15	5
90 to 94 years	780	220	560	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	190	40	150	5	0	0
100 years and over	40	0	35	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.3	19.1	17.6	12.4	12.8	12.2
15 to 64 years	67.1	67.8	66.5	60.2	58.4	61.7
65 years and over	14.5	13.2	15.9	27.0	28.8	25.2
85 years and over	1.9	1.2	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.6
Average age of the population	39.5	38.5	40.4	49.3	49.4	49.1
Median age of the population	39.7	38.8	40.6	55.8	56.5	55.1
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	48,240	...	...	565	...	...
Single-detached house	28,135	...	...	410	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,620	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	17,460	...	...	145	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,675	...	...	30	...	...
Row house	5,645	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,700	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,260	...	...	85	...	...
Other single-attached house	175	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	25	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	48,235	...	...	565	...	...
1 person	11,015	...	...	160	...	...
2 persons	15,515	...	...	280	...	...
3 persons	8,525	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	8,320	...	...	50	...	...
5 or more persons	4,860	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	127,840	...	...	1,175	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	106,095	51,685	54,405	1,045	545	500
Married or living common law	62,220	31,100	31,120	755	380	375
Married	51,730	25,850	25,880	450	230	225
Living common law	10,490	5,250	5,240	305	155	150
Not married and not living common law	43,875	20,590	23,285	295	160	130
Never married	28,195	15,315	12,875	155	100	60
Separated	3,690	1,575	2,115	5	5	0
Divorced	6,280	2,490	3,790	70	40	30
Widowed	5,710	1,205	4,505	65	20	40
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	37,280	...	...	395	...	...
2 persons	17,180	...	...	280	...	...
3 persons	8,600	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	8,160	...	...	50	...	...
5 or more persons	3,340	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	37,280	...	...	395	...	...
Total couple families	30,545	...	...	370	...	...
Married couples	25,300	...	...	225	...	...
Common-law couples	5,245	...	...	150	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	6,735	...	...	20	...	...
Female parent	5,360	...	...	15	...	...
Male parent	1,375	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	30,545	...	...	375	...	...
Couples without children	13,225	...	...	260	...	...
Couples with children	17,325	...	...	115	...	...
1 child	6,590	...	...	45	...	...
2 children	7,555	...	...	45	...	...
3 or more children	3,175	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	6,735	...	...	20	...	...
1 child	3,950	...	...	15	...	...
2 children	2,010	...	...	5	...	...
3 or more children	770	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,225	8,495	8,730	185	105	75
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	48,240	...	...	565	...	...
One-census-family households	34,420	...	...	395	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	12,140	...	...	260	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	22,280	...	...	135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	1,405	...	...	0	...	...
Non-census-family households	12,415	...	...	170	...	...
One-person households	11,015	...	...	160	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,400	...	...	5	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	128,600	63,400	65,205	1,205	625	575
English only	119,375	59,500	59,870	0	0	0
French only	35	10	20	995	495	495
English and French	7,135	3,080	4,055	205	125	80
Neither English nor French	2,055	800	1,260	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	128,600	63,400	65,200	1,200	625	575
English	124,640	61,700	62,945	15	10	0
French	1,515	740	775	1,190	615	575
English and French	420	175	240	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	2,030	785	1,245	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,725	830	890	10	10	0
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.3	1.4	0.8	1.6	0.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	128,600	63,400	65,205	1,200	625	575
Single responses	126,290	62,265	64,025	1,200	625	575
Official languages	103,260	51,200	52,065	1,195	620	570
English	101,675	50,425	51,255	15	10	5
French	1,580	775	810	1,185	615	570
Non-official languages	23,025	11,065	11,965	5	0	0
Aboriginal languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	5	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	23,025	11,060	11,955	5	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	965	485	475	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	60	30	30	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	60	30	30	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	905	455	450	0	0	0
Amharic	45	20	30	0	0	0
Arabic	770	395	375	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	20	15	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	5	0	0	0
Maltese	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	800	385	420	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	790	380	410	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	720	280	435	0	0	0
Bikol	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	45	10	35	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	45	20	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	15	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	565	225	340	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	15	20	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	355	190	165	0	0	0
Kannada	10	5	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	160	85	75	0	0	0
Tamil	135	70	70	0	0	0
Telugu	45	30	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	18,035	8,710	9,325	5	0	0
Albanian	55	25	25	0	0	0
Armenian	290	150	140	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,260	1,050	1,205	0	0	0
Baltic languages	40	15	20	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,220	1,030	1,190	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Croatian	280	135	140	0	0	0
Czech	150	70	80	0	0	0
Macedonian	100	45	55	0	0	0
Polish	965	455	505	0	0	0
Russian	190	75	120	0	0	0
Serbian	160	85	80	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	90	40	50	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	165	75	90	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,490	695	800	5	0	0
Afrikaans	40	15	20	0	0	0
Danish	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dutch	455	205	250	0	0	0
Frisian	15	10	5	0	0	0
German	915	435	480	5	0	0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	205	105	100	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5,420	2,735	2,680	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	4,440	2,225	2,210	0	0	0
Bengali	65	35	35	0	0	0
Gujarati	1,295	660	635	0	0	0
Hindi	265	135	130	0	0	0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5	0	0	0
Marathi	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nepali	25	10	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,570	755	815	0	0	0
Sindhi	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Urdu	1,150	595	550	0	0	0
Iranian languages	970	505	465	0	0	0
Kurdish	20	15	10	0	0	0
Pashto	710	380	330	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	235	115	125	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,325	3,945	4,375	0	0	0
Catalan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Italian	770	400	365	0	0	0
Portuguese	5,740	2,680	3,060	0	0	0
Romanian	380	170	215	0	0	0
Spanish	1,425	690	740	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	95	40	55	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	165	80	85	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	70	40	30	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	5	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	15	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	25	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	30	15	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	915	430	490	0	0	0
Chinese languages	910	425	480	0	0	0
Cantonese	335	165	170	0	0	0
Hakka	5	0	5	0	0	0
Mandarin	445	205	235	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	30	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Burmese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	260	125	135	0	0	0
Lao	235	120	115	0	0	0
Thai	25	5	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60	35	30	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	50	25	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	460	220	245	0	0	0
Estonian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Finnish	50	15	35	0	0	0
Hungarian	380	190	190	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,315	1,135	1,180	0	0	0
