Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Canada [Country]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Toronto Ontario [Population centre]			Canada [Country]
	Data quality , Toronto [Population centre], Ontario Map : Toronto [Population centre], Ontario Change geography 1			Data quality : Canada [Country] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	5,429,524	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	5,144,412 ^r	...	...	33,476,688	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.5	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	2,059,207	...	...	15,412,443	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,967,380	...	...	14,072,079	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,028.2	...	...	3.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,792.99	...	...	8,965,588.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	5,429,540	2,630,030	2,799,510	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530
0 to 14 years	886,880	455,160	431,725	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645
0 to 4 years	279,435	143,100	136,330	1,898,790	973,030	925,760
5 to 9 years	303,845	155,985	147,855	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445
10 to 14 years	303,605	156,065	147,540	1,922,645	985,200	937,445
15 to 64 years	3,752,140	1,824,300	1,927,840	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400
15 to 19 years	333,875	171,965	161,915	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940
20 to 24 years	383,245	195,315	187,930	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200
25 to 29 years	398,310	196,715	201,595	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515
30 to 34 years	388,955	187,000	201,955	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110
35 to 39 years	371,100	174,030	197,075	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730
40 to 44 years	377,095	177,105	199,985	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695
45 to 49 years	401,610	191,170	210,440	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210
50 to 54 years	419,655	204,850	214,810	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320
55 to 59 years	372,655	180,855	191,795	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055
60 to 64 years	305,640	145,295	160,345	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630
65 years and over	790,515	350,565	439,945	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485
65 to 69 years	257,495	121,000	136,495	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405
70 to 74 years	180,655	83,640	97,015	1,420,875	677,975	742,900
75 to 79 years	140,090	62,395	77,705	1,021,850	469,550	552,300
80 to 84 years	104,975	45,295	59,685	749,650	325,765	423,880
85 years and over	107,290	38,240	69,050	770,780	268,790	501,990
85 to 89 years	67,280	26,150	41,130	482,525	185,535	296,990
90 to 94 years	31,290	9,890	21,400	223,510	68,675	154,835
95 to 99 years	7,520	1,985	5,540	56,525	13,240	43,280
100 years and over	1,195	220	980	8,230	1,340	6,890
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.3	15.4	16.6	17.3	15.9
15 to 64 years	69.1	69.4	68.9	66.5	67.1	66.0
65 years and over	14.6	13.3	15.7	16.9	15.6	18.1
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.5	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	39.8	38.7	40.7	41.0	40.1	41.9
Median age of the population	39.4	38.1	40.4	41.2	40.2	42.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,967,380	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Single-detached house	721,585	...	...	7,541,495	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	622,945	...	...	1,391,040	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	622,360	...	...	4,949,795	...	...
Semi-detached house	148,745	...	...	698,800	...	...
Row house	178,590	...	...	891,305	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	85,880	...	...	784,300	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	205,820	...	...	2,539,390	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,320	...	...	36,005	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	495	...	...	189,755	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,967,380	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 person	492,315	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
2 persons	547,370	...	...	4,834,605	...	...
3 persons	343,060	...	...	2,140,640	...	...
4 persons	340,325	...	...	1,946,275	...	...
5 or more persons	244,310	...	...	1,180,770	...	...
Number of persons in private households	5,370,520	...	...	34,460,060	...	...
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	4,542,655	2,174,870	2,367,785	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885
Married or living common law	2,503,410	1,251,495	1,251,915	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585
Married	2,243,340	1,119,090	1,124,250	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990
Living common law	260,075	132,405	127,665	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590
Not married and not living common law	2,039,245	923,375	1,115,870	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300
Never married	1,439,665	744,990	694,675	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915
Separated	119,725	46,900	72,830	718,295	309,905	408,400
Divorced	253,000	90,060	162,945	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470
Widowed	226,850	41,430	185,420	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,481,755	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
2 persons	623,865	...	...	5,007,790	...	...
3 persons	365,285	...	...	2,107,830	...	...
4 persons	353,935	...	...	1,909,935	...	...
5 or more persons	138,675	...	...	815,170	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,481,755	...	...	9,840,730	...	...
Total couple families	1,208,530	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Married couples	1,078,590	...	...	6,474,005	...	...
Common-law couples	129,945	...	...	1,753,920	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	273,230	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
Female parent	227,295	...	...	1,262,340	...	...
Male parent	45,930	...	...	350,465	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,208,530	...	...	8,227,925	...	...
Couples without children	461,640	...	...	4,024,305	...	...
Couples with children	746,890	...	...	4,203,615	...	...
1 child	286,260	...	...	1,650,165	...	...
2 children	330,465	...	...	1,783,080	...	...
3 or more children	130,170	...	...	770,375	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	273,225	...	...	1,612,805	...	...
1 child	162,225	...	...	983,485	...	...
2 children	79,025	...	...	457,670	...	...
3 or more children	31,980	...	...	171,655	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	875,705	394,065	481,640	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,967,380	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
One-census-family households	1,299,140	...	...	9,218,225	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	391,905	...	...	3,782,095	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	907,235	...	...	5,436,135	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	87,660	...	...	301,715	...	...
Non-census-family households	580,575	...	...	4,552,135	...	...
One-person households	492,310	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	88,265	...	...	582,350	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080
English only	4,700,275	2,324,460	2,375,810	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455
French only	4,635	1,940	2,695	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840
English and French	431,595	187,195	244,400	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740
Neither English nor French	252,930	100,320	152,610	648,970	265,920	383,045
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
English	5,023,255	2,461,895	2,561,360	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165
French	66,870	30,880	35,990	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650
English and French	49,885	22,535	27,355	417,485	209,130	208,355
Neither English nor French	249,425	98,610	150,810	636,515	259,600	376,910
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	91,815	42,145	49,670	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.7	1.6	1.8	22.8	22.7	22.8
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085
Single responses	5,163,885	2,504,960	2,658,915	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775
Official languages	2,749,615	1,362,280	1,387,335	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940
English	2,690,050	1,334,640	1,355,410	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725
French	59,565	27,640	31,930	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215
Non-official languages	2,414,265	1,142,680	1,271,580	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840
Aboriginal languages	530	235	295	195,700	94,795	100,900
Algonquian languages	365	160	200	130,450	62,930	67,520
Blackfoot	10	5	0	2,815	1,325	1,490
Cree-Montagnais languages	100	35	65	88,445	42,920	45,530
Atikamekw	5	0	0	6,150	3,135	3,015
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	10,230	4,885	5,350
Moose Cree	10	5	5	100	50	55
Naskapi	5	0	5	1,205	590	620
Northern East Cree	5	0	0	315	125	190
Plains Cree	5	0	5	3,065	1,360	1,710
Southern East Cree	0	0	5	45	20	25
Swampy Cree	25	5	15	1,440	585	850
Woods Cree	5	5	0	1,840	865	975
Cree, n.o.s.	50	15	35	64,050	31,305	32,745
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	10	15	6,990	3,310	3,680
Malecite	0	0	0	305	140	160
Mi'kmaq	25	10	15	6,690	3,170	3,520
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	225	105	120	32,150	15,350	16,800
Algonquin	5	0	5	1,260	590	670
Ojibway	195	95	100	17,890	8,440	9,450
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	12,855	6,260	6,595
Ottawa (Odawa)	10	0	10	150	65	85
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	45	25	20
Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	17,365	8,325	9,045
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	10	17,315	8,310	9,010
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	60
Beaver	0	0	0	190	85	105
Carrier	5	5	0	1,025	465	565
Chilcotin	0	0	0	660	295	360
Dene	5	5	0	10,700	5,185	5,515
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	5	0	1,645	840	815
Gwich'in	0	0	0	260	110	145
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	0	80	25	50
Sekani	0	0	0	90	45	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	1,995	950	1,045
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	765	365	400
South Slavey	0	0	0	945	455	495
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	280	130	150
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	270	135	140
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	180	90	90
Tahltan	0	0	0	95	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	290	120	170
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	215	90	135
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	30	40
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	50	20	35
Haida	5	0	0	75	35	40
Inuit languages	35	15	25	36,545	18,100	18,445
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,025	445	575
Inuktitut	30	15	20	35,215	17,530	17,680
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	315	125	185
Iroquoian languages	20	5	15	1,115	485	635
Cayuga	0	0	0	45	20	20
Mohawk	15	5	10	980	430	555
Oneida	0	0	0	55	20	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Kutenai	0	0	0	105	55	55
Michif	5	0	5	465	230	235
Salish languages	0	5	0	2,305	1,130	1,180
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	5	475	225	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	155
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	445	225	220
Squamish	0	0	0	40	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	335	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	135	125
Siouan languages	0	5	0	4,285	2,070	2,220
Dakota	0	0	0	1,215	570	635
Stoney	0	0	0	3,025	1,465	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25
Tlingit	0	0	0	95	40	55
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	1,480	730	755
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	880	435	445
Nisga'a	0	0	0	400	200	200
Tsimshian	0	0	0	200	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	805	370	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	50
Heiltsuk	5	0	0	95	40	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	325	145	185
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	5	0	285	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	75	40	40	585	295	295
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,413,740	1,142,445	1,271,290	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945
Afro-Asiatic languages	134,720	67,180	67,540	575,365	298,060	277,300
Berber languages	210	120	85	22,135	11,865	10,270
Kabyle	100	50	45	13,150	6,995	6,155
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110	70	40	8,985	4,865	4,115
Cushitic languages	14,355	6,170	8,185	42,885	20,095	22,790
Bilen	75	45	35	805	455	350
Oromo	1,000	490	515	4,960	2,560	2,400
Somali	13,210	5,605	7,610	36,755	16,895	19,865
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	365	195	170
Semitic languages	119,800	60,705	59,100	509,190	265,465	243,725
Amharic	7,410	3,350	4,060	22,465	10,720	11,745
Arabic	81,030	41,680	39,345	419,890	220,785	199,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	9,715	4,745	4,970	16,070	7,910	8,160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,760	880	875	5,545	2,780	2,770
Harari	925	440	485	1,320	635	685
Hebrew	10,220	5,460	4,760	19,530	10,480	9,045
Maltese	3,225	1,585	1,640	5,565	2,765	2,800
Tigrigna	4,690	2,145	2,545	16,650	8,310	8,340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	835	415	415	2,155	1,085	1,070
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	185	170	1,155	635	520
Austro-Asiatic languages	49,620	22,650	26,970	176,725	81,810	94,920
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,850	1,285	1,570	20,130	9,270	10,860
Vietnamese	46,705	21,345	25,365	156,425	72,470	83,955
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	60	25	40	170	65	100
Austronesian languages	156,930	62,290	94,640	511,480	211,580	299,900
Bikol	455	200	255	1,790	790	1,000
Cebuano	4,960	1,980	2,980	19,890	7,930	11,960
Fijian	55	25	25	745	400	345
Hiligaynon	2,260	865	1,390	6,885	2,680	4,205
Ilocano	9,290	3,630	5,660	26,345	10,620	15,720
Malagasy	25	10	15	1,430	665	760
Malay	4,235	1,910	2,325	12,275	5,255	7,020
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,245	560	685	4,040	1,865	2,175
Pangasinan	455	185	270	1,390	590	800
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	132,655	52,415	80,230	431,380	178,575	252,810
Waray-Waray	310	100	205	1,110	430	675
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	995	400	595	4,195	1,770	2,425
Creole languages	5,370	2,505	2,870	72,125	32,310	39,820
Haitian Creole	200	95	105	3,030	1,445	1,590
Creole, n.o.s.	3,300	1,555	1,750	64,105	28,455	35,660
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,870	850	1,015	4,985	2,410	2,575
Dravidian languages	128,815	63,390	65,420	189,405	94,765	94,640
Kannada	1,955	980	975	3,970	2,040	1,935
Malayalam	12,100	6,220	5,880	28,570	14,770	13,800
Tamil	105,815	51,355	54,455	140,720	69,080	71,640
Telugu	8,680	4,710	3,970	15,655	8,640	7,020
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	135	490	240	250
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	795	395	405
Indo-European languages	1,297,780	627,740	670,040	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930
Albanian	12,905	6,435	6,470	26,890	13,610	13,285
Armenian	12,190	5,880	6,310	33,455	16,270	17,185
Balto-Slavic languages	247,160	113,045	134,115	701,975	323,640	378,340
Baltic languages	5,180	2,060	3,120	12,530	5,315	7,215
Latvian	2,130	855	1,280	5,455	2,350	3,105
Lithuanian	3,045	1,210	1,840	7,075	2,965	4,115
Slavic languages	241,985	110,985	131,000	689,450	318,325	371,115
Belarusan	350	165	185	810	385	430
