Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Manitoba [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Winnipeg Manitoba [Economic region]			Manitoba [Province]
	Data quality , Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba Map : Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba Change geography 1			Data quality : Manitoba [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	708,823	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	666,832	...	...	1,208,268	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	295,343	...	...	539,748	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	282,116	...	...	489,050	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,240.1	...	...	2.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	571.60	...	...	552,370.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	708,825	346,405	362,415	1,278,365	631,400	646,970
0 to 14 years	119,360	61,300	58,060	243,820	125,110	118,710
0 to 4 years	39,340	20,325	19,015	81,065	41,710	39,355
5 to 9 years	40,415	20,550	19,870	83,375	42,565	40,805
10 to 14 years	39,605	20,425	19,180	79,380	40,835	38,545
15 to 64 years	478,695	237,685	241,010	835,580	417,260	418,320
15 to 19 years	43,385	22,460	20,930	82,440	42,555	39,890
20 to 24 years	50,860	25,990	24,870	86,760	44,465	42,295
25 to 29 years	52,410	26,270	26,140	86,695	43,570	43,125
30 to 34 years	51,320	25,400	25,925	85,185	42,210	42,975
35 to 39 years	48,180	23,590	24,600	81,105	39,885	41,215
40 to 44 years	45,990	22,710	23,285	79,325	39,530	39,795
45 to 49 years	45,530	22,375	23,150	79,350	39,220	40,130
50 to 54 years	50,450	24,905	25,550	89,840	44,485	45,355
55 to 59 years	48,275	23,770	24,500	87,765	43,555	44,210
60 to 64 years	42,295	20,225	22,075	77,110	37,780	39,325
65 years and over	110,765	47,425	63,345	198,965	89,025	109,945
65 to 69 years	35,695	16,635	19,060	64,905	31,280	33,625
70 to 74 years	24,845	11,390	13,460	45,980	21,940	24,040
75 to 79 years	18,295	7,905	10,395	33,555	15,250	18,305
80 to 84 years	14,660	5,990	8,665	25,315	10,740	14,575
85 years and over	17,270	5,500	11,770	29,210	9,810	19,395
85 to 89 years	10,270	3,645	6,625	17,335	6,460	10,875
90 to 94 years	5,325	1,515	3,805	8,945	2,710	6,230
95 to 99 years	1,435	300	1,135	2,520	580	1,940
100 years and over	245	30	210	415	60	350
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.7	16.0	19.1	19.8	18.3
15 to 64 years	67.5	68.6	66.5	65.4	66.1	64.7
65 years and over	15.6	13.7	17.5	15.6	14.1	17.0
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.2	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	39.9	38.6	41.1	39.2	38.2	40.2
Median age of the population	38.8	37.4	40.1	38.3	37.2	39.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	282,115	...	...	489,050	...	...
Single-detached house	167,990	...	...	331,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	36,735	...	...	39,080	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	76,765	...	...	108,120	...	...
Semi-detached house	10,585	...	...	15,865	...	...
Row house	10,055	...	...	17,225	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,095	...	...	7,065	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	50,695	...	...	67,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	325	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	630	...	...	10,435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	282,115	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 person	84,710	...	...	135,500	...	...
2 persons	90,445	...	...	164,880	...	...
3 persons	42,775	...	...	71,065	...	...
4 persons	38,580	...	...	66,675	...	...
5 or more persons	25,610	...	...	50,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	693,030	...	...	1,240,700	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	589,465	285,105	304,360	1,034,545	506,280	528,260
Married or living common law	319,770	159,895	159,875	593,615	297,280	296,335
Married	270,525	135,280	135,245	503,390	252,210	251,175
Living common law	49,245	24,615	24,630	90,230	45,075	45,155
Not married and not living common law	269,695	125,210	144,485	440,925	209,000	231,930
Never married	183,865	97,845	86,020	300,415	162,440	137,980
Separated	15,265	6,520	8,740	24,845	11,080	13,765
Divorced	35,920	13,835	22,085	54,860	22,780	32,080
Widowed	34,650	7,010	27,635	60,805	12,700	48,100
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	190,360	...	...	346,160	...	...
2 persons	92,580	...	...	171,435	...	...
3 persons	42,445	...	...	71,630	...	...
4 persons	37,910	...	...	65,500	...	...
5 or more persons	17,425	...	...	37,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	190,360	...	...	346,160	...	...
Total couple families	155,195	...	...	287,200	...	...
Married couples	130,575	...	...	242,100	...	...
Common-law couples	24,615	...	...	45,100	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	35,170	...	...	58,960	...	...
Female parent	28,020	...	...	45,930	...	...
Male parent	7,150	...	...	13,025	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	155,190	...	...	287,205	...	...
Couples without children	71,190	...	...	137,135	...	...
Couples with children	84,000	...	...	150,070	...	...
1 child	32,900	...	...	55,730	...	...
2 children	35,070	...	...	59,965	...	...
3 or more children	16,035	...	...	34,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	35,170	...	...	58,960	...	...
1 child	21,390	...	...	34,305	...	...
2 children	9,545	...	...	15,895	...	...
3 or more children	4,230	...	...	8,765	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	135,090	64,780	70,310	212,415	104,435	107,980
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	282,115	...	...	489,050	...	...
One-census-family households	177,610	...	...	323,125	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	67,100	...	...	130,475	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	110,505	...	...	192,650	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	6,180	...	...	11,110	...	...
Non-census-family households	98,320	...	...	154,815	...	...
One-person households	84,710	...	...	135,495	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	13,615	...	...	19,315	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	699,295	342,465	356,825	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
English only	616,790	305,830	310,960	1,135,395	566,980	568,410
French only	980	440	540	1,485	680	800
English and French	70,490	31,460	39,025	108,460	49,205	59,255
Neither English nor French	11,040	4,735	6,300	16,285	7,235	9,050
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	699,295	342,465	356,825	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
English	663,455	326,205	337,250	1,203,025	596,475	606,550
French	22,225	10,265	11,960	39,200	18,880	20,325
English and French	2,875	1,420	1,450	3,545	1,755	1,790
Neither English nor French	10,740	4,580	6,165	15,840	6,985	8,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	23,660	10,975	12,685	40,975	19,760	21,215
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.2	3.2	3.3
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	699,295	342,465	356,830	1,261,620	624,095	637,520
Single responses	676,590	331,480	345,110	1,230,115	608,820	621,300
Official languages	497,010	245,450	251,560	941,130	468,430	472,705
English	474,545	235,105	239,440	900,610	448,960	451,645
French	22,465	10,350	12,120	40,520	19,465	21,055
Non-official languages	179,580	86,025	93,555	288,985	140,395	148,590
Aboriginal languages	3,585	1,395	2,190	29,710	14,265	15,440
Algonquian languages	3,425	1,335	2,085	28,070	13,505	14,565
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,120	420	700	14,820	7,085	7,740
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	5	5	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	5	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	5	10	30	5	20
Plains Cree	45	15	25	70	25	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	325	125	200	745	305	440
Woods Cree	30	10	20	65	20	40
Cree, n.o.s.	705	265	445	13,915	6,725	7,195
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,290	910	1,380	13,235	6,410	6,825
Algonquin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	1,595	635	960	6,730	3,180	3,550
Oji-Cree	695	280	415	6,505	3,235	3,265
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	45	10	35	815	375	445
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	10	35	815	380	440
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	45	10	30	810	375	435
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	50	15	35	80	20	60
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	40	10	25	65	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	25	10	10	80	40	40
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	5
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	35	15	25	630	305	330
Dakota	30	10	20	630	305	325
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	15	10	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	175,995	84,635	91,360	259,280	126,130	133,155
Afro-Asiatic languages	9,850	5,095	4,755	10,700	5,580	5,120
Berber languages	35	25	15	40	25	15
Kabyle	30	15	10	35	15	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	10	5
Cushitic languages	1,690	835	855	1,750	875	875
Bilen	125	70	55	155	85	70
Oromo	335	165	165	345	175	170
Somali	1,225	595	625	1,245	610	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	8,065	4,200	3,865	8,840	4,640	4,200
Amharic	1,520	745	775	1,770	885	885
Arabic	4,280	2,275	2,005	4,695	2,500	2,190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	520	300	220	545	320	225
Maltese	30	10	20	40	20	25
Tigrigna	1,700	860	840	1,770	905	865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	5	5
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	65	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,985	1,875	2,110	4,180	1,970	2,205
Khmer (Cambodian)	265	125	140	280	135	145
Vietnamese	3,720	1,750	1,970	3,895	1,840	2,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages	48,225	22,375	25,850	52,905	24,685	28,220
Bikol	155	70	90	175	80	95
Cebuano	930	420	505	1,245	565	675
Fijian	10	5	5	35	15	15
Hiligaynon	360	155	205	390	170	220
Ilocano	1,265	590	680	1,365	630	730
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	5
Malay	150	60	85	175	65	105
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	595	290	305	655	315	340
Pangasinan	130	60	65	135	65	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	44,460	20,640	23,815	48,530	22,670	25,855
Waray-Waray	45	25	20	50	30	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130	65	70	150	70	85
Creole languages	435	200	235	570	275	305
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	180	90	95	290	140	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	235	105	135	265	120	145
Dravidian languages	1,165	610	555	1,565	825	735
Kannada	85	50	35	95	50	40
Malayalam	520	265	250	790	410	380
Tamil	410	210	200	480	255	230
Telugu	150	85	65	195	115	80
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	10	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Indo-European languages	85,240	41,240	44,000	158,350	77,605	80,750
Albanian	305	155	150	350	170	180
Armenian	60	35	30	65	35	30
Balto-Slavic languages	22,050	9,865	12,190	34,450	15,845	18,605
Baltic languages	110	45	60	165	65	95
Latvian	50	20	30	80	35	45
Lithuanian	65	30	40	85	35	45
Slavic languages	21,940	9,815	12,125	34,280	15,775	18,510
Belarusan	35	15	20	40	20	25
Bosnian	555	280	275	575	285	290
Bulgarian	125	60	65	140	70	65
Croatian	835	390	445	1,030	505	530
Czech	425	205	220	615	310	310
Macedonian	135	65	70	145	70	75
Polish	4,985	2,210	2,780	6,455	2,905	3,545
Russian	5,520	2,665	2,855	9,130	4,495	4,640
Serbian	610	310	295	655	335	320
Serbo-Croatian	230	110	120	240	110	130
Slovak	300	120	180	405	175	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	220	95	125	270	130	140
Ukrainian	7,900	3,255	4,645	14,505	6,325	8,180
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	60	35	30	75	40	30
Celtic languages	50	30	20	115	60	55
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	10	50	25	20
Welsh	15	5	10	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	10	0
Germanic languages	15,965	7,105	8,865	68,670	33,310	35,360
Afrikaans	150	80	75	420	220	205
Danish	160	75	90	280	145	135
Dutch	1,230	590	635	2,675	1,335	1,335
Frisian	20	10	10	55	30	25
German	13,665	6,025	7,645	63,825	30,940	32,890
Icelandic	140	50	95	475	210	260
Norwegian	50	25	30	115	45	65
Swedish	95	40	55	135	70	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	100	40	60	310	125	180
