Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Westminster, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Franklin, Rural municipality [Dissolved census subdivision], Manitoba

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	New Westminster, CY British Columbia [Census subdivision]			Franklin, RM Manitoba [Dissolved census subdivision]
	Data quality , New Westminster, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia Map : New Westminster, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia Change geography 1			Data quality : Franklin, Rural municipality [Dissolved census subdivision], Manitoba Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	70,996	...	...	1,849	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	65,976	...	...	1,768	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	7.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	34,235	...	...	766	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	32,708	...	...	645	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,543.4	...	...	1.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	15.63	...	...	953.34	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	71,000	34,780	36,215	1,850	930	925
0 to 14 years	8,825	4,570	4,260	440	200	240
0 to 4 years	3,240	1,640	1,600	130	60	70
5 to 9 years	2,955	1,575	1,380	155	70	85
10 to 14 years	2,635	1,355	1,280	155	65	85
15 to 64 years	51,350	25,490	25,860	1,145	590	555
15 to 19 years	3,135	1,600	1,535	130	65	65
20 to 24 years	4,590	2,330	2,260	100	50	45
25 to 29 years	5,865	2,860	3,005	80	40	35
30 to 34 years	6,190	3,110	3,080	105	50	55
35 to 39 years	5,455	2,740	2,720	105	50	60
40 to 44 years	4,875	2,390	2,485	105	55	50
45 to 49 years	5,560	2,760	2,800	105	60	40
50 to 54 years	5,765	2,805	2,955	155	80	75
55 to 59 years	5,390	2,670	2,720	130	65	65
60 to 64 years	4,525	2,215	2,310	130	70	60
65 years and over	10,815	4,725	6,090	270	135	135
65 to 69 years	3,750	1,775	1,970	80	40	45
70 to 74 years	2,480	1,150	1,330	85	45	40
75 to 79 years	1,750	815	935	50	25	30
80 to 84 years	1,310	525	785	25	15	15
85 years and over	1,525	460	1,070	25	10	15
85 to 89 years	940	320	615	15	5	10
90 to 94 years	435	115	325	15	5	5
95 to 99 years	135	25	110	0	0	0
100 years and over	20	0	20	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.4	13.1	11.8	23.8	21.5	25.9
15 to 64 years	72.3	73.3	71.4	61.9	63.4	60.0
65 years and over	15.2	13.6	16.8	14.6	14.5	14.6
85 years and over	2.1	1.3	3.0	1.4	1.1	1.6
Average age of the population	41.8	40.8	42.8	38.3	39.3	37.3
Median age of the population	41.5	40.4	42.5	38.7	40.9	36.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	32,705	...	...	645	...	...
Single-detached house	5,000	...	...	600	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,485	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	17,205	...	...	20	...	...
Semi-detached house	185	...	...	10	...	...
Row house	1,590	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,470	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	11,910	...	...	5	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	25	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	32,710	...	...	645	...	...
1 person	12,530	...	...	170	...	...
2 persons	10,915	...	...	245	...	...
3 persons	4,390	...	...	65	...	...
4 persons	3,140	...	...	85	...	...
5 or more persons	1,735	...	...	80	...	...
Number of persons in private households	69,905	...	...	1,665	...	...
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	62,165	30,215	31,955	1,415	730	685
Married or living common law	33,265	16,700	16,565	940	475	470
Married	26,530	13,265	13,260	850	425	425
Living common law	6,735	3,425	3,305	90	40	45
Not married and not living common law	28,905	13,515	15,390	475	255	215
Never married	18,900	10,165	8,740	340	200	135
Separated	1,815	795	1,015	20	15	5
Divorced	5,150	2,025	3,130	50	35	15
Widowed	3,040	535	2,500	70	15	50
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	19,065	...	...	470	...	...
2 persons	10,760	...	...	245	...	...
3 persons	4,225	...	...	70	...	...
4 persons	3,170	...	...	85	...	...
5 or more persons	910	...	...	70	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	19,065	...	...	470	...	...
Total couple families	16,155	...	...	435	...	...
Married couples	12,785	...	...	390	...	...
Common-law couples	3,370	...	...	45	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	2,910	...	...	40	...	...
Female parent	2,320	...	...	25	...	...
Male parent	585	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	16,160	...	...	435	...	...
Couples without children	8,675	...	...	225	...	...
Couples with children	7,480	...	...	205	...	...
1 child	3,555	...	...	60	...	...
2 children	3,035	...	...	80	...	...
3 or more children	885	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	2,910	...	...	35	...	...
1 child	2,085	...	...	25	...	...
2 children	670	...	...	10	...	...
3 or more children	155	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,270	8,810	9,460	225	130	100
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	32,705	...	...	645	...	...
One-census-family households	17,755	...	...	460	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	8,115	...	...	220	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	9,640	...	...	240	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	625	...	...	5	...	...
Non-census-family households	14,325	...	...	180	...	...
