Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and British Columbia [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Canada [Country]			British Columbia [Province]
	Data quality , Canada [Country] Map : Canada [Country] Change geography 1			Data quality : British Columbia [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	35,151,728	...	...	4,648,055	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	33,476,688	...	...	4,400,057	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.0	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	15,412,443	...	...	2,063,417	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	14,072,079	...	...	1,881,969	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.9	...	...	5.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8,965,588.85	...	...	922,503.01	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	35,151,730	17,264,200	17,887,530	4,648,055	2,278,245	2,369,815
0 to 14 years	5,839,565	2,992,920	2,846,645	691,390	355,400	335,985
0 to 4 years	1,898,790	973,030	925,760	220,625	113,355	107,275
5 to 9 years	2,018,130	1,034,685	983,445	236,900	122,070	114,830
10 to 14 years	1,922,645	985,200	937,445	233,860	119,975	113,885
15 to 64 years	23,376,530	11,576,130	11,800,400	3,107,680	1,527,280	1,580,400
15 to 19 years	2,026,160	1,039,215	986,940	258,980	133,000	125,985
20 to 24 years	2,242,690	1,144,495	1,098,200	287,560	147,615	139,945
25 to 29 years	2,285,990	1,144,470	1,141,515	303,000	151,585	151,415
30 to 34 years	2,329,395	1,148,290	1,181,110	313,750	155,035	158,715
35 to 39 years	2,288,365	1,118,635	1,169,730	293,590	143,070	150,520
40 to 44 years	2,255,135	1,104,440	1,150,695	295,045	141,930	153,115
45 to 49 years	2,359,965	1,157,760	1,202,210	322,365	155,325	167,040
50 to 54 years	2,678,075	1,318,755	1,359,320	354,375	172,065	182,310
55 to 59 years	2,620,240	1,285,190	1,335,055	354,925	171,210	183,715
60 to 64 years	2,290,510	1,114,885	1,175,630	324,095	156,450	167,645
65 years and over	5,935,630	2,695,150	3,240,485	848,985	395,560	453,425
65 to 69 years	1,972,480	953,075	1,019,405	287,520	139,490	148,035
70 to 74 years	1,420,875	677,975	742,900	201,785	97,675	104,110
75 to 79 years	1,021,850	469,550	552,300	145,225	68,715	76,510
80 to 84 years	749,650	325,765	423,880	105,255	48,645	56,610
85 years and over	770,780	268,790	501,990	109,190	41,035	68,155
85 to 89 years	482,525	185,535	296,990	67,510	27,930	39,575
90 to 94 years	223,510	68,675	154,835	31,815	10,615	21,205
95 to 99 years	56,525	13,240	43,280	8,545	2,215	6,330
100 years and over	8,230	1,340	6,890	1,325	275	1,050
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.3	15.9	14.9	15.6	14.2
15 to 64 years	66.5	67.1	66.0	66.9	67.0	66.7
65 years and over	16.9	15.6	18.1	18.3	17.4	19.1
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	41.0	40.1	41.9	42.3	41.5	43.1
Median age of the population	41.2	40.2	42.2	43.0	41.9	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	14,072,080	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Single-detached house	7,541,495	...	...	830,660	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,391,040	...	...	177,830	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	4,949,795	...	...	824,190	...	...
Semi-detached house	698,800	...	...	57,395	...	...
Row house	891,305	...	...	147,830	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	784,300	...	...	230,075	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,539,390	...	...	385,140	...	...
Other single-attached house	36,005	...	...	3,755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	189,755	...	...	49,290	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	14,072,080	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 person	3,969,790	...	...	541,910	...	...
2 persons	4,834,605	...	...	663,770	...	...
3 persons	2,140,640	...	...	277,690	...	...
4 persons	1,946,275	...	...	243,125	...	...
5 or more persons	1,180,770	...	...	155,470	...	...
Number of persons in private households	34,460,060	...	...	4,560,240	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	29,312,160	14,271,280	15,040,885	3,956,665	1,922,840	2,033,825
Married or living common law	16,893,720	8,452,135	8,441,585	2,297,325	1,146,175	1,151,150
Married	13,383,455	6,693,465	6,689,990	1,925,345	959,690	965,645
Living common law	3,510,265	1,758,670	1,751,590	371,985	186,485	185,505
Not married and not living common law	12,418,440	5,819,140	6,599,300	1,659,335	776,660	882,675
Never married	8,254,340	4,444,425	3,809,915	1,076,085	582,975	493,110
Separated	718,295	309,905	408,400	105,700	45,225	60,475
Divorced	1,816,005	725,535	1,090,470	263,870	103,475	160,395
Widowed	1,629,800	339,280	1,290,525	213,685	44,990	168,700
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	9,840,730	...	...	1,311,340	...	...
2 persons	5,007,790	...	...	703,685	...	...
3 persons	2,107,830	...	...	275,965	...	...
4 persons	1,909,935	...	...	243,960	...	...
5 or more persons	815,170	...	...	87,730	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	9,840,730	...	...	1,311,345	...	...
Total couple families	8,227,925	...	...	1,113,405	...	...
Married couples	6,474,005	...	...	927,440	...	...
Common-law couples	1,753,920	...	...	185,960	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	1,612,805	...	...	197,940	...	...
Female parent	1,262,340	...	...	155,670	...	...
Male parent	350,465	...	...	42,265	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	8,227,925	...	...	1,113,400	...	...
Couples without children	4,024,305	...	...	577,790	...	...
Couples with children	4,203,615	...	...	535,610	...	...
1 child	1,650,165	...	...	221,065	...	...
2 children	1,783,080	...	...	230,705	...	...
3 or more children	770,375	...	...	83,840	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	1,612,805	...	...	197,940	...	...
1 child	983,485	...	...	125,890	...	...
2 children	457,670	...	...	54,900	...	...
3 or more children	171,655	...	...	17,145	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,107,260	2,941,395	3,165,865	882,895	418,495	464,405
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	14,072,075	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One-census-family households	9,218,225	...	...	1,195,735	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	3,782,095	...	...	527,700	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	5,436,135	...	...	668,035	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	301,715	...	...	55,620	...	...
Non-census-family households	4,552,135	...	...	630,620	...	...
One-person households	3,969,790	...	...	541,915	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	582,350	...	...	88,705	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,080	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
English only	23,757,525	11,838,075	11,919,455	4,127,770	2,050,130	2,077,645
French only	4,144,685	1,925,845	2,218,840	1,810	820	985
English and French	6,216,065	3,071,325	3,144,740	314,925	140,650	174,275
Neither English nor French	648,970	265,920	383,045	153,910	63,795	90,115
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,020
English	26,007,500	12,852,330	13,155,165	4,373,330	2,156,680	2,216,655
French	7,705,755	3,780,105	3,925,650	55,325	27,680	27,640
English and French	417,485	209,130	208,355	18,000	8,315	9,685
Neither English nor French	636,515	259,600	376,910	151,760	62,720	89,040
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	7,914,495	3,884,670	4,029,825	64,325	31,840	32,480
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	22.8	22.7	22.8	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	34,767,255	17,101,170	17,666,085	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
Single responses	33,948,620	16,702,840	17,245,775	4,494,995	2,205,775	2,289,220
Official languages	26,627,555	13,201,620	13,425,940	3,227,535	1,614,375	1,613,160
English	19,460,850	9,680,125	9,780,725	3,170,110	1,585,760	1,584,355
French	7,166,705	3,521,495	3,645,215	57,425	28,615	28,810
Non-official languages	7,321,065	3,501,220	3,819,840	1,267,460	591,400	676,060
Aboriginal languages	195,700	94,795	100,900	8,435	3,940	4,490
Algonquian languages	130,450	62,930	67,520	1,050	445	605
Blackfoot	2,815	1,325	1,490	40	5	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	88,445	42,920	45,530	840	375	465
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	10,230	4,885	5,350	0	0	0
Moose Cree	100	50	55	5	5	0
Naskapi	1,205	590	620	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	315	125	190	10	0	10
Plains Cree	3,065	1,360	1,710	150	60	85
Southern East Cree	45	20	25	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	1,440	585	850	25	15	10
Woods Cree	1,840	865	975	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	64,050	31,305	32,745	585	270	320
Eastern Algonquian languages	6,990	3,310	3,680	10	5	10
Malecite	305	140	160	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	6,690	3,170	3,520	10	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	32,150	15,350	16,800	155	55	105
Algonquin	1,260	590	670	5	5	0
Ojibway	17,890	8,440	9,450	135	50	90
Oji-Cree	12,855	6,260	6,595	10	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	150	65	85	5	0	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	17,365	8,325	9,045	2,310	1,045	1,260
Northern Athabaskan languages	17,315	8,310	9,010	2,295	1,045	1,250
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	60	110	55	55
Beaver	190	85	105	160	75	85
Carrier	1,025	465	565	1,005	460	550
Chilcotin	660	295	360	650	295	355
Dene	10,700	5,185	5,515	90	35	50
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,645	840	815	5	0	0
Gwich'in	260	110	145	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	80	25	50	0	0	5
Sekani	90	45	45	85	40	45
Slavey-Hare languages	1,995	950	1,045	75	30	45
North Slavey (Hare)	765	365	400	5	0	0
South Slavey	945	455	495	20	5	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	280	130	150	50	25	30
Tahltan languages	270	135	140	105	45	50
Kaska (Nahani)	180	90	90	15	10	5
Tahltan	95	40	50	90	40	50
Tutchone languages	290	120	170	5	0	5
Northern Tutchone	215	90	135	5	0	0
Southern Tutchone	70	30	40	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	35	15	5	10
Haida	75	35	40	70	30	40
Inuit languages	36,545	18,100	18,445	80	30	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,025	445	575	10	0	10
Inuktitut	35,215	17,530	17,680	50	20	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	315	125	185	20	10	10
Iroquoian languages	1,115	485	635	15	10	5
Cayuga	45	20	20	0	0	0
Mohawk	980	430	555	10	5	5
Oneida	55	20	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kutenai	105	55	55	100	55	50
Michif	465	230	235	35	20	10
Salish languages	2,305	1,130	1,180	2,270	1,115	1,155
Comox	80	45	40	80	45	40
Halkomelem	475	225	245	475	230	245
Lillooet	315	155	155	315	155	160
Okanagan	270	135	135	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	445	225	220	435	220	215
Squamish	40	20	20	35	20	20
Straits	80	40	40	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	335	150	185	330	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	255	135	125	250	130	120
Siouan languages	4,285	2,070	2,220	45	25	20
Dakota	1,215	570	635	30	15	20
Stoney	3,025	1,465	1,555	0	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	5	5	0
Tlingit	95	40	55	30	15	15
Tsimshian languages	1,480	730	755	1,460	715	740
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	880	435	445	875	435	445
Nisga'a	400	200	200	385	195	190
Tsimshian	200	90	110	195	90	110
Wakashan languages	805	370	435	795	365	435
Haisla	90	40	50	90	40	55
Heiltsuk	95	40	55	100	45	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	325	145	185	320	140	180
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	285	135	140	275	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	5	10	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	585	295	295	190	80	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	7,125,365	3,406,425	3,718,945	1,259,025	587,455	671,570
Afro-Asiatic languages	575,365	298,060	277,300	24,870	13,405	11,465
Berber languages	22,135	11,865	10,270	115	75	45
Kabyle	13,150	6,995	6,155	40	30	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,985	4,865	4,115	80	45	30
Cushitic languages	42,885	20,095	22,790	1,505	765	740
Bilen	805	455	350	5	0	0
Oromo	4,960	2,560	2,400	205	115	95
Somali	36,755	16,895	19,865	1,270	640	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	365	195	170	20	10	15
Semitic languages	509,190	265,465	243,725	23,195	12,540	10,655
Amharic	22,465	10,720	11,745	1,370	670	700
Arabic	419,890	220,785	199,105	17,480	9,595	7,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	16,070	7,910	8,160	650	315	330
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5,545	2,780	2,770	440	245	200
Harari	1,320	635	685	20	5	15
Hebrew	19,530	10,480	9,045	2,065	1,125	940
Maltese	5,565	2,765	2,800	215	100	115
Tigrigna	16,650	8,310	8,340	805	395	405
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	2,155	1,085	1,070	150	80	65
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	1,155	635	520	55	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	176,725	81,810	94,920	28,740	13,170	15,575
Khmer (Cambodian)	20,130	9,270	10,860	1,560	710	850
Vietnamese	156,425	72,470	83,955	27,150	12,440	14,710
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	170	65	100	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	511,480	211,580	299,900	96,535	38,765	57,770
Bikol	1,790	790	1,000	375	165	215
Cebuano	19,890	7,930	11,960	4,065	1,565	2,505
Fijian	745	400	345	470	240	230
Hiligaynon	6,885	2,680	4,205	1,470	550	920
Ilocano	26,345	10,620	15,720	5,240	2,055	3,190
Malagasy	1,430	665	760	20	10	15
Malay	12,275	5,255	7,020	3,895	1,675	2,220
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	4,040	1,865	2,175	700	320	380
Pangasinan	1,390	590	800	295	130	170
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	431,380	178,575	252,810	78,770	31,550	47,220
Waray-Waray	1,110	430	675	215	85	135
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	4,195	1,770	2,425	1,015	435	580
Creole languages	72,125	32,310	39,820	840	440	400
Haitian Creole	3,030	1,445	1,590	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	64,105	28,455	35,660	500	255	245
Creole languages, n.i.e.	4,985	2,410	2,575	305	155	145
Dravidian languages	189,405	94,765	94,640	7,500	3,995	3,510
Kannada	3,970	2,040	1,935	280	150	135
Malayalam	28,570	14,770	13,800	2,385	1,260	1,130
Tamil	140,720	69,080	71,640	3,615	1,875	1,740
Telugu	15,655	8,640	7,020	1,175	695	480
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	490	240	250	45	20	25
Hmong-Mien languages	795	395	405	140	75	70
Indo-European languages	3,877,330	1,889,400	1,987,930	588,175	286,135	302,035
Albanian	26,890	13,610	13,285	1,465	765	705
Armenian	33,455	16,270	17,185	1,195	600	600
Balto-Slavic languages	701,975	323,640	378,340	83,110	38,595	44,515