Yiddish	340	165	175	355	175	180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	25	10	10
Greek	1,155	585	570	1,285	665	615
Indo-Iranian languages	29,340	15,490	13,850	32,325	17,135	15,195
Indo-Aryan languages	26,700	14,160	12,540	29,520	15,700	13,820
Bengali	1,095	630	465	1,170	675	495
Gujarati	2,060	1,080	980	3,115	1,660	1,455
Hindi	2,065	1,100	970	2,270	1,215	1,060
Kashmiri	5	5	0	5	5	5
Konkani	25	15	10	35	20	15
Marathi	100	65	40	135	80	50
Nepali	710	350	360	720	355	365
Oriya (Odia)	10	5	5	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,200	9,045	8,155	18,320	9,650	8,670
Sindhi	50	30	25	60	30	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	620	320	300	670	345	320
Urdu	2,740	1,510	1,230	3,015	1,655	1,355
Iranian languages	2,545	1,275	1,270	2,705	1,365	1,335
Kurdish	390	205	190	415	210	200
Pashto	245	105	135	275	130	150
Persian (Farsi)	1,910	965	945	2,020	1,030	990
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	100	60	40
Italic (Romance) languages	16,315	7,980	8,335	21,100	10,385	10,710
Catalan	0	0	5	0	0	5
Italian	3,380	1,655	1,725	3,840	1,910	1,930
Portuguese	5,690	2,740	2,950	6,585	3,190	3,390
Romanian	530	255	275	645	310	335
Spanish	6,705	3,320	3,380	10,005	4,965	5,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	15	5	10
Japanese	485	165	320	540	185	350
Kartvelian languages	15	5	10	15	10	10
Georgian	15	10	5	15	5	5
Korean	3,275	1,560	1,715	3,760	1,810	1,950
Mongolic languages	20	5	15	20	5	15
Mongolian	20	5	15	20	5	15
Niger-Congo languages	3,510	1,755	1,750	3,895	1,965	1,930
Akan (Twi)	130	75	55	150	90	65
Bamanankan	75	25	50	75	25	45
Edo	35	20	15	40	20	15
Ewe	25	20	10	30	20	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	30	30	65	35	30
Ga	15	10	5	15	10	5
Ganda	40	10	25	50	20	30
Igbo	270	150	125	280	155	130
Lingala	75	30	35	75	30	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	120	55	65	135	60	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	235	120	115	250	125	120
Shona	85	40	50	110	50	60
Swahili	820	395	420	870	420	455
Wolof	75	50	25	75	50	25
Yoruba	875	445	430	1,030	525	505
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	575	280	295	640	315	325
Nilo-Saharan languages	380	205	175	395	215	180
Dinka	170	85	80	175	90	80
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	210	120	95	225	125	100
Sign languages	315	170	140	440	230	210
American Sign Language	175	95	75	240	125	115
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	75	65	195	100	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	16,605	8,185	8,415	18,880	9,320	9,565
Chinese languages	16,040	7,905	8,135	18,305	9,025	9,280
Cantonese	6,060	2,865	3,195	6,625	3,140	3,485
Hakka	55	30	30	55	30	25
Mandarin	8,785	4,425	4,355	10,170	5,110	5,060
Min Dong	5	5	5	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	305	145	160	325	150	165
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	50	50	110	55	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	725	385	340	1,010	530	475
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	555	280	280	575	295	285
Burmese	85	55	30	85	50	30
Karenic languages	420	205	210	430	215	220
Tibetan	5	5	5	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	55	20	35
Tai-Kadai languages	1,010	480	530	1,120	525	595
Lao	805	410	395	875	445	430
Thai	205	75	130	240	85	165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	300	165	140	340	190	150
Azerbaijani	30	15	10	30	20	15
Turkish	185	105	85	210	120	95
Uyghur	10	5	10	10	5	10
Uzbek	40	25	15	40	25	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	40	25	20
Uralic languages	1,060	470	595	1,440	655	790
Estonian	30	10	15	30	10	15
Finnish	130	50	75	225	85	135
Hungarian	910	410	500	1,185	550	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	120	70	50	155	85	70
Multiple responses	22,705	10,990	11,715	31,505	15,280	16,220
English and French	2,780	1,355	1,435	4,365	2,140	2,230
English and non-official language	18,970	9,140	9,825	25,965	12,530	13,440
French and non-official language	570	310	260	695	380	315
English, French and non-official language	385	190	200	470	230	245
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	699,295	342,465	356,830	1,261,620	624,100	637,520
Single responses	650,050	318,740	331,310	1,197,145	593,020	604,120
Official languages	558,485	273,940	284,545	1,052,345	521,280	531,065
English	549,040	269,740	279,305	1,035,475	513,465	522,010
French	9,445	4,200	5,245	16,865	7,815	9,055
Non-official languages	91,570	44,805	46,760	144,800	71,740	73,060
Aboriginal languages	925	395	530	15,770	8,020	7,750
Algonquian languages	900	390	515	15,070	7,675	7,390
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	255	105	150	7,570	3,860	3,715
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	5	0
Plains Cree	5	5	0	10	5	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	45	20	25	120	45	75
Woods Cree	5	0	5	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	200	80	120	7,415	3,790	3,620
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	645	285	360	7,495	3,820	3,675
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	360	155	205	2,505	1,280	1,225
Oji-Cree	285	130	155	4,990	2,545	2,455
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	635	305	330
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	5	630	305	330
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	5	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	5	10	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	35	25	10
Dakota	5	0	5	35	25	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	90,640	44,405	46,235	129,035	63,725	65,310
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,325	3,165	3,160	6,875	3,475	3,400
Berber languages	20	15	5	20	15	5
Kabyle	15	10	5	15	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	5	5
Cushitic languages	1,140	525	615	1,185	550	630
Bilen	95	50	45	120	65	55
Oromo	205	95	115	210	95	115
Somali	830	375	455	845	385	460
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	10	0
Semitic languages	5,145	2,620	2,525	5,650	2,895	2,750
Amharic	875	435	445	1,045	520	525
Arabic	2,840	1,455	1,380	3,105	1,600	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	340	185	155	355	195	160
Maltese	5	0	0	10	5	5
Tigrigna	1,080	540	535	1,135	580	555
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,785	1,315	1,475	2,900	1,370	1,530
Khmer (Cambodian)	120	55	70	125	55	70
Vietnamese	2,665	1,260	1,400	2,775	1,315	1,460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	24,750	11,735	13,010	27,215	13,065	14,155
Bikol	25	15	10	30	15	15
Cebuano	345	170	180	495	250	245
Fijian	0	0	0	15	5	10
Hiligaynon	125	55	70	125	55	75
Ilocano	370	175	190	390	190	200
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	50	20	30	55	25	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	230	110	120	245	120	130
Pangasinan	30	15	15	30	15	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	23,545	11,160	12,385	25,790	12,375	13,420
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	30	15	15
Creole languages	200	80	115	290	120	165
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	10	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	90	40	45	165	75	85
Creole languages, n.i.e.	100	35	65	115	45	75
Dravidian languages	580	285	295	800	400	400
Kannada	40	20	20	45	25	25
Malayalam	255	125	135	405	195	205
Tamil	205	100	105	240	120	120
Telugu	75	40	35	110	60	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	38,460	19,170	19,285	70,820	35,325	35,495
Albanian	150	75	75	155	80	75
Armenian	20	10	10	20	10	5
Balto-Slavic languages	8,315	3,970	4,345	11,685	5,670	6,015
Baltic languages	10	5	5	25	10	15
Latvian	10	0	5	15	5	5
Lithuanian	10	0	0	10	5	5
Slavic languages	8,300	3,965	4,335	11,660	5,660	6,000
Belarusan	5	0	0	0	5	0
Bosnian	280	140	140	285	145	140
Bulgarian	65	30	30	65	30	30
Croatian	275	115	155	320	145	180
Czech	95	45	50	115	55	60
Macedonian	75	35	45	85	35	45
Polish	1,660	735	920	2,010	910	1,105
Russian	3,610	1,795	1,815	5,530	2,780	2,745
Serbian	325	165	160	335	170	170
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50	90	40	50
Slovak	60	30	30	70	35	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	20	30	55	20	30
Ukrainian	1,705	805	895	2,690	1,285	1,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	5	5
Celtic languages	5	5	0	20	15	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,635	730	900	25,825	12,700	13,125
Afrikaans	50	30	25	200	100	100
Danish	5	5	0	10	5	5
Dutch	65	30	35	270	135	130
Frisian	5	0	0	10	5	5
German	1,475	655	820	24,795	12,185	12,615
Icelandic	10	5	5	35	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Swedish	5	0	0	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	15	5	10
Yiddish	10	5	5	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	240	225
Greek	480	220	265	535	255	280
Indo-Iranian languages	20,750	10,810	9,935	22,810	11,920	10,890
Indo-Aryan languages	19,040	9,995	9,040	21,010	11,055	9,950
Bengali	660	370	285	690	390	305
Gujarati	1,320	670	640	2,100	1,095	1,005
Hindi	1,200	640	560	1,335	715	620
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	5	10	5	5
Marathi	30	15	15	40	25	20
Nepali	535	260	275	540	265	280
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,230	6,915	6,315	14,000	7,330	6,670
Sindhi	25	10	15	30	10	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	340	180	165	360	190	170
Urdu	1,695	930	770	1,895	1,035	860
Iranian languages	1,665	790	875	1,755	835	920
Kurdish	260	125	130	275	135	140
Pashto	155	65	90	165	70	95
Persian (Farsi)	1,255	600	650	1,315	635	685
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	50	25	20
Italic (Romance) languages	7,105	3,345	3,760	9,765	4,670	5,090
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	975	415	560	1,035	450	590
Portuguese	2,605	1,205	1,395	2,800	1,305	1,500
Romanian	205	100	110	235	110	125
Spanish	3,320	1,615	1,695	5,695	2,810	2,885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	160	65	95	175	75	105
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	10	5	0
Georgian	10	0	5	10	5	5
Korean	2,540	1,235	1,305	2,915	1,430	1,490
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	5	0	5
Mongolian	5	5	5	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	1,280	635	650	1,410	695	720
Akan (Twi)	45	25	15	45	30	20
Bamanankan	10	5	5	15	5	5
Edo	5	5	5	5	5	0
Ewe	5	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	15	15	35	15	15
Ga	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ganda	5	5	0	5	0	0
Igbo	75	40	35	75	40	35
Lingala	40	20	20	40	20	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	30	30	65	35	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100	55	50	105	55	50
Shona	10	5	10	10	5	10
Swahili	470	220	245	500	240	265
Wolof	25	20	10	25	20	10
Yoruba	285	150	140	345	175	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	40	70	125	50	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	60	70	130	60	70
Dinka	75	35	45	80	35	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	55	30	25
Sign languages	395	215	180	560	310	255
American Sign Language	195	110	85	255	135	120
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	200	110	90	305	170	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,125	6,010	6,110	13,910	6,920	6,985
Chinese languages	11,675	5,785	5,890	13,445	6,685	6,765
Cantonese	4,060	1,905	2,155	4,455	2,105	2,350
Hakka	25	10	15	25	10	15
Mandarin	6,890	3,495	3,390	8,080	4,105	3,975
Min Dong	0	0	5	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	125	65	65	135	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	30	30	65	30	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	510	275	235	675	365	315
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	445	225	220	465	235	225
Burmese	50	30	25	55	30	25
Karenic languages	355	180	175	370	190	180
Tibetan	5	0	5	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	40	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	495	230	260	535	250	280
Lao	400	195	205	430	210	220
Thai	90	35	60	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	125	65	60	135	70	65
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	10	5	10
Turkish	60	30	30	65	35	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	35	20	15	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	25	10	15
Uralic languages	255	120	135	305	140	165
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	20	15	10	35	15	15
Hungarian	235	105	130	270	125	145
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	40	25	20
Multiple responses	49,240	23,725	25,515	64,475	31,080	33,400
English and French	2,060	955	1,105	3,090	1,440	1,645
English and non-official language	46,055	22,230	23,825	60,090	28,995	31,090