One-person households	12,530	...	...	170	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	1,795	...	...	10	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	70,230	34,395	35,835	1,850	925	925
English only	62,930	31,085	31,845	1,650	845	805
French only	40	20	20	0	0	5
English and French	5,425	2,570	2,860	185	80	105
Neither English nor French	1,830	725	1,110	15	0	5
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	70,230	34,395	35,835	1,850	925	925
English	67,150	33,005	34,140	1,745	880	865
French	795	430	365	95	45	50
English and French	480	260	230	5	5	0
Neither English nor French	1,810	710	1,100	10	5	5
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,040	555	485	90	45	50
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.5	1.6	1.4	4.9	4.9	5.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	70,230	34,395	35,835	1,850	925	920
Single responses	68,080	33,370	34,715	1,810	905	900
Official languages	43,710	22,200	21,510	1,385	700	685
English	42,925	21,775	21,150	1,295	655	635
French	790	425	360	95	45	50
Non-official languages	24,370	11,170	13,200	420	210	215
Aboriginal languages	25	10	10	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	10	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	10	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	5	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	24,345	11,160	13,185	410	205	210
Afro-Asiatic languages	820	425	395	0	0	0
Berber languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	40	25	20	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	25	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	770	395	380	0	0	0
Amharic	120	50	70	0	0	0
Arabic	550	300	255	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	85	40	45	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	295	125	165	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vietnamese	280	120	165	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,705	1,515	2,185	0	0	5
Bikol	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cebuano	170	70	100	0	0	0
Fijian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	55	15	40	0	0	0
Ilocano	155	65	95	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	145	70	70	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	20	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	15	5	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,075	1,250	1,825	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	10	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	145	75	70	0	0	0
Kannada	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	5	0	0	0
Tamil	100	50	50	0	0	0
Telugu	25	15	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	11,225	5,420	5,810	400	200	205
Albanian	75	45	35	0	0	0
Armenian	5	5	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,985	1,435	1,545	55	25	35
Baltic languages	30	15	15	0	0	5
Latvian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	2,950	1,420	1,535	60	25	35
Belarusan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	70	45	30	0	0	0
Bulgarian	220	115	110	0	0	0
Croatian	185	90	100	0	0	0
Czech	95	45	50	0	0	0
Macedonian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Polish	455	205	255	0	0	0
Russian	1,035	490	545	10	0	5
Serbian	455	235	225	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	95	40	60	0	0	0
Slovak	105	45	60	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	185	95	90	45	25	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	990	440	545	335	175	165
Afrikaans	30	15	10	0	0	0
Danish	50	25	30	0	0	0
Dutch	245	110	130	5	5	5
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0
German	585	260	320	335	165	165
Icelandic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	40	20	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	5	0	0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	90	55	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,275	2,100	2,175	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	3,440	1,670	1,765	0	0	0
Bengali	125	65	65	0	0	0
Gujarati	145	70	75	0	0	0
Hindi	545	255	290	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	15	10	5	0	0	0
Nepali	20	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,410	1,170	1,240	0	0	0
Sindhi	15	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	25	25	0	0	0
Urdu	100	55	45	0	0	0
Iranian languages	830	425	405	0	0	0
Kurdish	60	35	25	0	0	0
Pashto	45	25	25	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	725	365	355	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,795	1,340	1,460	5	0	5
Catalan	5	0	5	0	0	0
Italian	325	160	165	0	0	0
Portuguese	460	225	240	0	0	0
Romanian	740	345	395	0	0	0
Spanish	1,265	610	655	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Japanese	495	150	345	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Georgian	15	10	5	0	0	0
Korean	1,245	520	720	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	160	85	75	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	45	30	15	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	10	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	5	0	0	0
Lingala	5	5	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	0	0	0	0
Swahili	30	20	10	0	0	0
Wolof	5	0	5	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dinka	15	5	5	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	15	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,565	2,505	3,060	5	0	5
Chinese languages	5,515	2,490	3,030	10	0	5
Cantonese	2,105	965	1,135	0	0	0
Hakka	40	15	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	3,015	1,350	1,670	5	5	5
Min Dong	5	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	140	65	75	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	80	35	45	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	130	65	70	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	30	0	0	0
Burmese	5	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	40	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	30	60	0	0	0
Lao	5	0	5	0	0	0
Thai	85	30	55	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	120	75	50	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	30	20	10	0	0	0
Turkish	75	45	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	5	5	5	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	5	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	340	155	180	5	0	0
Estonian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Finnish	60	20	40	0	0	0
Hungarian	260	130	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,150	1,025	1,125	45	20	25
English and French	150	90	65	5	5	0
English and non-official language	1,895	890	1,000	35	15	20
French and non-official language	55	30	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	40	20	25	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	70,230	34,400	35,835	1,850	925	925
Single responses	65,175	32,040	33,135	1,790	895	895
Official languages	52,345	26,020	26,330	1,595	805	790
English	52,155	25,910	26,245	1,555	785	765
French	190	110	85	40	20	20
Non-official languages	12,825	6,020	6,800	195	85	105
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	12,825	6,020	6,800	195	85	110
Afro-Asiatic languages	500	230	265	0	0	0
Berber languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	5	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	15	5	10	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	475	225	245	0	0	0
Amharic	70	30	40	0	0	0
Arabic	350	170	185	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	45	20	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	70	80	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,555	700	855	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	75	35	40	0	0	0
Fijian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	5	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	50	20	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	65	35	25	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,320	590	730	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	85	40	40	0	0	0
Kannada	5	5	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	65	30	35	0	0	0
Telugu	10	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,465	2,655	2,815	190	85	100
Albanian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,580	775	800	10	0	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,580	780	800	10	0	10
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	165	80	85	0	0	0
Croatian	60	25	30	0	0	0
Czech	25	15	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Polish	175	90	85	0	0	0
Russian	680	335	340	5	0	0
Serbian	275	140	135	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	25	0	0	0
Slovak	50	20	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	65	35	30	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	100	40	55	180	85	95
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	15	5	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	65	30	30	175	80	95
Icelandic	5	0	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Greek	20	10	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,430	1,175	1,255	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,900	920	985	0	0	0
Bengali	75	35	40	0	0	0
Gujarati	55	25	30	0	0	0
Hindi	230	105	125	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	15	5	10	0	0	0
Nepali	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	5	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,420	695	725	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Urdu	50	20	25	0	0	0
Iranian languages	530	255	275	0	0	0
Kurdish	50	25	25	0	0	0
Pashto	35	15	20	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	450	215	235	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,285	625	665	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	50	20	30	0	0	0
Portuguese	220	115	110	0	0	0
Romanian	425	200	225	0	0	0
Spanish	595	290	305	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	200	80	125	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Korean	915	410	505	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mongolian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	20	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Dinka	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
American Sign Language	20	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,660	1,690	1,970	5	0	5
Chinese languages	3,630	1,675	1,960	5	0	5
Cantonese	1,215	560	655	0	0	0
