Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Newfoundland and Labrador [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Quebec [Province]			Newfoundland and Labrador [Province]
	Data quality , Quebec [Province] Map : Quebec [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Newfoundland and Labrador [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	8,164,361	...	...	519,716	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	7,903,001	...	...	514,536	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	3.3	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	3,858,943	...	...	265,739	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	3,531,663	...	...	218,673	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.0	...	...	1.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,356,625.27	...	...	370,514.08	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	8,164,360	4,016,760	4,147,605	519,715	253,930	265,790
0 to 14 years	1,333,260	682,535	650,720	74,440	38,200	36,240
0 to 4 years	444,930	227,965	216,970	22,365	11,430	10,930
5 to 9 years	469,165	240,225	228,940	26,040	13,430	12,605
10 to 14 years	419,160	214,345	204,815	26,035	13,340	12,700
15 to 64 years	5,335,910	2,664,630	2,671,280	344,245	168,555	175,695
15 to 19 years	429,825	219,070	210,755	27,255	13,980	13,275
20 to 24 years	500,100	252,600	247,500	27,700	13,915	13,785
25 to 29 years	495,410	248,030	247,380	28,245	14,095	14,150
30 to 34 years	515,505	256,440	259,070	29,405	14,185	15,215
35 to 39 years	550,540	274,595	275,945	30,740	14,555	16,185
40 to 44 years	506,525	254,100	252,425	34,505	16,745	17,765
45 to 49 years	519,425	260,410	259,015	38,665	18,740	19,920
50 to 54 years	619,435	309,070	310,370	42,620	20,730	21,890
55 to 59 years	636,475	314,190	322,285	43,080	21,035	22,045
60 to 64 years	562,670	276,140	286,535	42,025	20,570	21,460
65 years and over	1,495,195	669,590	825,605	101,025	47,170	53,855
65 to 69 years	488,175	236,395	251,775	37,485	18,310	19,180
70 to 74 years	373,590	176,905	196,690	26,170	12,720	13,445
75 to 79 years	256,905	116,020	140,890	16,950	8,015	8,935
80 to 84 years	187,835	78,390	109,450	11,060	4,885	6,175
85 years and over	188,685	61,885	126,805	9,360	3,245	6,125
85 to 89 years	120,635	43,795	76,840	6,175	2,300	3,875
90 to 94 years	53,165	15,155	38,015	2,485	790	1,695
95 to 99 years	13,035	2,685	10,350	610	140	475
100 years and over	1,850	255	1,600	90	20	75
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.0	15.7	14.3	15.0	13.6
15 to 64 years	65.4	66.3	64.4	66.2	66.4	66.1
65 years and over	18.3	16.7	19.9	19.4	18.6	20.3
85 years and over	2.3	1.5	3.1	1.8	1.3	2.3
Average age of the population	41.9	40.9	42.9	43.7	42.9	44.4
Median age of the population	42.5	41.4	43.6	46.0	45.4	46.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	3,531,660	...	...	218,675	...	...
Single-detached house	1,602,680	...	...	160,245	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	187,800	...	...	750	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	1,717,680	...	...	56,245	...	...
Semi-detached house	188,245	...	...	8,545	...	...
Row house	93,350	...	...	10,390	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	265,195	...	...	25,235	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,154,955	...	...	11,645	...	...
Other single-attached house	15,940	...	...	435	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	23,505	...	...	1,430	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	3,531,665	...	...	218,675	...	...
1 person	1,175,230	...	...	53,755	...	...
2 persons	1,227,765	...	...	88,715	...	...
3 persons	489,460	...	...	37,700	...	...
4 persons	426,250	...	...	28,270	...	...
5 or more persons	212,960	...	...	10,235	...	...
Number of persons in private households	7,965,455	...	...	512,255	...	...
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	6,831,105	3,334,220	3,496,885	445,275	215,720	229,550
Married or living common law	3,844,145	1,924,750	1,919,395	277,300	138,640	138,660
Married	2,342,980	1,172,720	1,170,260	230,815	115,460	115,355
Living common law	1,501,160	752,025	749,135	46,485	23,180	23,305
Not married and not living common law	2,986,960	1,409,475	1,577,490	167,980	77,085	90,895
Never married	2,010,580	1,084,300	926,280	107,650	57,545	50,105
Separated	103,625	46,390	57,240	8,570	3,760	4,815
Divorced	483,195	194,430	288,760	22,225	9,535	12,685
Widowed	389,555	84,345	305,210	29,530	6,245	23,285
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	2,257,560	...	...	161,010	...	...
2 persons	1,204,955	...	...	91,965	...	...
3 persons	466,310	...	...	36,220	...	...
4 persons	412,160	...	...	26,060	...	...
5 or more persons	174,140	...	...	6,760	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	2,257,560	...	...	161,010	...	...
Total couple families	1,878,095	...	...	136,755	...	...
Married couples	1,128,355	...	...	113,520	...	...
Common-law couples	749,740	...	...	23,235	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	379,460	...	...	24,250	...	...
Female parent	284,900	...	...	19,295	...	...
Male parent	94,565	...	...	4,960	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,878,095	...	...	136,760	...	...
Couples without children	970,260	...	...	76,080	...	...
Couples with children	907,840	...	...	60,675	...	...
1 child	356,640	...	...	29,785	...	...
2 children	384,875	...	...	24,525	...	...
3 or more children	166,315	...	...	6,365	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	379,465	...	...	24,250	...	...
1 child	234,695	...	...	15,885	...	...
2 children	109,670	...	...	6,445	...	...
3 or more children	35,100	...	...	1,925	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,579,070	775,765	803,305	80,020	36,715	43,315
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	3,531,660	...	...	218,675	...	...
One-census-family households	2,197,340	...	...	154,090	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	947,305	...	...	73,210	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	1,250,040	...	...	80,880	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	29,595	...	...	3,430	...	...
Non-census-family households	1,304,725	...	...	61,155	...	...