French and non-official language	350	175	180	415	215	205
English, French and non-official language	780	370	410	885	420	455
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	699,295	342,470	356,830	1,261,615	624,095	637,520
None	591,950	291,550	300,400	1,079,050	535,990	543,065
English	45,780	22,360	23,420	76,350	37,795	38,550
French	11,900	5,200	6,700	20,200	9,130	11,075
Non-official language	47,675	22,380	25,295	83,315	39,860	43,455
Aboriginal	2,330	915	1,415	16,105	7,590	8,515
Non-Aboriginal	45,345	21,465	23,880	67,215	32,275	34,940
English and French	250	125	125	305	150	150
English and non-official language	1,170	595	580	1,610	815	790
French and non-official language	555	250	310	770	345	420
English, French and non-official language	15	5	5	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	574,035	278,705	295,325	1,001,305	491,590	509,715
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	546,285	264,625	281,660	954,035	467,790	486,250
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	35,020	40,278	30,725	34,188	40,379	29,220
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	546,385	264,640	281,745	954,205	467,820	486,390
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,008	34,966	27,713	30,465	35,150	26,561
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	494,760	244,420	250,340	859,545	431,145	428,400
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,539	39,300	28,414	32,592	39,229	26,692
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	403,655	175,570	228,090	701,840	309,530	392,310
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,348	1,404	4,637	4,268	1,890	5,434
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	414,345	211,440	202,905	722,785	374,850	347,935
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,835	39,634	30,536	33,677	39,365	28,679
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	574,035	278,700	295,335	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	546,275	264,665	281,615	953,960	467,575	486,385
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,051	52,354	38,188	43,767	51,068	36,747
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	546,405	264,680	281,725	954,175	467,605	486,565
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,821	41,875	32,073	35,957	41,013	31,097
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	494,940	244,595	250,345	859,575	431,035	428,540
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,246	52,340	36,338	42,776	50,803	34,704
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	403,870	175,485	228,385	701,830	308,940	392,890
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,714	6,005	7,258	7,099	6,411	7,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	414,350	211,270	203,080	722,785	374,535	348,250
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,992	50,877	36,830	42,551	49,417	35,168
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	574,035	278,700	295,335	1,001,310	491,580	509,725
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	201,050	111,895	89,155	350,580	201,335	149,245
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	50,999	55,517	46,191	50,026	54,580	44,818
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	61,316	67,739	53,255	59,523	65,410	51,581
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.9	92.4	84.5	88.0	91.7	83.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	74.1	77.6	69.6	73.6	77.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.1	7.6	15.5	12.0	8.3	16.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	574,035	278,710	295,330	1,001,310	491,585	509,720
Without total income	27,750	14,080	13,670	47,270	23,800	23,470
With total income	546,290	264,625	281,660	954,040	467,790	486,245
Percentage with total income	95.2	94.9	95.4	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	76,445	35,005	41,440	137,700	62,550	75,150
$10,000 to $19,999	83,025	32,825	50,200	150,320	58,320	91,995
$20,000 to $29,999	77,375	31,270	46,105	136,510	54,950	81,560
$30,000 to $39,999	71,845	32,265	39,580	123,685	55,805	67,885
$40,000 to $49,999	63,755	30,440	33,315	109,710	54,650	55,060
$50,000 to $59,999	47,920	25,975	21,940	80,625	45,170	35,460
$60,000 to $69,999	34,425	19,920	14,505	58,785	35,250	23,535
$70,000 to $79,999	25,200	14,855	10,345	43,365	26,465	16,895
$80,000 to $89,999	19,895	11,410	8,485	34,000	20,100	13,905
$90,000 to $99,999	12,685	7,450	5,240	21,980	13,545	8,440
$100,000 and over	33,715	23,220	10,495	57,355	40,985	16,370
$100,000 to $149,999	23,350	15,625	7,730	40,870	28,585	12,285
$150,000 and over	10,365	7,595	2,765	16,490	12,395	4,090
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	574,035	278,705	295,325	1,001,305	491,585	509,720
Without after-tax income	27,650	14,065	13,580	47,100	23,770	23,330
With after-tax income	546,385	264,640	281,750	954,205	467,820	486,390
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.0	95.4	95.3	95.2	95.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	78,880	35,505	43,375	142,035	63,525	78,510
$10,000 to $19,999	89,820	35,815	54,005	161,865	63,410	98,460
$20,000 to $29,999	95,030	39,815	55,220	165,880	68,985	96,895
$30,000 to $39,999	89,725	41,780	47,950	153,680	73,335	80,350
$40,000 to $49,999	68,350	35,980	32,365	116,415	63,755	52,660
$50,000 to $59,999	45,750	26,500	19,250	78,105	46,940	31,160
$60,000 to $69,999	30,955	17,885	13,070	53,870	32,165	21,705
$70,000 to $79,999	18,140	10,790	7,350	31,690	19,680	12,010
$80,000 and over	29,735	20,565	9,170	50,655	36,025	14,630
$80,000 to $89,999	10,175	6,640	3,530	18,025	12,260	5,760
$90,000 to $99,999	5,820	3,990	1,830	10,325	7,305	3,015
$100,000 and over	13,745	9,930	3,810	22,305	16,460	5,850
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	574,035	278,705	295,330	1,001,305	491,590	509,720
Without employment income	159,690	67,270	92,420	278,525	116,740	161,775
With employment income	414,345	211,440	202,905	722,785	374,845	347,940
Percentage with employment income	72.2	75.9	68.7	72.2	76.3	68.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	46,545	21,855	24,685	90,045	42,675	47,375
$5,000 to $9,999	29,760	13,025	16,730	54,560	23,875	30,690
$10,000 to $19,999	53,735	23,860	29,875	94,460	41,920	52,535
$20,000 to $29,999	51,935	23,430	28,500	89,540	39,650	49,895
$30,000 to $39,999	51,965	24,425	27,535	88,340	41,905	46,440
$40,000 to $49,999	45,985	22,680	23,305	77,755	40,205	37,550
$50,000 to $59,999	35,610	20,125	15,485	58,900	34,355	24,550
$60,000 to $69,999	25,960	15,360	10,595	44,085	27,115	16,970
$70,000 to $79,999	19,990	11,995	8,005	34,450	21,375	13,075
$80,000 and over	52,865	34,675	18,190	90,650	61,780	28,865
$80,000 to $89,999	16,680	9,560	7,115	28,365	16,860	11,505
$90,000 to $99,999	10,175	6,265	3,910	17,635	11,355	6,275
$100,000 and over	26,015	18,855	7,165	44,650	33,560	11,095
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	282,115	...	...	489,050	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	68,552	...	...	68,147	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,102	...	...	59,093	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	84,710	...	...	135,495	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,406	...	...	35,846	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,632	...	...	31,538	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	197,405	...	...	353,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,645	...	...	84,532	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,189	...	...	72,688	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	282,120	...	...	489,050	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	87,235	...	...	85,373	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	71,315	...	...	70,154	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	84,710	...	...	135,440	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	45,563	...	...	44,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	37,409	...	...	36,503	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	197,405	...	...	353,605	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	105,118	...	...	101,140	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	85,865	...	...	83,044	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	282,115	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	5,605	...	...	9,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5,160	...	...	8,175	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,850	...	...	11,450	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,765	...	...	18,260	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	11,975	...	...	21,395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,650	...	...	19,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,570	...	...	21,090	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,425	...	...	21,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,460	...	...	21,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,310	...	...	21,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	23,380	...	...	40,240	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	22,035	...	...	37,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	19,845	...	...	34,275	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	18,185	...	...	31,555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,565	...	...	27,215	...	...
$100,000 and over	84,340	...	...	144,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30,180	...	...	52,495	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	19,930	...	...	34,595	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20,115	...	...	34,670	...	...
$200,000 and over	14,115	...	...	22,865	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	282,115	...	...	489,050	...	...
Under $5,000	5,845	...	...	9,725	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5,235	...	...	8,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,085	...	...	11,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10,440	...	...	19,325	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,830	...	...	24,370	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,835	...	...	22,665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,770	...	...	25,915	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,540	...	...	26,725	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,065	...	...	25,965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,715	...	...	25,290	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	28,080	...	...	48,610	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25,395	...	...	44,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,115	...	...	38,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	18,425	...	...	32,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,260	...	...	26,890	...	...
$100,000 and over	57,480	...	...	97,850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	26,655	...	...	46,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	14,460	...	...	24,795	...	...
$150,000 and over	16,360	...	...	26,705	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	188,390	...	...	341,205	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,928	...	...	84,441	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,327	...	...	72,563	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	65,440	...	...	127,580	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	81,833	...	...	79,103	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	69,538	...	...	67,596	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	84,055	...	...	150,585	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,232	...	...	104,902	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	91,525	...	...	89,307	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	32,090	...	...	52,215	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,572	...	...	49,922	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,791	...	...	46,048	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	188,380	...	...	341,235	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	106,053	...	...	101,410	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	86,433	...	...	83,132	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	65,405	...	...	127,710	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,865	...	...	95,583	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,262	...	...	77,743	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	84,225	...	...	150,695	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	127,309	...	...	122,176	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	102,952	...	...	99,399	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	31,975	...	...	52,130	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,475	...	...	60,006	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,761	...	...	52,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	113,040	54,940	58,100	175,270	86,935	88,335