Hakka	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,240	1,035	1,210	5	0	5
Min Dong	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	20	30	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	20	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	5	0	0	0
Thai	30	15	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	40	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	10	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	45	25	20	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	5	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	95	40	50	0	0	0
Estonian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	5	0	0	0
Hungarian	85	40	45	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0	0	0
Multiple responses	5,055	2,355	2,705	60	35	25
English and French	95	55	40	10	5	5
English and non-official language	4,860	2,250	2,605	50	30	25
French and non-official language	20	5	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	85	40	45	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	70,230	34,395	35,835	1,850	925	925
None	56,715	28,060	28,650	1,630	820	805
English	5,490	2,670	2,825	90	40	50
French	600	290	305	50	20	30
Non-official language	7,165	3,250	3,910	85	45	35
Aboriginal	20	15	5	5	5	5
Non-Aboriginal	7,140	3,235	3,905	80	45	35
English and French	30	20	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	155	65	85	0	0	0
French and non-official language	80	35	45	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	61,100	29,770	31,330	1,295	680	615
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	59,085	28,825	30,265	1,230	655	580
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,662	41,871	32,156	29,024	34,496	23,962
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	59,170	28,905	30,270	1,235	655	575
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,642	36,273	29,355	26,278	30,576	22,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	53,530	26,525	27,005	1,120	615	505
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,508	42,190	31,382	26,389	32,000	21,739
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	39,705	17,190	22,515	935	455	480
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,665	1,484	3,450	5,008	3,408	5,552
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	46,730	23,670	23,060	935	530	410
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,006	43,034	33,319	26,080	30,379	23,008
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	61,100	29,760	31,340	1,240	635	610
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	59,050	28,865	30,180	1,210	635	575
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,294	50,228	38,617	33,298	39,378	26,599
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	59,135	28,950	30,185	1,210	630	575
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,305	41,304	33,470	28,935	33,829	23,542
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	53,495	26,515	26,985	1,085	585	500
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,144	50,638	37,764	30,001	36,086	22,888
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	39,890	17,380	22,515	920	450	475
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,368	6,184	6,511	8,179	8,318	8,047
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	46,735	23,595	23,140	905	510	400
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,347	50,506	38,068	30,376	35,334	24,043
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	61,100	29,760	31,345	1,240	635	610
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	22,280	12,385	9,895	420	260	150
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	54,578	59,072	50,284	39,313	45,833	34,501
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	62,137	67,254	55,732	39,710	42,617	34,790
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	90.3	92.7	87.3	84.0	87.2	78.5
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	78.8	81.7	75.2	68.7	71.0	64.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	9.7	7.3	12.8	16.3	12.6	21.4
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	61,095	29,765	31,330	1,300	675	615
Without total income	2,010	940	1,070	65	25	40
With total income	59,090	28,825	30,265	1,230	655	575
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.8	96.6	94.6	97.0	93.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,200	3,500	4,700	205	95	110
$10,000 to $19,999	9,305	3,945	5,360	240	95	140
$20,000 to $29,999	7,420	3,170	4,250	195	90	100
$30,000 to $39,999	6,970	3,205	3,755	180	95	75
$40,000 to $49,999	6,810	3,220	3,590	145	85	55
$50,000 to $59,999	5,380	2,720	2,660	100	65	35
$60,000 to $69,999	4,055	2,245	1,815	70	45	30
$70,000 to $79,999	3,050	1,735	1,315	30	25	5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,330	1,350	985	35	20	10
$90,000 to $99,999	1,600	970	635	10	10	5
$100,000 and over	3,960	2,760	1,190	30	20	10
$100,000 to $149,999	2,955	2,005	955	30	20	10
$150,000 and over	995	760	240	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	61,100	29,770	31,330	1,295	680	620
Without after-tax income	1,930	865	1,065	65	25	40
With after-tax income	59,170	28,905	30,270	1,235	655	580
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	97.1	96.6	95.4	96.3	93.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,470	3,690	4,785	210	95	110
$10,000 to $19,999	9,790	4,215	5,575	245	110	140
$20,000 to $29,999	9,100	4,005	5,090	235	120	120
$30,000 to $39,999	8,750	4,120	4,625	220	125	95
$40,000 to $49,999	7,520	3,670	3,850	150	95	55
$50,000 to $59,999	5,305	2,895	2,405	80	50	25
$60,000 to $69,999	3,695	2,100	1,595	45	35	15
$70,000 to $79,999	2,520	1,455	1,065	25	10	10
$80,000 and over	4,025	2,750	1,275	30	20	5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,470	935	535	15	10	5
$90,000 to $99,999	885	590	295	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	1,670	1,230	445	5	5	5
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	61,100	29,770	31,330	1,295	675	615
Without employment income	14,370	6,095	8,270	360	150	210
With employment income	46,730	23,670	23,060	935	530	410
Percentage with employment income	76.5	79.5	73.6	72.2	78.5	66.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,890	2,585	3,310	185	95	85
$5,000 to $9,999	2,850	1,205	1,640	80	45	35
$10,000 to $19,999	5,495	2,505	2,995	115	60	55
$20,000 to $29,999	4,990	2,295	2,700	135	65	65
$30,000 to $39,999	5,250	2,465	2,785	125	70	55
$40,000 to $49,999	5,390	2,585	2,805	105	60	40
$50,000 to $59,999	4,265	2,215	2,055	65	40	25
$60,000 to $69,999	3,425	1,925	1,495	50	40	10
$70,000 to $79,999	2,570	1,505	1,070	25	25	5
$80,000 and over	6,600	4,390	2,210	50	35	20
$80,000 to $89,999	1,990	1,185	805	30	15	15
$90,000 to $99,999	1,375	845	530	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	3,235	2,355	875	15	15	5
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	32,705	...	...	645	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	64,695	...	...	56,864	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,143	...	...	49,856	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	12,530	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,000	...	...	29,504	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,490	...	...	27,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	20,180	...	...	470	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,283	...	...	68,096	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,192	...	...	59,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	32,710	...	...	640	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	79,968	...	...	62,409	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,444	...	...	54,231	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,535	...	...	185	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,195	...	...	32,285	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,352	...	...	27,678	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	20,165	...	...	455	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,586	...	...	74,608	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,530	...	...	64,985	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	32,705	...	...	645	...	...
Under $5,000	870	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	480	...	...	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,130	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,420	...	...	30	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,460	...	...	35	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,285	...	...	30	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,415	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,460	...	...	35	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,475	...	...	40	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,460	...	...	40	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,680	...	...	70	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,385	...	...	60	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,275	...	...	55	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,970	...	...	45	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,720	...	...	30	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,235	...	...	105	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,275	...	...	50	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,135	...	...	25	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,295	...	...	30	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,535	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	32,710	...	...	645	...	...
