Census Profile, 2016 Census
Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Saskatchewan [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Estrie Quebec [Economic region]			Saskatchewan [Province]
	Data quality , Estrie [Economic region], Quebec Map : Estrie [Economic region], Quebec Change geography 1			Data quality : Saskatchewan [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	319,004	...	...	1,098,352	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	310,684 ^r	...	...	1,033,381	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	2.7	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	164,784	...	...	495,582	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	142,875	...	...	432,622	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	31.2	...	...	1.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	10,212.00	...	...	588,243.54	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	319,005	158,050	160,950	1,098,350	545,785	552,565
0 to 14 years	51,140	26,585	24,550	215,685	110,410	105,275
0 to 4 years	16,580	8,630	7,950	73,130	37,335	35,795
5 to 9 years	18,035	9,290	8,740	74,460	38,155	36,305
10 to 14 years	16,525	8,660	7,860	68,095	34,920	33,175
15 to 64 years	201,760	101,120	100,645	712,240	358,110	354,130
15 to 19 years	17,100	8,795	8,310	67,660	34,675	32,980
20 to 24 years	19,775	10,030	9,740	70,060	36,075	33,985
25 to 29 years	17,975	9,100	8,875	77,525	39,290	38,235
30 to 34 years	18,210	9,290	8,920	77,520	38,610	38,915
35 to 39 years	19,555	9,880	9,675	71,590	35,940	35,650
40 to 44 years	17,585	8,705	8,875	64,950	32,515	32,440
45 to 49 years	18,545	9,400	9,150	63,580	31,780	31,795
50 to 54 years	23,245	11,400	11,845	75,245	37,230	38,015
55 to 59 years	25,260	12,370	12,895	76,195	38,070	38,125
60 to 64 years	24,505	12,150	12,360	67,915	33,935	33,985
65 years and over	66,105	30,350	35,755	170,425	77,265	93,160
65 to 69 years	22,220	11,000	11,220	53,230	26,285	26,945
70 to 74 years	16,930	8,305	8,625	37,740	18,225	19,510
75 to 79 years	10,835	5,005	5,830	29,400	13,415	15,985
80 to 84 years	7,800	3,365	4,435	23,115	9,945	13,170
85 years and over	8,330	2,680	5,650	26,940	9,395	17,550
85 to 89 years	5,085	1,875	3,210	16,280	6,305	9,975
90 to 94 years	2,515	665	1,845	8,000	2,515	5,485
95 to 99 years	665	130	530	2,290	520	1,760
100 years and over	70	10	65	375	50	325
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.0	16.8	15.3	19.6	20.2	19.1
15 to 64 years	63.2	64.0	62.5	64.8	65.6	64.1
65 years and over	20.7	19.2	22.2	15.5	14.2	16.9
85 years and over	2.6	1.7	3.5	2.5	1.7	3.2
Average age of the population	43.0	42.0	44.1	39.1	38.2	40.0
Median age of the population	44.5	43.0	45.9	37.8	36.9	38.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	142,875	...	...	432,620	...	...
Single-detached house	78,205	...	...	314,340	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,005	...	...	10,520	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	61,680	...	...	98,435	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,280	...	...	12,705	...	...
Row house	2,775	...	...	18,535	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,100	...	...	9,385	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	43,855	...	...	57,115	...	...
Other single-attached house	665	...	...	700	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	985	...	...	9,325	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	142,875	...	...	432,625	...	...
1 person	49,640	...	...	121,175	...	...
2 persons	53,735	...	...	153,610	...	...
3 persons	16,800	...	...	60,240	...	...
4 persons	14,745	...	...	56,080	...	...
5 or more persons	7,965	...	...	41,520	...	...
Number of persons in private households	310,010	...	...	1,070,560	...	...
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	267,865	131,465	136,400	882,670	435,375	447,290
Married or living common law	154,125	77,005	77,115	520,430	261,075	259,355
Married	87,595	43,800	43,800	437,875	219,800	218,075
Living common law	66,530	33,210	33,320	82,550	41,270	41,280
Not married and not living common law	113,745	54,460	59,285	362,240	174,310	187,930
Never married	73,885	40,375	33,505	242,070	133,750	108,325
Separated	3,265	1,620	1,645	19,795	8,945	10,855
Divorced	20,815	9,010	11,805	47,180	20,985	26,200
Widowed	15,785	3,455	12,330	53,190	10,635	42,555
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	88,945	...	...	302,260	...	...
2 persons	51,940	...	...	157,195	...	...
3 persons	15,805	...	...	58,770	...	...
4 persons	14,190	...	...	54,125	...	...
5 or more persons	7,005	...	...	32,170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	88,945	...	...	302,260	...	...
Total couple families	75,625	...	...	252,765	...	...
Married couples	42,385	...	...	211,500	...	...
Common-law couples	33,235	...	...	41,265	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	13,325	...	...	49,495	...	...
Female parent	9,450	...	...	38,165	...	...
Male parent	3,880	...	...	11,330	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	75,620	...	...	252,770	...	...
Couples without children	44,010	...	...	129,085	...	...
Couples with children	31,610	...	...	123,685	...	...
1 child	11,840	...	...	45,495	...	...
2 children	13,070	...	...	49,035	...	...
3 or more children	6,705	...	...	29,150	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	13,325	...	...	49,490	...	...
1 child	7,935	...	...	28,110	...	...
2 children	3,965	...	...	13,280	...	...
3 or more children	1,425	...	...	8,105	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	64,220	32,035	32,190	187,765	95,550	92,210
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	142,875	...	...	432,620	...	...
One-census-family households	87,550	...	...	285,675	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	43,415	...	...	124,620	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	44,135	...	...	161,055	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	690	...	...	7,975	...	...
Non-census-family households	54,635	...	...	138,965	...	...
One-person households	49,640	...	...	121,175	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	5,000	...	...	17,795	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	315,010	156,545	158,470	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
English only	6,685	3,295	3,390	1,023,400	511,940	511,460
French only	179,590	84,580	95,010	535	255	280
English and French	127,565	68,125	59,445	51,360	23,290	28,065
Neither English nor French	1,170	545	625	7,945	3,620	4,325
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	315,015	156,545	158,465	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
English	21,745	10,920	10,825	1,060,225	528,155	532,075
French	289,040	143,420	145,620	13,555	6,590	6,960
English and French	3,110	1,695	1,415	1,770	890	885
Neither English nor French	1,115	515	605	7,685	3,475	4,220
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	23,300	11,770	11,535	14,435	7,035	7,405
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	7.4	7.5	7.3	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	315,010	156,545	158,465	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
Single responses	311,405	154,720	156,680	1,064,675	530,145	534,530
Official languages	299,345	148,690	150,655	907,715	452,955	454,760
English	19,645	9,860	9,785	892,615	445,635	446,985
French	279,700	138,825	140,870	15,100	7,320	7,775
Non-official languages	12,055	6,035	6,020	156,960	77,195	79,770
Aboriginal languages	20	5	10	28,340	13,685	14,660
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	19,965	9,640	10,325
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	19,015	9,190	9,825
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	30	15	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	2,080	975	1,105
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	250	115	135
Woods Cree	0	0	0	780	370	410
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	15,860	7,710	8,155
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	935	445	490
Algonquin	5	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	925	440	485
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	7,860	3,800	4,060
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,860	3,805	4,055
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	7,855	3,800	4,055
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	0	35	10	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	20	10	15
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	0	5	0	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	235	110	125
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	110	120
Dakota	0	0	0	195	85	105
Stoney	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	12,040	6,025	6,015	128,620	63,510	65,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,040	1,105	940	6,770	3,560	3,215
Berber languages	150	90	65	10	5	0
Kabyle	100	60	40	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	45	35	15	10	5	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	5	1,050	505	545
Bilen	0	0	0	55	25	30
Oromo	0	0	0	195	100	90
Somali	10	5	5	775	355	415
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Semitic languages	1,840	985	850	5,685	3,035	2,650
Amharic	5	0	5	290	140	155
Arabic	1,790	965	825	4,040	2,200	1,840
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	305	160	145
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	150	75	75
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	10	75	45	30
Maltese	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	680	340	340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	130	65	60
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	25	15	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	265	120	145	2,560	1,250	1,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	25	35	135	70	70
Vietnamese	195	85	105	2,420	1,180	1,235
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	95	25	75	23,415	11,130	12,280
Bikol	0	0	0	85	40	40
Cebuano	10	5	10	1,545	685	855
Fijian	0	0	0	25	20	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	255	120	140
Ilocano	0	0	0	790	370	415
Malagasy	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5	125	55	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	175	80	95
Pangasinan	0	0	0	40	15	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	10	40	20,045	9,590	10,455
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	60	30	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	125	140
Creole languages	155	70	85	220	105	120
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	140	60	80	150	70	80
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	65	30	35
Dravidian languages	30	20	15	1,560	865	700
Kannada	5	0	5	60	35	30
Malayalam	10	5	5	850	455	395
Tamil	15	10	5	350	200	150
Telugu	5	5	5	285	165	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,685	3,840	3,845	73,170	36,230	36,930
Albanian	25	10	15	380	190	190
Armenian	20	15	10	70	40	30
Balto-Slavic languages	1,575	755	820	18,460	8,490	9,970
Baltic languages	10	5	0	175	85	90
Latvian	5	0	5	100	45	50
Lithuanian	5	5	5	75	40	35
Slavic languages	1,565	750	815	18,285	8,400	9,885
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	205	105	105	225	110	120
Bulgarian	30	15	15	65	35	30
Croatian	55	20	35	455	240	220
Czech	25	15	10	235	115	125
Macedonian	5	5	0	55	30	30
Polish	205	90	115	1,865	850	1,015
Russian	200	75	120	3,045	1,460	1,580
Serbian	400	210	185	465	235	225
Serbo-Croatian	355	180	180	120	60	65
Slovak	25	10	15	115	60	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	0	80	40	45
Ukrainian	50	20	25	11,270	5,035	6,230
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	290	145	145
Celtic languages	0	5	0	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Welsh	0	0	0	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	5
Germanic languages	640	310	330	24,455	11,710	12,745
Afrikaans	0	0	0	880	450	430
Danish	15	5	15	255	145	110
Dutch	115	50	65	1,385	685	700
Frisian	0	0	0	30	20	10
German	465	235	235	21,320	10,150	11,170
Icelandic	0	0	0	55	20	25
Norwegian	5	5	0	310	140	165
Swedish	10	0	5	150	60	90
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	60	25	35
Yiddish	5	0	0	25	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	5	5	0
Greek	85	55	30	935	490	445
Indo-Iranian languages	1,610	820	790	22,335	12,065	10,270
Indo-Aryan languages	270	130	135	19,995	10,780	9,210
