Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and British Columbia [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	New Brunswick [Province]			British Columbia [Province]
	Data quality , New Brunswick [Province] Map : New Brunswick [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : British Columbia [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	747,101	...	...	4,648,055	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	751,171	...	...	4,400,057	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	-0.5	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	359,721	...	...	2,063,417	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	319,773	...	...	1,881,969	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	10.5	...	...	5.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	71,388.81	...	...	922,503.01	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	747,105	365,355	381,745	4,648,055	2,278,245	2,369,815
0 to 14 years	110,495	56,320	54,180	691,390	355,400	335,985
0 to 4 years	34,365	17,505	16,860	220,625	113,355	107,275
5 to 9 years	38,250	19,515	18,735	236,900	122,070	114,830
10 to 14 years	37,880	19,295	18,585	233,860	119,975	113,885
15 to 64 years	487,820	240,535	247,285	3,107,680	1,527,280	1,580,400
15 to 19 years	40,605	20,905	19,705	258,980	133,000	125,985
20 to 24 years	41,445	21,280	20,165	287,560	147,615	139,945
25 to 29 years	39,245	19,745	19,505	303,000	151,585	151,415
30 to 34 years	41,510	20,140	21,365	313,750	155,035	158,715
35 to 39 years	44,435	21,585	22,850	293,590	143,070	150,520
40 to 44 years	48,430	23,520	24,910	295,045	141,930	153,115
45 to 49 years	51,300	25,195	26,105	322,365	155,325	167,040
50 to 54 years	61,055	29,795	31,265	354,375	172,065	182,310
55 to 59 years	61,740	30,210	31,530	354,925	171,210	183,715
60 to 64 years	58,060	28,170	29,895	324,095	156,450	167,645
65 years and over	148,785	68,500	80,280	848,985	395,560	453,425
65 to 69 years	52,160	25,595	26,570	287,520	139,490	148,035
70 to 74 years	36,050	17,695	18,360	201,785	97,675	104,110
75 to 79 years	25,300	11,835	13,465	145,225	68,715	76,510
80 to 84 years	17,650	7,515	10,135	105,255	48,645	56,610
85 years and over	17,620	5,860	11,765	109,190	41,035	68,155
85 to 89 years	10,670	3,910	6,760	67,510	27,930	39,575
90 to 94 years	5,305	1,595	3,715	31,815	10,615	21,205
95 to 99 years	1,435	330	1,110	8,545	2,215	6,330
100 years and over	205	30	185	1,325	275	1,050
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.4	14.2	14.9	15.6	14.2
15 to 64 years	65.3	65.8	64.8	66.9	67.0	66.7
65 years and over	19.9	18.7	21.0	18.3	17.4	19.1
85 years and over	2.4	1.6	3.1	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	43.6	42.7	44.5	42.3	41.5	43.1
Median age of the population	45.7	44.8	46.6	43.0	41.9	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	319,770	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Single-detached house	221,515	...	...	830,660	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,945	...	...	177,830	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	80,515	...	...	824,190	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,470	...	...	57,395	...	...
Row house	9,015	...	...	147,830	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	13,545	...	...	230,075	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	44,260	...	...	385,140	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,230	...	...	3,755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	13,795	...	...	49,290	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	319,775	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 person	89,480	...	...	541,910	...	...
2 persons	126,820	...	...	663,770	...	...
3 persons	49,465	...	...	277,690	...	...
4 persons	37,625	...	...	243,125	...	...
5 or more persons	16,385	...	...	155,470	...	...
Number of persons in private households	730,705	...	...	4,560,240	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	636,605	309,040	327,570	3,956,665	1,922,840	2,033,825
Married or living common law	379,605	189,790	189,820	2,297,325	1,146,175	1,151,150
Married	302,020	151,100	150,925	1,925,345	959,690	965,645
Living common law	77,580	38,685	38,895	371,985	186,485	185,505
Not married and not living common law	257,000	119,250	137,745	1,659,335	776,660	882,675
Never married	158,070	85,640	72,430	1,076,085	582,975	493,110
Separated	21,290	9,530	11,760	105,700	45,225	60,475
Divorced	35,680	15,275	20,405	263,870	103,475	160,395
Widowed	41,965	8,805	33,160	213,685	44,990	168,700
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	222,865	...	...	1,311,340	...	...
2 persons	129,065	...	...	703,685	...	...
3 persons	47,015	...	...	275,965	...	...
4 persons	34,860	...	...	243,960	...	...
5 or more persons	11,920	...	...	87,730	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	222,865	...	...	1,311,345	...	...
Total couple families	186,680	...	...	1,113,405	...	...
Married couples	147,900	...	...	927,440	...	...
Common-law couples	38,780	...	...	185,960	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	36,185	...	...	197,940	...	...
Female parent	28,650	...	...	155,670	...	...
Male parent	7,530	...	...	42,265	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	186,675	...	...	1,113,400	...	...
Couples without children	105,625	...	...	577,790	...	...
Couples with children	81,060	...	...	535,610	...	...
1 child	37,440	...	...	221,065	...	...
2 children	32,380	...	...	230,705	...	...
3 or more children	11,235	...	...	83,840	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	36,185	...	...	197,940	...	...
1 child	23,440	...	...	125,890	...	...
2 children	9,570	...	...	54,900	...	...
3 or more children	3,170	...	...	17,145	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	128,775	61,010	67,770	882,895	418,495	464,405
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	319,770	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One-census-family households	214,235	...	...	1,195,735	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	102,170	...	...	527,700	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	112,070	...	...	668,035	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	4,280	...	...	55,620	...	...
Non-census-family households	101,255	...	...	630,620	...	...
One-person households	89,480	...	...	541,915	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	11,775	...	...	88,705	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	736,280	360,440	375,840	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
English only	420,820	210,555	210,260	4,127,770	2,050,130	2,077,645
French only	63,140	29,955	33,190	1,810	820	985
English and French	249,950	118,705	131,245	314,925	140,650	174,275
Neither English nor French	2,370	1,220	1,150	153,910	63,795	90,115
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	736,280	360,440	375,845	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,020
English	498,365	244,230	254,135	4,373,330	2,156,680	2,216,655
French	232,450	113,500	118,945	55,325	27,680	27,640
English and French	3,210	1,550	1,655	18,000	8,315	9,685
Neither English nor French	2,255	1,150	1,100	151,760	62,720	89,040
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	234,055	114,280	119,775	64,325	31,840	32,480
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	31.8	31.7	31.9	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	736,280	360,440	375,845	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
Single responses	726,990	356,005	370,990	4,494,995	2,205,775	2,289,220
Official languages	703,840	344,285	359,555	3,227,535	1,614,375	1,613,160
English	472,725	231,595	241,135	3,170,110	1,585,760	1,584,355
French	231,110	112,690	118,415	57,425	28,615	28,810
Non-official languages	23,150	11,715	11,435	1,267,460	591,400	676,060
Aboriginal languages	2,165	1,035	1,135	8,435	3,940	4,490
Algonquian languages	2,130	1,020	1,110	1,050	445	605
Blackfoot	0	0	0	40	5	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	5	5	840	375	465
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	150	60	85
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	25	15	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	585	270	320
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,115	1,010	1,105	10	5	10
Malecite	280	125	155	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	1,835	885	950	10	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	155	55	105
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway	5	5	0	135	50	90
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	2,310	1,045	1,260
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	2,295	1,045	1,250
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	110	55	55
Beaver	0	0	0	160	75	85
Carrier	0	0	0	1,005	460	550
Chilcotin	0	0	0	650	295	355
Dene	0	0	0	90	35	50
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Sekani	0	0	0	85	40	45
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	75	30	45
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	20	5	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	30
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	105	45	50
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	90	40	50
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	15	5	10
Haida	0	0	0	70	30	40
Inuit languages	20	5	15	80	30	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	15	5	10	50	20	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	20	10	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	100	55	50
Michif	0	0	0	35	20	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	2,270	1,115	1,155
Comox	0	0	0	80	45	40
Halkomelem	0	0	0	475	230	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	315	155	160
Okanagan	0	0	0	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	435	220	215
Squamish	0	0	0	35	20	20
Straits	0	0	0	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	330	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	130	120
Siouan languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Dakota	0	0	0	30	15	20
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	30	15	15
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,460	715	740
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	875	435	445
Nisga'a	0	0	0	385	195	190
Tsimshian	0	0	0	195	90	110
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	795	365	435
Haisla	0	0	0	90	40	55
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	100	45	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	320	140	180
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	275	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	10	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	5	190	80	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,990	10,685	10,300	1,259,025	587,455	671,570
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,190	1,805	1,385	24,870	13,405	11,465
Berber languages	40	25	15	115	75	45
Kabyle	20	10	5	40	30	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	80	45	30
Cushitic languages	30	15	20	1,505	765	740
Bilen	0	0	0	5	0	0
Oromo	5	5	5	205	115	95
Somali	25	10	15	1,270	640	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Semitic languages	3,110	1,760	1,355	23,195	12,540	10,655
Amharic	65	35	25	1,370	670	700
Arabic	2,855	1,615	1,235	17,480	9,595	7,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	650	315	330
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	440	245	200
Harari	0	0	0	20	5	15
Hebrew	170	90	80	2,065	1,125	940
Maltese	0	0	5	215	100	115
Tigrigna	20	15	10	805	395	405
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	80	65
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	55	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	635	305	330	28,740	13,170	15,575
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	1,560	710	850
Vietnamese	620	305	320	27,150	12,440	14,710
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	1,375	510	865	96,535	38,765	57,770
Bikol	5	0	5	375	165	215
Cebuano	105	35	65	4,065	1,565	2,505
Fijian	0	0	0	470	240	230
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	1,470	550	920
Ilocano	50	15	35	5,240	2,055	3,190
Malagasy	15	5	10	20	10	15
Malay	45	20	30	3,895	1,675	2,220
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	700	320	380
Pangasinan	0	0	0	295	130	170
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,120	420	700	78,770	31,550	47,220
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	215	85	135
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	1,015	435	580
Creole languages	135	70	65	840	440	400
Haitian Creole	15	10	5	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	80	30	50	500	255	245
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	305	155	145
Dravidian languages	285	155	130	7,500	3,995	3,510
Kannada	20	15	10	280	150	135
Malayalam	40	15	20	2,385	1,260	1,130
Tamil	105	60	50	3,615	1,875	1,740
Telugu	110	60	45	1,175	695	480
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	45	20	25
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	0	140	75	70
Indo-European languages	9,325	4,790	4,530	588,175	286,135	302,035
Albanian	50	25	25	1,465	765	705
Armenian	30	15	10	1,195	600	600
Balto-Slavic languages	1,740	865	875	83,110	38,595	44,515
Baltic languages	55	30	30	1,070	485	585
Latvian	25	10	10	565	255	300
Lithuanian	35	15	15	505	225	280
Slavic languages	1,685	835	850	82,040	38,110	43,930
Belarusan	5	5	0	95	45	50
Bosnian	50	25	25	1,360	675	685
Bulgarian	20	10	10	2,025	955	1,070
Croatian	75	35	40	7,475	3,655	3,820
Czech	55	25	25	5,920	2,850	3,070
Macedonian	15	10	5	325	160	165