Under $5,000	895	...	...	15	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	475	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,140	...	...	20	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,480	...	...	30	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,700	...	...	40	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,665	...	...	35	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,750	...	...	40	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,815	...	...	45	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,775	...	...	45	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,700	...	...	50	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,000	...	...	75	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,695	...	...	65	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,405	...	...	55	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,925	...	...	35	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,620	...	...	30	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,655	...	...	65	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,955	...	...	35	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,680	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,025	...	...	10	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	18,860	...	...	470	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	90,463	...	...	67,840	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,083	...	...	59,776	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	7,950	...	...	220	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,741	...	...	61,995	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	74,761	...	...	54,080	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	7,445	...	...	205	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,872	...	...	78,933	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	95,832	...	...	69,376	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,730	...	...	35	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,764	...	...	52,352	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,040	...	...	46,720	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	18,865	...	...	455	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	102,779	...	...	74,311	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,336	...	...	64,820	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	7,970	...	...	210	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	95,284	...	...	67,904	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,744	...	...	59,259	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	7,405	...	...	205	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	125,520	...	...	86,625	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	104,946	...	...	74,967	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,780	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,271	...	...	48,283	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,026	...	...	45,369	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	16,395	8,075	8,320	185	115	70
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,232	37,028	33,502	29,504	34,688	25,920
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,429	32,704	30,171	27,328	30,528	25,152
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	16,440	8,085	8,355	200	115	80
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,163	42,416	39,951	33,254	36,353	28,713
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,115	35,790	34,461	28,330	30,049	25,811
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	69,905	34,325	35,575	1,670	845	825
In the bottom half of the distribution	33,805	16,150	17,655	1,160	570	590
In the bottom decile	7,975	3,850	4,125	235	120	115
In the second decile	6,595	3,020	3,575	290	145	150
In the third decile	6,130	2,915	3,215	235	100	135
In the fourth decile	6,475	3,115	3,360	220	115	105
In the fifth decile	6,620	3,245	3,375	180	95	80
In the top half of the distribution	36,105	18,180	17,925	510	275	235
In the sixth decile	6,855	3,400	3,460	170	95	75
In the seventh decile	7,385	3,705	3,680	125	65	60
In the eighth decile	7,615	3,855	3,765	145	75	65
In the ninth decile	7,915	4,000	3,910	45	25	20
In the top decile	6,330	3,220	3,105	20	10	10
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	69,905	34,330	35,580	1,670	845	825
0 to 17 years	10,535	5,470	5,065	435	200	235
0 to 5 years	3,845	1,960	1,885	135	60	75
18 to 64 years	49,260	24,335	24,925	980	515	460
65 years and over	10,110	4,525	5,585	255	130	120
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,885	5,130	5,755	425	210	215
0 to 17 years	1,790	945	840	150	65	85
0 to 5 years	665	340	325	60	25	35
18 to 64 years	7,195	3,425	3,775	205	110	90
65 years and over	1,900	760	1,145	75	35	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.6	14.9	16.2	25.4	24.9	26.1
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	17.3	16.6	34.5	32.5	36.2
0 to 5 years (%)	17.3	17.3	17.2	44.4	41.7	46.7
18 to 64 years (%)	14.6	14.1	15.1	20.9	21.4	19.6
65 years and over (%)	18.8	16.8	20.5	29.4	26.9	29.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,265	4,435	4,830	110	55	55
0 to 17 years	1,400	730	675	30	10	20
0 to 5 years	510	260	245	5	5	5
18 to 64 years	6,585	3,195	3,390	70	45	25
65 years and over	1,275	505	770	10	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.3	12.9	13.6	6.6	6.5	6.7
0 to 17 years (%)	13.3	13.3	13.3	6.9	5.0	8.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.3	13.3	13.0	3.7	8.3	6.7
18 to 64 years (%)	13.4	13.1	13.6	7.1	8.7	5.4
65 years and over (%)	12.6	11.2	13.8	3.9	0.0	4.2
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	69,905	34,330	35,575	1,620	770	845
Official languages	68,135	33,595	34,540	1,605	770	830
English	68,100	33,575	34,525	1,605	770	835
French	5,530	2,570	2,955	220	90	125
Non-official languages	29,490	13,805	15,685	375	180	195
Aboriginal languages	15	10	10	0	10	0
Algonquian languages	0	10	0	10	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	10	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	29,480	13,795	15,685	375	180	195
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,110	585	525	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	10	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	15	10	10	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,095	575	515	0	0	0
Amharic	190	100	90	0	0	0
Arabic	785	420	365	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	0	15	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	60	35	30	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	130	75	50	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	290	125	165	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	265	115	155	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	4,710	1,970	2,740	0	0	0
Bikol	30	15	15	0	0	0
Cebuano	225	90	130	0	0	0
Fijian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	30	10	20	0	0	0
Ilocano	220	90	130	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	275	140	135	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	15	25	0	0	0
Pangasinan	25	0	20	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,330	1,780	2,545	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0	0	0
Creole languages	60	35	25	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	270	130	140	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	55	25	30	0	0	0
Tamil	190	90	100	0	0	0
Telugu	35	20	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	14,225	6,925	7,300	370	170	195
Albanian	55	35	20	0	0	0
Armenian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,290	1,560	1,725	115	60	55
Baltic languages	40	20	15	0	0	0
Latvian	30	15	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	3,250	1,540	1,710	115	60	55
Belarusan	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	95	50	40	0	0	0
Bulgarian	250	120	130	10	10	0
Croatian	335	150	180	0	0	0
Czech	135	60	75	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Polish	555	260	300	0	0	0
Russian	1,295	615	675	35	15	15
Serbian	465	220	245	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	80	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	120	65	55	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	380	195	180	85	35	45
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	10	0	0	0
Welsh	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,630	770	860	260	125	140
Afrikaans	80	50	30	0	0	0
Danish	70	30	40	0	0	0
Dutch	360	170	195	10	10	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	1,050	505	545	255	120	135
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Swedish	90	50	45	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Greek	130	95	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5,155	2,510	2,645	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	4,450	2,130	2,320	0	0	0
Bengali	185	105	80	0	0	0
Gujarati	155	60	90	0	0	0
Hindi	1,530	730	800	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	0	10	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	10	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	55	25	30	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,955	1,405	1,550	0	0	0
Sindhi	55	15	35	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0	0	0
Urdu	245	145	95	0	0	0
Iranian languages	760	410	345	0	0	0
Kurdish	50	35	15	0	0	0
Pashto	55	45	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	700	370	330	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,360	2,140	2,220	15	10	10
Catalan	30	10	15	0	0	0
Italian	670	325	345	0	0	0
Portuguese	565	300	270	0	0	0
Romanian	820	380	440	0	0	0
Spanish	2,510	1,240	1,270	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	945	440	505	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,395	645	750	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	300	175	125	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	35	30	10	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	15	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	20	15	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	115	80	30	0	0	0
Wolof	10	10	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	40	65	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	10	0	0	0
Dinka	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	165	45	120	0	0	0
American Sign Language	130	35	95	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	10	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,030	2,780	3,250	0	0	0
Chinese languages	6,010	2,775	3,230	0	0	0
Cantonese	2,495	1,170	1,320	0	0	0
Hakka	40	20	15	0	0	0
Mandarin	4,000	1,810	2,195	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	180	90	90	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	25	35	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	145	80	65	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	0	20	0	0	0
Burmese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	20	0	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	145	50	95	0	0	0
Lao	20	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	125	45	85	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	245	145	100	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	45	25	25	0	0	0