Bosnian	2,655	1,285	1,365	12,210	6,035	6,180
Bulgarian	6,735	3,245	3,490	20,025	9,675	10,345
Croatian	14,560	6,925	7,640	48,200	23,540	24,665
Czech	4,455	2,075	2,380	22,290	10,525	11,765
Macedonian	11,265	5,345	5,920	16,775	8,050	8,725
Polish	64,390	29,060	35,330	181,710	82,435	99,275
Russian	80,190	36,365	43,825	188,255	85,400	102,855
Serbian	20,780	10,105	10,675	57,350	28,535	28,815
Serbo-Croatian	2,355	1,100	1,255	9,555	4,565	4,985
Slovak	4,910	2,285	2,625	17,580	8,075	9,510
Slovene (Slovenian)	3,385	1,465	1,915	9,790	4,415	5,370
Ukrainian	25,480	11,325	14,155	102,485	45,440	57,040
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	465	240	230	2,415	1,255	1,165
Celtic languages	410	190	220	2,690	1,335	1,360
Scottish Gaelic	150	65	80	1,090	540	550
Welsh	125	50	75	1,075	495	575
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	135	70	60	530	295	235
Germanic languages	39,530	17,780	21,745	538,765	258,410	280,350
Afrikaans	885	430	455	10,265	5,115	5,145
Danish	1,270	565	705	12,630	6,245	6,390
Dutch	6,765	3,165	3,600	99,020	48,200	50,820
Frisian	100	45	55	2,100	1,095	1,005
German	25,400	11,270	14,130	384,035	183,215	200,820
Icelandic	85	40	40	1,285	600	685
Norwegian	345	155	190	4,615	2,170	2,445
Swedish	1,045	445	595	6,840	3,015	3,825
Vlaams (Flemish)	250	90	155	3,895	1,730	2,165
Yiddish	3,335	1,545	1,795	13,555	6,750	6,800
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	525	280	240
Greek	39,575	19,195	20,380	106,525	53,350	53,170
Indo-Iranian languages	567,140	285,560	281,580	1,312,750	664,120	648,630
Indo-Aryan languages	456,675	230,085	226,585	1,064,760	538,530	526,235
Bengali	37,850	19,030	18,815	73,125	37,410	35,720
Gujarati	62,495	31,320	31,175	108,780	55,105	53,670
Hindi	46,605	23,420	23,190	110,640	55,880	54,765
Kashmiri	260	135	125	565	300	265
Konkani	2,105	995	1,110	3,330	1,625	1,710
Marathi	4,350	2,215	2,140	8,295	4,300	3,995
Nepali	4,605	2,315	2,290	18,275	9,230	9,045
Oriya (Odia)	570	310	265	1,055	560	495
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165,565	84,145	81,415	501,680	253,515	248,160
Sindhi	5,585	2,605	2,980	11,860	5,605	6,260
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,580	3,660	3,920	16,335	8,050	8,285
Urdu	119,105	59,940	59,165	210,815	106,960	103,860
Iranian languages	108,615	54,495	54,125	242,805	122,835	119,970
Kurdish	2,710	1,515	1,195	11,705	6,345	5,355
Pashto	7,425	3,820	3,605	16,910	8,760	8,145
Persian (Farsi)	98,475	49,155	49,325	214,200	107,725	106,470
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,850	980	865	5,180	2,755	2,425
Italic (Romance) languages	378,865	179,655	199,210	1,154,270	558,660	595,615
Catalan	160	85	75	865	440	425
Italian	137,515	65,390	72,125	375,635	184,415	191,220
Portuguese	97,295	46,505	50,790	221,540	106,630	114,910
Romanian	23,740	11,070	12,670	96,665	46,195	50,470
Spanish	119,935	56,500	63,440	458,850	220,605	238,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	220	100	120	720	380	340
Japanese	9,440	3,285	6,150	43,640	14,790	28,855
Kartvelian languages	1,100	590	510	1,715	910	805
Georgian	1,100	590	510	1,715	910	805
Korean	53,940	24,750	29,190	153,425	70,310	83,115
Mongolic languages	345	160	190	1,575	690	885
Mongolian	345	155	190	1,575	690	880
Niger-Congo languages	23,670	11,085	12,580	91,375	45,075	46,305
Akan (Twi)	8,365	3,850	4,515	13,455	6,490	6,970
Bamanankan	55	25	30	1,535	815	720
Edo	1,015	410	605	1,670	770	900
Ewe	360	180	180	1,760	950	805
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	220	115	105	2,825	1,495	1,335
Ga	430	195	235	920	445	470
Ganda	500	240	265	1,295	625	665
Igbo	1,495	765	735	4,235	2,265	1,970
Lingala	375	175	195	3,810	1,785	2,025
Rundi (Kirundi)	350	165	185	5,845	2,785	3,060
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	375	165	205	5,250	2,355	2,895
Shona	655	305	340	3,180	1,520	1,665
Swahili	3,160	1,475	1,690	13,370	6,385	6,990
Wolof	160	85	75	3,990	2,170	1,820
Yoruba	3,265	1,650	1,610	9,085	4,785	4,300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,885	1,285	1,600	19,135	9,435	9,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	185	155	5,870	3,025	2,845
Dinka	45	25	15	2,120	1,115	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	295	160	135	3,755	1,910	1,840
Sign languages	1,060	585	485	7,500	3,925	3,575
American Sign Language	360	195	165	2,685	1,320	1,360
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	695	340	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	700	385	315	4,120	2,265	1,860
Sino-Tibetan languages	507,190	235,560	271,630	1,269,215	589,570	679,645
Chinese languages	500,745	232,420	268,320	1,253,360	581,650	671,715
Cantonese	242,915	112,790	130,125	565,270	262,865	302,405
Hakka	6,385	2,865	3,525	10,910	4,900	6,015
Mandarin	223,015	103,800	119,215	592,040	274,630	317,410
Min Dong	760	365	395	1,230	580	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,360	5,250	6,115	31,795	14,450	17,350
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,220	2,345	2,875	12,915	5,780	7,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,895	4,915	5,980	38,580	18,165	20,410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	190	95	95	610	275	335
Tibeto-Burman languages	6,445	3,140	3,305	15,850	7,925	7,935
Burmese	995	445	550	3,585	1,795	1,790
Karenic languages	270	130	140	4,705	2,355	2,350
Tibetan	4,855	2,395	2,460	6,165	3,080	3,080
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	330	170	160	1,400	695	705
Tai-Kadai languages	3,660	1,495	2,175	22,010	8,870	13,145
Lao	2,090	1,010	1,075	12,670	6,145	6,525
Thai	1,555	475	1,080	9,255	2,690	6,565
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	5	15	80	35	55
Turkic languages	16,295	8,475	7,810	40,140	21,120	19,025
Azerbaijani	1,590	855	740	3,260	1,785	1,470
Turkish	13,345	6,965	6,375	32,815	17,375	15,440
Uyghur	370	185	190	1,035	510	525
Uzbek	580	295	290	1,715	855	865
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	400	180	220	1,315	590	720
Uralic languages	22,500	10,030	12,465	81,985	37,790	44,195
Estonian	2,505	1,025	1,485	5,445	2,325	3,115
Finnish	2,135	845	1,290	15,295	6,395	8,900
Hungarian	17,855	8,160	9,690	61,235	29,060	32,175
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	935	480	455	3,690	2,045	1,645
Multiple responses	225,555	108,955	116,600	818,635	398,325	420,305
English and French	13,775	6,385	7,395	165,320	80,460	84,860
English and non-official language	199,835	97,180	102,650	533,265	259,160	274,100
French and non-official language	5,810	2,620	3,185	86,150	42,170	43,985
English, French and non-official language	6,135	2,770	3,370	33,900	16,535	17,365
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	5,389,430	2,613,915	2,775,520	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085
Single responses	4,852,000	2,355,300	2,496,695	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395
Official languages	3,440,400	1,687,780	1,752,620	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645
English	3,412,630	1,674,945	1,737,680	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730
French	27,770	12,830	14,940	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910
Non-official languages	1,411,600	667,525	744,070	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750
Aboriginal languages	155	75	75	118,470	59,720	58,750
Algonquian languages	75	40	35	75,080	37,825	37,260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,115	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	25	15	10	55,825	28,135	27,685
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,465	2,825	2,640
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	8,590	4,195	4,395
Moose Cree	0	5	0	10	5	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,200	595	605
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	110	55	60
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,350	665	685
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	20	5	15
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	330	140	190
Woods Cree	0	0	0	800	410	390
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	37,945	19,240	18,710
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	3,615	1,795	1,820
Malecite	0	0	0	55	30	30
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	3,560	1,770	1,795
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	20	20	14,525	7,335	7,190
Algonquin	0	0	0	370	170	200
Ojibway	35	20	15	6,175	3,165	3,015
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	7,900	3,960	3,940
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	5	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	10,265	5,125	5,135
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	10,255	5,120	5,135
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	50	30	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	115	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	255	125	130
Dene	5	0	5	7,710	3,805	3,905
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	1,020	550	475
Gwich'in	5	5	0	45	25	25
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	5	10	5	5
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	820	425	395
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	340	180	155
South Slavey	0	0	0	370	190	185
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	55	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	5	5
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	15	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	15	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	0
Inuit languages	10	5	5	29,490	14,995	14,495
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	165	75	90
Inuktitut	10	10	0	29,230	14,885	14,345
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	55
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	285	135	155
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mohawk	5	0	0	255	115	140
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	0	0	0	85	40	45
Salish languages	0	0	5	285	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	45	20	25
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	55	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	20	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	25	15	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,225	1,085	1,140
Dakota	0	0	0	255	140	120
Stoney	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	410	210	190
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	315	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	15
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	45	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	50	25	25	235	110	125
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,411,445	667,445	743,995	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995
Afro-Asiatic languages	71,690	34,320	37,370	307,755	153,275	154,480
Berber languages	60	30	25	8,105	4,215	3,895
Kabyle	30	15	15	5,490	2,855	2,640
Berber languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	2,620	1,365	1,260
Cushitic languages	8,365	3,525	4,840	27,095	12,455	14,640
Bilen	40	20	25	620	330	285
Oromo	545	255	295	3,410	1,700	1,710
Somali	7,750	3,240	4,510	22,895	10,340	12,555
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	185	85	95
Semitic languages	63,080	30,675	32,405	272,100	136,390	135,720
Amharic	3,805	1,675	2,130	12,780	6,010	6,770
Arabic	43,100	21,220	21,885	223,540	112,690	110,850
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	6,540	3,140	3,405	10,510	5,090	5,425
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	1,055	520	535	3,445	1,695	1,750
Harari	515	240	280	735	335	400
Hebrew	4,320	2,220	2,100	8,560	4,425	4,135
Maltese	835	380	455	1,130	525	605
Tigrigna	2,465	1,080	1,385	10,205	5,040	5,170
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	430	205	230	1,200	585	620
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	440	215	230
Austro-Asiatic languages	32,635	14,890	17,745	115,210	53,500	61,710
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,555	675	880	10,880	4,940	5,945
Vietnamese	31,045	14,200	16,840	104,245	48,525	55,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	15	20	85	40	45
Austronesian languages	71,195	30,350	40,850	239,785	108,110	131,680
Bikol	80	35	45	290	140	155
Cebuano	1,850	800	1,055	7,210	3,325	3,880
Fijian	10	5	5	195	105	90
Hiligaynon	755	325	435	2,205	970	1,240
Ilocano	3,400	1,455	1,940	9,125	4,045	5,080
Malagasy	10	5	10	435	220	210
Malay	1,380	670	715	3,620	1,710	1,910
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	385	175	210	1,200	565	630
Pangasinan	80	35	40	240	110	135
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	62,885	26,685	36,200	213,790	96,235	117,555
Waray-Waray	75	30	45	310	135	170
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	1,160	545	620
Creole languages	2,790	1,290	1,505	27,860	12,005	15,850
Haitian Creole	120	55	65	1,280	575	705
Creole, n.o.s.	1,915	885	1,030	24,575	10,510	14,060
Creole languages, n.i.e.	760	350	410	2,005	920	1,085
Dravidian languages	85,480	41,250	44,230	122,490	59,780	62,710
Kannada	805	405	400	1,630	825	800
Malayalam	6,220	3,175	3,045	15,440	7,865	7,575
Tamil	73,640	35,095	38,550	96,955	46,570	50,385
Telugu	4,720	2,535	2,185	8,280	4,430	3,850
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	190	85	105
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	5	340	160	180
Indo-European languages	695,550	333,855	361,695	1,911,215	927,225	983,985
Albanian	6,225	3,115	3,110	13,135	6,575	6,560
Armenian	7,350	3,475	3,875	21,505	10,165	11,345
Balto-Slavic languages	129,425	60,445	68,980	314,965	149,315	165,650
Baltic languages	1,600	660	935	3,275	1,400	1,870
Latvian	575	235	340	1,255	530	725
Lithuanian	1,025	430	595	2,020	870	1,150
Slavic languages	127,825	59,780	68,045	311,690	147,910	163,780
Belarusan	125	60	60	230	105	120
Bosnian	1,300	630	675	6,045	3,010	3,040
Bulgarian	3,775	1,840	1,935	11,985	5,835	6,150
Croatian	5,360	2,565	2,800	16,775	7,980	8,795
Czech	1,345	650	695	6,235	3,060	3,180
Macedonian	4,745	2,250	2,495	6,830	3,250	3,580
Polish	31,135	14,470	16,660	74,780	34,910	39,870
Russian	51,855	24,065	27,785	116,595	55,175	61,425
Serbian	11,975	5,800	6,175	31,750	15,665	16,085
Serbo-Croatian	915	430	490	3,885	1,865	2,020
Slovak	2,185	1,065	1,120	5,615	2,685	2,920
Slovene (Slovenian)	825	355	475	2,050	905	1,145
Ukrainian	12,150	5,545	6,605	28,250	13,150	15,100
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	130	55	75	670	310	360
Celtic languages	60	30	25	360	205	155
Scottish Gaelic	25	10	10	185	105	80
Welsh	10	10	5	95	50	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	80	50	30
Germanic languages	4,725	2,150	2,580	146,455	71,835	74,615
Afrikaans	250	110	135	4,790	2,355	2,435
Danish	120	50	65	855	410	445
Dutch	550	255	295	9,565	4,630	4,935
Frisian	5	0	5	185	95	90
German	3,145	1,410	1,735	120,335	58,905	61,435
Icelandic	20	5	15	270	120	150
Norwegian	40	15	20	345	145	200
Swedish	215	100	115	1,045	500	545
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	10	355	170	185
Yiddish	350	175	175	7,080	3,695	3,385
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	1,625	820	810
Greek	16,600	7,760	8,845	44,545	21,110	23,440
Indo-Iranian languages	355,150	175,850	179,300	838,755	416,960	421,795
Indo-Aryan languages	282,005	140,240	141,765	676,185	337,440	338,745
Bengali	24,325	12,005	12,325	47,350	23,585	23,765
Gujarati	37,390	18,335	19,060	64,150	31,740	32,405
Hindi	23,355	11,620	11,735	55,510	27,805	27,710
Kashmiri	45	20	25	135	70	70
Konkani	430	205	225	720	355	370
Marathi	1,955	1,005	950	3,780	1,940	1,840
Nepali	3,040	1,540	1,500	13,375	6,710	6,670
Oriya (Odia)	270	135	140	470	235	240
Punjabi (Panjabi)	112,680	56,685	55,995	349,145	174,905	174,240
Sindhi	2,405	1,100	1,310	4,975	2,280	2,695
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,440	1,685	1,760	7,790	3,860	3,925
Urdu	72,660	35,910	36,745	128,785	63,965	64,820
Iranian languages	72,405	35,235	37,170	160,195	78,310	81,880
Kurdish	1,440	780	660	6,580	3,400	3,175
Pashto	4,695	2,355	2,340	10,590	5,305	5,290
Persian (Farsi)	66,275	32,095	34,175	143,020	69,600	73,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	740	375	360	2,375	1,215	1,160