Polish	230	105	125	16,910	7,875	9,035
Russian	880	440	435	25,955	11,640	14,310
Serbian	105	55	45	7,045	3,600	3,450
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	1,395	670	725
Slovak	25	15	15	3,400	1,525	1,870
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	1,160	545	615
Ukrainian	170	85	90	8,630	3,730	4,900
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	175	170
Celtic languages	30	5	20	615	325	290
Scottish Gaelic	15	5	10	240	130	110
Welsh	10	0	10	280	145	135
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	95	50	45
Germanic languages	2,875	1,415	1,465	101,725	48,350	53,380
Afrikaans	50	30	25	3,260	1,655	1,610
Danish	125	55	75	4,665	2,280	2,385
Dutch	885	470	410	21,020	10,130	10,895
Frisian	35	25	10	295	145	145
German	1,650	780	865	66,885	31,525	35,360
Icelandic	5	0	0	275	135	145
Norwegian	40	25	20	2,005	970	1,035
Swedish	50	15	35	2,520	1,100	1,420
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	445	220	225
Yiddish	10	5	5	290	150	140
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	65	45	25
Greek	145	100	50	6,115	3,245	2,870
Indo-Iranian languages	1,850	1,020	835	297,800	147,830	149,970
Indo-Aryan languages	1,175	655	525	251,000	124,260	126,740
Bengali	205	120	85	3,180	1,665	1,510
Gujarati	75	40	30	6,895	3,290	3,605
Hindi	225	135	95	26,720	12,910	13,810
Kashmiri	0	0	0	65	35	25
Konkani	10	5	5	255	130	125
Marathi	50	20	25	620	325	295
Nepali	180	90	90	1,155	620	540
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	5	70	35	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	75	50	198,805	98,525	100,285
Sindhi	25	10	10	1,675	780	895
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	1,675	845	830
Urdu	240	140	100	9,885	5,090	4,795
Iranian languages	655	355	305	46,390	23,355	23,035
Kurdish	55	30	25	1,765	945	825
Pashto	25	15	10	1,155	615	535
Persian (Farsi)	580	310	270	43,470	21,795	21,675
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	410	220	195
Italic (Romance) languages	2,605	1,355	1,250	96,135	46,430	49,710
Catalan	5	5	0	160	85	75
Italian	400	225	175	22,680	11,445	11,230
Portuguese	260	130	130	17,450	8,240	9,210
Romanian	485	250	240	8,730	4,250	4,480
Spanish	1,460	755	705	47,010	22,335	24,675
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	105	65	40
Japanese	110	25	85	21,350	7,195	14,150
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	85	50	35
Georgian	0	0	0	85	50	40
Korean	1,550	800	750	52,160	23,495	28,670
Mongolic languages	5	5	0	360	150	205
Mongolian	5	5	5	360	155	210
Niger-Congo languages	700	385	315	3,725	1,875	1,850
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	495	275	220
Bamanankan	60	35	25	10	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	85	50	35
Ewe	5	5	0	85	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	40	30	15	45	25	20
Ga	5	5	5	45	20	25
Ganda	10	0	0	90	45	45
Igbo	30	20	10	245	145	105
Lingala	25	15	15	80	30	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	25	20	115	50	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	20	155	70	80
Shona	20	10	10	215	100	115
Swahili	135	65	70	805	400	405
Wolof	25	20	10	50	25	25
Yoruba	30	15	20	330	185	150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	195	105	85	885	410	480
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	340	175	165
Dinka	5	0	0	105	60	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	240	115	125
Sign languages	145	75	70	1,155	610	545
American Sign Language	40	20	30	470	230	240
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	95	55	45	690	380	305
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,115	1,570	1,545	410,920	187,725	223,190
Chinese languages	3,085	1,555	1,530	408,415	186,455	221,960
Cantonese	440	225	210	193,530	89,325	104,210
Hakka	20	10	10	2,325	1,010	1,315
Mandarin	2,250	1,105	1,150	186,325	84,370	101,955
Min Dong	0	5	0	230	105	120
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	15	11,210	4,995	6,215
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	45	55	4,540	1,995	2,545
Chinese, n.o.s.	240	150	85	10,050	4,570	5,480
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	205	85	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	2,500	1,265	1,230
Burmese	0	0	5	1,125	580	545
Karenic languages	25	15	10	815	395	425
Tibetan	0	0	0	330	175	160
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	120	110
Tai-Kadai languages	60	15	50	3,985	1,335	2,650
Lao	5	0	0	1,100	550	550
Thai	55	10	45	2,865	775	2,090
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	105	60	45	4,140	2,295	1,845
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	530	290	235
Turkish	75	50	30	3,145	1,790	1,360
Uyghur	0	0	0	170	85	85
Uzbek	10	5	5	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	190	80	110
Uralic languages	250	115	135	13,490	6,285	7,205
Estonian	20	5	10	705	295	410
Finnish	45	15	30	3,760	1,555	2,200
Hungarian	185	90	95	9,025	4,435	4,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	500	280	225
Multiple responses	9,290	4,440	4,855	103,415	49,625	53,795
English and French	7,285	3,470	3,815	10,065	4,815	5,250
English and non-official language	1,535	725	810	89,135	42,820	46,315
French and non-official language	330	175	155	2,100	1,040	1,065
English, French and non-official language	145	65	75	2,115	950	1,165
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	736,280	360,435	375,845	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
Single responses	724,940	355,025	369,910	4,365,875	2,145,020	2,220,855
Official languages	712,250	348,510	363,740	3,648,500	1,807,825	1,840,675
English	505,935	247,610	258,325	3,631,700	1,799,625	1,832,075
French	206,315	100,900	105,415	16,795	8,195	8,605
Non-official languages	12,690	6,515	6,175	717,375	337,200	380,180
Aboriginal languages	820	400	420	1,565	765	795
Algonquian languages	820	395	420	105	50	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	5	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	5	0	85	40	45
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	15	10	10
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	60	30	30
Eastern Algonquian languages	815	395	420	5	0	0
Malecite	50	25	25	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	765	370	395	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	15	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	610	290	320
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	605	290	315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Beaver	0	0	0	40	20	20
Carrier	0	0	0	245	110	130
Chilcotin	0	0	0	260	125	130
Dene	0	0	0	15	5	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	5	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuit languages	5	5	0	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	10	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	15	10	5
Michif	5	0	0	0	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	275	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30
Lillooet	0	0	0	25	15	15
Okanagan	0	0	0	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	50	30	20
Squamish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Straits	0	0	0	25	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Dakota	0	0	0	10	10	5
Stoney	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	405	215	195
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	310	155	155
Nisga'a	0	0	0	70	45	25
Tsimshian	0	0	0	25	15	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	75	40	35
Haisla	0	0	0	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	25	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	15	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	11,870	6,115	5,750	715,815	336,435	379,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,285	1,210	1,075	13,990	7,065	6,920
Berber languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	10	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	770	355	415
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	90	50	45
Somali	20	5	10	665	300	360
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Semitic languages	2,265	1,200	1,065	13,155	6,680	6,475
Amharic	20	10	10	600	275	320
Arabic	2,110	1,125	990	10,415	5,335	5,080
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	405	195	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	310	165	145
Harari	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hebrew	130	60	70	900	465	440
Maltese	0	0	5	15	5	10
Tigrigna	5	0	5	410	190	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	525	255	270	17,870	8,305	9,560
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	800	375	420
Vietnamese	520	250	270	17,055	7,920	9,130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	10	5
Austronesian languages	510	235	270	40,605	17,945	22,660
Bikol	0	0	0	75	30	35
Cebuano	40	15	25	1,305	585	715
Fijian	0	0	0	110	65	55
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	415	175	240
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,615	695	930
Malagasy	5	0	5	10	5	10
Malay	15	0	5	1,120	510	605
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	150	70	80
Pangasinan	0	0	0	55	25	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	450	215	235	35,375	15,600	19,770
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	55	25	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	310	150	160
Creole languages	65	25	35	335	150	180
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	15	235	105	130
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	95	50	45
Dravidian languages	110	60	45	3,940	1,995	1,940
Kannada	5	0	0	110	55	60
Malayalam	20	5	10	1,225	615	605
Tamil	35	20	20	2,055	1,025	1,030
Telugu	45	30	15	535	295	240
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	5	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Indo-European languages	4,160	2,175	1,990	282,090	137,135	144,955
Albanian	30	15	10	695	335	360
Armenian	20	5	10	545	240	305
Balto-Slavic languages	975	505	470	31,640	15,150	16,490
Baltic languages	35	20	15	210	90	115
Latvian	10	5	5	80	30	50
Lithuanian	25	15	10	125	60	65
Slavic languages	935	480	455	31,430	15,060	16,370
Belarusan	0	0	0	15	5	5
Bosnian	25	15	10	595	300	300
Bulgarian	5	5	0	1,035	485	550
Croatian	25	10	15	2,235	1,055	1,180
Czech	5	0	5	1,595	800	795
Macedonian	0	0	0	150	75	75
Polish	55	25	30	5,690	2,720	2,970
Russian	620	320	305	13,310	6,290	7,020
Serbian	80	45	35	3,695	1,870	1,825
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	500	235	265
Slovak	5	5	5	1,000	480	520
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	145	65	85
Ukrainian	90	50	40	1,430	665	765
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Celtic languages	10	0	5	70	40	30
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	35	20	10
Welsh	0	0	0	25	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Germanic languages	640	320	320	14,430	6,870	7,555
Afrikaans	35	15	20	1,475	715	760
Danish	5	5	5	305	145	160
Dutch	150	80	75	1,895	890	1,005
Frisian	5	0	5	10	5	5
German	425	215	210	10,085	4,795	5,295
Icelandic	0	0	0	75	35	35
Norwegian	5	0	5	140	60	80
Swedish	5	0	5	360	170	195
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	50	30	20
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Greek	45	25	25	2,010	975	1,035
Indo-Iranian languages	1,140	595	545	194,590	95,380	99,215
Indo-Aryan languages	655	335	325	164,185	80,610	83,575
Bengali	130	70	60	1,815	895	920
Gujarati	40	15	20	2,970	1,320	1,645
Hindi	115	60	50	12,310	5,890	6,425
Kashmiri	0	0	0	10	5	5
Konkani	5	5	0	40	25	25
Marathi	20	10	10	270	140	130
Nepali	135	60	75	665	345	320
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25	139,080	68,565	70,515
Sindhi	10	5	0	615	270	345
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	675	330	340
Urdu	140	75	70	5,705	2,825	2,880
Iranian languages	470	255	220	30,205	14,665	15,540
Kurdish	35	25	10	1,080	540	535
Pashto	15	5	5	700	350	350
Persian (Farsi)	425	225	195	28,420	13,765	14,660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	200	100	100
Italic (Romance) languages	1,305	705	600	38,110	18,145	19,970
Catalan	5	5	0	65	35	35
Italian	85	40	45	5,200	2,245	2,955
Portuguese	110	50	60	6,725	3,140	3,580
Romanian	290	145	140	3,800	1,830	1,970
Spanish	820	470	350	22,310	10,900	11,410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10
Japanese	20	10	15	9,860	4,070	5,790
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	30	15	10
Georgian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Korean	1,245	645	605	38,605	17,785	20,820
Mongolic languages	5	0	0	170	80	90
Mongolian	0	0	0	165	80	85
Niger-Congo languages	240	125	120	960	430	530
Akan (Twi)	10	5	10	150	80	65
Bamanankan	20	15	5	5	5	5
Edo	0	0	0	15	10	10
Ewe	0	0	0	20	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	5	20	5	10
Ga	5	0	0	5	5	0
Ganda	0	0	0	10	5	5
Igbo	5	5	0	40	20	15
Lingala	10	5	5	35	15	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	15	10	55	20	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	60	25	35
Shona	5	0	5	65	25	40
Swahili	80	35	45	200	90	115
Wolof	5	5	0	20	10	10
Yoruba	5	5	5	60	30	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	200	85	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	140	60	75
Dinka	0	0	0	55	30	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	30	55
Sign languages	200	115	85	1,535	850	685
American Sign Language	55	30	25	455	230	225
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	150	90	60	1,080	615	460
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,390	1,210	1,175	299,420	137,555	161,865
Chinese languages	2,365	1,195	1,170	297,675	136,670	161,000
Cantonese	260	130	130	137,075	62,545	74,525
Hakka	5	0	0	700	295	410
