Census Profile, 2016 Census
Greater Sudbury, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Chester [Population centre], Nova Scotia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Greater Sudbury, CV Ontario [Census subdivision]			Chester Nova Scotia [Population centre]
	Data quality , Greater Sudbury, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Map : Greater Sudbury, City [Census subdivision], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Chester [Population centre], Nova Scotia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	161,531	...	...	1,458	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	160,274	...	...	1,484^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	0.8	...	...	-1.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	75,029	...	...	961	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	69,152	...	...	702	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	50.0	...	...	405.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,228.35	...	...	3.59	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	161,530	78,950	82,575	1,460	685	775
0 to 14 years	25,070	12,865	12,205	145	75	70
0 to 4 years	8,155	4,215	3,945	45	25	20
5 to 9 years	8,615	4,445	4,170	50	25	25
10 to 14 years	8,300	4,210	4,090	45	20	25
15 to 64 years	106,800	52,830	53,965	740	360	385
15 to 19 years	9,275	4,730	4,545	60	35	25
20 to 24 years	10,430	5,365	5,065	45	25	20
25 to 29 years	9,945	4,955	4,990	45	20	20
30 to 34 years	9,800	4,880	4,920	55	30	20
35 to 39 years	9,790	4,770	5,020	45	25	25
40 to 44 years	10,020	5,010	5,010	50	20	35
45 to 49 years	10,590	5,275	5,310	65	40	25
50 to 54 years	13,295	6,535	6,755	100	45	60
55 to 59 years	12,720	6,100	6,620	135	60	75
60 to 64 years	10,935	5,210	5,725	135	70	70
65 years and over	29,665	13,255	16,405	575	250	325
65 to 69 years	9,430	4,665	4,760	175	80	100
70 to 74 years	6,995	3,260	3,740	130	65	65
75 to 79 years	5,325	2,390	2,935	95	40	55
80 to 84 years	4,080	1,655	2,420	70	35	35
85 years and over	3,835	1,285	2,550	105	35	70
85 to 89 years	2,505	930	1,575	60	25	35
90 to 94 years	1,060	295	765	30	10	20
95 to 99 years	250	60	190	15	0	10
100 years and over	20	5	20	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	16.3	14.8	9.9	10.9	9.0
15 to 64 years	66.1	66.9	65.4	50.7	52.6	49.7
65 years and over	18.4	16.8	19.9	39.4	36.5	41.9
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.1	7.2	5.1	9.0
Average age of the population	42.2	41.1	43.3	53.9	51.7	55.8
Median age of the population	43.3	41.9	44.6	59.5	57.7	60.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	69,150	...	...	700	...	...
Single-detached house	42,580	...	...	500	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,455	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	21,610	...	...	200	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,240	...	...	25	...	...
Row house	2,860	...	...	95	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,210	...	...	20	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,150	...	...	45	...	...
Other single-attached house	160	...	...	10	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	505	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	69,150	...	...	700	...	...
1 person	20,490	...	...	270	...	...
2 persons	25,560	...	...	295	...	...
3 persons	10,425	...	...	75	...	...
4 persons	8,980	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	3,705	...	...	25	...	...
Number of persons in private households	158,665	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	136,460	66,085	70,375	1,315	610	710
Married or living common law	78,430	39,170	39,260	760	385	375
Married	61,830	30,885	30,940	625	315	305
Living common law	16,605	8,290	8,315	135	65	70
Not married and not living common law	58,030	26,915	31,115	560	225	335
Never married	35,695	19,495	16,205	225	125	100
Separated	4,670	2,085	2,580	35	15	20
Divorced	7,860	3,380	4,485	115	45	75
Widowed	9,800	1,960	7,840	180	35	145
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	46,890	...	...	430	...	...
2 persons	25,755	...	...	305	...	...
3 persons	9,985	...	...	70	...	...
4 persons	8,380	...	...	40	...	...
5 or more persons	2,775	...	...	15	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	46,890	...	...	425	...	...
Total couple families	38,645	...	...	370	...	...
Married couples	30,345	...	...	300	...	...
Common-law couples	8,300	...	...	65	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	8,245	...	...	60	...	...
Female parent	6,365	...	...	55	...	...
Male parent	1,875	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	38,645	...	...	365	...	...
Couples without children	20,565	...	...	260	...	...
Couples with children	18,080	...	...	105	...	...
1 child	7,670	...	...	55	...	...
2 children	7,785	...	...	40	...	...
3 or more children	2,620	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	8,245	...	...	60	...	...
1 child	5,190	...	...	40	...	...
2 children	2,315	...	...	15	...	...
3 or more children	745	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,075	13,855	15,220	310	120	190
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	69,155	...	...	700	...	...
One-census-family households	45,185	...	...	420	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	19,835	...	...	260	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	25,350	...	...	160	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	845	...	...	5	...	...
Non-census-family households	23,125	...	...	280	...	...