Italic (Romance) languages	176,010	81,040	94,970	531,485	251,050	280,440
Catalan	80	40	40	355	165	190
Italian	48,970	20,920	28,055	115,415	49,975	65,440
Portuguese	48,110	23,050	25,055	98,710	46,915	51,795
Romanian	11,610	5,390	6,225	53,320	25,795	27,525
Spanish	67,175	31,610	35,565	263,510	128,110	135,400
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	180	85	95
Japanese	4,480	1,915	2,565	19,785	8,265	11,515
Kartvelian languages	745	405	335	1,040	565	475
Georgian	740	405	340	1,035	565	475
Korean	37,770	17,625	20,140	109,705	51,385	58,320
Mongolic languages	200	105	100	910	440	470
Mongolian	205	105	100	910	435	470
Niger-Congo languages	8,870	3,960	4,905	28,665	13,340	15,320
Akan (Twi)	4,015	1,740	2,280	5,990	2,695	3,295
Bamanankan	15	5	10	340	180	160
Edo	295	120	175	415	175	240
Ewe	90	40	50	410	185	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	75	35	40	825	400	425
Ga	145	65	80	250	105	140
Ganda	150	70	85	345	160	185
Igbo	410	205	205	1,000	485	510
Lingala	90	40	55	1,045	455	590
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	60	65	2,110	990	1,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	50	65	1,530	670	865
Shona	225	105	115	1,035	475	560
Swahili	1,230	540	685	5,370	2,500	2,870
Wolof	75	45	35	1,380	745	635
Yoruba	1,070	515	555	2,615	1,275	1,340
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	730	330	400	4,010	1,850	2,160
Nilo-Saharan languages	85	45	45	2,650	1,305	1,350
Dinka	10	5	5	1,130	580	550
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	1,525	730	800
Sign languages	1,660	965	700	10,445	5,870	4,570
American Sign Language	555	295	260	3,015	1,560	1,460
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	730	375	355
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,105	660	440	6,690	3,935	2,755
Sino-Tibetan languages	378,605	177,030	201,575	924,720	433,530	491,190
Chinese languages	374,020	174,765	199,255	913,365	427,860	485,505
Cantonese	179,480	82,480	97,000	400,215	184,340	215,885
Hakka	2,675	1,215	1,465	4,080	1,820	2,265
Mandarin	176,695	84,105	92,590	462,890	220,075	242,815
Min Dong	240	105	135	345	150	195
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,980	2,280	2,700	13,965	6,345	7,625
Wu (Shanghainese)	3,090	1,450	1,640	7,650	3,580	4,075
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,775	3,100	3,675	23,935	11,440	12,500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	85	35	45	280	130	150
Tibeto-Burman languages	4,585	2,260	2,325	11,350	5,670	5,680
Burmese	570	260	305	2,245	1,115	1,125
Karenic languages	210	105	110	3,865	1,935	1,930
Tibetan	3,700	1,835	1,860	4,590	2,305	2,280
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	655	305	345
Tai-Kadai languages	1,530	715	810	9,565	4,455	5,110
Lao	970	470	495	6,175	2,995	3,180
Thai	550	240	305	3,360	1,450	1,915
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	0	5	30	15	15
Turkic languages	9,285	4,650	4,635	22,250	11,205	11,045
Azerbaijani	640	325	315	1,245	640	610
Turkish	7,975	3,980	3,995	18,955	9,525	9,430
Uyghur	215	110	100	610	315	290
Uzbek	310	165	145	990	505	490
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	145	70	75	455	230	225
Uralic languages	8,560	3,920	4,640	23,245	10,715	12,535
Estonian	630	230	395	975	365	610
Finnish	415	180	240	2,790	1,220	1,565
Hungarian	7,515	3,505	4,010	19,485	9,125	10,355
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	320	165	155	1,110	605	500
Multiple responses	537,435	258,615	278,825	1,663,390	802,695	860,690
English and French	12,185	5,585	6,600	160,185	77,940	82,235
English and non-official language	512,690	247,515	265,170	1,284,975	620,375	664,600
French and non-official language	2,330	1,030	1,300	148,915	70,915	78,000
English, French and non-official language	10,240	4,485	5,750	69,315	33,465	35,850
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	5,389,435	2,613,915	2,775,520	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080
None	4,059,895	1,975,765	2,084,135	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065
English	573,230	280,980	292,255	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120
French	48,015	20,920	27,090	731,095	342,245	388,855
Non-official language	683,225	324,520	358,710	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750
Aboriginal	435	185	250	90,740	42,890	47,850
Non-Aboriginal	682,790	324,330	358,460	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895
English and French	3,820	1,765	2,055	47,970	23,785	24,190
English and non-official language	13,105	6,410	6,695	61,075	30,045	31,030
French and non-official language	7,895	3,445	4,455	48,755	22,690	26,065
English, French and non-official language	250	115	135	2,080	1,075	1,010
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	4,485,350	2,151,700	2,333,645	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,254,740	2,041,845	2,212,895	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,014	35,486	27,686	34,204	40,782	28,860
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,255,435	2,042,025	2,213,410	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,692	32,291	25,941	30,866	35,933	26,621
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,735,375	1,836,390	1,898,990	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,152	37,338	27,784	32,762	39,925	26,613
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,068,395	1,352,495	1,715,905	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	2,123	998	3,741	5,453	4,199	6,136
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,153,650	1,595,810	1,557,845	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,317	38,641	30,510	33,684	39,836	28,474
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	4,485,725	2,151,900	2,333,830	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,255,475	2,041,985	2,213,490	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,118	59,794	41,191	47,487	56,740	38,632
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,256,160	2,042,200	2,213,965	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,278	46,588	34,458	38,977	45,404	32,828
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,735,945	1,836,465	1,899,480	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,862	62,449	41,625	46,885	56,803	36,962
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,068,135	1,352,300	1,715,830	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	6,363	5,481	7,058	7,738	7,345	8,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,153,965	1,596,085	1,557,885	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	51,662	60,906	42,192	46,057	54,369	37,193
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	4,485,730	2,151,895	2,333,830	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,488,180	818,260	669,925	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,941	60,166	51,725	53,431	59,326	47,420
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	74,842	84,302	63,286	65,997	74,289	55,510
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	90.8	93.9	86.7	88.3	91.6	83.7
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.3	79.6	72.0	72.0	75.2	67.7
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	9.2	6.1	13.3	11.7	8.4	16.3
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	4,485,350	2,151,700	2,333,645	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without total income	230,610	109,860	120,750	1,154,450	546,285	608,165
With total income	4,254,740	2,041,845	2,212,895	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195
Percentage with total income	94.9	94.9	94.8	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	763,555	347,080	416,480	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655
$10,000 to $19,999	770,435	327,705	442,735	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785
$20,000 to $29,999	545,305	236,955	308,355	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505
$30,000 to $39,999	426,865	193,445	233,420	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510
$40,000 to $49,999	371,190	172,520	198,670	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480
$50,000 to $59,999	294,250	143,010	151,240	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090
$60,000 to $69,999	231,875	119,655	112,220	1,655,070	938,755	716,310
$70,000 to $79,999	181,995	98,550	83,450	1,271,850	745,830	526,015
$80,000 to $89,999	144,615	80,165	64,445	966,885	579,290	387,590
$90,000 to $99,999	122,530	65,300	57,230	749,290	452,240	297,050
$100,000 and over	402,130	257,465	144,665	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195
$100,000 to $149,999	244,815	148,925	95,890	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365
$150,000 and over	157,310	108,540	48,770	773,025	579,190	193,830
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	4,485,345	2,151,705	2,333,645	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360
Without after-tax income	229,915	109,680	120,235	1,143,795	541,620	602,175
With after-tax income	4,255,435	2,042,025	2,213,415	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175
Percentage with after-tax income	94.9	94.9	94.8	96.0	96.1	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	776,015	351,385	424,630	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645
$10,000 to $19,999	800,145	341,855	458,290	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130
$20,000 to $29,999	622,175	273,000	349,175	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755
$30,000 to $39,999	506,890	233,435	273,455	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250
$40,000 to $49,999	428,590	204,910	223,685	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525
$50,000 to $59,999	313,515	160,735	152,780	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705
$60,000 to $69,999	229,640	125,710	103,935	1,540,300	912,230	628,065
$70,000 to $79,999	176,635	96,460	80,175	1,076,180	654,570	421,610
$80,000 and over	401,835	254,535	147,295	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485
$80,000 to $89,999	118,825	67,420	51,400	688,705	444,550	244,145
$90,000 to $99,999	71,215	44,080	27,140	420,975	291,090	129,885
$100,000 and over	211,795	143,035	68,760	1,095,140	804,690	290,445
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	4,485,345	2,151,705	2,333,645	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360
Without employment income	1,331,700	555,895	775,805	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430
With employment income	3,153,650	1,595,805	1,557,845	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925
Percentage with employment income	70.3	74.2	66.8	71.3	75.4	67.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	396,680	186,410	210,270	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560
$5,000 to $9,999	263,610	119,885	143,725	1,602,140	697,025	905,120
$10,000 to $19,999	435,350	205,860	229,490	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155
$20,000 to $29,999	343,395	158,605	184,785	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695
$30,000 to $39,999	309,985	145,840	164,145	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795
$40,000 to $49,999	283,815	135,050	148,765	1,928,565	946,625	981,940
$50,000 to $59,999	231,700	117,150	114,550	1,554,100	839,045	715,055
$60,000 to $69,999	185,380	98,655	86,730	1,220,310	708,270	512,040
$70,000 to $79,999	148,890	83,255	65,635	992,170	591,945	400,225
$80,000 and over	554,845	345,095	209,755	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355
$80,000 to $89,999	121,685	69,155	52,525	773,755	475,700	298,055
$90,000 to $99,999	108,555	57,950	50,600	623,980	382,330	241,650
$100,000 and over	324,605	217,980	106,625	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,967,380	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	76,518	...	...	70,336	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	67,196	...	...	61,348	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	492,315	...	...	3,969,790	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,284	...	...	35,174	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,101	...	...	31,446	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,475,070	...	...	10,102,290	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,630	...	...	88,249	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,323	...	...	76,419	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,967,555	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	108,395	...	...	92,764	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	87,128	...	...	76,171	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	492,475	...	...	3,967,765	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	55,739	...	...	46,799	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	44,666	...	...	38,685	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,475,085	...	...	10,104,315	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	125,975	...	...	110,813	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	101,304	...	...	90,890	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,967,380	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	45,670	...	...	228,790	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	31,255	...	...	200,315	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	48,970	...	...	374,575	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	72,860	...	...	565,940	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	69,080	...	...	602,800	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	71,255	...	...	538,710	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	72,655	...	...	603,480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	74,045	...	...	606,600	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	73,960	...	...	596,110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	72,565	...	...	578,325	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	140,110	...	...	1,097,345	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	131,050	...	...	1,010,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	121,160	...	...	924,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	111,745	...	...	836,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	102,675	...	...	745,655	...	...
$100,000 and over	728,325	...	...	4,561,920	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	205,845	...	...	1,470,255	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	149,570	...	...	1,016,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	178,280	...	...	1,116,140	...	...
$200,000 and over	194,630	...	...	959,285	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,967,380	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Under $5,000	48,175	...	...	243,780	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	31,565	...	...	203,865	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	49,785	...	...	380,680	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75,575	...	...	591,660	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	75,690	...	...	673,740	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	78,360	...	...	628,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	82,540	...	...	719,825	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	87,000	...	...	725,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	89,295	...	...	711,180	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	87,435	...	...	691,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	167,070	...	...	1,299,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	152,470	...	...	1,169,515	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	139,615	...	...	1,041,635	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	123,875	...	...	900,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	106,420	...	...	757,295	...	...
$100,000 and over	572,520	...	...	3,333,575	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	204,555	...	...	1,371,945	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	133,630	...	...	809,540	...	...