Mandarin	1,855	930	920	146,435	67,695	78,740
Min Dong	0	0	0	65	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	5	4,820	2,185	2,630
Wu (Shanghainese)	85	40	45	2,595	1,195	1,400
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	80	55	5,885	2,680	3,205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	105	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	1,745	885	865
Burmese	5	0	0	720	375	350
Karenic languages	20	10	10	725	355	370
Tibetan	0	0	0	205	110	90
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	45	45
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	1,380	595	785
Lao	0	0	0	460	225	235
Thai	10	5	5	920	370	545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	5
Turkic languages	30	15	10	1,695	880	815
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	195	105	95
Turkish	25	15	5	1,310	685	630
Uyghur	0	0	0	95	50	50
Uzbek	0	0	0	45	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	25
Uralic languages	70	35	40	3,005	1,415	1,590
Estonian	5	0	0	95	40	55
Finnish	5	5	5	725	325	400
Hungarian	55	30	30	2,185	1,050	1,130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	70	75
Multiple responses	11,345	5,415	5,925	232,540	110,375	122,165
English and French	7,275	3,370	3,905	6,155	2,970	3,185
English and non-official language	3,435	1,715	1,720	222,670	105,750	116,920
French and non-official language	340	185	160	650	290	360
English, French and non-official language	290	140	145	3,065	1,365	1,700
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	736,280	360,435	375,845	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
None	647,960	318,560	329,400	3,931,210	1,940,390	1,990,820
English	49,925	24,065	25,855	274,535	132,990	141,545
French	30,030	13,760	16,275	41,020	18,435	22,590
Non-official language	7,545	3,650	3,895	340,930	158,590	182,345
Aboriginal	1,300	625	685	7,985	3,765	4,215
Non-Aboriginal	6,240	3,030	3,210	332,945	154,820	178,125
English and French	180	90	90	1,195	545	650
English and non-official language	300	160	145	5,660	2,655	3,005
French and non-official language	335	155	185	3,765	1,745	2,020
English, French and non-official language	10	5	5	100	45	50
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	620,390	301,645	318,745	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	594,705	289,220	305,485	3,727,360	1,815,500	1,911,860
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,961	37,516	25,796	33,012	40,370	27,543
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	594,920	289,245	305,680	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,600
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,107	33,169	23,945	29,783	35,383	25,659
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	516,780	259,945	256,835	3,363,310	1,665,225	1,698,085
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,444	34,830	23,278	31,585	39,557	25,304
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	439,645	193,975	245,675	2,628,215	1,140,195	1,488,025
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,164	9,210	7,321	4,592	3,717	4,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	423,915	219,135	204,780	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,124	34,784	24,769	31,713	39,186	26,034
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	620,395	301,650	318,745	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,650	289,140	305,510	3,727,715	1,815,380	1,912,335
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,141	46,154	32,504	45,616	54,797	36,901
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	594,870	289,165	305,700	3,732,420	1,819,290	1,913,130
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,022	38,151	28,171	37,922	44,282	31,874
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	516,685	259,855	256,830	3,362,835	1,664,850	1,697,985
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,432	44,240	30,543	44,933	54,787	35,271
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	440,195	194,240	245,955	2,628,230	1,139,390	1,488,840
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,938	9,519	8,480	7,207	7,255	7,171
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	423,915	218,800	205,110	2,775,010	1,415,100	1,359,910
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,611	43,456	31,376	43,339	52,171	34,149
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	620,390	301,645	318,745	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	197,290	104,215	93,075	1,147,070	652,115	494,950
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	46,349	52,010	41,058	53,940	61,004	47,039
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	54,011	60,796	46,415	64,625	72,840	53,801
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	83.2	86.2	79.0	88.9	91.7	84.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.5	71.3	64.7	70.8	74.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	16.8	13.8	21.0	11.1	8.3	15.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	620,390	301,650	318,745	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without total income	25,680	12,430	13,260	142,970	67,370	75,600
With total income	594,710	289,220	305,490	3,727,360	1,815,505	1,911,860
Percentage with total income	95.9	95.9	95.8	96.3	96.4	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	80,700	32,655	48,050	573,315	240,120	333,195
$10,000 to $19,999	109,015	40,415	68,600	653,915	262,225	391,685
$20,000 to $29,999	99,025	40,480	58,540	503,290	209,095	294,195
$30,000 to $39,999	83,770	41,360	42,405	424,330	188,860	235,470
$40,000 to $49,999	65,795	35,080	30,715	366,220	173,020	193,200
$50,000 to $59,999	44,810	26,560	18,250	286,310	148,095	138,215
$60,000 to $69,999	32,185	20,270	11,920	222,975	129,400	93,580
$70,000 to $79,999	24,565	14,130	10,430	171,625	103,795	67,830
$80,000 to $89,999	17,095	9,915	7,180	134,090	83,100	50,990
$90,000 to $99,999	10,240	6,980	3,260	96,825	62,825	34,005
$100,000 and over	27,515	21,380	6,135	294,475	214,980	79,500
$100,000 to $149,999	19,765	15,195	4,570	198,355	142,260	56,095
$150,000 and over	7,750	6,185	1,565	96,115	72,715	23,405
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	620,390	301,645	318,750	3,870,330	1,882,870	1,987,460
Without after-tax income	25,470	12,405	13,070	138,350	63,495	74,855
With after-tax income	594,920	289,240	305,680	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,605
Percentage with after-tax income	95.9	95.9	95.9	96.4	96.6	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	83,590	33,140	50,455	597,310	253,480	343,835
$10,000 to $19,999	115,730	43,245	72,485	686,510	280,490	406,015
$20,000 to $29,999	118,940	51,335	67,610	593,490	252,075	341,415
$30,000 to $39,999	98,230	50,770	47,460	495,200	226,080	269,120
$40,000 to $49,999	67,470	38,665	28,810	402,535	200,565	201,965
$50,000 to $59,999	42,775	26,495	16,280	293,450	167,870	125,585
$60,000 to $69,999	28,790	16,435	12,355	210,085	128,000	82,080
$70,000 to $79,999	14,945	10,205	4,740	151,775	95,230	56,545
$80,000 and over	24,450	18,955	5,500	301,635	215,590	86,045
$80,000 to $89,999	8,385	6,340	2,040	94,700	64,330	30,370
$90,000 to $99,999	5,060	3,970	1,090	59,050	42,050	17,000
$100,000 and over	11,005	8,640	2,365	147,885	109,215	38,670
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	620,390	301,645	318,745	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without employment income	196,475	82,515	113,965	1,095,320	467,570	627,745
With employment income	423,910	219,140	204,775	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Percentage with employment income	68.3	72.6	64.2	71.7	75.2	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	54,590	26,540	28,045	441,080	204,275	236,810
$5,000 to $9,999	36,840	15,720	21,120	212,715	90,015	122,705
$10,000 to $19,999	65,895	29,920	35,975	371,875	160,350	211,525
$20,000 to $29,999	59,240	25,955	33,280	309,470	135,945	173,525
$30,000 to $39,999	50,190	24,930	25,260	282,045	126,870	155,180
$40,000 to $49,999	42,140	22,160	19,980	253,810	118,870	134,935
$50,000 to $59,999	29,910	18,180	11,730	203,885	107,605	96,280
$60,000 to $69,999	23,390	14,620	8,770	163,740	98,205	65,535
$70,000 to $79,999	19,515	10,565	8,950	132,340	82,120	50,220
$80,000 and over	42,210	30,540	11,665	404,040	291,050	112,990
$80,000 to $89,999	13,190	7,840	5,345	106,680	67,815	38,860
$90,000 to $99,999	8,105	5,685	2,420	76,470	51,990	24,480
$100,000 and over	20,915	17,015	3,895	220,890	171,245	49,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	319,770	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,347	...	...	69,995	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,553	...	...	61,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	89,480	...	...	541,915	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,747	...	...	35,701	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	26,387	...	...	31,899	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	230,290	...	...	1,340,055	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	74,207	...	...	88,466	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	65,063	...	...	77,108	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	319,775	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	72,786	...	...	90,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,431	...	...	75,209	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	89,455	...	...	541,925	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	36,505	...	...	46,696	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,242	...	...	39,091	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	230,320	...	...	1,340,045	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	86,878	...	...	108,010	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	73,156	...	...	89,816	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	319,775	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	3,940	...	...	43,415	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,800	...	...	27,140	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,835	...	...	55,745	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	17,765	...	...	77,565	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	16,400	...	...	78,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,335	...	...	72,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,830	...	...	78,080	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,875	...	...	78,395	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,365	...	...	76,775	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	14,845	...	...	75,860	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	27,735	...	...	143,475	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25,205	...	...	132,845	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,750	...	...	122,350	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,415	...	...	111,350	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	16,030	...	...	99,420	...	...
$100,000 and over	74,655	...	...	607,855	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	29,535	...	...	198,140	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	18,605	...	...	138,420	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	17,050	...	...	149,210	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,460	...	...	122,080	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	319,770	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	4,090	...	...	46,350	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	7,880	...	...	27,605	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	6,980	...	...	56,780	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,630	...	...	80,315	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,705	...	...	89,795	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	18,580	...	...	88,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,540	...	...	93,640	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	19,550	...	...	92,220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,165	...	...	91,635	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	17,920	...	...	88,520	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	32,930	...	...	165,685	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,175	...	...	150,650	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	23,970	...	...	136,430	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	19,330	...	...	118,520	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15,105	...	...	101,185	...	...
