Census Profile, 2016 Census
Elgin-St. Thomas Health Unit, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario and Nanaimo River 4, Indian reserve [Designated place], British Columbia

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Elgin-St. Thomas Health Unit, Ontario [Health region, December 2017]			Nanaimo River 4, IRI British Columbia [Designated place]
	Data quality , Elgin-St. Thomas Health Unit, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario Map : Elgin-St. Thomas Health Unit, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Nanaimo River 4, Indian reserve [Designated place], British Columbia Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	88,978	...	...	259	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	87,461	...	...	180	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	1.7	...	...	43.9	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	36,613	...	...	67	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	34,995	...	...	67	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	47.3	...	...	337.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,881.03	...	...	0.77	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	88,975	43,735	45,240	260	135	125
0 to 14 years	16,705	8,595	8,110	55	25	25
0 to 4 years	5,115	2,640	2,475	5	5	10
5 to 9 years	5,875	3,010	2,865	20	10	5
10 to 14 years	5,710	2,940	2,770	25	20	10
15 to 64 years	56,135	27,725	28,410	175	95	75
15 to 19 years	5,595	2,885	2,710	25	20	10
20 to 24 years	4,880	2,520	2,360	10	5	0
25 to 29 years	4,505	2,185	2,320	35	20	10
30 to 34 years	4,885	2,370	2,520	15	5	10
35 to 39 years	5,105	2,475	2,635	10	10	5
40 to 44 years	5,580	2,730	2,850	20	10	10
45 to 49 years	5,880	2,885	2,995	25	10	10
50 to 54 years	6,890	3,400	3,490	10	0	10
55 to 59 years	6,800	3,340	3,470	15	5	5
60 to 64 years	6,015	2,940	3,075	5	5	0
65 years and over	16,145	7,425	8,715	30	15	20
65 to 69 years	5,580	2,675	2,910	10	5	5
70 to 74 years	4,030	1,965	2,070	15	10	5
75 to 79 years	2,835	1,340	1,490	10	0	5
80 to 84 years	1,815	805	1,010	0	0	0
85 years and over	1,875	635	1,245	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	1,185	430	750	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	560	175	385	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	120	25	95	0	0	0
100 years and over	20	5	10	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.7	17.9	21.2	18.5	20.0
15 to 64 years	63.1	63.4	62.8	67.3	70.4	60.0
65 years and over	18.1	17.0	19.3	11.5	11.1	16.0
85 years and over	2.1	1.5	2.8	1.9	0.0	4.0
Average age of the population	41.1	40.2	42.0	35.7	33.8	37.7
Median age of the population	42.5	41.5	43.4	33.4	27.6	35.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	34,995	...	...	70	...	...
Single-detached house	27,130	...	...	30	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	775	...	...	0	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	6,755	...	...	15	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,415	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	970	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	730	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,530	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	340	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	34,995	...	...	65	...	...
1 person	8,840	...	...	10	...	...
2 persons	13,125	...	...	10	...	...
3 persons	5,230	...	...	15	...	...
4 persons	4,575	...	...	15	...	...
5 or more persons	3,220	...	...	20	...	...
Number of persons in private households	87,605	...	...	260	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	3.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	72,280	35,145	37,135	205	105	100
Married or living common law	44,570	22,235	22,330	95	50	50
Married	37,850	18,900	18,950	40	25	20
Living common law	6,725	3,335	3,390	55	25	30
Not married and not living common law	27,705	12,905	14,800	110	60	50
Never married	16,500	9,000	7,500	90	50	35
Separated	2,295	1,015	1,285	10	5	5
Divorced	4,345	1,880	2,470	10	5	5
Widowed	4,560	1,015	3,545	5	0	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	25,810	...	...	70	...	...
2 persons	13,540	...	...	25	...	...
3 persons	5,175	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	4,385	...	...	10	...	...
5 or more persons	2,710	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	25,810	...	...	70	...	...
Total couple families	22,015	...	...	45	...	...
Married couples	18,655	...	...	20	...	...
Common-law couples	3,360	...	...	30	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	3,790	...	...	20	...	...
Female parent	3,000	...	...	15	...	...
Male parent	795	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	22,020	...	...	45	...	...
Couples without children	11,255	...	...	15	...	...
Couples with children	10,765	...	...	35	...	...
1 child	4,065	...	...	20	...	...
2 children	4,100	...	...	5	...	...
3 or more children	2,605	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	3,790	...	...	20	...	...
1 child	2,290	...	...	10	...	...
2 children	1,110	...	...	10	...	...
3 or more children	390	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,900	5,570	6,330	25	5	15
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	34,995	...	...	70	...	...
One-census-family households	24,810	...	...	50	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	10,850	...	...	10	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	13,960	...	...	45	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	495	...	...	10	...	...
Non-census-family households	9,690	...	...	5	...	...