Turkish	200	120	80	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	425	170	250	0	10	0
Estonian	20	0	20	0	0	0
Finnish	105	35	75	0	0	0
Hungarian	295	135	160	10	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	69,905	34,330	35,575	1,620	775	845
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	61,955	30,500	31,455	1,575	745	830
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,725	4,995	4,735	420	155	265
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	52,230	25,510	26,720	1,160	595	565
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	7,945	3,825	4,125	35	25	15
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	69,905	34,325	35,575	1,615	775	840
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	43,330	21,910	21,425	1,455	690	760
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	24,375	11,315	13,060	165	85	80
Before 1981	5,025	2,425	2,605	50	25	25
1981 to 1990	2,615	1,205	1,410	15	0	10
1991 to 2000	5,795	2,660	3,140	10	0	10
2001 to 2010	7,435	3,350	4,085	85	40	40
2001 to 2005	3,500	1,590	1,915	35	20	20
2006 to 2010	3,935	1,765	2,175	50	25	20
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	3,500	1,680	1,820	0	10	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	2,200	1,100	1,095	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	24,375	11,315	13,055	165	85	80
Under 5 years	1,970	975	995	40	15	30
5 to 14 years	4,140	2,180	1,960	30	15	15
15 to 24 years	4,615	2,145	2,470	25	20	10
25 to 44 years	11,085	4,865	6,215	50	30	20
45 years and over	2,570	1,150	1,420	20	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	24,375	11,315	13,060	165	85	80
Americas	2,335	1,115	1,220	90	50	40
Brazil	120	45	75	0	0	0
Colombia	120	65	60	0	0	0
El Salvador	190	105	90	0	0	0
Guyana	40	15	25	0	0	0
Haiti	15	10	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	110	45	60	0	0	0
Mexico	285	135	150	25	10	15
Peru	70	30	40	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	130	40	95	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	810	430	380	20	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	450	210	245	50	35	10
Europe	6,200	2,990	3,210	75	35	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	285	140	145	0	0	0
Croatia	185	95	90	0	0	0
France	70	30	35	0	0	0
Germany	365	155	205	45	15	25
Greece	40	35	10	0	0	0
Hungary	165	80	80	10	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	70	40	25	0	0	0
Italy	160	100	65	0	0	0
Netherlands	205	105	105	10	10	10
Poland	420	180	240	0	0	0
Portugal	180	95	90	0	0	0
Romania	695	330	365	0	0	0
Russian Federation	425	195	225	0	10	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	235	120	115	0	0	0
Ukraine	325	170	160	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,495	725	765	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	875	395	485	0	0	0
Africa	1,060	590	470	0	0	0
Algeria	10	10	0	0	0	0
Egypt	50	30	20	0	0	0
Ethiopia	115	55	65	0	0	0
Kenya	90	45	45	0	0	0
Morocco	30	10	20	0	0	0
Nigeria	50	25	30	0	0	0
Somalia	10	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	130	65	70	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	575	350	225	0	0	0
Asia	14,165	6,335	7,825	0	0	0
Afghanistan	290	155	140	0	0	0
Bangladesh	125	75	55	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,555	1,125	1,430	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	815	375	435	0	0	0
India	1,970	940	1,025	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	335	195	140	0	0	0
Iraq	215	125	90	0	0	0
Japan	345	120	225	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	970	400	570	0	0	0
Lebanon	75	40	35	0	0	0
Pakistan	130	65	65	0	0	0
Philippines	4,325	1,810	2,515	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	105	45	60	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	50	25	25	0	0	0
Taiwan	570	240	330	0	0	0
Viet Nam	200	95	100	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,085	510	575	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	615	280	330	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	3,495	1,680	1,820	0	0	0
Americas	400	195	200	0	0	0
Brazil	25	0	15	0	0	0
Colombia	35	15	20	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	90	35	55	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	150	90	65	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	15	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	85	45	40	0	0	0
Europe	515	245	270	10	10	0
France	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germany	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Romania	85	30	50	0	0	0
Russian Federation	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ukraine	70	35	35	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	90	65	20	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	170	75	95	0	0	0
Africa	165	110	60	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	25	15	10	0	0	0
Eritrea	45	35	10	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	0	10	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	10	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	25	10	0	0	0
Asia	2,395	1,110	1,280	0	0	0
Afghanistan	85	50	35	0	0	0
Bangladesh	50	30	20	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	435	165	270	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	25	20	10	0	0	0
India	320	140	180	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	90	55	35	0	0	0
Iraq	55	35	20	0	0	0
Israel	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	60	20	40	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	140	55	85	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	0	25	0	0	0
Philippines	815	410	405	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	35	25	15	0	0	0
Taiwan	60	25	35	0	0	0
Turkey	10	10	10	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	20	10	10	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	115	40	75	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	30	20	10	0	0	0
Australia	20	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	69,905	34,325	35,575	1,615	775	845
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	27,050	12,680	14,370	165	80	90
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	17,335	8,725	8,610	285	125	160
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	25,520	12,925	12,595	1,160	565	600
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	19,695	9,060	10,635	120	55	65
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	11,125	5,185	5,940	70	30	40
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	4,670	2,395	2,275	25	20	10
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	6,455	2,795	3,665	45	15	30
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	6,045	2,565	3,485	45	25	25
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	2,405	1,250	1,155	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	120	60	60	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	69,905	34,325	35,580	1,615	775	845
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	2,295	1,070	1,225	195	85	110
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	2,215	1,050	1,170	195	90	105
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,320	610	710	60	30	30
Métis	895	440	455	135	60	80
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	40	15	20	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	40	10	30	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	67,610	33,260	34,355	1,420	685	735
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	69,905	34,325	35,575	1,620	770	845
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	870	380	495	60	30	30
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	69,035	33,950	35,085	1,555	740	810
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	69,905	34,330	35,575	1,615	770	840
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	470	205	265	45	25	20
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	470	210	265	50	25	20
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	395	175	225	40	15	15
Métis single ancestry	75	35	45	15	10	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,430	1,220	1,210	160	50	110
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,310	1,170	1,140	160	50	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,575	785	790	50	20	30
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	735	385	345	110	30	80
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	120	50	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	125	50	70	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	67,005	32,900	34,105	1,405	700	710
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	69,905	34,330	35,575	1,620	775	845
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	27,210	12,770	14,440	10	10	10
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	5,790	2,750	3,040	0	0	0
Chinese	7,020	3,285	3,735	0	0	0
Black	1,740	930	815	10	10	10
Filipino	5,755	2,580	3,180	0	0	0
Latin American	1,275	660	610	0	0	0
Arab	570	305	270	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	795	340	455	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	730	390	335	0	0	0
Korean	1,500	700	800	0	0	0
Japanese	945	375	570	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	215	95	125	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	870	365	500	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	42,695	21,555	21,140	1,605	770	840
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	69,905	34,330	35,580	1,615	775	845
North American Aboriginal origins	2,905	1,430	1,475	205	75	135
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,095	1,005	1,085	85	40	50
Inuit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis	935	475	460	120	40	85
Other North American origins	11,085	5,695	5,395	545	255	285
Acadian	90	30	60	0	0	0
American	1,060	560	500	15	15	0
Canadian	10,345	5,305	5,035	540	250	285
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Québécois	15	10	10	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	0	0	0	0
European origins	42,185	21,095	21,090	1,255	590	665
British Isles origins	26,440	13,255	13,185	340	160	180
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	0	0	10	0	0	0
English	15,710	7,745	7,965	190	100	90
Irish	10,290	5,035	5,255	110	50	65
Manx	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish	12,375	6,120	6,250	175	90	85
Welsh	1,550	705	845	10	10	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	1,790	860	930	0	0	0