One-person households	20,485	...	...	265	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	2,635	...	...	10	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	159,740	78,255	81,485	1,375	655	720
English only	96,205	48,930	47,270	1,240	595	645
French only	1,300	545	750	0	0	0
English and French	61,845	28,640	33,210	130	55	75
Neither English nor French	390	140	250	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	159,740	78,260	81,485	1,375	655	720
English	118,035	58,725	59,310	1,350	640	710
French	40,500	19,000	21,500	20	10	15
English and French	845	405	440	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	365	130	235	0	5	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	40,920	19,205	21,720	20	10	10
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	25.6	24.5	26.7	1.5	1.5	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	159,740	78,260	81,485	1,370	650	720
Single responses	156,060	76,525	79,535	1,365	650	710
Official languages	146,200	71,915	74,280	1,315	625	690
English	105,250	52,660	52,585	1,295	620	675
French	40,955	19,260	21,695	25	10	15
Non-official languages	9,860	4,610	5,250	50	25	25
Aboriginal languages	225	90	135	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	220	90	130	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	5	10	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	160	60	100	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	155	60	95	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,635	4,520	5,115	50	20	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	260	195	5	5	5
Berber languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	430	250	185	5	5	5
Amharic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Arabic	410	240	170	5	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	60	70	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	125	60	65	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	220	75	150	0	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	5	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	15	5	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	165	50	115	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	115	55	55	5	5	5
Kannada	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	10	20	5	0	5
Tamil	35	20	15	0	0	0
Telugu	40	20	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,290	2,960	3,330	30	10	20
Albanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,560	675	890	0	0	5
Baltic languages	75	40	40	0	0	0
Latvian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,485	635	850	0	0	0
Belarusan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0	0	0
Croatian	215	100	120	0	0	0
Czech	55	35	20	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	445	180	270	0	0	0
Russian	120	50	70	0	0	0
Serbian	85	45	40	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	40	20	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	20	25	0	0	0
Ukrainian	445	175	270	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	860	395	470	15	10	5
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0	0	0
Danish	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dutch	120	60	55	0	0	0
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0
German	665	290	375	10	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	135	65	65	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	705	375	335	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	640	340	300	0	0	0
Bengali	30	15	15	0	5	0
Gujarati	155	90	65	0	0	0
Hindi	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nepali	35	20	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	60	55	5	0	0
Sindhi	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Urdu	150	80	70	0	0	0
Iranian languages	65	35	30	5	0	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	55	25	30	0	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,995	1,445	1,555	5	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	2,390	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Portuguese	215	120	100	0	0	0
Romanian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Spanish	340	160	180	0	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	75	40	35	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	175	90	85	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lingala	20	10	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	15	0	0	0
Shona	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	20	15	5	0	0	0
Wolof	5	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	10	25	0	0	0
American Sign Language	10	5	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	685	335	345	0	0	5
Chinese languages	680	335	345	5	0	5
Cantonese	240	110	130	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	370	185	190	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	35	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	15	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	20	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0	0	0
Turkish	20	15	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,375	590	785	5	0	0
Estonian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Finnish	1,250	525	720	0	0	0
Hungarian	90	45	45	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,685	1,730	1,950	10	5	5
English and French	2,795	1,305	1,490	10	5	5
English and non-official language	745	360	385	5	0	0
French and non-official language	90	45	45	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	50	20	30	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	159,745	78,260	81,485	1,375	655	720
Single responses	155,405	76,280	79,125	1,360	650	710
Official languages	152,150	74,780	77,375	1,345	640	705
English	131,430	65,295	66,130	1,345	640	705
French	20,725	9,485	11,240	5	0	0
Non-official languages	3,250	1,500	1,755	20	10	10
Aboriginal languages	50	20	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	50	20	25	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	30	15	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,205	1,475	1,730	15	10	5
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	145	100	5	0	0
Berber languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	235	140	95	5	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	235	140	95	5	5	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	55	45	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	100	55	50	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85	35	50	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	30	50	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	20	30	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	5	15	5	0	0
Tamil	15	10	5	0	0	0
Telugu	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,865	835	1,035	5	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	360	150	210	0	0	0
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Latvian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	345	140	205	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	5	5	0	0	0
Croatian	70	25	40	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	105	40	60	0	0	0
Russian	50	25	20	0	0	0
Serbian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	80	25	50	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	90	45	45	0	0	0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	5	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	70	35	40	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	65	35	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	400	215	190	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	365	195	170	0	0	5
Bengali	15	10	5	0	5	0
Gujarati	100	55	45	0	0	0
Hindi	70	35	35	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nepali	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	35	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0	0	0
Urdu	80	45	35	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	20	15	0	0	5
Kurdish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	5	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	10	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	945	395	550	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	700	275	420	0	0	0
Portuguese	90	50	40	0	0	0
Romanian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Spanish	135	60	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Japanese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	45	30	25	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	30	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	410	205	200	5	5	0
Chinese languages	405	205	200	0	5	5
Cantonese	120	55	65	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	245	125	120	5	5	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	300	110	190	0	0	0
Estonian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Finnish	280	100	180	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	4,335	1,980	2,355	15	5	5
English and French	2,665	1,175	1,495	0	0	0
English and non-official language	1,525	740	780	10	5	5
French and non-official language	65	30	35	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	75	35	40	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	159,740	78,260	81,485	1,370	655	720
None	125,240	62,570	62,670	1,335	640	695
English	13,345	6,135	7,210	5	5	5
French	17,250	7,805	9,455	15	5	15
Non-official language	3,655	1,640	2,015	15	5	10
Aboriginal	285	115	175	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	3,365	1,525	1,835	15	5	5
English and French	40	20	15	0	0	0
English and non-official language	70	40	30	0	0	0
French and non-official language	130	50	85	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	133,645	65,020	68,620	1,230	580	650
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	128,980	62,935	66,050	1,195	560	630