Bengali	15	10	5	2,795	1,495	1,300
Gujarati	10	5	5	2,510	1,420	1,090
Hindi	10	5	5	1,545	880	665
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	10	10
Konkani	0	0	0	35	15	10
Marathi	10	0	5	140	80	55
Nepali	185	90	95	770	400	370
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	5	5,250	2,890	2,360
Sindhi	0	0	0	120	65	55
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	270	130	135
Urdu	20	15	10	6,520	3,380	3,135
Iranian languages	1,335	690	645	2,065	1,130	940
Kurdish	30	15	15	145	80	65
Pashto	50	30	25	555	315	235
Persian (Farsi)	1,260	650	610	1,370	735	635
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	275	155	120
Italic (Romance) languages	3,735	1,875	1,860	6,470	3,225	3,250
Catalan	15	10	5	5	0	0
Italian	275	175	100	705	365	340
Portuguese	265	130	135	615	265	350
Romanian	205	100	105	850	425	430
Spanish	2,980	1,460	1,515	4,290	2,165	2,125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	50	15	35	320	100	220
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Georgian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Korean	40	15	20	1,670	800	865
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	40	20	25
Mongolian	0	0	0	40	20	25
Niger-Congo languages	1,000	495	505	2,310	1,235	1,075
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	190	115	75
Bamanankan	25	10	10	0	0	5
Edo	0	0	0	35	20	15
Ewe	25	5	15	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0	25	15	5
Ga	0	0	0	20	15	5
Ganda	0	0	0	35	15	20
Igbo	5	0	0	215	125	90
Lingala	55	30	25	30	20	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	175	85	85	145	85	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	50	60	115	55	60
Shona	0	0	0	90	55	40
Swahili	205	95	110	425	220	205
Wolof	95	60	35	20	10	10
Yoruba	5	0	0	465	240	220
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	300	140	160	430	220	215
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	15	25	335	195	140
Dinka	5	0	0	115	70	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	220	120	100
Sign languages	40	20	20	200	100	100
American Sign Language	0	0	0	65	35	35
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	10	10	135	70	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	420	195	225	13,500	6,700	6,795
Chinese languages	420	195	220	12,460	6,165	6,290
Cantonese	65	30	35	3,775	1,830	1,950
Hakka	0	0	0	35	20	15
Mandarin	300	145	155	7,230	3,600	3,630
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	210	110	100
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	60	35	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	20	1,135	570	565
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,040	530	505
Burmese	0	0	0	180	115	65
Karenic languages	0	0	0	810	395	415
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	30	525	235	290
Lao	25	15	15	345	175	170
Thai	20	5	15	180	55	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60	30	25	360	185	175
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	25	10	10
Turkish	55	30	20	290	155	130
Uyghur	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uzbek	5	0	5	30	5	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Uralic languages	60	35	20	1,555	735	820
Estonian	5	0	5	20	10	10
Finnish	10	0	0	205	85	120
Hungarian	50	30	20	1,330	650	685
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	100	55	45
Multiple responses	3,610	1,820	1,785	18,560	8,955	9,605
English and French	2,520	1,270	1,250	2,045	985	1,060
English and non-official language	165	80	85	15,925	7,675	8,245
French and non-official language	815	410	400	315	150	165
English, French and non-official language	110	60	50	280	145	135
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	315,010	156,545	158,470	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
Single responses	309,865	154,010	155,855	1,049,130	522,390	526,740
Official languages	303,025	150,550	152,475	968,625	481,845	486,780
English	19,560	9,770	9,785	964,640	479,915	484,730
French	283,465	140,775	142,690	3,985	1,930	2,050
Non-official languages	6,845	3,465	3,380	80,505	40,540	39,960
Aboriginal languages	5	0	0	16,605	8,355	8,245
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	10,145	5,185	4,960
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10,000	5,105	4,895
Atikamekw	5	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,195	580	610
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	95	40	55
Woods Cree	0	0	0	180	100	85
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,525	4,380	4,145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	140	75	65
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	145	80	70
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	6,360	3,130	3,235
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	6,365	3,130	3,230
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	6,360	3,130	3,230
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	45	20	25
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	50	25	20
Dakota	0	0	0	35	15	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,840	3,460	3,380	63,905	32,185	31,720
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,040	540	500	4,625	2,340	2,290
Berber languages	40	25	15	0	0	0
Kabyle	30	15	10	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	720	335	380
Bilen	0	0	0	30	15	15
Oromo	0	0	0	140	75	70
Somali	10	5	5	530	245	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Semitic languages	975	505	470	3,900	1,995	1,905
Amharic	0	0	0	150	75	70
Arabic	940	490	450	2,890	1,500	1,390
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	225	105	120
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	115	60	55
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	25	10	15
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	430	205	220
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	70	40	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	5	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	70	85	1,740	850	895
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	20	40	20	25
Vietnamese	120	55	60	1,700	830	865
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5	12,515	6,210	6,300
Bikol	0	0	0	15	5	10
Cebuano	0	0	5	580	280	295
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	110	60	50
Ilocano	0	0	0	240	115	120
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	35	20	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	70	35	35
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	5	11,345	5,630	5,715
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45
Creole languages	50	30	20	95	35	65
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	50	30	20	65	25	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	20
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	845	440	410
Kannada	10	5	5	20	10	10
Malayalam	0	5	0	525	265	260
Tamil	0	5	0	155	90	65
Telugu	0	0	0	145	75	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,735	2,385	2,350	31,235	15,915	15,325
Albanian	10	5	5	205	100	100
Armenian	5	5	5	45	25	20
Balto-Slavic languages	925	450	480	5,170	2,560	2,610
Baltic languages	0	0	5	80	35	45
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Lithuanian	5	0	5	40	15	25
Slavic languages	925	450	470	5,090	2,525	2,560
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	110	55	55	85	45	40
Bulgarian	15	5	10	35	20	15
Croatian	30	10	15	170	85	85
Czech	15	5	5	30	20	15
Macedonian	5	0	0	35	15	15
Polish	90	45	50	480	220	255
Russian	115	50	65	1,725	875	840
Serbian	295	155	145	270	140	130
Serbo-Croatian	225	110	110	45	20	25
Slovak	10	5	5	30	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	2,010	985	1,025
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	170	80	90
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Germanic languages	140	60	80	8,110	3,990	4,120
Afrikaans	0	0	0	530	275	250
Danish	0	0	0	10	5	0
Dutch	10	0	10	200	110	95
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	0
German	130	55	70	7,290	3,565	3,725
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swedish	0	0	0	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0	0	5
Yiddish	5	0	5	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Greek	35	20	15	395	190	205
Indo-Iranian languages	1,270	645	625	14,385	7,560	6,825
Indo-Aryan languages	205	105	100	12,960	6,820	6,140
Bengali	5	0	0	1,915	980	930
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,585	865	720
Hindi	5	0	5	880	490	390
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	10	5	5
Marathi	0	5	5	55	30	30
Nepali	170	85	85	570	290	275
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	3,485	1,885	1,605
Sindhi	0	0	0	55	25	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	140	70	70
Urdu	5	5	5	4,265	2,180	2,080
Iranian languages	1,065	545	525	1,280	660	615
Kurdish	15	10	5	65	40	30
Pashto	25	15	10	345	185	160
Persian (Farsi)	1,025	515	510	865	435	430
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	65
Italic (Romance) languages	2,335	1,190	1,145	2,920	1,480	1,435
Catalan	10	5	0	0	0	0
Italian	50	20	30	155	80	75
Portuguese	175	85	85	220	100	115
Romanian	105	55	50	315	165	150
Spanish	2,000	1,020	980	2,220	1,130	1,085
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Japanese	25	10	15	120	45	75
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	15	1,180	590	595
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	370	175	190	735	350	380
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	55	30	25
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	10	0	5
Ewe	15	5	10	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	10	5	5
Igbo	0	0	0	40	15	20
Lingala	25	15	10	15	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	30	35	85	45	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	35	15	25
Shona	0	0	0	35	25	15
Swahili	100	50	50	200	90	110
Wolof	20	20	10	0	5	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	115	55	55
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	45	60	100	45	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	15	10	135	65	70
Dinka	0	0	0	65	30	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	70	35	40
Sign languages	50	30	20	285	175	105
American Sign Language	0	0	0	50	30	20
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	40	20	20	230	150	85
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	145	140	9,700	4,835	4,865
Chinese languages	280	145	140	8,925	4,450	4,475
Cantonese	25	15	10	2,400	1,140	1,265
Hakka	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	230	110	120	5,645	2,865	2,780
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	80	45	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	10	760	385	380
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	775	380	395
Burmese	0	0	0	115	65	55
Karenic languages	0	0	0	640	310	335
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	190	85	105
Lao	5	0	5	125	60	60
Thai	5	5	0	70	25	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	195	100	95
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	5	5
Turkish	35	20	15	170	90	85
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uralic languages	10	5	10	240	125	120
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	5
Finnish	0	0	0	15	10	5
Hungarian	10	0	10	215	110	105
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Multiple responses	5,145	2,535	2,610	34,110	16,720	17,395
English and French	2,620	1,310	1,310	1,210	575	635
English and non-official language	250	125	130	32,250	15,810	16,435
French and non-official language	1,950	925	1,025	150	85	70
English, French and non-official language	325	175	150	495	250	250
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	315,010	156,545	158,465	1,083,235	539,100	544,130
None	284,180	140,805	143,375	983,935	490,490	493,450
English	17,615	9,125	8,490	41,920	21,045	20,875
French	8,610	4,325	4,285	9,340	4,085	5,255
Non-official language	3,625	1,805	1,820	46,495	22,705	23,785
Aboriginal	15	10	5	13,490	6,445	7,050
Non-Aboriginal	3,610	1,800	1,815	33,005	16,265	16,740
English and French	360	185	170	170	85	85
English and non-official language	475	230	245	860	440	420
French and non-official language	140	60	75	495	245	255
English, French and non-official language	10	10	5	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	259,015	128,345	130,675	857,270	424,245	433,025
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	251,420	124,820	126,605	822,620	407,715	414,905