One-person households	8,845	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	850	...	...	0	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	87,945	43,275	44,665	260	140	120
English only	83,780	41,520	42,260	255	135	125
French only	5	0	5	0	0	0
English and French	3,540	1,490	2,050	5	0	0
Neither English nor French	615	270	345	0	0	0
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	87,940	43,280	44,660	255	135	120
English	86,575	42,645	43,925	260	135	120
French	720	345	375	0	0	0
English and French	55	25	30	0	0	0
Neither English nor French	600	260	340	0	0	0
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	745	360	385	0	0	0
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	87,940	43,275	44,665	255	135	120
Single responses	87,230	42,950	44,280	250	135	115
Official languages	75,820	37,385	38,430	240	130	110
English	75,005	36,990	38,010	235	130	110
French	820	395	420	5	5	0
Non-official languages	11,405	5,565	5,840	10	0	10
Aboriginal languages	5	5	5	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	5	0	5
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,405	5,560	5,845	5	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	150	70	80	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	145	70	75	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	95	45	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	5	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	50	25	30	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235	120	120	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	150	70	85	0	0	0
Vietnamese	90	45	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	90	20	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	20	55	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,460	5,125	5,335	5	0	0
Albanian	70	35	35	0	0	0
Armenian	15	5	5	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	795	365	430	0	0	0
Baltic languages	35	20	20	0	0	0
Latvian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Lithuanian	35	10	20	0	0	0
Slavic languages	755	350	410	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	10	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Croatian	200	95	100	0	0	0
Czech	40	20	20	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	5	0	0	0	0
Polish	305	130	175	0	0	0
Russian	30	15	10	0	0	0
Serbian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	40	20	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	80	35	45	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	8,515	4,180	4,335	0	0	0
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0	0	0
Danish	25	15	10	0	0	0
Dutch	1,065	525	540	0	0	0
Frisian	20	10	10	0	0	0
German	7,230	3,535	3,695	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	135	80	55	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0
Greek	50	30	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	140	65	75	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	120	60	65	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	35	15	20	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	20	30	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Urdu	20	15	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	15	5	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	880	455	425	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	205	115	95	0	0	0
Portuguese	330	180	150	0	0	0
Romanian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Spanish	315	155	165	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	5	10	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	65	30	35	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	5	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	5	0	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	35	55	0	0	0
Chinese languages	85	35	50	0	0	0
Cantonese	40	15	25	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	15	25	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	20	15	0	0	0
Lao	20	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	210	95	120	0	0	0
Estonian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	195	85	110	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	710	325	385	10	0	5
English and French	125	55	70	5	0	5
English and non-official language	570	265	305	5	0	5
French and non-official language	10	10	5	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	5	0	5	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	87,940	43,280	44,660	260	135	120
Single responses	86,595	42,650	43,950	260	135	120
Official languages	82,260	40,550	41,710	260	130	125
English	82,125	40,490	41,635	260	135	125
French	135	65	75	0	0	0
Non-official languages	4,335	2,095	2,240	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,335	2,095	2,240	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	30	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	25	30	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	50	25	25	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	65	65	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	35	40	0	0	0
Vietnamese	65	35	30	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,945	1,895	2,050	0	0	0
Albanian	20	10	10	0	0	0
Armenian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	230	100	135	0	0	0
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages	225	100	125	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0	0	0
Croatian	70	30	40	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	100	40	60	0	0	0
Russian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Serbian	15	5	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	3,330	1,625	1,710	0	0	0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	80	45	40	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	5	0	0	0
German	3,050	1,485	1,565	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	185	90	100	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	30	35	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	55	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	5	10	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	295	130	160	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20	0	0	0
Portuguese	115	55	65	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	135	65	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	45	20	20	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	25	10	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	10	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	25	15	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	25	0	0	0
Chinese languages	40	20	25	0	0	0
Cantonese	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0	0	0
Lao	5	5	5	0	0	0
Thai	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	5	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,345	630	715	5	0	0
English and French	60	20	40	0	0	0
English and non-official language	1,275	605	665	0	0	0
French and non-official language	5	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	5	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	87,940	43,280	44,665	260	135	120
None	81,480	40,205	41,275	255	130	120
English	1,940	930	1,010	0	0	0
French	625	260	365	0	0	0
Non-official language	3,845	1,860	1,990	10	5	5
Aboriginal	5	0	5	5	5	5
Non-Aboriginal	3,845	1,860	1,985	0	0	0
English and French	5	0	5	0	0	0
English and non-official language	20	5	10	0	0	0
French and non-official language	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	70,935	34,555	36,380	205	105	95
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	68,230	33,255	34,975	185	100	85
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,886	40,284	26,847	14,992	8,971	17,216
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	68,245	33,255	34,990	180	100	85
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,961	36,056	25,069	14,992	8,971	17,216
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	60,485	30,390	30,095	100	60	35
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,458	38,335	23,340	13,152	10,112	16,352
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	49,965	22,345	27,625	175	90	85
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,367	6,348	7,882	5,240	2,973	8,768
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	50,095	26,325	23,775	85	55	25
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,307	37,602	25,582	12,352	10,528	19,392
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	70,935	34,550	36,380	205	110	100
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	67,980	33,150	34,830	180	95	85
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,341	46,788	34,205	18,428	18,448	18,404
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	68,000	33,145	34,855	180	100	85
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,591	39,497	29,925	17,622	17,216	18,079
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	60,225	30,275	29,950	95	60	35
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,337	45,206	31,395	19,498	20,164	18,319
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	49,810	22,160	27,650	175	90	80
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,703	8,237	9,077	8,560	6,060	11,209
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	50,100	26,265	23,830	85	55	30
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,767	42,851	32,162	20,201	19,952	20,691
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	70,935	34,555	36,380	205	105	100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	25,050	14,460	10,585	30	15	15
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	48,815	53,474	43,464	34,944	40,064	28,160
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	54,341	58,343	48,874	36,636	40,321	31,416
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.2	88.3	78.8	54.3	69.0	41.0
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.9	72.7	64.0	51.8	59.5	39.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.8	11.7	21.2	42.7	31.1	60.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	70,930	34,555	36,380	205	105	95
Without total income	2,710	1,295	1,410	20	10	10
With total income	68,225	33,255	34,970	180	100	85
Percentage with total income	96.2	96.2	96.1	87.8	95.2	89.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,970	3,535	5,435	85	50	30
$10,000 to $19,999	12,150	4,530	7,620	35	15	20
$20,000 to $29,999	10,460	4,380	6,080	35	10	25
