Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	New Brunswick [Province]			Saskatchewan [Province]
	Data quality , New Brunswick [Province] Map : New Brunswick [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Saskatchewan [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	747,101	...	...	1,098,352	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	751,171	...	...	1,033,381	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.5	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	359,721	...	...	495,582	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	319,773	...	...	432,622	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	10.5	...	...	1.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	71,388.81	...	...	588,243.54	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	747,105	365,355	381,745	1,098,350	545,785	552,565
0 to 14 years	110,495	56,320	54,180	215,685	110,410	105,275
0 to 4 years	34,365	17,505	16,860	73,130	37,335	35,795
5 to 9 years	38,250	19,515	18,735	74,460	38,155	36,305
10 to 14 years	37,880	19,295	18,585	68,095	34,920	33,175
15 to 64 years	487,820	240,535	247,285	712,240	358,110	354,130
15 to 19 years	40,605	20,905	19,705	67,660	34,675	32,980
20 to 24 years	41,445	21,280	20,165	70,060	36,075	33,985
25 to 29 years	39,245	19,745	19,505	77,525	39,290	38,235
30 to 34 years	41,510	20,140	21,365	77,520	38,610	38,915
35 to 39 years	44,435	21,585	22,850	71,590	35,940	35,650
40 to 44 years	48,430	23,520	24,910	64,950	32,515	32,440
45 to 49 years	51,300	25,195	26,105	63,580	31,780	31,795
50 to 54 years	61,055	29,795	31,265	75,245	37,230	38,015
55 to 59 years	61,740	30,210	31,530	76,195	38,070	38,125
60 to 64 years	58,060	28,170	29,895	67,915	33,935	33,985
65 years and over	148,785	68,500	80,280	170,425	77,265	93,160
65 to 69 years	52,160	25,595	26,570	53,230	26,285	26,945
70 to 74 years	36,050	17,695	18,360	37,740	18,225	19,510
75 to 79 years	25,300	11,835	13,465	29,400	13,415	15,985
80 to 84 years	17,650	7,515	10,135	23,115	9,945	13,170
85 years and over	17,620	5,860	11,765	26,940	9,395	17,550
85 to 89 years	10,670	3,910	6,760	16,280	6,305	9,975
90 to 94 years	5,305	1,595	3,715	8,000	2,515	5,485
95 to 99 years	1,435	330	1,110	2,290	520	1,760
100 years and over	205	30	185	375	50	325
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.4	14.2	19.6	20.2	19.1
15 to 64 years	65.3	65.8	64.8	64.8	65.6	64.1
65 years and over	19.9	18.7	21.0	15.5	14.2	16.9
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.1	2.5	1.7	3.2
Average age of the population	43.6	42.7	44.5	39.1	38.2	40.0
Median age of the population	45.7	44.8	46.6	37.8	36.9	38.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	319,770	...	...	432,620	...	...
Single-detached house	221,515	...	...	314,340	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,945	...	...	10,520	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	80,515	...	...	98,435	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,470	...	...	12,705	...	...
Row house	9,015	...	...	18,535	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	13,545	...	...	9,385	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	44,260	...	...	57,115	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,230	...	...	700	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	13,795	...	...	9,325	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	319,775	...	...	432,625	...	...
1 person	89,480	...	...	121,175	...	...
2 persons	126,820	...	...	153,610	...	...
3 persons	49,465	...	...	60,240	...	...
4 persons	37,625	...	...	56,080	...	...
5 or more persons	16,385	...	...	41,520	...	...
Number of persons in private households	730,705	...	...	1,070,560	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	636,605	309,040	327,570	882,670	435,375	447,290
Married or living common law	379,605	189,790	189,820	520,430	261,075	259,355
Married	302,020	151,100	150,925	437,875	219,800	218,075
Living common law	77,580	38,685	38,895	82,550	41,270	41,280
Not married and not living common law	257,000	119,250	137,745	362,240	174,310	187,930
Never married	158,070	85,640	72,430	242,070	133,750	108,325
Separated	21,290	9,530	11,760	19,795	8,945	10,855
Divorced	35,680	15,275	20,405	47,180	20,985	26,200
Widowed	41,965	8,805	33,160	53,190	10,635	42,555
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	222,865	...	...	302,260	...	...
2 persons	129,065	...	...	157,195	...	...
3 persons	47,015	...	...	58,770	...	...
4 persons	34,860	...	...	54,125	...	...
5 or more persons	11,920	...	...	32,170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	222,865	...	...	302,260	...	...
Total couple families	186,680	...	...	252,765	...	...
Married couples	147,900	...	...	211,500	...	...
Common-law couples	38,780	...	...	41,265	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	36,185	...	...	49,495	...	...
Female parent	28,650	...	...	38,165	...	...
Male parent	7,530	...	...	11,330	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	186,675	...	...	252,770	...	...
Couples without children	105,625	...	...	129,085	...	...
Couples with children	81,060	...	...	123,685	...	...
1 child	37,440	...	...	45,495	...	...
2 children	32,380	...	...	49,035	...	...
3 or more children	11,235	...	...	29,150	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	36,185	...	...	49,490	...	...
1 child	23,440	...	...	28,110	...	...
2 children	9,570	...	...	13,280	...	...
3 or more children	3,170	...	...	8,105	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	128,775	61,010	67,770	187,765	95,550	92,210
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	319,770	...	...	432,620	...	...
One-census-family households	214,235	...	...	285,675	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	102,170	...	...	124,620	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	112,070	...	...	161,055	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	4,280	...	...	7,975	...	...
Non-census-family households	101,255	...	...	138,965	...	...
One-person households	89,480	...	...	121,175	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	11,775	...	...	17,795	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	736,280	360,440	375,840	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
English only	420,820	210,555	210,260	1,023,400	511,940	511,460
French only	63,140	29,955	33,190	535	255	280
English and French	249,950	118,705	131,245	51,360	23,290	28,065
Neither English nor French	2,370	1,220	1,150	7,945	3,620	4,325
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	736,280	360,440	375,845	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
English	498,365	244,230	254,135	1,060,225	528,155	532,075
French	232,450	113,500	118,945	13,555	6,590	6,960
English and French	3,210	1,550	1,655	1,770	890	885
Neither English nor French	2,255	1,150	1,100	7,685	3,475	4,220
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	234,055	114,280	119,775	14,435	7,035	7,405
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	31.8	31.7	31.9	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	736,280	360,440	375,845	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
Single responses	726,990	356,005	370,990	1,064,675	530,145	534,530
Official languages	703,840	344,285	359,555	907,715	452,955	454,760
English	472,725	231,595	241,135	892,615	445,635	446,985
French	231,110	112,690	118,415	15,100	7,320	7,775
Non-official languages	23,150	11,715	11,435	156,960	77,195	79,770
Aboriginal languages	2,165	1,035	1,135	28,340	13,685	14,660
Algonquian languages	2,130	1,020	1,110	19,965	9,640	10,325
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	19,015	9,190	9,825
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	30	15	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	2,080	975	1,105
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	250	115	135
Woods Cree	0	0	0	780	370	410
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	15,860	7,710	8,155
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,115	1,010	1,105	5	0	5
Malecite	280	125	155	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	1,835	885	950	5	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	935	445	490
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	0	925	440	485
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	7,860	3,800	4,060
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,860	3,805	4,055
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	7,855	3,800	4,055
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	5	15	35	10	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Inuktitut	15	5	10	20	10	15
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	235	110	125
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	5	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	230	110	120
Dakota	0	0	0	195	85	105
Stoney	0	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	5	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,990	10,685	10,300	128,620	63,510	65,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,190	1,805	1,385	6,770	3,560	3,215
Berber languages	40	25	15	10	5	0
Kabyle	20	10	5	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	10	5	0
Cushitic languages	30	15	20	1,050	505	545
Bilen	0	0	0	55	25	30
Oromo	5	5	5	195	100	90
Somali	25	10	15	775	355	415
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Semitic languages	3,110	1,760	1,355	5,685	3,035	2,650
Amharic	65	35	25	290	140	155
Arabic	2,855	1,615	1,235	4,040	2,200	1,840
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	305	160	145
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	150	75	75
Harari	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hebrew	170	90	80	75	45	30
Maltese	0	0	5	10	5	5
Tigrigna	20	15	10	680	340	340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	65	60
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	25	15	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	635	305	330	2,560	1,250	1,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	135	70	70
Vietnamese	620	305	320	2,420	1,180	1,235
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,375	510	865	23,415	11,130	12,280
Bikol	5	0	5	85	40	40
Cebuano	105	35	65	1,545	685	855
Fijian	0	0	0	25	20	5
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	255	120	140
Ilocano	50	15	35	790	370	415
Malagasy	15	5	10	0	0	0
Malay	45	20	30	125	55	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	175	80	95
Pangasinan	0	0	0	40	15	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,120	420	700	20,045	9,590	10,455
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	60	30	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	265	125	140
Creole languages	135	70	65	220	105	120
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	80	30	50	150	70	80
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	65	30	35
Dravidian languages	285	155	130	1,560	865	700
Kannada	20	15	10	60	35	30
Malayalam	40	15	20	850	455	395
Tamil	105	60	50	350	200	150
Telugu	110	60	45	285	165	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	9,325	4,790	4,530	73,170	36,230	36,930
Albanian	50	25	25	380	190	190
Armenian	30	15	10	70	40	30
Balto-Slavic languages	1,740	865	875	18,460	8,490	9,970
Baltic languages	55	30	30	175	85	90
Latvian	25	10	10	100	45	50
Lithuanian	35	15	15	75	40	35
Slavic languages	1,685	835	850	18,285	8,400	9,885
Belarusan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	50	25	25	225	110	120
Bulgarian	20	10	10	65	35	30
Croatian	75	35	40	455	240	220
Czech	55	25	25	235	115	125
Macedonian	15	10	5	55	30	30
Polish	230	105	125	1,865	850	1,015
Russian	880	440	435	3,045	1,460	1,580
Serbian	105	55	45	465	235	225
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	120	60	65
Slovak	25	15	15	115	60	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	80	40	45
Ukrainian	170	85	90	11,270	5,035	6,230
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	145	145
Celtic languages	30	5	20	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	15	5	10	10	5	5
Welsh	10	0	10	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	25	10	5
Germanic languages	2,875	1,415	1,465	24,455	11,710	12,745
Afrikaans	50	30	25	880	450	430
Danish	125	55	75	255	145	110
Dutch	885	470	410	1,385	685	700
Frisian	35	25	10	30	20	10
German	1,650	780	865	21,320	10,150	11,170
Icelandic	5	0	0	55	20	25
Norwegian	40	25	20	310	140	165
Swedish	50	15	35	150	60	90