One-person households	1,175,230	...	...	53,750	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	129,500	...	...	7,405	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	8,066,560	3,977,275	4,089,285	515,680	252,315	263,370
English only	372,445	187,595	184,860	488,800	241,310	247,490
French only	4,032,640	1,874,545	2,158,095	120	60	60
English and French	3,586,410	1,884,135	1,702,275	25,940	10,580	15,365
Neither English nor French	75,065	31,000	44,060	820	365	455
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285	515,680	252,315	263,365
English	964,120	482,985	481,135	512,350	250,610	261,740
French	6,750,945	3,320,380	3,430,560	2,255	1,205	1,050
English and French	278,710	144,060	134,655	350	180	165
Neither English nor French	72,775	29,845	42,930	725	315	410
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	1,103,480	555,015	548,465	2,425	1,295	1,135
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	13.7	14.0	13.4	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	8,066,555	3,977,270	4,089,285	515,680	252,310	263,370
Single responses	7,881,650	3,884,675	3,996,975	513,980	251,490	262,495
Official languages	6,820,815	3,366,970	3,453,845	502,060	245,305	256,760
English	601,155	301,860	299,300	499,710	244,065	255,645
French	6,219,665	3,065,115	3,154,550	2,350	1,240	1,115
Non-official languages	1,060,830	517,700	543,125	11,920	6,190	5,735
Aboriginal languages	45,570	22,530	23,040	2,620	1,270	1,350
Algonquian languages	33,140	16,365	16,770	2,130	1,030	1,100
Blackfoot	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	31,430	15,575	15,855	2,120	1,025	1,095
Atikamekw	6,150	3,135	3,015	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	8,715	4,155	4,555	1,505	725	780
Moose Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	590	285	305	605	295	310
Northern East Cree	135	55	80	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	5	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	35	15	15	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15,790	7,920	7,875	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	485	225	260	5	0	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	485	220	260	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,215	565	645	5	5	0
Algonquin	1,185	555	630	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	10	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	5	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	5	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	11,970	5,955	6,015	490	235	255
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	11,895	5,925	5,970	435	205	230
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	75	25	45	50	30	20
Iroquoian languages	375	165	210	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	365	160	210	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	65	30	35	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,015,260	495,175	520,090	9,300	4,920	4,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	197,535	104,185	93,355	1,295	730	565
Berber languages	20,845	11,125	9,720	0	5	0
Kabyle	12,470	6,625	5,840	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	8,375	4,500	3,875	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,125	545	580	45	20	20
Bilen	10	10	5	10	5	5
Oromo	15	10	5	35	15	15
Somali	1,075	515	560	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0	5	0
Semitic languages	175,215	92,310	82,900	1,245	700	545
Amharic	745	340	405	25	10	15
Arabic	169,890	89,590	80,300	1,140	645	490
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	150	80	70	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	0	0	0
Harari	0	5	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,885	2,040	1,845	5	5	0
Maltese	25	10	15	5	5	0
Tigrigna	385	185	205	65	30	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	110	60	50	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	355	200	155	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	36,305	17,030	19,275	60	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	8,855	4,105	4,750	5	0	5
Vietnamese	27,425	12,920	14,505	55	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	21,635	7,800	13,835	1,120	475	645
Bikol	115	35	80	5	5	0
Cebuano	885	270	610	60	15	40
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	410	125	275	5	5	5
Ilocano	2,060	745	1,315	25	10	15
Malagasy	1,250	590	660	0	5	0
Malay	705	265	440	25	15	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	205	90	110	10	10	5
Pangasinan	95	40	50	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15,545	5,480	10,065	970	415	560
Waray-Waray	50	10	40	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	320	140	180	10	5	5
Creole languages	56,990	25,220	31,770	35	20	15
Haitian Creole	2,220	1,055	1,170	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	53,785	23,675	30,110	25	10	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	980	490	490	15	5	5
Dravidian languages	14,865	7,435	7,430	275	150	120
Kannada	240	130	110	15	5	10
Malayalam	440	235	205	100	55	45
Tamil	13,600	6,715	6,880	115	70	45
Telugu	570	345	230	50	25	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	25	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	553,045	269,625	283,420	4,020	2,265	1,760
Albanian	2,795	1,420	1,370	85	45	40
Armenian	16,430	7,970	8,460	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	68,155	30,960	37,195	585	310	275
Baltic languages	850	335	515	10	10	5
Latvian	290	120	175	10	10	5
Lithuanian	555	215	340	0	0	0
Slavic languages	67,310	30,630	36,675	575	300	270
Belarusan	80	45	35	0	5	0
Bosnian	1,620	805	815	15	10	5
Bulgarian	6,985	3,385	3,600	65	35	30
Croatian	2,330	1,165	1,170	30	20	15
Czech	1,465	690	775	35	20	15
Macedonian	205	105	95	5	5	5
Polish	13,935	6,065	7,865	105	55	50
Russian	28,565	12,715	15,850	220	120	100
Serbian	3,140	1,590	1,545	30	15	15
Serbo-Croatian	1,805	865	940	10	5	5
Slovak	1,040	455	585	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	755	350	405	10	5	5
Ukrainian	5,210	2,285	2,920	40	15	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	175	90	85	0	5	0
Celtic languages	155	95	60	20	10	5
Scottish Gaelic	20	15	10	10	10	0
Welsh	40	20	20	5	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	90	55	30	10	5	0
Germanic languages	27,540	13,280	14,260	715	425	290
Afrikaans	125	60	65	55	30	25
Danish	395	190	200	55	30	20
Dutch	2,825	1,395	1,430	110	70	40
Frisian	10	10	0	0	0	0
German	13,670	6,340	7,330	380	210	170
Icelandic	65	30	35	30	20	10
Norwegian	200	100	100	55	45	15
Swedish	555	255	300	20	10	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	540	240	300	5	0	0
Yiddish	8,985	4,560	4,420	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	175	100	75	10	5	0
Greek	38,635	19,435	19,205	55	40	15
Indo-Iranian languages	76,040	39,205	36,835	1,640	965	670
Indo-Aryan languages	45,845	23,875	21,970	1,325	800	530
Bengali	10,995	5,620	5,380	325	220	105
Gujarati	6,070	2,980	3,090	70	45	25
Hindi	3,030	1,635	1,390	175	100	70
Kashmiri	20	15	5	0	5	0
Konkani	110	60	55	0	0	0
Marathi	255	145	110	30	15	10
Nepali	1,505	740	765	135	75	55
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	5	5	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	12,380	6,720	5,660	215	130	90
Sindhi	330	160	165	25	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	645	310	330	70	35	40
Urdu	10,470	5,460	5,010	285	165	120
Iranian languages	29,760	15,105	14,655	280	145	130
Kurdish	985	550	430	10	10	5
Pashto	1,285	680	610	30	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	27,490	13,875	13,615	235	125	110
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	440	225	210	30	25	10
Italic (Romance) languages	323,290	157,260	166,030	915	465	455
Catalan	320	170	150	0	0	0
Italian	104,600	51,705	52,895	105	60	45
Portuguese	36,770	17,735	19,035	165	90	70
Romanian	35,840	17,170	18,665	45	15	30
Spanish	145,635	70,405	75,235	595	290	305
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	125	75	50	5	5	0
Japanese	2,525	775	1,750	45	15	30
Kartvelian languages	170	80	85	0	0	0
Georgian	170	80	90	5	0	0
Korean	5,160	2,270	2,890	125	50	80
Mongolic languages	190	75	115	0	0	0
Mongolian	195	80	115	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	28,355	14,360	13,995	320	170	145
Akan (Twi)	1,050	520	525	30	20	10
Bamanankan	1,200	655	545	0	0	0
Edo	75	45	30	5	5	0
Ewe	730	400	325	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,055	1,080	970	0	0	0
Ga	80	40	40	0	0	0
Ganda	35	15	20	10	5	5
Igbo	120	70	50	30	20	10
Lingala	2,465	1,185	1,285	10	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	3,345	1,600	1,745	10	0	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	2,500	1,115	1,380	5	0	5
Shona	85	45	40	30	15	15
Swahili	3,010	1,460	1,545	55	25	25
Wolof	3,230	1,745	1,485	5	5	5
Yoruba	255	155	100	60	40	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	8,135	4,235	3,895	65	35	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	345	180	165	35	20	15
Dinka	5	5	0	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	335	170	165	25	15	15
Sign languages	1,330	700	630	125	70	55
American Sign Language	65	35	30	50	25	20
Quebec Sign Language	670	330	340	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	595	340	255	75	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	76,840	35,775	41,065	1,620	830	790
Chinese languages	76,490	35,600	40,895	1,590	815	775