$100,000 and over	48,225	...	...	454,595	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25,135	...	...	187,490	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	11,980	...	...	111,260	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,110	...	...	155,845	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	221,680	...	...	1,276,275	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	74,353	...	...	88,451	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	65,100	...	...	77,002	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	99,865	...	...	519,030	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	67,988	...	...	80,788	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	59,801	...	...	70,464	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	82,260	...	...	536,175	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	100,315	...	...	111,736	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	85,717	...	...	96,176	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	33,580	...	...	179,945	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	42,992	...	...	51,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	40,671	...	...	46,668	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	221,740	...	...	1,275,865	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	87,048	...	...	108,241	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	73,197	...	...	89,792	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	99,840	...	...	518,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	79,085	...	...	100,772	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	66,576	...	...	83,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	82,415	...	...	536,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,901	...	...	131,213	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	92,699	...	...	108,407	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	33,455	...	...	179,615	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,119	...	...	63,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,687	...	...	54,655	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	114,825	54,970	59,850	768,855	373,390	395,465
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	27,250	30,122	25,182	31,255	33,342	29,674
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	25,167	27,154	23,916	28,320	29,815	27,221
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	114,375	54,300	60,075	766,660	371,595	395,060
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	34,738	37,330	32,395	41,666	44,615	38,892
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	29,845	31,431	28,411	35,191	37,100	33,395
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	730,710	357,860	372,850	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
In the bottom half of the distribution	428,180	204,170	224,005	2,265,245	1,078,695	1,186,555
In the bottom decile	80,120	37,430	42,695	537,405	258,275	279,140
In the second decile	94,165	42,190	51,980	449,395	205,320	244,075
In the third decile	87,075	41,905	45,170	420,355	198,845	221,510
In the fourth decile	85,610	42,275	43,335	422,805	203,710	219,095
In the fifth decile	81,200	40,375	40,825	435,290	212,555	222,735
In the top half of the distribution	302,530	153,685	148,845	2,294,990	1,158,795	1,136,195
In the sixth decile	77,345	38,915	38,425	442,070	218,225	223,845
In the seventh decile	73,185	37,190	36,005	451,795	226,240	225,555
In the eighth decile	65,090	32,815	32,275	462,900	233,935	228,970
In the ninth decile	52,050	26,635	25,410	473,535	241,165	232,375
In the top decile	34,860	18,130	16,730	464,685	239,235	225,450
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	722,550	353,870	368,680	4,477,875	2,196,415	2,281,460
0 to 17 years	131,930	67,285	64,645	822,390	422,685	399,710
0 to 5 years	40,900	20,805	20,100	260,110	133,670	126,445
18 to 64 years	452,805	221,675	231,130	2,876,495	1,404,390	1,472,105
65 years and over	137,820	64,915	72,905	778,990	369,345	409,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	123,820	55,990	67,825	694,960	325,015	369,940
0 to 17 years	29,250	14,930	14,320	151,880	78,110	73,770
0 to 5 years	10,285	5,260	5,030	46,920	24,035	22,885
18 to 64 years	66,745	29,975	36,770	427,085	198,475	228,615
65 years and over	27,830	11,090	16,745	115,990	48,430	67,560
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.1	15.8	18.4	15.5	14.8	16.2
0 to 17 years (%)	22.2	22.2	22.2	18.5	18.5	18.5
0 to 5 years (%)	25.1	25.3	25.0	18.0	18.0	18.1
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	13.5	15.9	14.8	14.1	15.5
65 years and over (%)	20.2	17.1	23.0	14.9	13.1	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	49,830	24,165	25,660	491,645	236,430	255,215
0 to 17 years	11,520	5,890	5,630	99,330	50,890	48,450
0 to 5 years	4,200	2,145	2,055	29,250	14,930	14,315
18 to 64 years	35,680	17,255	18,425	345,345	165,740	179,605
65 years and over	2,630	1,025	1,605	46,965	19,805	27,165
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.9	6.8	7.0	11.0	10.8	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	8.7	8.8	8.7	12.1	12.0	12.1
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.3	10.2	11.2	11.2	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	7.8	8.0	12.0	11.8	12.2
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.6	2.2	6.0	5.4	6.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	730,710	357,855	372,850	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
Official languages	728,310	356,615	371,690	4,407,125	2,173,840	2,233,285
English	666,315	326,905	339,415	4,405,380	2,173,040	2,232,340
French	310,550	147,845	162,705	314,225	140,085	174,140
Non-official languages	34,880	17,355	17,525	1,546,550	727,200	819,355
Aboriginal languages	3,065	1,470	1,595	17,190	8,115	9,075
Algonquian languages	2,990	1,455	1,540	1,950	905	1,045
Blackfoot	0	0	0	35	0	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	1,600	795	805
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	345	160	180
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	10	55	25	30
Woods Cree	0	0	0	80	45	40
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,090	560	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	2,965	1,435	1,530	30	20	10
Malecite	720	335	385	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	2,265	1,115	1,150	25	15	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	15	0	310	100	205
Algonquin	0	10	0	20	0	15
Ojibway	10	10	0	275	95	180
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15	0	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	4,375	2,050	2,330
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	4,345	2,035	2,315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	200	100	95
Beaver	0	0	0	255	130	130
Carrier	0	0	0	2,045	940	1,110
Chilcotin	0	0	0	1,130	525	605
Dene	0	0	0	130	55	80
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	125	60	75
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	0	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	25	15	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	105	45	60
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	290	155	130
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tahltan	0	0	0	250	135	120
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10
Haida	0	0	0	455	195	255
Inuit languages	55	10	45	170	70	95
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inuktitut	45	10	40	120	50	70
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	25
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	30	10	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	25	10	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	170	95	80
Michif	10	10	0	110	50	60
Salish languages	0	10	0	5,660	2,690	2,970
Comox	0	0	0	185	75	105
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,045	470	570
Lillooet	0	0	0	790	405	385
Okanagan	0	0	0	805	360	445
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	1,280	630	650
Squamish	0	0	0	280	125	155
Straits	0	0	0	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	440	220	220
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	540	280	260
Siouan languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Dakota	0	0	0	30	15	15
Stoney	0	0	0	10	10	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	60	40	20
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,685	1,330	1,350
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,275	635	645
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,035	535	500
Tsimshian	0	0	0	405	180	230
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	1,460	670	795
Haisla	0	0	0	175	65	105
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	120	50	70
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	590	275	315
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	560	265	295
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	240	105	135
Non-Aboriginal languages	31,865	15,915	15,955	1,529,635	719,190	810,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,355	2,385	1,980	35,115	18,585	16,530
Berber languages	80	40	35	145	95	45
Kabyle	40	20	15	65	40	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	80	60	20
Cushitic languages	15	10	0	2,070	955	1,120
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	15
Oromo	0	0	0	245	140	110
Somali	10	10	0	1,800	815	985
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Semitic languages	4,300	2,340	1,960	33,110	17,660	15,460
Amharic	165	100	65	2,095	1,050	1,045
Arabic	3,685	2,030	1,660	24,230	13,180	11,050
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	760	370	390
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	570	285	285
Harari	0	0	0	55	35	20
Hebrew	435	205	230	5,450	2,805	2,645
Maltese	0	10	0	315	155	155
Tigrigna	50	25	25	1,055	560	495
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	300	160	140
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	170	85	85
Austro-Asiatic languages	835	430	400	35,915	17,130	18,785
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	1,875	850	1,020
Vietnamese	820	435	390	34,140	16,295	17,840
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	55	30	25
Austronesian languages	1,790	695	1,090	125,425	51,215	74,210
Bikol	10	0	10	530	215	310
Cebuano	185	70	115	5,365	2,000	3,370
Fijian	0	0	0	1,095	655	440
Hiligaynon	35	10	30	1,685	710	975
Ilocano	50	10	45	6,450	2,480	3,970
Malagasy	25	10	15	25	15	10
Malay	75	20	55	7,495	3,480	4,010
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	855	365	495
Pangasinan	0	0	0	480	205	275
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,595	625	970	113,265	45,455	67,805
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	320	130	195
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	1,515	740	775
Creole languages	430	195	235	2,485	1,320	1,165
Haitian Creole	50	20	30	135	55	75
Creole, n.o.s.	240	105	135	1,310	730	585
Creole languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	1,055	540	515
Dravidian languages	435	245	195	10,390	5,485	4,905
Kannada	60	30	25	510	250	265
Malayalam	55	35	25	3,350	1,795	1,550
Tamil	190	115	75	5,445	2,830	2,610
Telugu	175	90	85	1,720	970	750
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	85	30	55
Hmong-Mien languages	10	10	0	165	85	80
Indo-European languages	16,505	8,155	8,350	764,815	371,760	393,060
Albanian	80	45	35	1,640	840	795
Armenian	60	35	25	1,680	845	835
Balto-Slavic languages	2,065	1,100	965	94,050	44,710	49,340
Baltic languages	55	40	20	1,030	515	520
Latvian	20	10	10	555	290	265
Lithuanian	30	20	10	475	220	250
Slavic languages	2,025	1,070	955	93,235	44,305	48,940
Belarusan	10	0	0	245	115	125
Bosnian	75	40	40	2,075	1,020	1,050
Bulgarian	45	15	35	2,430	1,105	1,325
Croatian	95	45	55	10,685	5,255	5,430
Czech	115	65	45	7,480	3,665	3,815
Macedonian	35	25	10	400	220	185
Polish	320	165	160	19,175	8,980	10,190
Russian	1,200	630	570	33,990	15,850	18,135
Serbian	90	70	20	9,110	4,625	4,485
Serbo-Croatian	40	30	10	1,525	770	750
Slovak	45	15	30	4,270	2,045	2,225
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	1,375	610	760
Ukrainian	310	145	165	10,740	4,835	5,905
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	420	215	205
Celtic languages	140	40	100	1,855	990	865
Scottish Gaelic	95	20	75	660	395	265
Welsh	10	0	10	345	145	195
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	860	450	410
Germanic languages	4,745	2,360	2,380	136,685	65,350	71,335
Afrikaans	130	70	60	7,670	3,875	3,800
Danish	155	60	95	5,510	2,490	3,020
Dutch	1,185	560	625	24,060	11,520	12,550
Frisian	50	40	15	465	230	240
German	3,260	1,675	1,580	95,005	45,840	49,165
Icelandic	10	10	0	405	210	195
Norwegian	130	65	65	2,845	1,425	1,415
Swedish	110	45	60	4,825	2,125	2,695
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	25	545	270	275
Yiddish	20	20	0	505	225	280
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	95	60
Greek	220	125	95	9,095	4,725	4,370
Indo-Iranian languages	2,325	1,275	1,050	363,205	181,340	181,865
Indo-Aryan languages	1,570	875	695	311,955	155,465	156,490
Bengali	225	150	80	3,670	1,885	1,785
Gujarati	110	45	65	11,500	5,455	6,050
Hindi	790	430	355	81,330	39,950	41,380
Kashmiri	0	0	0	60	30	25
Konkani	0	0	0	415	215	200
Marathi	55	20	30	1,475	780	695
Nepali	185	90	95	1,485	725	760
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	70	40	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	205	130	75	244,485	122,450	122,035
Sindhi	0	0	0	3,300	1,415	1,885
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	10	20	2,430	1,265	1,170
Urdu	355	215	140	16,750	8,840	7,915
Iranian languages	805	430	375	52,300	26,435	25,870
Kurdish	130	65	60	2,225	1,185	1,040
Pashto	60	45	20	1,660	940	725
Persian (Farsi)	620	330	285	49,835	25,135	24,690
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	935	490	450
Italic (Romance) languages	7,600	3,540	4,055	177,685	83,505	94,185
Catalan	15	10	0	395	210	180
Italian	825	405	420	37,475	18,075	19,400
Portuguese	450	250	200	23,260	11,060	12,200
Romanian	555	290	265	10,045	4,945	5,105
Spanish	6,065	2,775	3,290	115,115	53,215	61,900
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	380	245	140
Japanese	430	190	240	36,990	15,955	21,040
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	115	55	60
Georgian	0	0	0	115	55	55
Korean	1,695	860	835	57,490	26,310	31,180
Mongolic languages	10	10	10	370	170	200
Mongolian	15	10	10	370	165	195
Niger-Congo languages	1,525	890	640	8,025	4,130	3,895
Akan (Twi)	35	15	25	630	350	280
Bamanankan	155	70	85	30	20	15
Edo	0	0	0	145	80	60
Ewe	0	0	0	135	90	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	100	85	15	105	30	70
Ga	10	10	0	150	95	50