$30,000 to $39,999	8,705	4,050	4,655	5	5	5
$40,000 to $49,999	7,990	4,235	3,755	10	10	0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,885	3,340	2,545	5	5	0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,170	2,595	1,575	5	0	0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,850	1,870	980	0	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,995	1,295	700	5	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,870	1,090	780	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	3,180	2,335	845	0	0	0
$100,000 to $149,999	2,490	1,825	660	0	0	0
$150,000 and over	695	510	180	0	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	70,930	34,555	36,380	205	105	95
Without after-tax income	2,690	1,300	1,390	20	15	15
With after-tax income	68,240	33,255	34,985	185	95	90
Percentage with after-tax income	96.2	96.2	96.2	90.2	90.5	94.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,270	3,610	5,660	85	55	30
$10,000 to $19,999	12,790	4,840	7,950	35	15	20
$20,000 to $29,999	12,120	5,115	7,000	35	10	25
$30,000 to $39,999	10,585	5,280	5,300	10	5	5
$40,000 to $49,999	8,600	4,790	3,810	10	10	5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,650	3,475	2,175	5	5	0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,400	2,225	1,170	0	0	0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,635	1,610	1,025	0	0	0
$80,000 and over	3,210	2,305	905	0	5	0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,370	955	415	0	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	680	485	195	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	1,155	860	295	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	70,935	34,555	36,380	210	105	100
Without employment income	20,835	8,230	12,600	120	50	65
With employment income	50,100	26,320	23,775	85	55	30
Percentage with employment income	70.6	76.2	65.4	40.5	52.4	30.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,190	4,195	4,000	25	15	10
$5,000 to $9,999	4,165	1,695	2,475	10	10	0
$10,000 to $19,999	6,440	2,780	3,660	20	15	10
$20,000 to $29,999	5,505	2,490	3,015	10	5	5
$30,000 to $39,999	5,670	2,670	3,000	10	5	5
$40,000 to $49,999	5,225	2,770	2,455	5	5	5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,150	2,485	1,655	5	0	0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,030	1,965	1,060	5	5	0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,135	1,440	695	5	0	0
$80,000 and over	5,600	3,835	1,765	5	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,650	1,080	570	0	5	0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,605	950	655	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	2,345	1,810	535	0	0	0
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	34,995	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	66,494	...	...	42,368	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	59,283	...	...	42,368	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	8,840	...	...	10	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,370	...	...	0	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,689	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	26,155	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	80,327	...	...	46,720	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	71,154	...	...	45,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	34,995	...	...	70	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	78,364	...	...	50,332	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,215	...	...	48,131	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,855	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,163	...	...	0	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	32,797	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	26,140	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	91,985	...	...	52,852	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,877	...	...	50,446	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	34,995	...	...	65	...	...
Under $5,000	350	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	440	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	945	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,300	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,670	...	...	5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,410	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,615	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,560	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,680	...	...	5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,595	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,085	...	...	5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,825	...	...	5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,690	...	...	0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,290	...	...	5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,020	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,515	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,850	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,320	...	...	0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,230	...	...	0	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,115	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	34,995	...	...	65	...	...
Under $5,000	385	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	455	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	955	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,375	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,860	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,560	...	...	5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,815	...	...	5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,900	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,945	...	...	0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,920	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,570	...	...	5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,310	...	...	5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,965	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,450	...	...	5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,005	...	...	0	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,525	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,270	...	...	5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,700	...	...	0	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,555	...	...	0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	25,570	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,321	...	...	45,568	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	71,153	...	...	44,032	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	10,655	...	...	5	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,485	...	...	0	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	64,558	...	...	0	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	10,875	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,613	...	...	55,040	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,283	...	...	52,864	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,525	...	...	15	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,896	...	...	0	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,426	...	...	0	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	25,550	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,051	...	...	51,858	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	78,882	...	...	49,424	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	10,640	...	...	10	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,559	...	...	0	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	72,812	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	10,885	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,801	...	...	58,415	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	94,620	...	...	56,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,525	...	...	15	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	55,878	...	...	26,690	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	49,996	...	...	26,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	10,560	4,995	5,565	15	5	5
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	30,009	33,974	27,467	0	0	0
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,648	30,552	25,860	0	0	0
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	10,575	5,045	5,535	10	0	0
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	36,935	39,606	34,501	20,056	0	0
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,855	33,447	30,405	19,951	0	0
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	87,605	43,135	44,470	260	135	120
In the bottom half of the distribution	48,320	23,185	25,130	230	120	110
In the bottom decile	7,655	3,625	4,025	90	50	35
In the second decile	9,935	4,530	5,405	40	20	15
In the third decile	10,900	5,220	5,685	65	30	35
In the fourth decile	10,090	4,930	5,160	20	10	10
In the fifth decile	9,745	4,875	4,860	20	15	5
In the top half of the distribution	39,285	19,950	19,335	30	15	15
In the sixth decile	9,690	4,900	4,790	15	5	5
In the seventh decile	9,125	4,600	4,530	5	5	0
In the eighth decile	8,485	4,350	4,135	5	5	5
In the ninth decile	7,295	3,705	3,595	0	0	0
In the top decile	4,690	2,400	2,285	0	0	0
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	87,605	43,135	44,470	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	20,115	10,320	9,800	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	6,250	3,240	3,010	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	52,250	25,695	26,550	0	0	0
65 years and over	15,245	7,125	8,120	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,515	5,800	6,715	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	3,785	1,965	1,825	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	1,340	685	655	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	6,785	3,110	3,675	0	0	0
65 years and over	1,945	725	1,220	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.3	13.4	15.1	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	18.8	19.0	18.6	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	21.4	21.1	21.8	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	13.0	12.1	13.8	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	12.8	10.2	15.0	...	...	...
