Census Profile, 2016 Census
Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Quebec [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Edmonton Alberta [Population centre]			Quebec [Province]
	Data quality , Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta Map : Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta Change geography 1			Data quality : Quebec [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,062,643	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	935,361 ^r	...	...	7,903,001	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	13.6	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	436,072	...	...	3,858,943	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	408,474	...	...	3,531,663	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,855.5	...	...	6.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	572.69	...	...	1,356,625.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,062,630	529,160	533,475	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605
0 to 14 years	189,385	96,675	92,705	1,333,260	682,535	650,720
0 to 4 years	67,160	34,170	32,995	444,930	227,965	216,970
5 to 9 years	64,905	33,095	31,810	469,165	240,225	228,940
10 to 14 years	57,315	29,415	27,905	419,160	214,345	204,815
15 to 64 years	741,065	373,755	367,305	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280
15 to 19 years	59,595	30,630	28,970	429,825	219,070	210,755
20 to 24 years	76,985	38,935	38,050	500,100	252,600	247,500
25 to 29 years	92,100	46,790	45,315	495,410	248,030	247,380
30 to 34 years	92,485	46,810	45,675	515,505	256,440	259,070
35 to 39 years	81,310	41,230	40,085	550,540	274,595	275,945
40 to 44 years	72,120	36,460	35,665	506,525	254,100	252,425
45 to 49 years	68,330	34,420	33,910	519,425	260,410	259,015
50 to 54 years	71,630	35,765	35,865	619,435	309,070	310,370
55 to 59 years	69,135	34,460	34,680	636,475	314,190	322,285
60 to 64 years	57,360	28,260	29,100	562,670	276,140	286,535
65 years and over	132,180	58,725	73,460	1,495,195	669,590	825,605
65 to 69 years	44,235	21,370	22,865	488,175	236,395	251,775
70 to 74 years	29,650	13,740	15,915	373,590	176,905	196,690
75 to 79 years	22,400	10,015	12,385	256,905	116,020	140,890
80 to 84 years	17,375	7,250	10,125	187,835	78,390	109,450
85 years and over	18,525	6,340	12,180	188,685	61,885	126,805
85 to 89 years	11,585	4,420	7,165	120,635	43,795	76,840
90 to 94 years	5,340	1,575	3,765	53,165	15,155	38,015
95 to 99 years	1,380	310	1,065	13,035	2,685	10,350
100 years and over	220	35	180	1,850	255	1,600
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.8	18.3	17.4	16.3	17.0	15.7
15 to 64 years	69.7	70.6	68.9	65.4	66.3	64.4
65 years and over	12.4	11.1	13.8	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	1.7	1.2	2.3	2.3	1.5	3.1
Average age of the population	37.9	37.1	38.7	41.9	40.9	42.9
Median age of the population	36.2	35.5	36.9	42.5	41.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	408,470	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Single-detached house	216,070	...	...	1,602,680	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	26,235	...	...	187,800	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	163,425	...	...	1,717,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	25,325	...	...	188,245	...	...
Row house	39,095	...	...	93,350	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,265	...	...	265,195	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	88,640	...	...	1,154,955	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...	15,940	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	2,740	...	...	23,505	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	408,470	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 person	106,810	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
2 persons	134,205	...	...	1,227,765	...	...
3 persons	66,925	...	...	489,460	...	...
4 persons	60,770	...	...	426,250	...	...
5 or more persons	39,760	...	...	212,960	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,041,915	...	...	7,965,455	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	873,250	432,480	440,770	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885
Married or living common law	493,095	247,635	245,465	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395
Married	413,050	207,540	205,515	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260
Living common law	80,045	40,095	39,950	1,501,160	752,025	749,135
Not married and not living common law	380,150	184,845	195,305	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490
Never married	265,150	146,340	118,805	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280
Separated	20,705	8,830	11,875	103,625	46,390	57,240
Divorced	54,915	21,960	32,955	483,195	194,430	288,760
Widowed	39,380	7,710	31,665	389,555	84,345	305,210
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	285,250	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
2 persons	136,500	...	...	1,204,955	...	...
3 persons	63,455	...	...	466,310	...	...
4 persons	59,040	...	...	412,160	...	...
5 or more persons	26,260	...	...	174,140	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	285,250	...	...	2,257,560	...	...
Total couple families	238,610	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Married couples	198,600	...	...	1,128,355	...	...
Common-law couples	40,010	...	...	749,740	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	46,640	...	...	379,460	...	...
Female parent	36,680	...	...	284,900	...	...
Male parent	9,960	...	...	94,565	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	238,610	...	...	1,878,095	...	...
Couples without children	107,905	...	...	970,260	...	...
Couples with children	130,705	...	...	907,840	...	...
1 child	50,685	...	...	356,640	...	...
2 children	55,380	...	...	384,875	...	...
3 or more children	24,640	...	...	166,315	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	46,640	...	...	379,465	...	...
1 child	28,590	...	...	234,695	...	...
2 children	12,765	...	...	109,670	...	...
3 or more children	5,285	...	...	35,100	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	201,250	104,730	96,520	1,579,070	775,765	803,305
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	408,475	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
One-census-family households	264,795	...	...	2,197,340	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	99,885	...	...	947,305	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	164,915	...	...	1,250,040	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	9,950	...	...	29,595	...	...
Non-census-family households	133,730	...	...	1,304,725	...	...
One-person households	106,810	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	26,920	...	...	129,500	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285
English only	950,200	477,780	472,415	372,445	187,595	184,860
French only	1,570	680	890	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095
English and French	78,205	36,950	41,255	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275
Neither English nor French	20,060	8,045	12,015	75,065	31,000	44,060
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
English	1,002,275	501,090	501,185	964,120	482,985	481,135
French	21,640	11,245	10,400	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560
English and French	6,555	3,350	3,200	278,710	144,060	134,655
Neither English nor French	19,565	7,775	11,795	72,775	29,845	42,930
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	24,915	12,920	12,000	1,103,480	555,015	548,465
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.4	2.5	2.3	13.7	14.0	13.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	1,018,575	508,110	510,465	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975
Official languages	722,350	364,530	357,820	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845
English	701,590	353,735	347,860	601,155	301,860	299,300
French	20,760	10,795	9,965	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550
Non-official languages	296,220	143,580	152,640	1,060,830	517,700	543,125
Aboriginal languages	2,055	765	1,285	45,570	22,530	23,040
Algonquian languages	1,650	620	1,030	33,140	16,365	16,770
Blackfoot	35	10	25	5	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,530	580	950	31,430	15,575	15,855
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,715	4,155	4,555
Moose Cree	5	0	5	0	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	285	305
Northern East Cree	15	10	10	135	55	80
Plains Cree	310	105	210	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	15	15
Swampy Cree	20	10	10	5	5	0
Woods Cree	135	55	80	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	1,045	405	640	15,790	7,920	7,875
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	485	225	260
Malecite	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	485	220	260
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	80	25	55	1,215	565	645
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,185	555	630
Ojibway	75	25	50	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	5	0	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages	200	65	135	15	10	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	200	70	130	15	10	5
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	5	0	0	0
Carrier	5	0	5	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	5	0	0	0	0
Dene	130	45	85	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	20	5	15	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	35	15	25	10	5	0
North Slavey (Hare)	10	0	5	0	0	0
South Slavey	20	5	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	5	5	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	5	0	0	0
Inuit languages	50	15	35	11,970	5,955	6,015
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	10	15	11,895	5,925	5,970
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	75	25	45
Iroquoian languages	5	5	5	375	165	210
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	365	160	210
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	15	15	5	5	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	5	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	5	0	5	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Siouan languages	90	30	55	0	0	0
Dakota	45	15	30	0	0	0
Stoney	45	15	30	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	5	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	10	10	65	30	35
Non-Aboriginal languages	294,170	142,815	151,350	1,015,260	495,175	520,090
Afro-Asiatic languages	30,850	16,095	14,760	197,535	104,185	93,355
Berber languages	130	70	60	20,845	11,125	9,720
Kabyle	75	40	30	12,470	6,625	5,840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	8,375	4,500	3,875
Cushitic languages	7,900	3,965	3,935	1,125	545	580
Bilen	245	140	105	10	10	5
Oromo	1,125	580	540	15	10	5
Somali	6,510	3,235	3,275	1,075	515	560
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	30	20	10
Semitic languages	22,755	12,015	10,740	175,215	92,310	82,900
Amharic	2,495	1,210	1,290	745	340	405
Arabic	17,155	9,165	7,990	169,890	89,590	80,300
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75	40	35	150	80	70
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	40	20	15	15	10	5
Harari	170	90	85	0	5	5
Hebrew	395	215	180	3,885	2,040	1,845
Maltese	25	10	10	25	10	15
Tigrigna	2,320	1,220	1,100	385	185	205
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	35	110	60	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	355	200	155
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,460	4,365	5,095	36,305	17,030	19,275
Khmer (Cambodian)	750	355	395	8,855	4,105	4,750
Vietnamese	8,705	4,010	4,695	27,425	12,920	14,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	39,730	17,365	22,365	21,635	7,800	13,835
Bikol	100	50	55	115	35	80
Cebuano	1,835	775	1,060	885	270	610
Fijian	50	25	20	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	505	225	280	410	125	275
Ilocano	1,745	745	1,000	2,060	745	1,315
Malagasy	10	0	5	1,250	590	660
Malay	485	215	270	705	265	440
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	315	150	165	205	90	110
Pangasinan	110	45	65	95	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	34,220	14,970	19,255	15,545	5,480	10,065
Waray-Waray	70	35	35	50	10	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	275	125	150	320	140	180
Creole languages	985	515	470	56,990	25,220	31,770
Haitian Creole	55	25	30	2,220	1,055	1,170
Creole, n.o.s.	595	330	265	53,785	23,675	30,110
Creole languages, n.i.e.	340	155	180	980	490	490
Dravidian languages	6,550	3,410	3,140	14,865	7,435	7,430
Kannada	200	100	100	240	130	110
Malayalam	3,335	1,720	1,620	440	235	205
Tamil	2,075	1,095	975	13,600	6,715	6,880
Telugu	915	485	430	570	345	230
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	15	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	25	10	15
Indo-European languages	139,345	69,005	70,340	553,045	269,625	283,420
Albanian	760	410	345	2,795	1,420	1,370
Armenian	165	80	85	16,430	7,970	8,460
Balto-Slavic languages	31,195	14,505	16,695	68,155	30,960	37,195
Baltic languages	285	125	160	850	335	515
Latvian	130	60	70	290	120	175
Lithuanian	155	65	90	555	215	340
Slavic languages	30,915	14,380	16,535	67,310	30,630	36,675
Belarusan	35	15	15	80	45	35
Bosnian	695	350	345	1,620	805	815
Bulgarian	450	230	215	6,985	3,385	3,600
Croatian	1,890	990	905	2,330	1,165	1,170
Czech	770	380	390	1,465	690	775
Macedonian	175	90	85	205	105	95
Polish	8,495	3,965	4,530	13,935	6,065	7,865
Russian	5,255	2,440	2,810	28,565	12,715	15,850
Serbian	1,735	875	860	3,140	1,590	1,545
Serbo-Croatian	340	170	170	1,805	865	940
Slovak	505	245	255	1,040	455	585
Slovene (Slovenian)	250	115	135	755	350	405
Ukrainian	10,235	4,460	5,775	5,210	2,285	2,920