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	33,484	35,016	32,255	32,927	35,568	30,818
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,809	30,706	29,087	29,429	31,130	28,062
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	112,795	54,765	58,030	174,945	86,380	88,565
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,070	42,848	39,391	40,853	43,332	38,434
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,019	34,888	33,198	33,961	35,291	32,663
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	693,025	339,810	353,220	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
In the bottom half of the distribution	369,100	176,480	192,620	687,930	332,640	355,290
In the bottom decile	78,425	38,440	39,985	151,750	74,825	76,930
In the second decile	68,475	30,950	37,530	135,485	62,035	73,450
In the third decile	72,510	34,180	38,330	135,395	64,805	70,590
In the fourth decile	74,430	36,100	38,330	132,755	65,185	67,575
In the fifth decile	75,260	36,820	38,440	132,540	65,790	66,750
In the top half of the distribution	323,930	163,330	160,600	552,770	281,805	270,965
In the sixth decile	73,995	36,795	37,200	127,575	64,305	63,265
In the seventh decile	71,890	36,045	35,840	123,505	62,770	60,735
In the eighth decile	67,880	34,170	33,715	116,805	59,460	57,350
In the ninth decile	61,300	31,200	30,095	104,820	53,835	50,980
In the top decile	48,865	25,120	23,750	80,070	41,435	38,640
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	693,030	339,810	353,220	1,175,720	581,585	594,135
0 to 17 years	144,135	74,180	69,955	260,905	134,075	126,830
0 to 5 years	47,120	24,260	22,860	85,935	44,240	41,695
18 to 64 years	448,635	221,440	227,200	737,035	365,965	371,070
65 years and over	100,255	44,195	56,065	177,780	81,540	96,235
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	109,680	51,700	57,985	180,880	85,185	95,690
0 to 17 years	33,035	16,990	16,040	57,185	29,390	27,790
0 to 5 years	12,015	6,215	5,800	21,325	10,970	10,355
18 to 64 years	64,545	30,520	34,020	98,920	46,630	52,285
65 years and over	12,110	4,185	7,920	24,785	9,165	15,615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.8	15.2	16.4	15.4	14.6	16.1
0 to 17 years (%)	22.9	22.9	22.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
0 to 5 years (%)	25.5	25.6	25.4	24.8	24.8	24.8
18 to 64 years (%)	14.4	13.8	15.0	13.4	12.7	14.1
65 years and over (%)	12.1	9.5	14.1	13.9	11.2	16.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	92,005	44,340	47,665	115,965	56,255	59,705
0 to 17 years	25,915	13,280	12,635	33,260	17,040	16,220
0 to 5 years	9,575	4,925	4,650	12,310	6,325	5,985
18 to 64 years	58,350	28,365	29,985	73,655	35,895	37,760
65 years and over	7,740	2,690	5,050	9,045	3,325	5,725
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.3	13.0	13.5	9.9	9.7	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	18.0	17.9	18.1	12.7	12.7	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	20.3	20.3	20.3	14.3	14.3	14.4
18 to 64 years (%)	13.0	12.8	13.2	10.0	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	7.7	6.1	9.0	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	693,030	339,810	353,220	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Official languages	682,035	334,995	347,040	1,224,985	607,375	617,605
English	681,155	334,595	346,560	1,223,665	606,760	616,905
French	70,545	31,475	39,070	108,560	49,435	59,130
Non-official languages	221,185	106,000	115,180	340,250	165,150	175,100
Aboriginal languages	5,645	2,230	3,415	40,465	19,410	21,050
Algonquian languages	5,400	2,135	3,270	38,305	18,375	19,930
Blackfoot	10	0	10	10	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,875	740	1,135	20,975	10,025	10,955
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	35	10	30	85	25	55
Plains Cree	105	50	55	190	90	100
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	500	220	280	1,140	505	640
Woods Cree	50	25	30	130	65	65
Cree, n.o.s.	1,175	435	740	19,435	9,340	10,095
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Malecite	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	3,690	1,460	2,230	17,710	8,520	9,185
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway	2,580	1,035	1,545	9,685	4,560	5,125
Oji-Cree	1,100	425	675	8,045	3,975	4,070
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	75	15	60	1,120	525	595
Northern Athabaskan languages	80	10	65	1,110	520	590
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	75	15	60	1,110	520	595
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	50	25	30	110	55	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	0	10	10	0
Inuktitut	35	10	30	80	35	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	15	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	15	10	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	65	30	30	210	115	95
Salish languages	0	0	10	0	0	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	10	10	0	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	35	20	15	760	365	395
Dakota	35	15	15	760	360	400
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	10	10	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	0	10	0	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	35	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	215,610	103,810	111,800	299,900	145,795	154,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	14,575	7,640	6,935	15,730	8,320	7,410
Berber languages	75	35	35	85	50	40
Kabyle	50	20	25	45	25	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	50	35	10
Cushitic languages	2,220	1,145	1,075	2,300	1,195	1,105
Bilen	145	80	65	210	120	85
Oromo	530	270	260	535	275	260
Somali	1,530	785	750	1,550	790	760
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	10	15	15	10
Semitic languages	12,610	6,655	5,955	13,685	7,300	6,390
Amharic	2,185	1,180	1,005	2,475	1,370	1,105
Arabic	6,085	3,275	2,810	6,650	3,590	3,055
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	10	0	0
Harari	0	10	0	0	10	0
Hebrew	3,215	1,645	1,565	3,370	1,735	1,635
Maltese	45	20	25	65	30	35
Tigrigna	2,125	1,110	1,015	2,225	1,175	1,050
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	15	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	125	60	65	155	80	80
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,955	2,410	2,550	5,230	2,545	2,685
Khmer (Cambodian)	320	180	145	335	185	150
Vietnamese	4,645	2,240	2,405	4,905	2,370	2,535
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	59,420	27,385	32,035	65,305	30,220	35,090
Bikol	210	95	110	225	100	125
Cebuano	1,200	590	605	1,615	805	810
Fijian	10	0	10	65	35	30
Hiligaynon	395	165	235	425	180	245
Ilocano	1,785	850	930	1,875	880	990
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	310	160	155	375	180	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	910	405	505	945	415	530
Pangasinan	205	100	110	205	100	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	58,520	26,925	31,595	64,165	29,640	34,520
Waray-Waray	100	50	50	115	55	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	140	55	80	200	80	120
Creole languages	965	440	525	1,310	605	705
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	410	210	205	635	310	315
Creole languages, n.i.e.	555	245	315	680	305	375
Dravidian languages	1,290	610	680	1,840	945	895
Kannada	155	90	70	175	95	80
Malayalam	480	185	290	830	400	430
Tamil	570	275	295	655	330	325
Telugu	175	95	80	255	150	110
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	104,250	50,680	53,570	175,950	86,435	89,510
Albanian	375	195	180	390	195	195
Armenian	65	50	15	65	50	15
Balto-Slavic languages	24,745	11,465	13,285	39,530	18,780	20,745
Baltic languages	165	80	85	230	90	140
Latvian	65	30	35	115	45	70
Lithuanian	100	50	50	120	50	65
Slavic languages	24,615	11,405	13,215	39,360	18,720	20,640
Belarusan	50	25	35	65	25	45
Bosnian	805	400	410	835	405	430
Bulgarian	135	80	55	155	95	60
Croatian	1,335	620	710	1,595	765	825
Czech	535	235	295	735	335	395
Macedonian	125	70	55	140	75	60
Polish	5,990	2,770	3,215	7,655	3,625	4,035
Russian	7,660	3,770	3,895	13,455	6,715	6,740
Serbian	810	435	375	870	470	400
Serbo-Croatian	180	65	110	190	75	115
Slovak	375	160	220	480	215	260
Slovene (Slovenian)	255	95	160	275	100	175
Ukrainian	9,585	4,160	5,430	17,095	7,795	9,305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	70	35	30
Celtic languages	95	60	35	225	125	100
Scottish Gaelic	65	45	15	90	65	25
Welsh	10	0	10	90	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	45	15	25
Germanic languages	19,185	8,745	10,435	68,285	33,250	35,035
Afrikaans	270	125	150	715	330	385
Danish	160	60	100	270	120	150
Dutch	1,400	685	720	3,120	1,555	1,565
Frisian	35	20	15	90	65	30
German	16,420	7,550	8,870	61,760	30,170	31,600
Icelandic	200	60	145	560	225	335
Norwegian	155	55	95	290	115	175
Swedish	175	55	115	270	125	150
Vlaams (Flemish)	100	35	60	270	120	155
Yiddish	545	230	310	545	235	315
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	2,490	1,285	1,205
Greek	1,835	940	895	2,010	1,015	1,000
Indo-Iranian languages	35,070	18,495	16,575	38,760	20,480	18,280
Indo-Aryan languages	32,370	17,135	15,230	35,830	18,990	16,835
Bengali	1,440	840	595	1,520	885	635
Gujarati	2,740	1,440	1,305	3,905	2,065	1,840
Hindi	11,235	6,005	5,230	12,900	6,900	6,000
Kashmiri	15	15	0	20	15	10
Konkani	35	25	10	40	30	10
Marathi	220	130	95	275	170	105
Nepali	600	285	320	600	285	315
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	0	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	21,585	11,330	10,255	22,900	12,035	10,865
Sindhi	140	80	55	150	85	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	870	465	405	920	500	420
Urdu	4,185	2,360	1,825	4,600	2,540	2,060
Iranian languages	2,800	1,390	1,410	3,035	1,525	1,515
Kurdish	570	280	290	600	295	305
Pashto	265	120	150	290	135	150
Persian (Farsi)	2,115	1,075	1,035	2,295	1,175	1,120
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	110	90	230	125	105
Italic (Romance) languages	25,275	11,885	13,385	34,360	16,630	17,735
Catalan	15	10	10	15	10	10
Italian	4,720	2,270	2,450	5,350	2,610	2,735
Portuguese	7,190	3,445	3,745	8,460	4,125	4,335
Romanian	665	345	325	785	395	390
Spanish	13,430	6,180	7,245	20,605	9,910	10,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45	40	10	60	45	15
Japanese	1,020	475	545	1,160	550	605
Kartvelian languages	15	0	15	10	0	15
Georgian	15	0	10	15	0	15
Korean	3,710	1,815	1,890	4,240	2,100	2,145
Mongolic languages	50	20	30	55	20	35
Mongolian	50	20	30	55	20	30
Niger-Congo languages	7,255	3,695	3,565	7,970	4,125	3,845
Akan (Twi)	205	125	80	260	165	95
Bamanankan	145	85	60	160	95	65
Edo	90	60	30	95	60	30
Ewe	45	25	25	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	20	50	25	25
Ga	15	10	10	30	10	15
Ganda	175	80	100	230	110	120
Igbo	625	310	310	665	345	325
Lingala	640	305	340	655	315	345
Rundi (Kirundi)	195	95	100	205	105	105
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	305	150	155	305	155	155
Shona	195	80	115	250	110	140
Swahili	1,825	965	860	1,930	1,020	905
Wolof	155	85	65	150	85	70
Yoruba	2,365	1,180	1,185	2,630	1,330	1,295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,235	630	605	1,440	765	680
Nilo-Saharan languages	410	225	185	410	225	185
Dinka	180	105	80	180	105	75
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	225	120	105	225	120	105
Sign languages	1,910	730	1,180	2,670	985	1,685
American Sign Language	1,270	495	775	1,710	625	1,090
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	650	240	410	975	365	610
Sino-Tibetan languages	18,775	9,315	9,465	21,130	10,490	10,650
Chinese languages	18,120	9,010	9,110	20,475	10,185	10,285
Cantonese	7,710	3,625	4,085	8,310	3,920	4,390
Hakka	45	25	20	50	30	20
Mandarin	11,220	5,655	5,560	12,825	6,460	6,365
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	440	205	235	480	230	250
Wu (Shanghainese)	145	80	60	185	95	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	810	440	365	1,115	600	510
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	665	305	365	675	310	370
Burmese	180	115	65	185	115	70
Karenic languages	460	200	260	465	200	265
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	135	60	80	145	60	80