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,010	2,420	2,595	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	1,330	690	645	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	465	230	235	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	3,430	1,605	1,825	0	0	0
65 years and over	250	125	125	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.7	5.6	5.8	...	...	...
0 to 17 years (%)	6.6	6.7	6.6	...	...	...
0 to 5 years (%)	7.4	7.1	7.8	...	...	...
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	6.2	6.9	...	...	...
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.8	1.5	...	...	...
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	87,605	43,135	44,470	260	135	125
Official languages	86,995	42,865	44,130	255	135	125
English	86,985	42,865	44,120	260	135	125
French	3,540	1,460	2,075	0	0	0
Non-official languages	12,875	6,175	6,700	35	20	15
Aboriginal languages	10	0	10	35	20	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	35	15	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	12,865	6,170	6,695	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	65	100	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	60	100	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	80	35	45	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	0	20	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	50	20	35	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	375	205	175	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	60	75	0	0	0
Vietnamese	235	135	100	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	115	30	85	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	30	80	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	11,555	5,525	6,030	0	0	0
Albanian	60	20	35	0	0	0
Armenian	20	0	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	855	425	430	0	0	0
Baltic languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	25	20	10	0	0	0
Slavic languages	830	405	425	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	245	125	120	0	0	0
Czech	70	40	35	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	330	160	170	0	0	0
Russian	40	15	30	0	0	0
Serbian	45	15	30	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	40	20	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	80	30	50	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	10	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	8,850	4,195	4,650	0	0	0
Afrikaans	10	0	15	0	0	0
Danish	25	10	15	0	0	0
Dutch	1,120	525	590	0	0	0
Frisian	20	10	0	0	0	0
German	7,235	3,415	3,825	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	130	80	50	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	960	505	460	0	0	0
Greek	65	40	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	350	140	205	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	320	135	185	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	95	40	55	0	0	0
Hindi	115	50	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	10	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	50	75	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	75	35	35	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	10	25	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,940	1,095	845	0	0	10
Catalan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Italian	330	190	140	0	0	0
Portuguese	405	225	180	0	0	0
Romanian	55	30	35	0	0	0
Spanish	1,195	665	535	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Japanese	45	30	15	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	50	35	15	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	20	10	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	135	50	85	0	0	0
American Sign Language	60	25	40	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80	35	45	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	80	50	0	0	0
Chinese languages	110	60	50	0	0	0
Cantonese	60	30	25	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	35	40	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	15	0	0	0	0
Burmese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	10	0	0	0
Lao	15	10	10	0	0	0
Thai	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	25	20	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	265	120	145	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	87,605	43,135	44,470	0	0	0
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	85,610	42,190	43,415	0	0	0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,915	10,165	9,745	0	0	0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	65,695	32,020	33,670	0	0	0
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	1,995	945	1,050	0	0	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	87,605	43,135	44,470	0	0	0
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	76,830	37,935	38,895	0	0	0
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	10,465	5,060	5,405	0	0	0
Before 1981	5,205	2,480	2,730	0	0	0
1981 to 1990	1,700	810	895	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	1,530	765	770	0	0	0
2001 to 2010	1,330	655	680	0	0	0
2001 to 2005	595	310	290	0	0	0
2006 to 2010	735	350	385	0	0	0
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	685	350	335	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	310	140	175	0	0	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	10,460	5,055	5,400	0	0	0
Under 5 years	1,855	945	915	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	2,920	1,510	1,410	0	0	0
15 to 24 years	2,580	1,110	1,470	0	0	0
25 to 44 years	2,620	1,260	1,360	0	0	0
45 years and over	485	235	255	0	0	0
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	10,460	5,055	5,405	0	0	0
Americas	4,825	2,285	2,535	0	0	0
Brazil	20	10	15	0	0	0
Colombia	75	30	45	0	0	0
El Salvador	20	10	15	0	0	0
Guyana	20	10	15	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0
Jamaica	100	50	45	0	0	0
Mexico	3,525	1,695	1,825	0	0	0
Peru	0	10	0	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	35	15	20	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	680	275	405	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	335	195	145	0	0	0
Europe	4,640	2,315	2,325	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	70	40	30	0	0	0
Croatia	125	65	55	0	0	0
France	20	15	10	0	0	0
Germany	335	155	180	0	0	0
Greece	30	15	15	0	0	0
Hungary	95	55	50	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	35	15	20	0	0	0
Italy	210	120	85	0	0	0
Netherlands	1,010	540	470	0	0	0
Poland	205	75	125	0	0	0
Portugal	265	145	120	0	0	0
Romania	115	40	80	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ukraine	40	10	25	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,545	740	805	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	500	260	235	0	0	0
Africa	140	70	65	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	20	10	15	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0	0	0
Kenya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	0	15	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	45	20	25	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	35	0	0	0	0
Asia	825	375	450	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	70	20	50	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	20	15	10	0	0	0
India	150	65	85	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	20	10	15	0	0	0
Iraq	30	20	10	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lebanon	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	25	15	0	0	0
Philippines	105	35	70	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	140	85	50	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	180	80	95	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	35	15	25	0	0	0
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	685	350	340	0	0	0