Cantonese	24,375	11,505	12,875	360	195	165
Hakka	470	215	260	10	5	5
Mandarin	43,700	20,175	23,525	990	495	490
Min Dong	20	10	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,225	1,480	1,745	35	15	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,075	465	605	15	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,535	1,710	1,825	190	100	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	40	45	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	345	175	170	30	10	15
Burmese	80	30	50	10	0	10
Karenic languages	70	40	30	10	5	0
Tibetan	110	65	50	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	85	45	40	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	4,895	2,185	2,710	50	20	30
Lao	4,115	1,995	2,120	5	5	5
Thai	765	180	585	45	20	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	7,980	4,095	3,880	70	40	25
Azerbaijani	290	160	130	10	5	0
Turkish	7,155	3,685	3,470	45	35	15
Uyghur	205	100	105	0	0	0
Uzbek	145	70	75	10	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	185	80	105	5	0	5
Uralic languages	6,400	2,985	3,410	90	20	70
Estonian	195	75	120	20	10	10
Finnish	360	125	240	20	5	20
Hungarian	5,835	2,790	3,045	55	10	40
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	685	385	300	20	15	5
Multiple responses	184,905	92,600	92,310	1,700	820	880
English and French	72,395	36,695	35,695	585	250	335
English and non-official language	27,485	13,545	13,945	1,025	530	500
French and non-official language	67,075	33,110	33,970	60	30	30
English, French and non-official language	17,950	9,245	8,705	25	15	15
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	8,066,560	3,977,270	4,089,285	515,675	252,310	263,370
Single responses	7,743,740	3,819,315	3,924,425	513,025	250,995	262,030
Official languages	7,157,850	3,536,165	3,621,685	506,485	247,615	258,865
English	782,185	391,125	391,060	505,550	247,155	258,395
French	6,375,665	3,145,040	3,230,625	935	465	475
Non-official languages	585,890	283,150	302,735	6,545	3,380	3,160
Aboriginal languages	40,190	20,205	19,980	1,910	950	960
Algonquian languages	28,695	14,385	14,310	1,800	890	910
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	28,110	14,105	14,005	1,800	890	910
Atikamekw	5,465	2,825	2,640	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	7,375	3,590	3,790	1,200	600	605
Moose Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	590	295	290	600	295	310
Northern East Cree	60	30	30	0	0	0
Plains Cree	5	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	15	5	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	5	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	14,590	7,355	7,235	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	220	115	110	0	5	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	220	110	105	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	370	170	200	0	0	0
Algonquin	360	165	195	0	0	0
Ojibway	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	11,375	5,770	5,615	105	55	50
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	11,350	5,750	5,600	105	55	50
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	70	35	30	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	545,695	262,940	282,755	4,635	2,430	2,205
Afro-Asiatic languages	91,660	46,550	45,110	830	425	410
Berber languages	7,495	3,895	3,605	5	0	0
Kabyle	5,105	2,660	2,450	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	2,390	1,235	1,150	5	0	5
Cushitic languages	535	240	295	40	20	20
Bilen	5	0	5	10	5	0
Oromo	5	0	0	30	20	15
Somali	520	230	290	0	0	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	83,520	42,365	41,160	790	400	390
Amharic	340	150	185	10	5	5
Arabic	81,105	41,150	39,955	725	375	355
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	95	50	45	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	5	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,705	880	825	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	205	95	105	50	20	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	24,980	11,675	13,305	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	5,180	2,370	2,805	0	0	0
Vietnamese	19,790	9,295	10,495	40	20	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	9,715	3,960	5,750	500	235	265
Bikol	15	5	10	0	0	0
Cebuano	230	100	125	15	5	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	130	55	75	5	0	0
Ilocano	740	305	435	5	5	0
Malagasy	360	185	170	0	0	0
Malay	175	85	95	5	5	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	30	30	5	5	5
Pangasinan	10	5	10	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,905	3,150	4,760	475	225	245
Waray-Waray	15	10	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages	20,705	8,780	11,925	15	10	5
Haitian Creole	855	380	475	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	19,405	8,200	11,210	10	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	440	200	240	10	5	5
Dravidian languages	11,400	5,595	5,805	120	65	55
Kannada	150	85	65	0	0	5
Malayalam	200	100	100	35	15	15
Tamil	10,720	5,215	5,500	55	30	25
Telugu	330	190	135	25	15	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	303,215	146,100	157,115	1,620	890	730
Albanian	1,615	795	820	30	20	15
Armenian	11,990	5,680	6,310	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40,405	19,085	21,325	195	100	100
Baltic languages	190	80	105	0	0	0
Latvian	75	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	115	40	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40,220	19,000	21,220	195	100	95
Belarusan	25	15	15	0	0	0
Bosnian	965	475	495	5	5	0
Bulgarian	5,125	2,495	2,630	30	15	15
Croatian	1,015	475	545	0	0	5
Czech	460	220	240	5	5	0
Macedonian	130	65	65	0	0	0
Polish	5,970	2,695	3,270	30	15	15
Russian	20,680	9,775	10,900	95	50	45
Serbian	2,010	1,020	990	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	960	470	490	0	0	0
Slovak	245	120	130	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	225	95	135	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,365	1,060	1,300	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0	0	0
Celtic languages	30	20	10	0	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	9,890	4,980	4,905	155	85	70
Afrikaans	15	10	10	15	5	10
Danish	50	25	25	25	10	10
Dutch	375	170	205	15	10	5
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,550	1,190	1,365	65	30	25
Icelandic	30	15	20	15	10	10
Norwegian	20	5	10	20	10	5
Swedish	105	50	60	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	40	0	0	0
Yiddish	6,665	3,485	3,180	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Greek	18,545	8,865	9,680	10	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	53,555	26,845	26,710	860	505	360
Indo-Aryan languages	31,575	15,985	15,585	685	410	275
Bengali	8,180	4,055	4,125	150	105	45
Gujarati	3,840	1,860	1,985	20	10	10
Hindi	1,535	790	745	75	45	30
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	30	15	15	0	0	0
Marathi	80	40	40	10	5	5
Nepali	1,355	655	700	95	55	40
Oriya (Odia)	15	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,840	4,690	4,155	145	80	60
Sindhi	135	65	75	10	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	365	185	180	45	25	20
Urdu	7,180	3,620	3,565	130	70	60
Iranian languages	21,745	10,740	11,010	155	85	75
Kurdish	510	280	235	5	0	5
Pashto	925	460	465	10	5	0
Persian (Farsi)	20,310	10,005	10,305	145	75	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	235	120	120	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages	167,190	79,835	87,355	365	175	190
Catalan	110	50	60	5	0	0
Italian	32,935	14,595	18,340	20	10	10
Portuguese	17,260	8,250	9,005	50	25	25
Romanian	24,520	12,000	12,525	10	5	5
Spanish	92,330	44,920	47,415	275	130	145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0
Japanese	1,050	425	620	20	5	10
Kartvelian languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Georgian	70	40	35	0	0	0
Korean	3,540	1,630	1,910	60	30	35
Mongolic languages	145	70	75	0	0	0
Mongolian	145	70	75	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	7,250	3,450	3,800	105	50	55
Akan (Twi)	445	215	235	5	0	0
Bamanankan	265	135	125	0	0	0
Edo	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ewe	140	60	80	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	530	255	280	0	0	0
Ga	15	5	10	0	0	0
Ganda	5	5	5	5	0	5
Igbo	15	10	10	0	5	0
Lingala	625	270	355	5	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,110	510	600	10	0	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	530	225	305	0	0	0
Shona	20	10	10	5	5	0
Swahili	1,100	535	565	45	20	25
Wolof	1,035	555	480	0	0	0
Yoruba	55	25	25	20	10	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,350	635	710	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	70	65	5	10	0
Dinka	0	0	0	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	65	65	5	5	0
Sign languages	1,770	1,000	775	210	120	90
American Sign Language	90	35	50	60	30	30
Quebec Sign Language	700	360	340	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	985	600	385	155	85	70
Sino-Tibetan languages	60,370	28,925	31,450	1,040	545	495
Chinese languages	60,155	28,805	31,345	1,030	535	490
Cantonese	17,845	8,470	9,375	190	100	90
Hakka	155	75	80	0	0	0
Mandarin	37,075	17,870	19,200	705	365	335
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,830	830	1,000	15	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	780	355	420	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	2,435	1,190	1,240	120	65	55
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	215	115	100	10	5	5