Baltic languages	12,530	5,315	7,215	1,070	485	585
Latvian	5,455	2,350	3,105	565	255	300
Lithuanian	7,075	2,965	4,115	505	225	280
Slavic languages	689,450	318,325	371,115	82,040	38,110	43,930
Belarusan	810	385	430	95	45	50
Bosnian	12,210	6,035	6,180	1,360	675	685
Bulgarian	20,025	9,675	10,345	2,025	955	1,070
Croatian	48,200	23,540	24,665	7,475	3,655	3,820
Czech	22,290	10,525	11,765	5,920	2,850	3,070
Macedonian	16,775	8,050	8,725	325	160	165
Polish	181,710	82,435	99,275	16,910	7,875	9,035
Russian	188,255	85,400	102,855	25,955	11,640	14,310
Serbian	57,350	28,535	28,815	7,045	3,600	3,450
Serbo-Croatian	9,555	4,565	4,985	1,395	670	725
Slovak	17,580	8,075	9,510	3,400	1,525	1,870
Slovene (Slovenian)	9,790	4,415	5,370	1,160	545	615
Ukrainian	102,485	45,440	57,040	8,630	3,730	4,900
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	2,415	1,255	1,165	345	175	170
Celtic languages	2,690	1,335	1,360	615	325	290
Scottish Gaelic	1,090	540	550	240	130	110
Welsh	1,075	495	575	280	145	135
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	530	295	235	95	50	45
Germanic languages	538,765	258,410	280,350	101,725	48,350	53,380
Afrikaans	10,265	5,115	5,145	3,260	1,655	1,610
Danish	12,630	6,245	6,390	4,665	2,280	2,385
Dutch	99,020	48,200	50,820	21,020	10,130	10,895
Frisian	2,100	1,095	1,005	295	145	145
German	384,035	183,215	200,820	66,885	31,525	35,360
Icelandic	1,285	600	685	275	135	145
Norwegian	4,615	2,170	2,445	2,005	970	1,035
Swedish	6,840	3,015	3,825	2,520	1,100	1,420
Vlaams (Flemish)	3,895	1,730	2,165	445	220	225
Yiddish	13,555	6,750	6,800	290	150	140
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	525	280	240	65	45	25
Greek	106,525	53,350	53,170	6,115	3,245	2,870
Indo-Iranian languages	1,312,750	664,120	648,630	297,800	147,830	149,970
Indo-Aryan languages	1,064,760	538,530	526,235	251,000	124,260	126,740
Bengali	73,125	37,410	35,720	3,180	1,665	1,510
Gujarati	108,780	55,105	53,670	6,895	3,290	3,605
Hindi	110,640	55,880	54,765	26,720	12,910	13,810
Kashmiri	565	300	265	65	35	25
Konkani	3,330	1,625	1,710	255	130	125
Marathi	8,295	4,300	3,995	620	325	295
Nepali	18,275	9,230	9,045	1,155	620	540
Oriya (Odia)	1,055	560	495	70	35	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	501,680	253,515	248,160	198,805	98,525	100,285
Sindhi	11,860	5,605	6,260	1,675	780	895
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	16,335	8,050	8,285	1,675	845	830
Urdu	210,815	106,960	103,860	9,885	5,090	4,795
Iranian languages	242,805	122,835	119,970	46,390	23,355	23,035
Kurdish	11,705	6,345	5,355	1,765	945	825
Pashto	16,910	8,760	8,145	1,155	615	535
Persian (Farsi)	214,200	107,725	106,470	43,470	21,795	21,675
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5,180	2,755	2,425	410	220	195
Italic (Romance) languages	1,154,270	558,660	595,615	96,135	46,430	49,710
Catalan	865	440	425	160	85	75
Italian	375,635	184,415	191,220	22,680	11,445	11,230
Portuguese	221,540	106,630	114,910	17,450	8,240	9,210
Romanian	96,665	46,195	50,470	8,730	4,250	4,480
Spanish	458,850	220,605	238,245	47,010	22,335	24,675
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	720	380	340	105	65	40
Japanese	43,640	14,790	28,855	21,350	7,195	14,150
Kartvelian languages	1,715	910	805	85	50	35
Georgian	1,715	910	805	85	50	40
Korean	153,425	70,310	83,115	52,160	23,495	28,670
Mongolic languages	1,575	690	885	360	150	205
Mongolian	1,575	690	880	360	155	210
Niger-Congo languages	91,375	45,075	46,305	3,725	1,875	1,850
Akan (Twi)	13,455	6,490	6,970	495	275	220
Bamanankan	1,535	815	720	10	5	5
Edo	1,670	770	900	85	50	35
Ewe	1,760	950	805	85	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,825	1,495	1,335	45	25	20
Ga	920	445	470	45	20	25
Ganda	1,295	625	665	90	45	45
Igbo	4,235	2,265	1,970	245	145	105
Lingala	3,810	1,785	2,025	80	30	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	5,845	2,785	3,060	115	50	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,250	2,355	2,895	155	70	80
Shona	3,180	1,520	1,665	215	100	115
Swahili	13,370	6,385	6,990	805	400	405
Wolof	3,990	2,170	1,820	50	25	25
Yoruba	9,085	4,785	4,300	330	185	150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	19,135	9,435	9,695	885	410	480
Nilo-Saharan languages	5,870	3,025	2,845	340	175	165
Dinka	2,120	1,115	1,000	105	60	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	3,755	1,910	1,840	240	115	125
Sign languages	7,500	3,925	3,575	1,155	610	545
American Sign Language	2,685	1,320	1,360	470	230	240
Quebec Sign Language	695	340	355	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	4,120	2,265	1,860	690	380	305
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,269,215	589,570	679,645	410,920	187,725	223,190
Chinese languages	1,253,360	581,650	671,715	408,415	186,455	221,960
Cantonese	565,270	262,865	302,405	193,530	89,325	104,210
Hakka	10,910	4,900	6,015	2,325	1,010	1,315
Mandarin	592,040	274,630	317,410	186,325	84,370	101,955
Min Dong	1,230	580	650	230	105	120
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	31,795	14,450	17,350	11,210	4,995	6,215
Wu (Shanghainese)	12,915	5,780	7,140	4,540	1,995	2,545
Chinese, n.o.s.	38,580	18,165	20,410	10,050	4,570	5,480
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	610	275	335	205	85	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	15,850	7,925	7,935	2,500	1,265	1,230
Burmese	3,585	1,795	1,790	1,125	580	545
Karenic languages	4,705	2,355	2,350	815	395	425
Tibetan	6,165	3,080	3,080	330	175	160
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	1,400	695	705	230	120	110
Tai-Kadai languages	22,010	8,870	13,145	3,985	1,335	2,650
Lao	12,670	6,145	6,525	1,100	550	550
Thai	9,255	2,690	6,565	2,865	775	2,090
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	80	35	55	20	10	15
Turkic languages	40,140	21,120	19,025	4,140	2,295	1,845
Azerbaijani	3,260	1,785	1,470	530	290	235
Turkish	32,815	17,375	15,440	3,145	1,790	1,360
Uyghur	1,035	510	525	170	85	85
Uzbek	1,715	855	865	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,315	590	720	190	80	110
Uralic languages	81,985	37,790	44,195	13,490	6,285	7,205
Estonian	5,445	2,325	3,115	705	295	410
Finnish	15,295	6,395	8,900	3,760	1,555	2,200
Hungarian	61,235	29,060	32,175	9,025	4,435	4,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	3,690	2,045	1,645	500	280	225
Multiple responses	818,635	398,325	420,305	103,415	49,625	53,795
English and French	165,320	80,460	84,860	10,065	4,815	5,250
English and non-official language	533,265	259,160	274,100	89,135	42,820	46,315
French and non-official language	86,150	42,170	43,985	2,100	1,040	1,065
English, French and non-official language	33,900	16,535	17,365	2,115	950	1,165
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	34,767,250	17,101,165	17,666,085	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
Single responses	33,103,860	16,298,475	16,805,395	4,365,875	2,145,020	2,220,855
Official languages	29,106,670	14,383,020	14,723,645	3,648,500	1,807,825	1,840,675
English	22,162,865	10,966,135	11,196,730	3,631,700	1,799,625	1,832,075
French	6,943,800	3,416,890	3,526,910	16,795	8,195	8,605
Non-official languages	3,997,195	1,915,450	2,081,750	717,375	337,200	380,180
Aboriginal languages	118,470	59,720	58,750	1,565	765	795
Algonquian languages	75,080	37,825	37,260	105	50	55
Blackfoot	1,115	555	555	0	5	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	55,825	28,135	27,685	85	40	45
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,590	4,195	4,395	0	0	0
Moose Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	1,200	595	605	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	110	55	60	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,350	665	685	15	10	10
Southern East Cree	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	330	140	190	0	0	0
Woods Cree	800	410	390	0	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	37,945	19,240	18,710	60	30	30
Eastern Algonquian languages	3,615	1,795	1,820	5	0	0
Malecite	55	30	30	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,560	1,770	1,795	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	14,525	7,335	7,190	10	5	5
Algonquin	370	170	200	0	0	0
Ojibway	6,175	3,165	3,015	15	5	5
Oji-Cree	7,900	3,960	3,940	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	75	40	35	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10,265	5,125	5,135	610	290	320
Northern Athabaskan languages	10,255	5,120	5,135	605	290	315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	15	10	10	20	10	10
Beaver	50	30	20	40	20	20
Carrier	245	115	130	245	110	130
Chilcotin	255	125	130	260	125	130
Dene	7,710	3,805	3,905	15	5	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	1,020	550	475	0	0	0
Gwich'in	45	25	25	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sekani	15	10	5	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	820	425	395	10	5	5
North Slavey (Hare)	340	180	155	0	0	0
South Slavey	370	190	185	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	55	55	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	25	15	15	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	25	10	10	5	0	0
Tahltan	0	5	5	5	0	0
Tutchone languages	30	15	15	0	5	0
Northern Tutchone	25	15	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	10	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0
Haida	10	5	0	10	5	5
Inuit languages	29,490	14,995	14,495	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	165	75	90	0	0	0
Inuktitut	29,230	14,885	14,345	10	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	0	0	5
Iroquoian languages	285	135	155	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	255	115	140	0	0	0
Oneida	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	15	10	5	15	10	5
Michif	85	40	45	0	5	0
Salish languages	285	130	150	275	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	45	20	25	50	20	30
Lillooet	25	15	10	25	15	15
Okanagan	85	35	45	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	55	30	20	50	30	20
Squamish	5	0	5	5	5	0
Straits	20	10	15	25	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	20	10	10
Siouan languages	2,225	1,085	1,140	15	10	5
Dakota	255	140	120	10	10	5
Stoney	1,950	940	1,010	5	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	410	210	190	405	215	195
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	315	155	155	310	155	155
Nisga'a	70	40	30	70	45	25
Tsimshian	25	15	15	25	15	10
Wakashan languages	75	45	35	75	40	35
Haisla	20	10	15	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	5	5	5	5	5	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	20	10	10	25	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	15	30	15	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	235	110	125	45	15	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	3,878,725	1,855,730	2,022,995	715,815	336,435	379,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	307,755	153,275	154,480	13,990	7,065	6,920
Berber languages	8,105	4,215	3,895	45	25	20
Kabyle	5,490	2,855	2,640	20	10	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,620	1,365	1,260	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	27,095	12,455	14,640	770	355	415
Bilen	620	330	285	0	0	0
Oromo	3,410	1,700	1,710	90	50	45
Somali	22,895	10,340	12,555	665	300	360
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	185	85	95	15	5	10
Semitic languages	272,100	136,390	135,720	13,155	6,680	6,475
Amharic	12,780	6,010	6,770	600	275	320
Arabic	223,540	112,690	110,850	10,415	5,335	5,080
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10,510	5,090	5,425	405	195	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	3,445	1,695	1,750	310	165	145
Harari	735	335	400	10	5	5
Hebrew	8,560	4,425	4,135	900	465	440
Maltese	1,130	525	605	15	5	10
Tigrigna	10,205	5,040	5,170	410	190	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	1,200	585	620	95	45	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	440	215	230	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	115,210	53,500	61,710	17,870	8,305	9,560
Khmer (Cambodian)	10,880	4,940	5,945	800	375	420
Vietnamese	104,245	48,525	55,725	17,055	7,920	9,130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	85	40	45	15	10	5
Austronesian languages	239,785	108,110	131,680	40,605	17,945	22,660
Bikol	290	140	155	75	30	35
Cebuano	7,210	3,325	3,880	1,305	585	715
Fijian	195	105	90	110	65	55
Hiligaynon	2,205	970	1,240	415	175	240
Ilocano	9,125	4,045	5,080	1,615	695	930
Malagasy	435	220	210	10	5	10
Malay	3,620	1,710	1,910	1,120	510	605
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,200	565	630	150	70	80
Pangasinan	240	110	135	55	25	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	213,790	96,235	117,555	35,375	15,600	19,770
Waray-Waray	310	135	170	55	25	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	545	620	310	150	160
Creole languages	27,860	12,005	15,850	335	150	180
Haitian Creole	1,280	575	705	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	24,575	10,510	14,060	235	105	130
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,005	920	1,085	95	50	45
Dravidian languages	122,490	59,780	62,710	3,940	1,995	1,940
Kannada	1,630	825	800	110	55	60
Malayalam	15,440	7,865	7,575	1,225	615	605
Tamil	96,955	46,570	50,385	2,055	1,025	1,030
Telugu	8,280	4,430	3,850	535	295	240
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	190	85	105	15	5	10
Hmong-Mien languages	340	160	180	55	25	30
Indo-European languages	1,911,215	927,225	983,985	282,090	137,135	144,955
Albanian	13,135	6,575	6,560	695	335	360
Armenian	21,505	10,165	11,345	545	240	305
Balto-Slavic languages	314,965	149,315	165,650	31,640	15,150	16,490
Baltic languages	3,275	1,400	1,870	210	90	115
Latvian	1,255	530	725	80	30	50
Lithuanian	2,020	870	1,150	125	60	65
Slavic languages	311,690	147,910	163,780	31,430	15,060	16,370
Belarusan	230	105	120	15	5	5
Bosnian	6,045	3,010	3,040	595	300	300
Bulgarian	11,985	5,835	6,150	1,035	485	550
Croatian	16,775	7,980	8,795	2,235	1,055	1,180
Czech	6,235	3,060	3,180	1,595	800	795
Macedonian	6,830	3,250	3,580	150	75	75
Polish	74,780	34,910	39,870	5,690	2,720	2,970
Russian	116,595	55,175	61,425	13,310	6,290	7,020
Serbian	31,750	15,665	16,085	3,695	1,870	1,825
Serbo-Croatian	3,885	1,865	2,020	500	235	265
Slovak	5,615	2,685	2,920	1,000	480	520
Slovene (Slovenian)	2,050	905	1,145	145	65	85
Ukrainian	28,250	13,150	15,100	1,430	665	765
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	670	310	360	40	20	20
Celtic languages	360	205	155	70	40	30
Scottish Gaelic	185	105	80	35	20	10
Welsh	95	50	45	25	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	5	5	5
Germanic languages	146,455	71,835	74,615	14,430	6,870	7,555
Afrikaans	4,790	2,355	2,435	1,475	715	760
Danish	855	410	445	305	145	160
Dutch	9,565	4,630	4,935	1,895	890	1,005
Frisian	185	95	90	10	5	5
German	120,335	58,905	61,435	10,085	4,795	5,295
Icelandic	270	120	150	75	35	35
Norwegian	345	145	200	140	60	80
Swedish	1,045	500	545	360	170	195
Vlaams (Flemish)	355	170	185	50	30	20