English and French	310	140	170	5	0	0
English and non-official language	1,910	950	960	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	25	20	0	5	0
English, French and non-official language	45	20	25	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	128,600	63,400	65,205	1,200	625	575
Single responses	123,705	61,005	62,700	1,200	625	570
Official languages	113,145	55,990	57,155	1,200	625	575
English	112,760	55,820	56,940	10	10	5
French	385	170	215	1,190	615	570
Non-official languages	10,565	5,015	5,545	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	10,565	5,020	5,545	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	480	240	245	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	35	15	20	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	35	15	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	445	225	225	0	0	0
Amharic	15	5	10	0	0	0
Arabic	400	200	200	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	565	265	305	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	555	255	300	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	245	105	140	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	10	5	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	20	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	200	85	115	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	5	15	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	185	95	95	0	0	0
Kannada	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malayalam	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamil	75	35	40	0	0	0
Telugu	10	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,980	3,780	4,200	0	0	0
Albanian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Armenian	195	95	95	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	915	435	480	0	0	0
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	910	435	475	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	15	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Croatian	90	40	45	0	0	0
Czech	55	25	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	65	25	30	0	0	0
Polish	380	180	200	0	0	0
Russian	90	45	45	0	0	0
Serbian	70	35	40	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	30	15	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	100	45	55	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	110	50	60	0	0	0
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	35	15	20	0	0	0
Frisian	5	0	0	0	0	0
German	55	20	35	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	5	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	70	30	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,255	1,590	1,665	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,685	1,310	1,375	0	0	0
Bengali	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	830	415	415	0	0	0
Hindi	105	55	55	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	15	5	10	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,015	485	530	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Urdu	670	330	335	0	0	0
Iranian languages	565	280	285	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0	0	0
Pashto	430	215	210	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	130	55	70	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,420	1,565	1,850	0	0	0
Catalan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Italian	185	85	105	0	0	0
Portuguese	2,435	1,110	1,325	0	0	0
Romanian	155	70	85	0	0	0
Spanish	635	305	330	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	75	35	35	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	120	55	65	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	5	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	55	35	25	0	0	0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	550	270	280	0	0	0
Chinese languages	545	265	285	0	0	0
Cantonese	200	90	105	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	305	150	155	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	65	65	0	0	0
Lao	130	60	65	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	110	55	60	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	95	50	50	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	4,895	2,390	2,505	5	0	5
English and French	215	90	125	0	0	0
English and non-official language	4,585	2,260	2,330	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	5	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	80	35	45	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	128,600	63,395	65,205	1,200	625	575
None	115,095	56,955	58,140	1,175	610	565
English	4,455	2,215	2,245	15	10	5
French	1,315	565	750	5	5	0
Non-official language	7,535	3,575	3,955	5	0	0
Aboriginal	10	5	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	7,530	3,580	3,955	5	0	0
English and French	25	10	20	0	0	0
English and non-official language	85	40	45	0	0	0
French and non-official language	80	30	55	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	104,030	50,965	53,065	1,025	530	490
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	99,760	49,005	50,755	1,000	530	470
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,244	44,194	28,673	28,971	39,339	20,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	99,775	49,010	50,770	1,005	525	475
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,916	38,893	26,524	26,091	34,560	19,872
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	89,690	45,325	44,365	855	480	380
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,445	44,371	26,639	24,640	35,200	16,427
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	69,505	30,410	39,095	815	425	390
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,714	2,433	5,765	9,998	10,720	9,728
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	76,700	39,935	36,760	685	395	290
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,410	46,713	30,186	21,611	27,328	15,616
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	104,030	50,965	53,065	1,025	540	490
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	99,730	49,025	50,710	995	530	460
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,725	53,969	35,789	36,575	46,786	24,719
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	99,745	49,020	50,720	995	535	460
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,441	44,048	31,054	31,135	39,234	21,733
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	89,675	45,345	44,325	830	490	340
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,919	53,698	33,914	33,640	41,007	22,938
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	69,365	30,420	38,945	785	425	365
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,529	6,924	8,002	10,743	11,403	9,970
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	76,700	39,915	36,785	650	395	255
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,546	54,575	35,749	32,853	40,293	21,296
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	104,030	50,970	53,065	1,025	540	485
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	40,925	23,380	17,545	190	130	60
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,316	59,883	44,823	41,815	47,566	33,531
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,793	69,538	51,472	47,248	52,657	35,055
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.2	91.9	83.0	78.5	81.9	70.3
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	77.7	82.1	71.4	59.8	62.7	52.9
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.8	8.1	17.0	21.7	17.9	29.0
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	104,030	50,965	53,070	1,025	530	490
Without total income	4,270	1,955	2,310	25	5	20
With total income	99,765	49,005	50,750	1,000	530	470
Percentage with total income	95.9	96.2	95.6	97.6	100.0	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	12,780	5,230	7,550	125	35	95
$10,000 to $19,999	16,405	6,155	10,240	210	75	135
$20,000 to $29,999	14,310	5,800	8,515	185	100	90
$30,000 to $39,999	11,980	5,150	6,835	125	65	60
$40,000 to $49,999	10,800	5,195	5,605	105	55	45
$50,000 to $59,999	9,000	5,040	3,960	75	55	20
$60,000 to $69,999	6,505	4,015	2,500	45	35	10
$70,000 to $79,999	4,635	3,000	1,640	35	25	10
$80,000 to $89,999	3,575	2,395	1,185	20	15	5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,025	1,895	1,135	10	10	5
$100,000 and over	6,735	5,140	1,595	65	60	5
$100,000 to $149,999	4,900	3,695	1,205	45	50	0
$150,000 and over	1,835	1,445	390	15	10	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	104,035	50,965	53,065	1,025	530	495
Without after-tax income	4,260	1,955	2,300	25	5	15
With after-tax income	99,775	49,005	50,765	1,000	530	470
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	96.2	95.7	97.6	100.0	94.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,060	5,285	7,775	130	30	95
$10,000 to $19,999	17,270	6,520	10,750	215	75	140
$20,000 to $29,999	16,720	6,865	9,860	215	110	100