Burmese	35	15	20	5	0	5
Karenic languages	65	40	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	70	45	30	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	2,375	1,145	1,230	10	5	5
Lao	2,150	1,055	1,100	5	0	0
Thai	225	90	135	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5,120	2,540	2,575	30	15	15
Azerbaijani	100	50	55	0	0	0
Turkish	4,715	2,340	2,370	15	5	10
Uyghur	140	75	70	0	0	0
Uzbek	105	50	55	10	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	5	0	0
Uralic languages	2,025	895	1,130	25	10	10
Estonian	30	10	20	10	5	5
Finnish	50	20	30	0	5	0
Hungarian	1,945	860	1,085	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	150	90	60	5	5	0
Multiple responses	322,820	157,960	164,860	2,655	1,320	1,340
English and French	86,715	43,820	42,890	400	185	215
English and non-official language	54,400	26,255	28,140	2,175	1,095	1,080
French and non-official language	139,385	66,610	72,775	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language	42,320	21,270	21,045	55	25	30
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	8,066,555	3,977,275	4,089,285	515,680	252,310	263,365
None	6,825,240	3,356,340	3,468,900	505,060	247,185	257,870
English	513,410	263,670	249,735	3,190	1,655	1,535
French	320,370	158,340	162,030	3,160	1,305	1,855
Non-official language	317,790	154,450	163,340	4,135	2,095	2,035
Aboriginal	5,700	2,645	3,060	685	315	370
Non-Aboriginal	312,085	151,810	160,280	3,450	1,785	1,670
English and French	36,235	18,285	17,955	20	10	5
English and non-official language	28,630	14,075	14,555	45	25	25
French and non-official language	23,470	11,365	12,095	65	35	35
English, French and non-official language	1,420	740	680	5	5	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145	437,940	212,785	225,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020	422,335	205,915	216,425
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	32,975	37,842	28,522	31,754	40,880	25,314
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,400	422,475	205,925	216,550
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,535	33,110	26,119	28,883	36,040	23,623
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	5,685,690	2,866,470	2,819,220	350,685	178,440	172,240
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	30,067	35,597	25,012	30,580	39,940	23,812
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,973,245	2,300,800	2,672,445	320,165	142,895	177,270
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,307	5,851	8,246	9,208	10,950	8,142
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	4,627,795	2,408,420	2,219,370	299,155	154,695	144,455
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,263	35,627	27,219	31,528	41,659	24,445
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	437,935	212,780	225,155
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,417,010	3,159,415	3,257,595	422,695	206,060	216,630
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,546	49,087	36,203	45,210	56,724	34,259
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	6,418,440	3,159,550	3,258,890	422,850	206,070	216,780
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,887	39,292	30,616	37,105	45,371	29,247
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	5,685,905	2,866,415	2,819,485	350,865	178,415	172,450
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,505	47,810	33,079	45,500	56,985	33,617
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,972,650	2,299,595	2,673,050	320,275	143,070	177,205
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,590	7,846	9,229	9,823	10,636	9,166
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	4,627,775	2,408,655	2,219,120	299,155	154,695	144,460
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,382	45,974	34,313	46,153	57,421	34,087
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240	437,935	212,785	225,150
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	2,036,965	1,114,940	922,025	127,135	65,460	61,670
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	47,111	51,622	42,433	55,696	64,859	46,313
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	56,564	62,750	49,085	67,716	80,565	54,077
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	84.4	88.3	79.1	83.5	86.9	78.3
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	68.4	71.4	64.6	72.0	75.7	66.2
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	15.6	11.7	20.9	16.5	13.1	21.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,140	437,940	212,785	225,155
Without total income	216,685	99,555	117,125	15,600	6,875	8,730
With total income	6,417,615	3,160,595	3,257,020	422,335	205,910	216,420
Percentage with total income	96.7	96.9	96.5	96.4	96.8	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	789,595	351,935	437,660	54,190	20,040	34,150
$10,000 to $19,999	1,188,135	476,630	711,500	80,625	30,610	50,015
$20,000 to $29,999	976,210	428,390	547,830	66,445	26,040	40,410
$30,000 to $39,999	852,735	414,105	438,625	50,800	24,220	26,585
$40,000 to $49,999	747,995	378,215	369,780	40,710	20,675	20,030
$50,000 to $59,999	540,265	292,110	248,150	28,815	16,365	12,450
$60,000 to $69,999	375,935	214,805	161,130	22,170	13,390	8,790
$70,000 to $79,999	286,025	164,240	121,790	16,585	9,950	6,640
$80,000 to $89,999	189,350	113,715	75,635	14,525	8,380	6,140
$90,000 to $99,999	122,750	80,090	42,660	11,570	7,230	4,345
$100,000 and over	348,620	246,360	102,255	35,890	29,020	6,870
$100,000 to $149,999	236,515	164,145	72,370	24,160	19,130	5,030
$150,000 and over	112,105	82,215	29,885	11,730	9,890	1,845
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	6,634,295	3,260,150	3,374,140	437,935	212,790	225,150
Without after-tax income	215,120	99,375	115,750	15,465	6,865	8,600
With after-tax income	6,419,175	3,160,780	3,258,395	422,475	205,920	216,550
Percentage with after-tax income	96.8	97.0	96.6	96.5	96.8	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	822,725	359,045	463,675	55,965	20,310	35,650
$10,000 to $19,999	1,246,480	505,165	741,315	84,935	32,255	52,675
$20,000 to $29,999	1,192,885	541,080	651,810	77,570	31,835	45,730
$30,000 to $39,999	1,096,510	553,200	543,315	60,145	30,005	30,140
$40,000 to $49,999	793,150	425,040	368,115	42,845	23,560	19,285
$50,000 to $59,999	498,475	283,130	215,345	29,740	18,000	11,735
$60,000 to $69,999	309,415	180,470	128,945	21,810	12,880	8,925
$70,000 to $79,999	167,895	108,500	59,395	16,275	10,280	5,995
$80,000 and over	291,635	205,155	86,485	33,195	26,780	6,410
$80,000 to $89,999	95,010	64,670	30,335	9,910	7,385	2,525
$90,000 to $99,999	55,980	39,080	16,905	6,785	5,580	1,205
$100,000 and over	140,645	101,405	39,240	16,495	13,810	2,685
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	6,634,295	3,260,155	3,374,145	437,940	212,785	225,150
Without employment income	2,006,505	851,730	1,154,775	138,785	58,090	80,695
With employment income	4,627,790	2,408,420	2,219,375	299,155	154,695	144,460
Percentage with employment income	69.8	73.9	65.8	68.3	72.7	64.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	606,300	311,780	294,520	41,945	19,065	22,885
$5,000 to $9,999	367,030	162,150	204,885	25,185	9,870	15,315
$10,000 to $19,999	681,920	305,995	375,920	43,245	18,425	24,820
$20,000 to $29,999	586,140	269,950	316,195	34,575	14,615	19,960
$30,000 to $39,999	565,425	277,135	288,285	26,880	13,045	13,840
$40,000 to $49,999	476,665	247,105	229,560	25,000	12,240	12,755
$50,000 to $59,999	359,180	203,580	155,600	19,620	11,050	8,570
$60,000 to $69,999	266,650	156,255	110,395	16,510	9,855	6,655
$70,000 to $79,999	224,040	129,890	94,150	12,995	7,755	5,240
$80,000 and over	494,440	344,585	149,855	53,195	38,785	14,415
$80,000 to $89,999	139,830	90,295	49,540	12,605	7,075	5,530
$90,000 to $99,999	93,860	64,160	29,700	9,920	6,290	3,635
$100,000 and over	260,745	190,125	70,620	30,660	25,415	5,245
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	3,531,665	...	...	218,670	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	59,822	...	...	67,272	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	52,207	...	...	59,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	1,175,230	...	...	53,750	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,574	...	...	27,593	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	28,469	...	...	25,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	2,356,430	...	...	164,920	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,645	...	...	83,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	67,665	...	...	72,188	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	3,531,665	...	...	218,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	77,306	...	...	87,392	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	63,404	...	...	71,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,174,695	...	...	53,735	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,042	...	...	41,684	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	33,262	...	...	33,968	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	2,356,970	...	...	164,940	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	95,878	...	...	102,281	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	78,426	...	...	84,058	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	3,531,665	...	...	218,670	...	...