Yiddish	7,080	3,695	3,385	10	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	1,625	820	810	15	5	5
Greek	44,545	21,110	23,440	2,010	975	1,035
Indo-Iranian languages	838,755	416,960	421,795	194,590	95,380	99,215
Indo-Aryan languages	676,185	337,440	338,745	164,185	80,610	83,575
Bengali	47,350	23,585	23,765	1,815	895	920
Gujarati	64,150	31,740	32,405	2,970	1,320	1,645
Hindi	55,510	27,805	27,710	12,310	5,890	6,425
Kashmiri	135	70	70	10	5	5
Konkani	720	355	370	40	25	25
Marathi	3,780	1,940	1,840	270	140	130
Nepali	13,375	6,710	6,670	665	345	320
Oriya (Odia)	470	235	240	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	349,145	174,905	174,240	139,080	68,565	70,515
Sindhi	4,975	2,280	2,695	615	270	345
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	7,790	3,860	3,925	675	330	340
Urdu	128,785	63,965	64,820	5,705	2,825	2,880
Iranian languages	160,195	78,310	81,880	30,205	14,665	15,540
Kurdish	6,580	3,400	3,175	1,080	540	535
Pashto	10,590	5,305	5,290	700	350	350
Persian (Farsi)	143,020	69,600	73,425	28,420	13,765	14,660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,215	1,160	200	100	100
Italic (Romance) languages	531,485	251,050	280,440	38,110	18,145	19,970
Catalan	355	165	190	65	35	35
Italian	115,415	49,975	65,440	5,200	2,245	2,955
Portuguese	98,710	46,915	51,795	6,725	3,140	3,580
Romanian	53,320	25,795	27,525	3,800	1,830	1,970
Spanish	263,510	128,110	135,400	22,310	10,900	11,410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	20	5	10
Japanese	19,785	8,265	11,515	9,860	4,070	5,790
Kartvelian languages	1,040	565	475	30	15	10
Georgian	1,035	565	475	30	15	15
Korean	109,705	51,385	58,320	38,605	17,785	20,820
Mongolic languages	910	440	470	170	80	90
Mongolian	910	435	470	165	80	85
Niger-Congo languages	28,665	13,340	15,320	960	430	530
Akan (Twi)	5,990	2,695	3,295	150	80	65
Bamanankan	340	180	160	5	5	5
Edo	415	175	240	15	10	10
Ewe	410	185	225	20	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	825	400	425	20	5	10
Ga	250	105	140	5	5	0
Ganda	345	160	185	10	5	5
Igbo	1,000	485	510	40	20	15
Lingala	1,045	455	590	35	15	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,110	990	1,115	55	20	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,530	670	865	60	25	35
Shona	1,035	475	560	65	25	40
Swahili	5,370	2,500	2,870	200	90	115
Wolof	1,380	745	635	20	10	10
Yoruba	2,615	1,275	1,340	60	30	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	4,010	1,850	2,160	200	85	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,650	1,305	1,350	140	60	75
Dinka	1,130	580	550	55	30	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,525	730	800	85	30	55
Sign languages	10,445	5,870	4,570	1,535	850	685
American Sign Language	3,015	1,560	1,460	455	230	225
Quebec Sign Language	730	375	355	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	6,690	3,935	2,755	1,080	615	460
Sino-Tibetan languages	924,720	433,530	491,190	299,420	137,555	161,865
Chinese languages	913,365	427,860	485,505	297,675	136,670	161,000
Cantonese	400,215	184,340	215,885	137,075	62,545	74,525
Hakka	4,080	1,820	2,265	700	295	410
Mandarin	462,890	220,075	242,815	146,435	67,695	78,740
Min Dong	345	150	195	65	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	13,965	6,345	7,625	4,820	2,185	2,630
Wu (Shanghainese)	7,650	3,580	4,075	2,595	1,195	1,400
Chinese, n.o.s.	23,935	11,440	12,500	5,885	2,680	3,205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	280	130	150	105	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	11,350	5,670	5,680	1,745	885	865
Burmese	2,245	1,115	1,125	720	375	350
Karenic languages	3,865	1,935	1,930	725	355	370
Tibetan	4,590	2,305	2,280	205	110	90
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	655	305	345	90	45	45
Tai-Kadai languages	9,565	4,455	5,110	1,380	595	785
Lao	6,175	2,995	3,180	460	225	235
Thai	3,360	1,450	1,915	920	370	545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	10	5	5
Turkic languages	22,250	11,205	11,045	1,695	880	815
Azerbaijani	1,245	640	610	195	105	95
Turkish	18,955	9,525	9,430	1,310	685	630
Uyghur	610	315	290	95	50	50
Uzbek	990	505	490	45	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	455	230	225	40	20	25
Uralic languages	23,245	10,715	12,535	3,005	1,415	1,590
Estonian	975	365	610	95	40	55
Finnish	2,790	1,220	1,565	725	325	400
Hungarian	19,485	9,125	10,355	2,185	1,050	1,130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,110	605	500	145	70	75
Multiple responses	1,663,390	802,695	860,690	232,540	110,375	122,165
English and French	160,185	77,940	82,235	6,155	2,970	3,185
English and non-official language	1,284,975	620,375	664,600	222,670	105,750	116,920
French and non-official language	148,915	70,915	78,000	650	290	360
English, French and non-official language	69,315	33,465	35,850	3,065	1,365	1,700
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	34,767,255	17,101,165	17,666,080	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
None	29,615,245	14,612,175	15,003,065	3,931,210	1,940,390	1,990,820
English	2,109,340	1,045,215	1,064,120	274,535	132,990	141,545
French	731,095	342,245	388,855	41,020	18,435	22,590
Non-official language	2,151,690	1,023,940	1,127,750	340,930	158,590	182,345
Aboriginal	90,740	42,890	47,850	7,985	3,765	4,215
Non-Aboriginal	2,060,945	981,055	1,079,895	332,945	154,820	178,125
English and French	47,970	23,785	24,190	1,195	545	650
English and non-official language	61,075	30,045	31,030	5,660	2,655	3,005
French and non-official language	48,755	22,690	26,065	3,765	1,745	2,020
English, French and non-official language	2,080	1,075	1,010	100	45	50
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,355	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,190	3,727,360	1,815,500	1,911,860
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,204	40,782	28,860	33,012	40,370	27,543
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,600
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,866	35,933	26,621	29,783	35,383	25,659
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	24,583,315	12,296,595	12,286,725	3,363,310	1,665,225	1,698,085
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,762	39,925	26,613	31,585	39,557	25,304
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	19,743,240	8,755,815	10,987,430	2,628,215	1,140,195	1,488,025
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,453	4,199	6,136	4,592	3,717	4,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	20,428,685	10,547,760	9,880,925	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,684	39,836	28,474	31,713	39,186	26,034
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,489,395	13,441,555	14,047,845	3,727,715	1,815,380	1,912,335
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	47,487	56,740	38,632	45,616	54,797	36,901
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	27,500,230	13,446,230	14,053,995	3,732,420	1,819,290	1,913,130
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,977	45,404	32,828	37,922	44,282	31,874
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	24,584,065	12,295,015	12,289,055	3,362,835	1,664,850	1,697,985
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,885	56,803	36,962	44,933	54,787	35,271
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	19,742,130	8,752,070	10,990,060	2,628,230	1,139,390	1,488,840
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,738	7,345	8,050	7,207	7,255	7,171
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	20,428,670	10,542,540	9,886,130	2,775,010	1,415,100	1,359,910
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,057	54,369	37,193	43,339	52,171	34,149
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	9,367,045	5,231,015	4,136,035	1,147,070	652,115	494,950
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,431	59,326	47,420	53,940	61,004	47,039
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	65,997	74,289	55,510	64,625	72,840	53,801
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.3	91.6	83.7	88.9	91.7	84.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	72.0	75.2	67.7	70.8	74.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.7	8.4	16.3	11.1	8.3	15.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without total income	1,154,450	546,285	608,165	142,970	67,370	75,600
With total income	27,488,530	13,444,335	14,044,195	3,727,360	1,815,505	1,911,860
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.3	96.4	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,877,620	1,668,960	2,208,655	573,315	240,120	333,195
$10,000 to $19,999	4,680,380	1,867,600	2,812,785	653,915	262,225	391,685
$20,000 to $29,999	3,807,840	1,593,335	2,214,505	503,290	209,095	294,195
$30,000 to $39,999	3,206,175	1,472,670	1,733,510	424,330	188,860	235,470
$40,000 to $49,999	2,827,045	1,376,565	1,450,480	366,220	173,020	193,200
$50,000 to $59,999	2,179,775	1,145,685	1,034,090	286,310	148,095	138,215
$60,000 to $69,999	1,655,070	938,755	716,310	222,975	129,400	93,580
$70,000 to $79,999	1,271,850	745,830	526,015	171,625	103,795	67,830
$80,000 to $89,999	966,885	579,290	387,590	134,090	83,100	50,990
$90,000 to $99,999	749,290	452,240	297,050	96,825	62,825	34,005
$100,000 and over	2,266,600	1,603,400	663,195	294,475	214,980	79,500
$100,000 to $149,999	1,493,570	1,024,210	469,365	198,355	142,260	56,095
$150,000 and over	773,025	579,190	193,830	96,115	72,715	23,405
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	28,642,980	13,990,620	14,652,360	3,870,330	1,882,870	1,987,460
Without after-tax income	1,143,795	541,620	602,175	138,350	63,495	74,855
With after-tax income	27,499,185	13,449,010	14,050,175	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,605
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.9	96.4	96.6	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,004,475	1,706,825	2,297,645	597,310	253,480	343,835
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905,055	1,972,920	2,932,130	686,510	280,490	406,015
$20,000 to $29,999	4,489,925	1,926,175	2,563,755	593,490	252,075	341,415
$30,000 to $39,999	3,924,960	1,870,705	2,054,250	495,200	226,080	269,120
$40,000 to $49,999	3,144,200	1,619,670	1,524,525	402,535	200,565	201,965
$50,000 to $59,999	2,209,280	1,245,570	963,705	293,450	167,870	125,585
$60,000 to $69,999	1,540,300	912,230	628,065	210,085	128,000	82,080
$70,000 to $79,999	1,076,180	654,570	421,610	151,775	95,230	56,545
$80,000 and over	2,204,820	1,540,335	664,485	301,635	215,590	86,045
$80,000 to $89,999	688,705	444,550	244,145	94,700	64,330	30,370
$90,000 to $99,999	420,975	291,090	129,885	59,050	42,050	17,000
$100,000 and over	1,095,140	804,690	290,445	147,885	109,215	38,670
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	28,642,980	13,990,625	14,652,360	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without employment income	8,214,295	3,442,860	4,771,430	1,095,320	467,570	627,745
With employment income	20,428,690	10,547,760	9,880,925	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Percentage with employment income	71.3	75.4	67.4	71.7	75.2	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,778,990	1,357,430	1,421,560	441,080	204,275	236,810
$5,000 to $9,999	1,602,140	697,025	905,120	212,715	90,015	122,705
$10,000 to $19,999	2,736,010	1,212,855	1,523,155	371,875	160,350	211,525
$20,000 to $29,999	2,293,785	1,022,090	1,271,695	309,470	135,945	173,525
$30,000 to $39,999	2,149,860	1,001,065	1,148,795	282,045	126,870	155,180
$40,000 to $49,999	1,928,565	946,625	981,940	253,810	118,870	134,935
$50,000 to $59,999	1,554,100	839,045	715,055	203,885	107,605	96,280
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220,310	708,270	512,040	163,740	98,205	65,535
$70,000 to $79,999	992,170	591,945	400,225	132,340	82,120	50,220
$80,000 and over	3,172,770	2,171,415	1,001,355	404,040	291,050	112,990
$80,000 to $89,999	773,755	475,700	298,055	106,680	67,815	38,860
$90,000 to $99,999	623,980	382,330	241,650	76,470	51,990	24,480
$100,000 and over	1,775,030	1,313,385	461,645	220,890	171,245	49,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	14,072,080	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	70,336	...	...	69,995	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,348	...	...	61,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	3,969,790	...	...	541,915	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,174	...	...	35,701	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,446	...	...	31,899	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	10,102,290	...	...	1,340,055	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,249	...	...	88,466	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	76,419	...	...	77,108	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	14,072,075	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	92,764	...	...	90,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	76,171	...	...	75,209	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,967,765	...	...	541,925	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,799	...	...	46,696	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,685	...	...	39,091	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	10,104,315	...	...	1,340,045	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	110,813	...	...	108,010	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	90,890	...	...	89,816	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	14,072,075	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	228,790	...	...	43,415	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200,315	...	...	27,140	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	374,575	...	...	55,745	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565,940	...	...	77,565	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	602,800	...	...	78,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	538,710	...	...	72,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	603,480	...	...	78,080	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	606,600	...	...	78,395	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	596,110	...	...	76,775	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	578,325	...	...	75,860	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,097,345	...	...	143,475	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,010,415	...	...	132,845	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	924,320	...	...	122,350	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	836,765	...	...	111,350	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	745,655	...	...	99,420	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,561,920	...	...	607,855	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,470,255	...	...	198,140	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,016,245	...	...	138,420	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,116,140	...	...	149,210	...	...