Ganda	10	10	0	165	80	85
Igbo	60	50	15	425	240	185
Lingala	125	95	35	280	125	150
Rundi (Kirundi)	90	55	35	125	45	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	30	290	125	165
Shona	40	15	25	415	220	195
Swahili	355	185	170	3,365	1,785	1,575
Wolof	70	45	25	50	25	30
Yoruba	60	45	20	885	455	435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	545	315	230	1,835	840	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	405	210	200
Dinka	0	0	0	85	50	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	325	155	165
Sign languages	1,155	450	705	7,545	2,865	4,680
American Sign Language	425	150	280	3,860	1,280	2,575
Quebec Sign Language	15	10	0	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	745	305	435	3,780	1,615	2,160
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,585	1,885	1,700	457,595	211,220	246,375
Chinese languages	3,510	1,855	1,660	454,885	209,850	245,030
Cantonese	610	285	320	234,445	108,485	125,960
Hakka	0	0	0	2,715	1,290	1,430
Mandarin	2,760	1,455	1,310	265,635	119,995	145,640
Min Dong	0	0	0	130	55	75
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	30	16,410	7,230	9,185
Wu (Shanghainese)	140	65	75	5,600	2,445	3,155
Chinese, n.o.s.	310	195	115	10,380	4,725	5,650
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	200	75	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	30	40	3,000	1,500	1,505
Burmese	0	0	0	1,490	730	755
Karenic languages	65	25	45	955	485	465
Tibetan	0	0	0	375	205	165
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	330	150	180
Tai-Kadai languages	85	20	65	5,635	2,190	3,450
Lao	10	0	10	1,630	735	890
Thai	80	20	60	4,275	1,535	2,740
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	175	105	75	6,785	3,685	3,095
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	945	510	435
Turkish	165	105	60	5,585	3,025	2,555
Uyghur	0	0	0	115	60	55
Uzbek	0	0	0	170	95	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	275	140	130
Uralic languages	270	130	140	15,280	7,095	8,185
Estonian	20	15	0	780	350	425
Finnish	35	15	20	4,030	1,640	2,385
Hungarian	220	105	115	10,495	5,100	5,395
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	70	30	1,045	575	470
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	730,710	357,855	372,855	4,560,235	2,237,485	2,322,750
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	710,775	347,905	362,875	4,138,300	2,038,285	2,100,015
Canadian citizens aged under 18	130,785	66,795	63,990	790,485	406,970	383,510
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	579,995	281,110	298,880	3,347,820	1,631,310	1,716,505
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	19,925	9,950	9,980	421,935	199,205	222,735
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	730,710	357,855	372,850	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	692,535	339,090	353,445	3,167,155	1,584,305	1,582,855
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	33,810	16,175	17,640	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Before 1981	11,545	5,265	6,275	356,155	171,330	184,825
1981 to 1990	2,735	1,340	1,390	152,220	70,475	81,750
1991 to 2000	2,975	1,490	1,490	287,505	132,190	155,315
2001 to 2010	7,235	3,530	3,710	321,240	147,250	173,985
2001 to 2005	2,435	1,110	1,330	147,735	67,425	80,305
2006 to 2010	4,800	2,415	2,385	173,505	79,825	93,680
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	9,330	4,560	4,770	175,555	82,555	92,995
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	4,360	2,590	1,770	100,405	49,385	51,020
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	33,815	16,175	17,635	1,292,670	603,800	688,875
Under 5 years	5,135	2,350	2,790	112,665	56,495	56,175
5 to 14 years	7,290	3,585	3,705	212,710	108,975	103,730
15 to 24 years	5,790	2,525	3,265	279,495	126,690	152,805
25 to 44 years	12,640	6,100	6,535	537,500	242,185	295,310
45 years and over	2,955	1,615	1,340	150,305	69,455	80,845
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	33,815	16,175	17,635	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Americas	9,420	4,205	5,210	110,850	50,515	60,330
Brazil	55	20	30	3,800	1,545	2,260
Colombia	215	85	130	3,915	1,720	2,195
El Salvador	115	85	30	5,425	2,710	2,715
Guyana	80	40	45	1,305	600	710
Haiti	170	70	100	570	250	315
Jamaica	120	85	40	3,505	1,770	1,735
Mexico	160	50	110	10,375	4,425	5,945
Peru	60	35	25	3,265	1,330	1,930
Trinidad and Tobago	115	70	40	2,620	1,205	1,415
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	7,620	3,315	4,305	57,780	26,425	31,355
Other places of birth in Americas	715	355	360	18,295	8,530	9,765
Europe	10,985	5,335	5,650	319,885	156,975	162,915
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	55	50	4,570	2,230	2,345
Croatia	60	35	25	5,780	2,945	2,830
France	760	425	340	5,700	2,895	2,805
Germany	1,615	740	880	35,045	16,835	18,210
Greece	95	60	40	3,630	1,965	1,670
Hungary	100	35	65	6,175	3,145	3,030
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	160	75	85	5,890	3,090	2,795
Italy	210	125	85	15,405	8,050	7,355
Netherlands	975	505	465	18,225	9,365	8,855
Poland	195	90	100	15,115	6,965	8,145
Portugal	130	85	45	8,215	4,125	4,090
Romania	485	245	240	8,995	4,400	4,595
Russian Federation	245	115	135	10,920	4,700	6,215
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	30	25	10	4,480	2,225	2,260
Ukraine	250	120	130	7,500	3,520	3,980
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	4,600	2,160	2,445	123,810	60,975	62,835
Other places of birth in Europe	970	455	515	40,425	19,545	20,880
Africa	2,565	1,420	1,140	42,805	21,500	21,310
Algeria	165	90	75	485	310	175
Egypt	120	75	45	2,705	1,480	1,225
Ethiopia	120	65	60	2,070	1,015	1,060
Kenya	60	30	30	4,705	2,175	2,535
Morocco	200	120	75	985	535	455
Nigeria	115	65	50	1,740	925	815
Somalia	15	10	10	1,080	515	570
South Africa, Republic of	165	85	80	13,375	6,700	6,675
Other places of birth in Africa	1,615	885	725	15,645	7,840	7,800
Asia	10,625	5,105	5,520	788,055	359,835	428,220
Afghanistan	20	10	0	5,040	2,550	2,490
Bangladesh	100	55	50	2,125	1,080	1,040
China^{Census data footnote 59}	2,210	1,040	1,175	199,990	89,145	110,845
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	60	55	74,210	34,120	40,090
India	820	435	380	162,650	79,395	83,245
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	490	260	230	37,160	18,890	18,270
Iraq	70	25	45	5,550	2,855	2,690
Japan	90	15	75	13,365	3,840	9,520
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,495	775	720	41,515	18,870	22,645
Lebanon	390	225	165	2,235	1,290	950
Pakistan	225	130	95	10,665	5,470	5,190
Philippines	1,340	475	870	112,100	45,890	66,210
Sri Lanka	40	15	30	4,585	2,360	2,230
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,225	605	620	2,845	1,450	1,400
Taiwan	80	25	55	38,900	17,450	21,450
Viet Nam	720	355	365	27,875	12,970	14,905
Other places of birth in Asia	1,195	600	595	47,255	22,215	25,045
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	220	110	110	31,075	14,975	16,100
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	9,325	4,555	4,775	175,555	82,555	92,995
Americas	900	430	475	14,550	7,160	7,385
Brazil	20	10	10	1,145	525	615
Colombia	40	20	15	580	250	325
Cuba	10	10	10	140	60	80
Haiti	45	15	30	35	35	10
Jamaica	40	25	10	625	355	265
Mexico	25	10	20	2,885	1,420	1,460
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	585	285	300	6,485	3,290	3,190
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	25	10	20	270	115	155
Other places of birth in Americas	110	45	70	2,380	1,105	1,275
Europe	1,405	695	710	19,735	10,260	9,475
France	300	165	130	970	510	460
Germany	85	45	45	1,450	775	675
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	30	15	15	1,430	900	530
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	25	10	20	245	120	125
Romania	245	130	120	690	310	380
Russian Federation	90	35	55	1,735	620	1,110
Ukraine	100	50	50	1,230	495	735
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	240	145	100	6,540	3,840	2,695
Other places of birth in Europe	280	105	180	5,455	2,685	2,765
Africa	975	550	425	6,200	3,150	3,050
Algeria	15	20	0	65	40	20
Cameroon	45	35	10	65	25	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	75	80	150	80	75
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0	20	10	10
Egypt	40	20	20	625	340	290
Eritrea	35	15	25	320	175	145
Ethiopia	45	20	25	305	170	140
Morocco	40	30	10	205	115	95
Nigeria	40	15	25	645	325	315
Somalia	10	0	10	355	145	215
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	1,625	815	810
Tunisia	50	30	20	80	30	45
Other places of birth in Africa	455	265	185	1,745	890	860
Asia	6,015	2,865	3,150	131,880	60,140	71,735
Afghanistan	0	0	0	870	455	415
Bangladesh	25	10	15	470	230	245
China^{Census data footnote 59}	1,390	690	700	38,105	16,965	21,140
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	10	10	0	1,800	770	1,030
India	265	140	125	27,460	13,780	13,680
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	255	130	125	8,645	4,315	4,330
Iraq	45	20	25	1,910	940	965
Israel	200	90	110	365	205	160
Japan	15	0	15	2,285	570	1,715
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	600	290	310	8,025	3,430	4,595
Lebanon	130	75	55	265	155	110
Nepal	45	15	35	310	115	195
Pakistan	70	40	30	1,965	990	975
Philippines	925	345	580	26,680	11,615	15,065
Saudi Arabia	45	40	10	400	180	215
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	535	265	265
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,145	550	595	2,185	1,095	1,085
Taiwan	10	0	0	2,505	970	1,530
Turkey	45	40	10	395	220	170
United Arab Emirates	30	20	10	385	195	195
Viet Nam	500	250	255	1,780	685	1,090
Other places of birth in Asia	265	100	160	4,545	1,980	2,560
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	40	25	15	3,185	1,845	1,340
Australia	20	10	10	1,920	1,130	790
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	20	10	10	1,265	715	550
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	730,710	357,855	372,850	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	41,395	20,445	20,955	1,426,450	670,440	756,010
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	43,370	21,150	22,220	1,043,860	523,340	520,520
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	645,945	316,270	329,675	2,089,925	1,043,705	1,046,225
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	22,665	11,085	11,575	955,955	442,040	513,915
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	13,205	6,735	6,470	537,875	258,560	279,315
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	5,115	3,595	1,520	209,685	123,645	86,040
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	8,090	3,140	4,950	328,185	134,915	193,275
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	6,100	2,625	3,475	323,440	133,775	189,670
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	3,240	1,675	1,570	82,360	44,250	38,110
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	110	55	60	12,285	5,455	6,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	730,710	357,860	372,855	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	29,385	14,690	14,695	270,585	130,265	140,320
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	28,160	14,120	14,040	263,540	127,115	136,425
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	17,575	8,555	9,015	172,520	83,645	88,880
Métis	10,200	5,370	4,835	89,405	42,715	46,690
Inuk (Inuit)	385	190	190	1,610	760	855
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	470	210	260	4,350	2,090	2,260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	750	360	390	2,695	1,060	1,635
Non-Aboriginal identity	701,325	343,170	358,155	4,289,655	2,107,225	2,182,430
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	730,705	357,855	372,850	4,560,240	2,237,485	2,322,750
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	14,305	7,085	7,225	135,835	65,560	70,280
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	716,405	350,775	365,625	4,424,400	2,171,930	2,252,470
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	730,710	357,860	372,850	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	12,785	6,335	6,450	91,710	45,690	46,020
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	12,495	6,175	6,320	90,390	45,100	45,295
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	10,635	5,200	5,435	79,875	39,685	40,190
Métis single ancestry	1,695	900	800	10,080	5,215	4,865
Inuit single ancestry	165	75	85	430	200	235
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	290	165	130	1,325	595	725
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	235	125	110	1,175	535	635
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	25	15	15	100	50	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	20	0	45	10	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	33,795	16,295	17,500	211,100	100,835	110,260
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	32,505	15,690	16,815	201,895	96,650	105,245
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	24,255	11,640	12,615	130,020	62,170	67,850
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	7,765	3,810	3,955	70,180	33,595	36,585
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	480	240	245	1,700	890	815
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	1,295	600	690	9,200	4,185	5,015
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,165	540	630	8,865	4,050	4,810
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	60	30	30	165	75	90
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	20	25	125	35	90
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	45	20	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	684,125	335,230	348,895	4,257,430	2,090,960	2,166,465