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,896	47,120	29,938	28,800	33,707	26,155
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	129,070	62,940	66,125	1,195	560	630
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,149	41,457	27,341	26,752	30,272	24,491
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	115,735	57,680	58,055	1,060	510	545
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,556	44,936	27,194	25,056	29,760	21,824
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	93,105	41,370	51,735	955	430	520
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,023	7,344	6,907	11,168	11,600	10,816
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	95,405	50,455	44,945	685	345	345
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,813	43,794	30,145	22,592	23,360	21,269
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	133,640	65,020	68,620	1,180	535	640
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	128,725	62,770	65,950	1,145	520	625
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,445	59,079	38,324	56,271	67,421	46,982
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	128,815	62,775	66,035	1,145	520	625
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,070	47,700	32,817	43,517	49,722	38,347
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	115,625	57,530	58,100	1,025	465	565
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,162	58,383	36,051	54,066	67,215	43,218
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	93,180	41,210	51,970	880	380	500
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,402	8,492	8,330	10,244	10,392	10,132
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	95,405	50,265	45,135	695	335	370
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,098	54,546	36,689	50,605	68,004	34,895
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	133,645	65,025	68,620	1,180	530	645
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	44,395	24,580	19,815	300	140	160
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	58,529	69,263	49,215	49,957	52,343	43,625
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	67,538	77,418	55,286	94,338	133,638	59,564
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	87.4	90.6	82.7	84.1	86.4	79.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.4	73.6	65.7	47.9	54.3	40.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	12.6	9.4	17.3	15.7	12.4	20.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	133,640	65,020	68,620	1,230	580	650
Without total income	4,660	2,085	2,570	40	20	20
With total income	128,985	62,935	66,045	1,190	565	630
Percentage with total income	96.5	96.8	96.2	96.7	97.4	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,905	6,215	9,690	145	75	75
$10,000 to $19,999	20,580	7,540	13,035	225	85	140
$20,000 to $29,999	16,310	5,970	10,340	240	90	150
$30,000 to $39,999	14,935	6,720	8,220	150	80	70
$40,000 to $49,999	13,765	6,870	6,890	110	55	55
$50,000 to $59,999	11,220	5,735	5,485	70	40	30
$60,000 to $69,999	8,325	4,780	3,550	50	30	25
$70,000 to $79,999	6,120	3,635	2,480	40	20	20
$80,000 to $89,999	5,035	3,105	1,935	30	20	15
$90,000 to $99,999	4,500	2,730	1,770	20	10	10
$100,000 and over	12,280	9,630	2,645	100	60	40
$100,000 to $149,999	9,240	7,210	2,030	60	35	25
$150,000 and over	3,035	2,420	620	45	25	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	133,645	65,020	68,620	1,230	580	650
Without after-tax income	4,575	2,080	2,495	35	15	20
With after-tax income	129,070	62,940	66,125	1,190	565	630
Percentage with after-tax income	96.6	96.8	96.4	96.7	97.4	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	16,570	6,335	10,235	160	75	85
$10,000 to $19,999	21,455	7,905	13,550	245	90	150
$20,000 to $29,999	18,975	7,050	11,925	270	115	160
$30,000 to $39,999	18,385	8,840	9,545	170	85	85
$40,000 to $49,999	15,990	8,200	7,790	100	55	45
$50,000 to $59,999	11,195	6,345	4,840	70	35	35
$60,000 to $69,999	7,950	4,940	3,005	55	30	20
$70,000 to $79,999	6,840	4,305	2,535	40	25	20
$80,000 and over	11,715	9,020	2,695	85	55	35
$80,000 to $89,999	4,365	3,235	1,130	15	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,665	2,090	580	15	10	5
$100,000 and over	4,685	3,700	985	60	35	25
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	133,640	65,025	68,620	1,230	580	650
Without employment income	38,240	14,565	23,675	540	235	305
With employment income	95,405	50,455	44,950	690	345	345
Percentage with employment income	71.4	77.6	65.5	56.1	59.5	53.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15,475	8,880	6,595	135	75	60
$5,000 to $9,999	7,020	2,895	4,130	80	30	50
$10,000 to $19,999	11,125	4,640	6,490	100	50	50
$20,000 to $29,999	8,960	3,770	5,190	85	35	50
$30,000 to $39,999	8,790	3,630	5,160	85	35	55
$40,000 to $49,999	8,445	3,640	4,810	40	20	20
$50,000 to $59,999	7,340	3,650	3,685	25	15	10
$60,000 to $69,999	5,695	3,345	2,355	30	10	10
$70,000 to $79,999	4,440	2,705	1,735	20	10	10
$80,000 and over	18,105	13,305	4,800	80	55	30
$80,000 to $89,999	4,160	2,605	1,550	25	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	3,900	2,400	1,495	10	5	5
$100,000 and over	10,050	8,295	1,755	50	30	15
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	69,155	...	...	700	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	71,805	...	...	50,347	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	62,854	...	...	46,234	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	20,490	...	...	265	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,568	...	...	26,901	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,423	...	...	24,896	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	48,665	...	...	435	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	93,689	...	...	72,640	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,727	...	...	64,896	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	69,150	...	...	680	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,179	...	...	94,903	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	74,643	...	...	73,392	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	20,460	...	...	260	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	43,866	...	...	52,634	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,900	...	...	43,708	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	48,695	...	...	420	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	109,637	...	...	121,008	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,499	...	...	91,724	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	69,155	...	...	705	...	...
Under $5,000	655	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,095	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,335	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,700	...	...	45	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,110	...	...	50	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,560	...	...	45	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,660	...	...	35	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,910	...	...	45	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,860	...	...	40	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,850	...	...	35	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,215	...	...	55	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,835	...	...	45	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,195	...	...	40	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,940	...	...	40	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,550	...	...	30	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,675	...	...	150	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,360	...	...	45	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,520	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,375	...	...	40	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,420	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	69,155	...	...	700	...	...
Under $5,000	700	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,130	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,370	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,815	...	...	50	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,475	...	...	60	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,895	...	...	50	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,225	...	...	40	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,360	...	...	55	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,410	...	...	35	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,230	...	...	30	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,265	...	...	60	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,455	...	...	55	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,080	...	...	45	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,405	...	...	30	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,955	...	...	30	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,385	...	...	110	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,390	...	...	40	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,580	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,410	...	...	45	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	46,685	...	...	425	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	94,426	...	...	73,728	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,145	...	...	65,024	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	19,390	...	...	255	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,111	...	...	75,008	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,432	...	...	66,048	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	18,285	...	...	110	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	130,637	...	...	92,928	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,942	...	...	79,104	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,795	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,202	...	...	36,992	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,384	...	...	35,328	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	46,750	...	...	410	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	110,471	...	...	120,182	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,035	...	...	91,230	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	19,330	...	...	260	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	98,865	...	...	143,033	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,773	...	...	104,551	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	18,290	...	...	90	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	143,375	...	...	100,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	116,230	...	...	83,671	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,780	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,805	...	...	55,722	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,706	...	...	48,413	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	26,190	12,575	13,615	295	115	180