$200,000 and over	959,285	...	...	122,080	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	14,072,075	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	243,780	...	...	46,350	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	203,865	...	...	27,605	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	380,680	...	...	56,780	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	591,660	...	...	80,315	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	673,740	...	...	89,795	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	628,225	...	...	88,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	719,825	...	...	93,640	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	725,675	...	...	92,220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	711,180	...	...	91,635	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	691,695	...	...	88,520	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,299,680	...	...	165,685	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,169,515	...	...	150,650	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,041,635	...	...	136,430	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900,055	...	...	118,520	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	757,295	...	...	101,185	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,333,575	...	...	454,595	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,371,945	...	...	187,490	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	809,540	...	...	111,260	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,152,090	...	...	155,845	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	9,688,845	...	...	1,276,275	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,306	...	...	88,451	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,372	...	...	77,002	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	3,706,220	...	...	519,030	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	78,976	...	...	80,788	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	68,309	...	...	70,464	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	4,222,140	...	...	536,175	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	113,465	...	...	111,736	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,608	...	...	96,176	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,481,410	...	...	179,945	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,193	...	...	51,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	48,856	...	...	46,668	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	9,689,855	...	...	1,275,865	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,235	...	...	108,241	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,040	...	...	89,792	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	3,706,400	...	...	518,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,086	...	...	100,772	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	82,296	...	...	83,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	4,225,855	...	...	536,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	137,094	...	...	131,213	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,307	...	...	108,407	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,477,190	...	...	179,615	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	65,549	...	...	63,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	56,687	...	...	54,655	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	5,313,545	2,608,845	2,704,705	768,855	373,390	395,465
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,890	34,483	29,801	31,255	33,342	29,674
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,959	30,746	27,495	28,320	29,815	27,221
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	5,299,050	2,596,985	2,702,070	766,660	371,595	395,060
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	42,939	46,085	39,915	41,666	44,615	38,892
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,801	37,724	33,952	35,191	37,100	33,395
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	34,460,065	16,971,550	17,488,515	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
In the bottom half of the distribution	17,229,835	8,256,970	8,972,865	2,265,245	1,078,695	1,186,555
In the bottom decile	3,445,950	1,672,900	1,773,050	537,405	258,275	279,140
In the second decile	3,445,660	1,564,965	1,880,700	449,395	205,320	244,075
In the third decile	3,446,165	1,641,930	1,804,235	420,355	198,845	221,510
In the fourth decile	3,445,850	1,677,120	1,768,730	422,805	203,710	219,095
In the fifth decile	3,446,210	1,700,060	1,746,150	435,290	212,555	222,735
In the top half of the distribution	17,230,230	8,714,580	8,515,650	2,294,990	1,158,795	1,136,195
In the sixth decile	3,445,695	1,716,510	1,729,185	442,070	218,225	223,845
In the seventh decile	3,446,470	1,730,975	1,715,500	451,795	226,240	225,555
In the eighth decile	3,445,940	1,741,640	1,704,300	462,900	233,935	228,970
In the ninth decile	3,446,045	1,751,850	1,694,195	473,535	241,165	232,375
In the top decile	3,446,080	1,773,600	1,672,475	464,685	239,235	225,450
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	33,968,295	16,724,265	17,244,035	4,477,875	2,196,415	2,281,460
0 to 17 years	6,836,380	3,504,250	3,332,125	822,390	422,685	399,710
0 to 5 years	2,228,770	1,142,505	1,086,270	260,110	133,670	126,445
18 to 64 years	21,695,090	10,690,090	11,005,005	2,876,495	1,404,390	1,472,105
65 years and over	5,436,830	2,529,930	2,906,905	778,990	369,345	409,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,809,940	2,243,200	2,566,740	694,960	325,015	369,940
0 to 17 years	1,163,830	597,570	566,255	151,880	78,110	73,770
0 to 5 years	396,095	203,055	193,030	46,920	24,035	22,885
18 to 64 years	2,855,290	1,341,590	1,513,700	427,085	198,475	228,615
65 years and over	790,825	304,040	486,780	115,990	48,430	67,560
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.4	14.9	15.5	14.8	16.2
0 to 17 years (%)	17.0	17.1	17.0	18.5	18.5	18.5
0 to 5 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.8	18.0	18.0	18.1
18 to 64 years (%)	13.2	12.5	13.8	14.8	14.1	15.5
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.0	16.7	14.9	13.1	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,128,995	1,519,370	1,609,630	491,645	236,430	255,215
0 to 17 years	696,025	357,255	338,770	99,330	50,890	48,450
0 to 5 years	236,435	121,170	115,260	29,250	14,930	14,315
18 to 64 years	2,157,745	1,057,585	1,100,160	345,345	165,740	179,605
65 years and over	275,225	104,525	170,695	46,965	19,805	27,165
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	11.0	10.8	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.2	10.2	10.2	12.1	12.0	12.1
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	10.6	10.6	11.2	11.2	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.9	10.0	12.0	11.8	12.2
65 years and over (%)	5.1	4.1	5.9	6.0	5.4	6.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
Official languages	33,818,210	16,709,290	17,108,920	4,407,125	2,173,840	2,233,285
English	29,748,265	14,806,270	14,941,995	4,405,380	2,173,040	2,232,340
French	10,242,945	4,952,455	5,290,495	314,225	140,085	174,140
Non-official languages	9,369,280	4,488,185	4,881,090	1,546,550	727,200	819,355
Aboriginal languages	263,845	127,550	136,295	17,190	8,115	9,075
Algonquian languages	177,570	85,505	92,065	1,950	905	1,045
Blackfoot	5,645	2,695	2,950	35	0	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	116,585	56,515	60,070	1,600	795	805
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	11,440	5,500	5,945	0	0	0
Moose Cree	195	80	115	15	0	10
Naskapi	1,465	710	755	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	545	225	320	10	0	10
Plains Cree	5,905	2,705	3,200	345	160	180
Southern East Cree	40	30	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	2,345	995	1,350	55	25	30
Woods Cree	2,665	1,230	1,435	80	45	40
Cree, n.o.s.	86,115	42,080	44,035	1,090	560	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	9,765	4,710	5,050	30	20	10
Malecite	755	370	390	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	9,025	4,350	4,670	25	15	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	46,685	22,100	24,585	310	100	205
Algonquin	2,480	1,165	1,315	20	0	15
Ojibway	28,585	13,365	15,220	275	95	180
Oji-Cree	15,610	7,575	8,030	15	0	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	205	105	105	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	23,655	11,340	12,320	4,375	2,050	2,330
Northern Athabaskan languages	23,570	11,300	12,265	4,345	2,035	2,315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	210	105	100	200	100	95
Beaver	340	180	165	255	130	130
Carrier	2,105	955	1,145	2,045	940	1,110
Chilcotin	1,150	535	610	1,130	525	605
Dene	13,060	6,270	6,790	130	55	80
Dogrib (Tlicho)	2,375	1,210	1,165	0	0	0
Gwich'in	360	165	200	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	60	90	0	0	0
Sekani	185	85	100	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	2,815	1,340	1,475	125	60	75
North Slavey (Hare)	1,010	475	530	10	0	10
South Slavey	1,365	660	710	25	15	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	680	320	360	105	45	60
Tahltan languages	630	340	285	290	155	130
Kaska (Nahani)	365	205	170	35	20	15
Tahltan	270	140	130	250	135	120
Tutchone languages	420	160	260	10	0	10
Northern Tutchone	285	115	170	0	0	10
Southern Tutchone	145	50	95	10	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	30	15	10
Haida	465	205	260	455	195	255
Inuit languages	42,980	21,355	21,630	170	70	95
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	1,975	895	1,080	20	10	10
Inuktitut	40,620	20,280	20,340	120	50	70
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	35	15	25
Iroquoian languages	2,800	1,240	1,555	30	10	15
Cayuga	125	40	85	0	0	0
Mohawk	2,415	1,120	1,295	25	10	15
Oneida	180	60	125	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	115	45	75	0	10	0
Kutenai	175	95	80	170	95	80
Michif	1,210	585	625	110	50	60
Salish languages	5,750	2,730	3,015	5,660	2,690	2,970
Comox	185	75	110	185	75	105
Halkomelem	1,060	475	585	1,045	470	570
Lillooet	790	405	385	790	405	385
Okanagan	820	370	450	805	360	445
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,305	640	665	1,280	630	650
Squamish	285	125	155	280	125	155
Straits	360	160	200	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	450	220	235	440	220	220
Salish languages, n.i.e.	565	295	270	540	280	260
Siouan languages	5,430	2,665	2,770	55	20	35
Dakota	1,760	870	890	30	15	15
Stoney	3,675	1,805	1,875	10	10	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	140	70	70	15	10	10
Tlingit	260	140	120	60	40	20
Tsimshian languages	2,730	1,350	1,380	2,685	1,330	1,350
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,305	645	660	1,275	635	645
Nisga'a	1,060	545	515	1,035	535	500
Tsimshian	410	180	235	405	180	230
Wakashan languages	1,490	680	805	1,460	670	795
Haisla	175	65	110	175	65	105
Heiltsuk	125	50	75	120	50	70
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	605	285	320	590	275	315
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	565	265	300	560	265	295
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	20	15	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	665	310	360	240	105	135
Non-Aboriginal languages	9,107,075	4,361,420	4,745,660	1,529,635	719,190	810,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	837,355	432,560	404,795	35,115	18,585	16,530
Berber languages	29,460	15,745	13,715	145	95	45
Kabyle	17,120	9,100	8,015	65	40	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	12,505	6,735	5,775	80	60	20
Cushitic languages	57,125	26,870	30,250	2,070	955	1,120
Bilen	1,085	625	470	20	10	15
Oromo	6,245	3,070	3,175	245	140	110
Somali	49,665	23,070	26,590	1,800	815	985
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	480	220	265	10	0	10
Semitic languages	771,130	400,780	370,350	33,110	17,660	15,460
Amharic	33,670	16,675	16,995	2,095	1,050	1,045
Arabic	629,055	329,235	299,820	24,230	13,180	11,050
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	19,745	9,720	10,020	760	370	390
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	7,115	3,505	3,610	570	285	285
Harari	1,710	855	860	55	35	20
Hebrew	75,020	38,730	36,290	5,450	2,805	2,645
Maltese	7,625	3,760	3,870	315	155	155
Tigrigna	21,340	10,640	10,705	1,055	560	495
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	3,220	1,655	1,565	300	160	140
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	2,775	1,440	1,335	170	85	85
Austro-Asiatic languages	224,865	105,845	119,020	35,915	17,130	18,785
Khmer (Cambodian)	27,035	12,640	14,400	1,875	850	1,020
Vietnamese	198,895	93,735	105,155	34,140	16,295	17,840
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	190	70	120	55	30	25
Austronesian languages	656,200	273,075	383,125	125,425	51,215	74,210
Bikol	2,075	885	1,190	530	215	310
Cebuano	27,045	10,960	16,085	5,365	2,000	3,370
Fijian	1,660	955	705	1,095	655	440
Hiligaynon	7,925	3,200	4,720	1,685	710	975
Ilocano	34,530	13,805	20,730	6,450	2,480	3,970
Malagasy	2,335	1,120	1,220	25	15	10
Malay	22,470	10,370	12,100	7,495	3,480	4,010
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5,425	2,445	2,980	855	365	495
Pangasinan	1,800	790	1,015	480	205	275
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	612,735	253,210	359,530	113,265	45,455	67,805
Waray-Waray	1,395	530	860	320	130	195
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5,585	2,540	3,040	1,515	740	775
Creole languages	155,615	70,545	85,070	2,485	1,320	1,165
Haitian Creole	6,850	3,140	3,710	135	55	75
Creole, n.o.s.	133,045	59,890	73,160	1,310	730	585
Creole languages, n.i.e.	16,635	7,955	8,675	1,055	540	515
Dravidian languages	250,180	126,220	123,960	10,390	5,485	4,905
Kannada	8,245	4,180	4,065	510	250	265
Malayalam	37,810	19,410	18,400	3,350	1,795	1,550
Tamil	189,860	94,640	95,220	5,445	2,830	2,610
Telugu	23,160	12,770	10,390	1,720	970	750
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	790	385	405	85	30	55
Hmong-Mien languages	870	435	435	165	85	80
Indo-European languages	5,158,010	2,506,455	2,651,555	764,815	371,760	393,060
Albanian	31,930	16,140	15,790	1,640	840	795
Armenian	41,295	19,980	21,315	1,680	845	835
Balto-Slavic languages	817,315	384,960	432,350	94,050	44,710	49,340
Baltic languages	14,675	6,470	8,205	1,030	515	520
Latvian	6,500	2,960	3,540	555	290	265
Lithuanian	8,185	3,510	4,675	475	220	250
Slavic languages	805,915	379,965	425,945	93,235	44,305	48,940
Belarusan	2,265	1,070	1,195	245	115	125
Bosnian	18,265	9,055	9,215	2,075	1,020	1,050
Bulgarian	22,425	10,920	11,505	2,430	1,105	1,325
Croatian	69,840	34,515	35,325	10,685	5,255	5,430
Czech	28,720	13,675	15,050	7,480	3,665	3,815
Macedonian	23,075	11,190	11,880	400	220	185
Polish	214,965	99,365	115,600	19,175	8,980	10,190
Russian	269,645	127,055	142,595	33,990	15,850	18,135
Serbian	73,775	37,040	36,740	9,110	4,625	4,485
Serbo-Croatian	11,275	5,525	5,750	1,525	770	750
Slovak	21,470	10,215	11,255	4,270	2,045	2,225
Slovene (Slovenian)	11,495	5,205	6,290	1,375	610	760
Ukrainian	132,115	58,820	73,300	10,740	4,835	5,905
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	3,000	1,590	1,405	420	215	205
Celtic languages	9,165	4,705	4,455	1,855	990	865
Scottish Gaelic	3,980	2,010	1,975	660	395	265
Welsh	1,690	830	860	345	145	195
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	3,590	1,915	1,680	860	450	410
Germanic languages	695,535	337,215	358,320	136,685	65,350	71,335
Afrikaans	23,410	11,795	11,610	7,670	3,875	3,800
Danish	15,745	7,320	8,425	5,510	2,490	3,020
Dutch	120,865	57,885	62,990	24,060	11,520	12,550
Frisian	2,910	1,515	1,395	465	230	240
German	502,730	245,745	256,985	95,005	45,840	49,165
Icelandic	1,780	830	945	405	210	195
Norwegian	8,120	3,860	4,260	2,845	1,425	1,415
Swedish	14,140	6,510	7,635	4,825	2,125	2,695
Vlaams (Flemish)	4,400	1,945	2,455	545	270	275
Yiddish	20,985	10,435	10,550	505	225	280
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	8,710	4,425	4,285	155	95	60
Greek	150,965	75,510	75,455	9,095	4,725	4,370
Indo-Iranian languages	1,658,220	840,850	817,365	363,205	181,340	181,865
Indo-Aryan languages	1,387,805	704,370	683,435	311,955	155,465	156,490
Bengali	91,220	46,935	44,285	3,670	1,885	1,785
Gujarati	149,045	74,765	74,285	11,500	5,455	6,050
Hindi	433,365	221,665	211,700	81,330	39,950	41,380
Kashmiri	905	490	420	60	30	25
Konkani	6,790	3,185	3,605	415	215	200
Marathi	15,570	8,200	7,365	1,475	780	695