$150,000 and over	234,340	...	...	1,152,090	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,418,695	...	...	9,688,845	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	92,279	...	...	88,306	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	80,950	...	...	76,372	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	381,755	...	...	3,706,220	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,997	...	...	78,976	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	73,015	...	...	68,309	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	745,680	...	...	4,222,140	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	112,062	...	...	113,465	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,348	...	...	96,608	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	240,690	...	...	1,481,410	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,356	...	...	53,193	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,125	...	...	48,856	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,418,175	...	...	9,689,855	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	126,555	...	...	111,235	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	101,479	...	...	91,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	381,845	...	...	3,706,400	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	120,732	...	...	101,086	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	94,620	...	...	82,296	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	746,125	...	...	4,225,855	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	148,376	...	...	137,094	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	118,509	...	...	111,307	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	239,190	...	...	1,477,190	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	73,147	...	...	65,549	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,554	...	...	56,687	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	710,010	335,120	374,890	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,181	32,948	31,573	31,890	34,483	29,801
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,543	30,010	29,180	28,959	30,746	27,495
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	708,525	333,920	374,605	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	47,700	50,146	45,520	42,939	46,085	39,915
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,832	40,028	37,766	35,801	37,724	33,952
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	5,370,515	2,605,995	2,764,520	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,635,600	1,252,915	1,382,690	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865
In the bottom decile	626,795	302,630	324,165	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050
In the second decile	553,235	255,400	297,840	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700
In the third decile	503,590	237,300	266,285	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235
In the fourth decile	478,745	228,975	249,770	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730
In the fifth decile	473,240	228,615	244,630	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150
In the top half of the distribution	2,734,920	1,353,085	1,381,835	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650
In the sixth decile	476,880	231,510	245,375	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185
In the seventh decile	489,145	239,025	250,120	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500
In the eighth decile	516,090	254,485	261,605	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300
In the ninth decile	568,130	282,000	286,135	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195
In the top decile	684,665	346,070	338,600	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	5,370,520	2,605,995	2,764,525	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035
0 to 17 years	1,077,570	553,445	524,125	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125
0 to 5 years	337,255	172,765	164,490	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270
18 to 64 years	3,542,115	1,714,060	1,828,055	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005
65 years and over	750,830	338,490	412,345	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	873,325	411,775	461,550	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740
0 to 17 years	223,495	115,235	108,260	1,163,830	597,570	566,255
0 to 5 years	72,435	37,260	35,175	396,095	203,055	193,030
18 to 64 years	542,900	254,105	288,795	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700
65 years and over	106,920	42,430	64,490	790,825	304,040	486,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.3	15.8	16.7	14.2	13.4	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	20.7	20.8	20.7	17.0	17.1	17.0
0 to 5 years (%)	21.5	21.6	21.4	17.8	17.8	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	15.3	14.8	15.8	13.2	12.5	13.8
65 years and over (%)	14.2	12.5	15.6	14.5	12.0	16.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	732,405	350,620	381,780	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630
0 to 17 years	173,895	89,620	84,270	696,025	357,255	338,770
0 to 5 years	56,775	29,135	27,640	236,435	121,170	115,260
18 to 64 years	487,620	234,110	253,505	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160
65 years and over	70,895	26,885	44,005	275,225	104,525	170,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.6	13.5	13.8	9.2	9.1	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	16.1	16.2	16.1	10.2	10.2	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	16.8	16.9	16.8	10.6	10.6	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	13.8	13.7	13.9	9.9	9.9	10.0
65 years and over (%)	9.4	7.9	10.7	5.1	4.1	5.9
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	5,371,025	2,606,395	2,764,630	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Official languages	5,119,210	2,506,430	2,612,780	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920
English	5,114,880	2,504,655	2,610,225	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995
French	433,650	187,295	246,355	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495
Non-official languages	2,980,865	1,420,145	1,560,715	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090
Aboriginal languages	985	405	585	263,845	127,550	136,295
Algonquian languages	825	350	475	177,570	85,505	92,065
Blackfoot	10	0	0	5,645	2,695	2,950
Cree-Montagnais languages	185	85	100	116,585	56,515	60,070
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,640	3,335	3,305
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	11,440	5,500	5,945
Moose Cree	0	0	0	195	80	115
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,465	710	755
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	545	225	320
Plains Cree	55	30	20	5,905	2,705	3,200
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	10
Swampy Cree	25	0	15	2,345	995	1,350
Woods Cree	15	10	0	2,665	1,230	1,435
Cree, n.o.s.	90	35	55	86,115	42,080	44,035
Eastern Algonquian languages	45	25	20	9,765	4,710	5,050
Malecite	0	0	0	755	370	390
Mi'kmaq	45	25	25	9,025	4,350	4,670
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	595	240	355	46,685	22,100	24,585
Algonquin	15	10	10	2,480	1,165	1,315
Ojibway	560	230	330	28,585	13,365	15,220
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15,610	7,575	8,030
Ottawa (Odawa)	15	10	10	205	105	105
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	120	60	60
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	23,655	11,340	12,320
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10	23,570	11,300	12,265
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	210	105	100
Beaver	0	0	0	340	180	165
Carrier	0	0	0	2,105	955	1,145
Chilcotin	0	0	0	1,150	535	610
Dene	10	0	0	13,060	6,270	6,790
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	2,375	1,210	1,165
Gwich'in	0	0	0	360	165	200
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	60	90
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	2,815	1,340	1,475
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	1,010	475	530
South Slavey	0	0	0	1,365	660	710
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	680	320	360
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	630	340	285
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	365	205	170
Tahltan	0	0	0	270	140	130
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	420	160	260
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	285	115	170
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	145	50	95
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	50
Haida	0	0	0	465	205	260
Inuit languages	25	10	15	42,980	21,355	21,630
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,975	895	1,080
Inuktitut	10	0	10	40,620	20,280	20,340
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	470	225	240
Iroquoian languages	55	15	40	2,800	1,240	1,555
Cayuga	0	0	0	125	40	85
Mohawk	45	15	35	2,415	1,120	1,295
Oneida	10	10	0	180	60	125
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	45	75
Kutenai	0	0	0	175	95	80
Michif	15	10	10	1,210	585	625
Salish languages	0	0	10	5,750	2,730	3,015
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	110
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,060	475	585
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	10	10	0	820	370	450
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,305	640	665
Squamish	0	0	0	285	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	450	220	235
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	565	295	270
Siouan languages	10	0	10	5,430	2,665	2,770
Dakota	0	0	10	1,760	870	890
Stoney	0	0	0	3,675	1,805	1,875
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	70
Tlingit	0	0	0	260	140	120
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	2,730	1,350	1,380
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,305	645	660
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,060	545	515
Tsimshian	0	0	10	410	180	235
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	1,490	680	805
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	110
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	125	50	75
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	605	285	320
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	565	265	300
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	20	10	665	310	360
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,979,935	1,419,770	1,560,165	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	203,300	101,890	101,410	837,355	432,560	404,795
Berber languages	235	135	100	29,460	15,745	13,715
Kabyle	75	40	30	17,120	9,100	8,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	165	95	70	12,505	6,735	5,775
Cushitic languages	20,380	8,885	11,490	57,125	26,870	30,250
Bilen	75	45	30	1,085	625	470
Oromo	1,390	590	800	6,245	3,070	3,175
Somali	18,905	8,230	10,675	49,665	23,070	26,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	480	220	265
Semitic languages	183,945	93,490	90,450	771,130	400,780	370,350
Amharic	11,365	5,280	6,080	33,670	16,675	16,995
Arabic	119,665	61,755	57,905	629,055	329,235	299,820
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	11,995	5,860	6,140	19,745	9,720	10,020
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	2,080	1,040	1,035	7,115	3,505	3,610
Harari	1,250	635	615	1,710	855	860
Hebrew	37,745	19,225	18,520	75,020	38,730	36,290
Maltese	4,165	2,035	2,130	7,625	3,760	3,870
Tigrigna	5,940	2,775	3,170	21,340	10,640	10,705
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,060	515	550	3,220	1,655	1,565
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	700	325	375	2,775	1,440	1,335
Austro-Asiatic languages	65,060	29,925	35,130	224,865	105,845	119,020
Khmer (Cambodian)	3,970	1,730	2,240	27,035	12,640	14,400
Vietnamese	61,350	28,340	33,010	198,895	93,735	105,155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	0	40	190	70	120
Austronesian languages	200,765	80,115	120,645	656,200	273,075	383,125
Bikol	570	255	310	2,075	885	1,190
Cebuano	7,130	2,860	4,265	27,045	10,960	16,085
Fijian	45	20	25	1,660	955	705
Hiligaynon	2,460	985	1,475	7,925	3,200	4,720
Ilocano	12,560	4,930	7,635	34,530	13,805	20,730
Malagasy	90	45	45	2,335	1,120	1,220
Malay	7,015	3,215	3,800	22,470	10,370	12,100
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,565	710	855	5,425	2,445	2,980
Pangasinan	435	190	245	1,800	790	1,015
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	188,840	74,950	113,890	612,735	253,210	359,530
Waray-Waray	320	100	220	1,395	530	860
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,255	525	730	5,585	2,540	3,040
Creole languages	16,380	7,360	9,020	155,615	70,545	85,070
Haitian Creole	640	285	350	6,850	3,140	3,710
Creole, n.o.s.	8,935	4,015	4,925	133,045	59,890	73,160
Creole languages, n.i.e.	6,960	3,115	3,845	16,635	7,955	8,675
Dravidian languages	170,055	84,545	85,505	250,180	126,220	123,960
Kannada	4,300	2,140	2,155	8,245	4,180	4,065
Malayalam	16,600	8,450	8,150	37,810	19,410	18,400
Tamil	140,900	69,315	71,585	189,860	94,640	95,220
Telugu	13,070	7,200	5,875	23,160	12,770	10,390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	430	220	210	790	385	405
Hmong-Mien languages	25	15	10	870	435	435
Indo-European languages	1,670,260	812,610	857,650	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555
Albanian	14,895	7,440	7,450	31,930	16,140	15,790
Armenian	14,750	7,035	7,715	41,295	19,980	21,315
Balto-Slavic languages	284,385	132,330	152,055	817,315	384,960	432,350
Baltic languages	6,090	2,475	3,610	14,675	6,470	8,205
Latvian	2,500	1,045	1,450	6,500	2,960	3,540
Lithuanian	3,595	1,430	2,165	8,185	3,510	4,675
Slavic languages	279,935	130,535	149,400	805,915	379,965	425,945
Belarusan	915	480	440	2,265	1,070	1,195
Bosnian	4,205	2,040	2,170	18,265	9,055	9,215
Bulgarian	7,750	3,770	3,980	22,425	10,920	11,505
Croatian	21,210	10,340	10,865	69,840	34,515	35,325
Czech	5,935	2,820	3,115	28,720	13,675	15,050
Macedonian	15,485	7,385	8,100	23,075	11,190	11,880
Polish	77,395	35,400	41,995	214,965	99,365	115,600
Russian	107,415	49,880	57,540	269,645	127,055	142,595
Serbian	26,595	13,150	13,440	73,775	37,040	36,740
Serbo-Croatian	2,775	1,330	1,440	11,275	5,525	5,750
Slovak	5,750	2,655	3,100	21,470	10,215	11,255
Slovene (Slovenian)	3,940	1,735	2,210	11,495	5,205	6,290
Ukrainian	36,660	16,375	20,285	132,115	58,820	73,300
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	600	350	250	3,000	1,590	1,405
Celtic languages	1,780	915	865	9,165	4,705	4,455
Scottish Gaelic	595	300	295	3,980	2,010	1,975
Welsh	215	95	120	1,690	830	860
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	970	520	450	3,590	1,915	1,680
Germanic languages	72,330	34,390	37,940	695,535	337,215	358,320
Afrikaans	3,975	1,955	2,015	23,410	11,795	11,610
Danish	1,865	840	1,025	15,745	7,320	8,425
Dutch	9,510	4,470	5,045	120,865	57,885	62,990
Frisian	145	60	90	2,910	1,515	1,395
German	49,225	23,465	25,760	502,730	245,745	256,985
Icelandic	120	55	65	1,780	830	945
Norwegian	870	415	455	8,120	3,860	4,260
Swedish	2,375	1,085	1,290	14,140	6,510	7,635
Vlaams (Flemish)	250	105	145	4,400	1,945	2,455
Yiddish	6,480	3,185	3,300	20,985	10,435	10,550
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	8,710	4,425	4,285
Greek	57,745	28,385	29,355	150,965	75,510	75,455
Indo-Iranian languages	735,150	371,350	363,800	1,658,220	840,850	817,365
Indo-Aryan languages	612,745	310,215	302,530	1,387,805	704,370	683,435
Bengali	47,600	24,185	23,415	91,220	46,935	44,285
Gujarati	85,245	42,705	42,540	149,045	74,765	74,285
Hindi	201,555	102,590	98,970	433,365	221,665	211,700
Kashmiri	460	230	230	905	490	420
Konkani	4,875	2,200	2,670	6,790	3,185	3,605
Marathi	8,470	4,365	4,100	15,570	8,200	7,365
Nepali	6,345	3,140	3,205	21,380	10,915	10,470
Oriya (Odia)	900	430	465	1,535	755	775
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235,230	120,835	114,395	668,240	341,450	326,790
Sindhi	9,210	4,295	4,915	20,260	9,310	10,945
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	14,575	7,335	7,240	27,825	13,970	13,855
Urdu	180,400	91,380	89,020	322,220	164,685	157,535
Iranian languages	127,535	63,570	63,965	281,715	142,030	139,680
Kurdish	3,760	2,120	1,635	15,290	8,290	7,000
Pashto	10,905	5,795	5,110	23,180	12,465	10,715
Persian (Farsi)	117,090	58,090	58,995	252,320	126,565	125,755
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	3,395	1,840	1,555	8,875	4,715	4,155
Italic (Romance) languages	525,885	248,355	277,525	1,897,630	898,530	999,100