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,566	36,626	28,491	25,728	27,200	25,152
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,961	32,869	26,635	24,320	24,384	24,304
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	25,980	12,435	13,550	280	95	185
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,247	47,006	35,963	53,246	27,945	66,472
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,866	38,586	31,454	43,701	24,596	53,687
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	158,665	77,860	80,805	1,375	655	715
In the bottom half of the distribution	69,275	32,265	37,015	820	370	445
In the bottom decile	14,570	6,850	7,715	165	70	95
In the second decile	12,850	5,395	7,450	190	75	115
In the third decile	13,000	5,885	7,110	185	95	95
In the fourth decile	14,015	6,765	7,250	155	70	85
In the fifth decile	14,850	7,365	7,485	125	60	60
In the top half of the distribution	89,390	45,595	43,790	555	285	270
In the sixth decile	15,530	7,740	7,790	155	80	75
In the seventh decile	16,915	8,570	8,340	105	50	50
In the eighth decile	19,395	9,860	9,530	80	35	40
In the ninth decile	21,020	10,750	10,270	95	50	40
In the top decile	16,530	8,670	7,860	125	65	65
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	158,665	77,860	80,805	1,375	650	720
0 to 17 years	30,255	15,540	14,715	180	90	85
0 to 5 years	9,725	5,020	4,705	55	30	30
18 to 64 years	100,790	49,675	51,115	705	335	370
65 years and over	27,625	12,650	14,980	490	225	265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,265	9,115	11,155	280	115	165
0 to 17 years	4,960	2,560	2,400	50	25	25
0 to 5 years	1,955	1,015	940	15	5	10
18 to 64 years	12,610	5,770	6,840	150	65	85
65 years and over	2,700	785	1,915	80	30	60
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	11.7	13.8	20.4	17.7	22.9
0 to 17 years (%)	16.4	16.5	16.3	27.8	27.8	29.4
0 to 5 years (%)	20.1	20.2	20.0	27.3	16.7	33.3
18 to 64 years (%)	12.5	11.6	13.4	21.3	19.4	23.0
65 years and over (%)	9.8	6.2	12.8	16.3	13.3	22.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,095	5,325	5,765	95	50	50
0 to 17 years	2,370	1,205	1,165	20	10	5
0 to 5 years	1,030	535	495	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	8,250	3,960	4,295	70	35	35
65 years and over	475	165	310	10	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.0	6.8	7.1	6.9	7.7	6.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.9	11.1	11.1	5.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.7	10.5	9.1	16.7	0.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	8.0	8.4	9.9	10.4	9.5
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.3	2.1	2.0	0.0	1.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	158,665	77,860	80,805	1,285	585	700
Official languages	158,275	77,720	80,560	1,275	575	700
English	156,975	77,195	79,785	1,270	570	695
French	62,840	29,195	33,650	125	50	70
Non-official languages	13,585	6,455	7,130	70	25	45
Aboriginal languages	685	280	405	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	635	260	370	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	100	45	55	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	20	0	15	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	540	215	325	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ojibway	500	200	300	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	50	25	25	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	12,905	6,180	6,730	70	25	45
Afro-Asiatic languages	720	375	345	15	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	710	370	345	15	10	10
Amharic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	685	355	330	15	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	110	95	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	205	110	95	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	295	130	165	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	40	20	20	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	35	15	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	20	15	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	250	105	145	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	40	30	10	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	215	105	105	10	10	10
Kannada	10	10	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	30	20	10	10	10	10
Tamil	85	45	35	0	0	0
Telugu	115	50	70	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,540	4,025	4,520	35	10	30
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,440	645	800	0	0	0
Baltic languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Latvian	40	25	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	25	10	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,390	620	765	0	0	0
Belarusan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	295	130	165	0	0	0
Czech	70	45	30	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	395	170	230	0	0	0
Russian	115	50	70	0	0	0
Serbian	80	50	25	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	40	20	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	0	25	0	0	0
Ukrainian	400	160	240	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	0	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,125	500	625	0	0	0
Afrikaans	40	30	15	0	0	0
Danish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dutch	190	80	110	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	865	375	490	10	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	240	115	125	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,015	535	485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	925	485	430	10	10	0
Bengali	45	25	20	0	0	0
Gujarati	200	120	80	0	0	0
Hindi	475	255	215	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	20	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	25	15	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	10	10	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	175	90	85	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	25	10	0	0	0
Urdu	275	125	150	0	0	0
Iranian languages	115	70	55	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	30	25	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	90	45	40	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,880	2,320	2,560	25	0	30
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	3,340	1,615	1,725	0	0	0
Portuguese	240	130	105	0	0	0
Romanian	35	20	15	0	0	0
Spanish	1,380	595	790	25	0	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Japanese	65	25	40	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	50	35	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	280	170	105	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	30	20	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	60	30	35	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	0	15	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	25	10	15	0	0	0
Swahili	45	20	25	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	25	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	75	25	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	300	100	200	10	0	0
American Sign Language	145	50	100	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	15	0	15	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	135	50	85	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	805	460	350	20	10	0
Chinese languages	810	455	350	20	10	10
Cantonese	335	175	160	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	475	285	190	15	10	10
Min Dong	10	10	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	30	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,545	685	860	0	0	0
Estonian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Finnish	1,445	640	810	0	0	0
Hungarian	75	30	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	158,665	77,860	80,800	1,285	580	700
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	156,030	76,530	79,500	1,235	560	675
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30,060	15,485	14,575	135	65	75
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	125,970	61,050	64,920	1,100	495	600
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,640	1,330	1,310	50	25	25
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	158,665	77,860	80,805	1,280	585	700
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	148,665	73,000	75,670	1,140	530	610