Nepali	21,380	10,915	10,470	1,485	725	760
Oriya (Odia)	1,535	755	775	70	40	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	668,240	341,450	326,790	244,485	122,450	122,035
Sindhi	20,260	9,310	10,945	3,300	1,415	1,885
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	27,825	13,970	13,855	2,430	1,265	1,170
Urdu	322,220	164,685	157,535	16,750	8,840	7,915
Iranian languages	281,715	142,030	139,680	52,300	26,435	25,870
Kurdish	15,290	8,290	7,000	2,225	1,185	1,040
Pashto	23,180	12,465	10,715	1,660	940	725
Persian (Farsi)	252,320	126,565	125,755	49,835	25,135	24,690
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	8,875	4,715	4,155	935	490	450
Italic (Romance) languages	1,897,630	898,530	999,100	177,685	83,505	94,185
Catalan	2,035	1,145	890	395	210	180
Italian	574,725	278,500	296,225	37,475	18,075	19,400
Portuguese	295,955	144,465	151,485	23,260	11,060	12,200
Romanian	115,050	55,275	59,770	10,045	4,945	5,105
Spanish	995,255	460,250	535,010	115,115	53,215	61,900
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	2,680	1,610	1,075	380	245	140
Japanese	83,090	36,760	46,335	36,990	15,955	21,040
Kartvelian languages	2,150	1,075	1,075	115	55	60
Georgian	2,150	1,080	1,070	115	55	55
Korean	172,755	80,170	92,590	57,490	26,310	31,180
Mongolic languages	2,090	960	1,130	370	170	200
Mongolian	2,090	960	1,130	370	165	195
Niger-Congo languages	177,215	88,135	89,080	8,025	4,130	3,895
Akan (Twi)	22,145	10,810	11,340	630	350	280
Bamanankan	3,190	1,660	1,530	30	20	15
Edo	3,220	1,510	1,705	145	80	60
Ewe	3,000	1,685	1,315	135	90	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	4,725	2,460	2,260	105	30	70
Ga	2,250	1,140	1,110	150	95	50
Ganda	2,495	1,175	1,320	165	80	85
Igbo	8,850	4,710	4,140	425	240	185
Lingala	17,010	7,865	9,145	280	125	150
Rundi (Kirundi)	8,590	4,075	4,515	125	45	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	7,860	3,600	4,260	290	125	165
Shona	5,425	2,530	2,905	415	220	195
Swahili	38,680	19,565	19,115	3,365	1,785	1,575
Wolof	8,240	4,455	3,785	50	25	30
Yoruba	22,420	11,475	10,940	885	455	435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40,760	20,375	20,385	1,835	840	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages	7,015	3,520	3,495	405	210	200
Dinka	2,475	1,280	1,190	85	50	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	4,555	2,240	2,315	325	155	165
Sign languages	48,115	18,985	29,130	7,545	2,865	4,680
American Sign Language	21,930	7,780	14,155	3,860	1,280	2,575
Quebec Sign Language	4,665	1,665	3,005	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	22,275	9,835	12,440	3,780	1,615	2,160
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,430,440	672,100	758,340	457,595	211,220	246,375
Chinese languages	1,413,110	663,465	749,640	454,885	209,850	245,030
Cantonese	699,125	325,840	373,285	234,445	108,485	125,960
Hakka	12,445	5,555	6,890	2,715	1,290	1,430
Mandarin	814,450	377,635	436,815	265,635	119,995	145,640
Min Dong	1,045	440	600	130	55	75
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	42,840	19,005	23,835	16,410	7,230	9,185
Wu (Shanghainese)	16,530	7,490	9,040	5,600	2,445	3,155
Chinese, n.o.s.	41,690	19,995	21,690	10,380	4,725	5,650
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	590	250	340	200	75	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	18,270	9,100	9,175	3,000	1,500	1,505
Burmese	4,995	2,490	2,500	1,490	730	755
Karenic languages	4,895	2,425	2,475	955	485	465
Tibetan	7,050	3,555	3,490	375	205	165
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	2,375	1,160	1,220	330	150	180
Tai-Kadai languages	30,400	13,210	17,195	5,635	2,190	3,450
Lao	17,235	8,240	8,990	1,630	735	890
Thai	15,390	5,875	9,520	4,275	1,535	2,740
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	115	50	65	10	10	0
Turkic languages	60,530	31,585	28,945	6,785	3,685	3,095
Azerbaijani	5,450	2,885	2,565	945	510	435
Turkish	50,775	26,605	24,165	5,585	3,025	2,555
Uyghur	1,385	685	700	115	60	55
Uzbek	2,465	1,230	1,235	170	95	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	1,870	905	965	275	140	130
Uralic languages	94,810	44,270	50,545	15,280	7,095	8,185
Estonian	6,070	2,750	3,315	780	350	425
Finnish	17,595	7,540	10,050	4,030	1,640	2,385
Hungarian	71,285	34,005	37,280	10,495	5,100	5,395
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	10	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	9,730	5,375	4,355	1,045	575	470
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	4,560,235	2,237,485	2,322,750
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	32,034,590	15,799,495	16,235,090	4,138,300	2,038,285	2,100,015
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,652,795	3,412,785	3,240,010	790,485	406,970	383,510
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,381,795	12,386,710	12,995,080	3,347,820	1,631,310	1,716,505
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	2,425,480	1,172,085	1,253,400	421,935	199,205	222,735
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	26,412,610	13,124,325	13,288,290	3,167,155	1,584,305	1,582,855
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Before 1981	1,941,510	927,795	1,013,715	356,155	171,330	184,825
1981 to 1990	915,555	439,245	476,310	152,220	70,475	81,750
1991 to 2000	1,486,655	696,720	789,940	287,505	132,190	155,315
2001 to 2010	1,985,035	940,570	1,044,465	321,240	147,250	173,985
2001 to 2005	928,935	439,890	489,050	147,735	67,425	80,305
2006 to 2010	1,056,095	500,680	555,415	173,505	79,825	93,680
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	1,212,075	582,175	629,895	175,555	82,555	92,995
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	506,625	260,755	245,870	100,405	49,385	51,020
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	7,540,830	3,586,500	3,954,335	1,292,670	603,800	688,875
Under 5 years	731,340	364,165	367,175	112,665	56,495	56,175
5 to 14 years	1,311,810	665,870	645,945	212,710	108,975	103,730
15 to 24 years	1,604,430	724,430	880,005	279,495	126,690	152,805
25 to 44 years	3,198,920	1,513,970	1,684,950	537,500	242,185	295,310
45 years and over	694,320	318,060	376,260	150,305	69,455	80,845
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	7,540,830	3,586,495	3,954,330	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Americas	1,128,745	510,650	618,100	110,850	50,515	60,330
Brazil	29,320	13,235	16,080	3,800	1,545	2,260
Colombia	70,035	32,065	37,965	3,915	1,720	2,195
El Salvador	48,080	23,865	24,215	5,425	2,710	2,715
Guyana	87,685	38,940	48,745	1,305	600	710
Haiti	93,480	40,955	52,525	570	250	315
Jamaica	138,345	59,960	78,390	3,505	1,770	1,735
Mexico	80,585	37,530	43,055	10,375	4,425	5,945
Peru	29,615	12,950	16,665	3,265	1,330	1,930
Trinidad and Tobago	65,040	29,325	35,710	2,620	1,205	1,415
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	253,715	113,505	140,215	57,780	26,425	31,355
Other places of birth in Americas	232,850	108,325	124,530	18,295	8,530	9,765
Europe	2,088,410	1,015,145	1,073,260	319,885	156,975	162,915
Bosnia and Herzegovina	36,135	18,050	18,085	4,570	2,230	2,345
Croatia	40,045	20,005	20,035	5,780	2,945	2,830
France	105,565	55,395	50,170	5,700	2,895	2,805
Germany	145,845	69,525	76,320	35,045	16,835	18,210
Greece	62,715	31,580	31,135	3,630	1,965	1,670
Hungary	36,820	17,945	18,875	6,175	3,145	3,030
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	28,325	14,355	13,970	5,890	3,090	2,795
Italy	236,640	118,595	118,040	15,405	8,050	7,355
Netherlands	88,475	45,185	43,295	18,225	9,365	8,855
Poland	146,465	66,450	80,020	15,115	6,965	8,145
Portugal	139,450	68,150	71,300	8,215	4,125	4,090
Romania	90,305	42,795	47,510	8,995	4,400	4,595
Russian Federation	78,685	34,265	44,420	10,920	4,700	6,215
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	33,320	16,325	17,000	4,480	2,225	2,260
Ukraine	73,030	33,360	39,665	7,500	3,520	3,980
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	499,115	243,225	255,890	123,810	60,975	62,835
Other places of birth in Europe	247,470	119,945	127,530	40,425	19,545	20,880
Africa	637,485	322,510	314,970	42,805	21,500	21,310
Algeria	64,620	33,920	30,705	485	310	175
Egypt	64,615	34,125	30,495	2,705	1,480	1,225
Ethiopia	32,790	15,980	16,810	2,070	1,015	1,060
Kenya	27,150	12,810	14,340	4,705	2,175	2,535
Morocco	69,655	36,120	33,535	985	535	455
Nigeria	42,430	21,830	20,600	1,740	925	815
Somalia	27,230	12,070	15,160	1,080	515	570
South Africa, Republic of	44,660	22,205	22,460	13,375	6,700	6,675
Other places of birth in Africa	264,320	133,450	130,870	15,645	7,840	7,800
Asia	3,629,160	1,709,985	1,919,175	788,055	359,835	428,220
Afghanistan	51,955	26,030	25,930	5,040	2,550	2,490
Bangladesh	58,735	29,875	28,865	2,125	1,080	1,040
China^{Census data footnote 59}	649,260	290,800	358,460	199,990	89,145	110,845
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	208,940	98,020	110,915	74,210	34,120	40,090
India	668,565	334,030	334,540	162,650	79,395	83,245
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	154,425	77,970	76,455	37,160	18,890	18,270
Iraq	68,485	34,785	33,705	5,550	2,855	2,690
Japan	27,240	7,955	19,285	13,365	3,840	9,520
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	123,305	57,170	66,140	41,515	18,870	22,645
Lebanon	88,745	47,295	41,450	2,235	1,290	950
Pakistan	202,260	103,225	99,035	10,665	5,470	5,190
Philippines	588,305	247,095	341,210	112,100	45,890	66,210
Sri Lanka	131,995	64,825	67,170	4,585	2,360	2,230
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	52,960	26,595	26,365	2,845	1,450	1,400
Taiwan	63,770	28,170	35,605	38,900	17,450	21,450
Viet Nam	169,250	78,000	91,250	27,875	12,970	14,905
Other places of birth in Asia	320,965	158,150	162,815	47,255	22,215	25,045
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	57,030	28,210	28,825	31,075	14,975	16,100
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,212,075	582,180	629,895	175,555	82,555	92,995
Americas	152,595	72,870	79,720	14,550	7,160	7,385
Brazil	8,500	4,000	4,490	1,145	525	615
Colombia	15,300	6,885	8,415	580	250	325
Cuba	5,370	2,545	2,820	140	60	80
Haiti	19,985	9,160	10,830	35	35	10
Jamaica	12,495	6,680	5,820	625	355	265
Mexico	18,660	9,090	9,575	2,885	1,420	1,460
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	33,060	16,480	16,580	6,485	3,290	3,190
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	6,425	2,990	3,435	270	115	155
Other places of birth in Americas	32,790	15,040	17,750	2,380	1,105	1,275
Europe	140,030	70,995	69,035	19,735	10,260	9,475
France	24,150	13,000	11,150	970	510	460
Germany	6,300	3,255	3,045	1,450	775	675
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	5,660	3,540	2,120	1,430	900	530
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	5,900	2,735	3,165	245	120	125
Romania	7,610	3,330	4,280	690	310	380
Russian Federation	11,565	4,485	7,080	1,735	620	1,110
Ukraine	13,425	6,015	7,410	1,230	495	735
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	24,445	14,235	10,215	6,540	3,840	2,695
Other places of birth in Europe	40,970	20,405	20,570	5,455	2,685	2,765
Africa	162,800	81,545	81,245	6,200	3,150	3,050
Algeria	17,175	8,440	8,735	65	40	20
Cameroon	10,265	5,005	5,255	65	25	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	7,400	3,570	3,835	150	80	75
Côte d'Ivoire	6,240	3,030	3,210	20	10	10
Egypt	16,115	8,445	7,665	625	340	290
Eritrea	6,050	3,195	2,855	320	175	145
Ethiopia	7,510	3,625	3,890	305	170	140
Morocco	15,105	7,470	7,635	205	115	95
Nigeria	17,285	8,850	8,435	645	325	315
Somalia	5,335	2,600	2,730	355	145	215
South Africa, Republic of	5,765	2,935	2,830	1,625	815	810
Tunisia	6,700	3,475	3,230	80	30	45
Other places of birth in Africa	41,855	20,905	20,950	1,745	890	860
Asia	748,700	352,095	396,610	131,880	60,140	71,735
Afghanistan	9,240	4,530	4,710	870	455	415
Bangladesh	12,900	6,445	6,460	470	230	245
China^{Census data footnote 59}	129,020	57,745	71,270	38,105	16,965	21,140
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,975	2,090	2,880	1,800	770	1,030
India	147,190	75,145	72,045	27,460	13,780	13,680
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	42,070	20,580	21,490	8,645	4,315	4,330
Iraq	20,665	10,345	10,320	1,910	940	965
Israel	4,740	2,615	2,130	365	205	160
Japan	4,905	1,250	3,655	2,285	570	1,715
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	21,710	9,630	12,075	8,025	3,430	4,595
Lebanon	9,375	4,980	4,400	265	155	110
Nepal	7,505	3,780	3,715	310	115	195
Pakistan	41,480	20,530	20,945	1,965	990	975
Philippines	188,810	83,050	105,760	26,680	11,615	15,065
Saudi Arabia	5,465	2,820	2,640	400	180	215
Sri Lanka	11,495	5,190	6,305	535	265	265
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	29,945	15,245	14,700	2,185	1,095	1,085
Taiwan	4,310	1,685	2,625	2,505	970	1,530
Turkey	4,255	2,365	1,890	395	220	170
United Arab Emirates	6,135	3,220	2,910	385	195	195
Viet Nam	11,210	4,500	6,705	1,780	685	1,090
Other places of birth in Asia	31,320	14,345	16,970	4,545	1,980	2,560
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	7,955	4,670	3,280	3,185	1,845	1,340
Australia	4,965	2,950	2,010	1,920	1,130	790
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	2,990	1,720	1,270	1,265	715	550
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	34,460,060	16,971,575	17,488,485	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	8,219,555	3,936,045	4,283,505	1,426,450	670,440	756,010
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	6,100,725	3,053,075	3,047,650	1,043,860	523,340	520,520
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	20,139,790	9,982,460	10,157,330	2,089,925	1,043,705	1,046,225
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	5,703,615	2,709,530	2,994,085	955,955	442,040	513,915
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	2,994,130	1,496,240	1,497,885	537,875	258,560	279,315
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	1,220,755	755,370	465,380	209,685	123,645	86,040
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	1,773,380	740,870	1,032,510	328,185	134,915	193,275
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	1,782,490	728,085	1,054,400	323,440	133,775	189,670
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	858,845	453,675	405,175	82,360	44,250	38,110
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	68,145	31,530	36,615	12,285	5,455	6,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	1,673,785	813,520	860,265	270,585	130,265	140,320
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	1,629,805	792,970	836,835	263,540	127,115	136,425
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	977,235	471,510	505,725	172,520	83,645	88,880
Métis	587,545	289,435	298,115	89,405	42,715	46,690
Inuk (Inuit)	65,030	32,030	32,995	1,610	760	855
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	21,310	10,165	11,145	4,350	2,090	2,260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	22,670	10,385	12,290	2,695	1,060	1,635
Non-Aboriginal identity	32,786,280	16,158,060	16,628,225	4,289,655	2,107,225	2,182,430
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	34,460,065	16,971,580	17,488,490	4,560,240	2,237,485	2,322,750
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	820,120	395,670	424,445	135,835	65,560	70,280
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	33,639,945	16,575,905	17,064,040	4,424,400	2,171,930	2,252,470
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,490	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	727,790	356,970	370,815	91,710	45,690	46,020
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	709,235	347,985	361,245	90,390	45,100	45,295
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	573,215	280,040	293,180	79,875	39,685	40,190
Métis single ancestry	91,255	45,740	45,515	10,080	5,215	4,865
Inuit single ancestry	44,765	22,210	22,555	430	200	235
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	18,555	8,985	9,565	1,325	595	725
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	15,140	7,305	7,835	1,175	535	635
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	2,470	1,205	1,265	100	50	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	770	390	380	45	10	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	170	85	85	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	1,402,735	669,710	733,025	211,100	100,835	110,260
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	1,347,610	644,210	703,400	201,895	96,650	105,245
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	881,455	418,215	463,235	130,020	62,170	67,850