Catalan	305	155	145	2,035	1,145	890
Italian	199,425	94,670	104,750	574,725	278,500	296,225
Portuguese	125,025	59,945	65,080	295,955	144,465	151,485
Romanian	27,960	12,960	15,000	115,050	55,275	59,770
Spanish	195,365	91,080	104,280	995,255	460,250	535,010
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	625	305	315	2,680	1,610	1,075
Japanese	17,015	7,335	9,680	83,090	36,760	46,335
Kartvelian languages	1,455	740	715	2,150	1,075	1,075
Georgian	1,455	740	715	2,150	1,080	1,070
Korean	61,135	28,600	32,535	172,755	80,170	92,590
Mongolic languages	440	190	250	2,090	960	1,130
Mongolian	445	190	255	2,090	960	1,130
Niger-Congo languages	46,505	22,145	24,365	177,215	88,135	89,080
Akan (Twi)	13,440	6,225	7,215	22,145	10,810	11,340
Bamanankan	200	115	90	3,190	1,660	1,530
Edo	1,875	820	1,055	3,220	1,510	1,705
Ewe	505	260	240	3,000	1,685	1,315
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455	235	220	4,725	2,460	2,260
Ga	985	475	510	2,250	1,140	1,110
Ganda	830	395	435	2,495	1,175	1,320
Igbo	2,905	1,440	1,460	8,850	4,710	4,140
Lingala	2,015	875	1,140	17,010	7,865	9,145
Rundi (Kirundi)	510	250	255	8,590	4,075	4,515
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	655	285	370	7,860	3,600	4,260
Shona	1,105	485	620	5,425	2,530	2,905
Swahili	10,070	4,960	5,110	38,680	19,565	19,115
Wolof	410	190	225	8,240	4,455	3,785
Yoruba	7,685	3,850	3,830	22,420	11,475	10,940
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,145	2,845	3,300	40,760	20,375	20,385
Nilo-Saharan languages	450	255	195	7,015	3,520	3,495
Dinka	65	50	20	2,475	1,280	1,190
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	385	210	175	4,555	2,240	2,315
Sign languages	5,265	2,275	2,990	48,115	18,985	29,130
American Sign Language	3,045	1,150	1,895	21,930	7,780	14,155
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	4,665	1,665	3,005
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,290	1,165	1,130	22,275	9,835	12,440
Sino-Tibetan languages	570,420	267,755	302,665	1,430,440	672,100	758,340
Chinese languages	563,390	264,295	299,095	1,413,110	663,465	749,640
Cantonese	300,575	139,720	160,855	699,125	325,840	373,285
Hakka	7,110	3,120	3,990	12,445	5,555	6,890
Mandarin	308,025	143,345	164,680	814,450	377,635	436,815
Min Dong	710	290	420	1,045	440	600
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,725	6,150	7,575	42,840	19,005	23,835
Wu (Shanghainese)	6,805	3,170	3,640	16,530	7,490	9,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	11,310	5,130	6,180	41,690	19,995	21,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	135	75	65	590	250	340
Tibeto-Burman languages	7,410	3,665	3,745	18,270	9,100	9,175
Burmese	1,325	605	720	4,995	2,490	2,500
Karenic languages	250	115	135	4,895	2,425	2,475
Tibetan	5,420	2,705	2,720	7,050	3,555	3,490
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	495	285	210	2,375	1,160	1,220
Tai-Kadai languages	4,720	2,005	2,715	30,400	13,210	17,195
Lao	2,635	1,250	1,385	17,235	8,240	8,990
Thai	2,340	880	1,465	15,390	5,875	9,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	115	50	65
Turkic languages	24,065	12,495	11,575	60,530	31,585	28,945
Azerbaijani	2,625	1,330	1,300	5,450	2,885	2,565
Turkish	20,195	10,535	9,665	50,775	26,605	24,165
Uyghur	490	225	260	1,385	685	700
Uzbek	785	425	365	2,465	1,230	1,235
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	540	250	290	1,870	905	965
Uralic languages	25,660	11,605	14,055	94,810	44,270	50,545
Estonian	2,750	1,190	1,560	6,070	2,750	3,315
Finnish	2,450	1,025	1,425	17,595	7,540	10,050
Hungarian	20,515	9,410	11,105	71,285	34,005	37,280
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,275	1,175	1,100	9,730	5,375	4,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	5,371,020	2,606,395	2,764,635	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	4,666,240	2,271,285	2,394,950	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090
Canadian citizens aged under 18	988,125	507,650	480,475	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,678,115	1,763,635	1,914,475	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	704,790	335,105	369,680	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	5,371,020	2,606,390	2,764,635	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	2,647,660	1,325,780	1,321,875	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	2,588,715	1,213,600	1,375,110	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Before 1981	570,800	264,690	306,105	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715
1981 to 1990	354,720	169,415	185,300	915,555	439,245	476,310
1991 to 2000	615,195	286,895	328,300	1,486,655	696,720	789,940
2001 to 2010	701,370	328,685	372,685	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465
2001 to 2005	364,605	171,720	192,885	928,935	439,890	489,050
2006 to 2010	336,765	156,965	179,800	1,056,095	500,680	555,415
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	346,635	163,920	182,715	1,212,075	582,175	629,895
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	134,650	67,010	67,640	506,625	260,755	245,870
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	2,588,710	1,213,605	1,375,110	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335
Under 5 years	210,560	104,680	105,885	731,340	364,165	367,175
5 to 14 years	425,730	214,310	211,420	1,311,810	665,870	645,945
15 to 24 years	561,010	248,975	312,035	1,604,430	724,430	880,005
25 to 44 years	1,112,050	520,805	591,245	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950
45 years and over	279,360	124,830	154,525	694,320	318,060	376,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	2,588,715	1,213,605	1,375,115	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330
Americas	393,895	174,345	219,550	1,128,745	510,650	618,100
Brazil	10,010	4,705	5,305	29,320	13,235	16,080
Colombia	16,110	7,390	8,715	70,035	32,065	37,965
El Salvador	10,615	5,280	5,335	48,080	23,865	24,215
Guyana	67,295	29,760	37,535	87,685	38,940	48,745
Haiti	2,555	1,200	1,355	93,480	40,955	52,525
Jamaica	97,095	40,495	56,600	138,345	59,960	78,390
Mexico	10,595	4,710	5,885	80,585	37,530	43,055
Peru	7,685	3,415	4,270	29,615	12,950	16,665
Trinidad and Tobago	41,765	18,320	23,445	65,040	29,325	35,710
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	43,175	20,260	22,915	253,715	113,505	140,215
Other places of birth in Americas	86,995	38,800	48,195	232,850	108,325	124,530
Europe	568,320	267,530	300,790	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260
Bosnia and Herzegovina	9,230	4,565	4,665	36,135	18,050	18,085
Croatia	11,040	5,225	5,810	40,045	20,005	20,035
France	6,595	3,095	3,500	105,565	55,395	50,170
Germany	19,960	9,295	10,665	145,845	69,525	76,320
Greece	26,890	13,115	13,780	62,715	31,580	31,135
Hungary	11,185	5,045	6,140	36,820	17,945	18,875
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	7,445	3,635	3,810	28,325	14,355	13,970
Italy	95,175	46,030	49,150	236,640	118,595	118,040
Netherlands	5,940	2,870	3,075	88,475	45,185	43,295
Poland	53,330	23,935	29,390	146,465	66,450	80,020
Portugal	66,340	31,825	34,515	139,450	68,150	71,300
Romania	23,965	10,890	13,075	90,305	42,795	47,510
Russian Federation	33,130	14,300	18,830	78,685	34,265	44,420
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	12,690	6,140	6,550	33,320	16,325	17,000
Ukraine	31,045	14,215	16,830	73,030	33,360	39,665
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	84,810	40,430	44,375	499,115	243,225	255,890
Other places of birth in Europe	69,555	32,920	36,630	247,470	119,945	127,530
Africa	147,790	71,030	76,760	637,485	322,510	314,970
Algeria	1,205	640	565	64,620	33,920	30,705
Egypt	23,285	12,065	11,215	64,615	34,125	30,495
Ethiopia	10,785	4,910	5,870	32,790	15,980	16,810
Kenya	10,980	5,025	5,955	27,150	12,810	14,340
Morocco	3,395	1,655	1,740	69,655	36,120	33,535
Nigeria	15,970	7,910	8,065	42,430	21,830	20,600
Somalia	10,780	4,310	6,470	27,230	12,070	15,160
South Africa, Republic of	12,360	5,990	6,370	44,660	22,205	22,460
Other places of birth in Africa	59,020	28,520	30,505	264,320	133,450	130,870
Asia	1,471,940	697,390	774,555	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175
Afghanistan	24,510	12,230	12,275	51,955	26,030	25,930
Bangladesh	31,885	16,065	15,820	58,735	29,875	28,865
China^{Census data footnote 59}	262,175	119,475	142,700	649,260	290,800	358,460
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	97,705	45,890	51,815	208,940	98,020	110,915
India	297,730	148,545	149,190	668,565	334,030	334,540
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	73,340	36,520	36,815	154,425	77,970	76,455
Iraq	27,770	13,840	13,930	68,485	34,785	33,705
Japan	5,715	1,850	3,865	27,240	7,955	19,285
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	44,745	20,860	23,890	123,305	57,170	66,140
Lebanon	12,970	6,975	6,000	88,745	47,295	41,450
Pakistan	110,255	55,690	54,565	202,260	103,225	99,035
Philippines	187,510	76,805	110,710	588,305	247,095	341,210
Sri Lanka	98,025	47,845	50,180	131,995	64,825	67,170
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	10,545	5,285	5,250	52,960	26,595	26,365
Taiwan	14,705	6,405	8,300	63,770	28,170	35,605
Viet Nam	57,865	26,180	31,690	169,250	78,000	91,250
Other places of birth in Asia	114,505	56,925	57,575	320,965	158,150	162,815
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	6,770	3,320	3,450	57,030	28,210	28,825
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	346,635	163,920	182,715	1,212,075	582,180	629,895
Americas	39,310	18,740	20,570	152,595	72,870	79,720
Brazil	2,465	1,165	1,305	8,500	4,000	4,490
Colombia	2,495	1,175	1,320	15,300	6,885	8,415
Cuba	1,150	510	635	5,370	2,545	2,820
Haiti	865	415	450	19,985	9,160	10,830
Jamaica	7,205	3,760	3,440	12,495	6,680	5,820
Mexico	2,870	1,360	1,510	18,660	9,090	9,575
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,605	3,850	3,755	33,060	16,480	16,580
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,790	825	965	6,425	2,990	3,435
Other places of birth in Americas	12,860	5,660	7,195	32,790	15,040	17,750
Europe	30,555	14,975	15,580	140,030	70,995	69,035
France	1,360	660	700	24,150	13,000	11,150
Germany	875	475	400	6,300	3,255	3,045
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,445	905	540	5,660	3,540	2,120
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	750	350	400	5,900	2,735	3,165
Romania	1,415	555	860	7,610	3,330	4,280
Russian Federation	3,845	1,400	2,440	11,565	4,485	7,080
Ukraine	3,580	1,655	1,925	13,425	6,015	7,410
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	3,585	2,160	1,425	24,445	14,235	10,215
Other places of birth in Europe	13,695	6,810	6,885	40,970	20,405	20,570
Africa	23,910	11,705	12,200	162,800	81,545	81,245
Algeria	195	85	105	17,175	8,440	8,735
Cameroon	800	350	445	10,265	5,005	5,255
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	550	240	310	7,400	3,570	3,835
Côte d'Ivoire	280	135	145	6,240	3,030	3,210
Egypt	5,540	2,885	2,655	16,115	8,445	7,665
Eritrea	1,060	525	535	6,050	3,195	2,855
Ethiopia	1,655	745	910	7,510	3,625	3,890
Morocco	350	140	210	15,105	7,470	7,635
Nigeria	4,695	2,280	2,415	17,285	8,850	8,435
Somalia	1,115	530	590	5,335	2,600	2,730
South Africa, Republic of	770	405	360	5,765	2,935	2,830
Tunisia	125	85	35	6,700	3,475	3,230
Other places of birth in Africa	6,770	3,295	3,475	41,855	20,905	20,950
Asia	251,635	117,765	133,875	748,700	352,095	396,610
Afghanistan	4,500	2,235	2,260	9,240	4,530	4,710
Bangladesh	6,780	3,360	3,420	12,900	6,445	6,460
China^{Census data footnote 59}	48,955	21,765	27,185	129,020	57,745	71,270
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,740	700	1,040	4,975	2,090	2,880
India	57,455	28,890	28,570	147,190	75,145	72,045
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	18,565	8,985	9,575	42,070	20,580	21,490
Iraq	7,840	3,890	3,955	20,665	10,345	10,320
Israel	1,600	840	765	4,740	2,615	2,130
Japan	930	250	685	4,905	1,250	3,655
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,815	2,190	2,625	21,710	9,630	12,075
Lebanon	1,365	745	620	9,375	4,980	4,400
Nepal	2,415	1,235	1,180	7,505	3,780	3,715
Pakistan	20,360	9,960	10,400	41,480	20,530	20,945
Philippines	42,735	17,680	25,050	188,810	83,050	105,760
Saudi Arabia	2,020	1,030	990	5,465	2,820	2,640
Sri Lanka	7,095	3,095	3,995	11,495	5,190	6,305
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	5,365	2,790	2,570	29,945	15,245	14,700
Taiwan	755	305	450	4,310	1,685	2,625
Turkey	2,055	1,145	905	4,255	2,365	1,890
United Arab Emirates	3,175	1,605	1,575	6,135	3,220	2,910
Viet Nam	2,605	1,020	1,585	11,210	4,500	6,705
Other places of birth in Asia	8,510	4,035	4,470	31,320	14,345	16,970
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,230	740	490	7,955	4,670	3,280
Australia	955	600	355	4,965	2,950	2,010
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	270	140	135	2,990	1,720	1,270
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	5,371,020	2,606,395	2,764,630	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	2,753,115	1,295,920	1,457,195	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,541,070	777,190	763,880	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	1,076,835	533,280	543,555	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	2,051,830	965,135	1,086,695	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	1,023,350	505,520	517,835	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	409,525	251,475	158,050	1,220,755	755,370	465,380
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	613,825	254,045	359,780	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	690,870	282,355	408,515	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	308,760	164,150	144,605	858,845	453,675	405,175
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	28,845	13,110	15,735	68,145	31,530	36,615
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,630	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	39,035	18,255	20,780	1,673,785	813,520	860,265
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	36,845	17,110	19,735	1,629,805	792,970	836,835
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	23,465	10,830	12,640	977,235	471,510	505,725
Métis	12,830	6,030	6,800	587,545	289,435	298,115
Inuk (Inuit)	550	255	300	65,030	32,030	32,995
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	975	465	510	21,310	10,165	11,145
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	1,215	680	540	22,670	10,385	12,290
Non-Aboriginal identity	5,331,990	2,588,140	2,743,850	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,635	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	12,605	5,825	6,785	820,120	395,670	424,445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	5,358,415	2,600,565	2,757,850	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	5,371,020	2,606,390	2,764,630	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	6,375	2,865	3,510	727,790	356,970	370,815
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	6,220	2,790	3,425	709,235	347,985	361,245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	4,945	2,185	2,760	573,215	280,040	293,180
Métis single ancestry	1,155	560	600	91,255	45,740	45,515
Inuit single ancestry	115	45	70	44,765	22,210	22,555
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	160	75	85	18,555	8,985	9,565
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	105	50	55	15,140	7,305	7,835
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	20	10	10	2,470	1,205	1,265
Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	15	770	390	380
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	10	10	170	85	85
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	55,150	25,815	29,330	1,402,735	669,710	733,025
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	53,685	25,160	28,530	1,347,610	644,210	703,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40,680	19,105	21,565	881,455	418,215	463,235
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	12,265	5,720	6,540	441,000	213,940	227,065
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	750	335	415	25,155	12,045	13,105
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,460	655	800	55,125	25,505	29,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,250	550	705	49,325	22,740	26,585
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130	55	70	3,470	1,655	1,815
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	50	30	2,005	940	1,065
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	0	0	0	325	170	160