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,759	35,152	26,747	38,299	46,117	31,978
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	251,495	124,825	126,670	822,745	407,730	415,015
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,800	31,038	24,733	34,570	40,492	29,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	222,965	112,985	109,985	750,515	378,290	372,225
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	27,154	32,219	22,668	36,883	45,587	29,314
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	199,980	94,945	105,035	550,165	236,760	313,405
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,095	7,143	8,764	5,340	4,200	5,870
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	176,030	92,150	83,880	636,955	331,975	304,970
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,103	32,081	24,638	36,612	44,551	30,027
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	259,025	128,335	130,690	857,300	424,265	433,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	251,465	124,790	126,680	822,545	407,840	414,705
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,297	43,029	33,635	49,409	58,791	40,184
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	251,520	124,790	126,730	822,655	407,855	414,800
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,087	35,342	28,880	40,933	47,453	34,523
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	223,100	113,225	109,880	750,475	378,445	372,035
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,131	40,413	29,688	48,491	58,779	38,026
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	199,910	94,900	105,005	549,500	236,590	312,910
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,967	8,366	9,511	7,734	7,322	8,045
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	176,035	92,085	83,950	636,950	331,745	305,205
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,074	38,986	30,783	46,853	55,728	37,207
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	259,025	128,335	130,690	857,295	424,260	433,030
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	75,255	41,505	33,745	302,780	173,250	129,525
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	41,631	45,116	38,350	55,368	62,070	48,579
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	48,832	52,761	44,000	64,855	72,366	54,808
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	81.6	85.5	76.5	89.5	92.8	84.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	63.9	66.6	60.5	73.2	76.8	68.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	18.4	14.5	23.5	10.5	7.2	15.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	259,015	128,345	130,675	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without total income	7,590	3,525	4,070	34,645	16,530	18,120
With total income	251,425	124,815	126,605	822,620	407,715	414,905
Percentage with total income	97.1	97.2	96.9	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	28,805	12,690	16,115	105,780	47,325	58,455
$10,000 to $19,999	51,015	20,800	30,215	118,380	46,195	72,180
$20,000 to $29,999	43,115	19,645	23,470	107,890	42,345	65,545
$30,000 to $39,999	36,475	18,310	18,165	95,605	41,315	54,295
$40,000 to $49,999	30,545	15,985	14,565	89,285	42,260	47,025
$50,000 to $59,999	20,425	11,650	8,775	70,395	36,950	33,450
$60,000 to $69,999	13,165	7,805	5,355	53,855	31,055	22,795
$70,000 to $79,999	9,320	5,435	3,880	41,930	25,290	16,645
$80,000 to $89,999	5,805	3,660	2,150	34,305	20,750	13,560
$90,000 to $99,999	3,445	2,295	1,150	26,165	16,100	10,060
$100,000 and over	9,305	6,540	2,765	79,030	58,125	20,905
$100,000 to $149,999	6,230	4,285	1,945	56,160	40,025	16,140
$150,000 and over	3,080	2,255	820	22,870	18,100	4,770
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	259,020	128,345	130,670	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without after-tax income	7,525	3,515	4,005	34,520	16,515	18,010
With after-tax income	251,495	124,825	126,670	822,745	407,730	415,015
Percentage with after-tax income	97.1	97.3	96.9	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	30,070	13,000	17,070	108,310	48,150	60,160
$10,000 to $19,999	53,690	22,025	31,665	123,690	48,420	75,275
$20,000 to $29,999	52,435	24,745	27,690	125,285	50,160	75,125
$30,000 to $39,999	45,885	23,960	21,925	119,460	54,365	65,100
$40,000 to $49,999	30,060	16,790	13,270	103,250	52,900	50,350
$50,000 to $59,999	17,060	9,905	7,155	73,855	42,315	31,540
$60,000 to $69,999	9,705	5,780	3,920	53,925	32,645	21,280
$70,000 to $79,999	4,675	3,070	1,605	38,615	23,385	15,235
$80,000 and over	7,925	5,545	2,380	76,345	55,395	20,950
$80,000 to $89,999	2,490	1,685	805	24,935	16,370	8,560
$90,000 to $99,999	1,500	1,040	460	16,260	11,815	4,445
$100,000 and over	3,930	2,820	1,115	35,155	27,210	7,945
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	259,015	128,340	130,675	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without employment income	82,985	36,195	46,790	220,320	92,270	128,055
With employment income	176,030	92,150	83,885	636,950	331,980	304,970
Percentage with employment income	68.0	71.8	64.2	74.3	78.3	70.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	25,600	13,385	12,210	82,210	38,805	43,410
$5,000 to $9,999	14,900	6,630	8,275	46,620	20,310	26,310
$10,000 to $19,999	27,465	12,375	15,090	77,480	33,900	43,575
$20,000 to $29,999	24,505	11,350	13,155	68,175	29,285	38,885
$30,000 to $39,999	23,595	11,890	11,705	66,120	29,825	36,295
$40,000 to $49,999	18,680	10,290	8,395	61,800	29,930	31,870
$50,000 to $59,999	12,860	7,900	4,960	51,075	27,565	23,510
$60,000 to $69,999	8,515	5,225	3,290	39,805	23,605	16,195
$70,000 to $79,999	7,005	4,070	2,930	32,265	20,015	12,255
$80,000 and over	12,910	9,040	3,870	111,405	78,745	32,665
$80,000 to $89,999	4,085	2,790	1,295	28,240	17,220	11,020
$90,000 to $99,999	2,505	1,700	810	21,415	13,645	7,770
$100,000 and over	6,325	4,560	1,765	61,750	47,885	13,870
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	142,875	...	...	432,625	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	53,336	...	...	75,412	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	47,396	...	...	65,784	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	49,640	...	...	121,175	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	27,363	...	...	38,188	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	25,462	...	...	34,099	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	93,240	...	...	311,450	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,212	...	...	94,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	62,234	...	...	81,696	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	142,875	...	...	432,620	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	67,404	...	...	93,942	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	56,486	...	...	77,837	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	49,520	...	...	121,040	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,256	...	...	48,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	30,000	...	...	40,555	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	93,355	...	...	311,580	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	84,459	...	...	111,447	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	70,537	...	...	92,320	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	142,875	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	1,560	...	...	6,930	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,515	...	...	4,575	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,205	...	...	7,675	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	8,380	...	...	18,025	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	8,670	...	...	18,845	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,950	...	...	14,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	8,690	...	...	17,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	8,515	...	...	17,410	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	8,080	...	...	17,345	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,335	...	...	16,525	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	12,935	...	...	31,595	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	11,340	...	...	29,700	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	9,750	...	...	27,605	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	8,165	...	...	25,810	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,640	...	...	23,280	...	...
$100,000 and over	27,145	...	...	154,720	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,685	...	...	48,375	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,590	...	...	35,320	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,345	...	...	40,875	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,525	...	...	30,160	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	142,875	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	1,670	...	...	7,355	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,560	...	...	4,680	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,285	...	...	7,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	8,815	...	...	18,625	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	9,790	...	...	20,275	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	8,370	...	...	17,325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10,700	...	...	20,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10,010	...	...	20,990	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	9,045	...	...	20,395	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	8,470	...	...	19,790	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15,040	...	...	37,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	12,450	...	...	35,255	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	9,950	...	...	32,575	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,725	...	...	28,995	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,905	...	...	25,545	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,095	...	...	114,570	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,690	...	...	47,890	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,630	...	...	29,680	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,775	...	...	36,995	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	89,410	...	...	299,345	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	72,139	...	...	93,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	62,774	...	...	81,065	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	42,810	...	...	122,845	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,177	...	...	87,865	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	56,075	...	...	75,765	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	31,765	...	...	124,285	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,451	...	...	119,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	83,251	...	...	101,656	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	12,975	...	...	44,110	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,929	...	...	50,749	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,048	...	...	47,776	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	89,410	...	...	299,455	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	85,467	...	...	111,031	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,202	...	...	91,825	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	42,810	...	...	123,045	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	77,658	...	...	104,889	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,462	...	...	86,074	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	31,875	...	...	124,275	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,853	...	...	135,718	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	89,818	...	...	111,601	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,875	...	...	44,125	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,576	...	...	62,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,766	...	...	54,678	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	59,725	29,890	29,840	161,805	82,400	79,405
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,549	27,536	24,173	35,875	40,000	32,247
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	24,171	25,337	23,205	32,415	35,306	29,777