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	60	25	35
Yiddish	10	5	5	25	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	145	100	50	935	490	445
Indo-Iranian languages	1,850	1,020	835	22,335	12,065	10,270
Indo-Aryan languages	1,175	655	525	19,995	10,780	9,210
Bengali	205	120	85	2,795	1,495	1,300
Gujarati	75	40	30	2,510	1,420	1,090
Hindi	225	135	95	1,545	880	665
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	10	10
Konkani	10	5	5	35	15	10
Marathi	50	20	25	140	80	55
Nepali	180	90	90	770	400	370
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	5	25	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	75	50	5,250	2,890	2,360
Sindhi	25	10	10	120	65	55
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	270	130	135
Urdu	240	140	100	6,520	3,380	3,135
Iranian languages	655	355	305	2,065	1,130	940
Kurdish	55	30	25	145	80	65
Pashto	25	15	10	555	315	235
Persian (Farsi)	580	310	270	1,370	735	635
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	275	155	120
Italic (Romance) languages	2,605	1,355	1,250	6,470	3,225	3,250
Catalan	5	5	0	5	0	0
Italian	400	225	175	705	365	340
Portuguese	260	130	130	615	265	350
Romanian	485	250	240	850	425	430
Spanish	1,460	755	705	4,290	2,165	2,125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	110	25	85	320	100	220
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Georgian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Korean	1,550	800	750	1,670	800	865
Mongolic languages	5	5	0	40	20	25
Mongolian	5	5	5	40	20	25
Niger-Congo languages	700	385	315	2,310	1,235	1,075
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	190	115	75
Bamanankan	60	35	25	0	0	5
Edo	0	0	0	35	20	15
Ewe	5	5	0	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	30	15	25	15	5
Ga	5	5	5	20	15	5
Ganda	10	0	0	35	15	20
Igbo	30	20	10	215	125	90
Lingala	25	15	15	30	20	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	25	20	145	85	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	115	55	60
Shona	20	10	10	90	55	40
Swahili	135	65	70	425	220	205
Wolof	25	20	10	20	10	10
Yoruba	30	15	20	465	240	220
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	195	105	85	430	220	215
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	335	195	140
Dinka	5	0	0	115	70	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	220	120	100
Sign languages	145	75	70	200	100	100
American Sign Language	40	20	30	65	35	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	95	55	45	135	70	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,115	1,570	1,545	13,500	6,700	6,795
Chinese languages	3,085	1,555	1,530	12,460	6,165	6,290
Cantonese	440	225	210	3,775	1,830	1,950
Hakka	20	10	10	35	20	15
Mandarin	2,250	1,105	1,150	7,230	3,600	3,630
Min Dong	0	5	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	15	210	110	100
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	45	55	60	35	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	240	150	85	1,135	570	565
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	1,040	530	505
Burmese	0	0	5	180	115	65
Karenic languages	25	15	10	810	395	415
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	60	15	50	525	235	290
Lao	5	0	0	345	175	170
Thai	55	10	45	180	55	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	105	60	45	360	185	175
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	25	10	10
Turkish	75	50	30	290	155	130
Uyghur	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uzbek	10	5	5	30	5	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	15	10	10
Uralic languages	250	115	135	1,555	735	820
Estonian	20	5	10	20	10	10
Finnish	45	15	30	205	85	120
Hungarian	185	90	95	1,330	650	685
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	100	55	45
Multiple responses	9,290	4,440	4,855	18,560	8,955	9,605
English and French	7,285	3,470	3,815	2,045	985	1,060
English and non-official language	1,535	725	810	15,925	7,675	8,245
French and non-official language	330	175	155	315	150	165
English, French and non-official language	145	65	75	280	145	135
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	736,280	360,435	375,845	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
Single responses	724,940	355,025	369,910	1,049,130	522,390	526,740
Official languages	712,250	348,510	363,740	968,625	481,845	486,780
English	505,935	247,610	258,325	964,640	479,915	484,730
French	206,315	100,900	105,415	3,985	1,930	2,050
Non-official languages	12,690	6,515	6,175	80,505	40,540	39,960
Aboriginal languages	820	400	420	16,605	8,355	8,245
Algonquian languages	820	395	420	10,145	5,185	4,960
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	5	0	10,000	5,105	4,895
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	1,195	580	610
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	95	40	55
Woods Cree	0	0	0	180	100	85
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	8,525	4,380	4,145
Eastern Algonquian languages	815	395	420	0	0	0
Malecite	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	765	370	395	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	140	75	65
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	145	80	70
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	6,360	3,130	3,235
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	6,365	3,130	3,230
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	6,360	3,130	3,230
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	5	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0	45	20	25
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	50	25	20
Dakota	0	0	0	35	15	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,870	6,115	5,750	63,905	32,185	31,720
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,285	1,210	1,075	4,625	2,340	2,290
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	720	335	380
Bilen	0	0	0	30	15	15
Oromo	0	0	0	140	75	70
Somali	20	5	10	530	245	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Semitic languages	2,265	1,200	1,065	3,900	1,995	1,905
Amharic	20	10	10	150	75	70
Arabic	2,110	1,125	990	2,890	1,500	1,390
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	225	105	120
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	115	60	55
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	130	60	70	25	10	15
Maltese	0	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	430	205	220
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	525	255	270	1,740	850	895
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	40	20	25
Vietnamese	520	250	270	1,700	830	865
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	510	235	270	12,515	6,210	6,300
Bikol	0	0	0	15	5	10
Cebuano	40	15	25	580	280	295
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	110	60	50
Ilocano	0	0	0	240	115	120
Malagasy	5	0	5	0	0	0
Malay	15	0	5	35	20	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	70	35	35
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	450	215	235	11,345	5,630	5,715
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	95	50	45
Creole languages	65	25	35	95	35	65
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	15	65	25	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	35	10	20
Dravidian languages	110	60	45	845	440	410
Kannada	5	0	0	20	10	10
Malayalam	20	5	10	525	265	260
Tamil	35	20	20	155	90	65
Telugu	45	30	15	145	75	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,160	2,175	1,990	31,235	15,915	15,325
Albanian	30	15	10	205	100	100
Armenian	20	5	10	45	25	20
Balto-Slavic languages	975	505	470	5,170	2,560	2,610
Baltic languages	35	20	15	80	35	45
Latvian	10	5	5	40	20	20
Lithuanian	25	15	10	40	15	25
Slavic languages	935	480	455	5,090	2,525	2,560
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	15	10	85	45	40
Bulgarian	5	5	0	35	20	15
Croatian	25	10	15	170	85	85
Czech	5	0	5	30	20	15
Macedonian	0	0	0	35	15	15
Polish	55	25	30	480	220	255
Russian	620	320	305	1,725	875	840
Serbian	80	45	35	270	140	130
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	45	20	25
Slovak	5	5	5	30	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ukrainian	90	50	40	2,010	985	1,025
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	80	90
Celtic languages	10	0	5	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	5	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Germanic languages	640	320	320	8,110	3,990	4,120
Afrikaans	35	15	20	530	275	250
Danish	5	5	5	10	5	0
Dutch	150	80	75	200	110	95
Frisian	5	0	5	5	0	0
German	425	215	210	7,290	3,565	3,725
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	10	5	10
Swedish	5	0	5	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Greek	45	25	25	395	190	205
Indo-Iranian languages	1,140	595	545	14,385	7,560	6,825
Indo-Aryan languages	655	335	325	12,960	6,820	6,140
Bengali	130	70	60	1,915	980	930
Gujarati	40	15	20	1,585	865	720
Hindi	115	60	50	880	490	390
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	5	5	0	10	5	5
Marathi	20	10	10	55	30	30
Nepali	135	60	75	570	290	275
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25	3,485	1,885	1,605
Sindhi	10	5	0	55	25	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	140	70	70
Urdu	140	75	70	4,265	2,180	2,080
Iranian languages	470	255	220	1,280	660	615
Kurdish	35	25	10	65	40	30
Pashto	15	5	5	345	185	160
Persian (Farsi)	425	225	195	865	435	430
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	150	80	65
Italic (Romance) languages	1,305	705	600	2,920	1,480	1,435
Catalan	5	5	0	0	0	0
Italian	85	40	45	155	80	75
Portuguese	110	50	60	220	100	115
Romanian	290	145	140	315	165	150
Spanish	820	470	350	2,220	1,130	1,085
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Japanese	20	10	15	120	45	75
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,245	645	605	1,180	590	595
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	25	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0	25	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	240	125	120	735	350	380
Akan (Twi)	10	5	10	55	30	25
Bamanankan	20	15	5	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	10	0	5
Ewe	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	5	20	10	10
Ga	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	10	5	5
Igbo	5	5	0	40	15	20
Lingala	10	5	5	15	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	15	10	85	45	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	35	15	25
Shona	5	0	5	35	25	15
Swahili	80	35	45	200	90	110
Wolof	5	5	0	0	5	0
Yoruba	5	5	5	115	55	55
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	100	45	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	135	65	70
Dinka	0	0	0	65	30	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	40
Sign languages	200	115	85	285	175	105
American Sign Language	55	30	25	50	30	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	150	90	60	230	150	85
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,390	1,210	1,175	9,700	4,835	4,865
Chinese languages	2,365	1,195	1,170	8,925	4,450	4,475
Cantonese	260	130	130	2,400	1,140	1,265
Hakka	5	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	1,855	930	920	5,645	2,865	2,780
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	5	80	45	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	85	40	45	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	80	55	760	385	380
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	775	380	395
Burmese	5	0	0	115	65	55
Karenic languages	20	10	10	640	310	335
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	190	85	105
Lao	0	0	0	125	60	60
Thai	10	5	5	70	25	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	195	100	95
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5	5	5
Turkish	25	15	5	170	90	85
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Uralic languages	70	35	40	240	125	120
Estonian	5	0	0	10	0	5
Finnish	5	5	5	15	10	5
Hungarian	55	30	30	215	110	105
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Multiple responses	11,345	5,415	5,925	34,110	16,720	17,395
English and French	7,275	3,370	3,905	1,210	575	635
English and non-official language	3,435	1,715	1,720	32,250	15,810	16,435
French and non-official language	340	185	160	150	85	70
English, French and non-official language	290	140	145	495	250	250
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	736,280	360,435	375,845	1,083,235	539,100	544,130
None	647,960	318,560	329,400	983,935	490,490	493,450
English	49,925	24,065	25,855	41,920	21,045	20,875
French	30,030	13,760	16,275	9,340	4,085	5,255
Non-official language	7,545	3,650	3,895	46,495	22,705	23,785