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	5,309,500	2,577,710	2,731,790	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	5,371,025	2,606,395	2,764,635	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	2,910,660	1,400,000	1,510,655	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	932,145	470,380	461,760	1,924,635	977,690	946,945
Chinese	618,280	294,255	324,025	1,577,060	746,400	830,665
Black	430,280	198,790	231,490	1,198,540	580,070	618,475
Filipino	246,415	105,285	141,130	780,125	341,800	438,330
Latin American	126,485	60,725	65,755	447,325	215,460	231,860
Arab	100,155	51,885	48,270	523,235	276,425	246,810
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	80,335	37,780	42,560	313,260	148,880	164,385
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	120,685	60,285	60,400	264,305	133,475	130,825
Korean	68,155	32,470	35,685	188,710	89,110	99,600
Japanese	19,515	8,415	11,095	92,920	40,105	52,815
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	75,005	34,935	40,070	132,090	62,540	69,550
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	93,210	44,785	48,425	232,375	113,140	119,230
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	2,460,360	1,206,390	1,253,975	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	5,371,025	2,606,390	2,764,630	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485
North American Aboriginal origins	61,525	28,680	32,840	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840
First Nations (North American Indian)	47,150	21,970	25,175	1,525,570	731,410	794,155
Inuit	1,125	515	610	79,130	38,695	40,435
Métis	14,890	6,945	7,950	599,995	291,310	308,690
Other North American origins	659,555	326,935	332,620	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835
Acadian	3,660	1,810	1,850	119,675	57,805	61,865
American	44,030	21,480	22,550	377,405	182,690	194,715
Canadian	623,605	309,300	314,305	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370
New Brunswicker	80	50	30	1,490	800	685
Newfoundlander	2,605	1,325	1,285	22,215	11,420	10,800
Nova Scotian	595	270	330	3,700	1,770	1,930
Ontarian	575	340	235	3,925	1,980	1,945
Québécois	1,400	685	720	194,560	99,320	95,235
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	220	120	100	1,895	950	945
European origins	2,413,560	1,173,265	1,240,300	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605
British Isles origins	1,074,255	524,990	549,260	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115
Channel Islander	400	210	190	3,595	1,740	1,855
Cornish	175	90	85	1,975	995	975
English	605,385	296,180	309,205	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570
Irish	456,650	218,130	238,520	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385
Manx	720	425	295	6,125	3,090	3,040
Scottish	452,050	218,755	233,290	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620
Welsh	47,510	22,785	24,730	474,805	226,600	248,210
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	92,185	44,145	48,040	644,695	307,090	337,610
French origins	212,840	100,750	112,095	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340
Alsatian	320	125	200	2,800	1,300	1,495
Breton	55	35	20	11,845	5,765	6,080
Corsican	55	25	25	1,750	950	805
French	212,520	100,605	111,915	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165
Western European origins (except French origins)	331,540	160,995	170,550	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760
Austrian	26,905	13,040	13,865	207,050	100,775	106,275
Bavarian	135	50	80	940	485	455
Belgian	8,330	3,800	4,530	186,665	91,395	95,270
Dutch	78,240	37,405	40,835	1,111,655	546,565	565,090
Flemish	790	375	415	11,685	5,730	5,960
Frisian	350	205	145	4,590	2,395	2,195
German	229,980	112,255	117,725	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615
Luxembourger	260	130	135	3,915	2,025	1,890
Swiss	12,710	6,340	6,365	155,120	76,935	78,185
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	480	225	255	3,365	1,645	1,720
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	59,615	28,865	30,755	1,201,320	579,005	622,315
Danish	12,805	6,390	6,415	207,470	100,660	106,810
Finnish	13,915	6,490	7,425	143,645	69,045	74,600
Icelandic	3,415	1,700	1,705	101,795	49,875	51,915
Norwegian	14,525	7,170	7,350	463,275	223,075	240,200
Swedish	16,290	7,525	8,770	349,645	163,545	186,095
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,115	1,485	1,630	52,780	26,965	25,820
Eastern European origins	547,800	260,365	287,440	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505
Bulgarian	10,575	5,165	5,415	34,565	16,935	17,625
Byelorussian	7,840	3,830	4,015	20,710	10,190	10,515
Czech	15,200	7,335	7,870	104,580	51,555	53,030
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	4,075	1,935	2,135	40,715	19,235	21,480
Estonian	6,865	3,200	3,665	24,530	11,715	12,815
Hungarian	54,240	26,295	27,945	348,085	170,040	178,045
Latvian	8,960	4,185	4,775	30,725	14,920	15,805
Lithuanian	18,260	8,760	9,500	59,285	28,745	30,535
Moldovan	2,915	1,495	1,415	14,915	7,265	7,650
Polish	217,410	103,490	113,920	1,106,585	533,830	572,750
Romanian	47,340	22,500	24,840	238,050	114,705	123,345
Russian	133,800	62,215	71,585	622,445	297,600	324,850
Slovak	13,180	6,350	6,835	72,285	35,360	36,925
Ukrainian	130,370	62,245	68,130	1,359,655	663,560	696,095
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	7,120	3,335	3,785	20,415	9,895	10,520
Southern European origins	885,785	435,925	449,855	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775
Albanian	17,125	8,655	8,465	36,185	18,385	17,800
Bosnian	6,150	2,995	3,150	26,740	13,320	13,420
Catalan	165	105	60	1,280	740	535
Croatian	32,740	16,365	16,375	133,970	67,825	66,140
Cypriot	2,355	1,195	1,160	5,650	2,850	2,795
Greek	92,410	46,340	46,070	271,410	137,405	134,005
Italian	421,900	209,670	212,230	1,587,965	794,525	793,445
Kosovar	480	255	225	2,865	1,470	1,395
Macedonian	25,245	12,585	12,660	43,110	21,650	21,460
Maltese	16,145	7,995	8,155	41,920	20,955	20,965
Montenegrin	1,420	680	740	4,160	2,180	1,985
Portuguese	191,040	92,890	98,150	482,605	239,360	243,250
Serbian	31,710	15,945	15,770	96,530	49,095	47,440
Sicilian	1,370	690	675	6,940	3,500	3,435
Slovenian	11,400	5,655	5,745	40,470	20,105	20,365
Spanish	99,960	46,885	53,080	396,460	184,520	211,945
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	5,865	2,810	3,060	38,480	18,620	19,860
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	480	205	275	2,170	1,030	1,135
Other European origins	70,120	35,070	35,045	226,695	115,110	111,580
Basque	755	360	395	6,965	3,690	3,275
Jewish	57,840	29,035	28,800	143,660	72,625	71,035
Roma (Gypsy)	1,150	545	605	4,630	2,195	2,440
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	895	475	420	4,870	2,560	2,310
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	9,935	4,875	5,060	67,890	34,730	33,160
Caribbean origins	333,840	151,150	182,690	749,155	349,810	399,345
Antiguan	2,390	1,050	1,340	4,500	2,115	2,385
Bahamian	1,200	610	590	3,675	1,915	1,760
Barbadian	17,490	7,935	9,550	37,780	17,745	20,035
Bermudan	930	430	500	3,075	1,435	1,640
Carib	1,745	625	1,120	3,030	1,175	1,860
Cuban	8,800	4,000	4,795	29,065	13,800	15,270
Dominican	6,160	2,945	3,220	23,130	11,000	12,125
Grenadian	12,185	5,235	6,945	17,915	7,835	10,080
Guadeloupean	40	10	30	1,125	515	605
Haitian	5,020	2,375	2,645	165,095	76,460	88,635
Jamaican	193,360	87,610	105,750	309,485	145,080	164,410
Kittitian/Nevisian	1,785	850	935	2,915	1,460	1,460
Martinican	150	50	100	2,010	900	1,110
Montserratan	425	195	225	930	460	470
Puerto Rican	675	355	325	3,405	1,645	1,765
St. Lucian	5,310	2,305	3,005	8,985	4,095	4,890
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	42,230	19,320	22,905	78,965	37,325	41,635
Vincentian/Grenadinian	9,995	4,200	5,795	17,420	7,475	9,945
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	44,630	19,830	24,800	70,270	31,625	38,645
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	12,890	5,740	7,145	26,830	12,520	14,310
Latin, Central and South American origins	202,120	95,220	106,905	674,640	325,210	349,430
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	6,755	3,135	3,620	22,725	10,875	11,850
Arawak	680	305	375	1,440	610	830
Argentinian	7,850	3,800	4,045	20,680	10,130	10,545
Belizean	335	150	180	1,755	915	845
Bolivian	1,240	600	645	5,055	2,480	2,580
Brazilian	12,250	5,925	6,320	36,830	17,380	19,455
Chilean	9,985	4,805	5,180	45,190	22,280	22,910
Colombian	23,130	11,070	12,065	96,325	45,590	50,735
Costa Rican	1,720	890	835	5,535	2,680	2,855
Ecuadorian	17,005	8,040	8,965	25,405	11,995	13,415
Guatemalan	5,575	2,680	2,895	26,275	13,360	12,915
Guyanese	55,335	25,270	30,060	84,275	39,530	44,745
Hispanic	3,455	1,690	1,765	11,055	5,380	5,670
Honduran	1,670	755	915	10,650	5,235	5,415
Maya	1,105	545	555	6,285	3,350	2,940
Mexican	18,380	8,520	9,860	128,485	62,890	65,595
Nicaraguan	3,520	1,700	1,815	13,705	6,650	7,055
Panamanian	1,715	745	970	4,700	2,210	2,495
Paraguayan	275	120	150	4,325	2,165	2,160
Peruvian	10,025	4,655	5,370	42,145	19,645	22,505
Salvadorean	14,435	7,115	7,315	66,220	32,960	33,255
Uruguayan	3,040	1,570	1,475	6,795	3,390	3,410
Venezuelan	7,825	3,550	4,285	26,345	12,220	14,125
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	8,800	4,320	4,480	28,455	13,930	14,525
African origins	257,720	125,440	132,280	1,067,930	539,805	528,120
Central and West African origins	57,350	28,290	29,060	230,110	118,040	112,070
Akan	705	400	305	1,955	1,090	870
Angolan	1,010	480	530	2,960	1,475	1,480
Ashanti	1,055	535	515	1,585	855	735
Beninese	370	190	180	4,995	2,670	2,320
Burkinabe	100	40	55	3,150	1,665	1,485
Cameroonian	2,445	1,205	1,240	24,615	12,390	12,230
Chadian	185	95	90	1,845	955	885
Congolese	3,920	1,865	2,050	38,365	18,925	19,440
Edo	925	485	440	1,945	1,095	855
Ewe	160	90	70	845	470	375
Gabonese	50	10	35	1,405	660	750
Gambian	550	250	295	975	495	475
Ghanaian	19,995	9,485	10,510	35,495	17,720	17,770
Guinean	620	325	300	7,240	3,785	3,455
Ibo	1,460	760	705	5,315	2,850	2,470
Ivorian	615	285	330	10,935	5,485	5,450
Liberian	295	125	170	2,485	1,130	1,360
Malian	265	140	125	4,490	2,280	2,210
Malinké	225	105	120	1,125	585	535
Nigerian	18,855	9,540	9,310	51,835	27,025	24,805
Peulh	65	35	25	2,435	1,270	1,170
Senegalese	530	280	250	10,175	5,500	4,670
Sierra Leonean	815	400	410	2,620	1,330	1,295
Togolese	315	205	105	5,300	2,870	2,430
Wolof	45	20	20	840	495	345
Yoruba	2,735	1,460	1,275	9,585	5,075	4,515
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	2,785	1,365	1,420	15,380	7,940	7,445
North African origins	50,800	26,105	24,695	355,045	185,775	169,270
Algerian	1,650	810	840	67,335	34,755	32,580
Berber	665	360	305	37,060	19,685	17,375
Coptic	1,640	855	785	3,535	1,860	1,680
Dinka	15	10	0	900	500	400
Egyptian	33,855	17,375	16,475	99,140	51,730	47,410
Libyan	1,260	675	595	7,740	4,135	3,605
Maure	235	135	110	1,190	655	535
Moroccan	8,380	4,340	4,050	103,940	54,005	49,945
Sudanese	3,610	1,755	1,855	19,960	10,315	9,645
Tunisian	1,060	570	495	25,645	13,985	11,665
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	825	445	380	6,115	3,320	2,795
Southern and East African origins	78,235	37,260	40,970	260,145	128,325	131,815
Afrikaner	315	160	155	1,870	955	915
Amhara	490	235	255	1,530	815	715
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	285	160	125	3,965	2,175	1,785
Burundian	650	360	290	10,990	5,405	5,580
Djiboutian	210	100	110	1,710	790	920
Eritrean	7,555	3,650	3,910	25,255	12,830	12,430
Ethiopian	15,900	7,615	8,280	44,065	21,680	22,385
Harari	460	250	210	665	355	305
Kenyan	3,880	1,805	2,080	10,915	5,230	5,685
Malagasy	170	75	95	4,500	2,175	2,325
Mauritian	2,710	1,405	1,305	9,325	4,655	4,665
Oromo	830	370	460	3,350	1,745	1,605
Rwandan	1,065	475	590	10,775	5,065	5,705
Seychellois	150	60	95	1,285	575	710
Somali	25,400	11,755	13,650	62,550	30,215	32,330
South African	11,025	5,505	5,520	41,375	20,575	20,800
Tanzanian	1,820	910	910	4,710	2,400	2,310
Tigrian	415	210	200	2,155	1,160	995
Ugandan	1,935	930	1,005	5,705	2,875	2,830
Zambian	355	175	185	1,860	935	920
Zimbabwean	1,670	775	900	8,090	3,975	4,110
Zulu	185	100	90	945	475	475
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	5,190	2,250	2,940	17,305	8,445	8,860
Other African origins	75,020	35,540	39,485	239,560	116,400	123,165
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	10,710	4,630	6,080	30,385	14,015	16,370
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	65,110	31,290	33,825	212,005	103,790	108,215
Asian origins	2,352,765	1,139,965	1,212,805	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	317,140	160,115	157,025	1,011,145	518,170	492,980
Afghan	40,230	20,175	20,055	83,995	42,320	41,675
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	22,105	11,430	10,675	111,400	58,930	52,475
Armenian	20,645	10,010	10,635	63,810	31,505	32,305
Assyrian	7,240	3,690	3,550	13,835	7,115	6,720
Azerbaijani	3,280	1,595	1,685	6,425	3,230	3,200
Georgian	2,340	1,195	1,140	4,775	2,430	2,345
Hazara	510	270	240	1,515	810	705
Iranian	94,955	47,625	47,335	210,405	106,565	103,840
Iraqi	27,230	13,595	13,640	70,925	35,965	34,955
Israeli	14,170	7,315	6,855	28,735	15,065	13,675
Jordanian	5,115	2,755	2,365	14,250	7,520	6,735
Kazakh	940	410	525	3,330	1,615	1,710
Kurd	4,290	2,295	2,000	16,315	8,810	7,515
Kuwaiti	330	205	130	2,235	1,185	1,055
Kyrgyz	235	80	150	1,060	510	550
Lebanese	27,635	14,100	13,540	219,555	112,970	106,590
Palestinian	14,465	7,765	6,695	44,820	23,900	20,920
Pashtun	1,925	1,070	855	4,810	2,565	2,245
Saudi Arabian	1,600	840	760	6,810	3,935	2,880
Syrian	15,545	7,565	7,990	77,045	38,445	38,600
Tajik	1,390	640	750	2,905	1,410	1,495
Tatar	1,750	750	1,000	4,825	2,155	2,670
Turk	22,165	11,210	10,955	63,955	32,855	31,100
Turkmen	400	200	200	1,040	540	500
Uighur	540	255	285	1,555	775	785
Uzbek	1,670	820	850	3,920	1,920	2,000
Yemeni	2,450	1,145	1,305	6,645	3,335	3,305
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	9,695	5,005	4,690	25,280	13,180	12,100
South Asian origins	953,545	478,660	474,885	1,963,330	993,595	969,735
Bangladeshi	23,010	11,790	11,220	45,940	23,645	22,300
Bengali	12,255	6,260	5,995	22,900	11,730	11,180
Bhutanese	150	80	70	3,600	1,765	1,835
East Indian	618,685	310,525	308,160	1,374,710	694,990	679,720
Goan	3,840	1,770	2,075	6,070	2,915	3,155
Gujarati	4,775	2,475	2,295	8,350	4,305	4,050
Kashmiri	1,305	670	635	3,115	1,605	1,510
Nepali	5,350	2,630	2,720	17,140	8,715	8,420
Pakistani	113,270	57,500	55,770	215,555	110,420	105,140
Punjabi	45,820	23,605	22,215	118,400	61,155	57,240
Sinhalese	3,770	1,840	1,930	7,285	3,605	3,685
Sri Lankan	110,210	53,705	56,505	152,595	75,010	77,585
Tamil	38,690	19,580	19,110	48,670	24,845	23,825
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	47,545	24,110	23,435	76,400	38,815	37,585
East and Southeast Asian origins	1,103,325	511,400	591,925	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155
Burmese	2,075	915	1,165	9,335	4,535	4,795
Cambodian (Khmer)	5,945	2,740	3,205	38,490	18,515	19,980
Chinese	684,395	324,960	359,435	1,769,195	836,150	933,045
Filipino	265,560	114,395	151,165	837,130	369,105	468,025
Hmong	50	25	25	805	420	390
Indonesian	5,845	2,710	3,130	21,390	9,950	11,440
Japanese	26,485	11,605	14,880	121,485	53,415	68,070
Karen	265	120	145	4,510	2,275	2,240
Korean	71,740	34,180	37,560	198,210	93,680	104,525
Laotian	3,805	1,880	1,930	24,580	12,190	12,390
Malaysian	5,335	2,510	2,825	16,920	7,735	9,185
Mongolian	1,890	855	1,035	7,480	3,560	3,915
Singaporean	1,005	455	550	2,850	1,325	1,520
Taiwanese	7,820	3,580	4,240	36,510	16,570	19,945
Thai	3,240	1,225	2,010	19,010	7,330	11,680
Tibetan	5,935	2,975	2,960	8,040	4,055	3,985
Vietnamese	71,425	33,860	37,565	240,615	115,935	124,680
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	3,220	1,585	1,640	6,500	3,150	3,355
Other Asian origins	9,945	4,905	5,040	22,745	11,280	11,460
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	9,945	4,905	5,040	22,740	11,280	11,460
Oceania origins	8,815	4,450	4,365	85,470	43,030	42,440
Australian	5,315	2,775	2,540	42,315	21,710	20,605
New Zealander	1,755	925	830	15,395	8,065	7,330
Pacific Islands origins	1,950	885	1,070	29,485	14,240	15,250
Fijian	1,170	490	685	19,375	9,280	10,090
Hawaiian	175	85	90	3,295	1,500	1,795
Maori	165	95	75	2,500	1,310	1,195
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	100	40	65	1,530	725	805
Samoan	95	45	45	1,100	625	475
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	330	155	175	2,335	1,145	1,185
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,967,560	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Owner	1,276,425	...	...	9,541,320	...	...