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	59,605	29,690	29,910	161,560	82,510	79,050
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	33,360	35,100	31,634	45,756	49,739	41,598
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	28,589	29,591	27,595	38,229	40,766	35,581
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	310,010	154,840	155,175	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
In the bottom half of the distribution	198,270	97,430	100,840	506,055	243,040	263,010
In the bottom decile	31,435	15,715	15,715	111,770	55,530	56,245
In the second decile	40,730	18,825	21,905	104,900	46,610	58,285
In the third decile	44,980	21,990	22,985	94,035	44,535	49,500
In the fourth decile	42,705	21,350	21,355	96,045	47,015	49,030
In the fifth decile	38,430	19,545	18,880	99,300	49,350	49,950
In the top half of the distribution	111,740	57,410	54,330	564,505	290,345	274,160
In the sixth decile	34,025	17,505	16,525	104,200	52,705	51,495
In the seventh decile	28,560	14,570	13,990	109,400	55,670	53,725
In the eighth decile	21,985	11,295	10,695	115,215	59,255	55,965
In the ninth decile	15,515	8,045	7,470	121,965	62,875	59,085
In the top decile	11,650	5,995	5,655	113,730	59,840	53,885
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	310,015	154,840	155,175	1,014,605	505,225	509,380
0 to 17 years	60,990	31,675	29,315	230,205	117,925	112,275
0 to 5 years	20,145	10,510	9,635	79,345	40,700	38,645
18 to 64 years	190,065	94,870	95,190	631,280	316,125	315,155
65 years and over	58,955	28,290	30,670	153,120	71,180	81,950
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	50,665	23,960	26,710	130,220	60,375	69,845
0 to 17 years	9,210	4,790	4,420	41,010	20,960	20,050
0 to 5 years	2,930	1,525	1,400	15,420	7,850	7,575
18 to 64 years	29,745	14,620	15,125	67,080	31,315	35,765
65 years and over	11,710	4,545	7,165	22,130	8,100	14,025
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.3	15.5	17.2	12.8	12.0	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	15.1	15.1	15.1	17.8	17.8	17.9
0 to 5 years (%)	14.5	14.5	14.5	19.4	19.3	19.6
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6	15.4	15.9	10.6	9.9	11.3
65 years and over (%)	19.9	16.1	23.4	14.5	11.4	17.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	22,835	11,700	11,135	59,440	29,890	29,545
0 to 17 years	3,610	1,830	1,785	17,870	9,140	8,735
0 to 5 years	1,130	570	560	7,005	3,540	3,465
18 to 64 years	17,955	9,320	8,635	38,775	19,470	19,305
65 years and over	1,280	555	725	2,795	1,280	1,510
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.4	7.6	7.2	5.9	5.9	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.9	5.8	6.1	7.8	7.8	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	5.6	5.4	5.8	8.8	8.7	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	9.8	9.1	6.1	6.2	6.1
65 years and over (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4	1.8	1.8	1.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	310,015	154,840	155,175	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
Official languages	308,815	154,305	154,510	1,062,885	529,920	532,965
English	132,885	71,195	61,690	1,062,275	529,630	532,645
French	302,215	151,075	151,145	51,325	23,600	27,725
Non-official languages	23,100	11,175	11,920	187,450	91,805	95,645
Aboriginal languages	25	20	0	38,110	18,390	19,720
Algonquian languages	10	10	0	28,270	13,675	14,590
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	27,065	13,115	13,950
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	3,665	1,770	1,900
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	470	185	285
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,260	570	695
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	21,870	10,695	11,175
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	1,310	620	695
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	0	0	1,300	610	690
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	9,120	4,350	4,770
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	9,105	4,345	4,760
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	9,105	4,350	4,755
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	20	10	10	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	10	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	10	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	10	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	505	240	260
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	510	255	250
Dakota	0	0	0	415	205	210
Stoney	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	23,075	11,160	11,910	149,475	73,470	76,000
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,685	1,395	1,290	8,595	4,585	4,015
Berber languages	260	170	90	40	35	0
Kabyle	170	115	55	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	90	55	30	30	25	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,305	620	690
Bilen	0	0	0	85	40	45
Oromo	0	0	0	160	70	90
Somali	0	0	0	1,090	520	570
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	2,590	1,330	1,265	7,500	4,075	3,425
Amharic	0	0	0	545	255	290
Arabic	2,535	1,315	1,225	5,605	3,165	2,435
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	15	10	505	240	265
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	195	95	100
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	40	10	30	470	245	230
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	705	350	355
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	245	120	125
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	70	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	275	145	130	3,315	1,685	1,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	80	35	40	210	105	105
Vietnamese	195	105	90	3,105	1,580	1,525
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	105	30	75	29,705	14,065	15,640
Bikol	0	0	0	90	30	55
Cebuano	30	0	30	2,115	945	1,170
Fijian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	285	130	150
Ilocano	10	0	10	785	365	415
Malagasy	30	20	10	10	0	0
Malay	10	10	0	215	95	115
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	265	130	135
Pangasinan	0	0	0	45	25	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	10	50	28,655	13,575	15,080
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	35	25	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	300	145	155
Creole languages	400	190	210	495	230	270
Haitian Creole	35	10	25	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	355	185	175	240	95	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	250	125	120
Dravidian languages	40	20	15	2,190	1,205	980
Kannada	0	0	0	115	65	55
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,170	625	540
Tamil	20	10	15	635	345	290
Telugu	15	10	10	435	270	165
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	17,105	8,220	8,880	81,985	40,685	41,300
Albanian	25	10	15	560	275	285
Armenian	40	25	20	115	65	45
Balto-Slavic languages	2,055	1,005	1,045	20,395	9,470	10,925
Baltic languages	0	0	0	225	120	110
Latvian	0	0	0	135	60	70
Lithuanian	0	0	0	95	60	35
Slavic languages	2,055	1,005	1,045	20,265	9,400	10,860
Belarusan	0	0	0	20	0	15
Bosnian	270	135	140	325	155	165
Bulgarian	80	45	35	75	40	35
Croatian	145	50	95	605	355	250
Czech	65	35	30	300	155	150
Macedonian	0	0	0	65	35	35
Polish	255	130	125	2,185	1,040	1,145
Russian	360	185	175	5,275	2,585	2,690
Serbian	540	275	270	790	410	385
Serbo-Croatian	385	190	190	80	30	50
Slovak	55	20	35	125	85	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	105	50	50
Ukrainian	70	20	50	13,090	5,770	7,325
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	345	205	140
Celtic languages	10	10	0	165	105	65
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	55	35	25
Welsh	0	0	0	50	30	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	70	45	20
Germanic languages	1,550	865	685	21,275	10,435	10,840
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,455	750	705
Danish	30	15	20	320	195	125
Dutch	195	110	80	1,510	720	790
Frisian	0	0	0	25	15	15
German	1,285	720	560	17,390	8,525	8,870
Icelandic	0	0	0	70	40	30
Norwegian	20	15	0	415	180	235
Swedish	40	30	10	230	95	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	0	20	80	25	50
Yiddish	0	0	0	75	35	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	265	135	125
Greek	145	80	65	1,470	725	745
Indo-Iranian languages	1,875	985	890	27,395	14,650	12,740
Indo-Aryan languages	450	260	195	25,355	13,530	11,825
Bengali	20	0	15	3,520	1,895	1,620
Gujarati	20	10	10	3,320	1,760	1,555
Hindi	75	55	20	8,040	4,480	3,560
Kashmiri	0	0	0	40	25	20
Konkani	0	0	0	40	30	15
Marathi	0	0	0	185	120	70
Nepali	100	65	35	835	435	400
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	15	8,300	4,635	3,665
Sindhi	0	10	0	180	105	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	20	10	355	205	150
Urdu	215	95	115	9,455	4,815	4,635
Iranian languages	1,595	810	785	2,285	1,240	1,040
Kurdish	15	10	0	145	90	60
Pashto	140	70	70	555	315	240
Persian (Farsi)	1,530	780	750	1,630	870	760
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	275	135	140
Italic (Romance) languages	11,980	5,550	6,430	12,660	6,085	6,570
Catalan	35	15	15	0	10	0
Italian	920	435	480	1,360	670	690
Portuguese	545	295	255	885	380	505
Romanian	180	95	85	1,105	525	575
Spanish	10,715	4,930	5,785	9,605	4,635	4,965
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	40	30	10
Japanese	175	90	85	1,205	540	665
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	55	25	35	1,930	850	1,080
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	55	20	30
Mongolian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Niger-Congo languages	1,670	850	820	4,125	2,245	1,885
Akan (Twi)	0	10	0	355	185	170
Bamanankan	90	60	30	0	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	20	0	20
Ewe	15	10	10	100	45	55
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	15	0	60	45	15
Ga	0	0	0	45	25	15
Ganda	0	10	0	20	10	10
Igbo	0	0	0	625	325	300
Lingala	235	110	120	140	70	65
Rundi (Kirundi)	250	140	120	280	150	130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	110	50	55	125	65	55
Shona	0	0	0	150	90	55
Swahili	440	230	205	950	570	380
Wolof	225	105	115	40	25	15
Yoruba	0	10	0	965	470	495
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	510	255	250	815	480	335
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	10	45	300	150	145
Dinka	0	0	0	100	65	40
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	15	45	195	90	105
Sign languages	285	95	190	1,565	585	985
American Sign Language	10	0	10	650	215	435
Quebec Sign Language	170	65	105	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	120	35	85	915	365	545
Sino-Tibetan languages	410	230	185	14,580	7,115	7,470
Chinese languages	410	225	185	13,630	6,625	7,005
Cantonese	55	20	30	4,675	2,245	2,435
Hakka	0	0	0	30	10	20
Mandarin	310	165	150	8,995	4,335	4,660
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	20	260	125	135
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	45	20	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	50	20	1,245	620	630
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	960	495	460
Burmese	0	0	0	315	185	130
Karenic languages	0	0	0	635	310	325
Tibetan	0	10	0	30	15	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	25	40
Tai-Kadai languages	85	30	55	635	245	385
Lao	70	30	45	410	170	240
Thai	30	0	25	275	105	170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	95	55	45	640	365	285
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	25	20	10
Turkish	85	50	40	530	310	220
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	60	25	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	25	10	15
Uralic languages	95	55	45	1,765	850	915
Estonian	0	0	0	20	15	10
Finnish	15	10	10	360	170	190
Hungarian	75	45	35	1,385	670	715
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	30	25	340	210	135
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	310,015	154,840	155,175	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	301,480	150,550	150,925	998,035	496,635	501,395
Canadian citizens aged under 18	59,265	30,790	28,475	237,720	121,535	116,185
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	242,215	119,760	122,455	760,310	375,105	385,210
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	8,530	4,285	4,245	72,525	36,750	35,780