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	441,000	213,940	227,065	70,180	33,595	36,585
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25,155	12,045	13,105	1,700	890	815
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	55,125	25,505	29,625	9,200	4,185	5,015
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	49,325	22,740	26,585	8,865	4,050	4,810
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	3,470	1,655	1,815	165	75	90
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,005	940	1,065	125	35	90
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	325	170	160	45	20	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	32,329,545	15,944,900	16,384,645	4,257,430	2,090,960	2,166,465
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	7,674,580	3,725,090	3,949,495	1,381,235	658,260	722,975
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	1,924,635	977,690	946,945	365,705	183,650	182,055
Chinese	1,577,060	746,400	830,665	508,480	237,805	270,670
Black	1,198,540	580,070	618,475	43,500	22,455	21,045
Filipino	780,125	341,800	438,330	145,025	62,505	82,520
Latin American	447,325	215,460	231,860	44,115	20,600	23,515
Arab	523,235	276,425	246,810	19,840	10,865	8,980
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	313,260	148,880	164,385	54,920	25,975	28,950
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	264,305	133,475	130,825	48,695	24,880	23,810
Korean	188,710	89,110	99,600	60,495	27,915	32,580
Japanese	92,920	40,105	52,815	41,230	17,435	23,800
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	132,090	62,540	69,550	8,760	4,280	4,485
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	232,375	113,140	119,230	40,465	19,900	20,565
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	26,785,480	13,246,485	13,539,000	3,179,005	1,579,230	1,599,775
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	34,460,065	16,971,575	17,488,485	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
North American Aboriginal origins	2,130,520	1,026,675	1,103,840	302,810	146,530	156,280
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,525,570	731,410	794,155	220,245	106,595	113,650
Inuit	79,130	38,695	40,435	2,615	1,280	1,340
Métis	599,995	291,310	308,690	90,515	43,460	47,050
Other North American origins	11,628,535	5,745,695	5,882,835	922,690	460,355	462,335
Acadian	119,675	57,805	61,865	3,940	1,960	1,980
American	377,405	182,690	194,715	78,170	37,765	40,405
Canadian	11,135,965	5,501,595	5,634,370	866,530	432,975	433,560
New Brunswicker	1,490	800	685	60	45	15
Newfoundlander	22,215	11,420	10,800	1,875	995	880
Nova Scotian	3,700	1,770	1,930	185	95	85
Ontarian	3,925	1,980	1,945	130	55	75
Québécois	194,560	99,320	95,235	1,830	945	880
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	1,895	950	945	405	175	230
European origins	19,683,320	9,687,715	9,995,605	2,857,080	1,408,510	1,448,575
British Isles origins	11,211,850	5,474,735	5,737,115	1,926,040	945,580	980,460
Channel Islander	3,595	1,740	1,855	455	230	220
Cornish	1,975	995	975	610	340	265
English	6,320,085	3,069,515	3,250,570	1,203,540	585,700	617,845
Irish	4,627,000	2,195,620	2,431,385	675,135	318,455	356,675
Manx	6,125	3,090	3,040	1,810	835	975
Scottish	4,799,005	2,323,390	2,475,620	860,775	417,080	443,700
Welsh	474,805	226,600	248,210	113,905	54,260	59,645
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	644,695	307,090	337,610	122,700	59,225	63,475
French origins	4,680,820	2,283,480	2,397,340	388,815	184,705	204,110
Alsatian	2,800	1,300	1,495	210	95	115
Breton	11,845	5,765	6,080	110	45	65
Corsican	1,750	950	805	105	40	65
French	4,670,595	2,278,430	2,392,165	388,580	184,595	203,980
Western European origins (except French origins)	4,600,855	2,258,095	2,342,760	839,860	411,165	428,695
Austrian	207,050	100,775	106,275	48,510	23,030	25,485
Bavarian	940	485	455	225	105	120
Belgian	186,665	91,395	95,270	19,980	9,615	10,360
Dutch	1,111,655	546,565	565,090	213,670	105,040	108,630
Flemish	11,685	5,730	5,960	2,215	1,145	1,075
Frisian	4,590	2,395	2,195	850	425	425
German	3,322,405	1,626,785	1,695,615	603,265	294,860	308,410
Luxembourger	3,915	2,025	1,890	695	340	355
Swiss	155,120	76,935	78,185	31,390	15,510	15,880
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	3,365	1,645	1,720	905	425	485
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	1,201,320	579,005	622,315	346,525	166,100	180,425
Danish	207,470	100,660	106,810	58,205	27,985	30,220
Finnish	143,645	69,045	74,600	34,150	16,285	17,870
Icelandic	101,795	49,875	51,915	26,410	12,860	13,545
Norwegian	463,275	223,075	240,200	138,430	66,870	71,565
Swedish	349,645	163,545	186,095	110,030	51,000	59,030
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	52,780	26,965	25,820	15,080	7,610	7,470
Eastern European origins	3,431,245	1,666,740	1,764,505	569,260	275,900	293,360
Bulgarian	34,565	16,935	17,625	4,015	1,875	2,140
Byelorussian	20,710	10,190	10,515	2,760	1,400	1,365
Czech	104,580	51,555	53,030	23,375	11,500	11,875
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	40,715	19,235	21,480	7,970	3,795	4,175
Estonian	24,530	11,715	12,815	4,840	2,250	2,590
Hungarian	348,085	170,040	178,045	56,535	27,450	29,090
Latvian	30,725	14,920	15,805	4,935	2,565	2,370
Lithuanian	59,285	28,745	30,535	7,225	3,465	3,755
Moldovan	14,915	7,265	7,650	1,085	510	580
Polish	1,106,585	533,830	572,750	149,635	71,605	78,030
Romanian	238,050	114,705	123,345	31,250	15,125	16,125
Russian	622,445	297,600	324,850	131,060	62,880	68,180
Slovak	72,285	35,360	36,925	11,220	5,440	5,780
Ukrainian	1,359,655	663,560	696,095	229,205	111,285	117,915
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	20,415	9,895	10,520	3,555	1,645	1,915
Southern European origins	3,012,375	1,494,605	1,517,775	334,740	164,780	169,960
Albanian	36,185	18,385	17,800	1,925	975	950
Bosnian	26,740	13,320	13,420	3,290	1,635	1,655
Catalan	1,280	740	535	120	85	30
Croatian	133,970	67,825	66,140	23,845	12,180	11,660
Cypriot	5,650	2,850	2,795	440	230	205
Greek	271,410	137,405	134,005	24,460	12,410	12,050
Italian	1,587,965	794,525	793,445	166,095	83,095	83,000
Kosovar	2,865	1,470	1,395	280	135	145
Macedonian	43,110	21,650	21,460	1,205	620	580
Maltese	41,920	20,955	20,965	2,645	1,350	1,295
Montenegrin	4,160	2,180	1,985	710	360	350
Portuguese	482,605	239,360	243,250	41,770	20,620	21,145
Serbian	96,530	49,095	47,440	12,895	6,625	6,270
Sicilian	6,940	3,500	3,435	545	295	255
Slovenian	40,470	20,105	20,365	5,555	2,725	2,825
Spanish	396,460	184,520	211,945	64,470	29,245	35,225
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	38,480	18,620	19,860	7,080	3,360	3,725
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	2,170	1,030	1,135	395	200	195
Other European origins	226,695	115,110	111,580	34,700	17,800	16,900
Basque	6,965	3,690	3,275	840	470	375
Jewish	143,660	72,625	71,035	17,580	8,950	8,635
Roma (Gypsy)	4,630	2,195	2,440	805	320	485
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	4,870	2,560	2,310	965	520	450
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	67,890	34,730	33,160	14,715	7,635	7,080
Caribbean origins	749,155	349,810	399,345	25,010	12,350	12,660
Antiguan	4,500	2,115	2,385	220	115	105
Bahamian	3,675	1,915	1,760	255	140	110
Barbadian	37,780	17,745	20,035	1,870	945	930
Bermudan	3,075	1,435	1,640	335	155	175
Carib	3,030	1,175	1,860	70	50	25
Cuban	29,065	13,800	15,270	1,320	615	700
Dominican	23,130	11,000	12,125	735	330	410
Grenadian	17,915	7,835	10,080	380	195	185
Guadeloupean	1,125	515	605	15	0	15
Haitian	165,095	76,460	88,635	1,140	530	615
Jamaican	309,485	145,080	164,410	10,545	5,425	5,120
Kittitian/Nevisian	2,915	1,460	1,460	130	70	55
Martinican	2,010	900	1,110	25	0	20
Montserratan	930	460	470	25	15	10
Puerto Rican	3,405	1,645	1,765	570	260	310
St. Lucian	8,985	4,095	4,890	190	85	110
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	78,965	37,325	41,635	4,170	2,085	2,085
Vincentian/Grenadinian	17,420	7,475	9,945	415	180	230
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	70,270	31,625	38,645	2,120	930	1,190
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	26,830	12,520	14,310	1,920	945	975
Latin, Central and South American origins	674,640	325,210	349,430	69,920	33,580	36,335
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	22,725	10,875	11,850	2,625	1,350	1,275
Arawak	1,440	610	830	90	45	45
Argentinian	20,680	10,130	10,545	2,025	910	1,120
Belizean	1,755	915	845	125	60	65
Bolivian	5,055	2,480	2,580	375	145	230
Brazilian	36,830	17,380	19,455	5,455	2,465	2,990
Chilean	45,190	22,280	22,910	5,700	2,740	2,955
Colombian	96,325	45,590	50,735	5,860	2,805	3,055
Costa Rican	5,535	2,680	2,855	810	385	425
Ecuadorian	25,405	11,995	13,415	1,040	490	550
Guatemalan	26,275	13,360	12,915	2,575	1,310	1,265
Guyanese	84,275	39,530	44,745	1,925	995	935
Hispanic	11,055	5,380	5,670	1,535	720	810
Honduran	10,650	5,235	5,415	1,445	750	695
Maya	6,285	3,350	2,940	930	475	455
Mexican	128,485	62,890	65,595	23,055	11,025	12,035
Nicaraguan	13,705	6,650	7,055	1,520	735	785
Panamanian	4,700	2,210	2,495	325	140	185
Paraguayan	4,325	2,165	2,160	895	475	420
Peruvian	42,145	19,645	22,505	3,905	1,775	2,135
Salvadorean	66,220	32,960	33,255	6,815	3,390	3,425
Uruguayan	6,795	3,390	3,410	410	205	205
Venezuelan	26,345	12,220	14,125	1,900	915	980
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	28,455	13,930	14,525	3,310	1,605	1,705
African origins	1,067,930	539,805	528,120	59,985	30,635	29,345
Central and West African origins	230,110	118,040	112,070	7,075	3,810	3,265
Akan	1,955	1,090	870	40	30	10
Angolan	2,960	1,475	1,480	90	55	35
Ashanti	1,585	855	735	85	30	50
Beninese	4,995	2,670	2,320	35	20	15
Burkinabe	3,150	1,665	1,485	45	30	15
Cameroonian	24,615	12,390	12,230	150	85	70
Chadian	1,845	955	885	70	50	25
Congolese	38,365	18,925	19,440	810	405	400
Edo	1,945	1,095	855	85	55	30
Ewe	845	470	375	55	25	30
Gabonese	1,405	660	750	10	0	10
Gambian	975	495	475	25	10	15
Ghanaian	35,495	17,720	17,770	1,600	865	730
Guinean	7,240	3,785	3,455	130	45	80
Ibo	5,315	2,850	2,470	280	160	115
Ivorian	10,935	5,485	5,450	100	55	50
Liberian	2,485	1,130	1,360	250	95	150
Malian	4,490	2,280	2,210	80	55	25
Malinké	1,125	585	535	10	0	0
Nigerian	51,835	27,025	24,805	2,615	1,430	1,185
Peulh	2,435	1,270	1,170	20	0	15
Senegalese	10,175	5,500	4,670	95	75	25
Sierra Leonean	2,620	1,330	1,295	130	60	65
Togolese	5,300	2,870	2,430	100	70	40
Wolof	840	495	345	0	0	0
Yoruba	9,585	5,075	4,515	255	135	125
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	15,380	7,940	7,445	620	305	315
North African origins	355,045	185,775	169,270	9,840	5,210	4,630
Algerian	67,335	34,755	32,580	770	465	305
Berber	37,060	19,685	17,375	210	130	80
Coptic	3,535	1,860	1,680	150	90	65
Dinka	900	500	400	45	25	15
Egyptian	99,140	51,730	47,410	4,520	2,340	2,180
Libyan	7,740	4,135	3,605	420	275	140
Maure	1,190	655	535	150	60	90
Moroccan	103,940	54,005	49,945	2,005	1,105	895
Sudanese	19,960	10,315	9,645	1,225	535	695
Tunisian	25,645	13,985	11,665	500	290	215
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	6,115	3,320	2,795	215	115	105
Southern and East African origins	260,145	128,325	131,815	24,800	12,345	12,450
Afrikaner	1,870	955	915	705	355	355
Amhara	1,530	815	715	115	60	50
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	3,965	2,175	1,785	255	140	120
Burundian	10,990	5,405	5,580	215	95	120
Djiboutian	1,710	790	920	0	0	0
Eritrean	25,255	12,830	12,430	1,055	550	505
Ethiopian	44,065	21,680	22,385	2,550	1,280	1,270
Harari	665	355	305	0	0	0
Kenyan	10,915	5,230	5,685	1,615	775	845
Malagasy	4,500	2,175	2,325	105	65	40
Mauritian	9,325	4,655	4,665	975	520	450
Oromo	3,350	1,745	1,605	140	75	65
Rwandan	10,775	5,065	5,705	420	225	195
Seychellois	1,285	575	710	25	15	15
Somali	62,550	30,215	32,330	2,295	1,115	1,180
South African	41,375	20,575	20,800	11,060	5,510	5,550
Tanzanian	4,710	2,400	2,310	490	220	275
Tigrian	2,155	1,160	995	205	110	95
Ugandan	5,705	2,875	2,830	775	390	380
Zambian	1,860	935	920	210	95	110
Zimbabwean	8,090	3,975	4,110	855	445	405
Zulu	945	475	475	75	25	45
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	17,305	8,445	8,860	1,840	910	930
Other African origins	239,560	116,400	123,165	19,215	9,745	9,465
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	30,385	14,015	16,370	2,660	1,315	1,340
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	212,005	103,790	108,215	16,740	8,515	8,225
Asian origins	6,095,235	2,958,120	3,137,115	1,312,445	624,270	688,175
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	1,011,145	518,170	492,980	99,560	51,315	48,245
Afghan	83,995	42,320	41,675	7,895	4,005	3,885
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	111,400	58,930	52,475	5,660	3,125	2,540
Armenian	63,810	31,505	32,305	3,715	1,905	1,815
Assyrian	13,835	7,115	6,720	545	295	250
Azerbaijani	6,425	3,230	3,200	990	570	425
Georgian	4,775	2,430	2,345	740	380	355
Hazara	1,515	810	705	55	30	20
Iranian	210,405	106,565	103,840	47,985	24,290	23,695
Iraqi	70,925	35,965	34,955	5,575	2,860	2,715
Israeli	28,735	15,065	13,675	2,655	1,370	1,285
Jordanian	14,250	7,520	6,735	785	425	355
Kazakh	3,330	1,615	1,710	385	205	175
Kurd	16,315	8,810	7,515	2,120	1,165	950
Kuwaiti	2,235	1,185	1,055	125	85	40
Kyrgyz	1,060	510	550	175	90	85
Lebanese	219,555	112,970	106,590	7,980	4,175	3,805
Palestinian	44,820	23,900	20,920	2,625	1,410	1,210
Pashtun	4,810	2,565	2,245	360	200	160
Saudi Arabian	6,810	3,935	2,880	975	615	360
Syrian	77,045	38,445	38,600	3,955	1,905	2,055
Tajik	2,905	1,410	1,495	260	135	125
Tatar	4,825	2,155	2,670	790	365	425
Turk	63,955	32,855	31,100	6,355	3,485	2,865
Turkmen	1,040	540	500	120	70	55
Uighur	1,555	775	785	130	65	60
Uzbek	3,920	1,920	2,000	270	150	120
Yemeni	6,645	3,335	3,305	300	185	115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	25,280	13,180	12,100	2,635	1,340	1,295
South Asian origins	1,963,330	993,595	969,735	363,885	182,650	181,235
Bangladeshi	45,940	23,645	22,300	1,840	925	920
Bengali	22,900	11,730	11,180	850	405	445
Bhutanese	3,600	1,765	1,835	120	65	55
East Indian	1,374,710	694,990	679,720	309,315	154,795	154,520
Goan	6,070	2,915	3,155	485	245	240
Gujarati	8,350	4,305	4,050	700	335	365
Kashmiri	3,115	1,605	1,510	185	100	85
Nepali	17,140	8,715	8,420	1,495	690	805
Pakistani	215,555	110,420	105,140	12,585	6,565	6,015
Punjabi	118,400	61,155	57,240	38,725	19,700	19,025
Sinhalese	7,285	3,605	3,685	620	325	300
Sri Lankan	152,595	75,010	77,585	5,710	2,970	2,740
Tamil	48,670	24,845	23,825	1,235	670	560
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	76,400	38,815	37,585	8,245	4,070	4,170
East and Southeast Asian origins	3,163,360	1,467,205	1,696,155	855,345	393,475	461,875
Burmese	9,335	4,535	4,795	2,310	1,135	1,175
Cambodian (Khmer)	38,490	18,515	19,980	3,235	1,580	1,655
Chinese	1,769,195	836,150	933,045	540,155	253,065	287,090
Filipino	837,130	369,105	468,025	158,215	68,710	89,505
Hmong	805	420	390	130	70	60
Indonesian	21,390	9,950	11,440	6,625	3,115	3,510
Japanese	121,485	53,415	68,070	51,150	22,200	28,945
Karen	4,510	2,275	2,240	895	450	445
Korean	198,210	93,680	104,525	63,300	29,330	33,975
Laotian	24,580	12,190	12,390	2,530	1,275	1,255
Malaysian	16,920	7,735	9,185	5,060	2,260	2,800
Mongolian	7,480	3,560	3,915	1,495	740	760
Singaporean	2,850	1,325	1,520	1,055	490	560
Taiwanese	36,510	16,570	19,945	21,455	9,810	11,650
Thai	19,010	7,330	11,680	5,065	1,870	3,195
Tibetan	8,040	4,055	3,985	550	290	260
Vietnamese	240,615	115,935	124,680	41,435	20,205	21,230
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	6,500	3,150	3,355	785	310	470
Other Asian origins	22,745	11,280	11,460	2,500	1,250	1,250
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	22,740	11,280	11,460	2,500	1,250	1,255
Oceania origins	85,470	43,030	42,440	41,125	20,605	20,520
Australian	42,315	21,710	20,605	16,240	8,385	7,855
New Zealander	15,395	8,065	7,330	6,565	3,405	3,155
Pacific Islands origins	29,485	14,240	15,250	19,135	9,240	9,890
Fijian	19,375	9,280	10,090	14,145	6,895	7,250
Hawaiian	3,295	1,500	1,795	2,200	970	1,235
Maori	2,500	1,310	1,195	1,120	595	530
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	1,530	725	805	600	275	325
Samoan	1,100	625	475	485	255	230
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	2,335	1,145	1,185	905	440	465
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	14,072,075	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Owner	9,541,320	...	...	1,279,020	...	...