Under $5,000	47,170	...	...	1,610	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	56,315	...	...	3,325	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	119,570	...	...	6,270	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180,865	...	...	10,620	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	179,690	...	...	11,065	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	154,150	...	...	10,490	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	185,000	...	...	12,560	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	184,435	...	...	9,765	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	179,855	...	...	8,675	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	170,445	...	...	8,390	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	313,600	...	...	15,745	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	273,620	...	...	14,835	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	241,940	...	...	13,210	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	208,620	...	...	11,965	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	176,355	...	...	10,690	...	...
$100,000 and over	860,030	...	...	69,465	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	327,435	...	...	21,315	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	204,105	...	...	16,030	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	192,155	...	...	18,490	...	...
$200,000 and over	136,335	...	...	13,630	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,531,660	...	...	218,675	...	...
Under $5,000	50,445	...	...	1,715	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	57,335	...	...	3,370	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120,860	...	...	6,350	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	190,300	...	...	10,970	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	202,905	...	...	12,220	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	187,365	...	...	11,580	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	231,765	...	...	13,770	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	225,695	...	...	11,505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	211,990	...	...	10,270	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	202,760	...	...	10,130	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	363,775	...	...	19,260	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	309,825	...	...	17,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	256,150	...	...	15,335	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	208,765	...	...	13,145	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	166,295	...	...	11,470	...	...
$100,000 and over	545,440	...	...	50,175	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	269,170	...	...	21,485	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	130,225	...	...	13,060	...	...
$150,000 and over	146,045	...	...	15,630	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	2,261,890	...	...	159,665	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,378	...	...	83,589	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	68,152	...	...	72,193	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	930,195	...	...	71,340	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,075	...	...	69,513	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	60,224	...	...	61,160	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	911,980	...	...	61,695	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,246	...	...	120,644	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,844	...	...	100,500	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.9	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	364,085	...	...	22,155	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	52,708	...	...	45,630	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,805	...	...	42,926	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	2,262,045	...	...	159,645	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	96,863	...	...	102,559	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	79,060	...	...	84,156	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	929,645	...	...	71,405	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,304	...	...	87,485	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,167	...	...	72,251	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	912,560	...	...	61,740	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	122,835	...	...	137,066	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	99,279	...	...	110,501	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	363,610	...	...	22,125	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	61,753	...	...	57,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	53,052	...	...	50,395	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	1,433,210	711,180	722,030	69,430	32,260	37,175
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	29,195	31,526	27,210	26,545	30,718	24,334
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	26,706	28,214	25,434	24,852	27,806	23,469
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	1,430,625	708,225	722,405	69,470	32,190	37,280
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	37,684	39,840	35,571	39,398	45,493	34,137
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	31,513	32,729	30,321	32,455	36,753	28,743
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	7,965,455	3,941,475	4,023,970	512,255	250,910	261,340
In the bottom half of the distribution	4,577,885	2,216,770	2,361,115	254,565	119,495	135,070
In the bottom decile	747,785	368,385	379,395	45,825	21,025	24,800
In the second decile	898,605	408,705	489,900	62,600	27,510	35,090
In the third decile	997,185	481,975	515,210	49,300	23,290	26,015
In the fourth decile	996,230	490,275	505,960	48,540	23,710	24,825
In the fifth decile	938,080	467,425	470,655	48,295	23,955	24,340
In the top half of the distribution	3,387,565	1,724,710	1,662,855	257,685	131,420	126,270
In the sixth decile	881,640	444,865	436,775	49,765	24,975	24,790
In the seventh decile	806,685	409,470	397,220	50,430	25,400	25,035
In the eighth decile	700,450	357,000	343,455	52,970	26,900	26,075
In the ninth decile	557,160	286,195	270,960	55,005	28,170	26,840
In the top decile	441,630	227,185	214,445	49,510	25,975	23,535
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	7,921,505	3,919,560	4,001,945	509,340	249,445	259,895
0 to 17 years	1,564,410	800,455	763,960	89,425	45,880	43,545
0 to 5 years	532,410	272,790	259,625	26,950	13,780	13,170
18 to 64 years	5,021,875	2,498,900	2,522,980	324,715	158,305	166,410
65 years and over	1,335,220	620,210	715,010	95,200	45,265	49,935
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,160,190	542,405	617,785	78,595	34,740	43,850
0 to 17 years	222,955	114,410	108,540	15,920	8,110	7,810
0 to 5 years	75,270	38,595	36,670	5,205	2,670	2,530
18 to 64 years	688,130	334,825	353,305	40,420	17,430	22,990
65 years and over	249,110	93,170	155,930	22,250	9,200	13,055
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.6	13.8	15.4	15.4	13.9	16.9
0 to 17 years (%)	14.3	14.3	14.2	17.8	17.7	17.9
0 to 5 years (%)	14.1	14.1	14.1	19.3	19.4	19.2
18 to 64 years (%)	13.7	13.4	14.0	12.4	11.0	13.8
65 years and over (%)	18.7	15.0	21.8	23.4	20.3	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	731,340	358,085	373,260	29,200	13,915	15,285
0 to 17 years	129,325	66,400	62,925	6,065	3,095	2,970
0 to 5 years	44,375	22,705	21,675	2,035	1,080	955
18 to 64 years	514,540	261,485	253,060	21,880	10,305	11,570
65 years and over	87,475	30,205	57,270	1,255	510	750
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.2	9.1	9.3	5.7	5.6	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.2	6.8	6.7	6.8
0 to 5 years (%)	8.3	8.3	8.3	7.6	7.8	7.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.2	10.5	10.0	6.7	6.5	7.0
65 years and over (%)	6.6	4.9	8.0	1.3	1.1	1.5
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	512,250	250,910	261,340
Official languages	7,891,110	3,911,220	3,979,890	511,220	250,445	260,775
English	3,930,690	2,058,470	1,872,225	511,100	250,390	260,705
French	7,522,350	3,725,145	3,797,200	25,965	10,395	15,575
Non-official languages	1,610,980	776,265	834,720	17,245	8,800	8,445