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	175	90	85
Celtic languages	100	60	40	155	95	60
Scottish Gaelic	45	25	20	20	15	10
Welsh	25	10	10	40	20	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	90	55	30
Germanic languages	15,495	7,255	8,240	27,540	13,280	14,260
Afrikaans	440	235	210	125	60	65
Danish	555	265	290	395	190	200
Dutch	3,010	1,450	1,560	2,825	1,395	1,430
Frisian	65	40	25	10	10	0
German	10,890	5,030	5,865	13,670	6,340	7,330
Icelandic	30	15	20	65	30	35
Norwegian	170	70	95	200	100	100
Swedish	215	95	115	555	255	300
Vlaams (Flemish)	55	20	30	540	240	300
Yiddish	55	30	25	8,985	4,560	4,420
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	175	100	75
Greek	1,000	540	460	38,635	19,435	19,205
Indo-Iranian languages	61,955	31,800	30,155	76,040	39,205	36,835
Indo-Aryan languages	55,480	28,405	27,070	45,845	23,875	21,970
Bengali	2,300	1,210	1,085	10,995	5,620	5,380
Gujarati	5,650	2,930	2,720	6,070	2,980	3,090
Hindi	8,190	4,115	4,075	3,030	1,635	1,390
Kashmiri	20	10	5	20	15	5
Konkani	150	80	70	110	60	55
Marathi	525	270	255	255	145	110
Nepali	1,950	1,020	930	1,505	740	765
Oriya (Odia)	70	35	35	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	26,615	13,660	12,955	12,380	6,720	5,660
Sindhi	920	425	490	330	160	165
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,235	635	590	645	310	330
Urdu	7,860	4,015	3,850	10,470	5,460	5,010
Iranian languages	6,205	3,250	2,955	29,760	15,105	14,655
Kurdish	745	410	330	985	550	430
Pashto	635	330	300	1,285	680	610
Persian (Farsi)	4,825	2,505	2,320	27,490	13,875	13,615
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	280	145	130	440	225	210
Italic (Romance) languages	28,665	14,350	14,315	323,290	157,260	166,030
Catalan	25	15	15	320	170	150
Italian	4,595	2,260	2,335	104,600	51,705	52,895
Portuguese	4,210	2,045	2,165	36,770	17,735	19,035
Romanian	2,415	1,205	1,210	35,840	17,170	18,665
Spanish	17,410	8,830	8,585	145,635	70,405	75,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	125	75	50
Japanese	995	325	670	2,525	775	1,750
Kartvelian languages	60	35	25	170	80	85
Georgian	60	35	25	170	80	90
Korean	6,095	2,900	3,195	5,160	2,270	2,890
Mongolic languages	80	35	45	190	75	115
Mongolian	75	35	45	195	80	115
Niger-Congo languages	7,080	3,580	3,500	28,355	14,360	13,995
Akan (Twi)	855	445	410	1,050	520	525
Bamanankan	20	10	5	1,200	655	545
Edo	135	65	65	75	45	30
Ewe	120	70	45	730	400	325
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	135	70	60	2,055	1,080	970
Ga	65	35	30	80	40	40
Ganda	200	100	100	35	15	20
Igbo	305	165	145	120	70	50
Lingala	155	80	80	2,465	1,185	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	390	190	195	3,345	1,600	1,745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	605	300	305	2,500	1,115	1,380
Shona	520	255	270	85	45	40
Swahili	1,220	590	625	3,010	1,460	1,545
Wolof	135	85	45	3,230	1,745	1,485
Yoruba	675	380	300	255	155	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,555	735	820	8,135	4,235	3,895
Nilo-Saharan languages	740	375	360	345	180	165
Dinka	335	175	165	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	410	210	200	335	170	165
Sign languages	315	160	155	1,330	700	630
American Sign Language	150	70	85	65	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	670	330	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	160	90	75	595	340	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,070	22,265	24,810	76,840	35,775	41,065
Chinese languages	46,385	21,900	24,490	76,490	35,600	40,895
Cantonese	22,360	10,460	11,900	24,375	11,505	12,875
Hakka	610	285	320	470	215	260
Mandarin	19,570	9,305	10,265	43,700	20,175	23,525
Min Dong	70	30	40	20	10	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,230	560	665	3,225	1,480	1,745
Wu (Shanghainese)	230	120	120	1,075	465	605
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,290	1,130	1,160	3,535	1,710	1,825
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	90	40	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	690	365	320	345	175	170
Burmese	135	70	60	80	30	50
Karenic languages	430	230	195	70	40	30
Tibetan	20	15	10	110	65	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	95	50	55	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	945	365	580	4,895	2,185	2,710
Lao	370	185	190	4,115	1,995	2,120
Thai	560	180	385	765	180	585
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	10	5	10
Turkic languages	2,015	1,125	890	7,980	4,095	3,880
Azerbaijani	115	70	45	290	160	130
Turkish	1,690	935	755	7,155	3,685	3,470
Uyghur	55	35	20	205	100	105
Uzbek	110	60	45	145	70	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	185	80	105
Uralic languages	1,615	765	850	6,400	2,985	3,410
Estonian	35	15	20	195	75	120
Finnish	185	75	110	360	125	240
Hungarian	1,390	675	715	5,835	2,790	3,045
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	220	125	90	685	385	300
Multiple responses	31,455	15,340	16,120	184,905	92,600	92,310
English and French	3,140	1,545	1,600	72,395	36,695	35,695
English and non-official language	26,595	12,940	13,655	27,485	13,545	13,945
French and non-official language	1,135	565	575	67,075	33,110	33,970
English, French and non-official language	580	295	285	17,950	9,245	8,705
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285
Single responses	982,250	490,335	491,925	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425
Official languages	814,680	408,025	406,655	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685
English	805,715	403,460	402,255	782,185	391,125	391,060
French	8,965	4,570	4,395	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625
Non-official languages	167,575	82,305	85,265	585,890	283,150	302,735
Aboriginal languages	420	190	230	40,190	20,205	19,980
Algonquian languages	350	165	190	28,695	14,385	14,310
Blackfoot	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	330	150	175	28,110	14,105	14,005
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	7,375	3,590	3,790
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	590	295	290
Northern East Cree	15	10	5	60	30	30
Plains Cree	50	25	30	5	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	15	5	10
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Woods Cree	20	5	15	0	5	0
Cree, n.o.s.	250	120	135	14,590	7,355	7,235
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	220	115	110
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	5	220	110	105
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	370	170	200
Algonquin	0	0	0	360	165	195
Ojibway	10	5	5	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	0	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	5	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	5	10	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	5	0	5	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	5	11,375	5,770	5,615
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	11,350	5,750	5,600
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	20	15	10
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	70	35	35
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	70	35	30
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages	30	10	15	0	0	0
Dakota	10	5	5	0	0	0
Stoney	15	5	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5	35	10	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	167,155	82,115	85,040	545,695	262,940	282,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	20,215	10,255	9,960	91,660	46,550	45,110
Berber languages	95	45	50	7,495	3,895	3,605
Kabyle	50	25	25	5,105	2,660	2,450
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	2,390	1,235	1,150
Cushitic languages	5,845	2,930	2,920	535	240	295
Bilen	210	120	90	5	0	5
Oromo	885	450	435	5	0	0
Somali	4,740	2,350	2,385	520	230	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	5	5	5
Semitic languages	14,250	7,265	6,985	83,520	42,365	41,160
Amharic	1,695	805	890	340	150	185
Arabic	10,485	5,390	5,090	81,105	41,150	39,955
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	20	25	95	50	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	5	10	0	5
Harari	110	55	60	5	0	5
Hebrew	190	100	90	1,705	880	825
Maltese	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	1,655	855	795	205	95	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	20	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	105	50	55
Austro-Asiatic languages	6,175	2,850	3,325	24,980	11,675	13,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	385	185	205	5,180	2,370	2,805
Vietnamese	5,785	2,670	3,115	19,790	9,295	10,495
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	21,440	10,075	11,370	9,715	3,960	5,750
Bikol	15	5	5	15	5	10
Cebuano	785	380	405	230	100	125
Fijian	25	15	15	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	185	85	105	130	55	75
Ilocano	580	275	305	740	305	435
Malagasy	5	5	5	360	185	170
Malay	130	60	65	175	85	95
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	125	60	65	60	30	30
Pangasinan	25	10	15	10	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	19,470	9,135	10,335	7,905	3,150	4,760
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	15	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	40	40	75	35	35
Creole languages	560	285	280	20,705	8,780	11,925
Haitian Creole	40	20	20	855	380	475
Creole, n.o.s.	370	195	175	19,405	8,200	11,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	145	70	80	440	200	240
Dravidian languages	4,285	2,210	2,075	11,400	5,595	5,805
Kannada	75	35	40	150	85	65
Malayalam	2,265	1,165	1,105	200	100	100
Tamil	1,385	730	650	10,720	5,215	5,500
Telugu	555	280	280	330	190	135
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	15	5	5
Indo-European languages	71,665	35,925	35,745	303,215	146,100	157,115
Albanian	365	195	170	1,615	795	820
Armenian	75	40	35	11,990	5,680	6,310
Balto-Slavic languages	12,045	5,850	6,195	40,405	19,085	21,325
Baltic languages	115	50	60	190	80	105
Latvian	45	20	25	75	40	40
Lithuanian	65	35	35	115	40	70
Slavic languages	11,940	5,795	6,140	40,220	19,000	21,220
Belarusan	10	5	5	25	15	15
Bosnian	300	150	145	965	475	495
Bulgarian	280	140	140	5,125	2,495	2,630
Croatian	880	450	430	1,015	475	545
Czech	240	125	115	460	220	240
Macedonian	85	45	40	130	65	65
Polish	3,535	1,655	1,875	5,970	2,695	3,270
Russian	3,045	1,500	1,545	20,680	9,775	10,900
Serbian	965	485	485	2,010	1,020	990
Serbo-Croatian	110	50	55	960	470	490
Slovak	130	60	65	245	120	130
Slovene (Slovenian)	60	30	25	225	95	135
Ukrainian	2,275	1,085	1,195	2,365	1,060	1,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	40	15	25
Celtic languages	10	5	5	30	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	15	15	5
Germanic languages	2,010	960	1,045	9,890	4,980	4,905
Afrikaans	210	110	105	15	10	10
Danish	35	15	20	50	25	25
Dutch	170	85	90	375	170	205
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0
German	1,495	705	790	2,550	1,190	1,365
Icelandic	15	10	5	30	15	20
Norwegian	10	5	5	20	5	10
Swedish	55	25	30	105	50	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	5	70	35	40
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,665	3,485	3,180
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Greek	340	175	170	18,545	8,865	9,680
Indo-Iranian languages	41,860	21,245	20,615	53,555	26,845	26,710
Indo-Aryan languages	37,795	19,195	18,605	31,575	15,985	15,585
Bengali	1,435	740	695	8,180	4,055	4,125
Gujarati	3,605	1,830	1,775	3,840	1,860	1,985
Hindi	4,955	2,520	2,435	1,535	790	745
Kashmiri	5	5	0	5	0	0
Konkani	40	20	15	30	15	15
Marathi	325	165	155	80	40	40
Nepali	1,365	715	650	1,355	655	700
Oriya (Odia)	35	15	15	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	19,905	10,125	9,775	8,840	4,690	4,155
Sindhi	450	225	230	135	65	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	745	390	360	365	185	180
Urdu	4,930	2,445	2,490	7,180	3,620	3,565
Iranian languages	3,950	2,000	1,945	21,745	10,740	11,010
Kurdish	370	195	175	510	280	235
Pashto	410	220	195	925	460	465
Persian (Farsi)	3,160	1,585	1,580	20,310	10,005	10,305
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	115	55	65	235	120	120
Italic (Romance) languages	14,960	7,460	7,500	167,190	79,835	87,355
Catalan	10	5	10	110	50	60
Italian	1,370	620	745	32,935	14,595	18,340
Portuguese	1,820	865	955	17,260	8,250	9,005
Romanian	1,310	650	655	24,520	12,000	12,525
Spanish	10,445	5,315	5,130	92,330	44,920	47,415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	35	20	15
Japanese	450	180	270	1,050	425	620
Kartvelian languages	50	25	25	70	35	35
Georgian	50	30	25	70	40	35
Korean	4,435	2,180	2,260	3,540	1,630	1,910
Mongolic languages	45	20	25	145	70	75
Mongolian	50	25	30	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages	2,875	1,385	1,490	7,250	3,450	3,800
Akan (Twi)	425	205	225	445	215	235
Bamanankan	0	0	0	265	135	125
Edo	35	20	15	10	5	5
Ewe	40	25	20	140	60	80
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	30	25	530	255	280
Ga	15	10	5	15	5	10
Ganda	75	35	45	5	5	5
Igbo	85	35	45	15	10	10
Lingala	35	20	20	625	270	355
Rundi (Kirundi)	190	90	100	1,110	510	600
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	285	145	140	530	225	305
Shona	200	90	110	20	10	10
Swahili	585	275	310	1,100	535	565
Wolof	90	45	40	1,035	555	480
Yoruba	270	140	130	55	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	485	220	265	1,350	635	710
Nilo-Saharan languages	370	190	180	135	70	65
Dinka	205	110	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	165	75	90	130	65	65
Sign languages	405	235	170	1,770	1,000	775
American Sign Language	170	85	80	90	35	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	700	360	340
Sign languages, n.i.e	235	145	90	985	600	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	31,925	15,150	16,780	60,370	28,925	31,450
Chinese languages	31,395	14,875	16,525	60,155	28,805	31,345