$30,000 to $39,999	14,630	6,655	7,970	160	90	75
$40,000 to $49,999	12,735	6,890	5,845	100	70	35
$50,000 to $59,999	8,785	5,370	3,420	70	45	20
$60,000 to $69,999	5,675	3,730	1,950	35	30	10
$70,000 to $79,999	4,310	2,770	1,545	30	25	5
$80,000 and over	6,585	4,935	1,650	50	45	0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,430	1,730	700	20	20	0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,385	1,035	350	10	10	0
$100,000 and over	2,775	2,170	600	20	15	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	104,030	50,965	53,070	1,020	535	490
Without employment income	27,335	11,030	16,300	340	140	205
With employment income	76,700	39,935	36,765	680	395	290
Percentage with employment income	73.7	78.4	69.3	66.7	73.8	59.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,660	4,030	4,630	135	85	50
$5,000 to $9,999	5,620	2,280	3,335	55	20	35
$10,000 to $19,999	9,395	3,900	5,495	140	45	90
$20,000 to $29,999	8,195	3,395	4,795	95	55	40
$30,000 to $39,999	8,675	3,630	5,040	50	30	20
$40,000 to $49,999	8,230	4,115	4,120	60	35	20
$50,000 to $59,999	7,265	4,275	2,990	30	20	10
$60,000 to $69,999	5,310	3,400	1,915	30	15	10
$70,000 to $79,999	3,905	2,575	1,330	30	25	5
$80,000 and over	11,450	8,340	3,110	65	65	0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,140	2,150	985	15	15	0
$90,000 to $99,999	2,625	1,675	955	15	10	0
$100,000 and over	5,685	4,515	1,175	40	35	0
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	48,240	...	...	560	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	77,757	...	...	58,432	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	68,074	...	...	51,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	11,015	...	...	160	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,717	...	...	27,072	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,004	...	...	23,872	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	37,220	...	...	400	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,590	...	...	68,608	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,390	...	...	60,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	48,235	...	...	565	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,469	...	...	64,590	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,417	...	...	54,984	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,035	...	...	165	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,941	...	...	37,387	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,891	...	...	31,534	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	37,205	...	...	405	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	106,563	...	...	75,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,138	...	...	64,338	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	48,240	...	...	560	...	...
Under $5,000	425	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	370	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,015	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,360	...	...	40	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,850	...	...	25	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,590	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,825	...	...	40	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,925	...	...	35	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,890	...	...	30	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,920	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,750	...	...	60	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,500	...	...	55	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,460	...	...	40	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,175	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,020	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,170	...	...	120	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,075	...	...	55	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,075	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,295	...	...	30	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,730	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	48,240	...	...	565	...	...
Under $5,000	455	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	395	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,030	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,405	...	...	40	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,105	...	...	30	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,760	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,195	...	...	50	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,245	...	...	35	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,340	...	...	50	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,330	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,475	...	...	70	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,205	...	...	65	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,010	...	...	35	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,635	...	...	35	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,190	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,460	...	...	65	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,635	...	...	40	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,190	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,640	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	36,235	...	...	400	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,156	...	...	68,693	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,982	...	...	60,096	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	11,745	...	...	260	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,502	...	...	63,275	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,461	...	...	54,144	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	17,465	...	...	110	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	115,183	...	...	91,136	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	98,399	...	...	79,360	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,080	...	...	20	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,360	...	...	43,136	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,283	...	...	43,136	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	36,285	...	...	405	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,268	...	...	75,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,812	...	...	64,338	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	11,835	...	...	275	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	94,994	...	...	69,613	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,681	...	...	59,629	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	17,470	...	...	105	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	128,829	...	...	97,476	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	106,948	...	...	82,301	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,050	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,203	...	...	0	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,645	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	14,515	7,415	7,095	165	95	70
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	34,410	40,192	29,382	26,432	31,680	20,800
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,038	35,211	27,220	23,232	29,120	20,544
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	14,375	7,345	7,035	160	90	70
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	42,062	46,308	37,629	37,387	45,569	26,504
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,615	38,233	32,882	31,534	37,438	23,683
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	127,840	63,140	64,700	1,175	610	565
In the bottom half of the distribution	59,585	28,305	31,275	740	375	370
In the bottom decile	9,070	4,215	4,855	60	25	35
In the second decile	11,080	4,910	6,175	160	85	80
In the third decile	12,335	5,795	6,535	180	85	90
In the fourth decile	13,235	6,390	6,850	190	100	85
In the fifth decile	13,860	7,000	6,855	155	80	75
In the top half of the distribution	68,250	34,830	33,420	435	235	195
In the sixth decile	14,785	7,440	7,345	120	65	60
In the seventh decile	14,680	7,520	7,160	90	50	40
In the eighth decile	14,940	7,480	7,460	100	55	50
In the ninth decile	13,950	7,230	6,720	80	45	35
In the top decile	9,905	5,170	4,735	40	20	20
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	127,840	63,140	64,700	1,175	615	560
0 to 17 years	28,755	14,615	14,135	170	95	75
0 to 5 years	8,960	4,645	4,315	65	40	25
18 to 64 years	81,855	40,590	41,265	700	355	350
65 years and over	17,230	7,925	9,300	305	170	140
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,850	6,155	7,695	150	70	80
0 to 17 years	4,180	2,130	2,050	20	5	10
0 to 5 years	1,455	770	685	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	7,765	3,355	4,415	55	25	35