Aboriginal	1,300	625	685	13,490	6,445	7,050
Non-Aboriginal	6,240	3,030	3,210	33,005	16,265	16,740
English and French	180	90	90	170	85	85
English and non-official language	300	160	145	860	440	420
French and non-official language	335	155	185	495	245	255
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	620,390	301,645	318,745	857,270	424,245	433,025
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	594,705	289,220	305,485	822,620	407,715	414,905
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,961	37,516	25,796	38,299	46,117	31,978
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	594,920	289,245	305,680	822,745	407,730	415,015
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,107	33,169	23,945	34,570	40,492	29,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	516,780	259,945	256,835	750,515	378,290	372,225
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,444	34,830	23,278	36,883	45,587	29,314
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	439,645	193,975	245,675	550,165	236,760	313,405
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,164	9,210	7,321	5,340	4,200	5,870
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	423,915	219,135	204,780	636,955	331,975	304,970
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,124	34,784	24,769	36,612	44,551	30,027
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	620,395	301,650	318,745	857,300	424,265	433,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,650	289,140	305,510	822,545	407,840	414,705
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,141	46,154	32,504	49,409	58,791	40,184
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,870	289,165	305,700	822,655	407,855	414,800
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,022	38,151	28,171	40,933	47,453	34,523
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	516,685	259,855	256,830	750,475	378,445	372,035
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,432	44,240	30,543	48,491	58,779	38,026
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	440,195	194,240	245,955	549,500	236,590	312,910
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,938	9,519	8,480	7,734	7,322	8,045
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	423,915	218,800	205,110	636,950	331,745	305,205
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,611	43,456	31,376	46,853	55,728	37,207
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	620,390	301,645	318,745	857,295	424,260	433,030
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	197,290	104,215	93,075	302,780	173,250	129,525
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	46,349	52,010	41,058	55,368	62,070	48,579
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	54,011	60,796	46,415	64,855	72,366	54,808
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.2	86.2	79.0	89.5	92.8	84.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.5	71.3	64.7	73.2	76.8	68.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.8	13.8	21.0	10.5	7.2	15.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	620,390	301,650	318,745	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without total income	25,680	12,430	13,260	34,645	16,530	18,120
With total income	594,710	289,220	305,490	822,620	407,715	414,905
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.8	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80,700	32,655	48,050	105,780	47,325	58,455
$10,000 to $19,999	109,015	40,415	68,600	118,380	46,195	72,180
$20,000 to $29,999	99,025	40,480	58,540	107,890	42,345	65,545
$30,000 to $39,999	83,770	41,360	42,405	95,605	41,315	54,295
$40,000 to $49,999	65,795	35,080	30,715	89,285	42,260	47,025
$50,000 to $59,999	44,810	26,560	18,250	70,395	36,950	33,450
$60,000 to $69,999	32,185	20,270	11,920	53,855	31,055	22,795
$70,000 to $79,999	24,565	14,130	10,430	41,930	25,290	16,645
$80,000 to $89,999	17,095	9,915	7,180	34,305	20,750	13,560
$90,000 to $99,999	10,240	6,980	3,260	26,165	16,100	10,060
$100,000 and over	27,515	21,380	6,135	79,030	58,125	20,905
$100,000 to $149,999	19,765	15,195	4,570	56,160	40,025	16,140
$150,000 and over	7,750	6,185	1,565	22,870	18,100	4,770
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	620,390	301,645	318,750	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without after-tax income	25,470	12,405	13,070	34,520	16,515	18,010
With after-tax income	594,920	289,240	305,680	822,745	407,730	415,015
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	95.9	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	83,590	33,140	50,455	108,310	48,150	60,160
$10,000 to $19,999	115,730	43,245	72,485	123,690	48,420	75,275
$20,000 to $29,999	118,940	51,335	67,610	125,285	50,160	75,125
$30,000 to $39,999	98,230	50,770	47,460	119,460	54,365	65,100
$40,000 to $49,999	67,470	38,665	28,810	103,250	52,900	50,350
$50,000 to $59,999	42,775	26,495	16,280	73,855	42,315	31,540
$60,000 to $69,999	28,790	16,435	12,355	53,925	32,645	21,280
$70,000 to $79,999	14,945	10,205	4,740	38,615	23,385	15,235
$80,000 and over	24,450	18,955	5,500	76,345	55,395	20,950
$80,000 to $89,999	8,385	6,340	2,040	24,935	16,370	8,560
$90,000 to $99,999	5,060	3,970	1,090	16,260	11,815	4,445
$100,000 and over	11,005	8,640	2,365	35,155	27,210	7,945
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	620,390	301,645	318,745	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without employment income	196,475	82,515	113,965	220,320	92,270	128,055
With employment income	423,910	219,140	204,775	636,950	331,980	304,970
Percentage with employment income	68.3	72.6	64.2	74.3	78.3	70.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	54,590	26,540	28,045	82,210	38,805	43,410
$5,000 to $9,999	36,840	15,720	21,120	46,620	20,310	26,310
$10,000 to $19,999	65,895	29,920	35,975	77,480	33,900	43,575
$20,000 to $29,999	59,240	25,955	33,280	68,175	29,285	38,885
$30,000 to $39,999	50,190	24,930	25,260	66,120	29,825	36,295
$40,000 to $49,999	42,140	22,160	19,980	61,800	29,930	31,870
$50,000 to $59,999	29,910	18,180	11,730	51,075	27,565	23,510
$60,000 to $69,999	23,390	14,620	8,770	39,805	23,605	16,195
$70,000 to $79,999	19,515	10,565	8,950	32,265	20,015	12,255
$80,000 and over	42,210	30,540	11,665	111,405	78,745	32,665
$80,000 to $89,999	13,190	7,840	5,345	28,240	17,220	11,020
$90,000 to $99,999	8,105	5,685	2,420	21,415	13,645	7,770
$100,000 and over	20,915	17,015	3,895	61,750	47,885	13,870
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	319,770	...	...	432,625	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,347	...	...	75,412	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,553	...	...	65,784	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	89,480	...	...	121,175	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,747	...	...	38,188	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,387	...	...	34,099	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	230,290	...	...	311,450	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,207	...	...	94,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,063	...	...	81,696	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	319,775	...	...	432,620	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	72,786	...	...	93,942	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,431	...	...	77,837	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	89,455	...	...	121,040	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,505	...	...	48,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,242	...	...	40,555	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	230,320	...	...	311,580	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,878	...	...	111,447	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,156	...	...	92,320	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	319,775	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	3,940	...	...	6,930	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,800	...	...	4,575	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,835	...	...	7,675	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	17,765	...	...	18,025	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	16,400	...	...	18,845	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,335	...	...	14,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,830	...	...	17,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,875	...	...	17,410	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,365	...	...	17,345	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,845	...	...	16,525	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	27,735	...	...	31,595	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25,205	...	...	29,700	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,750	...	...	27,605	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,415	...	...	25,810	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	16,030	...	...	23,280	...	...
$100,000 and over	74,655	...	...	154,720	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	29,535	...	...	48,375	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	18,605	...	...	35,320	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	17,050	...	...	40,875	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,460	...	...	30,160	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	319,770	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	4,090	...	...	7,355	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,880	...	...	4,680	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,980	...	...	7,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,630	...	...	18,625	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,705	...	...	20,275	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	18,580	...	...	17,325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,540	...	...	20,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	19,550	...	...	20,990	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,165	...	...	20,395	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	17,920	...	...	19,790	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	32,930	...	...	37,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,175	...	...	35,255	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	23,970	...	...	32,575	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,330	...	...	28,995	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,105	...	...	25,545	...	...
$100,000 and over	48,225	...	...	114,570	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25,135	...	...	47,890	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	11,980	...	...	29,680	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,110	...	...	36,995	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	221,680	...	...	299,345	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,353	...	...	93,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,100	...	...	81,065	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	99,865	...	...	122,845	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,988	...	...	87,865	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,801	...	...	75,765	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	82,260	...	...	124,285	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	100,315	...	...	119,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	85,717	...	...	101,656	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	33,580	...	...	44,110	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,992	...	...	50,749	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	40,671	...	...	47,776	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	221,740	...	...	299,455	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,048	...	...	111,031	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,197	...	...	91,825	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	99,840	...	...	123,045	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,085	...	...	104,889	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,576	...	...	86,074	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	82,415	...	...	124,275	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,901	...	...	135,718	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	92,699	...	...	111,601	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	33,455	...	...	44,125	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,119	...	...	62,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,687	...	...	54,678	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	114,825	54,970	59,850	161,805	82,400	79,405