Tai-Kadai languages	1,400	645	750	1,565	730	835
Lao	1,035	480	560	1,120	520	600
Thai	485	220	260	575	270	305
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	415	215	205	510	250	265
Azerbaijani	50	30	30	50	25	30
Turkish	295	150	140	365	180	185
Uyghur	30	15	15	30	15	10
Uzbek	15	10	10	40	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	45	15	30
Uralic languages	1,185	555	630	1,550	730	815
Estonian	45	20	25	45	20	25
Finnish	130	50	85	265	105	160
Hungarian	1,010	485	525	1,235	600	635
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	370	245	130	445	290	150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	693,030	339,810	353,220	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	612,425	299,255	313,165	1,133,080	560,165	572,920
Canadian citizens aged under 18	128,140	65,740	62,400	266,225	136,640	129,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	484,285	233,520	250,765	866,855	423,520	443,335
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	80,605	40,550	40,055	107,620	54,280	53,340
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	693,030	339,810	353,220	1,240,700	614,445	626,255
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	503,435	247,005	256,430	996,860	494,285	502,570
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	176,305	85,500	90,805	227,465	111,095	116,365
Before 1981	37,755	17,340	20,420	50,025	23,340	26,680
1981 to 1990	16,180	8,200	7,980	20,205	10,190	10,010
1991 to 2000	17,885	8,560	9,320	23,040	11,165	11,875
2001 to 2010	52,455	25,845	26,620	70,985	35,305	35,680
2001 to 2005	15,950	7,785	8,160	22,570	11,195	11,370
2006 to 2010	36,510	18,055	18,450	48,415	24,110	24,305
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	52,030	25,565	26,465	63,210	31,095	32,120
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	13,290	7,305	5,980	16,375	9,055	7,320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	176,305	85,500	90,805	227,470	111,100	116,370
Under 5 years	17,845	8,980	8,860	25,595	12,975	12,625
5 to 14 years	32,930	16,795	16,135	45,570	23,305	22,265
15 to 24 years	34,785	16,080	18,710	44,585	20,820	23,770
25 to 44 years	76,010	36,515	39,495	93,700	45,160	48,540
45 years and over	14,730	7,130	7,605	18,010	8,845	9,170
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	176,305	85,500	90,805	227,465	111,095	116,365
Americas	16,205	7,660	8,550	31,980	15,285	16,700
Brazil	385	155	230	435	170	265
Colombia	535	245	290	1,050	510	545
El Salvador	1,490	795	695	2,480	1,325	1,155
Guyana	1,065	480	580	1,135	515	620
Haiti	75	40	30	155	75	80
Jamaica	1,570	725	845	1,810	835	970
Mexico	730	370	360	6,655	3,330	3,320
Peru	190	85	110	235	85	150
Trinidad and Tobago	1,385	715	670	1,505	785	720
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,110	1,885	2,225	7,100	3,100	4,000
Other places of birth in Americas	4,670	2,165	2,510	9,425	4,550	4,875
Europe	36,555	17,560	18,995	56,705	27,815	28,890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,015	510	505	1,055	530	525
Croatia	855	370	485	975	445	535
France	470	245	225	795	425	365
Germany	3,995	1,885	2,110	10,390	5,215	5,175
Greece	770	420	355	820	445	375
Hungary	680	355	325	815	435	375
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	400	185	215	650	310	340
Italy	2,470	1,270	1,205	2,755	1,405	1,350
Netherlands	1,020	540	480	2,250	1,185	1,060
Poland	4,240	1,950	2,290	5,280	2,455	2,820
Portugal	3,805	1,880	1,925	4,380	2,170	2,210
Romania	625	305	320	720	345	375
Russian Federation	1,970	905	1,065	4,245	2,035	2,210
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	325	170	155	355	175	175
Ukraine	3,615	1,690	1,925	4,765	2,250	2,515
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,890	3,275	3,615	11,665	5,655	6,015
Other places of birth in Europe	3,405	1,600	1,805	4,790	2,325	2,470
Africa	15,935	8,310	7,625	17,975	9,495	8,485
Algeria	105	50	50	115	60	55
Egypt	895	485	410	980	525	455
Ethiopia	2,210	1,170	1,040	2,525	1,360	1,165
Kenya	895	440	455	935	470	465
Morocco	220	115	105	250	140	110
Nigeria	3,490	1,885	1,610	3,820	2,070	1,750
Somalia	750	345	405	755	350	415
South Africa, Republic of	530	235	290	975	465	505
Other places of birth in Africa	6,850	3,590	3,260	7,630	4,055	3,570
Asia	107,155	51,760	55,390	120,230	58,215	62,015
Afghanistan	610	285	330	615	285	330
Bangladesh	845	460	385	880	475	400
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,565	3,640	3,930	9,250	4,460	4,790
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,375	660	715	1,460	715	735
India	19,435	10,020	9,415	21,990	11,395	10,595
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	1,035	570	470	1,180	655	530
Iraq	835	450	390	860	460	400
Japan	185	50	130	225	70	150
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	2,580	1,265	1,315	2,880	1,415	1,470
Lebanon	220	140	75	265	165	100
Pakistan	2,840	1,535	1,305	3,125	1,675	1,450
Philippines	56,935	26,495	30,440	61,950	28,800	33,150
Sri Lanka	965	480	485	1,015	515	505
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	695	320	370	805	390	410
Taiwan	190	95	90	215	110	110
Viet Nam	4,055	1,950	2,105	4,225	2,035	2,185
Other places of birth in Asia	6,795	3,350	3,450	9,285	4,590	4,695
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	455	210	245	575	290	280
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	52,030	25,565	26,465	63,210	31,095	32,115
Americas	1,940	880	1,060	4,130	1,840	2,290
Brazil	95	35	55	100	35	65
Colombia	75	25	55	185	70	120
Cuba	55	15	40	75	25	55
Haiti	15	10	10	15	10	0
Jamaica	245	130	115	340	175	165
Mexico	240	125	115	875	415	465
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	605	295	305	970	445	525
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	40	15	30	75	30	40
Other places of birth in Americas	570	230	340	1,490	640	850
Europe	3,320	1,680	1,640	5,155	2,650	2,505
France	85	35	45	135	70	75
Germany	100	45	50	580	310	265
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	95	60	40	135	80	60
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	130	70	55	160	85	70
Romania	65	35	30	70	30	35
Russian Federation	730	330	395	1,145	530	610
Ukraine	965	470	495	1,320	670	650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	305	175	135	550	290	265
Other places of birth in Europe	855	455	400	1,060	590	470
Africa	7,105	3,680	3,420	7,860	4,120	3,735
Algeria	20	10	10	20	10	10
Cameroon	50	30	20	65	45	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	730	355	375	740	360	380
Côte d'Ivoire	95	35	60	95	35	60
Egypt	380	205	180	415	220	190
Eritrea	740	400	345	795	430	360
Ethiopia	720	380	340	810	425	380
Morocco	60	30	30	70	30	35
Nigeria	2,405	1,285	1,115	2,630	1,415	1,215
Somalia	380	165	220	385	160	215
South Africa, Republic of	95	30	60	225	110	120
Tunisia	50	45	10	65	45	20
Other places of birth in Africa	1,370	710	655	1,555	820	735
Asia	39,540	19,250	20,290	45,915	22,395	23,520
Afghanistan	60	35	25	60	35	25
Bangladesh	335	180	150	360	195	170
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,890	1,385	1,505	3,390	1,635	1,760
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	150	80	70	185	105	80
India	9,480	4,910	4,575	10,915	5,675	5,240
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	405	220	185	425	230	195
Iraq	315	170	145	330	175	155
Israel	585	335	255	595	340	260
Japan	50	20	25	45	25	25
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,160	605	555	1,300	665	640
Lebanon	115	80	40	140	100	35
Nepal	205	65	140	210	70	140
Pakistan	1,415	745	670	1,535	800	735
Philippines	19,615	9,115	10,495	22,885	10,645	12,245
Saudi Arabia	310	140	170	325	145	180
Sri Lanka	225	125	100	250	140	115
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	535	260	275	635	325	310
Taiwan	15	10	0	20	0	10
Turkey	40	30	10	40	30	10
United Arab Emirates	110	55	55	110	55	55
Viet Nam	480	220	265	495	220	275
Other places of birth in Asia	1,045	480	565	1,650	785	870
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	130	70	55	150	80	70
Australia	65	25	45	80	25	60
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	60	50	10	65	55	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	693,030	339,810	353,220	1,240,695	614,440	626,260
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	192,720	94,305	98,415	249,625	123,035	126,585
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	128,340	63,165	65,170	197,530	97,135	100,395
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	371,970	182,335	189,635	793,545	394,265	399,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	141,220	69,465	71,760	180,810	89,380	91,425
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	91,515	45,935	45,580	119,845	60,680	59,165
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	35,515	20,655	14,860	44,415	27,435	16,980
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	56,000	25,280	30,715	75,430	33,250	42,185
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	30,680	13,375	17,305	39,875	17,355	22,525
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	18,645	10,015	8,630	20,550	11,155	9,395
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	380	145	240	540	195	345
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	693,025	339,810	353,220	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	84,495	39,960	44,530	223,310	108,495	114,815
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	82,940	39,150	43,795	220,470	107,145	113,330
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	36,860	16,940	19,925	130,510	62,955	67,550
Métis	45,800	22,085	23,715	89,355	43,895	45,465
Inuk (Inuit)	275	125	150	610	295	310
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,195	655	540	2,020	985	1,030
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	360	155	205	820	365	450
Non-Aboriginal identity	608,540	299,850	308,690	1,017,385	505,945	511,445
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	693,030	339,810	353,220	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	35,045	16,020	19,025	127,250	61,300	65,950
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	657,985	323,790	334,195	1,113,450	553,140	560,305
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	693,025	339,810	353,215	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	28,495	13,205	15,295	110,630	53,980	56,645
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	27,410	12,690	14,720	108,055	52,775	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	19,315	8,885	10,430	93,070	45,490	47,580
Métis single ancestry	8,040	3,785	4,255	14,835	7,210	7,625
Inuit single ancestry	60	20	35	155	75	80
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,085	510	575	2,570	1,205	1,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,050	495	555	2,495	1,160	1,335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	10	10	50	30	15
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	10	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	10	10	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	57,830	27,700	30,130	114,605	55,480	59,120
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	54,400	26,085	28,310	107,535	52,250	55,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	19,345	9,245	10,100	40,265	19,440	20,820
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,830	16,735	18,095	66,810	32,600	34,215
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	220	105	115	460	210	250
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	3,430	1,610	1,820	7,070	3,235	3,835
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,280	1,540	1,745	6,800	3,100	3,705
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	65	35	30	120	65	55
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	35	40	130	55	80
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	10	0	10	10	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	606,705	298,910	307,795	1,015,465	504,980	510,485
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	693,025	339,810	353,220	1,240,700	614,440	626,260
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	193,110	96,060	97,045	216,850	108,315	108,530
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	37,570	19,765	17,810	42,060	22,200	19,855
Chinese	19,675	9,925	9,755	22,540	11,340	11,195
Black	26,900	13,870	13,025	30,335	15,790	14,550
Filipino	73,360	34,860	38,500	79,815	37,935	41,885
Latin American	6,725	3,260	3,465	9,895	4,840	5,050
Arab	4,560	2,425	2,135	5,030	2,705	2,325
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	7,875	3,795	4,085	8,565	4,155	4,410
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,450	1,275	1,175	2,695	1,420	1,270