Cantonese	14,585	6,745	7,835	17,845	8,470	9,375
Hakka	210	90	120	155	75	80
Mandarin	14,495	7,035	7,460	37,075	17,870	19,200
Min Dong	15	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	545	235	310	1,830	830	1,000
Wu (Shanghainese)	120	65	60	780	355	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,415	695	720	2,435	1,190	1,240
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	40	20	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	530	275	250	215	115	100
Burmese	90	50	40	35	15	20
Karenic languages	355	190	165	65	40	30
Tibetan	20	15	10	70	45	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	440	210	230	2,375	1,145	1,230
Lao	185	90	95	2,150	1,055	1,100
Thai	255	120	140	225	90	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,275	685	590	5,120	2,540	2,575
Azerbaijani	55	30	20	100	50	55
Turkish	1,105	590	520	4,715	2,340	2,370
Uyghur	30	20	15	140	75	70
Uzbek	70	35	35	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	65	30	35
Uralic languages	460	220	245	2,025	895	1,130
Estonian	0	5	5	30	10	20
Finnish	25	10	15	50	20	30
Hungarian	430	210	225	1,945	860	1,085
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	150	90	60
Multiple responses	67,775	33,120	34,660	322,820	157,960	164,860
English and French	2,300	1,155	1,145	86,715	43,820	42,890
English and non-official language	63,660	31,070	32,580	54,400	26,255	28,140
French and non-official language	560	270	290	139,385	66,610	72,775
English, French and non-official language	1,265	625	640	42,320	21,270	21,045
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,050,030	523,450	526,580	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285
None	870,080	435,560	434,525	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900
English	75,345	37,690	37,655	513,410	263,670	249,735
French	11,470	5,390	6,075	320,370	158,340	162,030
Non-official language	89,650	43,040	46,615	317,790	154,450	163,340
Aboriginal	1,840	720	1,120	5,700	2,645	3,060
Non-Aboriginal	87,815	42,320	45,500	312,085	151,810	160,280
English and French	670	345	325	36,235	18,285	17,955
English and non-official language	1,815	940	875	28,630	14,075	14,555
French and non-official language	955	465	485	23,470	11,365	12,095
English, French and non-official language	40	25	15	1,420	740	680
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	852,860	423,585	429,270	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	811,615	403,260	408,355	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,024	53,561	34,452	32,975	37,842	28,522
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	811,770	403,290	408,480	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,254	46,086	31,480	29,535	33,110	26,119
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	752,745	383,200	369,545	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,683	53,222	33,438	30,067	35,597	25,012
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	487,620	198,705	288,915	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	3,730	2,932	4,028	7,307	5,851	8,246
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	657,605	343,235	314,370	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,881	53,827	35,291	31,263	35,627	27,219
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	852,995	423,740	429,250	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	811,950	403,325	408,625	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,230	73,693	44,955	42,546	49,087	36,203
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	812,130	403,360	408,770	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,426	58,795	38,195	34,887	39,292	30,616
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	752,945	383,070	369,870	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,300	74,007	44,069	40,505	47,810	33,079
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	486,940	198,235	288,705	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,069	6,925	7,168	8,590	7,846	9,229
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	657,655	342,600	315,055	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	56,430	68,547	43,255	40,382	45,974	34,313
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	852,990	423,745	429,250	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	306,500	173,705	132,800	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	63,938	72,450	55,329	47,111	51,622	42,433
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	76,896	87,968	62,413	56,564	62,750	49,085
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	92.8	95.4	88.8	84.4	88.3	79.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	77.2	79.3	73.7	68.4	71.4	64.6
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	7.2	4.6	11.2	15.6	11.7	20.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	852,855	423,590	429,270	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140
Without total income	41,245	20,325	20,920	216,685	99,555	117,125
With total income	811,615	403,265	408,355	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.2	95.1	96.7	96.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	100,185	39,225	60,965	789,595	351,935	437,660
$10,000 to $19,999	103,365	40,100	63,270	1,188,135	476,630	711,500
$20,000 to $29,999	96,250	37,655	58,600	976,210	428,390	547,830
$30,000 to $39,999	81,605	35,220	46,385	852,735	414,105	438,625
$40,000 to $49,999	78,880	36,550	42,335	747,995	378,215	369,780
$50,000 to $59,999	70,395	34,955	35,440	540,265	292,110	248,150
$60,000 to $69,999	58,550	32,055	26,485	375,935	214,805	161,130
$70,000 to $79,999	46,640	27,735	18,905	286,025	164,240	121,790
$80,000 to $89,999	36,700	22,520	14,180	189,350	113,715	75,635
$90,000 to $99,999	31,325	19,160	12,160	122,750	80,090	42,660
$100,000 and over	107,710	78,085	29,630	348,620	246,360	102,255
$100,000 to $149,999	71,420	49,705	21,710	236,515	164,145	72,370
$150,000 and over	36,295	28,380	7,915	112,105	82,215	29,885
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	852,855	423,590	429,270	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140
Without after-tax income	41,090	20,300	20,790	215,120	99,375	115,750
With after-tax income	811,770	403,290	408,480	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395
Percentage with after-tax income	95.2	95.2	95.2	96.8	97.0	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	102,355	39,795	62,560	822,725	359,045	463,675
$10,000 to $19,999	108,050	42,050	65,995	1,246,480	505,165	741,315
$20,000 to $29,999	111,125	44,180	66,945	1,192,885	541,080	651,810
$30,000 to $39,999	102,575	46,140	56,435	1,096,510	553,200	543,315
$40,000 to $49,999	98,135	48,065	50,070	793,150	425,040	368,115
$50,000 to $59,999	78,785	43,280	35,515	498,475	283,130	215,345
$60,000 to $69,999	57,785	34,785	23,005	309,415	180,470	128,945
$70,000 to $79,999	43,805	27,025	16,780	167,895	108,500	59,395
$80,000 and over	109,145	77,970	31,180	291,635	205,155	86,485
$80,000 to $89,999	32,800	21,185	11,615	95,010	64,670	30,335
$90,000 to $99,999	21,290	14,790	6,500	55,980	39,080	16,905
$100,000 and over	55,055	41,990	13,060	140,645	101,405	39,240
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	852,855	423,585	429,270	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145
Without employment income	195,250	80,355	114,895	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775
With employment income	657,605	343,235	314,375	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375
Percentage with employment income	77.1	81.0	73.2	69.8	73.9	65.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	64,985	28,815	36,165	606,300	311,780	294,520
$5,000 to $9,999	43,115	17,945	25,165	367,030	162,150	204,885
$10,000 to $19,999	73,260	30,900	42,360	681,920	305,995	375,920
$20,000 to $29,999	61,955	26,065	35,890	586,140	269,950	316,195
$30,000 to $39,999	61,195	27,585	33,610	565,425	277,135	288,285
$40,000 to $49,999	61,490	29,050	32,440	476,665	247,105	229,560
$50,000 to $59,999	57,085	28,580	28,510	359,180	203,580	155,600
$60,000 to $69,999	47,390	26,480	20,910	266,650	156,255	110,395
$70,000 to $79,999	39,015	23,790	15,225	224,040	129,890	94,150
$80,000 and over	148,120	104,030	44,095	494,440	344,585	149,855
$80,000 to $89,999	31,320	19,765	11,555	139,830	90,295	49,540
$90,000 to $99,999	28,030	17,295	10,735	93,860	64,160	29,700
$100,000 and over	88,770	66,970	21,800	260,745	190,125	70,620
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	408,475	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,874	...	...	59,822	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,855	...	...	52,207	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	106,810	...	...	1,175,230	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,672	...	...	31,574	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	42,081	...	...	28,469	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	301,665	...	...	2,356,430	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,071	...	...	78,645	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	93,804	...	...	67,665	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	408,555	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	117,711	...	...	77,306	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	96,262	...	...	63,404	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	106,875	...	...	1,174,695	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	60,823	...	...	40,042	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	49,778	...	...	33,262	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	301,680	...	...	2,356,970	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	137,865	...	...	95,878	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	112,729	...	...	78,426	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	408,470	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Under $5,000	6,240	...	...	47,170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,875	...	...	56,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,395	...	...	119,570	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,355	...	...	180,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	13,480	...	...	179,690	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10,875	...	...	154,150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	11,430	...	...	185,000	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	12,585	...	...	184,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,640	...	...	179,855	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,960	...	...	170,445	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	26,545	...	...	313,600	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	26,825	...	...	273,620	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25,770	...	...	241,940	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	24,265	...	...	208,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,225	...	...	176,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	183,010	...	...	860,030	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	49,970	...	...	327,435	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,495	...	...	204,105	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	48,450	...	...	192,155	...	...
$200,000 and over	46,100	...	...	136,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	408,475	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Under $5,000	6,555	...	...	50,445	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	3,930	...	...	57,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5,525	...	...	120,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	9,765	...	...	190,300	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,445	...	...	202,905	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	12,420	...	...	187,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	13,795	...	...	231,765	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15,300	...	...	225,695	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	16,040	...	...	211,990	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,570	...	...	202,760	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	33,560	...	...	363,775	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	32,260	...	...	309,825	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30,600	...	...	256,150	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,800	...	...	208,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,525	...	...	166,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	143,405	...	...	545,440	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	51,275	...	...	269,170	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	34,990	...	...	130,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	57,140	...	...	146,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	282,440	...	...	2,261,890	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	109,047	...	...	79,378	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,897	...	...	68,152	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	97,695	...	...	930,195	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	102,965	...	...	70,075	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,275	...	...	60,224	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	130,990	...	...	911,980	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	131,410	...	...	105,246	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	110,892	...	...	88,844	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	42,780	...	...	364,085	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	64,843	...	...	52,708	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	58,514	...	...	47,805	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	282,220	...	...	2,262,045	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	138,209	...	...	96,863	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	112,697	...	...	79,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	97,700	...	...	929,645	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	135,498	...	...	86,304	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	109,227	...	...	70,167	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	131,105	...	...	912,560	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	161,470	...	...	122,835	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	131,176	...	...	99,279	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	42,490	...	...	363,610	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	78,488	...	...	61,753	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	67,522	...	...	53,052	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	170,210	90,315	79,890	1,433,210	711,180	722,030