Aboriginal languages	50,890	25,190	25,700	3,035	1,425	1,610
Algonquian languages	37,515	18,545	18,965	2,270	1,085	1,180
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	34,415	17,050	17,370	2,220	1,070	1,150
Atikamekw	6,640	3,335	3,305	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	9,850	4,735	5,115	1,575	765	810
Moose Cree	0	10	0	10	0	10
Naskapi	775	385	385	665	315	350
Northern East Cree	260	130	130	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	35	25	10	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	15	0	10	0	0	0
Woods Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	17,175	8,600	8,575	10	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	885	460	420	50	15	35
Malecite	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	880	460	425	50	15	35
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,340	1,105	1,235	0	10	0
Algonquin	2,240	1,055	1,185	0	0	0
Ojibway	105	50	50	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	12,595	6,270	6,330	765	340	425
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	12,485	6,210	6,270	690	290	400
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	115	60	60	75	50	25
Iroquoian languages	740	360	375	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	690	350	335	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	15	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	10	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	90	40	55	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,560,375	751,215	809,160	14,220	7,380	6,840
Afro-Asiatic languages	301,035	157,545	143,490	1,705	930	770
Berber languages	27,595	14,650	12,945	20	10	15
Kabyle	16,170	8,580	7,590	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	11,580	6,150	5,425	20	0	10
Cushitic languages	1,550	745	805	35	10	25
Bilen	35	20	10	0	0	0
Oromo	45	30	10	15	10	10
Somali	1,460	680	780	20	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	286,625	149,970	136,660	1,640	900	735
Amharic	1,145	540	600	50	35	20
Arabic	267,965	140,280	127,685	1,560	860	700
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	195	95	95	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	18,035	9,490	8,540	10	10	10
Maltese	40	10	25	10	10	10
Tigrigna	420	195	225	25	20	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	810	430	380	35	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	46,050	21,955	24,095	55	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	11,840	5,620	6,220	0	0	0
Vietnamese	34,580	16,520	18,060	50	25	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	31,230	11,820	19,410	1,315	530	785
Bikol	105	45	60	0	0	0
Cebuano	1,105	360	750	95	30	75
Fijian	15	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	540	195	350	0	0	0
Ilocano	2,500	890	1,610	35	10	30
Malagasy	1,980	940	1,040	0	0	0
Malay	1,210	525	690	110	70	40
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	195	95	100	0	0	0
Pangasinan	60	20	40	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	26,705	9,785	16,915	1,170	450	715
Waray-Waray	55	10	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	540	270	275	15	10	10
Creole languages	115,445	51,970	63,475	60	30	25
Haitian Creole	4,910	2,285	2,620	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	108,315	48,615	59,705	35	15	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	2,835	1,390	1,445	25	15	10
Dravidian languages	18,710	9,495	9,210	450	245	210
Kannada	415	210	205	35	10	25
Malayalam	510	285	220	150	75	80
Tamil	17,245	8,680	8,565	245	145	100
Telugu	930	540	390	45	30	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	35	15	25	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	912,945	435,785	477,155	7,080	3,835	3,245
Albanian	3,375	1,730	1,645	125	70	60
Armenian	20,290	9,790	10,500	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	88,425	41,725	46,700	855	450	405
Baltic languages	1,080	500	585	15	0	10
Latvian	335	150	185	10	0	10
Lithuanian	755	350	410	0	0	0
Slavic languages	87,520	41,315	46,205	845	450	400
Belarusan	365	150	215	0	0	0
Bosnian	1,975	990	985	20	15	10
Bulgarian	7,345	3,595	3,750	60	25	35
Croatian	3,580	1,760	1,820	65	45	20
Czech	2,070	975	1,095	50	25	25
Macedonian	285	140	145	10	10	10
Polish	17,760	8,090	9,665	125	85	40
Russian	46,665	22,265	24,400	515	250	265
Serbian	4,050	1,980	2,070	15	20	0
Serbo-Croatian	2,385	1,140	1,245	10	0	0
Slovak	1,520	705	820	15	15	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	970	490	480	0	0	0
Ukrainian	9,015	3,885	5,135	120	55	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	150	75	75	0	0	0
Celtic languages	495	305	195	115	75	35
Scottish Gaelic	155	95	65	30	30	0
Welsh	85	45	40	40	30	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	265	175	95	50	20	25
Germanic languages	63,370	31,835	31,530	1,765	965	800
Afrikaans	415	260	150	85	50	40
Danish	835	410	420	100	55	45
Dutch	5,060	2,665	2,395	150	80	75
Frisian	15	10	0	0	0	0
German	43,475	21,950	21,530	1,270	685	580
Icelandic	140	80	60	50	35	20
Norwegian	510	255	255	130	75	55
Swedish	1,580	785	795	55	40	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	760	265	495	0	10	0
Yiddish	12,375	6,225	6,155	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	270	125	140	0	0	0
Greek	51,060	25,520	25,540	95	55	40
Indo-Iranian languages	93,655	48,040	45,615	2,070	1,230	840
Indo-Aryan languages	59,570	30,870	28,700	1,760	1,070	690
Bengali	12,870	6,610	6,260	370	240	125
Gujarati	7,950	3,860	4,090	60	35	20
Hindi	15,570	8,285	7,280	595	355	240
Kashmiri	45	35	15	0	0	0
Konkani	150	70	75	10	0	0
Marathi	475	240	230	25	10	15
Nepali	1,445	725	720	175	110	60
Oriya (Odia)	55	35	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	17,860	9,690	8,165	485	305	180
Sindhi	500	240	255	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,335	625	710	80	45	35
Urdu	16,545	8,655	7,890	405	255	145
Iranian languages	35,420	17,830	17,585	275	150	130
Kurdish	1,255	665	590	25	25	0
Pashto	1,825	1,005	825	50	35	15
Persian (Farsi)	32,965	16,560	16,405	205	90	110
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	845	425	420	70	45	30
Italic (Romance) languages	627,545	293,620	333,920	2,450	1,240	1,210
Catalan	890	525	365	10	10	0
Italian	173,710	84,430	89,275	360	190	165
Portuguese	55,100	27,620	27,475	395	215	180
Romanian	42,655	20,550	22,110	55	30	25
Spanish	390,355	177,610	212,745	1,820	895	930
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	490	345	145	20	10	15
Japanese	7,040	3,340	3,695	155	45	110
Kartvelian languages	220	110	110	0	0	0
Georgian	215	105	110	0	0	0
Korean	6,260	2,825	3,430	130	50	75
Mongolic languages	270	135	130	0	0	10
Mongolian	265	135	130	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	52,840	26,665	26,175	795	445	345
Akan (Twi)	1,800	945	855	60	55	10
Bamanankan	2,385	1,240	1,145	0	0	0
Edo	190	95	95	10	10	0
Ewe	1,410	865	545	10	10	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	3,400	1,785	1,620	0	0	0
Ga	315	155	160	0	0	0
Ganda	90	40	55	55	35	20
Igbo	275	190	90	90	45	45
Lingala	9,630	4,430	5,200	10	10	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	4,490	2,210	2,285	10	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	3,535	1,640	1,895	25	15	20
Shona	150	75	80	105	35	75
Swahili	8,015	4,080	3,935	180	110	70
Wolof	6,555	3,545	3,015	0	0	0
Yoruba	885	485	395	200	115	80
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	17,720	9,125	8,595	130	75	60
Nilo-Saharan languages	695	345	350	55	35	20
Dinka	0	0	0	35	25	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	695	345	350	20	10	15
Sign languages	7,775	3,095	4,675	710	315	395
American Sign Language	675	245	435	350	130	215
Quebec Sign Language	4,405	1,590	2,815	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,960	1,350	1,605	370	190	180
Sino-Tibetan languages	90,460	42,695	47,770	1,870	1,025	840
Chinese languages	90,060	42,480	47,580	1,820	995	820
Cantonese	31,885	14,900	16,980	395	230	165
Hakka	545	240	310	0	0	0
Mandarin	59,240	27,560	31,685	1,265	665	595
Min Dong	15	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,215	1,860	2,350	35	25	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,230	535	690	10	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	4,800	2,380	2,425	265	160	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	90	40	55	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	430	235	195	50	30	20