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	310,015	154,840	155,175	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	290,190	144,805	145,380	945,810	470,790	475,025
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	17,580	8,800	8,780	112,490	55,800	56,690
Before 1981	3,730	1,960	1,775	16,650	8,190	8,465
1981 to 1990	1,360	710	645	5,545	2,670	2,875
1991 to 2000	2,885	1,400	1,485	9,315	4,645	4,665
2001 to 2010	5,390	2,680	2,715	33,045	16,410	16,635
2001 to 2005	2,295	1,100	1,195	8,670	4,165	4,505
2006 to 2010	3,100	1,575	1,525	24,370	12,245	12,130
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	4,210	2,055	2,160	47,935	23,880	24,055
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	2,245	1,235	1,010	12,255	6,800	5,455
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	17,580	8,795	8,785	112,495	55,795	56,695
Under 5 years	2,755	1,400	1,350	12,060	6,100	5,965
5 to 14 years	3,235	1,615	1,620	21,295	11,015	10,280
15 to 24 years	3,100	1,430	1,670	19,295	8,990	10,305
25 to 44 years	7,345	3,765	3,575	50,945	25,060	25,890
45 years and over	1,145	575	565	8,895	4,635	4,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	17,580	8,795	8,785	112,490	55,800	56,690
Americas	5,085	2,420	2,665	10,765	5,010	5,760
Brazil	155	75	80	185	65	120
Colombia	1,125	550	575	555	275	280
El Salvador	135	60	75	630	290	340
Guyana	0	10	0	155	75	85
Haiti	310	125	180	65	45	20
Jamaica	10	0	10	815	425	395
Mexico	325	165	160	1,330	665	665
Peru	150	60	90	165	60	100
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	210	105	110
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,885	895	985	4,845	2,045	2,800
Other places of birth in Americas	985	485	500	1,805	955	845
Europe	6,135	3,220	2,920	23,640	11,900	11,740
Bosnia and Herzegovina	715	370	345	455	215	245
Croatia	135	65	70	445	280	165
France	2,575	1,380	1,190	215	90	125
Germany	325	175	150	2,575	1,280	1,295
Greece	75	40	30	605	325	280
Hungary	30	20	10	395	215	180
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	10	10	10	845	490	355
Italy	145	95	45	570	305	265
Netherlands	70	20	50	1,220	585	635
Poland	150	75	80	1,395	690	705
Portugal	30	20	10	220	105	120
Romania	200	105	90	695	335	360
Russian Federation	190	90	100	805	345	460
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	120	40	80	585	305	280
Ukraine	60	25	35	3,280	1,630	1,650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	290	155	135	7,020	3,520	3,505
Other places of birth in Europe	1,015	530	485	2,320	1,195	1,125
Africa	3,455	1,860	1,595	10,285	5,360	4,925
Algeria	540	310	230	50	35	15
Egypt	80	45	35	435	230	205
Ethiopia	0	0	0	635	285	355
Kenya	0	0	0	425	225	200
Morocco	605	355	250	180	95	80
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,695	845	855
Somalia	0	0	0	635	335	300
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10	1,775	920	855
Other places of birth in Africa	2,215	1,135	1,075	4,455	2,390	2,065
Asia	2,865	1,275	1,590	67,120	33,175	33,945
Afghanistan	780	400	380	515	230	285
Bangladesh	10	10	10	2,575	1,365	1,210
China^{Census data footnote 59}	415	115	300	7,485	3,445	4,035
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	20	10	10	765	370	400
India	45	20	20	9,630	5,190	4,435
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	150	70	80	785	465	325
Iraq	155	75	80	1,175	625	550
Japan	10	0	10	265	65	200
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	45	20	20	1,120	475	645
Lebanon	70	40	30	255	160	90
Pakistan	260	135	125	6,860	3,575	3,280
Philippines	60	15	50	26,860	12,655	14,210
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	440	235	205
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	265	115	150	1,155	610	550
Taiwan	35	10	25	180	80	100
Viet Nam	180	85	90	2,615	1,340	1,280
Other places of birth in Asia	350	150	200	4,425	2,290	2,140
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	30	20	15	675	350	325
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	4,210	2,050	2,155	47,935	23,880	24,055
Americas	780	360	415	2,320	1,090	1,230
Brazil	45	25	25	45	10	35
Colombia	250	110	140	115	55	65
Cuba	65	30	35	35	20	15
Haiti	50	25	25	10	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	405	230	180
Mexico	105	55	50	435	215	225
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	120	65	60	745	330	420
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	25	10	10	35	10	30
Other places of birth in Americas	110	40	75	490	220	270
Europe	630	325	305	4,855	2,405	2,455
France	380	200	185	50	15	45
Germany	0	0	0	190	105	80
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	525	315	205
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	100	50	50
Romania	15	10	10	95	35	60
Russian Federation	55	30	30	220	85	135
Ukraine	30	15	15	1,320	550	770
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	20	0	855	495	355
Other places of birth in Europe	125	60	65	1,505	755	750
Africa	1,530	775	750	4,405	2,315	2,085
Algeria	150	90	65	0	0	0
Cameroon	95	60	35	70	35	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	215	100	110	245	145	100
Côte d'Ivoire	145	55	90	15	15	0
Egypt	35	15	20	160	75	85
Eritrea	0	0	0	305	145	160
Ethiopia	0	0	0	190	110	85
Morocco	155	80	75	90	40	45
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,035	525	520
Somalia	0	0	0	300	170	125
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	550	285	265
Tunisia	80	45	35	85	45	40
Other places of birth in Africa	645	330	310	1,360	725	635
Asia	1,265	575	690	36,205	17,980	18,225
Afghanistan	445	215	230	125	45	85
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,495	780	720
China^{Census data footnote 59}	75	30	40	3,345	1,595	1,750
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	75	35	40
India	15	10	10	6,150	3,315	2,840
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	75	40	35	330	180	150
Iraq	90	40	50	405	200	205
Israel	0	0	0	95	55	35
Japan	0	0	0	40	10	35
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	475	195	280
Lebanon	25	15	10	80	50	30
Nepal	10	10	0	235	145	90
Pakistan	170	90	85	3,460	1,780	1,680
Philippines	15	0	20	16,615	7,905	8,715
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	125	90	30
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	145	85	60
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	235	100	135	1,105	585	520
Taiwan	30	10	15	60	30	30
Turkey	0	0	0	80	45	35
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	85	55	30
Viet Nam	20	15	10	855	415	445
Other places of birth in Asia	50	15	35	815	395	420
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	10	0	150	90	60
Australia	10	0	0	85	55	30
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	65	30	30
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	310,015	154,835	155,175	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	20,840	10,520	10,320	127,720	64,125	63,595
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	14,660	7,180	7,480	129,250	62,550	66,705
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	274,510	137,145	137,370	813,580	406,710	406,870
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	14,015	6,915	7,105	96,750	48,140	48,610
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	5,715	3,015	2,700	66,930	34,420	32,510
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	2,650	1,700	950	26,475	17,690	8,790
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	3,065	1,315	1,745	40,455	16,735	23,725
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	3,190	1,345	1,840	16,835	6,740	10,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	4,955	2,475	2,480	12,625	6,810	5,820
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	160	75	90	350	170	185
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	310,010	154,840	155,175	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	4,045	2,055	1,990	175,020	84,730	90,290
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	3,810	1,960	1,850	172,810	83,750	89,055
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,785	860	920	114,570	55,275	59,290
Métis	1,930	1,030	900	57,880	28,325	29,550
Inuk (Inuit)	90	65	30	360	145	215
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	120	45	75	1,305	605	705
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	110	45	65	905	375	530
Non-Aboriginal identity	305,965	152,780	153,185	895,535	448,655	446,885
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	310,015	154,840	155,175	1,070,555	533,385	537,170
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	835	445	385	110,370	52,930	57,440
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	309,180	154,395	154,790	960,190	480,455	479,735
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	310,010	154,840	155,175	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	3,005	1,345	1,660	98,315	47,665	50,650
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	2,925	1,310	1,620	94,565	45,900	48,665
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	2,525	1,125	1,395	84,015	40,960	43,055
Métis single ancestry	375	165	210	10,465	4,905	5,560
Inuit single ancestry	30	20	15	85	40	50
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	80	35	45	3,750	1,765	1,985
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	75	40	40	3,640	1,705	1,935
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	70	30	40
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	15	15	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	10,000	5,030	4,970	79,035	38,120	40,915
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	9,825	4,935	4,890	72,560	35,130	37,430
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,765	4,395	4,370	36,680	17,715	18,960
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	975	490	480	35,545	17,265	18,285
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	90	50	40	335	150	180
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	170	95	80	6,480	2,990	3,485
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	155	80	70	6,355	2,930	3,420
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	10	10	80	40	45
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	297,010	148,465	148,540	893,205	447,595	445,610
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	310,015	154,840	155,175	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	12,775	6,315	6,460	115,875	58,810	57,065
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	485	255	230	29,960	16,065	13,895
Chinese	665	245	415	15,545	7,545	7,995
Black	3,865	1,905	1,955	14,925	7,845	7,085
Filipino	95	30	70	32,340	15,540	16,795
Latin American	3,000	1,460	1,535	4,195	2,095	2,095
Arab	2,055	1,110	950	4,300	2,385	1,915
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	670	325	340	5,745	2,940	2,800
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	1,350	680	670	2,065	1,100	965
Korean	95	40	60	1,875	795	1,085
Japanese	75	35	35	955	420	530
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	105	60	50	1,150	605	545
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	320	170	150	2,820	1,460	1,355
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	297,240	148,520	148,710	954,685	474,575	480,110
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	310,010	154,840	155,175	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
North American Aboriginal origins	13,005	6,375	6,635	177,355	85,790	91,565
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,535	5,645	5,885	130,880	63,405	67,475
Inuit	150	80	70	650	305	345
Métis	1,580	780	800	56,090	26,860	29,235
Other North American origins	229,745	114,375	115,370	230,620	115,250	115,370
Acadian	1,140	515	620	485	270	215
American	2,110	1,010	1,100	13,455	6,410	7,045
Canadian	222,680	110,800	111,880	220,960	110,550	110,410
New Brunswicker	15	10	15	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	10	10	0	130	65	60
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	25	10	20
Ontarian	20	15	10	20	20	10
Québécois	6,840	3,510	3,330	240	100	140
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	30	15	15	85	35	55
European origins	112,985	56,650	56,335	759,080	375,755	383,325
British Isles origins	32,425	15,620	16,800	427,735	210,345	217,390
Channel Islander	15	0	10	10	0	0
Cornish	0	0	0	35	15	20
English	11,965	5,625	6,340	253,205	123,490	129,715
Irish	18,670	8,820	9,855	155,725	74,480	81,245
Manx	0	0	0	250	120	130
Scottish	8,385	4,185	4,200	193,330	94,500	98,825
Welsh	610	240	375	17,790	8,510	9,280
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	855	435	420	16,095	7,900	8,190