65 years and over	1,905	675	1,225	80	40	40
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	9.7	11.9	12.8	11.4	14.3
0 to 17 years (%)	14.5	14.6	14.5	11.8	5.3	13.3
0 to 5 years (%)	16.2	16.6	15.9	7.7	0.0	20.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	8.3	10.7	7.9	7.0	10.0
65 years and over (%)	11.1	8.5	13.2	26.2	23.5	28.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,260	3,450	3,815	35	20	15
0 to 17 years	2,005	1,020	990	5	5	0
0 to 5 years	670	350	315	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	4,925	2,275	2,650	20	15	10
65 years and over	330	150	180	5	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.7	5.5	5.9	3.0	3.3	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	7.0	7.0	7.0	2.9	5.3	0.0
0 to 5 years (%)	7.5	7.5	7.3	7.7	0.0	20.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	5.6	6.4	2.9	4.2	2.9
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.6	2.9	3.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	127,835	63,140	64,700	1,175	615	560
Official languages	125,740	62,335	63,400	1,175	615	560
English	125,715	62,325	63,390	160	90	75
French	7,075	3,060	4,015	1,175	615	555
Non-official languages	27,985	13,495	14,485	30	15	15
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	27,980	13,495	14,480	25	15	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,410	710	700	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	20	10	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,385	695	690	0	0	0
Amharic	50	20	25	0	0	0
Arabic	1,220	605	620	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	50	30	15	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	45	25	20	0	0	0
Maltese	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,055	535	525	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,050	525	520	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	810	280	535	10	10	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	0	15	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	10	20	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	10	25	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	760	260	495	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Creole languages	85	25	50	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	10	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	15	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	570	310	255	0	0	0
Kannada	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malayalam	170	90	80	0	0	0
Tamil	270	145	130	0	0	0
Telugu	125	80	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	15	15	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	22,005	10,665	11,340	20	10	10
Albanian	20	15	0	0	0	0
Armenian	375	195	180	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,560	1,205	1,355	10	0	0
Baltic languages	35	20	15	0	0	0
Latvian	20	10	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,540	1,190	1,345	10	0	0
Belarusan	0	10	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	40	20	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Croatian	320	140	180	0	0	0
Czech	230	110	120	0	0	0
Macedonian	160	65	95	0	0	0
Polish	1,115	570	545	0	0	0
Russian	285	125	165	0	0	0
Serbian	205	110	100	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	100	60	40	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	25	0	0	0
Ukrainian	180	65	115	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0	0	0
Celtic languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	25	10	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,865	825	1,045	15	0	10
Afrikaans	55	30	30	0	0	0
Danish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Dutch	505	215	290	10	0	0
Frisian	15	10	0	0	0	0
German	1,255	560	695	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	25	20	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	265	135	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	6,240	3,190	3,050	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	5,620	2,875	2,745	0	0	0
Bengali	90	45	45	0	0	0
Gujarati	1,315	705	610	0	0	0
Hindi	1,260	645	620	0	0	0
Kashmiri	15	10	10	0	0	0
Konkani	20	15	0	0	0	0
Marathi	50	20	30	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,230	1,075	1,155	0	0	0
Sindhi	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20	0	0	0
Urdu	2,175	1,125	1,045	0	0	0
Iranian languages	965	475	485	0	0	0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0	0	0
Pashto	705	360	350	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	295	125	165	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	20	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,855	5,190	5,665	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	1,085	550	540	0	0	0
Portuguese	7,125	3,445	3,680	0	0	0
Romanian	500	220	285	0	0	0
Spanish	2,345	1,080	1,265	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	115	60	55	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	180	75	100	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	140	65	70	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	20	15	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swahili	50	15	35	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	20	15	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	65	25	35	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	0	0	0
Sign languages	190	75	115	0	0	0
American Sign Language	155	70	90	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,110	530	580	0	0	0
Chinese languages	1,110	530	580	0	0	0
Cantonese	560	260	295	0	0	0
Hakka	25	0	15	0	0	0
Mandarin	570	255	320	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	25	20	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	275	120	155	0	0	0
Lao	260	120	145	0	0	0
Thai	40	10	35	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	80	40	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkish	65	35	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	575	295	280	0	0	0
Estonian	50	20	30	0	0	0
Finnish	50	25	20	0	0	0
Hungarian	480	250	230	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	127,840	63,140	64,700	1,175	620	560
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	122,710	60,670	62,040	1,160	605	555
Canadian citizens aged under 18	28,305	14,330	13,975	170	90	70
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	94,410	46,335	48,070	995	510	480
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	5,125	2,470	2,660	15	10	10
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	127,835	63,135	64,700	1,180	615	560
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	101,075	50,100	50,975	1,145	600	545
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	26,090	12,705	13,390	20	10	15
Before 1981	11,115	5,460	5,655	0	0	0
1981 to 1990	3,895	1,915	1,980	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	4,235	2,005	2,225	10	0	10
2001 to 2010	4,945	2,415	2,530	10	0	10
2001 to 2005	2,520	1,275	1,250	10	0	0
2006 to 2010	2,425	1,135	1,285	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,900	905	985	10	10	10
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	670	335	340	10	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	26,090	12,700	13,385	25	10	10
Under 5 years	3,150	1,705	1,445	10	0	0
5 to 14 years	5,305	2,730	2,580	0	0	0
15 to 24 years	6,320	2,745	3,575	10	0	0
25 to 44 years	9,690	4,835	4,855	0	0	10
45 years and over	1,630	690	940	10	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	26,090	12,705	13,390	25	10	10
Americas	3,670	1,645	2,025	0	0	0
Brazil	115	50	65	0	0	0
Colombia	240	110	135	0	0	0
El Salvador	420	195	225	0	0	0
Guyana	590	270	325	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	480	240	240	0	0	0
Mexico	155	80	75	0	0	0
Peru	30	10	25	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	195	70	130	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	640	230	415	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	780	390	390	0	0	0
Europe	13,095	6,465	6,635	15	10	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	35	25	0	0	0
Croatia	160	65	90	0	0	0
France	40	25	20	0	0	0
Germany	565	250	315	0	0	0
Greece	115	65	55	0	0	0
Hungary	210	115	95	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	100	45	50	0	0	0
Italy	425	215	210	0	0	0
Netherlands	445	225	220	0	0	0
Poland	730	370	360	0	0	0
Portugal	4,620	2,215	2,410	0	0	0
Romania	430	180	250	0	0	0
Russian Federation	110	50	60	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	210	130	85	0	0	0
Ukraine	60	30	35	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	4,005	2,080	1,925	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	815	365	455	0	0	0
Africa	860	475	385	10	0	10
Algeria	0	10	0	0	0	0
Egypt	185	105	80	0	0	0
Ethiopia	65	40	25	0	0	0
Kenya	45	15	30	0	0	0
Morocco	15	15	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	60	30	25	0	0	0