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,250	30,122	25,182	35,875	40,000	32,247
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,167	27,154	23,916	32,415	35,306	29,777
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	114,375	54,300	60,075	161,560	82,510	79,050
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,738	37,330	32,395	45,756	49,739	41,598
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	29,845	31,431	28,411	38,229	40,766	35,581
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	730,710	357,860	372,850	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
In the bottom half of the distribution	428,180	204,170	224,005	506,055	243,040	263,010
In the bottom decile	80,120	37,430	42,695	111,770	55,530	56,245
In the second decile	94,165	42,190	51,980	104,900	46,610	58,285
In the third decile	87,075	41,905	45,170	94,035	44,535	49,500
In the fourth decile	85,610	42,275	43,335	96,045	47,015	49,030
In the fifth decile	81,200	40,375	40,825	99,300	49,350	49,950
In the top half of the distribution	302,530	153,685	148,845	564,505	290,345	274,160
In the sixth decile	77,345	38,915	38,425	104,200	52,705	51,495
In the seventh decile	73,185	37,190	36,005	109,400	55,670	53,725
In the eighth decile	65,090	32,815	32,275	115,215	59,255	55,965
In the ninth decile	52,050	26,635	25,410	121,965	62,875	59,085
In the top decile	34,860	18,130	16,730	113,730	59,840	53,885
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	722,550	353,870	368,680	1,014,605	505,225	509,380
0 to 17 years	131,930	67,285	64,645	230,205	117,925	112,275
0 to 5 years	40,900	20,805	20,100	79,345	40,700	38,645
18 to 64 years	452,805	221,675	231,130	631,280	316,125	315,155
65 years and over	137,820	64,915	72,905	153,120	71,180	81,950
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	123,820	55,990	67,825	130,220	60,375	69,845
0 to 17 years	29,250	14,930	14,320	41,010	20,960	20,050
0 to 5 years	10,285	5,260	5,030	15,420	7,850	7,575
18 to 64 years	66,745	29,975	36,770	67,080	31,315	35,765
65 years and over	27,830	11,090	16,745	22,130	8,100	14,025
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.1	15.8	18.4	12.8	12.0	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	22.2	22.2	22.2	17.8	17.8	17.9
0 to 5 years (%)	25.1	25.3	25.0	19.4	19.3	19.6
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	13.5	15.9	10.6	9.9	11.3
65 years and over (%)	20.2	17.1	23.0	14.5	11.4	17.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	49,830	24,165	25,660	59,440	29,890	29,545
0 to 17 years	11,520	5,890	5,630	17,870	9,140	8,735
0 to 5 years	4,200	2,145	2,055	7,005	3,540	3,465
18 to 64 years	35,680	17,255	18,425	38,775	19,470	19,305
65 years and over	2,630	1,025	1,605	2,795	1,280	1,510
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.9	6.8	7.0	5.9	5.9	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	8.7	8.8	8.7	7.8	7.8	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.3	10.2	8.8	8.7	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	7.8	8.0	6.1	6.2	6.1
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.2	1.8	1.8	1.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	730,710	357,855	372,850	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
Official languages	728,310	356,615	371,690	1,062,885	529,920	532,965
English	666,315	326,905	339,415	1,062,275	529,630	532,645
French	310,550	147,845	162,705	51,325	23,600	27,725
Non-official languages	34,880	17,355	17,525	187,450	91,805	95,645
Aboriginal languages	3,065	1,470	1,595	38,110	18,390	19,720
Algonquian languages	2,990	1,455	1,540	28,270	13,675	14,590
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	10	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	27,065	13,115	13,950
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	40	30	15
Plains Cree	0	0	0	3,665	1,770	1,900
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	10	470	185	285
Woods Cree	0	0	0	1,260	570	695
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	21,870	10,695	11,175
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,965	1,435	1,530	0	0	0
Malecite	720	335	385	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	2,265	1,115	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	15	0	1,310	620	695
Algonquin	0	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	10	0	1,300	610	690
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	9,120	4,350	4,770
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	9,105	4,345	4,760
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	9,105	4,350	4,755
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuit languages	55	10	45	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	45	10	40	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	10	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	10	0	505	240	260
Salish languages	0	10	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	510	255	250
Dakota	0	0	0	415	205	210
Stoney	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	31,865	15,915	15,955	149,475	73,470	76,000
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,355	2,385	1,980	8,595	4,585	4,015
Berber languages	80	40	35	40	35	0
Kabyle	40	20	15	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	30	25	0
Cushitic languages	15	10	0	1,305	620	690
Bilen	0	0	0	85	40	45
Oromo	0	0	0	160	70	90
Somali	10	10	0	1,090	520	570
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	4,300	2,340	1,960	7,500	4,075	3,425
Amharic	165	100	65	545	255	290
Arabic	3,685	2,030	1,660	5,605	3,165	2,435
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	505	240	265
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	195	95	100
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	435	205	230	470	245	230
Maltese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	50	25	25	705	350	355
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	120	125
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	70	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	835	430	400	3,315	1,685	1,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	210	105	105
Vietnamese	820	435	390	3,105	1,580	1,525
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,790	695	1,090	29,705	14,065	15,640
Bikol	10	0	10	90	30	55
Cebuano	185	70	115	2,115	945	1,170
Fijian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Hiligaynon	35	10	30	285	130	150
Ilocano	50	10	45	785	365	415
Malagasy	25	10	15	10	0	0
Malay	75	20	55	215	95	115
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	265	130	135
Pangasinan	0	0	0	45	25	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,595	625	970	28,655	13,575	15,080
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	35	25	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	300	145	155
Creole languages	430	195	235	495	230	270
Haitian Creole	50	20	30	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	240	105	135	240	95	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	250	125	120
Dravidian languages	435	245	195	2,190	1,205	980
Kannada	60	30	25	115	65	55
Malayalam	55	35	25	1,170	625	540
Tamil	190	115	75	635	345	290
Telugu	175	90	85	435	270	165
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	15	0	15
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	16,505	8,155	8,350	81,985	40,685	41,300
Albanian	80	45	35	560	275	285
Armenian	60	35	25	115	65	45
Balto-Slavic languages	2,065	1,100	965	20,395	9,470	10,925
Baltic languages	55	40	20	225	120	110
Latvian	20	10	10	135	60	70
Lithuanian	30	20	10	95	60	35
Slavic languages	2,025	1,070	955	20,265	9,400	10,860
Belarusan	10	0	0	20	0	15
Bosnian	75	40	40	325	155	165
Bulgarian	45	15	35	75	40	35
Croatian	95	45	55	605	355	250
Czech	115	65	45	300	155	150
Macedonian	35	25	10	65	35	35
Polish	320	165	160	2,185	1,040	1,145
Russian	1,200	630	570	5,275	2,585	2,690
Serbian	90	70	20	790	410	385
Serbo-Croatian	40	30	10	80	30	50
Slovak	45	15	30	125	85	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	105	50	50
Ukrainian	310	145	165	13,090	5,770	7,325
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	345	205	140
Celtic languages	140	40	100	165	105	65
Scottish Gaelic	95	20	75	55	35	25
Welsh	10	0	10	50	30	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	70	45	20
Germanic languages	4,745	2,360	2,380	21,275	10,435	10,840
Afrikaans	130	70	60	1,455	750	705
Danish	155	60	95	320	195	125
Dutch	1,185	560	625	1,510	720	790
Frisian	50	40	15	25	15	15
German	3,260	1,675	1,580	17,390	8,525	8,870
Icelandic	10	10	0	70	40	30
Norwegian	130	65	65	415	180	235
Swedish	110	45	60	230	95	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	25	80	25	50
Yiddish	20	20	0	75	35	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	265	135	125
Greek	220	125	95	1,470	725	745
Indo-Iranian languages	2,325	1,275	1,050	27,395	14,650	12,740
Indo-Aryan languages	1,570	875	695	25,355	13,530	11,825
Bengali	225	150	80	3,520	1,895	1,620
Gujarati	110	45	65	3,320	1,760	1,555
Hindi	790	430	355	8,040	4,480	3,560
Kashmiri	0	0	0	40	25	20
Konkani	0	0	0	40	30	15
Marathi	55	20	30	185	120	70
Nepali	185	90	95	835	435	400
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	205	130	75	8,300	4,635	3,665
Sindhi	0	0	0	180	105	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	10	20	355	205	150
Urdu	355	215	140	9,455	4,815	4,635
Iranian languages	805	430	375	2,285	1,240	1,040
Kurdish	130	65	60	145	90	60
Pashto	60	45	20	555	315	240
Persian (Farsi)	620	330	285	1,630	870	760
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	275	135	140
Italic (Romance) languages	7,600	3,540	4,055	12,660	6,085	6,570
Catalan	15	10	0	0	10	0
Italian	825	405	420	1,360	670	690
Portuguese	450	250	200	885	380	505
Romanian	555	290	265	1,105	525	575
Spanish	6,065	2,775	3,290	9,605	4,635	4,965
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	40	30	10
Japanese	430	190	240	1,205	540	665
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Georgian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Korean	1,695	860	835	1,930	850	1,080
Mongolic languages	10	10	10	55	20	30
Mongolian	15	10	10	60	25	30
Niger-Congo languages	1,525	890	640	4,125	2,245	1,885
Akan (Twi)	35	15	25	355	185	170
Bamanankan	155	70	85	0	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	20	0	20
Ewe	0	0	0	100	45	55
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	100	85	15	60	45	15
Ga	10	10	0	45	25	15
Ganda	10	10	0	20	10	10
Igbo	60	50	15	625	325	300
Lingala	125	95	35	140	70	65
Rundi (Kirundi)	90	55	35	280	150	130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	30	125	65	55
Shona	40	15	25	150	90	55
Swahili	355	185	170	950	570	380
Wolof	70	45	25	40	25	15
Yoruba	60	45	20	965	470	495
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	545	315	230	815	480	335
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	300	150	145
Dinka	0	0	0	100	65	40
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	90	105
Sign languages	1,155	450	705	1,565	585	985
American Sign Language	425	150	280	650	215	435
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	745	305	435	915	365	545
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,585	1,885	1,700	14,580	7,115	7,470
Chinese languages	3,510	1,855	1,660	13,630	6,625	7,005
Cantonese	610	285	320	4,675	2,245	2,435
Hakka	0	0	0	30	10	20
Mandarin	2,760	1,455	1,310	8,995	4,335	4,660
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	30	260	125	135
Wu (Shanghainese)	140	65	75	45	20	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	310	195	115	1,245	620	630
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	10	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	30	40	960	495	460
Burmese	0	0	0	315	185	130
Karenic languages	65	25	45	635	310	325
Tibetan	0	0	0	30	15	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	25	40
Tai-Kadai languages	85	20	65	635	245	385
Lao	10	0	10	410	170	240
Thai	80	20	60	275	105	170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	175	105	75	640	365	285
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	25	20	10
Turkish	165	105	60	530	310	220
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	60	25	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	25	10	15
Uralic languages	270	130	140	1,765	850	915