Renter	691,140	...	...	4,474,530	...	...
Band housing	0	...	...	56,230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,967,560	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Condominium	434,620	...	...	1,874,840	...	...
Not condominium	1,532,935	...	...	12,197,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,967,555	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
No bedrooms	24,005	...	...	93,345	...	...
1 bedroom	376,525	...	...	1,925,015	...	...
2 bedrooms	432,060	...	...	3,547,090	...	...
3 bedrooms	556,210	...	...	4,836,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	578,765	...	...	3,670,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,967,555	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	732,945	...	...	4,068,915	...	...
5 rooms	269,420	...	...	2,177,045	...	...
6 rooms	250,890	...	...	1,981,585	...	...
7 rooms	220,325	...	...	1,790,180	...	...
8 or more rooms	493,975	...	...	4,054,355	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,967,560	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,876,310	...	...	13,802,060	...	...
More than 1 person per room	91,250	...	...	270,020	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,967,560	...	...	14,072,075	...	...
Suitable	1,767,780	...	...	13,376,345	...	...
Not suitable	199,770	...	...	695,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,967,560	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1960 or before	413,230	...	...	3,126,380	...	...
1961 to 1980	529,935	...	...	4,185,510	...	...
1981 to 1990	279,160	...	...	1,977,640	...	...
1991 to 2000	246,640	...	...	1,746,390	...	...
2001 to 2005	179,090	...	...	976,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	163,020	...	...	1,089,750	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	156,485	...	...	970,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,967,560	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,858,255	...	...	13,151,600	...	...
Major repairs needed	109,300	...	...	920,480	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,967,560	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,124,090	...	...	8,324,865	...	...
2 household maintainers	759,115	...	...	5,404,800	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	84,350	...	...	342,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,967,560	...	...	14,072,080	...	...
15 to 24 years	47,450	...	...	437,230	...	...
25 to 34 years	277,355	...	...	1,991,685	...	...
35 to 44 years	371,615	...	...	2,414,920	...	...
45 to 54 years	454,610	...	...	2,862,870	...	...
55 to 64 years	381,365	...	...	2,859,315	...	...
65 to 74 years	242,735	...	...	2,034,220	...	...
75 to 84 years	137,935	...	...	1,084,700	...	...
85 years and over	54,490	...	...	387,135	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,964,415	...	...	13,798,305	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,292,415	...	...	10,472,355	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	671,995	...	...	3,325,950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	553,740	...	...	2,861,615	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,276,365	...	...	9,368,330	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	62.6	...	...	60.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	27.3	...	...	16.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,649	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,755	...	...	1,313	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	648,719	...	...	341,556	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	743,131	...	...	443,058	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	691,125	...	...	4,452,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.7	...	...	13.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	46.9	...	...	40.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,207	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,263	...	...	1,002	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	4,485,730	2,151,895	2,333,830	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580
No certificate, diploma or degree	730,915	345,155	385,765	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,147,670	564,185	583,480	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,607,140	1,242,555	1,364,580	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	190,445	124,915	65,530	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	105,015	61,850	43,165	1,549,880	880,365	669,515
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	85,425	63,060	22,360	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	756,515	330,560	425,950	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	126,335	56,415	69,925	813,335	331,940	481,395
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,533,855	730,670	803,185	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300
Bachelor's degree	1,009,045	465,915	543,125	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	100,985	46,510	54,480	462,295	203,725	258,570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	42,640	21,280	21,355	190,925	102,530	88,395
Master's degree	335,240	168,965	166,270	1,331,045	651,510	679,535
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	45,945	28,000	17,945	231,510	144,640	86,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,020,615	1,447,205	1,573,410	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No certificate, diploma or degree	292,270	146,320	145,950	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	647,655	324,200	323,455	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,080,685	976,680	1,104,005	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	129,450	84,010	45,440	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	71,910	41,985	29,930	1,145,035	639,785	505,250
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	57,540	42,030	15,510	897,390	737,990	159,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	589,090	256,645	332,445	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	94,740	42,000	52,740	580,885	240,040	340,850
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,267,410	594,025	673,385	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155
Bachelor's degree	821,300	376,095	445,205	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	81,920	36,340	45,580	362,455	151,205	211,250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	34,910	16,305	18,605	153,290	74,440	78,855
Master's degree	293,070	144,435	148,630	1,120,190	527,335	592,850
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	36,215	20,850	15,365	175,685	102,415	73,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	4,485,725	2,151,900	2,333,825	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,878,585	909,335	969,245	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350
Education	130,685	26,640	104,045	1,060,095	251,290	808,800
13. Education	130,690	26,640	104,050	1,060,095	251,290	808,805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	130,390	58,720	71,675	596,230	268,050	328,180
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	16,640	12,320	4,315	99,020	72,865	26,150
50. Visual and performing arts	113,755	46,395	67,360	497,210	195,185	302,025
Humanities	179,405	63,540	115,865	850,840	330,490	520,345
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	21,645	4,760	16,885	98,000	22,100	75,900
23. English language and literature/letters	50,845	14,640	36,205	178,590	52,785	125,810
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	53,905	18,055	35,845	275,525	104,135	171,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	870	385	475	4,160	1,640	2,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	11,750	6,510	5,240	51,930	30,185	21,750
39. Theology and religious vocations	9,435	5,960	3,470	77,490	46,285	31,200
54. History	24,730	12,250	12,475	111,465	59,965	51,500
55. French language and literature/letters	6,240	970	5,265	53,680	13,400	40,290
Social and behavioural sciences and law	375,990	132,895	243,090	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	5,275	1,010	4,265	24,685	5,660	19,025
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	41,765	16,265	25,495	182,275	68,030	114,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	51,475	4,985	46,485	324,660	26,065	298,595
22. Legal professions and studies	64,720	25,805	38,915	289,600	102,660	186,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	6,200	1,435	4,760	35,445	8,150	27,295
42. Psychology	52,075	12,435	39,640	281,470	71,230	210,230
45. Social sciences	154,480	70,955	83,525	623,775	304,660	319,110
Business, management and public administration	635,290	286,145	349,150	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,300	505	800	6,190	1,850	4,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	38,360	8,100	30,265	237,835	48,815	189,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	595,630	277,540	318,090	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	126,840	59,465	67,380	614,280	315,665	298,615
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	53,350	21,080	32,270	249,955	105,560	144,400
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	31,225	13,705	17,520	125,600	61,685	63,915
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	2,340	735	1,605	28,155	12,625	15,530
40. Physical sciences	35,555	22,435	13,125	179,305	122,815	56,485
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,370	1,505	2,865	31,270	12,980	18,290
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	158,045	102,350	55,695	651,480	420,370	231,110
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	122,045	83,770	38,275	514,685	356,435	158,250
25. Library science	5,560	935	4,630	40,820	6,495	34,320
27. Mathematics and statistics	27,925	15,910	12,015	86,655	50,930	35,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,520	1,745	775	9,325	6,510	2,815
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	439,230	375,990	63,235	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700
04. Architecture and related services	28,885	18,400	10,485	114,315	72,880	41,435
14. Engineering	199,695	158,560	41,140	752,465	615,880	136,585
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	73,645	65,980	7,665	620,065	551,855	68,205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	100	25	75	410	85	325
46. Construction trades	53,550	52,345	1,200	702,155	682,710	19,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	55,235	53,715	1,525	731,135	709,430	21,705
48. Precision production	28,120	26,975	1,145	406,855	389,850	17,005
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	27,465	14,400	13,070	339,050	219,040	120,010
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	16,015	8,845	7,170	205,930	127,925	78,005
03. Natural resources and conservation	11,455	5,550	5,900	133,120	91,115	42,005
Health and related fields	303,620	74,055	229,570	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	24,245	12,480	11,765	164,295	81,260	83,040
51. Health professions and related programs	267,470	55,340	212,130	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	11,905	6,230	5,675	54,740	30,910	23,830
Personal, protective and transportation services	99,875	48,260	51,615	995,825	507,200	488,630
12. Personal and culinary services	62,940	19,925	43,010	565,555	151,530	414,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	365	330	35	3,505	3,080	420
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	480	455	25	7,900	7,230	670
43. Security and protective services	22,935	15,975	6,960	206,745	150,540	56,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	13,160	11,585	1,580	212,125	194,810	17,315
Other	295	100	195	3,170	885	2,280
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	290	95	195	3,170	890	2,280
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,020,615	1,447,205	1,573,415	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	939,930	470,525	469,405	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250
Education	95,095	18,915	76,180	727,515	160,315	567,205
13. Education	95,100	18,915	76,185	727,515	160,315	567,200
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	104,620	47,155	57,465	467,905	208,365	259,545
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	12,780	9,495	3,285	74,530	53,995	20,535
50. Visual and performing arts	91,845	37,665	54,185	393,375	154,370	239,005
Humanities	139,350	48,065	91,290	614,815	232,425	382,390
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	17,015	3,465	13,545	76,540	16,200	60,340
23. English language and literature/letters	39,550	11,125	28,425	133,800	38,310	95,485
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	42,735	13,895	28,845	191,005	71,770	119,235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	690	320	370	3,140	1,250	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	9,135	5,110	4,030	37,870	21,930	15,940
39. Theology and religious vocations	6,935	4,370	2,560	52,295	31,200	21,090
54. History	18,705	9,180	9,525	82,565	43,475	39,085
55. French language and literature/letters	4,585	600	3,980	37,600	8,285	29,315
Social and behavioural sciences and law	304,820	105,350	199,465	1,417,625	453,100	964,525
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,315	850	3,470	20,300	4,595	15,705
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	34,495	13,470	21,020	152,080	56,125	95,955
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	39,405	3,515	35,890	259,845	19,160	240,685
22. Legal professions and studies	54,925	20,115	34,810	241,170	76,720	164,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	4,850	1,185	3,660	27,310	6,390	20,920
42. Psychology	40,890	9,305	31,585	218,470	51,570	166,900
45. Social sciences	125,945	56,905	69,040	498,450	238,540	259,915
Business, management and public administration	524,355	231,890	292,465	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	1,095	405	685	4,955	1,480	3,475
44. Public administration and social service professions	30,890	6,455	24,440	192,190	36,890	155,305
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	492,370	225,035	267,335	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095
Physical and life sciences and technologies	96,435	43,745	52,695	449,870	222,120	227,755
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40,650	15,625	25,025	195,830	79,945	115,880
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	24,030	10,235	13,800	89,205	42,265	46,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	1,920	625	1,295	9,280	3,850	5,430
40. Physical sciences	26,590	16,240	10,350	132,935	87,025	45,905
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,245	1,020	2,225	22,625	9,035	13,590
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	140,470	91,425	49,045	567,415	368,840	198,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	111,605	76,680	34,920	464,000	321,805	142,190
25. Library science	3,950	715	3,235	29,955	4,870	25,080
27. Mathematics and statistics	22,690	12,525	10,165	65,620	36,895	28,725
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,235	1,505	725	7,840	5,270	2,575
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	338,415	284,970	53,445	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820
04. Architecture and related services	23,725	14,720	9,010	93,135	57,280	35,850
14. Engineering	163,350	127,605	35,750	612,265	490,980	121,285
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	54,630	48,775	5,860	475,045	418,595	56,450
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	95	20	75	350	70	275
46. Construction trades	38,265	37,375	895	515,630	499,670	15,960
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	39,680	38,605	1,070	540,800	523,425	17,375
48. Precision production	18,670	17,870	795	295,335	281,715	13,620
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	21,845	11,015	10,830	269,445	167,680	101,770
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	12,520	6,515	6,005	159,975	94,680	65,295
03. Natural resources and conservation	9,325	4,500	4,820	109,470	73,000	36,470
Health and related fields	239,960	58,120	181,845	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	18,145	9,295	8,850	129,560	63,315	66,245
51. Health professions and related programs	212,380	44,170	168,205	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	9,440	4,655	4,785	43,040	22,185	20,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	75,070	35,955	39,115	770,950	392,820	378,135
12. Personal and culinary services	47,120	14,595	32,530	431,415	114,395	317,025
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	260	225	40	2,725	2,355	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	210	15	4,425	3,975	445
43. Security and protective services	17,030	11,690	5,345	162,995	116,750	46,240
49. Transportation and materials moving	10,430	9,235	1,190	169,400	155,340	14,050
Other	250	75	170	2,590	745	1,845
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	250	75	170	2,585	740	1,845
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,878,585	909,340	969,245	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,607,145	1,242,560	1,364,585	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235
Location of study inside Canada	1,736,445	819,555	916,895	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890
Same as province or territory of residence	1,599,135	752,170	846,965	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575
Different than province or territory of residence	137,320	67,390	69,930	1,597,975	795,655	802,315
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	870,690	423,000	447,690	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	78,865	43,540	35,330	349,540	189,995	159,545
Philippines	93,650	32,815	60,840	298,830	109,820	189,020
India	137,910	69,690	68,220	281,415	142,410	138,995
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	54,970	30,515	24,455	232,035	131,050	100,980
China^{Census data footnote 162}	77,375	36,630	40,745	205,375	94,690	110,685
France	6,540	3,550	2,985	88,860	50,400	38,455
Other	421,380	206,260	215,120	1,253,790	618,135	635,655
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,020,615	1,447,200	1,573,410	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	939,930	470,525	469,405	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,080,685	976,680	1,104,005	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575
Location of study inside Canada	1,382,850	646,575	736,280	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545
Same as province or territory of residence	1,273,355	592,550	680,800	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665
Different than province or territory of residence	109,500	54,015	55,480	1,216,425	599,545	616,875
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	697,835	330,110	367,725	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	62,760	33,745	29,020	254,245	131,955	122,290
Philippines	79,090	27,270	51,820	263,095	96,025	167,065
India	118,455	58,170	60,290	239,535	117,445	122,090
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	34,420	18,765	15,660	133,655	73,575	60,085
China^{Census data footnote 162}	65,240	30,415	34,825	175,825	79,635	96,190
France	5,490	2,965	2,530	72,920	40,610	32,310
Other	332,375	158,785	173,590	993,135	475,145	517,990
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585