French origins	81,730	41,280	40,445	125,810	60,920	64,890
Alsatian	30	20	10	10	10	10
Breton	670	340	325	25	10	15
Corsican	10	0	10	15	0	15
French	81,355	41,100	40,255	125,775	60,910	64,870
Western European origins (except French origins)	9,130	4,515	4,615	336,715	166,380	170,340
Austrian	270	145	125	17,565	8,670	8,895
Bavarian	0	0	0	50	45	0
Belgian	2,155	1,065	1,090	9,660	4,745	4,915
Dutch	1,085	535	550	36,230	17,500	18,730
Flemish	35	20	15	805	415	395
Frisian	10	10	0	70	35	35
German	5,020	2,485	2,530	296,385	146,600	149,780
Luxembourger	20	0	15	500	275	225
Swiss	990	485	500	4,710	2,370	2,340
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	0	0	0	35	25	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	955	460	500	115,995	56,380	59,615
Danish	270	140	130	11,530	5,605	5,935
Finnish	50	25	20	5,400	2,585	2,815
Icelandic	25	0	15	8,255	4,055	4,205
Norwegian	295	125	170	68,640	33,310	35,335
Swedish	240	115	125	32,815	15,630	17,185
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	110	65	45	3,530	1,735	1,790
Eastern European origins	3,130	1,515	1,615	243,055	119,620	123,435
Bulgarian	85	40	40	355	190	160
Byelorussian	50	25	20	290	150	140
Czech	100	55	40	4,960	2,545	2,415
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	55	20	40	2,765	1,270	1,495
Estonian	15	10	15	265	150	115
Hungarian	390	185	205	27,885	13,730	14,155
Latvian	15	15	0	535	265	265
Lithuanian	40	15	25	1,045	550	500
Moldovan	10	0	0	345	145	200
Polish	1,125	530	590	59,950	28,680	31,275
Romanian	365	200	165	12,730	6,215	6,515
Russian	550	250	300	39,395	19,620	19,775
Slovak	115	60	60	1,390	750	645
Ukrainian	620	280	340	143,700	70,670	73,025
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	25	0	25	255	115	135
Southern European origins	8,815	4,425	4,385	27,415	13,420	13,995
Albanian	25	0	15	605	310	290
Bosnian	445	210	235	515	260	260
Catalan	35	20	15	15	10	10
Croatian	220	95	115	2,570	1,295	1,275
Cypriot	0	0	0	45	35	10
Greek	440	185	255	2,880	1,475	1,400
Italian	4,735	2,415	2,320	11,310	5,585	5,725
Kosovar	0	0	0	30	25	10
Macedonian	20	10	15	110	45	65
Maltese	20	10	15	125	65	60
Montenegrin	20	0	10	85	40	40
Portuguese	710	325	385	1,885	850	1,035
Serbian	650	305	345	1,300	670	630
Sicilian	65	55	10	100	75	25
Slovenian	40	25	15	640	275	365
Spanish	1,820	930	890	5,670	2,615	3,050
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	225	130	100	1,065	535	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	0	35	0	30
Other European origins	675	320	355	3,885	2,075	1,805
Basque	160	80	75	50	40	10
Jewish	165	70	95	1,725	905	815
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	0	165	85	80
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	0	0	0	200	95	105
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	340	160	175	1,755	965	790
Caribbean origins	1,225	615	615	3,810	2,005	1,805
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	10	15	10	0
Barbadian	25	15	10	110	45	60
Bermudan	0	0	0	20	20	0
Carib	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cuban	160	75	85	185	125	55
Dominican	150	100	55	115	75	45
Grenadian	20	15	0	60	25	30
Guadeloupean	30	15	10	0	0	0
Haitian	755	355	395	110	75	40
Jamaican	40	15	20	2,250	1,200	1,050
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	25	10	15	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	10	0	10	55	15	40
St. Lucian	0	0	0	45	15	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	10	415	215	200
Vincentian/Grenadinian	0	0	0	30	20	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	15	15	0	355	135	225
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	45	20	25	190	90	100
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,925	1,890	2,035	6,695	3,295	3,400
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	125	55	60	300	150	150
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	100	65	35	160	60	95
Belizean	0	0	0	55	35	15
Bolivian	40	10	30	45	30	15
Brazilian	230	105	125	305	150	155
Chilean	170	90	80	860	450	415
Colombian	1,410	700	710	705	335	370
Costa Rican	0	0	0	50	15	35
Ecuadorian	20	15	10	105	70	30
Guatemalan	205	90	115	270	135	140
Guyanese	20	15	10	185	110	75
Hispanic	15	10	10	125	75	50
Honduran	100	55	45	95	45	50
Maya	15	0	15	140	75	65
Mexican	660	340	320	2,125	1,060	1,065
Nicaraguan	200	90	110	140	50	90
Panamanian	10	0	10	15	0	10
Paraguayan	0	0	0	40	30	10
Peruvian	250	105	150	295	120	175
Salvadorean	260	125	135	765	350	415
Uruguayan	45	30	20	65	20	40
Venezuelan	100	40	60	55	30	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	120	50	70	320	165	160
African origins	5,460	2,895	2,565	16,170	8,480	7,690
Central and West African origins	1,885	965	920	4,440	2,355	2,090
Akan	0	0	0	115	80	40
Angolan	25	20	10	10	0	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	10	10	0
Beninese	70	50	15	0	0	0
Burkinabe	70	30	40	20	15	10
Cameroonian	240	135	110	205	90	110
Chadian	65	30	35	0	0	0
Congolese	560	260	300	530	290	240
Edo	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ewe	10	10	0	10	0	0
Gabonese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Gambian	0	10	0	40	20	15
Ghanaian	20	15	10	555	320	235
Guinean	30	15	15	25	20	10
Ibo	0	0	0	485	275	215
Ivorian	80	40	40	75	35	45
Liberian	25	20	10	85	25	60
Malian	105	50	55	30	15	15
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	50	35	20	1,715	875	835
Peulh	15	15	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	200	95	105	20	15	10
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	40	25	10
Togolese	105	55	50	55	35	20
Wolof	25	20	0	0	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	520	270	255
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	280	150	130	235	115	125
North African origins	2,205	1,210	995	2,190	1,210	980
Algerian	480	245	225	70	50	15
Berber	390	240	150	55	45	15
Coptic	0	0	0	40	15	20
Dinka	0	0	0	35	20	15
Egyptian	250	125	120	535	290	245
Libyan	35	15	20	205	115	85
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	840	455	385	220	110	115
Sudanese	40	35	10	935	515	420
Tunisian	265	145	120	105	60	50
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	30	15	15	40	30	10
Southern and East African origins	825	420	405	6,320	3,210	3,110
Afrikaner	0	0	0	60	35	30
Amhara	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	95	65	35	45	30	10
Burundian	365	180	190	300	155	145
Djiboutian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Eritrean	0	0	0	1,130	540	590
Ethiopian	0	0	0	675	335	345
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	190	95	95
Malagasy	120	60	60	10	0	10
Mauritian	10	10	10	205	90	110
Oromo	0	0	0	140	65	75
Rwandan	140	65	80	80	20	60
Seychellois	0	0	0	10	10	0
Somali	10	10	0	1,275	635	635
South African	20	15	0	1,295	680	615
Tanzanian	10	10	0	55	35	20
Tigrian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Ugandan	0	0	0	90	40	50
Zambian	0	0	0	190	90	100
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	260	170	90
Zulu	0	0	0	35	30	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	55	35	20	535	300	240
Other African origins	660	370	290	3,605	1,940	1,665
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	40	30	10	345	190	160
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	630	345	280	3,290	1,770	1,525
Asian origins	5,915	2,855	3,060	99,125	49,845	49,280
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	3,555	1,760	1,795	9,415	5,015	4,400
Afghan	1,200	610	595	780	390	385
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	605	310	290	1,175	645	530
Armenian	150	70	80	240	130	115
Assyrian	10	10	0	215	120	95
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	50	25	25
Georgian	10	0	0	35	20	10
Hazara	25	15	10	25	10	20
Iranian	270	135	130	1,345	740	600
Iraqi	225	90	130	1,290	690	605
Israeli	15	10	10	120	75	50
Jordanian	15	10	0	75	40	30
Kazakh	10	0	10	30	15	15
Kurd	20	10	10	200	110	90
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	30	10	20
Lebanese	375	210	165	1,360	660	700
Palestinian	30	15	10	120	60	55
Pashtun	25	0	15	175	100	75
Saudi Arabian	10	10	0	110	80	30
Syrian	610	275	335	1,365	740	625
Tajik	25	15	15	10	10	0
Tatar	0	0	0	60	25	35
Turk	130	70	65	860	450	405
Turkmen	0	0	0	20	10	10
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	70	15	50
Yemeni	0	0	0	45	20	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	45	20	20	265	130	130
South Asian origins	500	275	225	29,830	15,955	13,870
Bangladeshi	25	10	15	2,040	1,090	945
Bengali	0	0	0	600	350	250
Bhutanese	60	35	25	210	110	100
East Indian	265	145	125	18,695	10,090	8,600
Goan	0	0	0	45	25	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	195	105	95
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	75	40
Nepali	45	30	15	565	320	245
Pakistani	70	30	35	6,255	3,220	3,035
Punjabi	0	0	0	1,425	790	635
Sinhalese	25	20	10	65	30	30
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	515	290	225
Tamil	15	0	15	120	65	55
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	0	0	0	1,075	545	530
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,890	840	1,050	60,010	28,955	31,060
Burmese	0	0	0	465	210	260
Cambodian (Khmer)	135	65	70	305	165	145
Chinese	825	330	495	19,075	9,300	9,780
Filipino	95	30	65	33,630	16,200	17,425
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	0	10	220	115	105
Japanese	115	45	65	1,220	530	690
Karen	0	0	0	585	290	290
Korean	105	40	70	2,025	870	1,155
Laotian	110	50	60	705	335	380
Malaysian	0	0	0	160	75	80
Mongolian	50	45	10	205	105	100
Singaporean	0	0	0	10	0	10
Taiwanese	40	15	25	265	115	155
Thai	60	25	30	420	170	250
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	35	25
Vietnamese	430	230	200	3,690	1,885	1,800
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	0	0	0	95	40	55
Other Asian origins	30	15	10	735	340	390
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	25	20	10	735	345	385
Oceania origins	70	30	40	1,430	760	665
Australian	20	0	15	890	505	385
New Zealander	20	10	0	265	140	125
Pacific Islands origins	30	15	15	310	140	170
Fijian	0	0	0	110	60	50
Hawaiian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Maori	0	0	0	45	0	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	15	15	25	15	10
Samoan	0	0	0	55	25	30
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	0	0	60	25	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	142,875	...	...	432,620	...	...
Owner	89,260	...	...	311,470	...	...
Renter	53,615	...	...	109,685	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	11,470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	142,875	...	...	432,620	...	...
Condominium	9,855	...	...	41,960	...	...
Not condominium	133,015	...	...	390,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	142,875	...	...	432,625	...	...
No bedrooms	790	...	...	1,290	...	...
1 bedroom	18,615	...	...	40,600	...	...
2 bedrooms	44,415	...	...	97,340	...	...
3 bedrooms	49,605	...	...	148,060	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	29,455	...	...	145,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	142,875	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	45,880	...	...	92,375	...	...
5 rooms	25,390	...	...	67,645	...	...
6 rooms	18,525	...	...	64,215	...	...
7 rooms	17,470	...	...	57,945	...	...
8 or more rooms	35,595	...	...	150,440	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	142,875	...	...	432,625	...	...
One person or fewer per room	142,205	...	...	422,915	...	...
More than 1 person per room	665	...	...	9,705	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	142,875	...	...	432,620	...	...
Suitable	140,090	...	...	412,220	...	...
Not suitable	2,785	...	...	20,410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	142,875	...	...	432,620	...	...
1960 or before	37,475	...	...	101,805	...	...
1961 to 1980	41,090	...	...	150,440	...	...
1981 to 1990	19,985	...	...	62,270	...	...
1991 to 2000	16,290	...	...	33,495	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,470	...	...	17,905	...	...
2006 to 2010	10,120	...	...	28,610	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	9,450	...	...	38,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	142,875	...	...	432,625	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	134,255	...	...	395,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	8,620	...	...	37,520	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	142,875	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 household maintainer	89,650	...	...	261,245	...	...