Estonian	20	15	0	20	15	10
Finnish	35	15	20	360	170	190
Hungarian	220	105	115	1,385	670	715
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	70	30	340	210	135
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	730,710	357,855	372,855	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	710,775	347,905	362,875	998,035	496,635	501,395
Canadian citizens aged under 18	130,785	66,795	63,990	237,720	121,535	116,185
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	579,995	281,110	298,880	760,310	375,105	385,210
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	19,925	9,950	9,980	72,525	36,750	35,780
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	730,710	357,855	372,850	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	692,535	339,090	353,445	945,810	470,790	475,025
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	33,810	16,175	17,640	112,490	55,800	56,690
Before 1981	11,545	5,265	6,275	16,650	8,190	8,465
1981 to 1990	2,735	1,340	1,390	5,545	2,670	2,875
1991 to 2000	2,975	1,490	1,490	9,315	4,645	4,665
2001 to 2010	7,235	3,530	3,710	33,045	16,410	16,635
2001 to 2005	2,435	1,110	1,330	8,670	4,165	4,505
2006 to 2010	4,800	2,415	2,385	24,370	12,245	12,130
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	9,330	4,560	4,770	47,935	23,880	24,055
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	4,360	2,590	1,770	12,255	6,800	5,455
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	33,815	16,175	17,635	112,495	55,795	56,695
Under 5 years	5,135	2,350	2,790	12,060	6,100	5,965
5 to 14 years	7,290	3,585	3,705	21,295	11,015	10,280
15 to 24 years	5,790	2,525	3,265	19,295	8,990	10,305
25 to 44 years	12,640	6,100	6,535	50,945	25,060	25,890
45 years and over	2,955	1,615	1,340	8,895	4,635	4,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	33,815	16,175	17,635	112,490	55,800	56,690
Americas	9,420	4,205	5,210	10,765	5,010	5,760
Brazil	55	20	30	185	65	120
Colombia	215	85	130	555	275	280
El Salvador	115	85	30	630	290	340
Guyana	80	40	45	155	75	85
Haiti	170	70	100	65	45	20
Jamaica	120	85	40	815	425	395
Mexico	160	50	110	1,330	665	665
Peru	60	35	25	165	60	100
Trinidad and Tobago	115	70	40	210	105	110
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,620	3,315	4,305	4,845	2,045	2,800
Other places of birth in Americas	715	355	360	1,805	955	845
Europe	10,985	5,335	5,650	23,640	11,900	11,740
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	55	50	455	215	245
Croatia	60	35	25	445	280	165
France	760	425	340	215	90	125
Germany	1,615	740	880	2,575	1,280	1,295
Greece	95	60	40	605	325	280
Hungary	100	35	65	395	215	180
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	160	75	85	845	490	355
Italy	210	125	85	570	305	265
Netherlands	975	505	465	1,220	585	635
Poland	195	90	100	1,395	690	705
Portugal	130	85	45	220	105	120
Romania	485	245	240	695	335	360
Russian Federation	245	115	135	805	345	460
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	25	10	585	305	280
Ukraine	250	120	130	3,280	1,630	1,650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	4,600	2,160	2,445	7,020	3,520	3,505
Other places of birth in Europe	970	455	515	2,320	1,195	1,125
Africa	2,565	1,420	1,140	10,285	5,360	4,925
Algeria	165	90	75	50	35	15
Egypt	120	75	45	435	230	205
Ethiopia	120	65	60	635	285	355
Kenya	60	30	30	425	225	200
Morocco	200	120	75	180	95	80
Nigeria	115	65	50	1,695	845	855
Somalia	15	10	10	635	335	300
South Africa, Republic of	165	85	80	1,775	920	855
Other places of birth in Africa	1,615	885	725	4,455	2,390	2,065
Asia	10,625	5,105	5,520	67,120	33,175	33,945
Afghanistan	20	10	0	515	230	285
Bangladesh	100	55	50	2,575	1,365	1,210
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,210	1,040	1,175	7,485	3,445	4,035
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	60	55	765	370	400
India	820	435	380	9,630	5,190	4,435
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	490	260	230	785	465	325
Iraq	70	25	45	1,175	625	550
Japan	90	15	75	265	65	200
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,495	775	720	1,120	475	645
Lebanon	390	225	165	255	160	90
Pakistan	225	130	95	6,860	3,575	3,280
Philippines	1,340	475	870	26,860	12,655	14,210
Sri Lanka	40	15	30	440	235	205
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,225	605	620	1,155	610	550
Taiwan	80	25	55	180	80	100
Viet Nam	720	355	365	2,615	1,340	1,280
Other places of birth in Asia	1,195	600	595	4,425	2,290	2,140
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	220	110	110	675	350	325
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,325	4,555	4,775	47,935	23,880	24,055
Americas	900	430	475	2,320	1,090	1,230
Brazil	20	10	10	45	10	35
Colombia	40	20	15	115	55	65
Cuba	10	10	10	35	20	15
Haiti	45	15	30	10	10	0
Jamaica	40	25	10	405	230	180
Mexico	25	10	20	435	215	225
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	585	285	300	745	330	420
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	25	10	20	35	10	30
Other places of birth in Americas	110	45	70	490	220	270
Europe	1,405	695	710	4,855	2,405	2,455
France	300	165	130	50	15	45
Germany	85	45	45	190	105	80
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	30	15	15	525	315	205
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	25	10	20	100	50	50
Romania	245	130	120	95	35	60
Russian Federation	90	35	55	220	85	135
Ukraine	100	50	50	1,320	550	770
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	240	145	100	855	495	355
Other places of birth in Europe	280	105	180	1,505	755	750
Africa	975	550	425	4,405	2,315	2,085
Algeria	15	20	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	45	35	10	70	35	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	75	80	245	145	100
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	15	15	0
Egypt	40	20	20	160	75	85
Eritrea	35	15	25	305	145	160
Ethiopia	45	20	25	190	110	85
Morocco	40	30	10	90	40	45
Nigeria	40	15	25	1,035	525	520
Somalia	10	0	10	300	170	125
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	550	285	265
Tunisia	50	30	20	85	45	40
Other places of birth in Africa	455	265	185	1,360	725	635
Asia	6,015	2,865	3,150	36,205	17,980	18,225
Afghanistan	0	0	0	125	45	85
Bangladesh	25	10	15	1,495	780	720
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,390	690	700	3,345	1,595	1,750
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	0	75	35	40
India	265	140	125	6,150	3,315	2,840
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	255	130	125	330	180	150
Iraq	45	20	25	405	200	205
Israel	200	90	110	95	55	35
Japan	15	0	15	40	10	35
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	600	290	310	475	195	280
Lebanon	130	75	55	80	50	30
Nepal	45	15	35	235	145	90
Pakistan	70	40	30	3,460	1,780	1,680
Philippines	925	345	580	16,615	7,905	8,715
Saudi Arabia	45	40	10	125	90	30
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	145	85	60
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,145	550	595	1,105	585	520
Taiwan	10	0	0	60	30	30
Turkey	45	40	10	80	45	35
United Arab Emirates	30	20	10	85	55	30
Viet Nam	500	250	255	855	415	445
Other places of birth in Asia	265	100	160	815	395	420
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	40	25	15	150	90	60
Australia	20	10	10	85	55	30
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	10	10	65	30	30
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	730,710	357,855	372,850	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	41,395	20,445	20,955	127,720	64,125	63,595
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	43,370	21,150	22,220	129,250	62,550	66,705
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	645,945	316,270	329,675	813,580	406,710	406,870
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	22,665	11,085	11,575	96,750	48,140	48,610
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	13,205	6,735	6,470	66,930	34,420	32,510
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	5,115	3,595	1,520	26,475	17,690	8,790
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	8,090	3,140	4,950	40,455	16,735	23,725
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	6,100	2,625	3,475	16,835	6,740	10,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	3,240	1,675	1,570	12,625	6,810	5,820
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	110	55	60	350	170	185
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	730,710	357,860	372,855	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	29,385	14,690	14,695	175,020	84,730	90,290
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	28,160	14,120	14,040	172,810	83,750	89,055
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	17,575	8,555	9,015	114,570	55,275	59,290
Métis	10,200	5,370	4,835	57,880	28,325	29,550
Inuk (Inuit)	385	190	190	360	145	215
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	470	210	260	1,305	605	705
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	750	360	390	905	375	530
Non-Aboriginal identity	701,325	343,170	358,155	895,535	448,655	446,885
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	730,705	357,855	372,850	1,070,555	533,385	537,170
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	14,305	7,085	7,225	110,370	52,930	57,440
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	716,405	350,775	365,625	960,190	480,455	479,735
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	730,710	357,860	372,850	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	12,785	6,335	6,450	98,315	47,665	50,650
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	12,495	6,175	6,320	94,565	45,900	48,665
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10,635	5,200	5,435	84,015	40,960	43,055
Métis single ancestry	1,695	900	800	10,465	4,905	5,560
Inuit single ancestry	165	75	85	85	40	50
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	290	165	130	3,750	1,765	1,985
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	235	125	110	3,640	1,705	1,935
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	15	15	70	30	40
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	20	0	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	15	15	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	33,795	16,295	17,500	79,035	38,120	40,915
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	32,505	15,690	16,815	72,560	35,130	37,430
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	24,255	11,640	12,615	36,680	17,715	18,960
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,765	3,810	3,955	35,545	17,265	18,285
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	480	240	245	335	150	180
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,295	600	690	6,480	2,990	3,485
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,165	540	630	6,355	2,930	3,420
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	30	30	80	40	45
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	20	25	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	684,125	335,230	348,895	893,205	447,595	445,610
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	730,710	357,855	372,850	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	24,535	12,470	12,070	115,875	58,810	57,065
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,535	1,385	1,150	29,960	16,065	13,895
Chinese	3,925	1,970	1,955	15,545	7,545	7,995
Black	7,000	3,540	3,460	14,925	7,845	7,085
Filipino	1,980	835	1,145	32,340	15,540	16,795
Latin American	1,285	650	635	4,195	2,095	2,095
Arab	2,960	1,650	1,310	4,300	2,385	1,915
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,230	600	630	5,745	2,940	2,800
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	730	415	320	2,065	1,100	965
Korean	1,685	885	800	1,875	795	1,085
Japanese	230	70	160	955	420	530
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	305	135	175	1,150	605	545
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	675	345	330	2,820	1,460	1,355
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	706,170	345,385	360,785	954,685	474,575	480,110
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	730,705	357,860	372,850	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
North American Aboriginal origins	46,585	22,625	23,955	177,355	85,790	91,565
First Nations (North American Indian)	36,405	17,570	18,840	130,880	63,405	67,475
Inuit	830	420	410	650	305	345
Métis	10,960	5,435	5,530	56,090	26,860	29,235
Other North American origins	428,865	209,615	219,250	230,620	115,250	115,370
Acadian	29,505	14,455	15,060	485	270	215