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	9,295	4,465	4,830	135	45	90
Before 1981	5,335	2,500	2,835	60	15	40
1981 to 1990	720	410	315	25	10	15
1991 to 2000	830	400	430	10	0	10
2001 to 2010	1,405	690	715	30	0	25
2001 to 2005	635	300	335	10	0	10
2006 to 2010	765	390	380	20	0	15
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,005	465	535	20	10	10
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	710	400	310	0	10	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	9,295	4,465	4,825	135	45	90
Under 5 years	1,260	605	655	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	1,795	860	935	0	0	10
15 to 24 years	2,665	1,265	1,400	40	10	30
25 to 44 years	3,175	1,555	1,615	65	30	40
45 years and over	400	180	220	25	0	15
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,290	4,465	4,830	135	45	90
Americas	1,160	495	670	40	10	25
Brazil	20	0	10	0	0	0
Colombia	40	25	20	0	0	0
El Salvador	25	20	10	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	25	15	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	180	90	90	0	0	0
Mexico	40	10	35	0	0	0
Peru	25	10	20	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	30	20	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	610	260	355	35	15	25
Other places of birth in Americas	160	60	100	0	0	0
Europe	5,425	2,585	2,840	55	10	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	20	10	0	0	0
Croatia	165	80	85	0	0	0
France	110	50	60	0	0	0
Germany	545	250	295	0	0	0
Greece	150	65	85	0	0	0
Hungary	50	20	30	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	85	60	30	0	0	0
Italy	1,485	740	745	0	0	0
Netherlands	125	75	55	0	0	0
Poland	210	80	135	0	0	0
Portugal	130	70	60	0	0	0
Romania	35	20	15	0	0	0
Russian Federation	60	15	45	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	20	15	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	70	30	40	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,100	540	560	55	10	45
Other places of birth in Europe	1,050	465	585	0	0	0
Africa	585	295	290	10	0	0
Algeria	55	25	30	0	0	0
Egypt	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kenya	10	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	20	15	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	10	20	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	405	195	210	0	0	0
Asia	2,075	1,060	1,015	35	20	15
Afghanistan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Bangladesh	25	15	10	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	360	190	170	10	0	10
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	60	35	30	0	0	0
India	520	235	285	10	0	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	55	30	20	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	20	10	15	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	50	25	20	0	0	0
Lebanon	85	50	35	15	10	0
Pakistan	145	65	80	0	0	0
Philippines	245	115	125	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	60	40	25	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	10	15	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	190	100	90	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	205	125	85	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	40	30	10	0	10	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,005	465	540	20	10	10
Americas	110	60	55	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	15	0	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	70	40	35	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	0	0	0
Europe	120	55	65	10	0	10
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	15	10	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	15	10	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	30	10	20	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	20	25	0	0	0
Africa	180	70	115	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	25	15	15	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	0	25	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	20	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	25	40	0	0	0
Asia	575	275	305	10	10	10
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	55	25	30	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	170	85	90	0	0	10
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	25	20	10	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	15	10	15	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	10	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	80	35	45	0	0	0
Philippines	85	45	40	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	70	30	35	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	20	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	15	10	0	10	10	0
Australia	10	10	0	10	10	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	158,665	77,860	80,805	1,280	585	700
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	10,380	5,055	5,325	140	50	90
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	17,080	8,455	8,625	65	10	55
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	131,200	64,355	66,850	1,080	520	555
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	4,035	2,010	2,020	85	35	50
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,060	1,105	955	50	25	25
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	875	600	275	30	25	10
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,185	505	680	20	0	20
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,465	610	855	30	10	20
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	465	265	200	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	50	30	20	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	158,665	77,860	80,805	1,285	585	700
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	14,960	7,405	7,555	55	30	20
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	14,485	7,200	7,285	60	35	25
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	6,850	3,270	3,585	0	10	0
Métis	7,570	3,900	3,670	55	30	25
Inuk (Inuit)	70	35	30	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	210	95	115	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	260	105	155	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	143,705	70,455	73,250	1,225	550	675
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	158,665	77,860	80,800	1,285	580	700
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	5,510	2,680	2,830	10	10	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	153,155	75,175	77,975	1,280	580	700
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	158,665	77,860	80,800	1,285	585	700
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	3,460	1,780	1,680	10	10	10
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	3,430	1,770	1,660	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	2,385	1,160	1,230	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	1,010	605	410	10	10	0
Inuit single ancestry	30	10	25	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	35	15	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	25	10	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	16,320	8,010	8,305	55	35	25
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	15,980	7,855	8,125	55	35	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,240	3,995	4,245	20	10	15
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,625	3,805	3,820	35	25	10
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	120	55	65	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	340	155	180	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	330	150	180	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	138,880	68,070	70,815	1,210	535	670
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	158,665	77,860	80,805	1,285	580	700
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	5,990	3,090	2,900	35	20	15
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,465	770	695	10	0	10
Chinese	985	535	445	15	10	10
Black	1,455	785	670	0	0	0
Filipino	355	155	200	0	0	0
Latin American	275	105	165	0	0	0
Arab	605	305	305	15	10	10
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	325	170	160	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	120	55	60	0	0	0
Korean	90	50	40	0	0	0
Japanese	90	40	55	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	65	30	30	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	170	95	75	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	152,675	74,770	77,905	1,245	555	685
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	158,665	77,860	80,805	1,280	580	700
North American Aboriginal origins	19,785	9,795	9,990	70	45	25
First Nations (North American Indian)	10,985	5,320	5,660	20	10	15
Inuit	170	65	100	0	0	0
Métis	8,995	4,570	4,425	50	35	15
Other North American origins	73,660	35,570	38,085	585	295	295
Acadian	360	180	180	10	10	0
American	1,230	600	635	25	0	25
Canadian	72,315	34,900	37,415	560	280	280
New Brunswicker	10	15	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	190	100	85	0	10	0
Nova Scotian	50	15	35	0	0	0
Ontarian	85	45	35	0	0	0
Québécois	235	120	115	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	10	0	0	0
European origins	116,905	57,100	59,800	985	425	560
British Isles origins	63,835	31,040	32,795	770	355	415
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	10	0	0	0	0
English	31,790	15,525	16,265	500	215	285
Irish	30,345	14,285	16,065	225	130	95
Manx	20	0	10	0	0	0
Scottish	24,990	12,070	12,925	310	165	145
Welsh	2,050	960	1,090	30	25	10
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,635	1,265	1,370	20	10	15
French origins	59,885	28,785	31,100	175	65	110
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	59,885	28,785	31,100	175	65	110
Western European origins (except French origins)	17,145	8,420	8,725	315	120	195
Austrian	650	360	290	10	0	10
Bavarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Belgian	475	220	260	0	0	0
Dutch	3,670	1,745	1,930	65	15	45
Flemish	30	20	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	10	0	0	0	0
German	12,905	6,370	6,535	285	110	170
Luxembourger	10	10	10	0	0	0
Swiss	345	180	160	10	0	10
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	10,010	4,910	5,100	45	30	20
Danish	680	305	370	15	15	0
Finnish	7,365	3,695	3,675	0	0	0
Icelandic	185	65	125	0	0	0
Norwegian	830	370	465	25	10	15
Swedish	1,540	725	820	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	60	35	25	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	13,810	6,765	7,040	15	0	15
Bulgarian	40	20	25	0	0	0
Byelorussian	65	40	25	0	0	0
Czech	350	200	155	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	230	110	120	0	0	0
Estonian	215	125	90	0	0	0
Hungarian	800	375	420	0	0	0
Latvian	145	70	75	0	0	0
Lithuanian	290	110	175	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	4,815	2,420	2,395	10	0	10
Romanian	275	155	125	0	0	0
Russian	835	320	510	0	0	0
Slovak	310	135	175	0	0	0
Ukrainian	7,390	3,630	3,760	0	10	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	0	0	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	16,545	8,240	8,305	40	15	20
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	915	485	430	0	0	0
Cypriot	10	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	715	325	390	0	0	0
Italian	13,420	6,810	6,610	15	10	10
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	80	55	25	0	0	0
Maltese	65	25	45	0	0	0
Montenegrin	10	15	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	515	260	260	0	0	0
Serbian	195	130	65	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Slovenian	210	105	100	0	0	0
Spanish	730	260	470	15	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	255	130	125	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other European origins	355	175	180	15	0	10
Basque	10	0	10	10	0	10
Jewish	135	75	60	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	15	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	205	100	100	10	0	0
Caribbean origins	890	425	465	0	0	0
Antiguan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Bahamian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	45	25	25	0	0	0
Bermudan	30	10	25	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dominican	15	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	60	35	30	0	0	0
Jamaican	525	270	260	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	25	0	15	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	80	35	40	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	15	10	10	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	50	25	25	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	645	310	340	0	0	10
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Chilean	45	25	30	0	0	0
Colombian	80	55	30	0	0	0
Costa Rican	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	10	10	0	0	0
Guatemalan	25	15	10	0	0	0
Guyanese	40	15	25	0	0	0
Hispanic	25	10	15	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	195	90	110	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	90	45	40	0	0	0
Salvadorean	35	20	20	0	0	0
Uruguayan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	10	0	10	0	0	10
African origins	1,430	685	740	10	0	10
Central and West African origins	315	185	130	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	50	25	25	0	0	0
Chadian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Congolese	120	55	65	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	25	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	45	30	15	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	15	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	25	15	10	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	10	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	340	150	190	0	0	0
Algerian	85	45	40	0	0	0
Berber	20	10	10	0	0	0
Coptic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	85	35	45	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sudanese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tunisian	65	15	50	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	275	160	110	10	0	10
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Djiboutian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ethiopian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	45	25	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	10	10	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Seychellois	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	35	25	15	0	0	0
South African	65	30	35	10	0	10
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	75	55	15	0	0	0
Other African origins	530	205	330	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	70	20	50	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	485	195	290	0	0	0
Asian origins	4,735	2,450	2,280	45	25	15
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,165	620	540	15	10	0
Afghan	40	15	25	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	245	130	110	0	0	0
Armenian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	105	60	45	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Israeli	40	30	10	0	0	0
Jordanian	25	10	25	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	395	205	190	15	10	10
Palestinian	55	25	35	0	0	0
Pashtun	30	15	10	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	45	35	10	0	0	0
Syrian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tajik	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	70	35	40	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	10	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	65	30	40	0	0	0
South Asian origins	1,580	830	750	10	10	0
Bangladeshi	15	10	0	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	1,170	615	560	0	0	10
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	0	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	0	15	0	0	0
Pakistani	195	95	100	0	0	0
Punjabi	40	15	25	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	95	65	30	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	10	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	65	40	25	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	2,010	1,020	995	20	15	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese	1,205	630	570	15	10	10
Filipino	360	145	215	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	35	15	15	0	0	0
Japanese	95	45	50	0	10	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	85	50	35	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	300	165	130	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oceania origins	130	65	65	0	0	0
Australian	110	50	60	0	0	0
New Zealander	15	10	10	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	69,155	...	...	680	...	...
Owner	45,475	...	...	460	...	...
Renter	23,675	...	...	220	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	69,150	...	...	680	...	...
Condominium	1,090	...	...	65	...	...
Not condominium	68,060	...	...	615	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	69,155	...	...	680	...	...
No bedrooms	280	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	8,385	...	...	100	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,630	...	...	190	...	...
3 bedrooms	27,005	...	...	245	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,855	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	69,155	...	...	680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,140	...	...	175	...	...
5 rooms	10,540	...	...	105	...	...
6 rooms	10,850	...	...	95	...	...
7 rooms	10,345	...	...	105	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,280	...	...	200	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	69,150	...	...	680	...	...
One person or fewer per room	68,910	...	...	680	...	...
More than 1 person per room	240	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	69,155	...	...	680	...	...
Suitable	67,525	...	...	680	...	...
Not suitable	1,625	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	69,150	...	...	680	...	...
1960 or before	22,100	...	...	245	...	...
1961 to 1980	25,660	...	...	150	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,025	...	...	70	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,590	...	...	75	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,830	...	...	60	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,715	...	...	35	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,230	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	69,150	...	...	680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	64,020	...	...	620	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,130	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	69,155	...	...	680	...	...
1 household maintainer	42,245	...	...	445	...	...
2 household maintainers	25,990	...	...	225	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	915	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	69,150	...	...	680	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,555	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,720	...	...	45	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,880	...	...	55	...	...
45 to 54 years	13,890	...	...	95	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,545	...	...	170	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,275	...	...	175	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,115	...	...	105	...	...
85 years and over	2,170	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	68,975	...	...	680	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	54,120	...	...	525	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	14,855	...	...	155	...	...