Americas	490	255	235	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Colombia	20	10	20	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mexico	355	190	160	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	70	35	35	0	0	0
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	20	10	0	0	0
Europe	55	35	15	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	20	10	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	10	0	0	0
Africa	15	10	10	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	0	0	0
Asia	115	45	70	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 59}	25	0	15	0	0	0
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	0	0	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iraq	15	10	0	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	10	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Philippines	20	0	15	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Australia	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	87,605	43,135	44,470	255	135	125
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	11,290	5,475	5,815	15	10	10
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	17,820	8,710	9,115	20	10	10
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	58,495	28,950	29,540	225	125	110
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	5,450	2,675	2,775	0	0	0
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,465	755	710	0	0	0
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	415	285	130	0	0	0
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,050	465	585	0	0	0
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	2,820	1,320	1,500	0	0	0
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	1,020	525	495	0	0	0
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	145	70	70	0	0	0
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	87,605	43,135	44,470	260	135	120
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,975	905	1,070	225	120	105
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,945	900	1,045	225	120	110
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	1,355	635	715	220	120	105
Métis	565	245	320	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	25	20	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	30	10	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	85,630	42,230	43,400	30	15	15
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	87,605	43,135	44,470	260	135	125
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	735	320	415	220	115	105
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	86,865	42,815	44,050	40	15	20
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	87,605	43,135	44,470	260	135	120
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	300	150	150	225	120	110
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	300	150	145	220	115	105
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	255	130	125	220	120	105
Métis single ancestry	40	20	25	0	10	0
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	2,820	1,270	1,550	0	0	0
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	2,785	1,245	1,535	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,185	990	1,200	0	0	0
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	580	255	330	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	40	25	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	20	15	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	10	0	0	0	0
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	84,485	41,715	42,770	30	20	20
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	87,605	43,135	44,470	260	135	125
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,590	1,245	1,345	0	0	0
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	360	160	200	0	0	0
Chinese	200	90	105	0	0	0
Black	615	325	285	0	0	0
Filipino	180	65	115	0	0	0
Latin American	325	165	155	0	0	0
Arab	90	35	50	0	0	0
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	490	250	235	0	0	0
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	30	15	20	0	0	0
Korean	40	20	15	0	0	0
Japanese	50	25	30	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	80	40	45	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	135	50	85	0	0	0
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	85,020	41,890	43,125	260	140	120
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	87,605	43,135	44,470	260	135	125
North American Aboriginal origins	3,120	1,420	1,700	225	120	105
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,485	1,145	1,335	225	115	110
Inuit	25	10	15	0	0	0
Métis	655	290	370	10	0	0
Other North American origins	30,505	15,105	15,400	0	0	0
Acadian	80	40	45	0	0	0
American	1,150	525	625	10	0	0
Canadian	29,790	14,770	15,015	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	90	45	50	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Québécois	40	15	30	0	0	0
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	10	0	10	0	0	0
European origins	69,630	34,135	35,500	30	15	15
British Isles origins	45,670	22,105	23,570	20	10	10
Channel Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cornish	10	0	0	0	0	0
English	30,140	14,620	15,520	15	0	10
Irish	15,865	7,420	8,445	10	0	0
Manx	20	10	10	0	0	0
Scottish	19,975	9,675	10,300	10	0	10
Welsh	1,655	730	925	0	0	0
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	2,255	1,065	1,190	10	0	10
French origins	8,145	3,795	4,355	0	0	0
Alsatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corsican	0	0	0	0	0	0
French	8,145	3,795	4,355	10	0	10
Western European origins (except French origins)	27,655	13,665	13,990	15	0	0
Austrian	330	135	195	0	0	0
Bavarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belgian	1,605	860	745	0	0	0
Dutch	9,925	4,965	4,960	0	0	0
Flemish	85	30	55	0	0	0
Frisian	50	15	35	0	0	0
German	17,685	8,620	9,065	10	0	0
Luxembourger	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss	655	330	325	0	0	0
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,510	660	850	10	0	0
Danish	385	150	230	0	0	0
Finnish	175	65	110	0	0	0
Icelandic	60	20	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	440	215	225	0	0	0
Swedish	390	175	210	0	0	0
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	120	55	65	10	0	0
Eastern European origins	8,850	4,315	4,535	0	0	0
Bulgarian	60	35	25	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	250	145	110	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	230	100	130	0	0	0
Estonian	30	15	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,790	880	910	0	0	0
Latvian	25	25	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	320	175	150	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	2,235	1,075	1,160	0	0	0
Romanian	590	300	290	0	0	0
Russian	2,305	1,100	1,210	0	0	0
Slovak	210	105	105	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,685	845	835	0	0	0
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	10	0	10	0	0	0
Southern European origins	5,475	2,745	2,730	0	0	0
Albanian	65	25	45	0	0	0
Bosnian	35	30	0	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	545	290	250	0	0	0
Cypriot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	395	180	215	0	0	0
Italian	2,175	1,095	1,085	0	0	0
Kosovar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	25	10	15	0	0	0
Maltese	440	205	230	0	0	0
Montenegrin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	1,035	575	465	0	0	0
Serbian	90	30	55	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	0	15	0	0	0
Slovenian	60	45	15	0	0	0
Spanish	530	220	310	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	335	155	175	0	0	0
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins	295	140	155	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jewish	95	45	50	0	0	0