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	42,481	46,599	38,381	29,195	31,526	27,210
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,563	40,384	34,607	26,706	28,214	25,434
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	170,225	90,355	79,875	1,430,625	708,225	722,405
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	53,381	57,946	48,217	37,684	39,840	35,571
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	44,196	47,142	40,863	31,513	32,729	30,321
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,041,915	520,080	521,830	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970
In the bottom half of the distribution	403,965	194,720	209,245	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115
In the bottom decile	80,300	39,225	41,075	747,785	368,385	379,395
In the second decile	73,410	33,680	39,730	898,605	408,705	489,900
In the third decile	77,050	36,645	40,410	997,185	481,975	515,210
In the fourth decile	82,595	40,425	42,170	996,230	490,275	505,960
In the fifth decile	90,610	44,750	45,860	938,080	467,425	470,655
In the top half of the distribution	637,950	325,360	312,590	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855
In the sixth decile	98,120	48,665	49,450	881,640	444,865	436,775
In the seventh decile	106,520	53,600	52,920	806,685	409,470	397,220
In the eighth decile	120,710	61,490	59,220	700,450	357,000	343,455
In the ninth decile	141,440	72,395	69,050	557,160	286,195	270,960
In the top decile	171,160	89,210	81,950	441,630	227,185	214,445
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,041,915	520,085	521,835	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945
0 to 17 years	223,455	114,220	109,230	1,564,410	800,455	763,960
0 to 5 years	80,150	40,800	39,350	532,410	272,790	259,625
18 to 64 years	699,620	351,345	348,275	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980
65 years and over	118,845	54,510	64,335	1,335,220	620,210	715,010
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	104,820	49,430	55,385	1,160,190	542,405	617,785
0 to 17 years	32,950	16,885	16,065	222,955	114,410	108,540
0 to 5 years	12,755	6,540	6,215	75,270	38,595	36,670
18 to 64 years	62,610	29,240	33,370	688,130	334,825	353,305
65 years and over	9,260	3,310	5,950	249,110	93,170	155,930
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1	9.5	10.6	14.6	13.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	14.7	14.8	14.7	14.3	14.3	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	15.9	16.0	15.8	14.1	14.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	8.3	9.6	13.7	13.4	14.0
65 years and over (%)	7.8	6.1	9.2	18.7	15.0	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	95,835	46,655	49,180	731,340	358,085	373,260
0 to 17 years	26,675	13,630	13,050	129,325	66,400	62,925
0 to 5 years	10,340	5,290	5,050	44,375	22,705	21,675
18 to 64 years	64,000	31,085	32,915	514,540	261,485	253,060
65 years and over	5,160	1,945	3,210	87,475	30,205	57,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.0	9.4	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.9	11.9	11.9	8.3	8.3	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.9	13.0	12.8	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	8.8	9.5	10.2	10.5	10.0
65 years and over (%)	4.3	3.6	5.0	6.6	4.9	8.0
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,042,145	520,150	522,000	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Official languages	1,022,335	512,215	510,120	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890
English	1,020,840	511,585	509,250	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225
French	79,270	37,370	41,900	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200
Non-official languages	372,490	181,415	191,075	1,610,980	776,265	834,720
Aboriginal languages	3,730	1,500	2,230	50,890	25,190	25,700
Algonquian languages	3,165	1,220	1,945	37,515	18,545	18,965
Blackfoot	35	10	30	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	3,015	1,165	1,850	34,415	17,050	17,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	9,850	4,735	5,115
Moose Cree	20	10	15	0	10	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	775	385	385
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	260	130	130
Plains Cree	890	335	555	10	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	35	25	10
Swampy Cree	25	10	15	15	0	10
Woods Cree	230	100	130	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	1,845	710	1,135	17,175	8,600	8,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0	885	460	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	880	460	425
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	130	45	90	2,340	1,105	1,235
Algonquin	0	0	0	2,240	1,055	1,185
Ojibway	125	40	85	105	50	50
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	10
Athabaskan languages	280	115	165	20	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	280	115	165	20	15	10
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	10	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	25	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dene	180	70	115	10	0	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	40	20	20	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	30	20	10	10	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	15	10	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	0	10	10	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	10	0
Tahltan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	10	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	60	25	30	12,595	6,270	6,330
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	30	10	20	12,485	6,210	6,270
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	20	0	115	60	60
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	740	360	375
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0	690	350	335
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	35
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	50	25	20	30	15	10
Salish languages	25	10	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	155	85	70	0	0	0
Dakota	75	45	30	10	0	0
Stoney	85	45	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	20	10	10	0	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Non-Aboriginal languages	368,890	179,980	188,910	1,560,375	751,215	809,160
Afro-Asiatic languages	44,015	22,805	21,205	301,035	157,545	143,490
Berber languages	205	105	95	27,595	14,650	12,945
Kabyle	85	45	40	16,170	8,580	7,590
Berber languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	11,580	6,150	5,425
Cushitic languages	9,780	4,980	4,800	1,550	745	805
Bilen	240	140	100	35	20	10
Oromo	1,205	645	555	45	30	10
Somali	8,385	4,215	4,165	1,460	680	780
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	10	10	0
Semitic languages	35,215	18,350	16,860	286,625	149,970	136,660
Amharic	4,080	2,070	2,005	1,145	540	600
Arabic	27,545	14,495	13,055	267,965	140,280	127,685
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	65	40	30	195	95	95
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	20	10	10	0	0
Harari	240	100	140	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,425	750	680	18,035	9,490	8,540
Maltese	60	30	30	40	10	25
Tigrigna	3,130	1,585	1,540	420	195	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	160	85	75	180	85	95
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	150	85	60	810	430	380
Austro-Asiatic languages	12,605	5,885	6,725	46,050	21,955	24,095
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,080	510	565	11,840	5,620	6,220
Vietnamese	11,580	5,400	6,180	34,580	16,520	18,060
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	40	25	15
Austronesian languages	49,920	21,975	27,945	31,230	11,820	19,410
Bikol	60	30	30	105	45	60
Cebuano	2,385	1,070	1,315	1,105	360	750
Fijian	135	90	50	15	0	10
Hiligaynon	510	210	300	540	195	350
Ilocano	2,325	970	1,350	2,500	890	1,610
Malagasy	15	10	10	1,980	940	1,040
Malay	1,125	515	610	1,210	525	690
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	480	215	270	195	95	100
Pangasinan	165	70	95	60	20	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	47,350	20,780	26,575	26,705	9,785	16,915
Waray-Waray	105	30	70	55	10	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	405	165	240	540	270	275
Creole languages	2,050	1,100	950	115,445	51,970	63,475
Haitian Creole	115	65	50	4,910	2,285	2,620
Creole, n.o.s.	1,210	670	540	108,315	48,615	59,705
Creole languages, n.i.e.	730	370	365	2,835	1,390	1,445
Dravidian languages	8,655	4,555	4,100	18,710	9,495	9,210
Kannada	370	175	195	415	210	205
Malayalam	4,395	2,255	2,140	510	285	220
Tamil	3,045	1,655	1,385	17,245	8,680	8,565
Telugu	1,345	720	630	930	540	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	15	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	30	15	10	35	15	25
Indo-European languages	178,535	88,710	89,825	912,945	435,785	477,155
Albanian	880	485	390	3,375	1,730	1,645
Armenian	190	75	115	20,290	9,790	10,500
Balto-Slavic languages	36,175	17,025	19,155	88,425	41,725	46,700
Baltic languages	510	240	270	1,080	500	585
Latvian	230	110	125	335	150	185
Lithuanian	280	135	150	755	350	410
Slavic languages	35,885	16,885	19,000	87,520	41,315	46,205
Belarusan	95	50	45	365	150	215
Bosnian	1,105	540	570	1,975	990	985
Bulgarian	525	260	260	7,345	3,595	3,750
Croatian	2,655	1,455	1,195	3,580	1,760	1,820
Czech	880	395	490	2,070	975	1,095
Macedonian	225	100	125	285	140	145
Polish	10,220	4,980	5,235	17,760	8,090	9,665
Russian	8,580	4,055	4,525	46,665	22,265	24,400
Serbian	2,370	1,145	1,230	4,050	1,980	2,070
Serbo-Croatian	420	200	220	2,385	1,140	1,245
Slovak	620	345	275	1,520	705	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	265	135	130	970	490	480
Ukrainian	12,650	5,395	7,250	9,015	3,885	5,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	100	45	50	150	75	75
Celtic languages	380	220	160	495	305	195
Scottish Gaelic	140	65	70	155	95	65
Welsh	80	50	35	85	45	40
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	160	100	65	265	175	95
Germanic languages	22,075	10,825	11,245	63,370	31,835	31,530
Afrikaans	975	495	475	415	260	150
Danish	595	270	330	835	410	420
Dutch	3,535	1,715	1,820	5,060	2,665	2,395
Frisian	65	45	20	15	10	0
German	16,365	8,120	8,240	43,475	21,950	21,530
Icelandic	45	20	30	140	80	60
Norwegian	390	155	235	510	255	255
Swedish	480	250	230	1,580	785	795
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	10	35	760	265	495
Yiddish	65	35	30	12,375	6,225	6,155
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	270	125	140
Greek	1,415	685	725	51,060	25,520	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	76,510	39,445	37,065	93,655	48,040	45,615
Indo-Aryan languages	69,940	35,975	33,965	59,570	30,870	28,700
Bengali	2,790	1,475	1,315	12,870	6,610	6,260
Gujarati	7,415	3,690	3,725	7,950	3,860	4,090
Hindi	26,705	13,935	12,775	15,570	8,285	7,280
Kashmiri	45	30	20	45	35	15
Konkani	160	70	95	150	70	75
Marathi	825	455	365	475	240	230
Nepali	1,935	1,045	885	1,445	725	720
Oriya (Odia)	100	55	45	55	35	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	34,665	17,875	16,790	17,860	9,690	8,165
Sindhi	1,720	795	930	500	240	255
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,740	885	845	1,335	625	710
Urdu	11,960	6,215	5,745	16,545	8,655	7,890
Iranian languages	7,070	3,715	3,355	35,420	17,830	17,585
Kurdish	830	510	325	1,255	665	590
Pashto	810	440	370	1,825	1,005	825
Persian (Farsi)	5,650	2,915	2,740	32,965	16,560	16,405
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	450	245	205	845	425	420
Italic (Romance) languages	45,070	22,115	22,955	627,545	293,620	333,920
Catalan	75	45	35	890	525	365
Italian	7,785	3,865	3,920	173,710	84,430	89,275
Portuguese	5,570	2,745	2,830	55,100	27,620	27,475
Romanian	2,920	1,495	1,420	42,655	20,550	22,110
Spanish	30,305	14,750	15,555	390,355	177,610	212,745
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	90	40	45	490	345	145
Japanese	2,330	1,015	1,320	7,040	3,340	3,695
Kartvelian languages	65	25	35	220	110	110
Georgian	60	25	40	215	105	110
Korean	6,785	3,205	3,575	6,260	2,825	3,430
Mongolic languages	145	65	85	270	135	130
Mongolian	145	65	85	265	135	130
Niger-Congo languages	12,765	6,480	6,280	52,840	26,665	26,175
Akan (Twi)	1,390	690	700	1,800	945	855
Bamanankan	25	15	15	2,385	1,240	1,145
Edo	240	110	130	190	95	95
Ewe	150	85	70	1,410	865	545
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	155	80	80	3,400	1,785	1,620
Ga	185	100	90	315	155	160
Ganda	425	210	220	90	40	55
Igbo	600	330	270	275	190	90
Lingala	710	350	365	9,630	4,430	5,200
Rundi (Kirundi)	585	275	305	4,490	2,210	2,285
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	905	480	430	3,535	1,640	1,895
Shona	895	440	450	150	75	80
Swahili	3,405	1,810	1,595	8,015	4,080	3,935
Wolof	225	130	90	6,555	3,545	3,015