30% to less than 100%	13,300	...	...	135	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	45,375	...	...	460	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	58.2	...	...	39.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	11.5	...	...	13.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,138	...	...	882	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,250	...	...	1,009	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	259,097	...	...	299,151	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	298,842	...	...	466,843	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,675	...	...	220	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	17.8	...	...	11.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	40.9	...	...	43.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	892	...	...	766	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	901	...	...	841	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	133,640	65,025	68,620	1,175	535	645
No certificate, diploma or degree	26,560	13,485	13,075	240	130	110
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	34,955	16,395	18,560	210	115	90
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	72,130	35,140	36,985	725	285	445
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,065	8,585	2,475	120	85	35
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	5,465	3,860	1,600	80	40	35
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	5,600	4,720	880	40	40	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	36,755	16,100	20,655	225	60	170
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,585	665	915	35	15	25
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	22,725	9,785	12,935	345	130	215
Bachelor's degree	16,075	6,440	9,630	210	85	125
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,715	770	940	25	10	20
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	720	445	275	10	0	10
Master's degree	3,510	1,650	1,865	75	25	55
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	710	475	230	15	10	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	86,525	42,645	43,885	615	285	330
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,310	5,270	4,040	75	45	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	21,300	10,450	10,855	105	65	35
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,910	26,925	28,990	440	170	265
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,415	5,845	1,575	75	55	15
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	3,640	2,610	1,035	45	25	15
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	3,775	3,235	540	35	30	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	29,645	13,195	16,445	160	40	120
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,100	490	615	10	0	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	17,750	7,390	10,360	190	70	120
Bachelor's degree	12,545	4,980	7,565	120	50	75
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,235	510	725	20	10	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	620	350	270	0	0	0
Master's degree	2,825	1,230	1,595	30	10	30
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	525	320	205	20	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	133,645	65,020	68,620	1,180	535	640
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	61,515	29,880	31,635	450	250	200
Education	4,235	1,040	3,200	75	0	70
13. Education	4,240	1,035	3,200	80	10	75
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,350	655	695	40	15	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	340	235	110	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,005	420	590	40	15	30
Humanities	2,810	1,055	1,750	50	20	30
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	265	30	245	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	630	165	465	25	10	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	685	255	430	15	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	25	10	15	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	260	105	160	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	100	75	10	0	10
54. History	575	360	220	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	195	40	160	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,050	2,455	5,600	65	30	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	120	35	80	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	845	260	585	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,885	170	1,715	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,520	570	955	30	15	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	205	40	160	0	0	0
42. Psychology	1,290	225	1,070	15	10	10
45. Social sciences	2,195	1,160	1,040	25	15	10
Business, management and public administration	12,395	3,715	8,685	165	40	130
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	20	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,090	380	1,710	20	10	15
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,275	3,320	6,955	145	35	115
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,800	1,535	1,265	45	25	25
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,105	410	695	15	10	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	285	125	160	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	25	0	20	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	1,185	895	290	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	195	100	100	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,755	1,020	745	10	0	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,325	870	450	15	0	15
25. Library science	145	15	135	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	260	105	150	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	30	20	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	19,200	18,095	1,105	125	115	10
04. Architecture and related services	250	185	70	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,895	1,650	240	25	25	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	5,740	5,180	555	35	30	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,315	3,245	70	20	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,550	5,445	100	25	30	0
48. Precision production	2,445	2,390	60	20	20	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,050	665	385	10	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	345	165	185	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	705	500	200	10	0	0
Health and related fields	13,180	2,185	10,990	115	15	100
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	930	470	460	15	0	15
51. Health professions and related programs	11,955	1,530	10,425	100	15	85
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	295	185	110	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,285	2,725	2,560	10	10	0
12. Personal and culinary services	2,540	670	1,865	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,605	965	635	10	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,115	1,055	60	10	10	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	10	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	86,525	42,645	43,880	615	285	330
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	30,615	15,720	14,895	180	115	65
Education	2,755	635	2,120	30	0	25
13. Education	2,755	630	2,120	30	0	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,075	535	540	30	10	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	260	175	80	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	815	355	465	30	10	20
Humanities	2,000	725	1,280	15	10	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	225	20	205	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	430	110	320	10	10	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	535	205	335	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	20	10	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	55	100	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	75	35	10	10	0
54. History	405	245	160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	120	15	110	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,625	1,935	4,695	45	15	25
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	30	60	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	745	245	505	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,560	150	1,415	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,300	445	855	20	0	15
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	180	40	140	0	0	0
42. Psychology	1,065	170	895	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	1,685	860	825	15	10	10
Business, management and public administration	9,990	2,905	7,080	105	15	90
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	20	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,790	330	1,455	10	0	10
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,170	2,565	5,600	100	20	85
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,160	1,150	1,015	25	10	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	855	330	520	15	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	80	130	10	0	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	25	0	20	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	915	660	260	10	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	160	80	80	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,515	875	645	15	0	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,165	765	405	15	0	15
25. Library science	125	10	115	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	195	80	115	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	25	20	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	14,595	13,685	905	90	75	10
04. Architecture and related services	215	160	55	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,485	1,285	200	10	10	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	4,410	3,945	465	30	20	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,360	2,305	55	20	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,290	4,215	75	15	15	0
48. Precision production	1,825	1,775	55	10	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	880	545	340	10	0	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	300	135	160	0	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	585	405	175	0	0	0
Health and related fields	10,145	1,745	8,400	70	10	55
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	685	355	335	15	0	10
51. Health professions and related programs	9,180	1,230	7,955	50	10	40
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	275	165	110	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,165	2,185	1,980	15	15	0