Roma (Gypsy)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	190	100	90	0	0	0
Caribbean origins	450	230	215	0	0	0
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Barbadian	35	20	20	0	0	0
Bermudan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Carib	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican	245	120	125	0	0	0
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	90	55	30	0	0	0
Vincentian/Grenadinian	10	10	0	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	70	15	50	0	0	0
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	15	10	0	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins	3,000	1,465	1,540	10	0	0
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	20	15	10	0	0	0
Belizean	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bolivian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Brazilian	35	20	20	0	0	0
Chilean	15	10	0	0	0	0
Colombian	130	40	90	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guatemalan	20	15	0	0	0	0
Guyanese	35	15	15	0	0	0
Hispanic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Honduran	40	25	10	0	0	0
Maya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mexican	2,605	1,285	1,320	10	0	0
Nicaraguan	30	15	15	0	0	0
Panamanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Paraguayan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Salvadorean	30	10	20	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Venezuelan	45	10	45	0	0	0
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	15	10	10	0	0	0
African origins	485	240	245	0	0	0
Central and West African origins	60	40	20	0	0	0
Akan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Angolan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ashanti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ibo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Liberian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	50	30	20	0	0	0
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Togolese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins	75	35	40	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Egyptian	65	30	35	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sudanese	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	135	65	70	0	0	0
Afrikaner	10	0	0	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Seychellois	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	20	10	10	0	0	0
South African	80	35	50	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zambian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	20	10	10	0	0	0
Zulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other African origins	215	100	110	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	30	10	20	0	0	0
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	185	90	100	0	0	0
Asian origins	1,795	830	965	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	370	175	195	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	15	10	10	0	0	0
Armenian	70	25	45	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Hazara	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian	40	15	25	0	0	0
Iraqi	35	25	15	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurd	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kuwaiti	15	10	0	0	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lebanese	160	85	75	0	0	0
Palestinian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syrian	0	10	10	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tatar	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turk	35	20	15	0	0	0
Turkmen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins	395	185	210	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bhutanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
East Indian	325	160	170	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pakistani	25	10	10	0	0	0
Punjabi	40	10	20	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	20	10	15	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,040	480	565	0	0	0
Burmese	20	20	0	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	175	70	105	0	0	0
Chinese	265	120	150	0	0	0
Filipino	200	65	135	0	0	0
Hmong	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	10	15	0	0	0
Japanese	50	25	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	40	20	20	0	0	0
Laotian	40	20	20	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	280	155	125	0	0	0
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Other Asian origins	10	10	10	0	0	0
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	10	10	0	0	0	0
Oceania origins	80	30	50	0	0	0
Australian	70	30	40	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins	10	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hawaiian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maori	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	0	0	0	0	0	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	34,995	...	...	65	...	...
Owner	26,400	...	...	45	...	...
Renter	8,595	...	...	10	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	34,995	...	...	65	...	...
Condominium	760	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	34,235	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	34,995	...	...	65	...	...
No bedrooms	60	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	2,800	...	...	0	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,660	...	...	15	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,155	...	...	25	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,325	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	34,995	...	...	70	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,805	...	...	15	...	...
5 rooms	4,420	...	...	15	...	...
6 rooms	5,820	...	...	10	...	...
7 rooms	5,800	...	...	10	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,150	...	...	20	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	34,995	...	...	65	...	...
One person or fewer per room	34,685	...	...	60	...	...
More than 1 person per room	310	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	34,995	...	...	65	...	...
Suitable	33,945	...	...	55	...	...
Not suitable	1,050	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	34,995	...	...	65	...	...
1960 or before	13,290	...	...	10	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,665	...	...	15	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,395	...	...	15	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,685	...	...	20	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,165	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,240	...	...	10	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	1,555	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	34,995	...	...	70	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	32,545	...	...	45	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,450	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	34,995	...	...	70	...	...
1 household maintainer	20,155	...	...	45	...	...
2 household maintainers	14,360	...	...	15	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	475	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	34,995	...	...	65	...	...
15 to 24 years	805	...	...	10	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,185	...	...	0	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,670	...	...	10	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,050	...	...	10	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,345	...	...	10	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,850	...	...	15	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,995	...	...	10	...	...