Yoruba	1,580	825	755	885	485	395
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,195	1,575	1,630	17,720	9,125	8,595
Nilo-Saharan languages	920	450	470	695	345	350
Dinka	565	260	305	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	355	190	165	695	345	350
Sign languages	2,265	900	1,370	7,775	3,095	4,675
American Sign Language	1,350	480	870	675	245	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	4,405	1,590	2,815
Sign languages, n.i.e.	930	415	510	2,960	1,350	1,605
Sino-Tibetan languages	54,115	26,130	27,985	90,460	42,695	47,770
Chinese languages	53,310	25,710	27,600	90,060	42,480	47,580
Cantonese	28,305	13,535	14,775	31,885	14,900	16,980
Hakka	685	300	385	545	240	310
Mandarin	27,655	13,200	14,455	59,240	27,560	31,685
Min Dong	20	10	15	15	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,565	705	860	4,215	1,860	2,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	260	120	140	1,230	535	690
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,330	1,175	1,160	4,800	2,380	2,425
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	90	40	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	825	430	395	430	235	195
Burmese	235	120	115	140	75	60
Karenic languages	455	230	220	105	55	45
Tibetan	45	25	20	65	50	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	140	65	80
Tai-Kadai languages	1,200	485	715	7,280	3,400	3,880
Lao	535	250	290	5,785	2,850	2,935
Thai	760	255	505	2,255	875	1,375
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	15	10	10
Turkic languages	2,835	1,555	1,280	12,475	6,265	6,210
Azerbaijani	240	130	115	510	275	235
Turkish	2,315	1,290	1,030	11,415	5,755	5,665
Uyghur	145	65	75	230	110	120
Uzbek	150	80	70	230	105	125
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	235	115	120
Uralic languages	2,035	965	1,065	7,870	3,710	4,160
Estonian	30	20	15	150	55	95
Finnish	355	135	210	500	195	305
Hungarian	1,655	810	840	7,215	3,450	3,765
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	675	395	285	2,140	1,170	970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	916,660	457,820	458,840	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350
Canadian citizens aged under 18	202,750	103,600	99,150	1,521,230	779,620	741,610
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	713,910	354,220	359,690	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	125,485	62,335	63,155	379,910	188,245	191,665
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	727,520	365,455	362,070	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	288,100	140,870	147,235	1,091,310	530,325	560,980
Before 1981	53,865	26,830	27,035	238,655	117,080	121,575
1981 to 1990	31,835	15,605	16,225	127,340	63,150	64,190
1991 to 2000	44,470	20,895	23,575	187,860	89,210	98,650
2001 to 2010	83,430	41,000	42,420	322,280	155,785	166,495
2001 to 2005	34,750	16,925	17,825	140,170	67,835	72,335
2006 to 2010	48,675	24,080	24,595	182,115	87,945	94,165
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	74,510	36,535	37,980	215,170	105,105	110,065
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	26,525	13,830	12,695	86,065	45,765	40,295
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	288,105	140,870	147,235	1,091,305	530,325	560,980
Under 5 years	26,685	13,855	12,835	112,930	54,600	58,330
5 to 14 years	48,915	25,285	23,625	174,020	87,165	86,855
15 to 24 years	59,330	27,165	32,165	215,350	98,880	116,475
25 to 44 years	129,000	63,305	65,690	515,770	256,095	259,675
45 years and over	24,175	11,265	12,915	73,230	33,590	39,640
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	288,105	140,870	147,235	1,091,305	530,330	560,980
Americas	28,480	13,780	14,700	247,505	113,190	134,315
Brazil	735	305	435	7,345	3,515	3,830
Colombia	2,515	1,280	1,235	25,580	11,645	13,935
El Salvador	2,985	1,530	1,460	11,120	5,500	5,615
Guyana	1,330	605	730	2,490	1,085	1,410
Haiti	510	280	230	80,965	35,375	45,585
Jamaica	2,615	1,185	1,430	4,665	2,040	2,625
Mexico	2,195	1,105	1,095	15,820	7,090	8,730
Peru	500	195	305	13,265	5,945	7,325
Trinidad and Tobago	1,495	740	755	4,075	1,840	2,240
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,015	3,330	3,685	25,955	12,800	13,155
Other places of birth in Americas	6,575	3,235	3,345	56,235	26,370	29,870
Europe	55,875	27,655	28,225	311,090	154,910	156,185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,835	935	905	3,785	1,890	1,895
Croatia	1,350	720	630	2,140	1,085	1,050
France	640	280	360	81,225	43,490	37,735
Germany	5,555	2,745	2,815	9,750	4,365	5,390
Greece	590	335	255	18,420	9,135	9,285
Hungary	860	435	425	3,325	1,620	1,700
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,330	700	635	820	485	330
Italy	3,265	1,715	1,545	51,025	25,370	25,655
Netherlands	2,740	1,490	1,255	1,990	1,035	955
Poland	7,225	3,475	3,750	10,735	4,675	6,060
Portugal	2,355	1,165	1,190	18,985	9,185	9,800
Romania	2,245	1,140	1,105	28,695	13,695	15,005
Russian Federation	2,075	895	1,180	11,355	4,975	6,375
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	835	370	460	1,790	830	960
Ukraine	3,595	1,560	2,030	8,670	3,800	4,870
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	13,230	6,740	6,490	12,905	6,645	6,260
Other places of birth in Europe	6,155	2,950	3,205	45,500	22,630	22,870
Africa	36,040	18,620	17,420	241,410	125,250	116,165
Algeria	360	190	175	59,465	31,180	28,280
Egypt	1,995	1,125	870	19,490	10,290	9,200
Ethiopia	4,000	2,040	1,955	995	495	495
Kenya	1,890	960	925	785	355	430
Morocco	790	485	300	60,700	31,435	29,270
Nigeria	3,135	1,670	1,460	1,340	740	600
Somalia	4,580	2,250	2,330	580	270	310
South Africa, Republic of	1,975	935	1,040	865	475	385
Other places of birth in Africa	17,325	8,960	8,365	97,200	50,005	47,190
Asia	163,770	78,875	84,900	289,825	136,175	153,655
Afghanistan	1,470	760	710	7,280	3,640	3,640
Bangladesh	1,590	805	790	7,940	3,990	3,950
China^{Census data footnote 59}	19,320	8,875	10,450	49,555	19,905	29,655
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	7,255	3,530	3,730	4,730	2,290	2,435
India	37,570	19,190	18,380	17,865	9,195	8,670
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	2,620	1,380	1,235	17,760	8,880	8,885
Iraq	2,060	1,115	945	3,735	1,960	1,775
Japan	625	170	455	1,725	395	1,330
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,695	2,205	2,490	4,230	1,995	2,230
Lebanon	4,850	2,620	2,225	39,135	20,800	18,340
Pakistan	8,040	4,115	3,925	10,010	5,260	4,750
Philippines	42,790	18,875	23,915	24,410	9,040	15,370
Sri Lanka	2,040	1,010	1,030	10,715	5,335	5,380
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,015	1,090	920	17,775	8,800	8,980
Taiwan	980	430	550	2,735	1,100	1,635
Viet Nam	10,250	4,790	5,455	25,440	11,765	13,675
Other places of birth in Asia	15,615	7,910	7,700	44,795	21,840	22,950
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	3,930	1,940	1,990	1,480	805	670
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	74,510	36,530	37,980	215,170	105,105	110,065
Americas	5,380	2,550	2,825	47,710	22,625	25,085
Brazil	260	110	150	3,010	1,495	1,520
Colombia	530	225	305	7,540	3,465	4,075
Cuba	200	90	115	2,565	1,260	1,315
Haiti	175	95	75	16,880	7,690	9,190
Jamaica	630	275	355	190	140	55
Mexico	885	470	415	4,210	1,955	2,255
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	1,310	605	705	3,990	2,265	1,720
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	220	85	135	1,955	935	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	1,170	605	560	7,365	3,425	3,935
Europe	6,520	3,335	3,180	39,320	20,085	19,235
France	95	50	45	20,030	10,855	9,175
Germany	415	240	175	580	250	330
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	490	305	185	135	105	35
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	200	90	110	3,750	1,695	2,055
Romania	375	175	200	2,945	1,260	1,685
Russian Federation	410	155	260	1,970	865	1,105
Ukraine	865	400	465	2,460	1,110	1,350
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	1,450	815	630	860	565	290
Other places of birth in Europe	2,215	1,110	1,110	6,590	3,385	3,205
Africa	11,620	5,885	5,730	74,200	37,110	37,090
Algeria	40	15	30	16,380	8,060	8,320
Cameroon	365	175	195	7,550	3,705	3,845
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	515	240	280	3,370	1,655	1,715
Côte d'Ivoire	285	125	155	5,070	2,505	2,565
Egypt	730	395	330	4,360	2,260	2,095
Eritrea	990	520	470	50	30	20
Ethiopia	1,215	630	585	125	65	60
Morocco	245	145	100	13,475	6,675	6,805
Nigeria	1,525	810	715	540	280	260
Somalia	1,390	685	705	95	40	50
South Africa, Republic of	475	230	245	175	115	60
Tunisia	150	80	70	5,855	3,025	2,825
Other places of birth in Africa	3,685	1,835	1,845	17,155	8,690	8,470
Asia	50,335	24,415	25,925	53,595	25,070	28,525
Afghanistan	225	115	105	1,555	715	840
Bangladesh	555	270	285	860	455	405
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,615	1,635	1,980	10,705	4,805	5,895
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	310	110	195	120	35	80
India	13,270	6,925	6,345	2,960	1,555	1,405
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	860	465	400	7,505	3,545	3,960
Iraq	700	360	345	985	465	515
Israel	250	135	115	645	390	255
Japan	190	60	130	330	30	295
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,455	735	720	825	370	455
Lebanon	755	385	370	3,955	2,100	1,860
Nepal	1,085	565	515	360	165	195
Pakistan	1,960	980	985	1,815	920	895
Philippines	19,715	9,050	10,665	5,635	2,345	3,290
Saudi Arabia	365	205	160	435	210	225
Sri Lanka	750	350	395	860	380	480
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,390	740	645	7,455	3,740	3,715
Taiwan	125	40	85	170	60	105
Turkey	200	125	80	585	300	285
United Arab Emirates	305	165	140	300	160	145
Viet Nam	745	295	455	1,505	560	945
Other places of birth in Asia	1,520	705	820	4,025	1,765	2,265
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	660	345	315	345	215	135
Australia	230	115	110	190	120	70
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	435	225	210	155	95	65
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	320,430	157,615	162,810	1,204,895	590,175	614,720
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	218,315	109,860	108,450	792,085	399,535	392,550
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	503,405	252,675	250,730	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	238,680	116,320	122,360	867,685	420,465	447,220
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	127,700	64,680	63,020	469,015	243,915	225,100
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	51,935	32,160	19,775	224,720	137,975	86,745
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	75,765	32,520	43,245	244,300	105,945	138,360
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	68,265	28,350	39,915	241,225	96,130	145,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	41,115	22,455	18,665	146,295	75,100	71,195
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	1,595	835	760	11,150	5,320	5,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	55,365	25,815	29,550	182,885	91,890	90,995
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	53,950	25,175	28,780	175,960	88,635	87,325
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	24,270	11,000	13,265	92,655	45,510	47,145
Métis	28,870	13,750	15,120	69,365	36,260	33,100
Inuk (Inuit)	810	420	390	13,940	6,865	7,075
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	855	395	460	2,760	1,330	1,430
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	560	245	315	4,170	1,930	2,245
Non-Aboriginal identity	986,780	494,335	492,440	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	21,095	9,350	11,745	77,490	38,580	38,915
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,021,050	510,795	510,250	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,042,150	520,150	521,995	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	16,530	7,485	9,045	118,780	58,535	60,245
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	15,695	7,110	8,585	115,480	56,930	58,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10,830	4,845	5,985	87,700	42,730	44,965
Métis single ancestry	4,695	2,190	2,505	17,585	9,225	8,360
Inuit single ancestry	175	75	95	10,200	4,980	5,220
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	835	375	460	3,300	1,605	1,700
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	780	345	435	2,220	1,115	1,105
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	15	10	995	455	540
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	0	65	25	40
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	10	20	10	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	48,640	23,220	25,420	240,650	113,905	126,740
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	45,990	22,095	23,895	235,365	111,205	124,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,365	12,180	13,185	193,625	90,650	102,975
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	19,930	9,560	10,375	37,080	18,320	18,760
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	690	355	335	4,660	2,230	2,425
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	2,655	1,130	1,525	5,280	2,700	2,575
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,510	1,080	1,430	4,040	2,105	1,940
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	75	25	50	990	475	515
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	55	15	40	225	110	115
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	10	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	976,975	489,440	487,530	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	348,895	173,370	175,530	1,032,365	505,180	527,185
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	88,255	45,580	42,680	90,335	46,750	43,585
Chinese	58,805	28,620	30,190	99,505	44,370	55,135
Black	55,435	28,415	27,020	319,230	154,110	165,120