12. Personal and culinary services	1,930	515	1,410	10	10	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,335	820	520	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	890	840	50	10	0	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	10	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	133,640	65,025	68,620	1,175	535	645
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,510	29,875	31,635	445	250	195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	72,130	35,140	36,985	730	285	445
Location of study inside Canada	69,040	33,495	35,540	635	255	385
Same as province or territory of residence	66,170	32,010	34,160	470	190	280
Different than province or territory of residence	2,870	1,495	1,380	170	65	100
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	3,095	1,645	1,445	90	30	60
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	775	450	325	40	10	30
Philippines	150	65	90	0	0	0
India	320	155	160	10	10	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	415	225	190	30	10	20
China^{Census data footnote 162}	65	20	45	0	0	0
France	40	25	15	0	0	0
Other	1,325	710	615	15	10	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	86,525	42,645	43,880	615	285	330
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,615	15,725	14,895	175	115	65
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	55,910	26,920	28,985	435	170	265
Location of study inside Canada	53,860	25,905	27,955	375	145	230
Same as province or territory of residence	51,815	24,855	26,960	265	100	165
Different than province or territory of residence	2,045	1,050	995	110	45	65
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,050	1,020	1,030	55	25	35
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	505	275	230	10	0	10
Philippines	120	50	75	0	0	0
India	265	130	135	10	0	10
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	215	115	100	25	10	10
China^{Census data footnote 162}	50	15	40	0	0	0
France	30	15	15	0	0	0
Other	865	420	445	10	10	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	133,640	65,020	68,620	1,175	535	645
In the labour force	83,685	43,035	40,650	625	285	340
Employed	76,705	38,915	37,790	595	270	325
Unemployed	6,980	4,120	2,860	30	15	15
Not in the labour force	49,955	21,985	27,965	555	250	300
Participation rate	62.6	66.2	59.2	53.2	53.3	52.7
Employment rate	57.4	59.9	55.1	50.6	50.5	50.4
Unemployment rate	8.3	9.6	7.0	4.8	5.3	4.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	133,640	65,025	68,620	1,175	535	640
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	46,625	20,175	26,455	510	215	300
Worked	87,015	44,850	42,165	665	320	345
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	45,305	25,190	20,115	315	145	165
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	41,715	19,665	22,055	345	170	175
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.9	43.1	42.7	42.0	40.4	43.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	83,685	43,035	40,650	625	285	340
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,795	905	885	10	0	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	81,890	42,125	39,760	620	285	335
Employee	75,545	38,220	37,320	495	225	275
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	6,345	3,905	2,440	125	65	65
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	83,685	43,035	40,650	625	285	340
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,795	910	885	0	0	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	81,890	42,125	39,765	625	285	335
0 Management occupations	7,360	4,505	2,855	100	50	55
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,925	3,110	9,810	90	20	70
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,650	3,675	980	25	20	0
3 Health occupations	7,205	1,300	5,905	55	10	45
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,695	2,900	6,795	90	30	60
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,570	665	900	20	15	10
6 Sales and service occupations	19,550	8,105	11,440	135	60	80
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,415	12,815	600	70	60	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,985	3,785	205	0	10	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,540	1,280	265	25	15	10
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	83,685	43,035	40,650	625	285	340
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	1,800	910	890	0	0	10
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	81,885	42,125	39,765	620	285	335
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	465	295	165	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	6,750	6,160	590	0	0	0
22 Utilities	465	315	150	0	0	10
23 Construction	5,955	5,230	720	60	50	15
31-33 Manufacturing	3,675	3,120	560	60	35	15
41 Wholesale trade	2,635	2,095	540	10	10	10
44-45 Retail trade	10,220	4,845	5,380	80	40	40
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,265	2,535	730	15	10	10
51 Information and cultural industries	1,195	630	565	25	15	10
52 Finance and insurance	2,220	800	1,420	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,360	810	555	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,900	2,005	1,890	80	25	50
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	50	25	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,505	2,010	1,490	15	10	0
61 Educational services	6,955	2,150	4,805	35	10	25
62 Health care and social assistance	12,115	1,885	10,235	80	10	70
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,345	625	715	20	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	5,915	2,300	3,610	50	25	20
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,490	1,730	1,760	35	15	20
91 Public administration	6,380	2,530	3,850	55	20	30
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	76,705	38,915	37,790	595	270	320
Worked at home	3,170	1,415	1,760	55	20	35
Worked outside Canada	110	75	30	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	8,280	6,230	2,050	80	60	15
Worked at usual place	65,150	31,195	33,955	465	185	275
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	65,150	31,195	33,950	460	185	280
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	63,075	29,770	33,310	255	130	125
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	10	10	80	15	70
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,840	1,220	615	120	40	75
Commute to a different province or territory	215	195	25	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	73,430	37,425	36,000	540	250	285
Car, truck, van - as a driver	60,670	31,810	28,865	450	195	260
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	4,545	1,815	2,730	30	20	10
Public transit	3,630	1,500	2,130	0	0	0
Walked	3,315	1,445	1,865	55	35	20
Bicycle	315	230	90	0	0	0
Other method	950	630	320	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	73,430	37,430	36,000	535	250	290
Less than 15 minutes	24,710	11,435	13,280	230	120	115
15 to 29 minutes	30,765	15,345	15,420	70	45	30
30 to 44 minutes	12,055	6,695	5,360	80	20	60
45 to 59 minutes	3,555	2,260	1,290	90	25	60
60 minutes and over	2,340	1,695	650	60	40	25
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	73,430	37,425	36,000	540	250	285
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,765	4,705	1,060	45	30	15
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	14,440	8,810	5,635	75	45	30
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	21,080	10,235	10,840	175	75	95
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	14,500	5,375	9,130	90	20	70
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,160	2,335	3,825	70	40	25
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	11,480	5,965	5,515	80	35	45
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	89,435	46,015	43,425	685	325	355
Single responses	86,535	44,920	41,620	680	325	355
Official languages	86,385	44,840	41,550	680	325	360
English	82,270	43,745	38,530	685	330	355
French	4,115	1,095	3,020	0	0	0
Non-official languages	155	80	70	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	150	80	75	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	50	30	0	0	0
Chinese languages	85	50	30	0	0	0
Cantonese	40	20	15	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	15	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,900	1,095	1,805	0	0	0
English and French	2,775	1,030	1,750	0	0	0
English and non-official language	100	50	55	0	0	0
French and non-official language	10	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	25	20	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	89,435	46,015	43,425	685	330	360
None	70,760	37,785	32,970	645	305	335
English	2,455	715	1,740	0	0	0
French	15,710	7,210	8,495	20	10	10
Non-official language	450	260	190	20	10	10
Aboriginal	50	30	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	400	230	165	20	10	10
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	15	15	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	40	25	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	157,035	77,060	79,975	1,280	580	700
Non-movers	138,915	68,375	70,540	1,085	485	600
Movers	18,115	8,690	9,430	195	95	100
Non-migrants	13,950	6,610	7,340	120	55	65
Migrants	4,160	2,075	2,095	75	40	35
Internal migrants	3,750	1,810	1,945	75	35	35
Intraprovincial migrants	3,275	1,570	1,700	55	30	25
Interprovincial migrants	480	235	245	15	10	15
External migrants	410	260	150	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	150,520	73,660	76,860	1,240	555	680
Non-movers	98,250	48,320	49,930	770	360	415
Movers	52,270	25,340	26,930	470	200	270
Non-migrants	39,480	19,110	20,370	215	90	125
Migrants	12,795	6,230	6,565	250	110	140
Internal migrants	11,400	5,510	5,890	225	90	135
Intraprovincial migrants	9,915	4,690	5,220	140	60	85
Interprovincial migrants	1,490	815	665	85	35	50
External migrants	1,390	720	670	20	20	10

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Greater Sudbury, CV [Census subdivision], Ontario and Chester [Population centre], Nova Scotia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 2, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Greater Sudbury, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Chester [Population centre], Nova Scotia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Greater Sudbury, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Chester [Population centre], Nova Scotia

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Greater Sudbury, City [Census subdivision], Ontario and Chester [Population centre], Nova Scotia