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	730,710	357,855	372,850	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	24,535	12,470	12,070	1,381,235	658,260	722,975
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	2,535	1,385	1,150	365,705	183,650	182,055
Chinese	3,925	1,970	1,955	508,480	237,805	270,670
Black	7,000	3,540	3,460	43,500	22,455	21,045
Filipino	1,980	835	1,145	145,025	62,505	82,520
Latin American	1,285	650	635	44,115	20,600	23,515
Arab	2,960	1,650	1,310	19,840	10,865	8,980
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	1,230	600	630	54,920	25,975	28,950
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	730	415	320	48,695	24,880	23,810
Korean	1,685	885	800	60,495	27,915	32,580
Japanese	230	70	160	41,230	17,435	23,800
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	305	135	175	8,760	4,280	4,485
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	675	345	330	40,465	19,900	20,565
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	706,170	345,385	360,785	3,179,005	1,579,230	1,599,775
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	730,705	357,860	372,850	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
North American Aboriginal origins	46,585	22,625	23,955	302,810	146,530	156,280
First Nations (North American Indian)	36,405	17,570	18,840	220,245	106,595	113,650
Inuit	830	420	410	2,615	1,280	1,340
Métis	10,960	5,435	5,530	90,515	43,460	47,050
Other North American origins	428,865	209,615	219,250	922,690	460,355	462,335
Acadian	29,505	14,455	15,060	3,940	1,960	1,980
American	7,175	3,575	3,605	78,170	37,765	40,405
Canadian	407,370	199,020	208,350	866,530	432,975	433,560
New Brunswicker	240	135	105	60	45	15
Newfoundlander	445	190	250	1,875	995	880
Nova Scotian	65	40	25	185	95	85
Ontarian	0	0	10	130	55	75
Québécois	770	410	365	1,830	945	880
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	20	20	0	405	175	230
European origins	424,850	206,715	218,135	2,857,080	1,408,510	1,448,575
British Isles origins	314,655	151,970	162,690	1,926,040	945,580	980,460
Channel Islander	125	45	85	455	230	220
Cornish	45	25	20	610	340	265
English	168,205	80,795	87,415	1,203,540	585,700	617,845
Irish	147,245	69,515	77,730	675,135	318,455	356,675
Manx	45	40	10	1,810	835	975
Scottish	134,455	64,400	70,055	860,775	417,080	443,700
Welsh	10,110	4,825	5,290	113,905	54,260	59,645
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	10,640	4,885	5,755	122,700	59,225	63,475
French origins	163,270	79,105	84,165	388,815	184,705	204,110
Alsatian	15	10	0	210	95	115
Breton	55	30	30	110	45	65
Corsican	0	0	0	105	40	65
French	163,245	79,090	84,155	388,580	184,595	203,980
Western European origins (except French origins)	49,825	24,100	25,725	839,860	411,165	428,695
Austrian	1,000	530	475	48,510	23,030	25,485
Bavarian	0	0	0	225	105	120
Belgian	1,470	650	815	19,980	9,615	10,360
Dutch	15,230	7,290	7,945	213,670	105,040	108,630
Flemish	100	65	40	2,215	1,145	1,075
Frisian	40	25	15	850	425	425
German	34,205	16,575	17,630	603,265	294,860	308,410
Luxembourger	0	10	0	695	340	355
Swiss	1,145	545	595	31,390	15,510	15,880
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	20	15	905	425	485
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	10,400	5,080	5,320	346,525	166,100	180,425
Danish	3,960	1,885	2,075	58,205	27,985	30,220
Finnish	465	235	225	34,150	16,285	17,870
Icelandic	250	135	115	26,410	12,860	13,545
Norwegian	3,330	1,650	1,680	138,430	66,870	71,565
Swedish	2,010	1,010	1,005	110,030	51,000	59,030
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	820	410	410	15,080	7,610	7,470
Eastern European origins	11,590	5,600	5,995	569,260	275,900	293,360
Bulgarian	155	60	100	4,015	1,875	2,140
Byelorussian	85	45	40	2,760	1,400	1,365
Czech	435	215	225	23,375	11,500	11,875
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	175	80	100	7,970	3,795	4,175
Estonian	100	35	60	4,840	2,250	2,590
Hungarian	1,280	615	665	56,535	27,450	29,090
Latvian	185	105	80	4,935	2,565	2,370
Lithuanian	325	165	160	7,225	3,465	3,755
Moldovan	35	20	15	1,085	510	580
Polish	3,445	1,670	1,780	149,635	71,605	78,030
Romanian	945	485	460	31,250	15,125	16,125
Russian	2,260	1,015	1,245	131,060	62,880	68,180
Slovak	250	130	125	11,220	5,440	5,780
Ukrainian	3,535	1,750	1,785	229,205	111,285	117,915
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	70	25	45	3,555	1,645	1,915
Southern European origins	13,450	6,560	6,890	334,740	164,780	169,960
Albanian	120	65	55	1,925	975	950
Bosnian	120	65	55	3,290	1,635	1,655
Catalan	10	10	0	120	85	30
Croatian	310	120	190	23,845	12,180	11,660
Cypriot	30	20	10	440	230	205
Greek	950	485	465	24,460	12,410	12,050
Italian	7,460	3,615	3,845	166,095	83,095	83,000
Kosovar	0	0	0	280	135	145
Macedonian	80	35	45	1,205	620	580
Maltese	115	45	65	2,645	1,350	1,295
Montenegrin	20	20	0	710	360	350
Portuguese	1,785	840	945	41,770	20,620	21,145
Serbian	130	90	35	12,895	6,625	6,270
Sicilian	15	10	0	545	295	255
Slovenian	130	60	60	5,555	2,725	2,825
Spanish	2,555	1,220	1,330	64,470	29,245	35,225
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	120	55	65	7,080	3,360	3,725
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	20	10	10	395	200	195
Other European origins	1,805	960	840	34,700	17,800	16,900
Basque	90	50	40	840	470	375
Jewish	785	410	375	17,580	8,950	8,635
Roma (Gypsy)	30	20	15	805	320	485
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	30	10	15	965	520	450
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	875	480	395	14,715	7,635	7,080
Caribbean origins	2,275	1,045	1,230	25,010	12,350	12,660
Antiguan	0	0	0	220	115	105
Bahamian	35	15	15	255	140	110
Barbadian	100	60	40	1,870	945	930
Bermudan	130	40	90	335	155	175
Carib	10	0	0	70	50	25
Cuban	235	135	100	1,320	615	700
Dominican	80	35	40	735	330	410
Grenadian	20	0	15	380	195	185
Guadeloupean	35	20	15	15	0	15
Haitian	305	140	160	1,140	530	615
Jamaican	750	350	395	10,545	5,425	5,120
Kittitian/Nevisian	10	10	0	130	70	55
Martinican	0	0	0	25	0	20
Montserratan	0	0	0	25	15	10
Puerto Rican	85	40	40	570	260	310
St. Lucian	15	10	10	190	85	110
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	70	75	4,170	2,085	2,085
Vincentian/Grenadinian	45	10	35	415	180	230
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	245	110	135	2,120	930	1,190
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	185	65	120	1,920	945	975
Latin, Central and South American origins	2,135	1,110	1,025	69,920	33,580	36,335
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	65	40	25	2,625	1,350	1,275
Arawak	0	0	0	90	45	45
Argentinian	30	10	20	2,025	910	1,120
Belizean	0	0	10	125	60	65
Bolivian	55	35	20	375	145	230
Brazilian	60	15	45	5,455	2,465	2,990
Chilean	95	40	55	5,700	2,740	2,955
Colombian	265	105	160	5,860	2,805	3,055
Costa Rican	30	15	15	810	385	425
Ecuadorian	30	20	10	1,040	490	550
Guatemalan	125	40	85	2,575	1,310	1,265
Guyanese	115	50	70	1,925	995	935
Hispanic	75	35	35	1,535	720	810
Honduran	50	20	25	1,445	750	695
Maya	90	45	45	930	475	455
Mexican	700	395	300	23,055	11,025	12,035
Nicaraguan	20	20	0	1,520	735	785
Panamanian	15	15	0	325	140	185
Paraguayan	0	0	0	895	475	420
Peruvian	90	45	45	3,905	1,775	2,135
Salvadorean	135	95	40	6,815	3,390	3,425
Uruguayan	10	0	0	410	205	205
Venezuelan	60	35	30	1,900	915	980
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	110	65	50	3,310	1,605	1,705
African origins	6,705	3,535	3,170	59,985	30,635	29,345
Central and West African origins	1,835	1,045	790	7,075	3,810	3,265
Akan	20	10	10	40	30	10
Angolan	25	10	10	90	55	35
Ashanti	0	0	0	85	30	50
Beninese	0	10	0	35	20	15
Burkinabe	75	50	30	45	30	15
Cameroonian	150	110	40	150	85	70
Chadian	0	0	0	70	50	25
Congolese	415	250	165	810	405	400
Edo	10	0	0	85	55	30
Ewe	0	0	0	55	25	30
Gabonese	15	10	0	10	0	10
Gambian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Ghanaian	90	55	35	1,600	865	730
Guinean	175	125	50	130	45	80
Ibo	80	55	25	280	160	115
Ivorian	60	30	30	100	55	50
Liberian	80	45	35	250	95	150
Malian	125	55	65	80	55	25
Malinké	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nigerian	230	115	115	2,615	1,430	1,185
Peulh	40	25	20	20	0	15
Senegalese	105	45	60	95	75	25
Sierra Leonean	20	0	20	130	60	65
Togolese	40	20	25	100	70	40
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	50	25	25	255	135	125
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	225	135	90	620	305	315
North African origins	1,200	705	495	9,840	5,210	4,630
Algerian	190	90	90	770	465	305
Berber	180	105	70	210	130	80
Coptic	0	0	0	150	90	65
Dinka	0	0	0	45	25	15
Egyptian	210	130	80	4,520	2,340	2,180
Libyan	185	85	100	420	275	140
Maure	0	0	0	150	60	90
Moroccan	365	255	115	2,005	1,105	895
Sudanese	15	10	10	1,225	535	695
Tunisian	140	80	60	500	290	215
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	15	10	10	215	115	105
Southern and East African origins	1,050	565	485	24,800	12,345	12,450
Afrikaner	0	0	0	705	355	355
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	30	25	0	255	140	120
Burundian	105	55	50	215	95	120
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	115	80	40	1,055	550	505
Ethiopian	180	105	70	2,550	1,280	1,270
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	0	1,615	775	845
Malagasy	60	20	35	105	65	40
Mauritian	0	10	0	975	520	450
Oromo	30	10	20	140	75	65
Rwandan	105	50	55	420	225	195
Seychellois	10	0	10	25	15	15
Somali	30	25	0	2,295	1,115	1,180
South African	225	95	130	11,060	5,510	5,550
Tanzanian	0	0	0	490	220	275
Tigrian	0	0	0	205	110	95
Ugandan	25	15	15	775	390	380
Zambian	25	10	15	210	95	110
Zimbabwean	60	30	30	855	445	405
Zulu	0	0	0	75	25	45
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	80	40	40	1,840	910	930
Other African origins	2,850	1,360	1,485	19,215	9,745	9,465
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	385	140	245	2,660	1,315	1,340
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	2,475	1,225	1,245	16,740	8,515	8,225
Asian origins	19,410	9,775	9,635	1,312,445	624,270	688,175
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	6,835	3,590	3,240	99,560	51,315	48,245
Afghan	25	10	20	7,895	4,005	3,885
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	590	300	295	5,660	3,125	2,540
Armenian	115	60	50	3,715	1,905	1,815
Assyrian	15	10	0	545	295	250
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	990	570	425
Georgian	10	10	10	740	380	355
Hazara	0	0	0	55	30	20
Iranian	665	365	305	47,985	24,290	23,695
Iraqi	105	50	55	5,575	2,860	2,715
Israeli	175	85	90	2,655	1,370	1,285
Jordanian	180	105	75	785	425	355
Kazakh	0	10	0	385	205	175
Kurd	80	45	30	2,120	1,165	950
Kuwaiti	0	0	0	125	85	40
Kyrgyz	0	0	0	175	90	85
Lebanese	2,825	1,435	1,395	7,980	4,175	3,805
Palestinian	75	40	30	2,625	1,410	1,210
Pashtun	20	10	10	360	200	160
Saudi Arabian	85	65	20	975	615	360
Syrian	1,685	865	825	3,955	1,905	2,055
Tajik	0	0	0	260	135	125
Tatar	25	10	15	790	365	425
Turk	235	150	85	6,355	3,485	2,865
Turkmen	10	15	0	120	70	55
Uighur	0	0	0	130	65	60
Uzbek	40	25	10	270	150	120
Yemeni	35	20	15	300	185	115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	50	35	15	2,635	1,340	1,295
South Asian origins	2,975	1,590	1,385	363,885	182,650	181,235
Bangladeshi	150	95	55	1,840	925	920
Bengali	50	40	10	850	405	445
Bhutanese	35	20	15	120	65	55
East Indian	2,150	1,105	1,045	309,315	154,795	154,520
Goan	0	0	0	485	245	240
Gujarati	0	0	0	700	335	365
Kashmiri	10	0	0	185	100	85
Nepali	160	75	90	1,495	690	805
Pakistani	255	160	100	12,585	6,565	6,015
Punjabi	45	35	15	38,725	19,700	19,025
Sinhalese	15	0	10	620	325	300
Sri Lankan	100	45	55	5,710	2,970	2,740
Tamil	25	15	10	1,235	670	560
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	85	50	35	8,245	4,070	4,170
East and Southeast Asian origins	9,640	4,610	5,030	855,345	393,475	461,875
Burmese	25	15	10	2,310	1,135	1,175
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	30	30	3,235	1,580	1,655
Chinese	4,480	2,230	2,250	540,155	253,065	287,090
Filipino	2,130	870	1,265	158,215	68,710	89,505
Hmong	0	0	0	130	70	60
Indonesian	100	30	65	6,625	3,115	3,510
Japanese	305	115	185	51,150	22,200	28,945
Karen	65	30	35	895	450	445
Korean	1,675	875	795	63,300	29,330	33,975
Laotian	0	10	0	2,530	1,275	1,255
Malaysian	30	15	15	5,060	2,260	2,800
Mongolian	45	30	15	1,495	740	760
Singaporean	10	10	0	1,055	490	560
Taiwanese	60	30	30	21,455	9,810	11,650
Thai	100	30	70	5,065	1,870	3,195
Tibetan	0	0	0	550	290	260
Vietnamese	885	450	435	41,435	20,205	21,230
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	10	0	10	785	310	470
Other Asian origins	110	70	45	2,500	1,250	1,250
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	115	65	45	2,500	1,250	1,255
Oceania origins	470	210	260	41,125	20,605	20,520
Australian	290	120	165	16,240	8,385	7,855
New Zealander	135	70	70	6,565	3,405	3,155
Pacific Islands origins	55	30	20	19,135	9,240	9,890
Fijian	0	0	0	14,145	6,895	7,250
Hawaiian	30	10	15	2,200	970	1,235
Maori	10	10	0	1,120	595	530
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	10	0	10	600	275	325
Samoan	0	0	0	485	255	230
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	10	10	0	905	440	465
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	319,770	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Owner	238,040	...	...	1,279,020	...	...
Renter	79,865	...	...	599,360	...	...
Band housing	1,865	...	...	3,590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	319,770	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Condominium	10,580	...	...	416,770	...	...
Not condominium	309,195	...	...	1,465,200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	319,775	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
No bedrooms	680	...	...	22,705	...	...