Korean	3,780	1,875	1,900	4,375	2,195	2,180
Japanese	1,565	720	850	1,850	880	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	2,755	1,380	1,380	3,195	1,610	1,590
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	5,880	2,910	2,965	6,485	3,235	3,250
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	499,920	243,745	256,175	1,023,850	506,125	517,725
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	693,030	339,810	353,220	1,240,700	614,440	626,255
North American Aboriginal origins	86,325	40,900	45,425	225,230	109,465	115,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	43,095	20,215	22,875	142,820	69,305	73,510
Inuit	465	220	245	955	460	500
Métis	47,295	22,595	24,700	91,120	44,150	46,970
Other North American origins	118,145	58,245	59,900	247,670	123,075	124,600
Acadian	415	195	220	645	325	320
American	5,265	2,610	2,660	9,220	4,605	4,615
Canadian	113,855	56,080	57,775	240,835	119,610	121,225
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	130	80	55	215	130	90
Nova Scotian	20	20	10	20	15	0
Ontarian	15	15	0	20	20	0
Québécois	230	125	105	280	150	125
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	0	15	30	10	25
European origins	444,215	215,910	228,310	826,210	406,770	419,445
British Isles origins	230,910	112,650	118,265	421,515	206,840	214,675
Channel Islander	45	15	30	45	25	25
Cornish	65	40	25	85	45	40
English	131,505	63,550	67,955	245,960	119,975	125,985
Irish	87,960	42,005	45,950	156,145	74,290	81,850
Manx	115	80	35	200	100	100
Scottish	113,310	55,085	58,225	208,065	100,790	107,265
Welsh	10,955	5,245	5,710	17,760	8,575	9,180
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	13,325	6,215	7,110	19,610	9,260	10,355
French origins	83,695	40,380	43,315	148,810	72,060	76,750
Alsatian	20	10	10	20	15	15
Breton	65	15	45	120	40	75
Corsican	0	0	0	0	10	0
French	83,655	40,360	43,295	148,740	72,020	76,720
Western European origins (except French origins)	138,055	66,755	71,300	286,985	141,285	145,705
Austrian	7,415	3,535	3,880	12,325	6,190	6,135
Bavarian	10	0	0	15	10	0
Belgian	9,755	4,670	5,085	21,510	10,495	11,020
Dutch	25,380	12,410	12,975	55,525	27,375	28,150
Flemish	525	200	325	965	445	515
Frisian	85	50	30	140	75	55
German	106,380	51,485	54,900	220,735	108,650	112,080
Luxembourger	80	35	45	155	65	90
Swiss	2,755	1,300	1,455	5,475	2,660	2,810
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	125	55	70	140	65	75
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	43,055	20,300	22,755	80,295	38,580	41,720
Danish	4,340	2,075	2,260	7,895	3,850	4,050
Finnish	2,435	1,120	1,310	4,000	1,905	2,095
Icelandic	16,175	7,795	8,385	31,090	15,265	15,825
Norwegian	10,225	4,685	5,545	19,600	9,145	10,455
Swedish	12,350	5,745	6,605	22,470	10,530	11,945
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	1,555	755	800	2,540	1,260	1,285
Eastern European origins	156,935	75,665	81,265	287,695	141,310	146,380
Bulgarian	270	155	120	330	190	145
Byelorussian	605	290	310	885	430	455
Czech	2,660	1,225	1,430	4,590	2,165	2,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	1,215	590	625	2,155	1,120	1,040
Estonian	165	70	95	190	80	115
Hungarian	6,495	3,240	3,260	10,120	4,990	5,125
Latvian	820	380	445	1,365	655	715
Lithuanian	970	465	510	1,455	750	705
Moldovan	245	130	120	325	170	160
Polish	52,190	24,910	27,280	88,090	42,670	45,420
Romanian	3,810	1,865	1,940	5,835	2,790	3,045
Russian	25,780	12,320	13,460	58,225	28,625	29,605
Slovak	1,370	610	760	2,190	1,055	1,135
Ukrainian	100,005	48,345	51,665	180,055	88,615	91,445
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	710	315	390	895	415	480
Southern European origins	47,695	23,350	24,350	59,915	29,445	30,470
Albanian	395	215	175	415	220	195
Bosnian	955	465	485	1,030	505	520
Catalan	15	0	15	15	0	15
Croatian	2,205	1,040	1,165	2,930	1,430	1,500
Cypriot	30	20	10	45	25	15
Greek	3,370	1,710	1,655	4,130	2,070	2,060
Italian	17,745	8,925	8,820	23,210	11,675	11,530
Kosovar	35	20	20	45	20	25
Macedonian	215	110	105	225	120	110
Maltese	230	110	120	360	165	195
Montenegrin	35	10	30	40	10	30
Portuguese	11,770	5,815	5,950	14,540	7,215	7,320
Serbian	1,055	560	490	1,240	660	580
Sicilian	200	85	120	235	110	125
Slovenian	890	430	460	1,005	485	520
Spanish	10,415	4,660	5,755	12,625	5,680	6,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	755	410	345	1,060	540	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	70	40	30	65	40	30
Other European origins	8,825	4,435	4,390	10,950	5,550	5,400
Basque	100	65	35	100	65	35
Jewish	7,310	3,640	3,665	8,455	4,250	4,200
Roma (Gypsy)	100	55	45	155	70	85
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	125	65	60	185	100	85
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,255	640	620	2,130	1,090	1,040
Caribbean origins	8,990	4,485	4,505	10,805	5,355	5,450
Antiguan	60	20	40	60	20	40
Bahamian	55	30	25	60	35	25
Barbadian	645	330	315	740	390	350
Bermudan	35	25	15	40	30	15
Carib	70	30	40	65	30	40
Cuban	240	110	125	340	155	190
Dominican	245	130	115	275	145	135
Grenadian	145	80	70	160	85	80
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	130	50	85	235	90	150
Jamaican	3,765	1,865	1,900	4,585	2,250	2,335
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	60	20	40	70	25	45
St. Lucian	30	20	15	30	20	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,005	1,055	945	2,395	1,240	1,160
Vincentian/Grenadinian	160	75	85	190	90	105
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,275	595	680	1,465	705	760
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	575	305	270	665	360	305
Latin, Central and South American origins	11,000	5,375	5,625	23,115	11,555	11,565
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	485	265	220	650	330	320
Arawak	10	10	10	10	10	10
Argentinian	445	215	230	475	230	245
Belizean	20	15	10	200	105	100
Bolivian	50	10	40	300	160	140
Brazilian	690	305	380	830	375	455
Chilean	1,260	590	670	1,520	720	795
Colombian	810	385	425	1,400	680	715
Costa Rican	55	30	30	65	40	25
Ecuadorian	80	50	30	125	70	55
Guatemalan	450	205	245	505	240	260
Guyanese	1,305	660	650	1,485	770	715
Hispanic	300	130	170	425	210	220
Honduran	70	40	30	520	245	280
Maya	135	90	45	220	135	80
Mexican	1,720	810	910	8,790	4,440	4,350
Nicaraguan	295	150	145	370	200	170
Panamanian	40	10	30	50	10	40
Paraguayan	485	275	210	2,080	1,070	1,010
Peruvian	265	100	165	350	130	225
Salvadorean	1,675	885	785	2,735	1,425	1,315
Uruguayan	35	10	25	35	10	20
Venezuelan	180	70	115	240	95	150
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	735	370	365	1,045	525	520
African origins	25,385	13,130	12,250	28,860	14,980	13,885
Central and West African origins	8,045	4,220	3,830	8,665	4,585	4,085
Akan	30	0	25	35	10	25
Angolan	15	10	0	10	10	0
Ashanti	20	10	10	25	10	10
Beninese	50	45	10	55	45	0
Burkinabe	20	10	0	20	10	10
Cameroonian	145	80	70	145	80	70
Chadian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Congolese	1,545	770	775	1,575	785	790
Edo	125	85	40	130	85	45
Ewe	15	10	10	15	10	10
Gabonese	25	25	10	25	20	10
Gambian	10	10	10	10	0	10
Ghanaian	350	195	160	380	220	170
Guinean	65	20	40	70	20	50
Ibo	415	200	220	435	205	225
Ivorian	120	45	75	120	45	75
Liberian	50	20	35	80	20	55
Malian	140	85	55	140	85	55
Malinké	30	25	0	35	20	10
Nigerian	3,450	1,880	1,565	3,860	2,130	1,735
Peulh	30	10	10	25	15	15
Senegalese	115	70	45	115	70	40
Sierra Leonean	310	150	165	320	155	165
Togolese	115	60	55	115	60	55
Wolof	20	10	10	25	10	15
Yoruba	995	510	490	1,050	540	510
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	490	225	265	545	260	285
North African origins	3,235	1,720	1,520	3,690	1,980	1,705
Algerian	95	35	55	100	35	60
Berber	130	80	50	150	90	55
Coptic	75	40	30	85	45	40
Dinka	35	20	10	30	25	10
Egyptian	1,160	610	550	1,335	720	620
Libyan	305	145	160	360	175	185
Maure	75	45	25	100	70	30
Moroccan	300	150	150	350	190	160
Sudanese	1,030	545	480	1,075	580	500
Tunisian	85	55	25	130	65	60
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	65	30	30	75	40	35
Southern and East African origins	9,195	4,755	4,435	10,500	5,420	5,080
Afrikaner	30	25	10	65	40	30
Amhara	110	80	35	140	100	45
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	145	85	65	150	90	65
Burundian	215	100	115	235	110	125
Djiboutian	40	25	15	45	30	15
Eritrean	2,175	1,160	1,015	2,300	1,240	1,055
Ethiopian	2,520	1,275	1,245	2,900	1,505	1,395
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	285	140	150	335	165	170
Malagasy	0	0	0	25	15	10
Mauritian	100	55	50	245	125	115
Oromo	315	185	130	325	185	140
Rwandan	295	140	150	300	145	155
Seychellois	35	10	25	45	20	30
Somali	1,715	895	820	1,740	900	845
South African	380	175	210	730	310	420
Tanzanian	85	50	30	90	55	30
Tigrian	320	195	120	320	200	120
Ugandan	170	85	90	255	125	130
Zambian	195	90	105	200	95	110
Zimbabwean	260	120	140	310	150	160
Zulu	25	15	10	30	15	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	425	220	205	440	230	210
Other African origins	5,520	2,770	2,755	6,670	3,350	3,325
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	650	335	310	825	405	415
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	4,950	2,455	2,495	5,925	2,965	2,965
Asian origins	159,880	79,230	80,655	178,655	88,885	89,765
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,725	4,995	4,730	11,850	6,130	5,715
Afghan	1,010	475	530	1,010	485	530
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,535	835	700	1,755	975	785
Armenian	355	175	180	495	250	250
Assyrian	30	25	15	40	30	10
Azerbaijani	55	30	25	55	35	20
Georgian	100	55	50	110	60	45
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	1,570	835	735	1,885	1,015	870
Iraqi	915	475	440	925	480	450
Israeli	715	370	345	775	410	360
Jordanian	210	90	120	235	100	135
Kazakh	45	25	25	335	185	145
Kurd	300	145	160	305	145	160
Kuwaiti	45	15	25	40	20	25
Kyrgyz	35	20	20	45	30	20
Lebanese	980	495	490	1,375	700	675
Palestinian	545	290	255	620	340	275
Pashtun	50	25	25	65	25	40
Saudi Arabian	125	70	55	170	95	70
Syrian	905	445	460	1,115	535	580
Tajik	45	20	25	55	20	40
Tatar	145	70	70	310	155	155
Turk	540	250	290	655	315	340
Turkmen	0	0	0	10	0	0
Uighur	10	0	0	10	10	0
Uzbek	55	40	20	70	45	20
Yemeni	105	45	55	100	45	55
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	220	125	95	305	145	155
South Asian origins	38,340	20,105	18,230	43,155	22,710	20,440
Bangladeshi	850	485	370	880	500	385
Bengali	190	115	80	200	115	85
Bhutanese	145	55	85	140	55	85
East Indian	30,365	15,870	14,495	34,470	18,110	16,355
Goan	50	25	30	50	30	30
Gujarati	150	80	70	220	120	100
Kashmiri	20	10	10	30	10	15
Nepali	490	240	255	500	250	250
Pakistani	2,960	1,610	1,350	3,370	1,795	1,575
Punjabi	3,495	1,815	1,680	3,830	1,995	1,840
Sinhalese	250	125	125	280	145	135
Sri Lankan	1,025	505	515	1,090	545	545
Tamil	235	140	100	245	145	105
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	665	385	280	725	415	305
East and Southeast Asian origins	112,260	54,295	57,960	124,100	60,175	63,925
Burmese	250	120	125	260	125	135
Cambodian (Khmer)	500	270	230	525	280	240
Chinese	26,505	13,170	13,335	30,150	14,980	15,170
Filipino	76,735	36,665	40,070	83,530	39,955	43,580
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	415	220	200	530	265	265
Japanese	2,255	1,045	1,210	2,675	1,305	1,365
Karen	450	195	255	455	195	255
Korean	3,920	1,960	1,960	4,545	2,300	2,240
Laotian	1,550	730	825	1,730	820	910
Malaysian	430	215	210	470	240	230
Mongolian	130	50	75	150	60	90
Singaporean	0	10	0	20	10	10
Taiwanese	115	75	40	150	90	60
Thai	610	270	340	750	335	420
Tibetan	15	10	0	15	10	10
Vietnamese	5,495	2,710	2,785	5,850	2,915	2,935
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	145	65	80	145	70	80
Other Asian origins	430	215	220	575	320	260
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	435	215	215	575	320	260
Oceania origins	965	455	515	1,525	740	785
Australian	640	280	360	910	415	495
New Zealander	180	95	80	315	170	140
Pacific Islands origins	195	105	90	345	180	165
Fijian	10	0	10	80	45	30
Hawaiian	55	30	25	60	30	30
Maori	55	30	25	55	30	25
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	50	30	20	95	45	45
Samoan	0	0	0	25	0	15
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	40	15	25	65	30	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	282,120	...	...	489,050	...	...
Owner	183,395	...	...	336,170	...	...
Renter	98,720	...	...	140,260	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	12,620	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	282,115	...	...	489,050	...	...
Condominium	24,185	...	...	33,325	...	...
Not condominium	257,930	...	...	455,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	282,115	...	...	489,050	...	...