85 years and over	1,085	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	33,825	...	...	0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,740	...	...	0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,085	...	...	0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,400	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,345	...	...	0	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.8	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	14.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,066	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,137	...	...	0	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	224,783	...	...	0	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	258,635	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,505	...	...	0	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	16.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	41.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	774	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	815	...	...	0	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	70,935	34,555	36,380	205	110	100
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,830	9,285	8,540	95	50	45
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	20,820	10,400	10,420	65	30	30
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,285	14,865	17,420	50	30	20
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,570	4,060	1,505	10	15	0
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	2,625	1,595	1,025	10	0	0
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	2,950	2,465	485	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	18,455	7,495	10,955	15	10	10
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	955	395	550	15	0	10
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	7,310	2,910	4,400	10	0	10
Bachelor's degree	5,500	2,125	3,370	0	0	10
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	565	220	345	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	150	100	50	0	0	0
Master's degree	1,015	420	600	0	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	80	45	35	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	45,255	21,990	23,265	135	70	65
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,680	4,245	3,430	55	25	30
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	13,130	6,840	6,285	40	25	20
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,450	10,900	13,550	40	20	15
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,680	2,720	960	10	10	0
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,720	1,055	660	0	0	0
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,960	1,665	300	10	0	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	14,535	5,850	8,690	15	10	10
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	655	300	360	10	0	0
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,580	2,040	3,540	0	0	10
Bachelor's degree	4,230	1,525	2,705	0	0	0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	430	150	280	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	45	50	0	0	0
Master's degree	770	285	480	0	0	0
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	55	30	20	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	70,935	34,550	36,380	205	110	100
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	38,650	19,685	18,960	160	80	75
Education	1,950	525	1,430	0	0	0
13. Education	1,945	520	1,430	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	860	300	560	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190	140	55	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	665	160	505	0	0	0
Humanities	1,195	450	745	10	0	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25	0	30	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	260	65	195	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	280	80	205	10	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	20	10	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	45	40	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	125	60	0	0	0
54. History	260	120	135	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	75	10	65	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,110	750	2,365	10	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	55	100	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,075	70	1,005	10	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	450	80	370	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	45	10	30	0	0	0
42. Psychology	465	155	315	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	895	375	520	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	5,330	1,660	3,675	0	0	0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	530	95	435	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,795	1,555	3,235	0	0	0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	575	250	325	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	255	105	150	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	45	80	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	10	0	10	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	105	85	25	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	15	65	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	765	485	280	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	615	410	200	0	0	0
25. Library science	40	0	40	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	60	40	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	15	15	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	7,535	7,100	430	10	10	0
04. Architecture and related services	165	110	55	0	0	0
14. Engineering	440	370	70	0	10	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,840	1,670	165	0	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,405	1,365	40	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,200	2,170	40	0	0	0
48. Precision production	1,490	1,425	65	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,300	970	325	10	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	1,045	790	250	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	180	75	0	10	0
Health and related fields	6,885	1,015	5,870	10	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	425	190	230	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	6,430	805	5,635	10	0	10
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	30	20	10	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,770	1,365	1,410	0	10	0
12. Personal and culinary services	1,345	260	1,085	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	885	590	295	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	500	25	0	10	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	45,255	21,990	23,265	135	75	65
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	20,805	11,090	9,715	100	50	50
Education	1,270	345	930	0	0	0
13. Education	1,265	340	925	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	650	195	455	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	80	45	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	525	115	410	0	0	0
Humanities	810	305	505	10	10	10
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	10	0	15	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	175	50	125	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	190	55	135	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	15	10	10	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	20	35	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	75	40	0	0	0
54. History	195	95	100	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/letters	50	0	40	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,510	510	2,005	0	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	25	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	35	95	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	905	40	865	10	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	405	55	350	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	25	0	20	0	0	0
42. Psychology	340	105	235	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	680	270	410	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	4,070	1,150	2,920	0	0	0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	445	80	370	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,615	1,065	2,550	0	0	10
Physical and life sciences and technologies	465	185	285	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	215	90	120	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	25	75	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	0	0	0	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	80	55	25	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	15	55	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	615	390	220	0	0	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	525	355	175	0	0	10
25. Library science	15	0	15	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	35	30	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	10	0	0	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	5,755	5,410	345	10	10	0
04. Architecture and related services	125	90	40	0	0	0
14. Engineering	315	260	55	10	0	0
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	1,505	1,355	150	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,040	1,020	30	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,605	1,580	30	0	0	0
48. Precision production	1,160	1,110	45	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	935	675	260	10	10	0
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	750	535	220	0	10	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	185	140	45	10	0	0
Health and related fields	5,240	705	4,530	10	0	10
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	345	155	190	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs	4,885	545	4,340	10	0	0
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	10	10	0	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,120	1,040	1,075	0	0	10
12. Personal and culinary services	1,000	195	810	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	700	455	245	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	405	385	20	0	0	0
Other	10	0	10	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	10	0	10	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	70,935	34,555	36,380	205	110	100