Renter	4,474,530	...	...	599,360	...	...
Band housing	56,230	...	...	3,590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	14,072,075	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Condominium	1,874,840	...	...	416,770	...	...
Not condominium	12,197,240	...	...	1,465,200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	14,072,080	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
No bedrooms	93,345	...	...	22,705	...	...
1 bedroom	1,925,015	...	...	311,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,547,090	...	...	514,015	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,836,485	...	...	513,135	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,670,145	...	...	521,075	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	14,072,075	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,068,915	...	...	642,910	...	...
5 rooms	2,177,045	...	...	274,780	...	...
6 rooms	1,981,585	...	...	235,845	...	...
7 rooms	1,790,180	...	...	199,715	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,054,355	...	...	528,720	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	14,072,080	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,802,060	...	...	1,839,850	...	...
More than 1 person per room	270,020	...	...	42,120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	14,072,075	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Suitable	13,376,345	...	...	1,781,905	...	...
Not suitable	695,730	...	...	100,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	14,072,080	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1960 or before	3,126,380	...	...	267,560	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,185,510	...	...	559,485	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,977,640	...	...	289,565	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,746,390	...	...	331,865	...	...
2001 to 2005	976,390	...	...	125,335	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,089,750	...	...	171,945	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	970,015	...	...	136,210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	14,072,080	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	13,151,600	...	...	1,763,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	920,480	...	...	118,865	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	14,072,080	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 household maintainer	8,324,865	...	...	1,091,500	...	...
2 household maintainers	5,404,800	...	...	725,675	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	342,415	...	...	64,790	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	14,072,080	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
15 to 24 years	437,230	...	...	58,620	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,991,685	...	...	253,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,414,920	...	...	304,185	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,862,870	...	...	378,545	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,859,315	...	...	390,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,034,220	...	...	288,165	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,084,700	...	...	152,225	...	...
85 years and over	387,135	...	...	56,085	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	13,798,305	...	...	1,832,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,472,355	...	...	1,320,210	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,325,950	...	...	512,210	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,861,615	...	...	420,705	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,368,330	...	...	1,242,600	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	60.7	...	...	58.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	16.6	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,130	...	...	1,149	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,313	...	...	1,387	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	341,556	...	...	500,874	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	443,058	...	...	720,689	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,452,850	...	...	592,825	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	13.0	...	...	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	40.0	...	...	43.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	910	...	...	1,036	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,002	...	...	1,149	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,580	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,239,575	2,667,995	2,571,585	601,640	305,320	296,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	7,576,400	3,686,630	3,889,770	1,138,565	549,580	588,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,230	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,800,260	1,906,610	893,650	338,980	250,270	88,720
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,549,880	880,365	669,515	142,935	83,055	59,880
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	1,250,385	1,026,250	224,140	196,045	167,210	28,840
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	5,553,825	2,326,940	3,226,890	700,945	280,300	420,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	813,335	331,940	481,395	138,010	54,420	83,585
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	6,659,615	3,070,315	3,589,300	952,240	442,880	509,360
Bachelor's degree	4,443,835	1,967,905	2,475,935	622,670	281,020	341,655
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	462,295	203,725	258,570	69,005	28,575	40,430
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190,925	102,530	88,395	29,110	16,690	12,420
Master's degree	1,331,045	651,510	679,535	195,825	94,360	101,465
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	231,510	144,640	86,870	35,625	22,240	13,390
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,940
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,169,790	1,200,110	969,685	244,000	134,410	109,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	4,494,585	2,247,020	2,247,565	671,010	330,835	340,175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,267,005	5,821,425	6,445,580	1,617,965	761,790	856,175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,042,430	1,377,775	664,650	231,445	172,290	59,155
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	1,145,035	639,785	505,250	97,350	56,920	40,435
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	897,390	737,990	159,405	134,095	115,370	18,725
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	4,241,985	1,786,065	2,455,920	528,805	210,880	317,925
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	580,885	240,040	340,850	99,695	39,205	60,490
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	5,401,705	2,417,555	2,984,155	758,015	339,415	418,605
Bachelor's degree	3,590,080	1,562,160	2,027,925	497,845	219,005	278,840
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	362,455	151,205	211,250	52,955	20,995	31,965
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	153,290	74,440	78,855	22,440	11,665	10,775
Master's degree	1,120,190	527,335	592,850	159,740	73,335	86,405
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	175,685	102,415	73,275	25,030	14,420	10,615
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	28,643,015	13,990,430	14,652,585	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	12,815,980	6,354,625	6,461,350	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,800	144,100	34,915	109,185
13. Education	1,060,095	251,290	808,805	144,100	34,910	109,185
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	596,230	268,050	328,180	98,735	44,465	54,275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	99,020	72,865	26,150	16,970	12,880	4,090
50. Visual and performing arts	497,210	195,185	302,025	81,765	31,580	50,185
Humanities	850,840	330,490	520,345	124,600	49,025	75,575
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	98,000	22,100	75,900	15,235	3,675	11,555
23. English language and literature/letters	178,590	52,785	125,810	34,710	10,845	23,865
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275,525	104,135	171,390	35,720	13,670	22,050
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	4,160	1,640	2,520	585	210	375
38. Philosophy and religious studies	51,930	30,185	21,750	6,710	4,050	2,660
39. Theology and religious vocations	77,490	46,285	31,200	12,275	7,400	4,880
54. History	111,465	59,965	51,500	15,780	8,475	7,300
55. French language and literature/letters	53,680	13,400	40,290	3,580	705	2,880
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,761,900	586,455	1,175,445	245,990	87,960	158,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	24,685	5,660	19,025	4,120	1,060	3,060
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	182,275	68,030	114,245	23,180	8,505	14,680
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	324,660	26,065	298,595	38,070	3,285	34,785
22. Legal professions and studies	289,600	102,660	186,945	38,505	13,545	24,955
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	35,445	8,150	27,295	4,325	1,345	2,985
42. Psychology	281,470	71,230	210,230	43,230	12,480	30,750
45. Social sciences	623,775	304,660	319,110	94,560	47,755	46,810
Business, management and public administration	3,360,045	1,272,475	2,087,565	426,460	166,470	259,990
30.16 Accounting and computer science	6,190	1,850	4,340	775	215	560
44. Public administration and social service professions	237,835	48,815	189,015	26,520	5,960	20,565
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,116,025	1,221,805	1,894,215	399,160	160,295	238,865
Physical and life sciences and technologies	614,280	315,665	298,615	86,425	46,070	40,355
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	249,955	105,560	144,400	36,760	16,800	19,960
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125,600	61,685	63,915	19,025	9,400	9,620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	28,155	12,625	15,530	835	225	610
40. Physical sciences	179,305	122,815	56,485	26,370	18,395	7,975
41. Science technologies/technicians	31,270	12,980	18,290	3,440	1,255	2,185
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	651,480	420,370	231,110	80,070	51,490	28,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	514,685	356,435	158,250	62,795	43,900	18,890
25. Library science	40,820	6,495	34,320	5,560	755	4,805
27. Mathematics and statistics	86,655	50,930	35,725	10,875	6,295	4,580
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	9,325	6,510	2,815	835	540	300
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	3,327,405	3,022,700	304,700	427,670	388,335	39,340
04. Architecture and related services	114,315	72,880	41,435	15,490	9,985	5,505
14. Engineering	752,465	615,880	136,585	98,455	81,055	17,395
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	620,065	551,855	68,205	68,500	60,490	8,010
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	410	85	325	90	25	65
46. Construction trades	702,155	682,710	19,445	100,765	97,615	3,150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	731,135	709,430	21,705	97,720	94,520	3,200
48. Precision production	406,855	389,850	17,005	46,660	44,650	2,015
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	339,050	219,040	120,010	50,210	31,680	18,525
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	205,930	127,925	78,005	24,950	13,670	11,275
03. Natural resources and conservation	133,120	91,115	42,005	25,260	18,010	7,250
Health and related fields	2,266,720	441,180	1,825,545	322,715	65,735	256,975
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	164,295	81,260	83,040	23,740	11,920	11,820
51. Health professions and related programs	2,047,680	329,010	1,718,670	290,645	48,985	241,655
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	54,740	30,910	23,830	8,330	4,835	3,495
Personal, protective and transportation services	995,825	507,200	488,630	122,855	61,605	61,250
12. Personal and culinary services	565,555	151,530	414,025	79,740	24,860	54,885
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	3,505	3,080	420	320	290	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	7,900	7,230	670	1,235	1,120	115
43. Security and protective services	206,745	150,540	56,205	13,935	10,390	3,545
49. Transportation and materials moving	212,125	194,810	17,315	27,620	24,945	2,680
Other	3,170	885	2,280	355	115	240
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	3,170	890	2,280	350	115	240
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	18,931,385	9,268,555	9,662,825	2,532,980	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	6,664,380	3,447,130	3,217,250	915,015	465,250	449,765
Education	727,515	160,315	567,205	96,005	21,035	74,970
13. Education	727,515	160,315	567,200	96,010	21,035	74,975
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	467,905	208,365	259,545	77,655	34,430	43,225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	74,530	53,995	20,535	12,710	9,580	3,130
50. Visual and performing arts	393,375	154,370	239,005	64,940	24,845	40,090
Humanities	614,815	232,425	382,390	93,605	35,490	58,115
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	76,540	16,200	60,340	11,710	2,510	9,195
23. English language and literature/letters	133,800	38,310	95,485	25,665	7,810	17,850
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	191,005	71,770	119,235	28,260	10,505	17,750
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	3,140	1,250	1,895	425	170	255
38. Philosophy and religious studies	37,870	21,930	15,940	4,970	2,960	2,010
39. Theology and religious vocations	52,295	31,200	21,090	8,330	4,945	3,385
54. History	82,565	43,475	39,085	11,805	6,140	5,665
55. French language and literature/letters	37,600	8,285	29,315	2,445	455	2,000
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,417,625	453,100	964,525	196,450	67,000	129,450
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20,300	4,595	15,705	3,460	845	2,615
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	152,080	56,125	95,955	19,685	6,940	12,750
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	259,845	19,160	240,685	29,855	2,505	27,350
22. Legal professions and studies	241,170	76,720	164,445	31,190	9,665	21,525
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	27,310	6,390	20,920	3,540	1,110	2,425
42. Psychology	218,470	51,570	166,900	33,055	8,845	24,210
45. Social sciences	498,450	238,540	259,915	75,665	37,095	38,575
Business, management and public administration	2,696,770	1,000,895	1,695,875	335,220	128,975	206,245
30.16 Accounting and computer science	4,955	1,480	3,475	540	170	365
44. Public administration and social service professions	192,190	36,890	155,305	20,695	4,240	16,455
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,499,625	962,530	1,537,095	313,985	124,565	189,425
Physical and life sciences and technologies	449,870	222,120	227,755	63,705	32,325	31,385
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195,830	79,945	115,880	28,505	12,595	15,915
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	89,205	42,265	46,945	13,825	6,570	7,260
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	9,280	3,850	5,430	645	160	485
40. Physical sciences	132,935	87,025	45,905	18,525	12,250	6,270
41. Science technologies/technicians	22,625	9,035	13,590	2,210	750	1,460
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	567,415	368,840	198,575	68,660	44,820	23,840
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	464,000	321,805	142,190	56,390	39,660	16,725
25. Library science	29,955	4,870	25,080	3,830	545	3,290
27. Mathematics and statistics	65,620	36,895	28,725	7,760	4,185	3,570
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	7,840	5,270	2,575	680	430	250
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,532,555	2,271,735	260,820	310,855	277,375	33,475
04. Architecture and related services	93,135	57,280	35,850	12,110	7,240	4,875
14. Engineering	612,265	490,980	121,285	76,935	61,380	15,560
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	475,045	418,595	56,450	48,690	42,285	6,405
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	350	70	275	65	20	45
46. Construction trades	515,630	499,670	15,960	72,800	70,225	2,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540,800	523,425	17,375	69,025	66,545	2,480
48. Precision production	295,335	281,715	13,620	31,225	29,690	1,535
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	269,445	167,680	101,770	39,360	23,810	15,555
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	159,975	94,680	65,295	18,965	9,875	9,090
03. Natural resources and conservation	109,470	73,000	36,470	20,395	13,930	6,470
Health and related fields	1,749,545	342,395	1,407,145	244,975	50,520	194,460
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	129,560	63,315	66,245	18,900	9,380	9,520
51. Health professions and related programs	1,576,945	256,895	1,320,050	219,800	37,800	182,000
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	43,040	22,185	20,860	6,285	3,340	2,940
Personal, protective and transportation services	770,950	392,820	378,135	91,185	45,925	45,265
12. Personal and culinary services	431,415	114,395	317,025	58,820	18,880	39,945
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	2,725	2,355	375	195	165	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	4,425	3,975	445	570	505	65
43. Security and protective services	162,995	116,750	46,240	11,175	8,110	3,060
49. Transportation and materials moving	169,400	155,340	14,050	20,430	18,265	2,165
Other	2,590	745	1,845	275	85	185
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	2,585	740	1,845	270	85	185
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	28,643,015	13,990,435	14,652,585	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,815,975	6,354,625	6,461,350	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	15,827,040	7,635,805	8,191,235	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,305
Location of study inside Canada	13,117,190	6,299,305	6,817,890	1,625,550	785,340	840,205
Same as province or territory of residence	11,519,215	5,503,640	6,015,575	1,243,905	593,275	650,635
Different than province or territory of residence	1,597,975	795,655	802,315	381,645	192,070	189,575
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,709,850	1,336,505	1,373,345	504,630	242,530	262,100
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	349,540	189,995	159,545	74,030	40,425	33,610
Philippines	298,830	109,820	189,020	56,845	20,455	36,395
India	281,415	142,410	138,995	44,115	22,045	22,065
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	232,035	131,050	100,980	58,825	31,920	26,910
China^{Census data footnote 162}	205,375	94,690	110,685	61,840	27,630	34,210
France	88,860	50,400	38,455	4,385	2,360	2,025
Other	1,253,790	618,135	635,655	204,580	97,700	106,885
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	18,931,380	9,268,555	9,662,830	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,664,380	3,447,125	3,217,250	915,015	465,250	449,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	12,267,005	5,821,430	6,445,575	1,617,960	761,790	856,170
Location of study inside Canada	10,134,590	4,807,045	5,327,545	1,239,640	589,155	650,490
Same as province or territory of residence	8,918,160	4,207,495	4,710,665	970,485	454,780	515,700
Different than province or territory of residence	1,216,425	599,545	616,875	269,155	134,375	134,785
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	2,132,415	1,014,385	1,118,030	378,325	172,640	205,685
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	254,245	131,955	122,290	50,095	26,175	23,920
Philippines	263,095	96,025	167,065	48,935	17,385	31,555
India	239,535	117,445	122,090	36,800	17,455	19,345