2 household maintainers	51,960	...	...	162,550	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	1,265	...	...	8,825	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	142,875	...	...	432,625	...	...
15 to 24 years	6,675	...	...	18,235	...	...
25 to 34 years	18,955	...	...	72,225	...	...
35 to 44 years	21,795	...	...	73,675	...	...
45 to 54 years	25,510	...	...	77,920	...	...
55 to 64 years	30,240	...	...	84,110	...	...
65 to 74 years	24,870	...	...	56,280	...	...
75 to 84 years	11,325	...	...	34,845	...	...
85 years and over	3,500	...	...	15,340	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	140,880	...	...	396,790	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	113,135	...	...	316,505	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	27,745	...	...	80,295	...	...
30% to less than 100%	25,180	...	...	70,690	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	87,525	...	...	289,805	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	59.9	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	845	...	...	1,001	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	922	...	...	1,178	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	200,229	...	...	299,606	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	234,587	...	...	318,917	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	53,460	...	...	107,535	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	8.4	...	...	21.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	32.2	...	...	42.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	610	...	...	965	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	659	...	...	1,021	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	259,020	128,335	130,690	857,295	424,265	433,035
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,280	29,560	26,725	177,210	96,680	80,530
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	54,900	25,920	28,980	261,210	133,730	127,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	147,845	72,855	74,990	418,880	193,855	225,025
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	51,545	31,080	20,460	89,440	64,100	25,340
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	37,090	19,555	17,535	38,045	21,495	16,550
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	14,450	11,525	2,925	51,395	42,605	8,790
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	44,380	18,760	25,625	146,770	51,240	95,530
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,700	2,995	4,710	28,195	10,790	17,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	44,220	20,015	24,200	154,480	67,730	86,745
Bachelor's degree	26,300	10,970	15,335	112,760	47,490	65,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,510	1,515	1,995	7,635	3,400	4,235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,795	935	860	4,830	2,580	2,245
Master's degree	9,945	4,830	5,115	24,375	11,095	13,275
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,670	1,770	900	4,880	3,155	1,725
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	163,390	81,025	82,365	566,245	282,510	283,735
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,935	14,060	10,875	69,200	42,050	27,150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	30,220	14,765	15,460	168,035	88,530	79,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	108,235	52,200	56,030	329,005	151,930	177,075
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	39,705	23,095	16,610	66,955	48,885	18,075
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,095	14,650	14,445	27,765	16,095	11,670
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	10,610	8,440	2,170	39,190	32,785	6,400
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	29,870	12,875	16,995	115,085	41,085	74,000
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,695	1,710	2,980	19,380	7,775	11,605
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	33,965	14,525	19,445	127,585	54,190	73,395
Bachelor's degree	20,545	8,385	12,165	92,905	38,180	54,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,405	860	1,540	5,890	2,525	3,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,385	610	775	4,065	1,995	2,070
Master's degree	7,590	3,395	4,195	20,975	9,170	11,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,040	1,270	770	3,750	2,320	1,435
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	259,025	128,335	130,690	857,295	424,265	433,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	111,180	55,480	55,700	438,420	230,405	208,005
Education	11,980	2,925	9,060	40,995	10,635	30,355
13. Education	11,980	2,920	9,055	40,990	10,635	30,350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,315	1,845	2,470	8,870	4,150	4,720
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	720	525	190	2,015	1,455	560
50. Visual and performing arts	3,595	1,315	2,280	6,850	2,690	4,160
Humanities	8,360	3,615	4,745	15,400	6,905	8,495
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	890	225	665	1,030	260	770
23. English language and literature/letters	325	105	225	3,180	990	2,190
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,130	1,760	2,380	3,105	1,185	1,920
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	20	20	35	0	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	395	260	130	1,180	695	480
39. Theology and religious vocations	695	410	285	4,700	2,645	2,050
54. History	745	475	275	1,760	1,000	760
55. French language and literature/letters	1,135	370	770	425	120	300
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,970	3,800	8,165	30,500	10,015	20,485
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	215	70	140	750	185	565
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,245	410	835	2,060	905	1,160
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,825	245	2,580	6,805	425	6,380
22. Legal professions and studies	1,955	805	1,150	5,410	1,930	3,480
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	395	40	350	465	155	310
42. Psychology	2,745	755	1,995	5,555	1,480	4,075
45. Social sciences	2,590	1,470	1,120	9,455	4,940	4,510
Business, management and public administration	30,100	9,855	20,240	85,800	25,105	60,695
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	20	20	240	50	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,065	450	1,610	8,250	1,710	6,545
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	28,000	9,390	18,610	77,310	23,350	53,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,325	3,095	2,235	11,455	5,905	5,550
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,070	1,030	1,040	5,675	2,515	3,160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	560	325	235	1,395	725	670
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,230	690	540	105	25	80
40. Physical sciences	1,145	915	235	3,240	2,265	970
41. Science technologies/technicians	315	135	180	1,045	375	670
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,980	2,675	1,305	11,695	7,040	4,655
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,280	2,335	945	9,390	6,135	3,250
25. Library science	250	55	195	990	85	905
27. Mathematics and statistics	400	245	155	1,145	700	445
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	50	30	20	170	110	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	34,240	32,120	2,115	93,145	86,660	6,485
04. Architecture and related services	520	310	210	1,520	960	560
14. Engineering	3,970	3,415	550	14,090	11,790	2,300
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	6,630	5,970	660	13,790	12,290	1,505
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	8,370	8,190	180	24,650	23,840	810
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	8,170	7,980	190	26,325	25,535	790
48. Precision production	6,580	6,260	320	12,765	12,240	525
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,770	3,155	1,610	16,655	12,040	4,615
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,100	1,905	1,190	13,585	9,885	3,705
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,675	1,255	425	3,075	2,160	910
Health and related fields	21,525	4,355	17,170	74,750	12,215	62,530
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	1,260	770	490	4,340	2,030	2,315
51. Health professions and related programs	19,675	3,270	16,400	69,090	9,460	59,630
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	595	315	275	1,315	725	590
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,130	5,380	5,745	29,585	13,165	16,420
12. Personal and culinary services	7,050	1,760	5,290	18,450	3,845	14,605
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	10	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	175	160	20
43. Security and protective services	1,700	1,435	265	5,070	3,705	1,360
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,335	2,145	195	5,880	5,450	430
Other	155	30	130	40	20	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	160	30	125	40	20	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	163,390	81,025	82,365	566,245	282,510	283,730
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	55,160	28,825	26,335	237,235	130,580	106,660
Education	7,770	1,640	6,130	28,195	6,885	21,310
13. Education	7,770	1,645	6,125	28,195	6,885	21,310
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,130	1,305	1,825	7,175	3,350	3,825
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	555	385	170	1,550	1,100	450
50. Visual and performing arts	2,575	920	1,655	5,630	2,250	3,380
Humanities	4,805	2,080	2,720	11,760	5,110	6,650
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	585	130	450	825	205	620
23. English language and literature/letters	200	60	130	2,470	745	1,735
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,175	970	1,205	2,515	910	1,605
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	10	10	10	30	10	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	230	150	75	920	540	380
39. Theology and religious vocations	360	220	140	3,345	1,905	1,435
54. History	520	340	175	1,365	725	640
55. French language and literature/letters	735	195	540	285	75	205
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,905	2,495	6,410	25,830	8,205	17,625
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	185	55	130	670	165	505
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	940	345	600	1,870	800	1,065
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,340	145	2,200	5,680	350	5,330
22. Legal professions and studies	1,400	495	910	4,735	1,550	3,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	275	30	250	370	120	250
42. Psychology	1,960	480	1,480	4,335	1,055	3,280
45. Social sciences	1,805	955	855	8,175	4,160	4,010
Business, management and public administration	22,955	6,850	16,105	69,300	20,470	48,835
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	15	15	195	35	165
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,585	310	1,275	6,795	1,230	5,570
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	21,345	6,525	14,815	62,310	19,205	43,105
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,050	1,765	1,285	8,985	4,575	4,405
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,585	765	820	4,490	1,995	2,495
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	165	105	1,085	530	550
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	190	135	55	95	25	70
40. Physical sciences	790	595	190	2,545	1,700	845
41. Science technologies/technicians	220	105	115	770	320	450
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,315	2,270	1,050	10,235	6,210	4,030
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,880	2,070	815	8,590	5,615	2,970
25. Library science	155	40	115	730	60	670
27. Mathematics and statistics	235	135	100	760	430	335
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	40	20	20	160	105	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	25,740	23,920	1,820	72,720	67,225	5,500
04. Architecture and related services	365	205	155	1,215	745	470
14. Engineering	3,365	2,850	515	11,685	9,635	2,045
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	5,125	4,540	580	11,195	9,865	1,330
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	5,820	5,700	130	18,905	18,275	630
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,230	6,080	155	19,855	19,240	620
48. Precision production	4,830	4,545	285	9,865	9,460	410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,785	2,405	1,380	13,365	9,360	4,005
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,415	1,415	1,000	10,720	7,545	3,175
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,365	990	380	2,645	1,815	835
Health and related fields	15,755	3,150	12,610	57,985	9,720	48,265
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	945	560	380	3,520	1,635	1,890
51. Health professions and related programs	14,340	2,370	11,975	53,345	7,510	45,835
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	470	215	255	1,120	580	545
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,905	4,300	4,605	23,415	10,820	12,600
12. Personal and culinary services	5,570	1,370	4,200	14,320	3,175	11,155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	15	0	100	95	0
43. Security and protective services	1,350	1,120	230	4,055	2,955	1,105
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,965	1,790	180	4,935	4,590	340
Other	120	30	95	35	15	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	120	30	90	35	10	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	259,025	128,335	130,690	857,300	424,265	433,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	111,180	55,485	55,700	438,415	230,410	208,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	147,845	72,855	74,990	418,880	193,855	225,025
Location of study inside Canada	141,135	69,165	71,970	366,620	167,715	198,905
Same as province or territory of residence	138,430	67,685	70,745	293,455	130,990	162,465
Different than province or territory of residence	2,705	1,480	1,225	73,165	36,725	36,445
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	6,710	3,685	3,020	52,260	26,140	26,120