French origins	5,335	2,515	2,820	225	100	125
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	10	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	5,335	2,520	2,820	225	95	125
Western European origins (except French origins)	10,415	5,110	5,310	595	275	325
Austrian	820	410	410	10	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	265	120	145	0	0	0
Dutch	2,490	1,245	1,245	80	45	35
Flemish	50	20	25	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	10	0	0	0
German	7,460	3,675	3,785	565	255	305
Luxembourger	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss	345	175	170	10	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	10	25	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	4,635	2,125	2,510	65	25	35
Danish	720	350	365	0	0	0
Finnish	570	255	315	0	0	0
Icelandic	370	195	165	0	0	0
Norwegian	1,740	785	955	40	10	25
Swedish	1,580	650	930	30	15	15
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	210	110	100	0	0	0
Eastern European origins	9,995	4,860	5,135	445	205	245
Bulgarian	285	130	150	0	0	0
Byelorussian	65	40	20	10	10	0
Czech	395	245	150	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	35	15	15	0	0	0
Estonian	100	45	55	0	0	0
Hungarian	880	405	480	15	0	10
Latvian	120	50	65	0	0	0
Lithuanian	120	55	70	0	0	0
Moldovan	75	25	45	0	0	0
Polish	2,515	1,225	1,290	95	35	55
Romanian	1,110	510	605	0	0	0
Russian	2,295	1,060	1,230	115	50	65
Slovak	295	145	155	0	0	0
Ukrainian	3,660	1,855	1,810	330	155	175
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Southern European origins	7,120	3,640	3,480	30	15	25
Albanian	75	45	30	0	0	0
Bosnian	130	65	65	0	0	0
Catalan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Croatian	620	305	315	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	10	0	0	0	0
Greek	465	265	200	0	0	0
Italian	2,735	1,400	1,335	25	10	15
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	40	25	15	0	10	0
Maltese	30	20	10	0	0	0
Montenegrin	45	10	30	0	0	0
Portuguese	970	510	465	0	0	0
Serbian	575	320	250	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Slovenian	80	30	55	0	0	0
Spanish	1,890	920	970	10	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	160	65	95	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	520	305	210	0	0	0
Basque	15	10	0	0	0	0
Jewish	265	155	115	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	240	150	90	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	720	345	375	10	10	10
Antiguan	25	20	10	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	45	20	25	0	0	0
Bermudan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	35	20	15	0	0	0
Dominican	20	10	10	0	0	0
Grenadian	35	20	20	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Jamaican	275	140	130	10	10	10
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	25	10	15	0	0	0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	120	50	70	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	0	10	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	50	15	40	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	95	50	45	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	1,830	935	900	0	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	90	40	50	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Belizean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Brazilian	150	70	80	0	0	0
Chilean	155	65	95	0	0	0
Colombian	235	140	90	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	20	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	75	35	40	0	0	0
Guyanese	40	30	10	0	0	0
Hispanic	80	60	25	0	0	0
Honduran	30	10	15	0	0	0
Maya	25	15	10	0	0	0
Mexican	495	250	250	10	0	10
Nicaraguan	25	10	15	0	0	0
Panamanian	25	15	10	0	0	0
Paraguayan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Peruvian	45	15	30	0	0	0
Salvadorean	135	75	60	0	0	0
Uruguayan	25	20	10	0	0	0
Venezuelan	75	25	45	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	100	50	50	0	0	0
African origins	1,860	1,045	815	0	0	0
Central and West African origins	285	160	120	0	0	0
Akan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	10	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	40	30	10	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	70	40	25	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	15	10	0	0	0	0
Liberian	40	15	20	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	60	30	25	0	0	0
Peulh	20	0	15	0	0	0
Senegalese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	25	10	15	0	0	0
North African origins	330	170	155	0	0	0
Algerian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dinka	15	10	15	0	0	0
Egyptian	70	55	15	0	0	0
Libyan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	70	30	45	0	0	0
Sudanese	135	55	80	0	0	0
Tunisian	15	10	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	695	400	300	0	0	0
Afrikaner	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	10	0	10	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	120	75	45	0	0	0
Ethiopian	160	85	75	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	50	25	25	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	10	0	0	0
Mauritian	35	25	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	20	15	0	0	0	0
South African	150	95	55	0	0	0
Tanzanian	20	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Ugandan	35	15	20	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	15	15	0	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	75	45	25	0	0	0
Other African origins	565	320	245	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	45	25	15	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	525	295	230	0	0	0
Asian origins	24,480	11,390	13,095	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,990	1,055	935	0	0	0
Afghan	355	185	170	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	120	55	60	0	0	0
Armenian	80	45	40	0	0	0
Assyrian	25	0	15	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	55	30	25	0	0	0
Georgian	25	15	0	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	500	265	235	0	0	0
Iraqi	250	130	115	0	0	0
Israeli	60	20	40	0	0	0
Jordanian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kazakh	25	15	10	0	0	0
Kurd	55	40	10	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	155	85	65	0	0	0
Palestinian	75	35	35	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	55	40	15	0	0	0
Tajik	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tatar	25	10	15	0	0	0
Turk	190	105	90	0	0	0
Turkmen	10	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	10	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	15	10	10	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	85	30	55	0	0	0
South Asian origins	5,685	2,725	2,960	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	85	35	50	0	0	0
Bengali	65	40	25	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	4,785	2,290	2,500	0	0	0
Goan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	30	10	20	0	0	0
Pakistani	200	100	100	0	0	0
Punjabi	395	195	200	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	15	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	140	55	90	0	0	0
Tamil	60	30	30	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	200	105	95	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	16,970	7,705	9,260	0	0	0
Burmese	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	35	15	15	0	0	0
Chinese	8,310	3,825	4,480	0	0	0
Filipino	6,125	2,730	3,395	0	0	0
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	230	105	125	0	0	0
Japanese	1,170	475	695	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,540	705	835	0	0	0
Laotian	45	15	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	180	85	100	0	0	0
Mongolian	40	25	10	0	0	0
Singaporean	30	20	10	0	0	0
Taiwanese	255	125	135	0	0	0
Thai	170	80	90	0	0	0
Tibetan	20	10	10	0	0	0
Vietnamese	380	180	205	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	15	0	15	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	70	35	35	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	70	35	30	0	0	0
Oceania origins	965	475	490	0	0	10
Australian	280	145	135	0	0	0
New Zealander	140	80	50	0	0	10
Pacific Islands origins	550	250	300	0	0	0
Fijian	525	225	300	0	0	0
Hawaiian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	10	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	32,710	...	...	645	...	...
Owner	18,340	...	...	560	...	...
Renter	14,370	...	...	85	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	32,710	...	...	645	...	...
Condominium	13,930	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	18,780	...	...	645	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	32,710	...	...	640	...	...
No bedrooms	690	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	10,765	...	...	40	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,565	...	...	165	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,490	...	...	270	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,205	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	32,710	...	...	640	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	19,440	...	...	100	...	...
5 rooms	4,480	...	...	135	...	...
6 rooms	2,605	...	...	105	...	...
7 rooms	1,760	...	...	105	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,425	...	...	200	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.7	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	32,710	...	...	640	...	...
One person or fewer per room	31,635	...	...	635	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,075	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	32,710	...	...	645	...	...
Suitable	30,090	...	...	625	...	...
Not suitable	2,615	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	32,710	...	...	645	...	...
1960 or before	6,990	...	...	220	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,405	...	...	205	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,300	...	...	40	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,160	...	...	55	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,525	...	...	30	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,700	...	...	55	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	2,630	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	32,710	...	...	645	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	30,150	...	...	580	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,560	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	32,705	...	...	645	...	...