American	7,175	3,575	3,605	13,455	6,410	7,045
Canadian	407,370	199,020	208,350	220,960	110,550	110,410
New Brunswicker	240	135	105	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	445	190	250	130	65	60
Nova Scotian	65	40	25	25	10	20
Ontarian	0	0	10	20	20	10
Québécois	770	410	365	240	100	140
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	20	0	85	35	55
European origins	424,850	206,715	218,135	759,080	375,755	383,325
British Isles origins	314,655	151,970	162,690	427,735	210,345	217,390
Channel Islander	125	45	85	10	0	0
Cornish	45	25	20	35	15	20
English	168,205	80,795	87,415	253,205	123,490	129,715
Irish	147,245	69,515	77,730	155,725	74,480	81,245
Manx	45	40	10	250	120	130
Scottish	134,455	64,400	70,055	193,330	94,500	98,825
Welsh	10,110	4,825	5,290	17,790	8,510	9,280
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	10,640	4,885	5,755	16,095	7,900	8,190
French origins	163,270	79,105	84,165	125,810	60,920	64,890
Alsatian	15	10	0	10	10	10
Breton	55	30	30	25	10	15
Corsican	0	0	0	15	0	15
French	163,245	79,090	84,155	125,775	60,910	64,870
Western European origins (except French origins)	49,825	24,100	25,725	336,715	166,380	170,340
Austrian	1,000	530	475	17,565	8,670	8,895
Bavarian	0	0	0	50	45	0
Belgian	1,470	650	815	9,660	4,745	4,915
Dutch	15,230	7,290	7,945	36,230	17,500	18,730
Flemish	100	65	40	805	415	395
Frisian	40	25	15	70	35	35
German	34,205	16,575	17,630	296,385	146,600	149,780
Luxembourger	0	10	0	500	275	225
Swiss	1,145	545	595	4,710	2,370	2,340
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	20	15	35	25	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	10,400	5,080	5,320	115,995	56,380	59,615
Danish	3,960	1,885	2,075	11,530	5,605	5,935
Finnish	465	235	225	5,400	2,585	2,815
Icelandic	250	135	115	8,255	4,055	4,205
Norwegian	3,330	1,650	1,680	68,640	33,310	35,335
Swedish	2,010	1,010	1,005	32,815	15,630	17,185
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	820	410	410	3,530	1,735	1,790
Eastern European origins	11,590	5,600	5,995	243,055	119,620	123,435
Bulgarian	155	60	100	355	190	160
Byelorussian	85	45	40	290	150	140
Czech	435	215	225	4,960	2,545	2,415
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	175	80	100	2,765	1,270	1,495
Estonian	100	35	60	265	150	115
Hungarian	1,280	615	665	27,885	13,730	14,155
Latvian	185	105	80	535	265	265
Lithuanian	325	165	160	1,045	550	500
Moldovan	35	20	15	345	145	200
Polish	3,445	1,670	1,780	59,950	28,680	31,275
Romanian	945	485	460	12,730	6,215	6,515
Russian	2,260	1,015	1,245	39,395	19,620	19,775
Slovak	250	130	125	1,390	750	645
Ukrainian	3,535	1,750	1,785	143,700	70,670	73,025
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	70	25	45	255	115	135
Southern European origins	13,450	6,560	6,890	27,415	13,420	13,995
Albanian	120	65	55	605	310	290
Bosnian	120	65	55	515	260	260
Catalan	10	10	0	15	10	10
Croatian	310	120	190	2,570	1,295	1,275
Cypriot	30	20	10	45	35	10
Greek	950	485	465	2,880	1,475	1,400
Italian	7,460	3,615	3,845	11,310	5,585	5,725
Kosovar	0	0	0	30	25	10
Macedonian	80	35	45	110	45	65
Maltese	115	45	65	125	65	60
Montenegrin	20	20	0	85	40	40
Portuguese	1,785	840	945	1,885	850	1,035
Serbian	130	90	35	1,300	670	630
Sicilian	15	10	0	100	75	25
Slovenian	130	60	60	640	275	365
Spanish	2,555	1,220	1,330	5,670	2,615	3,050
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	120	55	65	1,065	535	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	20	10	10	35	0	30
Other European origins	1,805	960	840	3,885	2,075	1,805
Basque	90	50	40	50	40	10
Jewish	785	410	375	1,725	905	815
Roma (Gypsy)	30	20	15	165	85	80
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	30	10	15	200	95	105
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	875	480	395	1,755	965	790
Caribbean origins	2,275	1,045	1,230	3,810	2,005	1,805
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	35	15	15	15	10	0
Barbadian	100	60	40	110	45	60
Bermudan	130	40	90	20	20	0
Carib	10	0	0	10	0	10
Cuban	235	135	100	185	125	55
Dominican	80	35	40	115	75	45
Grenadian	20	0	15	60	25	30
Guadeloupean	35	20	15	0	0	0
Haitian	305	140	160	110	75	40
Jamaican	750	350	395	2,250	1,200	1,050
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	85	40	40	55	15	40
St. Lucian	15	10	10	45	15	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	70	75	415	215	200
Vincentian/Grenadinian	45	10	35	30	20	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	245	110	135	355	135	225
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	185	65	120	190	90	100
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,135	1,110	1,025	6,695	3,295	3,400
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	65	40	25	300	150	150
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	30	10	20	160	60	95
Belizean	0	0	10	55	35	15
Bolivian	55	35	20	45	30	15
Brazilian	60	15	45	305	150	155
Chilean	95	40	55	860	450	415
Colombian	265	105	160	705	335	370
Costa Rican	30	15	15	50	15	35
Ecuadorian	30	20	10	105	70	30
Guatemalan	125	40	85	270	135	140
Guyanese	115	50	70	185	110	75
Hispanic	75	35	35	125	75	50
Honduran	50	20	25	95	45	50
Maya	90	45	45	140	75	65
Mexican	700	395	300	2,125	1,060	1,065
Nicaraguan	20	20	0	140	50	90
Panamanian	15	15	0	15	0	10
Paraguayan	0	0	0	40	30	10
Peruvian	90	45	45	295	120	175
Salvadorean	135	95	40	765	350	415
Uruguayan	10	0	0	65	20	40
Venezuelan	60	35	30	55	30	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	110	65	50	320	165	160
African origins	6,705	3,535	3,170	16,170	8,480	7,690
Central and West African origins	1,835	1,045	790	4,440	2,355	2,090
Akan	20	10	10	115	80	40
Angolan	25	10	10	10	0	10
Ashanti	0	0	0	10	10	0
Beninese	0	10	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	75	50	30	20	15	10
Cameroonian	150	110	40	205	90	110
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	415	250	165	530	290	240
Edo	10	0	0	40	20	15
Ewe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Gabonese	15	10	0	0	0	0
Gambian	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ghanaian	90	55	35	555	320	235
Guinean	175	125	50	25	20	10
Ibo	80	55	25	485	275	215
Ivorian	60	30	30	75	35	45
Liberian	80	45	35	85	25	60
Malian	125	55	65	30	15	15
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	230	115	115	1,715	875	835
Peulh	40	25	20	0	0	0
Senegalese	105	45	60	20	15	10
Sierra Leonean	20	0	20	40	25	10
Togolese	40	20	25	55	35	20
Wolof	0	0	0	0	10	0
Yoruba	50	25	25	520	270	255
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	225	135	90	235	115	125
North African origins	1,200	705	495	2,190	1,210	980
Algerian	190	90	90	70	50	15
Berber	180	105	70	55	45	15
Coptic	0	0	0	40	15	20
Dinka	0	0	0	35	20	15
Egyptian	210	130	80	535	290	245
Libyan	185	85	100	205	115	85
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	365	255	115	220	110	115
Sudanese	15	10	10	935	515	420
Tunisian	140	80	60	105	60	50
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	15	10	10	40	30	10
Southern and East African origins	1,050	565	485	6,320	3,210	3,110
Afrikaner	0	0	0	60	35	30
Amhara	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	30	25	0	45	30	10
Burundian	105	55	50	300	155	145
Djiboutian	0	0	0	10	10	10
Eritrean	115	80	40	1,130	540	590
Ethiopian	180	105	70	675	335	345
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	0	190	95	95
Malagasy	60	20	35	10	0	10
Mauritian	0	10	0	205	90	110
Oromo	30	10	20	140	65	75
Rwandan	105	50	55	80	20	60
Seychellois	10	0	10	10	10	0
Somali	30	25	0	1,275	635	635
South African	225	95	130	1,295	680	615
Tanzanian	0	0	0	55	35	20
Tigrian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Ugandan	25	15	15	90	40	50
Zambian	25	10	15	190	90	100
Zimbabwean	60	30	30	260	170	90
Zulu	0	0	0	35	30	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	80	40	40	535	300	240
Other African origins	2,850	1,360	1,485	3,605	1,940	1,665
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	385	140	245	345	190	160
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,475	1,225	1,245	3,290	1,770	1,525
Asian origins	19,410	9,775	9,635	99,125	49,845	49,280
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	6,835	3,590	3,240	9,415	5,015	4,400
Afghan	25	10	20	780	390	385
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	590	300	295	1,175	645	530
Armenian	115	60	50	240	130	115
Assyrian	15	10	0	215	120	95
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	50	25	25
Georgian	10	10	10	35	20	10
Hazara	0	0	0	25	10	20
Iranian	665	365	305	1,345	740	600
Iraqi	105	50	55	1,290	690	605
Israeli	175	85	90	120	75	50
Jordanian	180	105	75	75	40	30
Kazakh	0	10	0	30	15	15
Kurd	80	45	30	200	110	90
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	30	10	20
Lebanese	2,825	1,435	1,395	1,360	660	700
Palestinian	75	40	30	120	60	55
Pashtun	20	10	10	175	100	75
Saudi Arabian	85	65	20	110	80	30
Syrian	1,685	865	825	1,365	740	625
Tajik	0	0	0	10	10	0
Tatar	25	10	15	60	25	35
Turk	235	150	85	860	450	405
Turkmen	10	15	0	20	10	10
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	25	10	70	15	50
Yemeni	35	20	15	45	20	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	50	35	15	265	130	130
South Asian origins	2,975	1,590	1,385	29,830	15,955	13,870
Bangladeshi	150	95	55	2,040	1,090	945
Bengali	50	40	10	600	350	250
Bhutanese	35	20	15	210	110	100
East Indian	2,150	1,105	1,045	18,695	10,090	8,600
Goan	0	0	0	45	25	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	195	105	95
Kashmiri	10	0	0	115	75	40
Nepali	160	75	90	565	320	245
Pakistani	255	160	100	6,255	3,220	3,035
Punjabi	45	35	15	1,425	790	635
Sinhalese	15	0	10	65	30	30
Sri Lankan	100	45	55	515	290	225
Tamil	25	15	10	120	65	55
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	85	50	35	1,075	545	530
East and Southeast Asian origins	9,640	4,610	5,030	60,010	28,955	31,060
Burmese	25	15	10	465	210	260
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	30	30	305	165	145
Chinese	4,480	2,230	2,250	19,075	9,300	9,780
Filipino	2,130	870	1,265	33,630	16,200	17,425
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	100	30	65	220	115	105
Japanese	305	115	185	1,220	530	690
Karen	65	30	35	585	290	290
Korean	1,675	875	795	2,025	870	1,155
Laotian	0	10	0	705	335	380
Malaysian	30	15	15	160	75	80
Mongolian	45	30	15	205	105	100
Singaporean	10	10	0	10	0	10
Taiwanese	60	30	30	265	115	155
Thai	100	30	70	420	170	250
Tibetan	0	0	0	50	35	25
Vietnamese	885	450	435	3,690	1,885	1,800
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	10	0	10	95	40	55
Other Asian origins	110	70	45	735	340	390
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	115	65	45	735	345	385
Oceania origins	470	210	260	1,430	760	665
Australian	290	120	165	890	505	385
New Zealander	135	70	70	265	140	125
Pacific Islands origins	55	30	20	310	140	170
Fijian	0	0	0	110	60	50
Hawaiian	30	10	15	25	10	10
Maori	10	10	0	45	0	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	10	25	15	10
Samoan	0	0	0	55	25	30
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	0	60	25	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	319,770	...	...	432,620	...	...
Owner	238,040	...	...	311,470	...	...
Renter	79,865	...	...	109,685	...	...
Band housing	1,865	...	...	11,470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	319,770	...	...	432,620	...	...
Condominium	10,580	...	...	41,960	...	...
Not condominium	309,195	...	...	390,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	319,775	...	...	432,625	...	...
No bedrooms	680	...	...	1,290	...	...
1 bedroom	28,370	...	...	40,600	...	...
2 bedrooms	88,115	...	...	97,340	...	...
3 bedrooms	125,865	...	...	148,060	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	76,745	...	...	145,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	319,770	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	66,540	...	...	92,375	...	...
5 rooms	56,365	...	...	67,645	...	...
6 rooms	54,070	...	...	64,215	...	...
7 rooms	45,825	...	...	57,945	...	...
8 or more rooms	96,970	...	...	150,440	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	319,770	...	...	432,625	...	...
One person or fewer per room	318,195	...	...	422,915	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,575	...	...	9,705	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	319,770	...	...	432,620	...	...
Suitable	312,370	...	...	412,220	...	...
Not suitable	7,405	...	...	20,410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	319,770	...	...	432,620	...	...
1960 or before	76,690	...	...	101,805	...	...
1961 to 1980	98,720	...	...	150,440	...	...
1981 to 1990	45,630	...	...	62,270	...	...