Somalia	15	0	15	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	165	80	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	310	190	125	0	0	10
Asia	8,390	4,075	4,315	0	0	0
Afghanistan	145	55	85	0	0	0
Bangladesh	50	25	25	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	465	175	285	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	155	85	70	0	0	0
India	2,460	1,240	1,220	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	105	70	40	0	0	0
Iraq	335	160	180	0	0	0
Japan	20	10	20	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	125	65	60	0	0	0
Lebanon	225	105	120	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,495	770	725	0	0	0
Philippines	830	330	500	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	215	110	105	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	190	100	85	0	0	0
Taiwan	15	10	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	770	370	405	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	790	395	395	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	75	50	25	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,895	910	985	10	10	0
Americas	285	120	165	0	0	0
Brazil	15	10	10	0	0	0
Colombia	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	30	15	20	0	0	0
Mexico	15	0	10	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	100	35	60	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	90	45	45	0	0	0
Europe	250	135	115	10	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	25	0	20	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	75	60	15	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	130	60	75	0	10	0
Africa	80	40	40	0	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	10	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	55	30	25	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	10	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	0	0	0
Asia	1,260	600	665	0	0	0
Afghanistan	30	10	20	0	0	0
Bangladesh	20	10	15	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	70	35	35	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	400	220	180	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iraq	145	80	70	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	225	105	115	0	0	0
Philippines	120	35	85	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	85	40	45	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	45	15	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	35	35	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	20	15	0	0	0	0
Australia	15	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	127,840	63,140	64,700	1,180	615	560
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	27,135	13,250	13,890	30	15	15
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	28,295	14,275	14,025	10	10	0
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	72,400	35,620	36,785	1,135	595	540
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	15,590	7,560	8,035	25	10	15
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	6,560	3,395	3,170	15	10	0
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	2,390	1,760	635	10	0	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	4,170	1,640	2,535	10	10	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	5,880	2,495	3,385	0	0	10
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	2,950	1,580	1,370	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	200	95	105	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	127,835	63,140	64,700	1,175	615	560
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,540	1,175	1,365	45	30	15
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,410	1,125	1,285	45	30	20
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,605	760	850	0	0	0
Métis	745	345	405	45	30	15
Inuk (Inuit)	55	20	30	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	105	35	65	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	125,300	61,965	63,335	1,135	585	545
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	127,835	63,140	64,700	1,175	615	560
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	700	330	370	0	10	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	127,140	62,810	64,330	1,170	615	560
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	127,835	63,140	64,700	1,180	615	560
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	385	185	205	10	0	0
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	360	165	190	0	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	270	125	140	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	75	40	35	10	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	30	20	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	30	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	4,000	1,865	2,140	25	20	10
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	3,905	1,815	2,085	25	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,035	1,425	1,615	15	10	10
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	735	345	390	15	15	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	135	50	85	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	100	45	50	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	35	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	123,445	61,090	62,360	1,145	590	555
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	127,840	63,140	64,700	1,180	620	560
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	19,895	9,800	10,095	10	10	10
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	7,885	4,065	3,820	0	0	0
Chinese	1,375	620	755	0	0	10
Black	3,255	1,635	1,620	10	0	0
Filipino	1,270	535	735	0	0	0
Latin American	1,610	745	865	0	0	0
Arab	1,050	515	540	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,405	690	720	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	405	200	205	0	0	0
Korean	220	105	125	0	0	0
Japanese	180	90	90	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	710	360	355	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	515	245	270	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	107,945	53,340	54,605	1,165	610	555
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	127,840	63,140	64,700	1,175	615	560
North American Aboriginal origins	4,390	2,055	2,340	30	25	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,420	1,610	1,810	10	10	0
Inuit	170	60	105	0	0	0
Métis	935	445	485	20	20	0
Other North American origins	39,790	19,570	20,225	1,065	560	510
Acadian	170	65	110	10	10	0
American	1,380	690	695	0	0	0
Canadian	38,515	18,925	19,590	1,050	545	510
New Brunswicker	0	10	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	630	305	325	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	30	10	20	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Québécois	35	30	0	10	10	10
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	0	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	91,310	44,920	46,390	290	165	125
British Isles origins	59,420	29,080	30,345	40	25	15
Channel Islander	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	0	0	0
English	34,345	16,580	17,765	10	0	0
Irish	23,865	11,565	12,300	0	0	10
Manx	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish	25,495	12,425	13,070	25	20	10
Welsh	2,275	1,100	1,175	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	3,755	1,790	1,965	0	0	0
French origins	11,790	5,730	6,055	235	125	115
Alsatian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Breton	0	10	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	11,760	5,725	6,040	235	120	110
Western European origins (except French origins)	23,685	11,405	12,285	15	0	10
Austrian	730	370	360	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	510	275	230	10	0	0
Dutch	6,035	2,955	3,085	0	0	0
Flemish	35	15	15	0	0	0
Frisian	15	0	10	0	0	0
German	17,660	8,390	9,270	10	0	0
Luxembourger	20	15	10	0	0	0
Swiss	595	285	310	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,930	930	995	0	0	0
Danish	405	190	220	0	0	0
Finnish	365	205	160	0	0	0
Icelandic	155	55	100	0	0	0
Norwegian	440	215	220	0	0	0
Swedish	520	225	295	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	135	75	60	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	12,005	5,955	6,050	20	15	10
Bulgarian	70	40	35	0	0	0
Byelorussian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Czech	545	235	310	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	100	45	55	0	0	0
Estonian	140	70	70	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,085	1,010	1,075	0	0	0
Latvian	115	40	75	0	0	0
Lithuanian	230	130	100	0	0	0
Moldovan	20	0	15	0	0	0
Polish	4,805	2,445	2,355	0	0	0
Romanian	890	390	505	0	0	0
Russian	1,080	500	580	0	0	0
Slovak	315	175	140	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,920	1,440	1,475	25	15	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	65	45	25	0	0	0
Southern European origins	20,820	10,330	10,490	10	10	0
Albanian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	60	35	25	0	0	0