Filipino	56,970	25,840	31,125	34,910	14,275	20,635
Latin American	17,645	8,995	8,650	133,920	64,655	69,260
Arab	24,845	13,235	11,610	213,740	113,420	100,320
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	16,625	7,985	8,635	62,820	29,960	32,865
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	6,515	3,360	3,155	32,405	16,200	16,210
Korean	7,140	3,425	3,715	8,055	3,865	4,190
Japanese	2,190	830	1,355	4,570	1,755	2,820
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	3,740	1,760	1,985	9,840	4,670	5,175
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	10,720	5,325	5,395	23,045	11,160	11,885
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	693,250	346,780	346,465	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,042,145	520,150	521,995	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010
North American Aboriginal origins	65,175	30,710	34,465	359,430	172,440	186,985
First Nations (North American Indian)	39,605	18,495	21,105	289,610	137,550	152,065
Inuit	1,065	515	550	17,175	8,300	8,880
Métis	28,010	13,205	14,805	61,260	30,915	30,345
Other North American origins	203,890	103,560	100,330	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605
Acadian	1,335	750	585	34,785	16,440	18,345
American	15,285	7,365	7,920	45,050	21,470	23,580
Canadian	192,150	97,620	94,530	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	750	370	380
Newfoundlander	460	280	185	570	280	295
Nova Scotian	60	50	15	365	155	215
Ontarian	10	10	0	1,345	660	685
Québécois	380	225	160	184,005	93,895	90,110
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	65	25	35	205	110	100
European origins	616,035	305,910	310,125	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825
British Isles origins	349,985	174,625	175,360	745,715	360,135	385,575
Channel Islander	60	10	50	1,440	725	720
Cornish	70	40	30	70	35	40
English	191,065	94,370	96,700	228,520	111,855	116,670
Irish	139,380	67,705	71,670	446,215	211,545	234,665
Manx	220	105	115	200	105	95
Scottish	155,605	76,840	78,760	215,030	103,395	111,635
Welsh	18,830	9,160	9,675	10,765	5,075	5,690
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	21,745	10,515	11,235	32,525	15,440	17,080
French origins	106,105	51,355	54,750	1,878,795	941,770	937,025
Alsatian	85	50	40	1,050	520	525
Breton	35	20	15	11,140	5,410	5,725
Corsican	85	50	35	1,270	690	580
French	105,970	51,275	54,695	1,870,545	937,665	932,875
Western European origins (except French origins)	196,730	96,695	100,035	244,380	119,115	125,260
Austrian	10,595	5,055	5,535	12,710	6,285	6,430
Bavarian	35	15	25	40	30	20
Belgian	4,615	2,185	2,425	51,340	25,295	26,050
Dutch	40,850	20,120	20,735	26,000	12,805	13,190
Flemish	435	205	220	1,345	660	685
Frisian	95	75	20	15	20	0
German	152,870	74,915	77,960	142,225	68,250	73,975
Luxembourger	160	85	80	910	445	460
Swiss	4,485	2,300	2,190	24,500	12,615	11,885
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	140	40	100	125	80	50
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	68,545	32,645	35,895	25,460	12,490	12,975
Danish	11,595	5,560	6,040	5,700	2,815	2,885
Finnish	3,965	1,880	2,090	3,130	1,430	1,700
Icelandic	4,040	2,085	1,960	955	480	470
Norwegian	31,745	15,110	16,635	7,820	3,835	3,985
Swedish	21,350	9,630	11,720	6,840	3,275	3,565
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,265	1,580	1,685	2,500	1,265	1,230
Eastern European origins	195,045	93,870	101,170	249,940	121,660	128,285
Bulgarian	775	405	375	9,570	4,675	4,895
Byelorussian	970	530	440	2,530	1,235	1,295
Czech	4,615	2,265	2,350	6,295	2,965	3,330
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,135	1,050	1,080	2,150	1,100	1,050
Estonian	535	240	290	890	460	435
Hungarian	11,495	5,540	5,950	28,280	13,970	14,310
Latvian	980	440	540	1,740	835	905
Lithuanian	1,600	770	825	6,630	3,320	3,305
Moldovan	360	155	205	7,620	3,710	3,900
Polish	55,885	26,815	29,070	79,040	38,705	40,335
Romanian	9,585	4,655	4,930	53,060	25,935	27,125
Russian	21,725	10,340	11,390	55,230	26,405	28,830
Slovak	2,530	1,225	1,305	4,770	2,375	2,395
Ukrainian	121,485	58,220	63,265	42,550	20,575	21,975
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	535	270	265	2,900	1,505	1,400
Southern European origins	66,390	33,210	33,175	549,750	273,670	276,080
Albanian	810	445	360	3,760	1,950	1,805
Bosnian	1,440	730	710	2,970	1,485	1,490
Catalan	35	30	0	735	395	340
Croatian	4,630	2,575	2,055	6,745	3,375	3,370
Cypriot	60	40	20	480	240	245
Greek	4,215	2,175	2,040	71,330	36,235	35,090
Italian	28,070	14,175	13,900	326,700	162,650	164,045
Kosovar	175	90	90	505	295	210
Macedonian	380	195	185	775	400	370
Maltese	400	220	180	1,220	615	610
Montenegrin	105	70	40	450	250	200
Portuguese	9,515	4,885	4,630	69,805	34,825	34,980
Serbian	3,110	1,510	1,595	5,950	2,915	3,040
Sicilian	85	45	40	1,435	710	725
Slovenian	1,105	560	550	2,510	1,225	1,280
Spanish	14,945	6,880	8,065	85,360	41,745	43,615
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,355	655	690	3,270	1,595	1,670
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	60	35	30	300	155	145
Other European origins	6,140	3,275	2,865	38,670	19,875	18,800
Basque	95	35	60	3,620	1,930	1,690
Jewish	3,245	1,765	1,485	25,235	12,955	12,280
Roma (Gypsy)	100	50	45	475	270	205
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	210	100	105	360	180	185
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	2,530	1,345	1,185	9,215	4,690	4,530
Caribbean origins	13,920	6,920	7,000	201,625	93,935	107,690
Antiguan	130	65	60	380	170	205
Bahamian	100	70	35	430	205	225
Barbadian	780	375	410	5,570	2,585	2,985
Bermudan	30	20	15	115	50	65
Carib	30	20	15	405	150	255
Cuban	790	420	370	9,830	4,800	5,035
Dominican	320	170	150	11,560	5,320	6,235
Grenadian	335	180	160	1,965	790	1,175
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	1,010	475	535
Haitian	820	465	360	143,165	66,245	76,925
Jamaican	6,855	3,365	3,485	14,100	6,785	7,315
Kittitian/Nevisian	25	0	20	360	200	160
Martinican	10	0	0	1,775	820	950
Montserratan	15	0	20	240	140	105
Puerto Rican	85	40	50	530	270	255
St. Lucian	215	110	105	860	450	405
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,290	1,190	1,095	6,585	2,925	3,660
Vincentian/Grenadinian	130	45	80	4,020	1,695	2,325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	1,020	480	540	5,635	2,610	3,025
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	845	410	435	4,195	1,995	2,205
Latin, Central and South American origins	22,550	11,275	11,280	167,275	81,215	86,065
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	725	310	410	6,100	2,885	3,210
Arawak	15	15	0	180	60	120
Argentinian	305	180	125	4,950	2,490	2,460
Belizean	45	30	20	80	40	40
Bolivian	50	25	30	1,730	815	915
Brazilian	855	415	440	8,345	4,075	4,275
Chilean	3,640	1,815	1,820	14,060	7,055	7,005
Colombian	3,455	1,715	1,735	33,965	15,915	18,050
Costa Rican	135	65	65	1,180	570	610
Ecuadorian	245	120	130	2,720	1,255	1,470
Guatemalan	665	355	310	10,175	5,380	4,795
Guyanese	1,465	710	760	3,670	1,810	1,860
Hispanic	680	365	315	1,155	570	585
Honduran	155	90	60	4,335	2,135	2,200
Maya	220	110	115	1,670	935	735
Mexican	4,520	2,305	2,215	26,930	13,185	13,745
Nicaraguan	495	260	235	2,805	1,360	1,445
Panamanian	100	50	50	1,460	755	710
Paraguayan	25	15	10	365	155	205
Peruvian	810	390	420	19,735	9,240	10,495
Salvadorean	3,820	1,935	1,885	19,200	9,535	9,665
Uruguayan	125	75	45	1,755	815	940
Venezuelan	665	320	345	7,475	3,430	4,045
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	950	490	460	5,845	2,965	2,880
African origins	56,970	29,310	27,655	382,665	196,910	185,755
Central and West African origins	12,450	6,530	5,915	86,695	44,720	41,975
Akan	20	15	10	630	325	310
Angolan	120	70	50	875	425	450
Ashanti	30	20	15	120	90	35
Beninese	40	25	15	4,125	2,220	1,915
Burkinabe	55	30	25	2,465	1,325	1,145
Cameroonian	725	345	375	17,095	8,635	8,465
Chadian	10	10	0	1,045	525	520
Congolese	2,200	1,150	1,050	20,210	9,960	10,250
Edo	130	80	50	110	60	45
Ewe	55	30	25	460	265	200
Gabonese	0	0	0	1,165	545	620
Gambian	35	25	10	150	95	55
Ghanaian	2,010	1,050	960	3,235	1,660	1,575
Guinean	275	140	135	5,255	2,765	2,485
Ibo	385	220	165	185	95	95
Ivorian	395	210	185	8,545	4,350	4,200
Liberian	635	300	335	150	60	90
Malian	35	15	20	3,535	1,755	1,775
Malinké	70	40	30	635	340	295
Nigerian	3,495	1,810	1,685	2,820	1,510	1,310
Peulh	60	40	20	2,110	1,080	1,030
Senegalese	250	160	90	8,250	4,420	3,835
Sierra Leonean	465	245	220	110	55	55
Togolese	45	15	25	4,080	2,210	1,870
Wolof	25	10	10	660	390	270
Yoruba	800	410	395	460	225	235
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	855	480	370	6,955	3,690	3,275
North African origins	8,985	4,705	4,280	225,125	117,725	107,410
Algerian	465	210	260	60,375	31,185	29,190
Berber	240	155	85	33,825	17,840	15,985
Coptic	75	35	40	685	385	305
Dinka	205	105	100	15	10	10
Egyptian	3,265	1,710	1,555	29,400	15,295	14,100
Libyan	590	300	295	1,075	590	485
Maure	30	20	10	530	290	240
Moroccan	1,105	610	495	85,940	44,520	41,420
Sudanese	2,725	1,440	1,285	370	220	150
Tunisian	345	160	180	21,475	11,775	9,695
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	230	115	120	3,340	1,845	1,490
Southern and East African origins	26,735	13,805	12,930	28,925	14,225	14,705
Afrikaner	65	40	25	115	75	40
Amhara	185	100	90	65	30	35
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	410	230	180	1,905	1,040	870
Burundian	665	365	305	6,015	2,945	3,070
Djiboutian	155	85	70	450	205	245
Eritrean	3,470	1,785	1,680	580	290	290
Ethiopian	5,290	2,650	2,640	1,575	785	785
Harari	120	60	60	20	10	10
Kenyan	910	495	420	530	270	260
Malagasy	50	35	20	3,735	1,815	1,920
Mauritian	195	105	85	3,695	1,735	1,960
Oromo	550	350	205	20	15	10
Rwandan	1,120	590	530	5,130	2,445	2,685
Seychellois	10	10	0	775	345	425
Somali	9,785	4,990	4,795	1,785	865	915
South African	1,525	750	770	900	490	420
Tanzanian	465	290	175	325	190	140
Tigrian	255	130	125	95	35	55
Ugandan	625	345	280	290	135	160
Zambian	90	50	40	45	20	25
Zimbabwean	1,240	630	605	300	150	145
Zulu	175	80	95	70	35	35
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,420	725	695	1,790	915	875
Other African origins	9,985	4,935	5,055	46,805	22,845	23,965
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	1,100	550	545	3,800	1,845	1,950
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	9,065	4,470	4,600	43,785	21,415	22,370
Asian origins	276,105	136,010	140,090	563,150	275,170	287,980
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	38,435	20,155	18,280	240,795	123,985	116,810
Afghan	2,455	1,300	1,160	10,945	5,550	5,395
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	4,345	2,370	1,975	44,875	23,680	21,195
Armenian	540	275	260	27,380	13,515	13,865
Assyrian	150	65	85	370	205	165
Azerbaijani	295	145	145	555	295	255
Georgian	90	45	45	635	295	345
Hazara	100	55	50	385	190	200
Iranian	4,340	2,235	2,100	25,530	12,845	12,685
Iraqi	2,000	1,030	970	5,520	2,780	2,740
Israeli	680	350	330	6,060	3,235	2,830
Jordanian	635	315	320	1,610	840	770
Kazakh	110	50	55	620	295	325
Kurd	1,040	590	450	2,135	1,180	960
Kuwaiti	110	50	60	95	50	50
Kyrgyz	30	15	10	260	140	120
Lebanese	14,295	7,390	6,910	78,140	40,695	37,450
Palestinian	2,865	1,580	1,285	6,865	3,520	3,345
Pashtun	235	105	130	515	280	235
Saudi Arabian	190	95	90	645	390	255
Syrian	2,915	1,500	1,415	27,465	13,845	13,620
Tajik	65	45	20	390	180	210
Tatar	135	55	75	910	430	485
Turk	2,580	1,410	1,175	15,060	7,520	7,545
Turkmen	50	15	30	65	45	25
Uighur	95	50	50	375	185	190
Uzbek	165	85	85	465	210	255
Yemeni	250	130	125	805	450	355
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	865	485	385	2,465	1,385	1,075
South Asian origins	88,200	45,435	42,755	95,670	48,925	46,745
Bangladeshi	1,445	715	725	7,075	3,625	3,450
Bengali	580	335	245	4,125	2,035	2,090
Bhutanese	75	45	35	420	205	215
East Indian	69,460	35,650	33,810	51,650	26,505	25,140
Goan	80	45	40	210	105	110
Gujarati	485	250	230	420	205	215
Kashmiri	100	55	40	260	155	105
Nepali	1,805	970	835	930	460	470
Pakistani	8,060	4,175	3,885	13,535	7,000	6,535
Punjabi	5,910	3,130	2,775	2,970	1,675	1,295
Sinhalese	230	135	100	310	135	175
Sri Lankan	2,235	1,125	1,110	14,750	7,300	7,450
Tamil	465	240	225	3,100	1,610	1,495
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,910	995	920	2,135	1,190	945
East and Southeast Asian origins	150,865	71,100	79,765	229,985	103,805	126,180
Burmese	415	210	205	530	270	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,490	770	720	15,345	7,360	7,985
Chinese	69,800	33,660	36,140	121,445	54,595	66,850
Filipino	60,175	27,410	32,765	37,910	15,590	22,320
Hmong	0	0	0	35	10	20
Indonesian	825	385	435	1,320	570	755
Japanese	3,310	1,390	1,920	6,495	2,615	3,875
Karen	395	220	170	95	55	40
Korean	7,515	3,600	3,915	8,740	4,155	4,580
Laotian	695	360	335	7,625	3,860	3,770
Malaysian	1,340	635	710	645	300	340
Mongolian	330	145	185	960	470	485
Singaporean	120	55	75	105	65	40
Taiwanese	625	275	345	2,205	940	1,265
Thai	915	335	580	2,695	1,065	1,635
Tibetan	45	25	20	80	45	30
Vietnamese	13,850	6,660	7,185	43,080	20,790	22,290
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	370	190	175	275	125	155
Other Asian origins	910	490	425	1,765	905	865
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	915	490	425	1,770	905	860
Oceania origins	4,230	2,190	2,045	3,250	1,730	1,515
Australian	1,515	820	700	2,055	1,125	935
New Zealander	610	335	275	490	245	245
Pacific Islands origins	2,190	1,085	1,110	785	410	380
Fijian	1,785	875	910	70	25	40
Hawaiian	130	60	70	60	40	20
Maori	145	70	75	90	55	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	50	25	25	290	145	145
Samoan	60	35	20	15	15	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	30	25	0	295	155	145
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	408,555	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Owner	272,825	...	...	2,163,735	...	...