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	960	590	375	7,230	3,670	3,560
Philippines	35	0	40	13,980	6,230	7,750
India	45	20	20	6,215	3,280	2,930
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	215	135	75	3,250	1,830	1,420
China^{Census data footnote 162}	95	40	55	2,730	1,295	1,435
France	2,025	1,200	825	220	125	95
Other	3,345	1,700	1,640	18,630	9,705	8,925
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	163,390	81,025	82,365	566,245	282,510	283,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,160	28,825	26,330	237,235	130,580	106,660
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	108,235	52,205	56,035	329,010	151,930	177,075
Location of study inside Canada	103,170	49,610	53,560	283,450	129,445	154,005
Same as province or territory of residence	101,410	48,715	52,700	225,420	100,405	125,010
Different than province or territory of residence	1,755	895	865	58,035	29,035	28,995
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	5,065	2,590	2,475	45,560	22,490	23,070
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	585	310	275	5,210	2,495	2,715
Philippines	35	0	35	13,335	5,950	7,385
India	30	20	10	5,560	2,935	2,625
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	110	70	45	2,180	1,275	905
China^{Census data footnote 162}	80	30	50	2,520	1,180	1,345
France	1,490	840	650	200	115	85
Other	2,730	1,320	1,410	16,555	8,540	8,015
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	259,025	128,335	130,690	857,295	424,260	433,035
In the labour force	159,015	82,785	76,230	585,540	311,110	274,430
Employed	148,890	76,970	71,920	544,095	286,330	257,760
Unemployed	10,120	5,815	4,310	41,445	24,775	16,665
Not in the labour force	100,005	45,550	54,460	271,760	113,155	158,605
Participation rate	61.4	64.5	58.3	68.3	73.3	63.4
Employment rate	57.5	60.0	55.0	63.5	67.5	59.5
Unemployment rate	6.4	7.0	5.7	7.1	8.0	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	259,020	128,335	130,690	857,295	424,260	433,030
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	91,740	40,935	50,800	242,835	100,140	142,695
Worked	167,285	87,395	79,890	614,460	324,130	290,335
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	76,830	42,605	34,225	313,945	180,260	133,690
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	90,460	44,795	45,660	300,515	143,870	156,650
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.3	42.6	42.6	43.1	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	159,015	82,790	76,230	585,535	311,110	274,425
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	3,330	1,680	1,655	10,230	5,205	5,020
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	155,685	81,105	74,580	575,310	305,900	269,405
Employee	134,710	68,480	66,225	490,180	250,460	239,710
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	20,975	12,620	8,350	85,130	55,440	29,695
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	159,015	82,785	76,230	585,535	311,105	274,430
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	3,335	1,680	1,655	10,225	5,205	5,020
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	155,685	81,105	74,575	575,310	305,905	269,410
0 Management occupations	14,920	9,610	5,310	81,060	54,030	27,035
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	20,580	5,860	14,715	80,640	20,280	60,355
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,420	6,685	1,730	28,325	21,685	6,640
3 Health occupations	13,130	2,570	10,565	41,675	6,510	35,170
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	19,365	5,820	13,545	64,685	19,715	44,970
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,975	1,875	2,100	10,760	4,025	6,735
6 Sales and service occupations	35,140	14,645	20,490	124,090	50,165	73,920
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	23,775	22,570	1,200	99,755	93,540	6,215
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,720	2,960	760	28,155	22,590	5,565
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	12,670	8,515	4,155	16,165	13,370	2,800
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	159,015	82,785	76,230	585,540	311,105	274,430
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	3,330	1,680	1,650	10,225	5,200	5,020
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	155,685	81,105	74,575	575,310	305,905	269,410
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,875	4,215	1,660	51,255	36,820	14,440
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	355	335	20	23,070	20,040	3,025
22 Utilities	445	360	85	5,395	3,780	1,610
23 Construction	10,160	9,060	1,100	49,310	43,460	5,850
31-33 Manufacturing	26,020	18,755	7,265	26,710	21,000	5,710
41 Wholesale trade	3,785	2,660	1,120	20,480	15,325	5,155
44-45 Retail trade	18,335	8,270	10,070	63,360	30,185	33,180
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,140	4,065	1,080	24,755	19,385	5,370
51 Information and cultural industries	2,005	1,215	790	10,005	5,055	4,950
52 Finance and insurance	3,590	1,165	2,430	20,155	6,495	13,655
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,625	935	695	7,650	4,425	3,220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,020	4,280	3,740	25,250	12,985	12,265
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	30	25	1,340	680	660
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,895	3,575	2,320	16,395	9,660	6,735
61 Educational services	14,030	4,880	9,145	45,360	13,670	31,690
62 Health care and social assistance	22,735	4,310	18,425	72,625	11,285	61,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,705	1,505	1,195	10,545	5,120	5,425
72 Accommodation and food services	10,280	3,905	6,380	37,785	14,295	23,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	7,760	3,790	3,970	25,680	12,590	13,090
91 Public administration	6,870	3,810	3,055	38,180	19,640	18,535
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	148,895	76,975	71,920	544,095	286,330	257,760
Worked at home	11,930	6,310	5,625	59,385	34,110	25,275
Worked outside Canada	530	330	200	840	550	295
No fixed workplace address	12,650	9,780	2,875	68,510	54,860	13,650
Worked at usual place	123,780	60,555	63,225	415,355	196,815	218,545
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	123,775	60,550	63,225	415,355	196,815	218,540
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	73,535	34,555	38,985	288,875	131,440	157,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,595	6,430	7,165	89,420	45,175	44,250
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	36,415	19,440	16,980	28,040	15,365	12,675
Commute to a different province or territory	225	135	95	9,015	4,830	4,185
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	136,430	70,335	66,095	483,865	251,675	232,190
Car, truck, van - as a driver	116,405	60,945	55,460	402,405	216,695	185,705
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	5,510	2,325	3,185	27,960	10,265	17,695
Public transit	4,055	1,685	2,375	13,825	5,380	8,445
Walked	8,350	3,985	4,365	27,120	11,505	15,615
Bicycle	915	730	190	5,475	3,415	2,065
Other method	1,190	660	525	7,075	4,410	2,665
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	136,435	70,335	66,095	483,865	251,675	232,190
Less than 15 minutes	54,140	26,750	27,390	212,525	101,290	111,235
15 to 29 minutes	52,685	26,220	26,465	179,160	95,105	84,055
30 to 44 minutes	19,550	10,980	8,570	53,345	30,035	23,310
45 to 59 minutes	5,340	3,055	2,285	17,630	10,285	7,345
60 minutes and over	4,715	3,330	1,380	21,205	14,960	6,245
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	136,430	70,335	66,100	483,865	251,675	232,190
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,330	4,610	1,725	29,630	21,835	7,800
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25,960	17,810	8,145	88,420	56,715	31,705
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	47,120	22,570	24,545	158,875	83,520	75,355
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	26,310	10,390	15,925	101,065	40,385	60,680
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,795	3,750	6,045	41,740	16,680	25,065
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20,910	11,200	9,710	64,140	32,540	31,600
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	172,050	89,525	82,525	633,325	332,450	300,875
Single responses	165,780	86,215	79,565	630,465	331,130	299,335
Official languages	165,465	86,055	79,410	626,545	329,115	297,435
English	9,710	5,210	4,500	624,555	328,520	296,030
French	155,750	80,840	74,915	1,995	590	1,405
Non-official languages	315	165	150	3,920	2,020	1,895
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	1,540	775	770
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	915	485	435
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	905	470	430
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	55	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	40	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	770	395	375
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	290	340
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	625	285	340
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	625	285	335
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	315	165	155	2,375	1,245	1,130
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	20	0	115	100	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	25	10	110	95	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	25	20	10	75	65	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	20	20	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	10	0	245	135	115
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	245	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	205	105	95
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	185	100	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	245	120	125	560	250	305
Albanian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	100	35	60
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	95	35	60
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	65	20	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	30	10	165	95	65
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	10	0	40	25	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	20	0	80	50	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	15	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	95	40	55	180	75	100
Indo-Aryan languages	15	15	0	160	70	90
Bengali	0	0	0	25	15	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hindi	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40	20	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Urdu	15	15	0	50	25	30
Iranian languages	85	20	55	20	10	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	75	25	55	25	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	50	40	110	45	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Spanish	90	50	40	105	40	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	110	40	70
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	10	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	60	35	30
American Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	50	30	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	0	1,030	560	465
Chinese languages	15	10	0	990	540	450
Cantonese	0	0	0	250	140	105
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mandarin	15	10	10	605	310	300
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	135	90	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	25	20
Burmese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	15	10	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	15	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,270	3,310	2,960	2,860	1,315	1,540
English and French	6,040	3,195	2,845	650	235	410
English and non-official language	35	20	15	2,190	1,065	1,125
French and non-official language	115	45	70	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	75	45	30	20	15	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	172,050	89,525	82,525	633,320	332,445	300,875
None	126,570	65,565	61,010	613,955	323,280	290,670
English	38,830	20,460	18,375	3,515	1,450	2,070
French	5,615	2,985	2,635	3,800	1,675	2,125
Non-official language	615	295	320	11,880	5,960	5,925
Aboriginal	0	0	0	4,590	2,095	2,490
Non-Aboriginal	610	290	320	7,290	3,860	3,435
English and French	20	15	10	0	0	0
English and non-official language	335	175	160	10	0	10
French and non-official language	65	45	25	170	90	85
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	306,860	153,225	153,635	1,055,820	525,975	529,850
Non-movers	266,880	133,570	133,310	905,630	451,665	453,965
Movers	39,980	19,655	20,325	150,195	74,310	75,880
Non-migrants	23,955	11,840	12,120	89,005	43,990	45,015
Migrants	16,020	7,815	8,210	61,185	30,320	30,865
Internal migrants	13,820	6,700	7,120	49,930	24,855	25,075
Intraprovincial migrants	13,290	6,385	6,900	35,965	17,690	18,275
Interprovincial migrants	530	315	215	13,970	7,165	6,805
External migrants	2,210	1,115	1,090	11,255	5,465	5,790
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	293,505	146,275	147,240	998,200	496,505	501,695
Non-movers	184,780	92,635	92,145	602,890	300,715	302,175
Movers	108,730	53,640	55,095	395,310	195,790	199,520
Non-migrants	61,725	30,505	31,215	201,450	99,955	101,495
Migrants	47,010	23,130	23,875	193,860	95,835	98,025
Internal migrants	41,235	20,315	20,915	147,360	72,815	74,540
Intraprovincial migrants	39,995	19,690	20,300	98,780	47,825	50,950
Interprovincial migrants	1,245	625	615	48,585	24,995	23,590
External migrants	5,770	2,815	2,960	46,500	23,015	23,485

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

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Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Saskatchewan [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Saskatchewan [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Saskatchewan [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Estrie [Economic region], Quebec and Saskatchewan [Province]