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	133,655	73,575	60,085	32,890	17,360	15,530
China^{Census data footnote 162}	175,825	79,635	96,190	53,570	23,445	30,125
France	72,920	40,610	32,310	3,505	1,885	1,615
Other	993,135	475,145	517,990	152,530	68,935	83,595
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,585	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,610
In the labour force	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,645	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Employed	17,230,040	8,923,540	8,306,490	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Unemployed	1,442,435	808,285	634,150	165,975	91,385	74,590
Not in the labour force	9,970,545	4,258,605	5,711,945	1,398,710	596,935	801,775
Participation rate	65.2	69.6	61.0	63.9	68.3	59.7
Employment rate	60.2	63.8	56.7	59.6	63.4	55.9
Unemployment rate	7.7	8.3	7.1	6.7	7.1	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	28,643,020	13,990,430	14,652,580	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	9,282,005	3,930,570	5,351,440	1,290,235	547,350	742,885
Worked	19,361,010	10,059,865	9,301,150	2,580,140	1,335,420	1,244,720
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	9,626,010	5,402,110	4,223,895	1,183,405	675,950	507,460
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	9,735,005	4,657,755	5,077,245	1,396,735	659,470	737,260
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	42.9	42.0	41.8	42.4	41.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	18,672,470	9,731,825	8,940,640	2,471,670	1,285,840	1,185,835
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,705	206,640	43,805	21,245	22,555
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,275
Employee	16,073,685	8,158,745	7,914,940	2,084,470	1,054,630	1,029,840
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	2,194,440	1,375,380	819,060	343,395	209,955	133,430
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	18,672,470	9,731,830	8,940,645	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,710	206,640	43,805	21,245	22,560
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,120	9,534,120	8,734,005	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,270
0 Management occupations	2,013,370	1,251,165	762,205	275,000	168,820	106,180
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,874,305	862,870	2,011,440	368,940	106,205	262,740
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,273,660	990,560	283,105	161,520	127,060	34,460
3 Health occupations	1,245,885	244,730	1,001,155	162,865	35,775	127,095
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,138,445	672,945	1,465,495	269,255	87,765	181,485
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	557,275	255,705	301,570	93,100	44,855	48,245
6 Sales and service occupations	4,265,895	1,843,510	2,422,390	595,225	251,490	343,735
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,668,875	2,504,290	164,585	360,970	339,660	21,315
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	416,135	331,920	84,215	64,235	47,530	16,700
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	814,285	576,435	237,845	76,745	55,430	21,315
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	18,672,475	9,731,830	8,940,640	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	404,350	197,710	206,640	43,805	21,250	22,555
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	18,268,125	9,534,120	8,734,000	2,427,865	1,264,590	1,163,270
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	444,680	310,000	134,675	65,205	42,840	22,360
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	271,300	219,880	51,420	25,920	21,810	4,115
22 Utilities	136,350	100,135	36,210	12,445	8,915	3,535
23 Construction	1,365,010	1,196,550	168,455	199,985	175,195	24,790
31-33 Manufacturing	1,596,570	1,149,745	446,820	157,560	113,945	43,615
41 Wholesale trade	665,685	451,230	214,455	82,105	55,530	26,580
44-45 Retail trade	2,110,200	984,090	1,126,115	283,135	129,985	153,150
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	876,050	656,375	219,670	128,400	98,580	29,815
51 Information and cultural industries	420,350	243,650	176,705	67,225	41,065	26,155
52 Finance and insurance	790,580	327,865	462,715	93,805	38,430	55,380
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	333,305	184,350	148,955	54,995	29,515	25,475
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,335,125	740,520	594,605	196,670	107,680	88,990
55 Management of companies and enterprises	28,795	12,795	16,000	4,320	1,975	2,345
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	802,420	462,825	339,590	109,095	62,325	46,775
61 Educational services	1,346,585	420,845	925,735	173,820	56,455	117,365
62 Health care and social assistance	2,138,025	383,755	1,754,270	270,855	52,320	218,530
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	379,740	192,875	186,865	57,940	29,050	28,895
72 Accommodation and food services	1,283,725	535,210	748,515	207,045	86,555	120,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	814,695	371,880	442,815	112,335	47,960	64,375
91 Public administration	1,128,945	589,530	539,405	125,000	64,450	60,545
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	17,230,035	8,923,540	8,306,495	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Worked at home	1,272,285	639,500	632,785	196,510	95,515	100,990
Worked outside Canada	78,815	54,235	24,580	16,040	11,285	4,760
No fixed workplace address	1,987,260	1,487,445	499,820	326,180	243,130	83,050
Worked at usual place	13,891,675	6,742,360	7,149,315	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	13,891,680	6,742,365	7,149,315	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,102,115	3,723,115	4,379,005	864,410	382,105	482,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,906,390	1,435,640	1,470,750	807,840	405,435	402,400
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,725,205	1,492,170	1,233,030	81,750	47,820	33,930
Commute to a different province or territory	157,970	91,445	66,525	12,965	9,160	3,805
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	2,093,145	1,087,655	1,005,490
Car, truck, van - as a driver	11,748,095	6,380,120	5,367,975	1,475,585	803,485	672,095
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	868,920	349,855	519,065	114,580	49,075	65,500
Public transit	1,968,215	846,735	1,121,485	274,205	117,830	156,375
Walked	877,985	392,950	485,030	142,310	62,395	79,920
Bicycle	222,130	146,615	75,515	51,350	32,665	18,680
Other method	193,595	113,525	80,060	35,115	22,195	12,915
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	15,878,945	8,229,810	7,649,130	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Less than 15 minutes	4,449,920	2,071,365	2,378,555	601,950	276,005	325,950
15 to 29 minutes	5,314,295	2,725,165	2,589,130	689,520	353,590	335,925
30 to 44 minutes	3,228,845	1,782,680	1,446,165	425,680	237,995	187,685
45 to 59 minutes	1,391,060	768,115	622,940	184,690	104,220	80,465
60 minutes and over	1,494,830	882,485	612,345	191,305	115,840	75,470
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	15,878,940	8,229,810	7,649,135	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,073,680	781,230	292,455	142,370	101,315	41,050
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,814,750	1,754,045	1,060,710	342,500	214,795	127,700
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,458,835	2,217,210	2,241,620	526,485	271,110	255,375
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,349,975	1,408,710	1,941,265	470,210	202,910	267,295
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,756,265	752,940	1,003,325	292,185	125,470	166,715
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,425,435	1,315,670	1,109,765	319,400	172,045	147,355
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	19,956,255	10,342,970	9,613,285	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
Single responses	19,365,980	10,042,855	9,323,130	2,622,495	1,354,780	1,267,710
Official languages	19,090,545	9,897,470	9,193,075	2,537,990	1,309,980	1,228,015
English	15,265,335	7,952,010	7,313,320	2,531,850	1,308,325	1,223,530
French	3,825,215	1,945,465	1,879,750	6,140	1,660	4,485
Non-official languages	275,430	145,380	130,055	84,500	44,805	39,705
Aboriginal languages	24,950	12,385	12,565	260	75	180
Algonquian languages	14,440	7,370	7,070	15	0	10
Blackfoot	80	45	35	0	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	11,540	5,820	5,720	10	0	10
Atikamekw	1,095	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	2,055	970	1,085	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	370	180	190	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	25	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	60	35	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	10	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	75	35	40	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	7,795	3,965	3,835	10	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	925	510	420	0	0	0
Malecite	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	915	505	410	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,895	995	900	0	0	0
Algonquin	45	20	25	0	0	0
Ojibway	765	380	385	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	1,080	595	485	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,140	530	610	45	15	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,135	525	610	45	15	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	20	0	15
Chilcotin	20	0	10	20	10	10
Dene	770	360	405	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	165	80	80	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	10	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	135	65	70	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	95	45	45	0	0	0
South Slavey	35	20	20	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	10	10	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	10
Inuit languages	8,845	4,255	4,595	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	8,800	4,240	4,555	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	10	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	110	25	85	110	30	85
Comox	0	0	0	10	0	10
Halkomelem	15	10	10	15	0	15
Lillooet	15	10	10	15	0	0
Okanagan	20	10	20	20	0	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	35	0	30	30	10	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	15	15	0	10
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	260	155	105	0	0	0
Dakota	20	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	240	145	95	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	10	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	0	20	25	10	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	10	10	15	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	35	15	20	30	10	20
Haisla	0	0	0	10	0	10
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	15	10	10	10	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	15	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	250,485	132,990	117,490	84,245	44,730	39,520
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,380	4,530	2,850	440	295	145
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	275	105	170	0	0	10
Bilen	10	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	45	25	20	0	0	0
Somali	220	80	145	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,065	4,420	2,650	435	295	135
Amharic	200	95	100	15	15	0
Arabic	5,585	3,695	1,890	320	235	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	205	155	55	25	20	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	20	15	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	825	335	490	75	30	50
Maltese	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	135	70	60	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	8,550	3,790	4,760	2,505	1,165	1,345
Khmer (Cambodian)	475	230	245	45	30	20
Vietnamese	8,070	3,560	4,510	2,460	1,140	1,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,850	1,750	2,095	825	385	440
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	75	20	55	20	0	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	0	15	0	0	0
Ilocano	110	50	60	30	15	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	140	75	65	65	35	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,450	1,580	1,875	695	320	375
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	20	15	10
Creole languages	350	125	225	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	315	110	200	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	2,225	1,060	1,165	30	15	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	90	50	45	0	0	0
Tamil	2,090	1,005	1,080	30	10	15
Telugu	45	10	35	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85,550	47,305	38,245	23,765	13,305	10,460
Albanian	350	220	125	15	15	0
Armenian	450	220	230	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10,075	4,745	5,330	950	440	510
Baltic languages	95	35	60	10	10	0
Latvian	40	10	25	0	0	0
Lithuanian	60	25	30	10	0	0
Slavic languages	9,980	4,710	5,270	935	435	500
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	155	90	65	15	0	10
Bulgarian	205	110	90	10	0	10
Croatian	220	130	95	30	10	25
Czech	70	40	30	40	20	10
Macedonian	95	45	55	0	0	10
Polish	2,500	1,265	1,235	115	50	70
Russian	4,850	2,135	2,720	565	255	315
Serbian	530	320	210	95	55	40
Serbo-Croatian	30	25	0	0	0	0
Slovak	100	60	40	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,210	485	725	40	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	20	10	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0	0	0
Germanic languages	13,285	7,455	5,835	805	465	335
Afrikaans	85	40	40	15	10	0
Danish	90	50	35	15	15	0
Dutch	1,165	630	540	120	70	45
Frisian	40	25	15	0	0	0
German	10,065	5,715	4,345	590	330	260
Icelandic	0	10	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	65	30	40	15	10	10
Swedish	125	55	70	25	20	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	20	15	0	0	0
Yiddish	895	390	505	10	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	720	495	225	0	0	0
Greek	1,020	545	475	55	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages	37,330	21,140	16,190	19,805	11,280	8,535
Indo-Aryan languages	32,485	18,125	14,360	18,715	10,560	8,160
Bengali	530	275	245	15	15	0
Gujarati	880	300	585	35	15	25
Hindi	1,405	755	650	300	185	110
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	30	15	15	0	0	0
Nepali	195	95	100	20	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	27,870	15,945	11,920	18,295	10,310	7,985
Sindhi	35	10	30	0	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	0	0	0
Urdu	1,495	705	790	45	25	25
Iranian languages	4,820	3,000	1,815	1,085	720	365
Kurdish	185	150	40	25	25	0
Pashto	50	20	25	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	4,580	2,830	1,750	1,060	700	360
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,025	12,965	10,060	2,140	1,085	1,060
Catalan	30	10	20	10	10	0
Italian	1,705	895	805	110	50	60
Portuguese	7,490	4,795	2,695	515	255	260
Romanian	745	365	380	70	45	25
Spanish	13,030	6,885	6,145	1,435	725	710
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	10	0	0
Japanese	3,255	1,195	2,065	1,730	650	1,080
Kartvelian languages	30	10	20	0	0	0
Georgian	30	10	20	10	10	0
Korean	12,150	6,260	5,885	5,585	3,005	2,585
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	10	0	10	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	235	120	115	10	15	0
Akan (Twi)	25	10	20	10	0	0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	20	10	10	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	10	0	10	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	0	15	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	80	50	30	0	0	0
Wolof	10	0	10	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	15	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,920	740	1,180	280	90	190
American Sign Language	1,145	340	810	215	45	165
Quebec Sign Language	135	15	115	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	640	390	255	70	45	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,880	65,030	57,850	48,735	25,645	23,085
Chinese languages	122,610	64,880	57,730	48,645	25,595	23,055
Cantonese	58,815	30,485	28,340	23,555	12,020	11,535
Hakka	70	25	45	15	0	10
Mandarin	60,090	32,430	27,665	23,835	12,935	10,900
Min Dong	25	15	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	565	335	225	210	120	85
Wu (Shanghainese)	105	65	45	50	25	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,930	1,530	1,405	985	485	500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	270	155	115	85	50	30
Burmese	75	35	35	25	15	15
Karenic languages	135	75	55	55	35	15
Tibetan	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	675	270	405	170	65	110
Lao	150	70	80	10	0	10
Thai	525	205	325	165	65	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	750	475	275	65	50	15
Azerbaijani	30	20	0	0	10	0
Turkish	685	435	255	55	40	15
Uyghur	15	15	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	15	10	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	595	270	325	45	20	25
Estonian	50	15	40	0	0	0
Finnish	105	40	65	25	10	15
Hungarian	435	225	215	25	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	35	20	20
Multiple responses	590,270	300,115	290,155	48,205	23,795	24,410
English and French	412,680	211,095	201,585	4,210	1,865	2,345
English and non-official language	154,285	77,870	76,420	43,480	21,760	21,720
French and non-official language	7,830	3,595	4,235	55	30	25
English, French and non-official language	15,475	7,565	7,915	465	145	320
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	19,956,250	10,342,970	9,613,290	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
None	17,456,725	9,056,235	8,400,490	2,498,070	1,293,650	1,204,420
English	1,259,225	661,460	597,765	36,505	18,270	18,235
French	705,780	349,035	356,745	22,465	10,170	12,300
Non-official language	496,565	257,455	239,105	110,375	54,925	55,455
Aboriginal	37,615	17,215	20,400	1,860	630	1,225
Non-Aboriginal	458,945	240,245	218,710	108,515	54,295	54,225
English and French	2,535	1,200	1,335	60	40	15
English and non-official language	18,040	8,765	9,280	1,155	545	610
French and non-official language	17,265	8,730	8,540	2,070	980	1,090
English, French and non-official language	115	90	30	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	34,091,785	16,783,745	17,308,035	4,516,810	2,215,515	2,301,295
Non-movers	29,644,795	14,593,190	15,051,605	3,811,375	1,868,420	1,942,945
Movers	4,446,990	2,190,555	2,256,435	705,440	347,095	358,345
Non-migrants	2,623,515	1,292,750	1,330,760	386,620	189,765	196,855
Migrants	1,823,475	897,805	925,670	318,825	157,335	161,490
Internal migrants	1,451,005	713,060	737,945	249,960	123,425	126,540
Intraprovincial migrants	1,189,525	580,895	608,630	188,225	92,150	96,070
Interprovincial migrants	261,475	132,160	129,315	61,740	31,275	30,465
External migrants	372,475	184,745	187,730	68,860	33,910	34,950
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	32,568,560	16,004,315	16,564,245	4,339,960	2,124,780	2,215,180
Non-movers	20,134,760	9,902,645	10,232,115	2,490,535	1,220,635	1,269,905
Movers	12,433,805	6,101,675	6,332,130	1,849,425	904,145	945,275
Non-migrants	6,755,630	3,314,730	3,440,905	940,895	460,185	480,710
Migrants	5,678,175	2,786,945	2,891,230	908,535	443,965	464,570
Internal migrants	4,296,720	2,104,325	2,192,395	672,805	329,700	343,105
Intraprovincial migrants	3,467,670	1,689,950	1,777,720	503,685	245,895	257,795
Interprovincial migrants	829,045	414,375	414,670	169,115	83,805	85,310
External migrants	1,381,460	682,625	698,835	235,730	114,265	121,465

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Canada [Country] and British Columbia [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 1, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and British Columbia [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Canada [Country] and British Columbia [Province]