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	695	300	390	0	0	0
Cypriot	35	10	20	0	0	0
Greek	720	390	330	0	0	0
Italian	5,540	2,840	2,700	10	15	0
Kosovar	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	260	90	170	0	0	0
Maltese	245	115	125	0	0	0
Montenegrin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	12,120	6,060	6,060	0	0	0
Serbian	390	205	190	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	195	105	90	0	0	0
Spanish	1,225	505	720	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	220	110	105	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	10	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	605	330	275	0	0	0
Basque	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jewish	290	155	135	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	280	155	125	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	2,890	1,450	1,440	0	0	0
Antiguan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Barbadian	405	215	190	0	0	0
Bermudan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Carib	30	25	0	0	0	0
Cuban	85	30	55	0	0	0
Dominican	50	25	30	0	0	0
Grenadian	80	40	45	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	1,430	705	725	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	25	0	20	0	0	0
St. Lucian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	430	215	215	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	95	40	50	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	340	170	170	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	50	25	20	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,815	1,335	1,485	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	130	60	65	0	0	0
Arawak	0	10	10	0	0	0
Argentinian	75	40	30	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Brazilian	195	75	115	0	0	0
Chilean	75	35	45	0	0	0
Colombian	360	170	190	0	0	0
Costa Rican	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	95	60	30	0	0	0
Guatemalan	95	50	50	0	0	0
Guyanese	665	320	345	0	0	0
Hispanic	75	40	35	0	0	0
Honduran	20	10	15	0	0	0
Maya	35	30	10	0	0	0
Mexican	245	120	130	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	105	45	55	0	0	0
Panamanian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	85	35	50	0	0	0
Salvadorean	495	225	270	0	0	0
Uruguayan	25	15	15	0	0	0
Venezuelan	50	20	25	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	105	50	60	0	0	0
African origins	1,765	835	930	0	0	0
Central and West African origins	235	135	95	0	0	0
Akan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Angolan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	15	10	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	30	0	20	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	145	80	70	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	0	30	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	475	230	245	0	0	0
Algerian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	330	165	170	0	0	0
Libyan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	10	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Sudanese	110	45	70	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	460	215	250	0	0	0
Afrikaner	10	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	25	15	10	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Eritrean	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ethiopian	85	40	45	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	20	0	15	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	55	40	15	0	0	0
South African	210	80	130	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	70	30	40	0	0	0
Other African origins	715	305	415	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	155	60	100	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	565	245	315	0	0	0
Asian origins	15,625	7,680	7,950	0	0	10
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	2,530	1,255	1,275	0	0	0
Afghan	315	140	175	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	255	135	120	0	0	0
Armenian	520	275	245	0	0	0
Assyrian	45	25	15	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	145	85	65	0	0	0
Iraqi	230	100	135	0	0	0
Israeli	55	30	25	0	0	0
Jordanian	80	45	35	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	25	15	10	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	380	150	225	0	0	0
Palestinian	125	90	40	0	0	0
Pashtun	140	75	65	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Syrian	215	110	110	0	0	0
Tajik	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	110	50	60	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	95	40	50	0	0	0
South Asian origins	7,950	4,030	3,915	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	45	25	15	0	0	0
Bengali	50	15	35	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	5,330	2,680	2,650	0	0	0
Goan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Gujarati	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kashmiri	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nepali	20	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	1,750	930	815	0	0	0
Punjabi	605	295	305	0	0	0
Sinhalese	55	25	35	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	165	90	75	0	0	0
Tamil	80	25	55	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	400	185	210	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	5,290	2,470	2,820	0	0	0
Burmese	30	15	15	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	35	15	0	0	0
Chinese	1,930	885	1,050	10	0	10
Filipino	1,450	615	835	0	0	0
Hmong	20	20	10	0	0	0
Indonesian	60	35	25	0	0	0
Japanese	245	115	130	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	240	120	120	0	0	0
Laotian	360	175	195	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	85	35	55	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,165	595	575	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	60	30	30	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	165	90	75	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	170	90	75	0	0	0
Oceania origins	170	100	70	0	10	0
Australian	125	80	45	0	0	0
New Zealander	30	20	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	15	0	15	10	0	0
Fijian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	10	10	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	48,240	...	...	565	...	...
Owner	34,080	...	...	475	...	...
Renter	14,160	...	...	85	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	48,240	...	...	565	...	...
Condominium	3,935	...	...	30	...	...
Not condominium	44,305	...	...	530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	48,240	...	...	560	...	...
No bedrooms	110	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	4,750	...	...	45	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,680	...	...	140	...	...
3 bedrooms	22,160	...	...	235	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,540	...	...	140	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	48,240	...	...	565	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,230	...	...	120	...	...
5 rooms	6,775	...	...	105	...	...
6 rooms	8,810	...	...	100	...	...
7 rooms	7,700	...	...	50	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,720	...	...	190	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	48,240	...	...	565	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,650	...	...	565	...	...
More than 1 person per room	595	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	48,240	...	...	565	...	...
Suitable	46,070	...	...	565	...	...
Not suitable	2,170	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	48,240	...	...	560	...	...
1960 or before	11,585	...	...	165	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,960	...	...	195	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,530	...	...	35	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,265	...	...	70	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,535	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,175	...	...	35	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,185	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	48,240	...	...	565	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	45,485	...	...	530	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,755	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	48,240	...	...	560	...	...
1 household maintainer	26,165	...	...	415	...	...
2 household maintainers	20,855	...	...	145	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,225	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	48,240	...	...	565	...	...
15 to 24 years	975	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,695	...	...	30	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,255	...	...	70	...	...
45 to 54 years	11,245	...	...	55	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,470	...	...	160	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,125	...	...	160	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,285	...	...	60	...	...