Renter	135,730	...	...	1,362,010	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	5,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	408,555	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Condominium	92,005	...	...	413,325	...	...
Not condominium	316,555	...	...	3,118,340	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	408,555	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
No bedrooms	2,515	...	...	23,725	...	...
1 bedroom	52,320	...	...	573,370	...	...
2 bedrooms	93,480	...	...	1,100,310	...	...
3 bedrooms	139,715	...	...	1,157,300	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	120,525	...	...	676,955	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	408,560	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	123,635	...	...	1,258,215	...	...
5 rooms	63,585	...	...	620,935	...	...
6 rooms	56,490	...	...	432,090	...	...
7 rooms	49,415	...	...	403,255	...	...
8 or more rooms	115,440	...	...	817,165	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	408,560	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
One person or fewer per room	397,520	...	...	3,492,135	...	...
More than 1 person per room	11,035	...	...	39,530	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	408,555	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
Suitable	384,225	...	...	3,398,910	...	...
Not suitable	24,335	...	...	132,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	408,560	...	...	3,531,660	...	...
1960 or before	55,720	...	...	894,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	128,050	...	...	1,116,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	50,615	...	...	503,495	...	...
1991 to 2000	47,365	...	...	369,020	...	...
2001 to 2005	38,770	...	...	196,830	...	...
2006 to 2010	41,365	...	...	241,545	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	46,665	...	...	209,515	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	408,560	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	386,380	...	...	3,304,625	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,175	...	...	227,040	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	408,560	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
1 household maintainer	232,135	...	...	2,221,970	...	...
2 household maintainers	160,225	...	...	1,264,195	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	16,195	...	...	45,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	408,555	...	...	3,531,665	...	...
15 to 24 years	17,000	...	...	119,495	...	...
25 to 34 years	81,690	...	...	498,070	...	...
35 to 44 years	81,330	...	...	603,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	79,740	...	...	682,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	74,105	...	...	731,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	43,005	...	...	541,630	...	...
75 to 84 years	23,320	...	...	270,280	...	...
85 years and over	8,365	...	...	84,680	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	406,690	...	...	3,496,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	312,960	...	...	2,763,105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	93,730	...	...	733,355	...	...
30% to less than 100%	81,625	...	...	647,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	272,815	...	...	2,141,690	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	64.4	...	...	61.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.6	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,520	...	...	983	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,544	...	...	1,085	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	399,709	...	...	250,302	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	428,462	...	...	290,484	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	135,730	...	...	1,358,265	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.5	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	38.1	...	...	33.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,248	...	...	720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,280	...	...	775	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	852,990	423,740	429,250	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
No certificate, diploma or degree	127,840	64,145	63,695	1,323,070	674,955	648,115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	234,735	116,100	118,635	1,426,980	674,820	752,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	490,415	243,500	246,915	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	74,335	58,800	15,535	1,120,730	681,515	439,215
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	22,405	13,605	8,800	806,585	435,090	371,495
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	51,930	45,190	6,740	314,145	246,425	67,720
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	158,800	67,260	91,540	1,165,515	506,775	658,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,610	11,520	17,090	236,255	93,680	142,575
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	228,675	105,920	122,755	1,361,730	628,290	733,440
Bachelor's degree	156,370	68,875	87,495	872,060	384,275	487,790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	12,450	5,695	6,755	118,955	54,255	64,695
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	7,410	3,975	3,440	39,045	19,865	19,185
Master's degree	42,500	21,050	21,450	281,215	139,280	141,935
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	9,950	6,330	3,615	50,455	30,615	19,840
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	598,750	299,640	299,115	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125
No certificate, diploma or degree	57,070	30,380	26,695	580,635	323,880	256,750
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	142,735	72,185	70,545	808,955	396,620	412,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	398,945	197,075	201,870	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	57,140	45,900	11,235	866,595	513,575	353,015
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	16,330	10,270	6,065	631,795	330,140	301,655
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	40,805	35,630	5,170	234,800	183,440	51,360
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	128,265	54,935	73,330	832,430	367,185	465,245
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,215	9,060	13,150	167,025	67,530	99,495
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	191,330	87,180	104,150	1,116,300	499,010	617,290
Bachelor's degree	130,180	56,925	73,260	712,935	308,760	404,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	9,760	4,385	5,375	94,240	40,085	54,160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,360	3,210	3,150	30,775	13,505	17,270
Master's degree	37,140	17,860	19,270	238,300	113,895	124,410
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	7,890	4,800	3,095	40,050	22,780	17,270
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	852,990	423,740	429,250	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	362,575	180,245	182,330	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270
Education	34,730	8,915	25,810	273,320	62,470	210,845
13. Education	34,725	8,920	25,810	273,320	62,470	210,845
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	14,915	6,590	8,325	156,720	71,485	85,240
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,730	1,915	810	25,380	18,280	7,100
50. Visual and performing arts	12,185	4,675	7,510	131,340	53,200	78,140
Humanities	21,475	8,960	12,515	215,735	86,065	129,675
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,515	745	1,770	32,180	7,165	25,020
23. English language and literature/letters	4,745	1,530	3,215	12,900	4,060	8,835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,690	2,480	4,210	103,120	42,685	60,435
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	60	25	40	880	395	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,500	920	580	10,400	6,650	3,755
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,740	1,610	1,130	10,125	6,200	3,930
54. History	2,725	1,535	1,190	17,055	9,990	7,065
55. French language and literature/letters	500	120	380	29,070	8,920	20,155
Social and behavioural sciences and law	47,185	16,390	30,790	380,995	125,025	255,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	790	185	605	4,315	1,165	3,150
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,690	2,025	2,665	48,530	16,690	31,845
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,700	700	7,000	77,470	6,070	71,400
22. Legal professions and studies	8,600	3,140	5,455	67,185	25,785	41,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	655	215	445	9,905	2,035	7,870
42. Psychology	9,210	2,635	6,575	57,335	14,030	43,305
45. Social sciences	15,530	7,490	8,045	116,255	59,245	57,015
Business, management and public administration	99,755	39,460	60,295	879,190	321,450	557,740
30.16 Accounting and computer science	155	45	110	815	300	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,835	1,275	4,555	47,715	10,490	37,225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	93,770	38,145	55,630	830,660	310,665	519,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	23,250	11,785	11,460	140,990	76,780	64,215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,170	4,020	5,155	49,705	20,900	28,805
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,500	2,455	3,050	23,210	13,865	9,350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	125	25	100	21,890	10,810	11,080
40. Physical sciences	6,835	4,550	2,285	39,060	27,545	11,515
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,615	740	870	7,120	3,660	3,465
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	19,315	11,950	7,365	152,105	104,850	47,255
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15,215	10,220	4,990	125,480	92,730	32,750
25. Library science	1,585	220	1,365	11,110	2,145	8,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,380	1,410	970	13,415	8,365	5,045
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	130	90	40	2,100	1,605	495
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	120,065	107,755	12,310	828,400	758,350	70,055
04. Architecture and related services	3,650	2,385	1,265	29,015	17,055	11,960
14. Engineering	31,285	25,565	5,720	150,450	124,585	25,865
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	22,935	20,045	2,890	150,640	135,445	15,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	60	20	40
46. Construction trades	26,825	25,740	1,085	185,385	179,995	5,390
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,515	19,820	695	184,280	178,510	5,770
48. Precision production	14,845	14,185	660	128,580	122,750	5,830
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,950	4,565	3,385	85,485	56,900	28,585
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,850	2,650	2,200	51,770	30,870	20,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,095	1,910	1,185	33,715	26,025	7,690
Health and related fields	78,780	16,085	62,700	480,230	95,450	384,780
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,925	2,325	2,600	27,955	14,675	13,280
51. Health professions and related programs	71,405	12,385	59,020	441,105	74,630	366,470
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,455	1,375	1,080	11,160	6,140	5,020
Personal, protective and transportation services	22,960	11,015	11,940	290,005	151,070	138,935
12. Personal and culinary services	14,155	4,235	9,920	164,595	43,720	120,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	40	0	290	270	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	260	240	25	1,345	1,245	100
43. Security and protective services	4,630	2,955	1,680	54,625	42,415	12,210
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,860	3,545	315	69,160	63,425	5,740
Other	45	30	20	1,055	375	680
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	30	20	1,055	375	675
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	598,755	299,640	299,110	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	199,805	102,565	97,240	1,389,585	720,500	669,085
Education	25,750	6,240	19,505	180,615	37,990	142,625
13. Education	25,750	6,240	19,505	180,615	37,990	142,625
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	12,090	5,350	6,745	122,045	55,575	66,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,110	1,475	635	19,510	13,740	5,770
50. Visual and performing arts	9,980	3,870	6,105	102,535	41,830	60,705
Humanities	17,435	7,130	10,310	138,330	54,580	83,750
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	2,095	600	1,495	25,220	5,455	19,765
23. English language and literature/letters	3,850	1,225	2,625	9,585	2,990	6,595
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,615	2,060	3,560	57,730	25,305	32,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	50	25	25	600	255	350
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,245	770	470	6,980	4,415	2,570
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,075	1,215	860	5,415	3,380	2,035
54. History	2,135	1,160	975	12,235	7,140	5,095
55. French language and literature/letters	365	70	295	20,555	5,640	14,915
Social and behavioural sciences and law	39,690	13,435	26,255	301,550	95,120	206,430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	670	165	505	3,550	925	2,620
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,085	1,705	2,380	40,275	13,900	26,370
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,320	575	5,750	63,120	4,295	58,825
22. Legal professions and studies	7,440	2,460	4,985	53,620	18,830	34,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	545	180	365	6,840	1,420	5,420
42. Psychology	7,440	2,060	5,385	44,540	10,255	34,285
45. Social sciences	13,180	6,300	6,880	89,610	45,495	44,110
Business, management and public administration	82,955	32,685	50,270	706,400	248,920	457,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	125	35	90	615	215	400
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,915	1,010	3,905	38,320	7,835	30,485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,910	31,640	46,275	667,470	240,870	426,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	18,145	8,910	9,235	92,480	49,390	43,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	7,250	3,105	4,145	40,895	16,635	24,260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,140	1,835	2,305	12,450	7,435	5,015
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	120	25	95	4,175	2,385	1,785
40. Physical sciences	5,395	3,430	1,970	29,705	20,255	9,445
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,240	525	720	5,255	2,675	2,580
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	16,985	10,575	6,410	132,750	91,865	40,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	13,785	9,260	4,525	112,715	83,240	29,470
25. Library science	1,250	190	1,055	8,720	1,665	7,055
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,855	1,060	795	9,725	5,815	3,915
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	100	65	35	1,585	1,150	440
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	97,730	87,050	10,675	639,185	577,845	61,335
04. Architecture and related services	2,940	1,850	1,095	24,260	13,870	10,385
14. Engineering	26,730	21,665	5,065	126,835	103,165	23,665
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	18,785	16,355	2,425	116,595	103,710	12,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	50	15	30
46. Construction trades	21,445	20,485	955	134,865	130,350	4,510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	16,010	15,440	570	139,935	135,155	4,780
48. Precision production	11,810	11,245	565	96,655	91,580	5,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,335	3,480	2,860	69,865	45,215	24,655
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	3,740	1,890	1,850	41,755	23,965	17,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,600	1,590	1,005	28,110	21,250	6,860
Health and related fields	63,455	13,210	50,250	368,600	72,245	296,355
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,965	1,910	2,060	22,660	11,635	11,030
51. Health professions and related programs	57,375	10,180	47,190	337,320	56,510	280,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	2,115	1,115	1,000	8,620	4,110	4,510
Personal, protective and transportation services	18,335	8,990	9,350	229,640	118,260	111,375
12. Personal and culinary services	11,060	3,405	7,655	129,245	32,830	96,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	10	225	200	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	170	145	20	875	795	80
43. Security and protective services	3,865	2,430	1,440	42,550	32,575	9,975
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,195	2,970	225	56,750	51,860	4,890
Other	40	25	10	890	300	595
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	25	10	890	300	595
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	852,990	423,745	429,250	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	362,575	180,245	182,335	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	490,420	243,495	246,920	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970
Location of study inside Canada	380,765	189,910	190,855	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880
Same as province or territory of residence	303,460	150,540	152,920	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270
Different than province or territory of residence	77,305	39,370	37,935	142,415	73,800	68,610
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	109,655	53,590	56,065	374,620	193,530	181,090
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	10,370	5,935	4,435	28,320	16,915	11,410