No bedrooms	3,030	...	...	3,745	...	...
1 bedroom	47,900	...	...	63,040	...	...
2 bedrooms	73,520	...	...	121,520	...	...
3 bedrooms	96,300	...	...	175,500	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	61,375	...	...	125,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	282,115	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,455	...	...	132,410	...	...
5 rooms	45,900	...	...	82,935	...	...
6 rooms	42,910	...	...	78,750	...	...
7 rooms	35,520	...	...	64,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	65,340	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	282,115	...	...	489,050	...	...
One person or fewer per room	272,995	...	...	473,625	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,120	...	...	15,420	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	282,115	...	...	489,050	...	...
Suitable	261,165	...	...	456,365	...	...
Not suitable	20,955	...	...	32,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	282,115	...	...	489,050	...	...
1960 or before	97,210	...	...	142,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	93,845	...	...	158,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	36,170	...	...	65,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	17,970	...	...	42,740	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,900	...	...	20,815	...	...
2006 to 2010	12,380	...	...	27,880	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	15,645	...	...	32,035	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	282,120	...	...	489,050	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	260,050	...	...	444,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,065	...	...	44,055	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	282,115	...	...	489,050	...	...
1 household maintainer	164,905	...	...	290,830	...	...
2 household maintainers	109,655	...	...	187,775	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	7,555	...	...	10,445	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	282,120	...	...	489,050	...	...
15 to 24 years	9,595	...	...	17,240	...	...
25 to 34 years	44,905	...	...	74,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	50,700	...	...	84,800	...	...
45 to 54 years	55,575	...	...	95,135	...	...
55 to 64 years	54,320	...	...	96,255	...	...
65 to 74 years	37,360	...	...	67,475	...	...
75 to 84 years	20,965	...	...	37,760	...	...
85 years and over	8,700	...	...	15,440	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	281,275	...	...	461,870	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	219,940	...	...	373,860	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	61,335	...	...	88,010	...	...
30% to less than 100%	52,210	...	...	76,075	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	183,370	...	...	324,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	63.0	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.3	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,078	...	...	973	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,160	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	297,831	...	...	275,473	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	319,050	...	...	297,444	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	98,725	...	...	138,905	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	18.3	...	...	19.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	39.6	...	...	36.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	915	...	...	868	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	939	...	...	891	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	574,035	278,700	295,335	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,150	48,655	48,495	220,390	116,570	103,820
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	171,600	85,895	85,705	296,355	147,040	149,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	305,285	144,155	161,130	484,555	227,975	256,585
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,575	25,830	11,745	77,000	54,090	22,910
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	19,440	11,410	8,030	37,490	21,985	15,500
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	18,135	14,420	3,720	39,515	32,110	7,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	102,080	43,540	58,540	177,620	72,785	104,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,865	6,590	9,275	28,940	12,075	16,860
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	149,760	68,195	81,565	200,990	89,020	111,970
Bachelor's degree	105,610	46,600	59,010	143,780	61,350	82,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,470	4,985	6,485	16,040	6,675	9,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,685	2,655	2,030	6,105	3,515	2,595
Master's degree	23,210	10,915	12,300	29,305	13,830	15,470
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,780	3,035	1,740	5,765	3,645	2,115
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	380,465	186,840	193,625	654,670	323,300	331,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	38,440	21,505	16,935	94,310	54,700	39,610
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	100,890	52,665	48,225	182,335	93,000	89,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	241,135	112,670	128,465	378,030	175,595	202,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	25,880	17,905	7,975	53,800	38,185	15,620
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	13,490	8,080	5,410	25,955	15,460	10,490
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	12,390	9,825	2,565	27,850	22,725	5,125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	79,425	34,595	44,835	137,930	57,445	80,485
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,845	4,965	6,875	21,215	8,995	12,220
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	123,985	55,205	68,775	165,085	70,970	94,115
Bachelor's degree	88,260	38,655	49,605	119,150	50,120	69,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,775	3,710	5,065	12,185	4,840	7,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,875	2,040	1,840	5,075	2,705	2,370
Master's degree	19,530	8,710	10,815	24,410	10,815	13,595
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,540	2,095	1,445	4,270	2,495	1,770
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	574,035	278,700	295,335	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	268,750	134,545	134,200	516,750	263,605	253,140
Education	25,525	6,930	18,605	44,855	11,705	33,145
13. Education	25,530	6,930	18,605	44,855	11,710	33,145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	9,865	4,720	5,145	13,170	6,230	6,940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,670	1,275	390	2,415	1,860	550
50. Visual and performing arts	8,200	3,445	4,750	10,755	4,365	6,390
Humanities	16,055	6,830	9,225	23,030	9,915	13,110
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,490	340	1,150	1,775	400	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	3,190	910	2,280	3,905	1,110	2,795
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,030	2,110	2,920	7,065	2,820	4,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	20	30	60	25	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,090	665	420	1,590	940	650
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,075	1,220	860	4,510	2,590	1,925
54. History	2,555	1,405	1,150	3,410	1,855	1,555
55. French language and literature/letters	570	150	420	705	175	530
Social and behavioural sciences and law	34,260	12,470	21,790	46,555	15,805	30,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	605	145	455	880	220	660
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,510	995	1,515	3,115	1,225	1,890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,590	565	6,030	10,760	795	9,965
22. Legal professions and studies	5,180	1,910	3,265	7,130	2,365	4,760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	725	210	520	955	305	650
42. Psychology	6,285	1,900	4,390	8,155	2,385	5,770
45. Social sciences	12,370	6,755	5,610	15,565	8,510	7,055
Business, management and public administration	64,250	25,795	38,460	95,115	34,865	60,255
30.16 Accounting and computer science	220	70	145	320	105	210
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,650	1,245	3,405	7,670	1,875	5,790
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	59,385	24,475	34,910	87,125	32,875	54,250
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,290	6,255	6,035	16,120	8,165	7,950
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,225	2,355	2,875	6,625	2,990	3,640
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,265	1,750	1,515	4,325	2,285	2,040
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	360	60	300	470	70	395
40. Physical sciences	2,835	1,950	885	3,685	2,585	1,095
41. Science technologies/technicians	605	140	460	1,020	240	780
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	14,730	9,415	5,320	18,425	11,380	7,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,235	8,305	3,930	15,225	10,050	5,175
25. Library science	815	140	675	1,140	175	965
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,575	900	670	1,945	1,080	865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	105	65	40	120	75	40
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	54,975	49,875	5,095	96,625	89,275	7,350
04. Architecture and related services	2,040	1,165	870	2,420	1,380	1,040
14. Engineering	13,115	10,910	2,205	16,205	13,530	2,675
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,005	9,915	1,090	17,815	15,975	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10,240	10,065	170	22,160	21,705	450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	12,815	12,345	470	27,485	26,650	830
48. Precision production	5,765	5,470	295	10,530	10,030	505
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,135	3,125	2,005	14,540	10,260	4,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,445	2,175	1,270	11,380	8,280	3,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,690	950	740	3,160	1,980	1,180
Health and related fields	52,925	11,585	41,335	87,795	16,505	71,290
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,680	1,285	1,395	4,105	1,945	2,155
51. Health professions and related programs	48,720	9,390	39,325	81,865	13,450	68,415
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,525	910	615	1,825	1,110	715
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,240	7,140	8,100	28,275	13,845	14,435
12. Personal and culinary services	9,575	2,580	7,000	16,750	4,095	12,655
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	45	0	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	130	125	0	240	230	10
43. Security and protective services	2,390	1,555	830	5,005	3,680	1,330
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,090	2,825	265	6,185	5,750	435
Other	30	10	15	60	30	35
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	30	10	20	60	25	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	380,460	186,840	193,625	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	139,330	74,165	65,160	276,645	147,710	128,935
Education	18,375	4,735	13,635	31,645	7,860	23,785
13. Education	18,375	4,740	13,635	31,650	7,865	23,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,895	3,780	4,115	10,350	4,875	5,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,310	970	335	1,815	1,335	480
50. Visual and performing arts	6,585	2,810	3,780	8,540	3,545	4,990
Humanities	12,315	5,215	7,095	17,250	7,370	9,880
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,275	295	980	1,485	330	1,155
23. English language and literature/letters	2,440	690	1,750	2,930	810	2,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,935	1,700	2,235	5,420	2,245	3,180
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	20	25	55	30	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	865	510	350	1,230	715	515
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,530	890	640	3,255	1,835	1,420
54. History	1,795	985	805	2,365	1,275	1,090
55. French language and literature/letters	420	115	300	505	135	370
Social and behavioural sciences and law	27,930	9,790	18,140	38,120	12,380	25,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	505	130	380	740	185	555
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,095	810	1,285	2,575	965	1,610
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,305	405	4,900	8,805	605	8,195
22. Legal professions and studies	4,370	1,430	2,935	6,085	1,795	4,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	640	185	450	815	265	550
42. Psychology	4,875	1,380	3,500	6,370	1,720	4,645
45. Social sciences	10,145	5,450	4,695	12,730	6,835	5,895
Business, management and public administration	51,870	20,695	31,180	76,370	27,865	48,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	190	70	120	270	95	175
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,655	885	2,770	6,145	1,335	4,810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	48,025	19,735	28,290	69,950	26,440	43,510
Physical and life sciences and technologies	9,395	4,630	4,765	12,195	5,930	6,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,155	1,800	2,360	5,290	2,265	3,025
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,325	1,270	1,055	3,005	1,595	1,405
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	330	55	275	405	65	345
40. Physical sciences	2,170	1,415	750	2,805	1,855	950
41. Science technologies/technicians	420	95	325	690	150	545
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	12,745	8,260	4,490	15,955	9,965	5,985
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10,930	7,445	3,490	13,600	9,015	4,585
25. Library science	535	110	425	790	135	650
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,200	660	540	1,465	760	700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	85	45	35	100	60	45
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	42,535	38,130	4,405	73,680	67,440	6,240
04. Architecture and related services	1,725	985	735	2,025	1,160	865
14. Engineering	11,230	9,235	1,995	13,705	11,305	2,405
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	8,680	7,730	950	13,840	12,265	1,575
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	7,290	7,145	140	16,060	15,690	365
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,455	9,125	335	20,395	19,765	625
48. Precision production	4,150	3,905	250	7,655	7,250	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,080	2,400	1,680	11,450	7,800	3,645
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,640	1,615	1,025	8,760	6,170	2,590
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,435	785	650	2,695	1,635	1,060
Health and related fields	42,645	9,575	33,075	69,600	13,415	56,185
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,200	1,075	1,125	3,310	1,585	1,715
51. Health professions and related programs	39,245	7,835	31,410	64,870	11,020	53,850
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,200	665	535	1,430	810	620
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,340	5,455	5,890	21,365	10,660	10,705
12. Personal and culinary services	6,895	1,860	5,030	12,255	2,980	9,275
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	45	10	90	85	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	55	55	0	110	105	0
43. Security and protective services	1,910	1,250	660	4,025	2,945	1,080
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,435	2,230	200	4,885	4,545	340
Other	20	15	0	50	30	25