85 years and over	1,190	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	48,175	...	...	560	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,260	...	...	500	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,915	...	...	55	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,970	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,070	...	...	470	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	67.6	...	...	41.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.9	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,380	...	...	593	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,384	...	...	713	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	341,436	...	...	150,417	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	365,897	...	...	174,170	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,150	...	...	90	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	15.8	...	...	22.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	41.4	...	...	35.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	958	...	...	426	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,025	...	...	396	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	104,035	50,965	53,065	1,025	540	490
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,455	10,990	11,460	315	175	145
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	33,235	16,410	16,825	155	80	70
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,345	23,560	24,785	555	290	270
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,140	5,135	2,005	220	150	70
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,500	2,195	1,305	130	90	45
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,645	2,940	700	90	70	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	23,860	10,500	13,360	200	90	110
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,570	760	815	50	15	35
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	15,775	7,165	8,605	85	30	55
Bachelor's degree	11,400	4,985	6,415	55	10	50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	915	420	500	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	345	190	155	10	10	0
Master's degree	2,785	1,370	1,415	15	10	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	325	205	115	0	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	70,370	34,735	35,640	615	300	315
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,680	5,145	4,540	145	60	80
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	21,810	10,955	10,855	95	50	40
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,885	18,640	20,250	370	185	190
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,325	3,795	1,530	160	105	50
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,695	1,635	1,060	85	45	35
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,635	2,160	475	70	60	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	19,400	8,525	10,875	135	55	70
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,145	540	600	15	10	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	13,010	5,775	7,235	65	15	50
Bachelor's degree	9,285	4,025	5,270	45	10	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	785	335	460	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	265	115	150	0	10	10
Master's degree	2,405	1,160	1,245	10	10	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	265	150	115	10	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	104,030	50,970	53,065	1,025	540	485
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	55,685	27,400	28,280	470	250	215
Education	2,325	480	1,840	55	0	50
13. Education	2,325	485	1,840	55	10	45
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,720	740	980	10	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	265	165	100	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,460	575	885	0	0	10
Humanities	2,535	975	1,560	25	15	15
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	165	30	135	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	575	125	455	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	680	230	450	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	0	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	245	120	125	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	360	230	130	10	10	0
54. History	400	230	170	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	95	10	90	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,400	1,600	3,795	30	10	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	35	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	625	225	400	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,395	110	1,290	20	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	710	190	525	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	100	25	75	0	0	0
42. Psychology	770	205	570	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,755	840	910	0	10	0
Business, management and public administration	9,755	3,700	6,055	75	10	70
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	20	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	855	145	710	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,875	3,550	5,325	75	10	70
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,590	795	795	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	635	230	405	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	430	225	210	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	410	285	130	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	60	40	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,770	1,085	685	15	0	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,365	865	505	10	10	10
25. Library science	90	15	75	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	285	185	100	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	30	20	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	11,615	10,770	850	170	155	10
04. Architecture and related services	345	235	115	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,745	1,495	250	10	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,805	2,540	265	55	45	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,825	1,775	55	55	55	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,525	2,480	45	20	25	0
48. Precision production	2,365	2,240	125	35	25	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	880	460	420	40	35	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	575	305	270	15	15	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	305	155	150	25	20	0
Health and related fields	6,995	1,030	5,965	85	20	70
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	710	285	420	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	6,205	690	5,510	90	20	70
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	85	50	35	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,705	1,930	1,770	65	30	30
12. Personal and culinary services	1,860	530	1,335	40	10	30
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,230	830	395	10	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	600	565	35	20	20	0
Other	55	0	55	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	60	0	55	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	70,375	34,735	35,635	610	300	315
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	31,490	16,095	15,395	240	120	125
Education	1,815	375	1,435	30	10	25
13. Education	1,810	375	1,440	30	0	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,375	600	775	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	115	50	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,210	485	725	10	0	0
Humanities	1,915	745	1,175	15	10	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	130	20	105	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	450	105	340	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	525	175	350	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	10	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	160	75	85	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	285	185	95	0	0	0
54. History	300	175	125	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	70	0	65	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,375	1,235	3,135	20	10	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	30	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	535	205	325	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,130	70	1,055	15	10	10
22. Legal professions and studies	625	160	470	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	65	15	50	0	0	0
42. Psychology	570	125	450	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	1,415	655	760	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	8,215	3,050	5,165	50	0	45
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	15	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	715	105	615	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,470	2,945	4,530	45	0	45
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,230	595	630	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	495	165	330	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	320	175	145	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	315	205	110	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	50	35	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,525	935	590	10	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,215	765	445	0	10	0
25. Library science	65	10	55	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	215	135	85	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	25	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	9,155	8,430	720	125	110	15
04. Architecture and related services	315	220	100	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,485	1,275	215	10	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	2,215	1,970	240	40	35	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,420	1,370	50	35	35	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,970	1,940	30	20	20	0
48. Precision production	1,750	1,670	80	25	20	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	730	380	350	25	25	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	475	245	230	0	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	135	115	20	20	0
Health and related fields	5,485	760	4,725	45	10	40
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	565	220	350	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	4,860	520	4,340	45	0	40
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	65	30	30	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,030	1,540	1,495	45	15	30
12. Personal and culinary services	1,480	365	1,120	35	15	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,005	665	340	10	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	535	500	35	10	10	0