1 household maintainer	20,185	...	...	385	...	...
2 household maintainers	11,635	...	...	245	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	895	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	32,705	...	...	645	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,100	...	...	15	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,730	...	...	85	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,695	...	...	75	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,945	...	...	130	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,345	...	...	125	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,050	...	...	110	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,080	...	...	80	...	...
85 years and over	765	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	32,665	...	...	520	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,445	...	...	455	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,220	...	...	65	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,600	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,325	...	...	445	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	67.0	...	...	49.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	24.2	...	...	11.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,406	...	...	555	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,521	...	...	705	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	470,537	...	...	150,348	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	635,451	...	...	179,691	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,370	...	...	75	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	11.6	...	...	33.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	40.3	...	...	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	956	...	...	501	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,045	...	...	485	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	61,100	29,755	31,345	1,245	630	610
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,015	3,510	3,505	415	230	190
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	17,050	8,585	8,460	380	190	185
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,035	17,665	19,370	445	215	230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,535	3,275	1,260	155	100	50
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,190	1,280	910	100	65	35
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,345	1,995	350	55	40	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	12,040	5,095	6,945	160	55	100
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,300	870	1,435	60	30	25
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	18,155	8,420	9,735	70	20	55
Bachelor's degree	12,190	5,550	6,635	75	20	50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,305	535	770	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	315	150	170	0	0	0
Master's degree	3,870	1,870	1,995	0	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	475	320	160	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	43,360	21,365	22,000	785	410	375
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,860	1,625	1,235	220	135	85
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	10,365	5,530	4,835	255	130	125
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,135	14,210	15,930	310	145	165
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,205	2,320	885	100	65	35
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,540	890	645	70	50	15
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,665	1,430	240	30	15	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	9,670	4,140	5,530	115	35	85
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,835	700	1,140	40	35	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	15,420	7,050	8,370	50	15	35
Bachelor's degree	10,315	4,670	5,645	55	15	40
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,120	445	675	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	255	110	145	0	0	0
Master's degree	3,350	1,575	1,770	0	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	385	250	135	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	61,095	29,760	31,340	1,240	630	610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	24,065	12,095	11,965	795	420	375
Education	2,160	410	1,750	35	10	30
13. Education	2,160	410	1,745	35	10	30
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,290	1,100	1,195	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	430	315	110	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,865	780	1,075	0	0	10
Humanities	2,450	1,000	1,450	30	20	15
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	280	55	220	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	855	275	580	10	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	665	275	390	10	0	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	85	65	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	140	50	15	10	0
54. History	255	140	110	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	60	30	35	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,935	1,845	3,090	10	0	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	95	25	70	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	620	230	395	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	625	65	560	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	760	245	520	0	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	75	30	45	0	0	0
42. Psychology	870	250	615	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,885	1,000	890	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	7,365	2,955	4,410	80	25	55
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	430	90	340	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,910	2,855	4,055	80	25	55
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,575	860	710	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	650	275	380	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	295	150	145	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	15	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	535	375	160	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	45	30	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,900	1,180	715	15	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,545	1,045	500	10	0	0
25. Library science	130	20	110	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	210	110	100	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	6,780	5,945	835	110	105	0
04. Architecture and related services	265	180	90	0	0	0
14. Engineering	2,180	1,715	470	15	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,235	1,100	135	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,485	1,415	65	20	20	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,020	970	45	55	60	0
48. Precision production	595	565	30	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	605	325	280	40	30	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	360	195	160	45	35	15
03. Natural resources and conservation	240	125	115	0	0	0
Health and related fields	5,125	1,060	4,065	80	10	70
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	420	230	195	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	4,630	805	3,825	75	10	75
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	75	30	40	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,850	975	880	35	15	20
12. Personal and culinary services	1,165	380	785	30	0	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	245	185	55	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	425	385	35	10	0	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	43,360	21,365	21,995	785	410	370
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	13,225	7,155	6,075	475	265	210
Education	1,625	305	1,320	15	0	15
13. Education	1,625	310	1,320	15	0	15
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,895	900	1,000	10	0	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	315	230	90	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,580	670	910	0	0	0
Humanities	1,975	795	1,185	30	10	15
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	235	40	195	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	670	210	460	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	555	235	320	10	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	0	0	0	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	75	60	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	95	40	20	15	10
54. History	205	115	90	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	45	20	20	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,130	1,545	2,585	10	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	20	65	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	555	200	355	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	495	55	440	0	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	665	205	455	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	55	20	35	0	0	0
42. Psychology	690	190	505	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	1,580	850	725	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	5,945	2,375	3,570	45	10	35
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	335	60	280	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,600	2,310	3,290	50	10	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,260	635	625	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	545	210	340	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	225	110	115	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	15	10	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	410	275	135	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	35	25	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,715	1,095	620	10	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,435	1,000	430	0	10	0
25. Library science	110	10	100	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	75	85	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	10	0	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,395	4,620	775	70	65	10
04. Architecture and related services	240	150	85	0	0	0
14. Engineering	1,945	1,485	460	15	10	10
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	975	850	125	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,075	1,025	50	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	775	745	30	40	35	0
48. Precision production	390	360	25	10	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	465	225	240	35	25	10
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	250	120	135	35	30	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	105	105	0	0	0
Health and related fields	4,250	925	3,320	60	0	55
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	350	190	160	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	3,840	710	3,135	65	10	55
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	55	20	35	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,475	785	690	25	10	20
12. Personal and culinary services	920	315	605	20	0	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	210	160	55	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	340	310	30	10	10	0
Other	0	0	0	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	0	0	0	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	61,100	29,760	31,345	1,245	630	610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,065	12,095	11,970	795	420	380