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	20	10	0	50	25	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	574,035	278,700	295,335	1,001,305	491,585	509,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	268,750	134,550	134,205	516,750	263,610	253,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	305,285	144,150	161,135	484,555	227,975	256,585
Location of study inside Canada	240,615	112,680	127,935	403,775	188,230	215,540
Same as province or territory of residence	211,540	98,165	113,380	352,390	162,050	190,340
Different than province or territory of residence	29,070	14,520	14,555	51,385	26,185	25,200
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	64,670	31,475	33,200	80,785	39,745	41,040
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	6,005	3,205	2,800	9,155	4,910	4,245
Philippines	23,735	10,395	13,340	26,450	11,595	14,860
India	8,920	4,555	4,370	10,365	5,300	5,070
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,690	1,565	1,130	4,180	2,350	1,825
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,510	1,155	1,360	2,865	1,330	1,535
France	315	180	135	395	235	165
Other	20,495	10,420	10,075	27,375	14,030	13,345
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	380,460	186,840	193,620	654,670	323,300	331,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	139,325	74,170	65,160	276,640	147,705	128,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	241,135	112,670	128,465	378,035	175,595	202,440
Location of study inside Canada	186,005	86,415	99,590	309,655	142,710	166,950
Same as province or territory of residence	163,665	75,380	88,285	270,435	123,090	147,340
Different than province or territory of residence	22,340	11,040	11,300	39,225	19,615	19,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	55,130	26,255	28,875	68,375	32,885	35,485
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	4,050	1,975	2,075	6,215	3,005	3,210
Philippines	21,960	9,645	12,315	24,495	10,775	13,720
India	8,090	4,085	4,000	9,430	4,770	4,660
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,515	890	630	2,465	1,385	1,080
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,305	1,040	1,260	2,630	1,210	1,420
France	275	155	115	340	195	145
Other	16,940	8,460	8,485	22,805	11,555	11,255
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	574,035	278,700	295,335	1,001,305	491,580	509,725
In the labour force	385,095	198,555	186,545	662,155	347,685	314,465
Employed	360,055	184,770	175,290	617,465	322,130	295,335
Unemployed	25,040	13,785	11,255	44,690	25,560	19,130
Not in the labour force	188,940	80,145	108,795	339,155	143,895	195,260
Participation rate	67.1	71.2	63.2	66.1	70.7	61.7
Employment rate	62.7	66.3	59.4	61.7	65.5	57.9
Unemployment rate	6.5	6.9	6.0	6.7	7.4	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	574,035	278,700	295,335	1,001,310	491,585	509,725
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	177,650	75,115	102,540	312,495	131,600	180,900
Worked	396,385	203,585	192,800	688,810	359,980	328,830
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	204,765	114,400	90,365	358,800	206,460	152,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	191,620	89,190	102,430	330,010	153,520	176,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1	43.6	42.5	42.9	43.5	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	385,100	198,555	186,545	662,155	347,685	314,465
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,685	3,615	4,070	12,625	6,125	6,505
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	377,410	194,940	182,470	649,530	341,560	307,965
Employee	347,530	175,945	171,585	580,885	296,560	284,325
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	29,880	19,000	10,890	68,645	45,000	23,640
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	385,095	198,555	186,540	662,155	347,690	314,470
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,680	3,615	4,070	12,625	6,125	6,505
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	377,410	194,940	182,475	649,525	341,565	307,965
0 Management occupations	35,300	21,385	13,920	71,455	45,945	25,510
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	61,705	19,630	42,080	96,050	27,530	68,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	24,495	19,430	5,065	34,135	26,895	7,240
3 Health occupations	32,270	7,735	24,530	52,280	10,830	41,450
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	51,015	17,170	33,845	86,055	27,425	58,630
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,565	4,735	5,830	14,355	6,025	8,325
6 Sales and service occupations	91,005	41,530	49,475	144,490	62,735	81,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	50,180	47,655	2,525	102,660	97,500	5,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,640	2,995	640	18,400	14,490	3,910
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,235	12,685	4,550	29,650	22,180	7,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	385,100	198,555	186,545	662,155	347,685	314,465
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,685	3,615	4,070	12,625	6,120	6,500
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	377,410	194,940	182,475	649,525	341,560	307,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,450	1,575	870	28,680	20,765	7,920
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	625	500	125	5,460	4,830	635
22 Utilities	3,675	2,650	1,025	7,390	5,625	1,765
23 Construction	23,770	21,125	2,640	49,575	43,990	5,585
31-33 Manufacturing	32,975	24,455	8,520	54,645	40,800	13,845
41 Wholesale trade	13,640	9,725	3,915	21,890	16,040	5,850
44-45 Retail trade	42,075	20,635	21,435	69,700	33,960	35,740
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	21,360	16,985	4,375	35,490	28,350	7,145
51 Information and cultural industries	7,955	4,615	3,335	10,875	6,085	4,790
52 Finance and insurance	18,205	7,345	10,865	25,885	9,615	16,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,690	3,235	2,455	8,235	4,565	3,670
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	20,605	11,215	9,390	28,470	14,790	13,680
55 Management of companies and enterprises	500	200	295	635	250	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15,160	8,875	6,290	22,285	13,105	9,170
61 Educational services	32,030	10,935	21,100	55,025	17,480	37,540
62 Health care and social assistance	55,935	12,595	43,340	93,960	18,345	75,615
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	8,550	4,410	4,140	12,980	6,620	6,360
72 Accommodation and food services	28,680	12,415	16,270	43,655	17,430	26,230
81 Other services (except public administration)	16,435	7,480	8,960	28,055	13,740	14,315
91 Public administration	27,095	13,970	13,120	46,645	25,180	21,465
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	360,055	184,775	175,285	617,465	322,125	295,335
Worked at home	14,985	7,450	7,535	42,530	23,485	19,050
Worked outside Canada	1,265	825	440	1,935	1,305	630
No fixed workplace address	35,115	26,160	8,955	68,420	52,715	15,710
Worked at usual place	308,690	150,335	158,355	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	308,695	150,335	158,355	504,580	244,620	259,960
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	289,705	138,070	151,630	384,465	181,650	202,820
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,655	1,475	1,175	50,350	23,760	26,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,130	10,025	5,105	66,495	37,055	29,435
Commute to a different province or territory	1,205	765	440	3,275	2,150	1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	343,805	176,495	167,310	573,005	297,335	275,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	240,975	134,995	105,980	431,755	237,860	193,895
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	25,275	7,540	17,740	40,595	14,520	26,070
Public transit	51,060	20,525	30,535	53,740	21,780	31,955
Walked	16,725	7,275	9,455	32,330	13,815	18,520
Bicycle	6,205	4,275	1,935	8,175	5,670	2,505
Other method	3,560	1,890	1,675	6,410	3,695	2,715
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	343,805	176,495	167,310	573,000	297,340	275,665
Less than 15 minutes	77,860	36,090	41,765	185,120	87,795	97,320
15 to 29 minutes	149,890	77,975	71,915	208,570	108,680	99,890
30 to 44 minutes	81,270	44,080	37,190	115,090	63,555	51,535
45 to 59 minutes	21,050	11,055	9,990	36,755	20,485	16,270
60 minutes and over	13,735	7,280	6,450	27,470	16,820	10,650
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	343,805	176,490	167,310	573,000	297,335	275,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,770	10,280	4,495	28,060	20,145	7,915
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	59,680	35,850	23,830	104,545	65,630	38,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	101,625	51,405	50,225	168,760	90,125	78,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	70,675	30,275	40,400	126,090	50,885	75,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	34,820	15,325	19,495	53,120	22,305	30,810
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	62,235	33,365	28,875	92,430	48,240	44,190
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	409,300	209,680	199,620	710,830	370,255	340,575
Single responses	403,715	206,830	196,880	702,445	366,000	336,445
Official languages	399,810	204,725	195,085	694,855	361,770	333,090
English	395,805	203,420	192,385	688,400	359,660	328,730
French	4,005	1,305	2,695	6,455	2,100	4,355
Non-official languages	3,905	2,105	1,795	7,590	4,235	3,360
Aboriginal languages	75	30	45	1,815	1,025	800
Algonquian languages	70	30	40	1,755	990	755
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	15	10	985	565	420
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	15	10	980	565	415
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	15	30	770	430	335
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	35	10	25	230	125	110
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	535	310	230
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	55	30	30
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,830	2,075	1,750	5,770	3,215	2,560
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	155	130	300	155	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	30	10	15	30	10	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	30	10	15	30	10	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	255	145	110	270	145	125
Amharic	20	0	15	15	0	10
Arabic	95	60	35	105	70	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	115	50	65	115	50	65
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	25	25	0	35	25	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	30	95	140	35	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	125	30	95	140	35	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	430	205	220	485	245	240
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	0	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	420	200	220	470	235	240
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	10	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,455	870	585	3,115	1,865	1,255
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	315	150	165	480	245	235
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	320	155	165	480	245	235
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	45	25	15	65	50	20
Russian	170	90	80	280	145	135
Serbian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	85	30	55	110	40	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	55	35	20	1,300	790	505
Afrikaans	0	0	0	10	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	40	10	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	50	30	20	950	585	370
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	10	0	0	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	185	105
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	700	460	240	755	505	260
Indo-Aryan languages	645	430	215	685	455	225
Bengali	20	0	10	20	0	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	10	10	10
Hindi	30	30	0	40	40	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	10	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	585	390	190	605	400	210
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	10	0	10	10	0	10
Iranian languages	55	35	25	75	45	30
Kurdish	10	0	0	10	10	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	50	25	20	65	45	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	380	220	160	580	330	245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10	20	10	10
Portuguese	305	195	110	330	215	115
Romanian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Spanish	60	15	45	220	100	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	280	140	140	305	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	0	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	10	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	175	65	115	210	80	135
American Sign Language	130	50	75	155	65	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	15	35	55	15	45
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,035	585	450	1,170	650	515
Chinese languages	1,025	580	445	1,160	650	515
Cantonese	635	350	285	690	380	315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	385	225	165	440	255	185
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	10	10	10	10
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	15	0	10
Lao	15	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	5,590	2,845	2,740	8,390	4,255	4,125
English and French	1,670	745	925	2,655	1,150	1,505
English and non-official language	3,875	2,090	1,785	5,680	3,085	2,590
French and non-official language	10	0	10	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	30	10	25	45	20	30
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	409,300	209,680	199,620	710,835	370,255	340,575
None	382,965	197,510	185,455	662,595	346,710	315,885
English	4,535	1,755	2,775	8,550	3,690	4,855
French	8,590	3,620	4,970	13,320	5,825	7,495
Non-official language	12,935	6,640	6,290	25,960	13,815	12,145
Aboriginal	375	140	235	6,500	3,245	3,255
Non-Aboriginal	12,555	6,500	6,055	19,460	10,575	8,890
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language	35	35	0	65	45	20
French and non-official language	230	115	115	335	160	175
English, French and non-official language	10	10	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	685,370	335,890	349,480	1,225,480	606,585	618,895
Non-movers	584,855	285,980	298,875	1,064,380	527,020	537,360
Movers	100,515	49,910	50,605	161,100	79,570	81,535
Non-migrants	75,540	37,385	38,155	105,090	52,025	53,065
Migrants	24,975	12,530	12,450	56,010	27,545	28,465
Internal migrants	12,940	6,575	6,365	41,305	20,285	21,020
Intraprovincial migrants	6,755	3,290	3,465	30,395	14,720	15,675
Interprovincial migrants	6,180	3,280	2,895	10,915	5,565	5,345
External migrants	12,040	5,955	6,085	14,705	7,260	7,445
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	653,850	319,485	334,365	1,161,240	573,310	587,930
Non-movers	382,145	185,850	196,300	718,640	355,585	363,050
Movers	271,710	133,640	138,070	442,600	217,725	224,875
Non-migrants	183,710	89,930	93,780	261,015	128,560	132,455
Migrants	87,995	43,705	44,290	181,585	89,165	92,420
Internal migrants	35,125	17,300	17,825	117,135	56,880	60,260
Intraprovincial migrants	18,760	9,070	9,695	86,295	41,295	45,000
Interprovincial migrants	16,360	8,230	8,130	30,840	15,580	15,260
External migrants	52,875	26,410	26,465	64,445	32,285	32,165

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Manitoba [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 10, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Manitoba [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Manitoba [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Winnipeg [Economic region], Manitoba and Manitoba [Province]