Other	45	0	45	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	0	45	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	104,035	50,970	53,070	1,025	540	485
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,685	27,405	28,280	470	255	215
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	48,345	23,565	24,785	560	285	270
Location of study inside Canada	41,755	20,000	21,760	545	285	260
Same as province or territory of residence	39,050	18,720	20,330	535	280	250
Different than province or territory of residence	2,705	1,275	1,430	15	0	10
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	6,590	3,565	3,025	10	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	895	475	425	0	0	0
Philippines	365	100	265	0	0	0
India	1,060	580	485	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,180	765	410	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	195	80	120	0	0	0
France	25	20	10	0	0	0
Other	2,870	1,550	1,320	10	10	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	70,375	34,735	35,635	615	300	310
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,490	16,095	15,390	240	120	125
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	38,880	18,635	20,245	370	180	190
Location of study inside Canada	34,065	16,175	17,890	365	185	180
Same as province or territory of residence	31,900	15,130	16,765	345	175	170
Different than province or territory of residence	2,165	1,045	1,120	15	0	10
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	4,820	2,465	2,355	10	0	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	725	370	355	0	0	0
Philippines	320	85	235	0	0	0
India	865	445	415	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	600	370	230	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	170	65	105	0	0	0
France	15	10	10	0	0	10
Other	2,120	1,115	1,010	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	104,030	50,970	53,065	1,025	540	485
In the labour force	71,880	37,680	34,200	500	295	205
Employed	67,305	35,395	31,905	420	250	175
Unemployed	4,575	2,280	2,295	80	40	35
Not in the labour force	32,150	13,285	18,865	525	245	280
Participation rate	69.1	73.9	64.4	48.8	54.6	42.3
Employment rate	64.7	69.4	60.1	41.0	46.3	36.1
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.1	6.7	16.0	13.6	17.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	104,030	50,965	53,065	1,025	540	485
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	30,665	12,690	17,975	430	185	245
Worked	73,370	38,275	35,095	595	350	245
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	41,685	23,895	17,790	190	135	55
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	31,685	14,385	17,300	405	220	185
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.0	44.7	43.1	37.6	39.4	35.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	71,880	37,680	34,200	495	290	205
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,235	600	640	0	0	10
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	70,640	37,085	33,560	490	290	200
Employee	64,970	33,600	31,375	420	245	175
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	5,670	3,480	2,185	75	50	25
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	71,885	37,680	34,200	500	295	205
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,240	595	640	10	0	10
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	70,645	37,080	33,560	490	295	200
0 Management occupations	7,205	4,480	2,725	45	35	15
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,370	2,945	7,425	60	15	45
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,405	3,470	940	20	20	0
3 Health occupations	3,490	415	3,070	10	0	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,070	1,705	4,365	50	15	35
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,580	695	885	10	10	0
6 Sales and service occupations	16,790	6,460	10,330	120	30	90
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,860	11,020	835	150	145	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,000	775	225	10	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	7,865	5,115	2,755	20	20	0
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	71,880	37,680	34,200	500	290	205
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,240	600	635	0	0	10
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	70,645	37,085	33,560	495	295	200
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	525	290	230	40	35	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	135	115	20	0	0	0
22 Utilities	340	285	60	15	10	0
23 Construction	5,120	4,510	605	70	65	0
31-33 Manufacturing	14,455	9,995	4,460	60	45	15
41 Wholesale trade	3,590	2,445	1,145	0	10	0
44-45 Retail trade	8,525	3,755	4,770	55	20	30
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,755	2,680	1,075	15	15	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,360	725	635	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	2,790	900	1,890	10	0	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,245	670	575	20	15	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,150	2,125	2,025	15	10	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	145	80	65	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,890	1,645	1,240	20	15	0
61 Educational services	3,675	920	2,755	40	15	25
62 Health care and social assistance	6,760	855	5,905	25	0	25
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,245	675	575	20	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	4,775	1,720	3,050	45	0	40
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,565	1,305	1,255	30	15	20
91 Public administration	2,600	1,385	1,215	15	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	67,310	35,395	31,910	420	250	170
Worked at home	3,140	1,425	1,715	40	20	20
Worked outside Canada	195	125	65	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	6,615	4,995	1,620	45	45	10
Worked at usual place	57,365	28,850	28,510	335	185	150
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	57,360	28,850	28,510	330	185	145
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	31,160	14,675	16,490	150	55	90
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,410	5,175	6,240	135	80	50
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,630	8,900	5,735	50	45	10
Commute to a different province or territory	160	105	50	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	63,975	33,845	30,125	380	230	150
Car, truck, van - as a driver	53,460	28,900	24,565	335	200	135
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,655	2,150	2,495	15	10	10
Public transit	3,035	1,350	1,685	0	0	0
Walked	1,880	825	1,055	10	10	0
Bicycle	410	350	65	0	0	0
Other method	540	265	270	25	20	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	63,970	33,850	30,130	380	230	150
Less than 15 minutes	18,575	8,755	9,820	170	70	100
15 to 29 minutes	23,225	11,785	11,445	40	15	20
30 to 44 minutes	11,625	6,480	5,150	65	45	15
45 to 59 minutes	4,840	2,895	1,945	10	10	0
60 minutes and over	5,705	3,935	1,770	100	85	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	63,975	33,850	30,130	380	230	150
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,950	5,015	1,935	75	60	15
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,775	8,265	4,505	95	85	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,930	7,200	7,730	110	45	70
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,015	4,210	6,800	45	15	35
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,490	2,205	3,285	25	15	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	12,810	6,945	5,865	25	20	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	75,445	39,255	36,190	615	360	265
Single responses	74,980	39,030	35,950	600	350	255
Official languages	74,630	38,880	35,750	605	350	250
English	74,435	38,840	35,595	10	0	0
French	195	40	155	600	345	255
Non-official languages	350	155	200	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	355	155	200	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	250	110	140	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	0	30	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	0	30	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	0	0	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	100	50	50	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	100	50	50	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	25	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	35	15	25	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	60	55	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	100	55	40	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	15	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	30	0	0	0
Chinese languages	50	20	30	0	0	0
Cantonese	40	15	25	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	455	215	240	15	0	10
English and French	140	40	105	15	10	10
English and non-official language	310	185	125	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	75,445	39,250	36,195	620	355	265
None	73,205	38,245	34,955	575	335	235
English	265	75	185	40	15	25
French	710	285	430	10	10	0
Non-official language	1,220	640	580	0	0	0
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	1,220	640	585	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	10	35	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	126,370	62,395	63,980	1,145	590	555
Non-movers	111,230	54,950	56,280	1,070	555	510
Movers	15,140	7,445	7,700	75	35	40
Non-migrants	9,220	4,535	4,680	25	10	20
Migrants	5,925	2,905	3,020	50	25	25
Internal migrants	5,195	2,585	2,610	50	25	25
Intraprovincial migrants	4,765	2,350	2,420	50	25	25
Interprovincial migrants	425	235	190	0	0	0
External migrants	725	320	405	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	120,460	59,380	61,090	1,115	580	540
Non-movers	76,180	37,540	38,640	885	475	415
Movers	44,285	21,840	22,445	225	105	125
Non-migrants	26,100	12,845	13,255	110	45	60
Migrants	18,185	8,995	9,190	120	60	60
Internal migrants	16,075	7,980	8,100	105	45	55
Intraprovincial migrants	14,985	7,430	7,555	95	45	50
Interprovincial migrants	1,090	545	550	0	0	10
External migrants	2,110	1,020	1,090	15	15	10

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Cambridge, CY [Census subdivision], Ontario and L'Anse-Saint-Jean, MÉ [Census subdivision], Quebec (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 2, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cambridge, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and L'Anse-Saint-Jean, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec

Census Profile, 2016 Census Cambridge, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and L'Anse-Saint-Jean, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Cambridge, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and L'Anse-Saint-Jean, Municipalité [Census subdivision], Quebec