1 bedroom	28,370	...	...	311,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	88,115	...	...	514,015	...	...
3 bedrooms	125,865	...	...	513,135	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	76,745	...	...	521,075	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	319,770	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	66,540	...	...	642,910	...	...
5 rooms	56,365	...	...	274,780	...	...
6 rooms	54,070	...	...	235,845	...	...
7 rooms	45,825	...	...	199,715	...	...
8 or more rooms	96,970	...	...	528,720	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	319,770	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One person or fewer per room	318,195	...	...	1,839,850	...	...
More than 1 person per room	1,575	...	...	42,120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	319,770	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Suitable	312,370	...	...	1,781,905	...	...
Not suitable	7,405	...	...	100,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	319,770	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1960 or before	76,690	...	...	267,560	...	...
1961 to 1980	98,720	...	...	559,485	...	...
1981 to 1990	45,630	...	...	289,565	...	...
1991 to 2000	39,825	...	...	331,865	...	...
2001 to 2005	19,090	...	...	125,335	...	...
2006 to 2010	22,530	...	...	171,945	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	17,290	...	...	136,210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	319,770	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	293,155	...	...	1,763,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	26,625	...	...	118,865	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	319,770	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 household maintainer	195,585	...	...	1,091,500	...	...
2 household maintainers	120,195	...	...	725,675	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	3,995	...	...	64,790	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	319,775	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
15 to 24 years	10,375	...	...	58,620	...	...
25 to 34 years	38,585	...	...	253,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	50,050	...	...	304,185	...	...
45 to 54 years	61,860	...	...	378,545	...	...
55 to 64 years	68,145	...	...	390,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	53,435	...	...	288,165	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,655	...	...	152,225	...	...
85 years and over	9,675	...	...	56,085	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	314,325	...	...	1,832,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	261,385	...	...	1,320,210	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	52,935	...	...	512,210	...	...
30% to less than 100%	47,190	...	...	420,705	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	235,950	...	...	1,242,600	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	55.9	...	...	58.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	10.3	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	741	...	...	1,149	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	876	...	...	1,387	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	150,010	...	...	500,874	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	170,071	...	...	720,689	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	79,370	...	...	592,825	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	14.4	...	...	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.5	...	...	43.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	704	...	...	1,036	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	741	...	...	1,149	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	620,395	301,650	318,745	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	136,745	71,600	65,140	601,640	305,320	296,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	176,750	85,345	91,405	1,138,565	549,580	588,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	306,895	144,700	162,200	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	56,595	39,965	16,630	338,980	250,270	88,720
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	29,630	17,320	12,315	142,935	83,055	59,880
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	26,965	22,645	4,320	196,045	167,210	28,840
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	135,065	56,055	79,005	700,945	280,300	420,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,610	3,995	7,620	138,010	54,420	83,585
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	103,630	44,685	58,945	952,240	442,880	509,360
Bachelor's degree	73,330	30,165	43,165	622,670	281,020	341,655
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,735	2,795	3,935	69,005	28,575	40,430
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,755	1,600	1,160	29,110	16,690	12,420
Master's degree	17,745	8,170	9,585	195,825	94,360	101,465
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,065	1,955	1,110	35,625	22,240	13,390
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	400,785	194,715	206,070	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,940
No certificate, diploma or degree	55,645	32,390	23,260	244,000	134,410	109,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	114,330	56,430	57,895	671,010	330,835	340,175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	230,810	105,890	124,915	1,617,965	761,790	856,175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	37,710	26,335	11,375	231,445	172,290	59,155
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	19,900	11,430	8,475	97,350	56,920	40,435
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	17,805	14,905	2,900	134,095	115,370	18,725
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	104,595	43,695	60,900	528,805	210,880	317,925
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,685	2,660	5,020	99,695	39,205	60,490
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	80,825	33,195	47,625	758,015	339,415	418,605
Bachelor's degree	57,560	23,115	34,450	497,845	219,005	278,840
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,160	1,920	3,240	52,955	20,995	31,965
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,190	1,110	1,080	22,440	11,665	10,775
Master's degree	13,730	5,770	7,960	159,740	73,335	86,405
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	2,190	1,285	905	25,030	14,420	10,615
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	620,395	301,645	318,745	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	313,495	156,945	156,545	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Education	25,570	6,725	18,845	144,100	34,915	109,185
13. Education	25,565	6,720	18,845	144,100	34,910	109,185
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,140	2,800	3,335	98,735	44,465	54,275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,155	905	250	16,970	12,880	4,090
50. Visual and performing arts	4,990	1,900	3,085	81,765	31,580	50,185
Humanities	12,430	5,245	7,190	124,600	49,025	75,575
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,040	255	785	15,235	3,675	11,555
23. English language and literature/letters	2,395	715	1,675	34,710	10,845	23,865
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,055	1,065	1,990	35,720	13,670	22,050
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	55	20	35	585	210	375
38. Philosophy and religious studies	725	455	270	6,710	4,050	2,660
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,150	1,325	825	12,275	7,400	4,880
54. History	2,190	1,185	1,005	15,780	8,475	7,300
55. French language and literature/letters	830	220	605	3,580	705	2,880
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,780	6,945	16,835	245,990	87,960	158,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	190	35	155	4,120	1,060	3,060
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,725	710	1,015	23,180	8,505	14,680
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,015	305	5,710	38,070	3,285	34,785
22. Legal professions and studies	3,935	1,325	2,615	38,505	13,545	24,955
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	420	95	325	4,325	1,345	2,985
42. Psychology	5,075	1,355	3,725	43,230	12,480	30,750
45. Social sciences	6,420	3,120	3,300	94,560	47,755	46,810
Business, management and public administration	67,605	19,470	48,135	426,460	166,470	259,990
30.16 Accounting and computer science	230	35	190	775	215	560
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,670	1,010	4,660	26,520	5,960	20,565
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	61,705	18,425	43,285	399,160	160,295	238,865
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,625	3,930	3,700	86,425	46,070	40,355
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,320	1,525	1,800	36,760	16,800	19,960
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,845	825	1,025	19,025	9,400	9,620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	130	30	100	835	225	610
40. Physical sciences	1,720	1,265	455	26,370	18,395	7,975
41. Science technologies/technicians	610	285	325	3,440	1,255	2,185
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,275	7,185	4,095	80,070	51,490	28,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,975	6,640	3,335	62,795	43,900	18,890
25. Library science	620	95	525	5,560	755	4,805
27. Mathematics and statistics	620	395	225	10,875	6,295	4,580
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	55	45	10	835	540	300
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	70,800	67,070	3,735	427,670	388,335	39,340
04. Architecture and related services	500	365	140	15,490	9,985	5,505
14. Engineering	8,020	7,015	1,010	98,455	81,055	17,395
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,010	11,575	1,430	68,500	60,490	8,010
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	90	25	65
46. Construction trades	18,910	18,555	350	100,765	97,615	3,150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20,075	19,570	505	97,720	94,520	3,200
48. Precision production	10,290	9,985	300	46,660	44,650	2,015
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	6,370	4,715	1,650	50,210	31,680	18,525
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,970	1,840	1,130	24,950	13,670	11,275
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,395	2,875	520	25,260	18,010	7,250
Health and related fields	49,795	7,490	42,305	322,715	65,735	256,975
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,770	1,325	1,445	23,740	11,920	11,820
51. Health professions and related programs	46,160	5,600	40,550	290,645	48,985	241,655
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	870	565	305	8,330	4,835	3,495
Personal, protective and transportation services	25,460	13,110	12,355	122,855	61,605	61,250
12. Personal and culinary services	13,835	2,735	11,095	79,740	24,860	54,885
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	95	10	320	290	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	390	355	40	1,235	1,120	115
43. Security and protective services	4,665	3,795	875	13,935	10,390	3,545
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,465	6,135	325	27,620	24,945	2,680
Other	50	25	25	355	115	240
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	45	25	20	350	115	240
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	400,780	194,710	206,070	2,532,980	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	169,970	88,820	81,150	915,015	465,250	449,765
Education	16,350	3,830	12,520	96,005	21,035	74,970
13. Education	16,350	3,835	12,515	96,010	21,035	74,975
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,690	2,140	2,550	77,655	34,430	43,225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	830	630	200	12,710	9,580	3,130
50. Visual and performing arts	3,860	1,510	2,350	64,940	24,845	40,090
Humanities	8,810	3,450	5,360	93,605	35,490	58,115
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	820	195	625	11,710	2,510	9,195
23. English language and literature/letters	1,725	490	1,235	25,665	7,810	17,850
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,125	650	1,475	28,260	10,505	17,750
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	10	30	425	170	255
38. Philosophy and religious studies	500	295	215	4,970	2,960	2,010
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,460	860	595	8,330	4,945	3,385
54. History	1,630	855	775	11,805	6,140	5,665
55. French language and literature/letters	520	100	420	2,445	455	2,000
Social and behavioural sciences and law	18,970	5,210	13,760	196,450	67,000	129,450
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135	20	115	3,460	845	2,615
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,500	630	870	19,685	6,940	12,750
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,685	235	4,450	29,855	2,505	27,350
22. Legal professions and studies	3,280	940	2,340	31,190	9,665	21,525
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	335	70	260	3,540	1,110	2,425
42. Psychology	4,015	980	3,035	33,055	8,845	24,210
45. Social sciences	5,015	2,330	2,680	75,665	37,095	38,575
Business, management and public administration	52,915	15,055	37,860	335,220	128,975	206,245
30.16 Accounting and computer science	215	40	175	540	170	365
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,505	735	3,770	20,695	4,240	16,455
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	48,190	14,280	33,915	313,985	124,565	189,425
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,620	2,710	2,905	63,705	32,325	31,385
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,580	1,135	1,445	28,505	12,595	15,915
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,275	540	730	13,825	6,570	7,260
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	110	20	95	645	160	485
40. Physical sciences	1,185	820	370	18,525	12,250	6,270
41. Science technologies/technicians	465	195	270	2,210	750	1,460
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	9,710	6,285	3,425	68,660	44,820	23,840
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,815	5,910	2,905	56,390	39,660	16,725
25. Library science	415	70	345	3,830	545	3,290
27. Mathematics and statistics	430	265	170	7,760	4,185	3,570
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	55	50	0	680	430	250
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	51,150	47,940	3,210	310,855	277,375	33,475
04. Architecture and related services	395	270	120	12,110	7,240	4,875
14. Engineering	6,230	5,295	935	76,935	61,380	15,560
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	10,405	9,135	1,270	48,690	42,285	6,405
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	20	45
46. Construction trades	13,110	12,825	290	72,800	70,225	2,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	14,025	13,635	395	69,025	66,545	2,480
48. Precision production	6,980	6,770	210	31,225	29,690	1,535
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,010	3,575	1,430	39,360	23,810	15,555
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	2,355	1,395	960	18,965	9,875	9,090
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,655	2,185	470	20,395	13,930	6,470
Health and related fields	38,135	5,850	32,285	244,975	50,520	194,460
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,145	1,060	1,085	18,900	9,380	9,520
51. Health professions and related programs	35,295	4,385	30,905	219,800	37,800	182,000
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	695	405	285	6,285	3,340	2,940
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,415	9,810	9,600	91,185	45,925	45,265
12. Personal and culinary services	10,520	1,945	8,575	58,820	18,880	39,945
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	95	85	10	195	165	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	220	190	35	570	505	65
43. Security and protective services	3,460	2,760	705	11,175	8,110	3,060
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,115	4,835	285	20,430	18,265	2,165
Other	45	25	20	275	85	185
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	25	15	270	85	185
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	620,390	301,650	318,745	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	313,495	156,945	156,545	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	306,900	144,700	162,200	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,305
Location of study inside Canada	290,645	136,490	154,155	1,625,550	785,340	840,205
Same as province or territory of residence	229,835	106,610	123,230	1,243,905	593,275	650,635
Different than province or territory of residence	60,810	29,880	30,925	381,645	192,070	189,575