1991 to 2000	39,825	...	...	33,495	...	...
2001 to 2005	19,090	...	...	17,905	...	...
2006 to 2010	22,530	...	...	28,610	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	17,290	...	...	38,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	319,770	...	...	432,625	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	293,155	...	...	395,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	26,625	...	...	37,520	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	319,770	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 household maintainer	195,585	...	...	261,245	...	...
2 household maintainers	120,195	...	...	162,550	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	3,995	...	...	8,825	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	319,775	...	...	432,625	...	...
15 to 24 years	10,375	...	...	18,235	...	...
25 to 34 years	38,585	...	...	72,225	...	...
35 to 44 years	50,050	...	...	73,675	...	...
45 to 54 years	61,860	...	...	77,920	...	...
55 to 64 years	68,145	...	...	84,110	...	...
65 to 74 years	53,435	...	...	56,280	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,655	...	...	34,845	...	...
85 years and over	9,675	...	...	15,340	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	314,325	...	...	396,790	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	261,385	...	...	316,505	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	52,935	...	...	80,295	...	...
30% to less than 100%	47,190	...	...	70,690	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	235,950	...	...	289,805	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.9	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.3	...	...	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	741	...	...	1,001	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	876	...	...	1,178	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	150,010	...	...	299,606	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	170,071	...	...	318,917	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	79,370	...	...	107,535	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.4	...	...	21.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.5	...	...	42.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	704	...	...	965	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	741	...	...	1,021	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	620,395	301,650	318,745	857,295	424,265	433,035
No certificate, diploma or degree	136,745	71,600	65,140	177,210	96,680	80,530
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	176,750	85,345	91,405	261,210	133,730	127,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	306,895	144,700	162,200	418,880	193,855	225,025
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	56,595	39,965	16,630	89,440	64,100	25,340
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,630	17,320	12,315	38,045	21,495	16,550
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	26,965	22,645	4,320	51,395	42,605	8,790
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	135,065	56,055	79,005	146,770	51,240	95,530
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,610	3,995	7,620	28,195	10,790	17,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	103,630	44,685	58,945	154,480	67,730	86,745
Bachelor's degree	73,330	30,165	43,165	112,760	47,490	65,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,735	2,795	3,935	7,635	3,400	4,235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,755	1,600	1,160	4,830	2,580	2,245
Master's degree	17,745	8,170	9,585	24,375	11,095	13,275
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,065	1,955	1,110	4,880	3,155	1,725
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	400,785	194,715	206,070	566,245	282,510	283,735
No certificate, diploma or degree	55,645	32,390	23,260	69,200	42,050	27,150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	114,330	56,430	57,895	168,035	88,530	79,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	230,810	105,890	124,915	329,005	151,930	177,075
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,710	26,335	11,375	66,955	48,885	18,075
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	19,900	11,430	8,475	27,765	16,095	11,670
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	17,805	14,905	2,900	39,190	32,785	6,400
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	104,595	43,695	60,900	115,085	41,085	74,000
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,685	2,660	5,020	19,380	7,775	11,605
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	80,825	33,195	47,625	127,585	54,190	73,395
Bachelor's degree	57,560	23,115	34,450	92,905	38,180	54,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,160	1,920	3,240	5,890	2,525	3,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,190	1,110	1,080	4,065	1,995	2,070
Master's degree	13,730	5,770	7,960	20,975	9,170	11,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,190	1,285	905	3,750	2,320	1,435
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	620,395	301,645	318,745	857,295	424,265	433,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	313,495	156,945	156,545	438,420	230,405	208,005
Education	25,570	6,725	18,845	40,995	10,635	30,355
13. Education	25,565	6,720	18,845	40,990	10,635	30,350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,140	2,800	3,335	8,870	4,150	4,720
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,155	905	250	2,015	1,455	560
50. Visual and performing arts	4,990	1,900	3,085	6,850	2,690	4,160
Humanities	12,430	5,245	7,190	15,400	6,905	8,495
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,040	255	785	1,030	260	770
23. English language and literature/letters	2,395	715	1,675	3,180	990	2,190
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,055	1,065	1,990	3,105	1,185	1,920
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	55	20	35	35	0	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	725	455	270	1,180	695	480
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,150	1,325	825	4,700	2,645	2,050
54. History	2,190	1,185	1,005	1,760	1,000	760
55. French language and literature/letters	830	220	605	425	120	300
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,780	6,945	16,835	30,500	10,015	20,485
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190	35	155	750	185	565
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,725	710	1,015	2,060	905	1,160
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,015	305	5,710	6,805	425	6,380
22. Legal professions and studies	3,935	1,325	2,615	5,410	1,930	3,480
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	420	95	325	465	155	310
42. Psychology	5,075	1,355	3,725	5,555	1,480	4,075
45. Social sciences	6,420	3,120	3,300	9,455	4,940	4,510
Business, management and public administration	67,605	19,470	48,135	85,800	25,105	60,695
30.16 Accounting and computer science	230	35	190	240	50	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,670	1,010	4,660	8,250	1,710	6,545
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	61,705	18,425	43,285	77,310	23,350	53,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,625	3,930	3,700	11,455	5,905	5,550
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,320	1,525	1,800	5,675	2,515	3,160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,845	825	1,025	1,395	725	670
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	130	30	100	105	25	80
40. Physical sciences	1,720	1,265	455	3,240	2,265	970
41. Science technologies/technicians	610	285	325	1,045	375	670
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,275	7,185	4,095	11,695	7,040	4,655
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,975	6,640	3,335	9,390	6,135	3,250
25. Library science	620	95	525	990	85	905
27. Mathematics and statistics	620	395	225	1,145	700	445
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	55	45	10	170	110	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	70,800	67,070	3,735	93,145	86,660	6,485
04. Architecture and related services	500	365	140	1,520	960	560
14. Engineering	8,020	7,015	1,010	14,090	11,790	2,300
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,010	11,575	1,430	13,790	12,290	1,505
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	18,910	18,555	350	24,650	23,840	810
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,075	19,570	505	26,325	25,535	790
48. Precision production	10,290	9,985	300	12,765	12,240	525
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,370	4,715	1,650	16,655	12,040	4,615
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,970	1,840	1,130	13,585	9,885	3,705
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,395	2,875	520	3,075	2,160	910
Health and related fields	49,795	7,490	42,305	74,750	12,215	62,530
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,770	1,325	1,445	4,340	2,030	2,315
51. Health professions and related programs	46,160	5,600	40,550	69,090	9,460	59,630
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	870	565	305	1,315	725	590
Personal, protective and transportation services	25,460	13,110	12,355	29,585	13,165	16,420
12. Personal and culinary services	13,835	2,735	11,095	18,450	3,845	14,605
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	95	10	10	10	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	390	355	40	175	160	20
43. Security and protective services	4,665	3,795	875	5,070	3,705	1,360
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,465	6,135	325	5,880	5,450	430
Other	50	25	25	40	20	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	25	20	40	20	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	400,780	194,710	206,070	566,245	282,510	283,730
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	169,970	88,820	81,150	237,235	130,580	106,660
Education	16,350	3,830	12,520	28,195	6,885	21,310
13. Education	16,350	3,835	12,515	28,195	6,885	21,310
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,690	2,140	2,550	7,175	3,350	3,825
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	830	630	200	1,550	1,100	450
50. Visual and performing arts	3,860	1,510	2,350	5,630	2,250	3,380
Humanities	8,810	3,450	5,360	11,760	5,110	6,650
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	820	195	625	825	205	620
23. English language and literature/letters	1,725	490	1,235	2,470	745	1,735
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,125	650	1,475	2,515	910	1,605
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	10	30	30	10	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	500	295	215	920	540	380
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,460	860	595	3,345	1,905	1,435
54. History	1,630	855	775	1,365	725	640
55. French language and literature/letters	520	100	420	285	75	205
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,970	5,210	13,760	25,830	8,205	17,625
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135	20	115	670	165	505
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,500	630	870	1,870	800	1,065
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,685	235	4,450	5,680	350	5,330
22. Legal professions and studies	3,280	940	2,340	4,735	1,550	3,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	335	70	260	370	120	250
42. Psychology	4,015	980	3,035	4,335	1,055	3,280
45. Social sciences	5,015	2,330	2,680	8,175	4,160	4,010
Business, management and public administration	52,915	15,055	37,860	69,300	20,470	48,835
30.16 Accounting and computer science	215	40	175	195	35	165
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,505	735	3,770	6,795	1,230	5,570
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	48,190	14,280	33,915	62,310	19,205	43,105
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,620	2,710	2,905	8,985	4,575	4,405
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,580	1,135	1,445	4,490	1,995	2,495
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,275	540	730	1,085	530	550
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	110	20	95	95	25	70
40. Physical sciences	1,185	820	370	2,545	1,700	845
41. Science technologies/technicians	465	195	270	770	320	450
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,710	6,285	3,425	10,235	6,210	4,030
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,815	5,910	2,905	8,590	5,615	2,970
25. Library science	415	70	345	730	60	670
27. Mathematics and statistics	430	265	170	760	430	335
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	55	50	0	160	105	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	51,150	47,940	3,210	72,720	67,225	5,500
04. Architecture and related services	395	270	120	1,215	745	470
14. Engineering	6,230	5,295	935	11,685	9,635	2,045
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	10,405	9,135	1,270	11,195	9,865	1,330
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	13,110	12,825	290	18,905	18,275	630
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,025	13,635	395	19,855	19,240	620
48. Precision production	6,980	6,770	210	9,865	9,460	410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,010	3,575	1,430	13,365	9,360	4,005
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,355	1,395	960	10,720	7,545	3,175
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,655	2,185	470	2,645	1,815	835
Health and related fields	38,135	5,850	32,285	57,985	9,720	48,265
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,145	1,060	1,085	3,520	1,635	1,890
51. Health professions and related programs	35,295	4,385	30,905	53,345	7,510	45,835
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	695	405	285	1,120	580	545
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,415	9,810	9,600	23,415	10,820	12,600
12. Personal and culinary services	10,520	1,945	8,575	14,320	3,175	11,155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	95	85	10	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	190	35	100	95	0
43. Security and protective services	3,460	2,760	705	4,055	2,955	1,105
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,115	4,835	285	4,935	4,590	340
Other	45	25	20	35	15	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	25	15	35	10	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	620,390	301,650	318,745	857,300	424,265	433,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	313,495	156,945	156,545	438,415	230,410	208,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	306,900	144,700	162,200	418,880	193,855	225,025