Burmese	140	75	60	25	15	10
Karenic languages	105	55	45	35	25	10
Tibetan	65	50	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	65	80	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	7,280	3,400	3,880	65	30	35
Lao	5,785	2,850	2,935	15	10	0
Thai	2,255	875	1,375	55	25	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	12,475	6,265	6,210	80	50	30
Azerbaijani	510	275	235	0	0	0
Turkish	11,415	5,755	5,665	60	45	15
Uyghur	230	110	120	0	0	0
Uzbek	230	105	125	20	10	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	235	115	120	10	0	10
Uralic languages	7,870	3,710	4,160	120	35	80
Estonian	150	55	95	25	15	10
Finnish	500	195	305	15	0	10
Hungarian	7,215	3,450	3,765	85	25	65
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	2,140	1,170	970	40	20	20
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	512,250	250,910	261,335
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	7,585,545	3,753,190	3,832,350	503,160	245,925	257,240
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,521,230	779,620	741,610	88,805	45,585	43,220
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	6,064,310	2,973,575	3,090,740	414,355	200,335	214,020
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	379,910	188,245	191,665	9,090	4,990	4,100
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	512,255	250,910	261,340
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	6,788,085	3,365,345	3,422,735	496,410	242,465	253,940
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,091,310	530,325	560,980	12,080	6,230	5,850
Before 1981	238,655	117,080	121,575	3,430	1,765	1,660
1981 to 1990	127,340	63,150	64,190	905	455	450
1991 to 2000	187,860	89,210	98,650	1,210	625	585
2001 to 2010	322,280	155,785	166,495	2,860	1,490	1,370
2001 to 2005	140,170	67,835	72,335	995	500	495
2006 to 2010	182,115	87,945	94,165	1,865	990	875
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	215,170	105,105	110,065	3,675	1,890	1,780
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	86,065	45,765	40,295	3,770	2,215	1,550
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,091,305	530,325	560,980	12,075	6,230	5,845
Under 5 years	112,930	54,600	58,330	1,535	745	790
5 to 14 years	174,020	87,165	86,855	2,095	1,090	1,005
15 to 24 years	215,350	98,880	116,475	2,090	1,035	1,050
25 to 44 years	515,770	256,095	259,675	5,420	2,840	2,580
45 years and over	73,230	33,590	39,640	940	515	425
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,091,305	530,330	560,980	12,080	6,230	5,850
Americas	247,505	113,190	134,315	2,280	1,080	1,205
Brazil	7,345	3,515	3,830	30	15	15
Colombia	25,580	11,645	13,935	110	50	65
El Salvador	11,120	5,500	5,615	10	10	0
Guyana	2,490	1,085	1,410	30	15	10
Haiti	80,965	35,375	45,585	0	10	0
Jamaica	4,665	2,040	2,625	110	45	70
Mexico	15,820	7,090	8,730	90	35	55
Peru	13,265	5,945	7,325	20	0	15
Trinidad and Tobago	4,075	1,840	2,240	30	15	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	25,955	12,800	13,155	1,535	730	805
Other places of birth in Americas	56,235	26,370	29,870	300	155	145
Europe	311,090	154,910	156,185	4,215	2,325	1,885
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,785	1,890	1,895	45	20	25
Croatia	2,140	1,085	1,050	10	10	0
France	81,225	43,490	37,735	160	95	70
Germany	9,750	4,365	5,390	365	210	155
Greece	18,420	9,135	9,285	30	20	10
Hungary	3,325	1,620	1,700	40	10	30
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	820	485	330	180	95	85
Italy	51,025	25,370	25,655	80	60	20
Netherlands	1,990	1,035	955	95	55	40
Poland	10,735	4,675	6,060	75	50	30
Portugal	18,985	9,185	9,800	140	80	60
Romania	28,695	13,695	15,005	55	15	35
Russian Federation	11,355	4,975	6,375	165	90	70
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	1,790	830	960	10	10	0
Ukraine	8,670	3,800	4,870	85	25	60
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	12,905	6,645	6,260	2,215	1,215	1,000
Other places of birth in Europe	45,500	22,630	22,870	465	270	195
Africa	241,410	125,250	116,165	1,215	655	560
Algeria	59,465	31,180	28,280	30	20	0
Egypt	19,490	10,290	9,200	215	135	80
Ethiopia	995	495	495	50	30	25
Kenya	785	355	430	25	10	20
Morocco	60,700	31,435	29,270	25	20	0
Nigeria	1,340	740	600	185	105	80
Somalia	580	270	310	10	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	865	475	385	135	55	80
Other places of birth in Africa	97,200	50,005	47,190	535	280	260
Asia	289,825	136,175	153,655	4,295	2,145	2,150
Afghanistan	7,280	3,640	3,640	45	15	25
Bangladesh	7,940	3,990	3,950	165	95	70
China^{Census data footnote 59}	49,555	19,905	29,655	835	405	425
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	4,730	2,290	2,435	80	60	25
India	17,865	9,195	8,670	640	355	285
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	17,760	8,880	8,885	65	35	35
Iraq	3,735	1,960	1,775	220	115	105
Japan	1,725	395	1,330	15	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	4,230	1,995	2,230	35	0	25
Lebanon	39,135	20,800	18,340	35	35	10
Pakistan	10,010	5,260	4,750	245	145	95
Philippines	24,410	9,040	15,370	855	330	530
Sri Lanka	10,715	5,335	5,380	115	65	50
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	17,775	8,800	8,980	315	145	175
Taiwan	2,735	1,100	1,635	35	20	15
Viet Nam	25,440	11,765	13,675	30	15	20
Other places of birth in Asia	44,795	21,840	22,950	570	315	255
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	1,480	805	670	70	20	50
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	215,170	105,105	110,065	3,675	1,890	1,785
Americas	47,710	22,625	25,085	460	230	230
Brazil	3,010	1,495	1,520	20	0	15
Colombia	7,540	3,465	4,075	10	0	10
Cuba	2,565	1,260	1,315	30	15	15
Haiti	16,880	7,690	9,190	0	0	0
Jamaica	190	140	55	70	20	45
Mexico	4,210	1,955	2,255	30	20	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	3,990	2,265	1,720	195	110	90
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,955	935	1,020	25	20	0
Other places of birth in Americas	7,365	3,425	3,935	80	30	45
Europe	39,320	20,085	19,235	545	310	230
France	20,030	10,855	9,175	65	30	30
Germany	580	250	330	30	15	15
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	135	105	35	30	30	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	3,750	1,695	2,055	0	0	0
Romania	2,945	1,260	1,685	0	0	0
Russian Federation	1,970	865	1,105	45	30	15
Ukraine	2,460	1,110	1,350	40	0	45
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	860	565	290	160	100	60
Other places of birth in Europe	6,590	3,385	3,205	170	110	60
Africa	74,200	37,110	37,090	620	320	300
Algeria	16,380	8,060	8,320	10	10	0
Cameroon	7,550	3,705	3,845	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	3,370	1,655	1,715	30	0	20
Côte d'Ivoire	5,070	2,505	2,565	0	0	10
Egypt	4,360	2,260	2,095	115	65	55
Eritrea	50	30	20	25	15	15
Ethiopia	125	65	60	30	15	15
Morocco	13,475	6,675	6,805	10	10	0
Nigeria	540	280	260	125	70	60
Somalia	95	40	50	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	175	115	60	50	25	25
Tunisia	5,855	3,025	2,825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	17,155	8,690	8,470	210	110	95
Asia	53,595	25,070	28,525	2,010	1,010	1,005
Afghanistan	1,555	715	840	10	0	10
Bangladesh	860	455	405	50	30	25
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10,705	4,805	5,895	275	130	145
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	120	35	80	0	0	0
India	2,960	1,555	1,405	175	100	75
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	7,505	3,545	3,960	35	15	20
Iraq	985	465	515	75	40	30
Israel	645	390	255	0	0	0
Japan	330	30	295	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	825	370	455	15	0	10
Lebanon	3,955	2,100	1,860	25	20	0
Nepal	360	165	195	55	30	30
Pakistan	1,815	920	895	95	60	30
Philippines	5,635	2,345	3,290	595	270	330
Saudi Arabia	435	210	225	35	25	15
Sri Lanka	860	380	480	60	30	30
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	7,455	3,740	3,715	300	135	165
Taiwan	170	60	105	0	10	10
Turkey	585	300	285	10	10	0
United Arab Emirates	300	160	145	30	15	15
Viet Nam	1,505	560	945	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	4,025	1,765	2,265	155	100	60
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	345	215	135	35	15	20
Australia	190	120	70	20	10	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	155	95	65	15	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	512,250	250,910	261,340