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	16,255	8,205	8,050	504,630	242,530	262,100
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,360	2,675	2,685	74,030	40,425	33,610
Philippines	920	285	635	56,845	20,455	36,395
India	460	230	230	44,115	22,045	22,065
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,995	1,175	815	58,825	31,920	26,910
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,105	550	555	61,840	27,630	34,210
France	660	370	290	4,385	2,360	2,025
Other	5,755	2,920	2,835	204,580	97,700	106,885
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	400,785	194,715	206,070	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	169,970	88,815	81,155	915,015	465,250	449,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	230,815	105,895	124,920	1,617,960	761,790	856,170
Location of study inside Canada	218,710	100,175	118,535	1,239,640	589,155	650,490
Same as province or territory of residence	172,760	78,520	94,240	970,485	454,780	515,700
Different than province or territory of residence	45,950	21,660	24,295	269,155	134,375	134,785
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	12,105	5,715	6,380	378,325	172,640	205,685
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	3,460	1,555	1,905	50,095	26,175	23,920
Philippines	875	260	615	48,935	17,385	31,555
India	345	160	180	36,800	17,455	19,345
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	1,070	575	490	32,890	17,360	15,530
China^{Census data footnote 162}	1,025	475	550	53,570	23,445	30,125
France	525	300	225	3,505	1,885	1,615
Other	4,800	2,390	2,415	152,530	68,935	83,595
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	620,390	301,650	318,745	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,610
In the labour force	381,790	197,005	184,790	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Employed	339,045	170,050	168,995	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Unemployed	42,745	26,950	15,795	165,975	91,385	74,590
Not in the labour force	238,600	104,645	133,955	1,398,710	596,935	801,775
Participation rate	61.5	65.3	58.0	63.9	68.3	59.7
Employment rate	54.7	56.4	53.0	59.6	63.4	55.9
Unemployment rate	11.2	13.7	8.5	6.7	7.1	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	620,390	301,645	318,745	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	217,930	94,105	123,825	1,290,235	547,350	742,885
Worked	402,465	207,540	194,920	2,580,140	1,335,420	1,244,720
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	201,230	106,785	94,450	1,183,405	675,950	507,460
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	201,225	100,760	100,475	1,396,735	659,470	737,260
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	40.6	41.5	41.8	42.4	41.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	381,795	197,000	184,790	2,471,670	1,285,840	1,185,835
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	43,805	21,245	22,555
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,210	181,260	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,275
Employee	342,685	173,560	169,125	2,084,470	1,054,630	1,029,840
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	31,785	19,655	12,130	343,395	209,955	133,430
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	381,790	197,005	184,790	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	43,805	21,245	22,560
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,215	181,255	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,270
0 Management occupations	34,015	20,605	13,415	275,000	168,820	106,180
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	52,695	14,200	38,495	368,940	106,205	262,740
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20,705	16,300	4,405	161,520	127,060	34,460
3 Health occupations	30,730	4,870	25,865	162,865	35,775	127,095
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	45,640	15,355	30,285	269,255	87,765	181,485
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,610	2,925	3,685	93,100	44,855	48,245
6 Sales and service occupations	91,035	36,535	54,505	595,225	251,490	343,735
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	59,925	57,015	2,910	360,970	339,660	21,315
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	14,485	12,280	2,205	64,235	47,530	16,700
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,620	13,130	5,495	76,745	55,430	21,315
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	381,795	197,000	184,790	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	7,320	3,790	3,530	43,805	21,250	22,555
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	374,470	193,210	181,260	2,427,865	1,264,590	1,163,270
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	15,135	12,025	3,115	65,205	42,840	22,360
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,345	3,765	580	25,920	21,810	4,115
22 Utilities	3,350	2,615	735	12,445	8,915	3,535
23 Construction	27,795	25,195	2,595	199,985	175,195	24,790
31-33 Manufacturing	32,405	23,215	9,195	157,560	113,945	43,615
41 Wholesale trade	11,170	8,180	2,990	82,105	55,530	26,580
44-45 Retail trade	46,180	21,220	24,950	283,135	129,985	153,150
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	17,680	13,295	4,390	128,400	98,580	29,815
51 Information and cultural industries	6,615	3,700	2,915	67,225	41,065	26,155
52 Finance and insurance	12,415	4,090	8,325	93,805	38,430	55,380
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,830	2,245	1,585	54,995	29,515	25,475
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	17,240	9,485	7,750	196,670	107,680	88,990
55 Management of companies and enterprises	345	145	195	4,320	1,975	2,345
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	18,530	10,060	8,475	109,095	62,325	46,775
61 Educational services	26,090	8,180	17,905	173,820	56,455	117,365
62 Health care and social assistance	51,380	7,955	43,430	270,855	52,320	218,530
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,950	3,065	2,885	57,940	29,050	28,895
72 Accommodation and food services	24,825	8,460	16,365	207,045	86,555	120,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	17,105	8,365	8,745	112,335	47,960	64,375
91 Public administration	32,090	17,960	14,135	125,000	64,450	60,545
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	339,045	170,050	168,995	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Worked at home	19,445	9,485	9,955	196,510	95,515	100,990
Worked outside Canada	1,315	885	430	16,040	11,285	4,760
No fixed workplace address	37,925	28,630	9,300	326,180	243,130	83,050
Worked at usual place	280,360	131,055	149,310	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	280,360	131,055	149,310	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	127,230	57,560	69,670	864,410	382,105	482,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	97,230	44,565	52,665	807,840	405,435	402,400
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	50,560	25,155	25,410	81,750	47,820	33,930
Commute to a different province or territory	5,345	3,775	1,565	12,965	9,160	3,805
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	318,285	159,680	158,605	2,093,145	1,087,655	1,005,490
Car, truck, van - as a driver	266,035	135,575	130,460	1,475,585	803,485	672,095
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	24,455	9,855	14,600	114,580	49,075	65,500
Public transit	7,290	3,600	3,690	274,205	117,830	156,375
Walked	14,650	6,900	7,755	142,310	62,395	79,920
Bicycle	1,210	800	405	51,350	32,665	18,680
Other method	4,645	2,950	1,695	35,115	22,195	12,915
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	318,290	159,680	158,605	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Less than 15 minutes	135,690	63,885	71,810	601,950	276,005	325,950
15 to 29 minutes	118,075	58,505	59,570	689,520	353,590	335,925
30 to 44 minutes	39,230	21,385	17,845	425,680	237,995	187,685
45 to 59 minutes	12,945	7,275	5,670	184,690	104,220	80,465
60 minutes and over	12,345	8,635	3,710	191,305	115,840	75,470
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	318,285	159,680	158,605	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	17,850	12,755	5,100	142,370	101,315	41,050
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	51,825	30,905	20,925	342,500	214,795	127,700
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	112,460	55,470	56,990	526,485	271,110	255,375
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	64,235	25,835	38,400	470,210	202,910	267,295
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	25,595	9,415	16,180	292,185	125,470	166,715
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	46,320	25,300	21,020	319,400	172,045	147,355
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	413,695	212,875	200,820	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
Single responses	395,120	204,270	190,850	2,622,495	1,354,780	1,267,710
Official languages	394,015	203,660	190,355	2,537,990	1,309,980	1,228,015
English	304,775	160,255	144,515	2,531,850	1,308,325	1,223,530
French	89,240	43,400	45,840	6,140	1,660	4,485
Non-official languages	1,105	615	490	84,500	44,805	39,705
Aboriginal languages	255	140	115	260	75	180
Algonquian languages	250	135	110	15	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	255	135	110	0	0	0
Malecite	15	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	240	135	110	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	20	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	110	30	85
Comox	0	0	0	10	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15	0	15
Lillooet	0	0	0	15	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	20	0	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	30	10	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	15	0	10
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	15	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Haisla	0	0	0	10	0	10
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	855	475	380	84,245	44,730	39,520
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	105	50	440	295	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	105	55	435	295	135
Amharic	0	0	0	15	15	0
Arabic	140	100	45	320	235	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	25	20	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	10	75	30	50
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	2,505	1,165	1,345
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	45	30	20
Vietnamese	45	20	20	2,460	1,140	1,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	825	385	440
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	20	0	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	15	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	65	35	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	10	695	320	375
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	30	15	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	30	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	170	95	80	23,765	13,305	10,460
Albanian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Armenian	10	10	10	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	950	440	510
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	935	435	500
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	30	10	25
Czech	0	0	0	40	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	10
Polish	0	0	0	115	50	70
Russian	25	10	15	565	255	315
Serbian	0	0	0	95	55	40
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	40	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	805	465	335
Afrikaans	0	0	0	15	10	0
Danish	0	0	0	15	15	0
Dutch	0	0	0	120	70	45
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	25	10	15	590	330	260
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	10
Swedish	0	0	0	25	20	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	10	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	55	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages	40	30	10	19,805	11,280	8,535
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	18,715	10,560	8,160
Bengali	0	0	0	15	15	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	35	15	25
Hindi	0	0	0	300	185	110
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,295	10,310	7,985
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	45	25	25
Iranian languages	35	25	10	1,085	720	365
Kurdish	15	15	0	25	25	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	15	10	1,060	700	360
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	35	25	2,140	1,085	1,060
Catalan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italian	0	0	0	110	50	60
Portuguese	0	0	0	515	255	260
Romanian	0	0	0	70	45	25
Spanish	65	35	30	1,435	725	710
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	1,730	650	1,080
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Korean	60	35	25	5,585	3,005	2,585
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	10	280	90	190
American Sign Language	10	10	10	215	45	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	20	20	0	70	45	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	185	175	48,735	25,645	23,085
Chinese languages	360	185	175	48,645	25,595	23,055
Cantonese	35	15	25	23,555	12,020	11,535
Hakka	0	0	0	15	0	10
Mandarin	295	150	150	23,835	12,935	10,900
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	210	120	85
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	50	25	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	25	10	985	485	500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	85	50	30
Burmese	0	0	0	25	15	15
Karenic languages	0	0	0	55	35	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	170	65	110
Lao	0	0	0	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	165	65	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	65	50	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	10	0
Turkish	0	10	0	55	40	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	45	20	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	25	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	20
Multiple responses	18,575	8,605	9,970	48,205	23,795	24,410
English and French	18,045	8,350	9,695	4,210	1,865	2,345
English and non-official language	475	240	235	43,480	21,760	21,720
French and non-official language	10	0	10	55	30	25
English, French and non-official language	45	15	35	465	145	320
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	413,690	212,875	200,820	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
None	322,045	167,900	154,150	2,498,070	1,293,650	1,204,420
English	44,925	21,560	23,360	36,505	18,270	18,235
French	44,415	22,175	22,240	22,465	10,170	12,300
Non-official language	2,090	1,115	975	110,375	54,925	55,455
Aboriginal	615	285	330	1,860	630	1,225
Non-Aboriginal	1,475	830	645	108,515	54,295	54,225
English and French	0	0	0	60	40	15
English and non-official language	55	20	35	1,155	545	610
French and non-official language	160	95	65	2,070	980	1,090
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	724,030	354,435	369,600	4,516,810	2,215,515	2,301,295
Non-movers	641,310	314,280	327,020	3,811,375	1,868,420	1,942,945
Movers	82,720	40,150	42,570	705,440	347,095	358,345
Non-migrants	45,630	21,830	23,800	386,620	189,765	196,855
Migrants	37,090	18,320	18,765	318,825	157,335	161,490
Internal migrants	32,585	15,995	16,585	249,960	123,425	126,540
Intraprovincial migrants	21,995	10,555	11,445	188,225	92,150	96,070
Interprovincial migrants	10,585	5,445	5,140	61,740	31,275	30,465
External migrants	4,505	2,320	2,185	68,860	33,910	34,950
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	696,160	340,310	355,845	4,339,960	2,124,780	2,215,180
Non-movers	480,830	237,150	243,685	2,490,535	1,220,635	1,269,905
Movers	215,325	103,155	112,165	1,849,425	904,145	945,275
Non-migrants	113,835	53,935	59,900	940,895	460,185	480,710
Migrants	101,490	49,215	52,275	908,535	443,965	464,570
Internal migrants	89,980	43,165	46,815	672,805	329,700	343,105
Intraprovincial migrants	60,645	28,475	32,165	503,685	245,895	257,795
Interprovincial migrants	29,335	14,685	14,650	169,115	83,805	85,310
External migrants	11,510	6,050	5,455	235,730	114,265	121,465

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. New Brunswick [Province] and British Columbia [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 13, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and British Columbia [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census New Brunswick [Province] and British Columbia [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
New Brunswick [Province] and British Columbia [Province]