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	37,035	17,660	19,375	445	215	235
Location of study inside Canada	26,715	12,715	13,995	425	205	220
Same as province or territory of residence	22,045	10,375	11,670	375	180	195
Different than province or territory of residence	4,665	2,340	2,330	45	25	25
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	10,325	4,945	5,380	20	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	1,105	685	425	0	0	0
Philippines	2,205	830	1,370	0	0	0
India	615	320	295	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	745	430	320	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,005	475	535	0	0	0
France	35	15	20	0	0	0
Other	4,615	2,190	2,425	20	0	10
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	43,360	21,360	21,995	780	410	370
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,230	7,150	6,075	475	265	210
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	30,135	14,205	15,925	310	145	165
Location of study inside Canada	21,640	10,285	11,350	285	135	155
Same as province or territory of residence	17,940	8,425	9,515	255	120	140
Different than province or territory of residence	3,695	1,860	1,830	30	20	15
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	8,500	3,925	4,575	20	10	10
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	845	525	320	0	0	0
Philippines	1,925	720	1,210	0	0	0
India	505	245	260	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	465	260	200	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	855	390	465	0	0	0
France	25	15	15	0	0	0
Other	3,880	1,760	2,115	20	10	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	61,100	29,755	31,340	1,240	630	610
In the labour force	42,995	22,025	20,965	770	445	320
Employed	40,405	20,765	19,640	735	420	320
Unemployed	2,585	1,265	1,325	30	25	10
Not in the labour force	18,110	7,735	10,375	475	185	290
Participation rate	70.4	74.0	66.9	62.1	70.6	52.5
Employment rate	66.1	69.8	62.7	59.3	66.7	52.5
Unemployment rate	6.0	5.7	6.3	3.9	5.6	3.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	61,100	29,760	31,345	1,245	635	610
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	16,725	6,935	9,790	420	160	260
Worked	44,375	22,820	21,550	825	470	355
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	22,735	12,715	10,020	420	265	160
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	21,635	10,105	11,530	400	210	195
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	43.6	42.3	43.5	43.7	43.2
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	42,990	22,025	20,965	770	450	320
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	790	300	490	0	0	0
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	42,200	21,725	20,475	770	445	320
Employee	38,055	19,125	18,935	590	330	255
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	4,150	2,605	1,545	180	115	60
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	42,990	22,025	20,965	765	445	320
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	790	300	490	0	0	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	42,200	21,725	20,475	765	445	315
0 Management occupations	4,530	2,665	1,865	170	120	50
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,600	2,395	5,205	105	30	80
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,555	2,780	775	10	10	0
3 Health occupations	2,900	565	2,330	50	10	40
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,875	1,580	3,295	60	10	50
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,840	945	895	10	0	10
6 Sales and service occupations	9,805	4,520	5,285	105	45	60
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,575	5,215	365	160	155	10
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	345	265	85	60	45	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,170	795	370	35	25	10
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	42,995	22,025	20,965	765	450	320
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	790	295	490	0	0	0
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	42,205	21,725	20,475	765	450	315
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	195	115	85	205	140	60
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	125	100	25	0	0	0
22 Utilities	335	225	110	10	10	0
23 Construction	3,060	2,705	360	55	50	10
31-33 Manufacturing	2,600	1,805	795	80	65	10
41 Wholesale trade	1,850	1,200	650	35	25	10
44-45 Retail trade	4,400	1,980	2,420	10	0	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,335	1,830	510	95	70	30
51 Information and cultural industries	1,905	1,165	745	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,865	715	1,145	30	10	25
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	970	525	450	10	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,075	2,260	1,815	0	10	10
55 Management of companies and enterprises	105	55	55	10	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,210	1,325	885	15	10	10
61 Educational services	3,210	1,045	2,165	40	10	35
62 Health care and social assistance	4,825	945	3,875	85	10	80
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	900	450	450	10	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,080	1,315	1,760	25	10	20
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,975	915	1,060	30	20	10
91 Public administration	2,175	1,050	1,125	20	20	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	40,405	20,765	19,640	735	420	315
Worked at home	2,430	1,270	1,160	195	115	85
Worked outside Canada	225	175	50	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	4,765	3,555	1,205	120	90	30
Worked at usual place	32,985	15,765	17,220	420	220	205
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	32,985	15,765	17,220	425	220	200
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,835	2,220	3,615	155	80	80
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	26,810	13,320	13,495	95	50	45
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	255	160	100	170	95	75
Commute to a different province or territory	90	75	20	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	37,750	19,325	18,425	545	305	235
Car, truck, van - as a driver	21,510	12,280	9,230	480	270	210
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	1,265	460	800	10	10	0
Public transit	11,845	5,175	6,675	0	10	0
Walked	2,310	860	1,445	40	20	20
Bicycle	370	280	85	0	0	0
Other method	455	260	195	10	10	10
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	37,750	19,325	18,425	545	305	235
Less than 15 minutes	5,105	2,165	2,940	150	85	60
15 to 29 minutes	10,690	5,635	5,055	130	60	70
30 to 44 minutes	11,035	6,060	4,980	135	65	70
45 to 59 minutes	6,320	3,200	3,120	50	30	15
60 minutes and over	4,595	2,270	2,325	80	65	15
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	37,750	19,325	18,425	545	305	235
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,480	1,705	775	55	40	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,775	3,965	2,810	105	80	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,680	4,925	5,750	180	110	75
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,050	3,710	4,345	105	35	70
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,410	2,125	2,285	40	20	20
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,355	2,890	2,465	60	30	30
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	45,530	23,340	22,195	855	490	365
Single responses	44,700	22,935	21,765	845	485	365
Official languages	43,725	22,470	21,260	830	475	355
English	43,600	22,435	21,165	805	455	350
French	120	35	90	20	15	0
Non-official languages	980	470	510	20	10	10
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	980	470	510	20	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	20	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Amharic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	230	145	90	20	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	20	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	15	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	15	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	0	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	10	0	10	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	135	80	50	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	105	65	45	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	60	40	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	25	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	30	25	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	35	15	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	35	15	20	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	50	10	35	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	135	65	70	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	495	220	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages	495	215	280	0	0	0
Cantonese	160	70	90	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	330	145	185	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	825	400	425	10	10	0
English and French	75	30	45	0	0	0
English and non-official language	740	370	370	10	10	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	45,530	23,335	22,190	850	485	365
None	42,430	21,860	20,575	755	430	320
English	540	235	305	25	20	0
French	385	185	195	30	10	20
Non-official language	2,120	1,050	1,075	45	20	20
Aboriginal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal	2,125	1,050	1,075	45	25	20
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	20	0	15	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	0	30	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	69,210	33,950	35,265	1,590	760	835
Non-movers	57,230	27,930	29,305	1,485	710	775
Movers	11,980	6,020	5,955	110	45	65
Non-migrants	4,785	2,355	2,425	30	15	15
Migrants	7,195	3,665	3,530	80	25	55
Internal migrants	5,930	3,055	2,870	80	25	55
Intraprovincial migrants	5,175	2,645	2,530	55	15	45
Interprovincial migrants	750	415	335	20	15	15
External migrants	1,265	610	655	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	66,765	32,745	34,020	1,510	720	785
Non-movers	34,890	16,935	17,955	1,125	550	580
Movers	31,875	15,810	16,065	375	175	205
Non-migrants	11,445	5,600	5,835	70	45	30
Migrants	20,435	10,205	10,225	310	130	180
Internal migrants	15,640	7,815	7,825	305	130	170
Intraprovincial migrants	13,570	6,790	6,780	245	105	145
Interprovincial migrants	2,075	1,025	1,050	55	25	30
External migrants	4,790	2,390	2,400	10	0	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. New Westminster, CY [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Franklin, RM [Dissolved census subdivision], Manitoba (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 1, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Westminster, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Franklin, Rural municipality [Dissolved census subdivision], Manitoba

Census Profile, 2016 Census New Westminster, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Franklin, Rural municipality [Dissolved census subdivision], Manitoba

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Westminster, City [Census subdivision], British Columbia and Franklin, Rural municipality [Dissolved census subdivision], Manitoba