In the labour force	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645
Employed	2,720,530	1,407,640	1,312,890	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490
Unemployed	233,665	115,300	118,365	1,442,435	808,285	634,150
Not in the labour force	1,531,530	628,960	902,575	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945
Participation rate	65.9	70.8	61.3	65.2	69.6	61.0
Employment rate	60.6	65.4	56.3	60.2	63.8	56.7
Unemployment rate	7.9	7.6	8.3	7.7	8.3	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	4,485,725	2,151,895	2,333,830	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,487,830	612,205	875,630	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440
Worked	2,997,895	1,539,690	1,458,200	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,532,845	848,305	684,545	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,465,045	691,385	773,660	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.1	41.8	42.4	42.9	42.0
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85,760	39,655	46,105	404,350	197,705	206,640
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,868,435	1,483,280	1,385,155	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
Employee	2,505,850	1,246,505	1,259,345	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	362,585	236,780	125,805	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85,760	39,655	46,105	404,350	197,710	206,640
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,868,435	1,483,285	1,385,155	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005
0 Management occupations	337,265	203,770	133,495	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	530,385	190,720	339,665	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	251,395	191,580	59,810	1,273,660	990,560	283,105
3 Health occupations	160,610	39,320	121,285	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	327,425	100,020	227,405	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	119,645	59,275	60,370	557,275	255,705	301,570
6 Sales and service occupations	676,065	313,535	362,530	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	309,545	287,595	21,945	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	17,960	14,720	3,235	416,135	331,920	84,215
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	138,155	82,740	55,415	814,285	576,435	237,845
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,954,195	1,522,940	1,431,255	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	85,760	39,655	46,100	404,350	197,710	206,640
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,868,435	1,483,285	1,385,150	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,115	2,965	2,150	444,680	310,000	134,675
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,950	2,680	1,270	271,300	219,880	51,420
22 Utilities	13,965	9,465	4,500	136,350	100,135	36,210
23 Construction	163,810	142,960	20,845	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455
31-33 Manufacturing	256,170	167,975	88,200	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820
41 Wholesale trade	128,255	79,360	48,890	665,685	451,230	214,455
44-45 Retail trade	307,460	146,985	160,480	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	153,930	113,255	40,675	876,050	656,375	219,670
51 Information and cultural industries	100,825	58,430	42,395	420,350	243,650	176,705
52 Finance and insurance	233,060	112,580	120,480	790,580	327,865	462,715
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	76,725	41,670	35,055	333,305	184,350	148,955
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	317,960	179,905	138,055	1,335,125	740,520	594,605
55 Management of companies and enterprises	7,965	3,375	4,595	28,795	12,795	16,000
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	148,930	81,450	67,475	802,420	462,825	339,590
61 Educational services	208,170	65,400	142,770	1,346,585	420,845	925,735
62 Health care and social assistance	265,290	54,875	210,415	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	57,575	30,415	27,165	379,740	192,875	186,865
72 Accommodation and food services	189,685	87,920	101,765	1,283,725	535,210	748,515
81 Other services (except public administration)	123,585	50,940	72,645	814,695	371,880	442,815
91 Public administration	106,010	50,680	55,330	1,128,945	589,530	539,405
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,720,530	1,407,640	1,312,890	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495
Worked at home	196,035	100,435	95,595	1,272,285	639,500	632,785
Worked outside Canada	18,685	12,660	6,020	78,815	54,235	24,580
No fixed workplace address	311,760	220,515	91,245	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820
Worked at usual place	2,194,055	1,074,025	1,120,030	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	2,194,050	1,074,025	1,120,025	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,297,375	591,205	706,165	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	196,715	97,810	98,905	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	694,925	381,990	312,935	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030
Commute to a different province or territory	5,045	3,020	2,020	157,970	91,445	66,525
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	2,505,815	1,294,540	1,211,270	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,509,390	870,970	638,420	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	139,630	49,845	89,785	868,920	349,855	519,065
Public transit	656,330	276,110	380,220	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485
Walked	136,810	61,315	75,500	877,985	392,950	485,030
Bicycle	38,460	24,280	14,175	222,130	146,615	75,515
Other method	25,195	12,020	13,170	193,595	113,525	80,060
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	2,505,810	1,294,545	1,211,270	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130
Less than 15 minutes	341,440	156,775	184,665	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555
15 to 29 minutes	732,785	374,395	358,390	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130
30 to 44 minutes	668,925	362,510	306,415	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165
45 to 59 minutes	335,205	176,620	158,595	1,391,060	768,115	622,940
60 minutes and over	427,450	224,240	203,210	1,494,830	882,485	612,345
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	2,505,810	1,294,545	1,211,270	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	134,680	94,940	39,735	1,073,680	781,230	292,455
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	369,285	220,720	148,565	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	635,210	308,240	326,975	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	604,620	281,310	323,310	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	379,095	181,970	197,125	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	382,920	207,360	175,555	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	3,108,065	1,593,200	1,514,860	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285
Single responses	3,030,280	1,555,755	1,474,515	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130
Official languages	2,939,720	1,507,770	1,431,945	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075
English	2,928,795	1,504,810	1,423,990	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320
French	10,920	2,965	7,955	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750
Non-official languages	90,555	47,985	42,570	275,430	145,380	130,055
Aboriginal languages	10	10	0	24,950	12,385	12,565
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	14,440	7,370	7,070
Blackfoot	0	0	0	80	45	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	11,540	5,820	5,720
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,095	580	515
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	2,055	970	1,085
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	370	180	190
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	25	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	60	35
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	15	10	0
Woods Cree	10	0	0	75	35	40
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	7,795	3,965	3,835
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	925	510	420
Malecite	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	915	505	410
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,895	995	900
Algonquin	0	0	0	45	20	25
Ojibway	0	0	0	765	380	385
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	1,080	595	485
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,140	530	610
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	1,135	525	610
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	0	10
Dene	0	0	0	770	360	405
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	165	80	80
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	10	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	95	45	45
South Slavey	0	0	0	35	20	20
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	8,845	4,255	4,595
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	8,800	4,240	4,555
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	10	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	25	85
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	10	10
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	10	10
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	10	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	35	0	30
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	260	155	105
Dakota	0	0	0	20	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	145	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	0	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	35	15	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	90,550	47,985	42,570	250,485	132,990	117,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,790	1,015	770	7,380	4,530	2,850
Berber languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	0	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	15
Cushitic languages	100	45	55	275	105	170
Bilen	0	0	0	10	10	10
Oromo	20	10	0	45	25	20
Somali	85	35	50	220	80	145
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,680	970	710	7,065	4,420	2,650
Amharic	55	20	35	200	95	100
Arabic	1,115	725	385	5,585	3,695	1,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	100	75	30	205	155	55
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	30	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	335	100	240	825	335	490
Maltese	20	15	10	25	15	10
Tigrigna	45	25	15	135	70	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	65	35	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,770	735	1,030	8,550	3,790	4,760
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	25	20	475	230	245
Vietnamese	1,720	715	1,010	8,070	3,560	4,510
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,055	395	660	3,850	1,750	2,095
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	0	15	75	20	55
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	25	0	15
Ilocano	35	20	15	110	50	60
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	20	20	140	75	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	935	345	590	3,450	1,580	1,875
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	40	25	15
Creole languages	25	25	0	350	125	225
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	315	110	200
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	1,805	870	935	2,225	1,060	1,165
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	25	25	90	50	45
Tamil	1,735	840	890	2,090	1,005	1,080
Telugu	25	0	20	45	10	35
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages	26,205	14,420	11,790	85,550	47,305	38,245
Albanian	210	125	90	350	220	125
Armenian	130	70	65	450	220	230
Balto-Slavic languages	5,180	2,515	2,665	10,075	4,745	5,330
Baltic languages	55	20	35	95	35	60
Latvian	0	10	10	40	10	25
Lithuanian	45	20	30	60	25	30
Slavic languages	5,130	2,500	2,635	9,980	4,710	5,270
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	40	30	10	155	90	65
Bulgarian	110	75	40	205	110	90
Croatian	80	60	25	220	130	95
Czech	15	10	0	70	40	30
Macedonian	80	30	40	95	45	55
Polish	1,440	770	670	2,500	1,265	1,235
Russian	2,445	1,070	1,375	4,850	2,135	2,720
Serbian	165	105	55	530	320	210
Serbo-Croatian	15	15	0	30	25	0
Slovak	50	30	15	100	60	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	15	0	10
Ukrainian	680	290	390	1,210	485	725
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	10	0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	25	20	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages	355	140	220	13,285	7,455	5,835
Afrikaans	0	0	0	85	40	40
Danish	20	10	10	90	50	35
Dutch	60	40	20	1,165	630	540
Frisian	0	0	0	40	25	15
German	220	65	150	10,065	5,715	4,345
Icelandic	10	0	0	0	10	0
Norwegian	10	10	10	65	30	40
Swedish	20	10	15	125	55	70
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	35	20	15
Yiddish	15	10	15	895	390	505
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	720	495	225
Greek	340	185	150	1,020	545	475
Indo-Iranian languages	10,565	5,875	4,690	37,330	21,140	16,190
Indo-Aryan languages	8,150	4,360	3,790	32,485	18,125	14,360
Bengali	295	145	155	530	275	245
Gujarati	585	200	385	880	300	585
Hindi	710	340	370	1,405	755	650
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	10	0	10	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	30	15	15
Nepali	55	20	35	195	95	100
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,490	3,150	2,340	27,870	15,945	11,920
Sindhi	20	10	10	35	10	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	40	25	20
Urdu	935	465	470	1,495	705	790
Iranian languages	2,415	1,515	895	4,820	3,000	1,815
Kurdish	85	70	10	185	150	40
Pashto	15	10	0	50	20	25
Persian (Farsi)	2,320	1,440	880	4,580	2,830	1,750
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	9,410	5,505	3,910	23,025	12,965	10,060
Catalan	10	10	0	30	10	20
Italian	720	390	335	1,705	895	805
Portuguese	4,910	3,240	1,670	7,490	4,795	2,695
Romanian	220	95	125	745	365	380
Spanish	3,545	1,775	1,775	13,030	6,885	6,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	25	10	10
Japanese	765	250	520	3,255	1,195	2,065
Kartvelian languages	10	10	10	30	10	20
Georgian	10	10	0	30	10	20
Korean	4,205	2,125	2,080	12,150	6,260	5,885
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	70	35	35	235	120	115
Akan (Twi)	20	0	15	25	10	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	10	0	0
Ganda	20	15	10	20	10	10
Igbo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	25	0	15
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	80	50	30
Wolof	10	10	0	10	0	10
Yoruba	10	0	10	15	0	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	30	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	295	120	180	1,920	740	1,180
American Sign Language	195	50	140	1,145	340	810
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	135	15	115
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	65	40	640	390	255
Sino-Tibetan languages	51,785	27,560	24,220	122,880	65,030	57,850
Chinese languages	51,735	27,535	24,205	122,610	64,880	57,730
Cantonese	24,825	12,930	11,890	58,815	30,485	28,340
Hakka	35	10	30	70	25	45
Mandarin	25,715	14,005	11,710	60,090	32,430	27,665
Min Dong	30	20	10	25	15	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	220	145	75	565	335	225
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	20	0	105	65	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	890	405	480	2,930	1,530	1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	30	25	270	155	115
Burmese	0	0	10	75	35	35
Karenic languages	0	0	0	135	75	55
Tibetan	45	30	15	50	30	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	675	270	405
Lao	10	0	0	150	70	80
Thai	60	30	35	525	205	325
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	405	275	130	750	475	275
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	30	20	0
Turkish	385	260	125	685	435	255
Uyghur	0	10	0	15	15	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	290	130	160	595	270	325
Estonian	50	10	35	50	15	40
Finnish	35	10	30	105	40	65
Hungarian	205	115	95	435	225	215
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	80	45	35
Multiple responses	77,785	37,445	40,340	590,270	300,115	290,155
English and French	15,535	6,000	9,535	412,680	211,095	201,585
English and non-official language	61,045	30,905	30,145	154,285	77,870	76,420
French and non-official language	75	45	35	7,830	3,595	4,235
English, French and non-official language	1,130	495	635	15,475	7,565	7,915
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	3,108,060	1,593,200	1,514,865	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290
None	2,853,615	1,465,535	1,388,080	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490
English	42,865	20,790	22,075	1,259,225	661,460	597,765
French	44,295	19,000	25,295	705,780	349,035	356,745
Non-official language	162,965	85,830	77,140	496,565	257,455	239,105
Aboriginal	125	30	90	37,615	17,215	20,400
Non-Aboriginal	162,840	85,790	77,050	458,945	240,245	218,710
English and French	85	40	45	2,535	1,200	1,335
English and non-official language	1,165	560	600	18,040	8,765	9,280
French and non-official language	3,050	1,430	1,620	17,265	8,730	8,540
English, French and non-official language	20	20	0	115	90	30
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	5,316,405	2,578,540	2,737,865	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035
Non-movers	4,638,795	2,245,210	2,393,580	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605
Movers	677,605	333,320	344,285	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435
Non-migrants	411,950	201,845	210,100	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760
Migrants	265,660	131,475	134,185	1,823,475	897,805	925,670
Internal migrants	163,550	80,665	82,885	1,451,005	713,060	737,945
Intraprovincial migrants	138,890	68,355	70,540	1,189,525	580,895	608,630
Interprovincial migrants	24,655	12,315	12,340	261,475	132,160	129,315
External migrants	102,110	50,810	51,300	372,475	184,745	187,730
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	5,092,400	2,463,705	2,628,690	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245
Non-movers	3,128,180	1,505,965	1,622,210	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115
Movers	1,964,220	957,740	1,006,480	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130
Non-migrants	1,108,880	539,010	569,865	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905
Migrants	855,345	418,730	436,615	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230
Internal migrants	475,275	232,345	242,925	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395
Intraprovincial migrants	411,920	201,625	210,295	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720
Interprovincial migrants	63,350	30,720	32,630	829,045	414,375	414,670
External migrants	380,070	186,385	193,685	1,381,460	682,625	698,835

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

^r

revised. The 2011 count for this area has been revised.

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Canada [Country] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 26, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Canada [Country]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Canada [Country]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Toronto [Population centre], Ontario and Canada [Country]