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,650	19,690	18,960	160	80	75
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	32,285	14,865	17,420	50	25	25
Location of study inside Canada	30,535	13,990	16,545	50	25	25
Same as province or territory of residence	29,335	13,465	15,865	45	25	20
Different than province or territory of residence	1,205	520	685	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,750	880	870	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	500	240	255	0	0	0
Philippines	60	10	50	0	0	0
India	60	25	35	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	380	240	135	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	10	10	10	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	750	355	395	0	0	0
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	45,255	21,990	23,260	140	70	65
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,805	11,090	9,715	100	50	50
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	24,450	10,900	13,550	40	20	15
Location of study inside Canada	23,395	10,430	12,965	35	20	20
Same as province or territory of residence	22,595	10,100	12,500	35	15	15
Different than province or territory of residence	795	330	465	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	1,055	475	585	0	0	0
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	340	155	190	0	0	0
Philippines	55	10	40	0	0	0
India	40	20	25	0	0	0
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	175	100	80	0	0	0
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15	10	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other	430	180	245	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	70,935	34,555	36,380	205	105	100
In the labour force	44,950	23,745	21,200	80	55	30
Employed	42,095	22,270	19,825	65	45	20
Unemployed	2,855	1,475	1,380	20	10	10
Not in the labour force	25,985	10,810	15,175	120	50	65
Participation rate	63.4	68.7	58.3	39.0	52.4	30.0
Employment rate	59.3	64.4	54.5	31.7	42.9	20.0
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.2	6.5	25.0	18.2	33.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	70,935	34,555	36,380	210	110	100
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	24,235	10,155	14,090	135	60	75
Worked	46,695	24,400	22,295	70	50	20
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	25,645	14,840	10,805	35	25	10
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	21,055	9,565	11,490	35	30	10
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.5	44.2	42.8	39.6	38.8	41.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	44,950	23,745	21,205	85	55	30
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	830	400	430	15	10	10
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	44,120	23,345	20,770	65	45	20
Employee	38,715	19,940	18,775	60	45	20
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	5,405	3,410	1,995	0	0	0
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	44,945	23,745	21,200	85	55	30
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	830	400	430	20	10	0
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	44,120	23,350	20,770	70	45	20
0 Management occupations	4,375	2,840	1,530	10	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,630	1,395	4,240	10	0	10
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,605	1,260	345	0	0	0
3 Health occupations	3,150	445	2,705	0	0	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,185	1,175	3,010	10	10	10
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	720	295	425	0	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	9,375	3,370	6,005	15	10	0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,890	8,270	615	15	15	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,805	1,175	630	0	10	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,380	3,120	1,265	10	15	0
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	44,950	23,745	21,205	85	50	30
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	830	400	435	15	10	10
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	44,115	23,350	20,770	70	45	20
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,775	1,765	1,010	10	10	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70	60	10	0	0	0
22 Utilities	290	205	85	0	0	0
23 Construction	3,635	3,270	365	10	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	7,555	5,575	1,985	15	15	0
41 Wholesale trade	1,340	940	400	0	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	4,535	1,935	2,600	0	0	0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,715	2,125	595	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	530	295	240	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,205	425	780	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	590	320	265	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,580	725	850	0	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	15	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,140	1,180	960	0	0	0
61 Educational services	2,470	660	1,810	10	0	10
62 Health care and social assistance	5,480	730	4,745	0	0	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	690	315	370	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,695	785	1,910	0	0	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,090	1,130	960	0	0	0
91 Public administration	1,705	895	810	10	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	42,095	22,270	19,825	60	45	20
Worked at home	3,490	1,890	1,605	0	0	10
Worked outside Canada	140	105	30	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	5,215	3,940	1,275	20	15	10
Worked at usual place	33,245	16,335	16,910	40	25	10
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	33,250	16,335	16,910	40	25	15
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,410	4,895	6,510	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,550	3,715	3,835	35	25	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,230	7,695	6,540	10	10	0
Commute to a different province or territory	55	30	25	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	38,465	20,275	18,190	65	40	15
Car, truck, van - as a driver	33,045	17,625	15,420	50	35	15
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	2,755	1,340	1,410	10	10	0
Public transit	235	60	175	0	0	10
Walked	1,760	810	950	0	0	0
Bicycle	315	240	70	0	0	0
Other method	355	195	160	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	38,465	20,275	18,185	60	45	20
Less than 15 minutes	14,195	6,515	7,680	20	20	0
15 to 29 minutes	11,365	5,940	5,430	25	15	10
30 to 44 minutes	8,015	4,560	3,460	10	10	0
45 to 59 minutes	2,945	1,750	1,190	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	1,940	1,515	425	0	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	38,460	20,275	18,190	60	45	20
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,340	2,330	1,010	10	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,070	5,890	3,175	15	10	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,695	4,740	4,950	20	10	10
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,190	2,185	4,005	15	10	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,935	1,005	1,930	10	0	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,240	4,130	3,115	10	10	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	48,165	25,110	23,055	75	50	25
Single responses	47,990	25,040	22,955	75	55	25
Official languages	47,575	24,805	22,765	75	50	25
English	47,445	24,780	22,665	75	50	25
French	125	25	100	0	0	0
Non-official languages	415	235	180	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	415	235	180	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	395	225	170	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	375	215	155	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	10	10	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	280	150	135	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80	55	25	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	15	0	10	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cantonese	10	0	0	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	180	70	105	0	0	0
English and French	70	15	50	0	0	0
English and non-official language	100	55	50	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	48,165	25,105	23,055	75	50	25
None	46,570	24,290	22,285	70	50	25
English	340	160	180	0	0	0
French	275	115	160	0	0	0
Non-official language	965	535	435	0	10	0
Aboriginal	10	0	10	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal	960	530	435	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	10	0	0	0	0
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	86,585	42,605	43,980	255	135	120
Non-movers	76,465	37,650	38,810	235	125	110
Movers	10,125	4,950	5,170	25	10	10
Non-migrants	4,835	2,275	2,560	15	10	10
Migrants	5,285	2,680	2,610	0	0	0
Internal migrants	4,950	2,485	2,460	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	4,595	2,295	2,290	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	355	185	170	0	0	0
External migrants	340	195	145	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	82,505	40,515	41,985	250	135	115
Non-movers	53,290	26,465	26,825	195	110	90
Movers	29,215	14,055	15,155	55	25	30
Non-migrants	14,350	6,775	7,580	35	15	15
Migrants	14,865	7,280	7,580	20	10	15
Internal migrants	14,030	6,905	7,125	20	10	15
Intraprovincial migrants	13,220	6,485	6,740	15	10	10
Interprovincial migrants	810	420	390	0	0	10
External migrants	835	380	455	0	0	0

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Elgin-St. Thomas Health Unit, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario and Nanaimo River 4, IRI [Designated place], British Columbia (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 10, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Elgin-St. Thomas Health Unit, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario and Nanaimo River 4, Indian reserve [Designated place], British Columbia

Census Profile, 2016 Census Elgin-St. Thomas Health Unit, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario and Nanaimo River 4, Indian reserve [Designated place], British Columbia

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How to cite

Census Profile, 2016 Census
Elgin-St. Thomas Health Unit, [Health region, December 2017], Ontario and Nanaimo River 4, Indian reserve [Designated place], British Columbia