Philippines	23,635	9,205	14,435	12,515	3,600	8,920
India	17,830	9,080	8,750	6,805	3,660	3,150
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	6,770	3,895	2,870	11,250	6,535	4,715
China^{Census data footnote 162}	6,045	2,805	3,240	17,155	7,755	9,395
France	580	355	225	69,665	39,885	29,780
Other	44,425	22,315	22,110	228,905	115,185	113,725
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	598,750	299,640	299,110	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	199,805	102,565	97,240	1,389,590	720,505	669,085
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	398,945	197,075	201,870	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045
Location of study inside Canada	305,450	152,315	153,140	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780
Same as province or territory of residence	242,965	120,600	122,370	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280
Different than province or territory of residence	62,485	31,715	30,770	108,630	55,125	53,500
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	93,495	44,765	48,730	306,115	153,850	152,265
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,840	4,305	3,540	19,655	11,145	8,505
Philippines	21,745	8,390	13,360	10,545	2,935	7,610
India	15,820	7,900	7,915	4,865	2,465	2,400
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	4,555	2,650	1,910	7,390	4,245	3,145
China^{Census data footnote 162}	5,275	2,425	2,855	15,420	6,865	8,550
France	500	310	195	57,315	32,115	25,205
Other	37,755	18,790	18,970	190,930	94,085	96,850
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	852,995	423,740	429,250	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245
In the labour force	612,465	325,205	287,255	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Employed	560,535	294,450	266,090	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Unemployed	51,925	30,755	21,170	306,170	177,630	128,540
Not in the labour force	240,530	98,535	141,995	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480
Participation rate	71.8	76.7	66.9	64.1	67.9	60.5
Employment rate	65.7	69.5	62.0	59.5	62.5	56.7
Unemployment rate	8.5	9.5	7.4	7.2	8.0	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	852,990	423,745	429,250	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	219,690	88,800	130,885	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655
Worked	633,305	334,940	298,360	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	314,975	179,710	135,270	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	318,325	155,235	163,090	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.2	42.0	42.5	42.7	42.3
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	612,460	325,205	287,255	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	11,185	5,210	5,980	101,485	51,640	49,850
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	601,275	319,995	281,275	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915
Employee	545,570	284,175	261,395	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	55,700	35,820	19,880	489,090	299,355	189,730
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	612,460	325,205	287,255	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	11,190	5,210	5,980	101,490	51,640	49,850
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	601,275	319,995	281,275	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
0 Management occupations	60,760	37,515	23,245	418,450	263,585	154,875
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	96,625	28,310	68,315	677,390	210,525	466,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	46,750	36,555	10,195	286,270	222,375	63,895
3 Health occupations	46,665	9,655	37,005	295,765	57,160	238,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	67,275	23,810	43,465	502,945	147,145	355,795
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	14,860	6,320	8,545	135,730	64,370	71,365
6 Sales and service occupations	137,405	59,710	77,695	988,610	449,820	538,790
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	105,125	97,590	7,535	574,675	544,100	30,570
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	8,660	7,295	1,370	67,290	55,610	11,685
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,145	13,240	3,905	206,875	148,405	58,475
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	612,460	325,205	287,260	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	11,190	5,205	5,980	101,490	51,635	49,850
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	601,270	319,995	281,280	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,020	1,180	840	84,060	60,460	23,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	14,975	12,595	2,375	20,920	18,175	2,745
22 Utilities	5,755	3,985	1,765	28,410	20,650	7,755
23 Construction	65,885	56,315	9,570	254,055	223,770	30,285
31-33 Manufacturing	36,375	27,525	8,845	458,315	332,080	126,240
41 Wholesale trade	23,850	17,040	6,805	157,365	104,885	52,475
44-45 Retail trade	68,970	31,850	37,120	508,170	239,625	268,545
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	27,595	21,255	6,335	187,550	142,550	45,000
51 Information and cultural industries	9,700	5,555	4,145	100,775	59,705	41,070
52 Finance and insurance	21,030	7,795	13,235	165,140	66,175	98,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,885	6,740	5,140	61,380	36,505	24,875
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	43,990	25,335	18,650	288,715	161,030	127,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	830	360	475	3,305	1,270	2,035
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	23,545	13,765	9,775	176,185	108,280	67,905
61 Educational services	44,440	15,340	29,100	306,575	96,170	210,405
62 Health care and social assistance	73,385	13,740	59,645	532,680	99,380	433,295
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	11,375	5,640	5,735	84,130	44,235	39,895
72 Accommodation and food services	43,815	18,730	25,085	278,500	123,235	155,265
81 Other services (except public administration)	28,030	12,915	15,115	193,700	89,455	104,245
91 Public administration	43,820	22,315	21,505	264,085	135,455	128,630
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	560,540	294,445	266,090	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220
Worked at home	27,645	12,470	15,175	266,285	134,325	131,960
Worked outside Canada	1,440	960	485	10,600	7,580	3,020
No fixed workplace address	77,355	58,910	18,450	351,595	265,405	86,185
Worked at usual place	454,090	222,110	231,980	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	454,090	222,110	231,980	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	362,295	165,935	196,355	1,732,155	810,895	921,260
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	80,510	48,080	32,430	485,450	234,700	250,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,440	6,930	2,510	1,037,125	549,095	488,030
Commute to a different province or territory	1,845	1,170	680	66,125	35,110	31,015
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	531,450	281,020	250,430	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240
Car, truck, van - as a driver	398,410	224,510	173,900	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,915	10,555	17,355	133,760	51,045	82,715
Public transit	71,180	28,610	42,570	503,285	217,465	285,820
Walked	20,705	8,935	11,770	205,350	93,595	111,760
Bicycle	5,970	3,870	2,105	54,625	36,470	18,155
Other method	7,270	4,540	2,740	36,010	20,845	15,170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	531,450	281,020	250,430	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240
Less than 15 minutes	107,615	48,000	59,610	1,035,455	493,225	542,235
15 to 29 minutes	219,945	117,590	102,360	1,200,455	617,010	583,445
30 to 44 minutes	133,270	74,725	58,545	777,955	425,640	352,310
45 to 59 minutes	39,970	22,225	17,750	343,540	184,440	159,100
60 minutes and over	30,645	18,480	12,170	315,035	174,875	140,160
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	531,445	281,020	250,430	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	37,360	27,610	9,755	256,150	192,835	63,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	103,015	63,515	39,500	675,585	420,120	255,465
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	160,265	81,685	78,580	1,133,510	527,925	605,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	92,875	41,440	51,435	714,935	296,300	418,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	55,800	23,985	31,815	349,845	148,715	201,125
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	82,130	42,775	39,355	542,425	309,295	233,125
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	651,905	343,580	308,320	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655
Single responses	644,785	340,120	304,665	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385
Official languages	638,750	337,080	301,670	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420
English	636,670	336,330	300,345	541,720	294,935	246,780
French	2,075	750	1,325	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640
Non-official languages	6,035	3,040	2,995	34,160	17,190	16,970
Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	12,670	6,180	6,490
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	8,350	4,095	4,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	8,285	4,060	4,220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,100	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,800	840	960
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	210	105	100
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	35	20	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	5,145	2,515	2,630
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	20	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	45	15	25
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	30
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	4,305	2,080	2,220
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	4,290	2,075	2,215
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	6,030	3,035	2,990	21,490	11,005	10,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	500	295	200	1,895	1,125	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	15	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Cushitic languages	60	25	30	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	50	20	35	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	435	270	170	1,860	1,110	745
Amharic	35	15	20	0	0	0
Arabic	320	215	100	1,715	1,045	665
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	15	140	70	70
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	15	0	15	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	415	185	230	1,725	850	870
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	315	140	175
Vietnamese	405	180	225	1,410	710	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	310	175	135	135	65	70
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	10	10	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	290	165	120	115	50	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	0	275	90	190
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	265	90	175
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	150	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	10	10	10	145	75	70
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-European languages	2,040	1,070	970	10,165	5,255	4,910
Albanian	10	0	10	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	275	130	145
Balto-Slavic languages	285	145	140	1,130	500	635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	10	0
Slavic languages	290	145	140	1,115	495	625
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	10	0	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	55	20	30
Croatian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	115	60	55	170	65	105
Russian	70	25	45	735	340	395
Serbian	10	0	0	10	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slovak	20	10	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	70	40	25	110	35	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	60	20	35	1,285	575	715
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	10	15	10	0
Dutch	10	10	10	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	35	20	20	370	170	195
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	10	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	860	375	485
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	525	260	270
Indo-Iranian languages	1,250	700	545	1,385	780	600
Indo-Aryan languages	1,180	655	525	680	390	295
Bengali	15	0	10	110	70	35
Gujarati	65	10	50	20	0	10
Hindi	105	55	45	35	20	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	0	20	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	955	565	390	415	225	190
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	40	15	25	85	50	35
Iranian languages	65	50	25	700	395	305
Kurdish	15	15	0	15	0	15
Pashto	0	0	0	10	0	15
Persian (Farsi)	55	35	20	675	385	285
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	440	195	240	5,525	2,990	2,540
Catalan	0	0	0	15	0	15
Italian	15	0	10	590	315	275
Portuguese	45	25	20	635	365	270
Romanian	10	0	10	320	140	175
Spanish	385	175	210	3,975	2,165	1,810
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	30	10	25	235	80	150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Georgian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Korean	260	120	140	300	150	150
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	10	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	25	20	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	85	45	40	205	60	140
American Sign Language	70	30	40	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	125	20	110
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	20	0	70	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,280	1,080	1,200	6,070	3,125	2,945
Chinese languages	2,270	1,070	1,200	6,075	3,130	2,950
Cantonese	1,470	725	745	2,655	1,325	1,330
Hakka	10	10	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	690	305	385	3,100	1,630	1,465
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	70	40	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	30	50	235	130	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	110	40	75
Lao	0	0	0	55	25	30
Thai	0	0	10	55	10	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	45	20	25	110	60	50
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	40	20	20	110	55	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	40	10	40
Estonian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Finnish	0	10	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	0	35	0	35
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Multiple responses	7,115	3,460	3,655	341,900	182,635	159,265
English and French	1,605	775	825	315,620	169,365	146,255
English and non-official language	5,375	2,625	2,750	6,545	3,655	2,890
French and non-official language	20	10	10	7,525	3,460	4,065
English, French and non-official language	115	55	65	12,205	6,160	6,055
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	651,900	343,580	308,320	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655
None	622,550	328,930	293,615	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690
English	3,970	1,750	2,220	1,031,380	555,940	475,440
French	7,215	3,550	3,670	317,490	169,785	147,705
Non-official language	17,700	9,120	8,585	49,850	25,900	23,950
Aboriginal	220	75	145	4,985	2,285	2,705
Non-Aboriginal	17,485	9,045	8,440	44,865	23,620	21,245
English and French	0	0	0	2,185	1,040	1,140
English and non-official language	70	30	40	14,910	7,255	7,655
French and non-official language	395	205	190	6,855	3,795	3,055
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	65	50	20
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,028,280	513,200	515,075	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575
Non-movers	853,945	425,590	428,355	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195
Movers	174,330	87,605	86,725	914,800	450,420	464,380
Non-migrants	123,830	62,750	61,080	547,410	269,850	277,560
Migrants	50,500	24,860	25,640	367,385	180,565	186,820
Internal migrants	34,715	17,410	17,300	305,465	149,335	156,135
Intraprovincial migrants	22,175	11,125	11,055	284,280	137,945	146,330
Interprovincial migrants	12,535	6,290	6,245	21,190	11,385	9,805
External migrants	15,790	7,445	8,340	61,920	31,235	30,685
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	975,065	485,995	489,075	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805
Non-movers	513,435	253,770	259,665	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065
Movers	461,635	232,225	229,410	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740
Non-migrants	270,615	135,900	134,715	1,507,665	741,220	766,440
Migrants	191,015	96,320	94,695	1,187,425	584,125	603,295
Internal migrants	119,780	60,745	59,040	949,170	464,830	484,340
Intraprovincial migrants	59,780	29,395	30,380	893,800	436,525	457,270
Interprovincial migrants	60,005	31,340	28,660	55,370	28,300	27,070
External migrants	71,235	35,580	35,655	238,250	119,295	118,960

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 180 referrer

Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Quebec [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 7, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Quebec [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Quebec [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Edmonton [Population centre], Alberta and Quebec [Province]