Location of study inside Canada	290,645	136,490	154,155	366,620	167,715	198,905
Same as province or territory of residence	229,835	106,610	123,230	293,455	130,990	162,465
Different than province or territory of residence	60,810	29,880	30,925	73,165	36,725	36,445
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	16,255	8,205	8,050	52,260	26,140	26,120
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,360	2,675	2,685	7,230	3,670	3,560
Philippines	920	285	635	13,980	6,230	7,750
India	460	230	230	6,215	3,280	2,930
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,995	1,175	815	3,250	1,830	1,420
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,105	550	555	2,730	1,295	1,435
France	660	370	290	220	125	95
Other	5,755	2,920	2,835	18,630	9,705	8,925
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	400,785	194,715	206,070	566,245	282,510	283,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	169,970	88,815	81,155	237,235	130,580	106,660
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	230,815	105,895	124,920	329,010	151,930	177,075
Location of study inside Canada	218,710	100,175	118,535	283,450	129,445	154,005
Same as province or territory of residence	172,760	78,520	94,240	225,420	100,405	125,010
Different than province or territory of residence	45,950	21,660	24,295	58,035	29,035	28,995
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	12,105	5,715	6,380	45,560	22,490	23,070
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,460	1,555	1,905	5,210	2,495	2,715
Philippines	875	260	615	13,335	5,950	7,385
India	345	160	180	5,560	2,935	2,625
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,070	575	490	2,180	1,275	905
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,025	475	550	2,520	1,180	1,345
France	525	300	225	200	115	85
Other	4,800	2,390	2,415	16,555	8,540	8,015
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	620,390	301,650	318,745	857,295	424,260	433,035
In the labour force	381,790	197,005	184,790	585,540	311,110	274,430
Employed	339,045	170,050	168,995	544,095	286,330	257,760
Unemployed	42,745	26,950	15,795	41,445	24,775	16,665
Not in the labour force	238,600	104,645	133,955	271,760	113,155	158,605
Participation rate	61.5	65.3	58.0	68.3	73.3	63.4
Employment rate	54.7	56.4	53.0	63.5	67.5	59.5
Unemployment rate	11.2	13.7	8.5	7.1	8.0	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	620,390	301,645	318,745	857,295	424,260	433,030
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	217,930	94,105	123,825	242,835	100,140	142,695
Worked	402,465	207,540	194,920	614,460	324,130	290,335
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	201,230	106,785	94,450	313,945	180,260	133,690
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	201,225	100,760	100,475	300,515	143,870	156,650
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	40.6	41.5	42.6	43.1	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	381,795	197,000	184,790	585,535	311,110	274,425
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	10,230	5,205	5,020
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,210	181,260	575,310	305,900	269,405
Employee	342,685	173,560	169,125	490,180	250,460	239,710
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	31,785	19,655	12,130	85,130	55,440	29,695
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	381,790	197,005	184,790	585,535	311,105	274,430
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	10,225	5,205	5,020
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,215	181,255	575,310	305,905	269,410
0 Management occupations	34,015	20,605	13,415	81,060	54,030	27,035
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	52,695	14,200	38,495	80,640	20,280	60,355
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20,705	16,300	4,405	28,325	21,685	6,640
3 Health occupations	30,730	4,870	25,865	41,675	6,510	35,170
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45,640	15,355	30,285	64,685	19,715	44,970
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,610	2,925	3,685	10,760	4,025	6,735
6 Sales and service occupations	91,035	36,535	54,505	124,090	50,165	73,920
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	59,925	57,015	2,910	99,755	93,540	6,215
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	14,485	12,280	2,205	28,155	22,590	5,565
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,620	13,130	5,495	16,165	13,370	2,800
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	381,795	197,000	184,790	585,540	311,105	274,430
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	10,225	5,200	5,020
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,210	181,260	575,310	305,905	269,410
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	15,135	12,025	3,115	51,255	36,820	14,440
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,345	3,765	580	23,070	20,040	3,025
22 Utilities	3,350	2,615	735	5,395	3,780	1,610
23 Construction	27,795	25,195	2,595	49,310	43,460	5,850
31-33 Manufacturing	32,405	23,215	9,195	26,710	21,000	5,710
41 Wholesale trade	11,170	8,180	2,990	20,480	15,325	5,155
44-45 Retail trade	46,180	21,220	24,950	63,360	30,185	33,180
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	17,680	13,295	4,390	24,755	19,385	5,370
51 Information and cultural industries	6,615	3,700	2,915	10,005	5,055	4,950
52 Finance and insurance	12,415	4,090	8,325	20,155	6,495	13,655
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,830	2,245	1,585	7,650	4,425	3,220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	17,240	9,485	7,750	25,250	12,985	12,265
55 Management of companies and enterprises	345	145	195	1,340	680	660
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	18,530	10,060	8,475	16,395	9,660	6,735
61 Educational services	26,090	8,180	17,905	45,360	13,670	31,690
62 Health care and social assistance	51,380	7,955	43,430	72,625	11,285	61,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,950	3,065	2,885	10,545	5,120	5,425
72 Accommodation and food services	24,825	8,460	16,365	37,785	14,295	23,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	17,105	8,365	8,745	25,680	12,590	13,090
91 Public administration	32,090	17,960	14,135	38,180	19,640	18,535
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	339,045	170,050	168,995	544,095	286,330	257,760
Worked at home	19,445	9,485	9,955	59,385	34,110	25,275
Worked outside Canada	1,315	885	430	840	550	295
No fixed workplace address	37,925	28,630	9,300	68,510	54,860	13,650
Worked at usual place	280,360	131,055	149,310	415,355	196,815	218,545
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	280,360	131,055	149,310	415,355	196,815	218,540
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	127,230	57,560	69,670	288,875	131,440	157,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	97,230	44,565	52,665	89,420	45,175	44,250
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	50,560	25,155	25,410	28,040	15,365	12,675
Commute to a different province or territory	5,345	3,775	1,565	9,015	4,830	4,185
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	318,285	159,680	158,605	483,865	251,675	232,190
Car, truck, van - as a driver	266,035	135,575	130,460	402,405	216,695	185,705
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	24,455	9,855	14,600	27,960	10,265	17,695
Public transit	7,290	3,600	3,690	13,825	5,380	8,445
Walked	14,650	6,900	7,755	27,120	11,505	15,615
Bicycle	1,210	800	405	5,475	3,415	2,065
Other method	4,645	2,950	1,695	7,075	4,410	2,665
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	318,290	159,680	158,605	483,865	251,675	232,190
Less than 15 minutes	135,690	63,885	71,810	212,525	101,290	111,235
15 to 29 minutes	118,075	58,505	59,570	179,160	95,105	84,055
30 to 44 minutes	39,230	21,385	17,845	53,345	30,035	23,310
45 to 59 minutes	12,945	7,275	5,670	17,630	10,285	7,345
60 minutes and over	12,345	8,635	3,710	21,205	14,960	6,245
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	318,285	159,680	158,605	483,865	251,675	232,190
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	17,850	12,755	5,100	29,630	21,835	7,800
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	51,825	30,905	20,925	88,420	56,715	31,705
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	112,460	55,470	56,990	158,875	83,520	75,355
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	64,235	25,835	38,400	101,065	40,385	60,680
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25,595	9,415	16,180	41,740	16,680	25,065
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	46,320	25,300	21,020	64,140	32,540	31,600
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	413,695	212,875	200,820	633,325	332,450	300,875
Single responses	395,120	204,270	190,850	630,465	331,130	299,335
Official languages	394,015	203,660	190,355	626,545	329,115	297,435
English	304,775	160,255	144,515	624,555	328,520	296,030
French	89,240	43,400	45,840	1,995	590	1,405
Non-official languages	1,105	615	490	3,920	2,020	1,895
Aboriginal languages	255	140	115	1,540	775	770
Algonquian languages	250	135	110	915	485	435
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	905	470	430
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	95	55	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	40	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	770	395	375
Eastern Algonquian languages	255	135	110	0	0	0
Malecite	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	240	135	110	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	620	290	340
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	625	285	340
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	625	285	335
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	855	475	380	2,375	1,245	1,130
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	105	50	115	100	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	105	55	110	95	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	140	100	45	75	65	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	20	20	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	10	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	245	135	115
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	20	20	245	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	205	105	95
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	10	185	100	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	170	95	80	560	250	305
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	100	35	60
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	95	35	60
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	25	10	15	25	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	65	20	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	165	95	65
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	40	25	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	10	15	80	50	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	15	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	40	30	10	180	75	100
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	160	70	90
Bengali	0	0	0	25	15	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	10
Hindi	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40	20	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	50	25	30
Iranian languages	35	25	10	20	10	15
Kurdish	15	15	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	10	25	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	35	25	110	45	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Spanish	65	35	30	105	40	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	60	35	25	110	40	70
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	10	60	35	30
American Sign Language	10	10	10	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	20	0	50	30	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	185	175	1,030	560	465
Chinese languages	360	185	175	990	540	450
Cantonese	35	15	25	250	140	105
Hakka	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mandarin	295	150	150	605	310	300
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	25	10	135	90	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	40	25	20
Burmese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	10	0	15	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	18,575	8,605	9,970	2,860	1,315	1,540
English and French	18,045	8,350	9,695	650	235	410
English and non-official language	475	240	235	2,190	1,065	1,125
French and non-official language	10	0	10	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	45	15	35	20	15	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	413,690	212,875	200,820	633,320	332,445	300,875
None	322,045	167,900	154,150	613,955	323,280	290,670
English	44,925	21,560	23,360	3,515	1,450	2,070
French	44,415	22,175	22,240	3,800	1,675	2,125
Non-official language	2,090	1,115	975	11,880	5,960	5,925
Aboriginal	615	285	330	4,590	2,095	2,490
Non-Aboriginal	1,475	830	645	7,290	3,860	3,435
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	55	20	35	10	0	10
French and non-official language	160	95	65	170	90	85
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	724,030	354,435	369,600	1,055,820	525,975	529,850
Non-movers	641,310	314,280	327,020	905,630	451,665	453,965
Movers	82,720	40,150	42,570	150,195	74,310	75,880
Non-migrants	45,630	21,830	23,800	89,005	43,990	45,015
Migrants	37,090	18,320	18,765	61,185	30,320	30,865
Internal migrants	32,585	15,995	16,585	49,930	24,855	25,075
Intraprovincial migrants	21,995	10,555	11,445	35,965	17,690	18,275
Interprovincial migrants	10,585	5,445	5,140	13,970	7,165	6,805
External migrants	4,505	2,320	2,185	11,255	5,465	5,790
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	696,160	340,310	355,845	998,200	496,505	501,695
Non-movers	480,830	237,150	243,685	602,890	300,715	302,175
Movers	215,325	103,155	112,165	395,310	195,790	199,520
Non-migrants	113,835	53,935	59,900	201,450	99,955	101,495
Migrants	101,490	49,215	52,275	193,860	95,835	98,025
Internal migrants	89,980	43,165	46,815	147,360	72,815	74,540
Intraprovincial migrants	60,645	28,475	32,165	98,780	47,825	50,950
Interprovincial migrants	29,335	14,685	14,650	48,585	24,995	23,590
External migrants	11,510	6,050	5,455	46,500	23,015	23,485

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. New Brunswick [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 15, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census New Brunswick [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]