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,204,895	590,175	614,720	16,840	8,935	7,900
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	792,085	399,535	392,550	13,820	6,900	6,920
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	5,968,475	2,951,730	3,016,745	481,595	235,080	246,515
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	867,685	420,465	447,220	8,805	4,565	4,245
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	469,015	243,915	225,100	4,930	2,655	2,270
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	224,720	137,975	86,745	2,260	1,535	725
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	244,300	105,945	138,360	2,670	1,125	1,545
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	241,225	96,130	145,095	2,355	1,115	1,240
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	146,295	75,100	71,195	1,485	770	720
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	11,150	5,320	5,825	35	20	15
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,010	512,255	250,910	261,340
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	182,885	91,890	90,995	45,730	22,105	23,625
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	175,960	88,635	87,325	42,615	20,515	22,100
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	92,655	45,510	47,145	28,375	13,615	14,760
Métis	69,365	36,260	33,100	7,790	3,790	4,000
Inuk (Inuit)	13,940	6,865	7,075	6,450	3,110	3,335
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,760	1,330	1,430	555	305	255
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	4,170	1,930	2,245	2,560	1,280	1,275
Non-Aboriginal identity	7,782,560	3,849,550	3,933,015	466,525	228,810	237,710
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015	512,250	250,910	261,340
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	77,490	38,580	38,915	21,155	10,170	10,990
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	7,887,960	3,902,860	3,985,100	491,095	240,745	250,355
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	7,965,455	3,941,440	4,024,015	512,250	250,910	261,340
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	118,780	58,535	60,245	18,965	9,340	9,630
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	115,480	56,930	58,550	18,210	8,950	9,260
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	87,700	42,730	44,965	12,185	5,935	6,255
Métis single ancestry	17,585	9,225	8,360	2,440	1,255	1,185
Inuit single ancestry	10,200	4,980	5,220	3,585	1,760	1,820
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,300	1,605	1,700	760	385	370
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	2,220	1,115	1,105	75	30	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	995	455	540	225	110	115
Métis and Inuit ancestries	65	25	40	415	230	180
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	10	15	45	20	25
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	240,650	113,905	126,740	39,585	18,825	20,760
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	235,365	111,205	124,165	37,850	18,000	19,850
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	193,625	90,650	102,975	30,420	14,410	16,005
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	37,080	18,320	18,760	3,655	1,800	1,860
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,660	2,230	2,425	3,775	1,785	1,990
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	5,280	2,700	2,575	1,730	825	910
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	4,040	2,105	1,940	500	215	285
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	990	475	515	510	245	260
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	225	110	115	670	340	335
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	25	15	10	55	20	35
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	7,606,025	3,769,000	3,837,030	453,700	222,750	230,950
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	7,965,450	3,941,440	4,024,015	512,250	250,915	261,340
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,032,365	505,180	527,185	11,810	6,145	5,665
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	90,335	46,750	43,585	2,645	1,540	1,100
Chinese	99,505	44,370	55,135	2,325	1,265	1,065
Black	319,230	154,110	165,120	2,355	1,205	1,150
Filipino	34,910	14,275	20,635	1,390	550	835
Latin American	133,920	64,655	69,260	635	305	330
Arab	213,740	113,420	100,320	1,375	760	620
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	62,820	29,960	32,865	340	190	150
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	32,405	16,200	16,210	220	90	125
Korean	8,055	3,865	4,190	80	30	45
Japanese	4,570	1,755	2,820	60	30	35
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	9,840	4,670	5,175	150	65	80
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	23,045	11,160	11,885	255	120	135
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	6,933,085	3,436,260	3,496,830	500,440	244,765	255,675
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	7,965,455	3,941,435	4,024,010	512,250	250,910	261,340
North American Aboriginal origins	359,430	172,440	186,985	58,550	28,165	30,385
First Nations (North American Indian)	289,610	137,550	152,065	44,015	20,995	23,025
Inuit	17,175	8,300	8,880	9,270	4,515	4,750
Métis	61,260	30,915	30,345	7,855	3,910	3,950
Other North American origins	4,850,145	2,390,545	2,459,605	280,640	137,030	143,610
Acadian	34,785	16,440	18,345	490	235	255
American	45,050	21,470	23,580	1,890	960	930
Canadian	4,647,840	2,288,280	2,359,555	276,130	134,745	141,390
New Brunswicker	750	370	380	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	570	280	295	4,080	2,090	1,990
Nova Scotian	365	155	215	30	15	15
Ontarian	1,345	660	685	20	0	15
Québécois	184,005	93,895	90,110	100	60	40
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	205	110	100	10	10	10
European origins	3,037,890	1,511,060	1,526,825	274,460	134,070	140,390
British Isles origins	745,715	360,135	385,575	259,460	126,485	132,980
Channel Islander	1,440	725	720	85	40	45
Cornish	70	35	40	35	15	15
English	228,520	111,855	116,670	191,855	93,405	98,450
Irish	446,215	211,545	234,665	106,225	51,035	55,190
Manx	200	105	95	50	35	20
Scottish	215,030	103,395	111,635	34,650	16,580	18,075
Welsh	10,765	5,075	5,690	4,380	2,155	2,225
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	32,525	15,440	17,080	6,025	2,845	3,180
French origins	1,878,795	941,770	937,025	26,845	12,685	14,155
Alsatian	1,050	520	525	0	0	10
Breton	11,140	5,410	5,725	10	0	0
Corsican	1,270	690	580	0	0	0
French	1,870,545	937,665	932,875	26,835	12,680	14,150
Western European origins (except French origins)	244,380	119,115	125,260	11,045	5,440	5,605
Austrian	12,710	6,285	6,430	360	160	205
Bavarian	40	30	20	20	15	10
Belgian	51,340	25,295	26,050	195	95	105
Dutch	26,000	12,805	13,190	2,150	1,030	1,120
Flemish	1,345	660	685	55	25	25
Frisian	15	20	0	0	0	0
German	142,225	68,250	73,975	8,620	4,270	4,355
Luxembourger	910	445	460	0	0	0
Swiss	24,500	12,615	11,885	245	140	110
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	125	80	50	25	0	20
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	25,460	12,490	12,975	3,940	1,885	2,055
Danish	5,700	2,815	2,885	685	345	340
Finnish	3,130	1,430	1,700	240	95	150
Icelandic	955	480	470	190	100	90
Norwegian	7,820	3,835	3,985	1,710	845	870
Swedish	6,840	3,275	3,565	995	405	585
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	2,500	1,265	1,230	320	185	140
Eastern European origins	249,940	121,660	128,285	4,230	2,055	2,175
Bulgarian	9,570	4,675	4,895	80	40	40
Byelorussian	2,530	1,235	1,295	35	15	15
Czech	6,295	2,965	3,330	180	100	80
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,150	1,100	1,050	55	15	45
Estonian	890	460	435	35	20	15
Hungarian	28,280	13,970	14,310	415	175	240
Latvian	1,740	835	905	70	45	25
Lithuanian	6,630	3,320	3,305	110	45	65
Moldovan	7,620	3,710	3,900	0	0	0
Polish	79,040	38,705	40,335	1,540	735	805
Romanian	53,060	25,935	27,125	180	85	100
Russian	55,230	26,405	28,830	910	480	430
Slovak	4,770	2,375	2,395	65	25	45
Ukrainian	42,550	20,575	21,975	1,350	700	650
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	2,900	1,505	1,400	80	35	50
Southern European origins	549,750	273,670	276,080	4,765	2,320	2,450
Albanian	3,760	1,950	1,805	45	20	30
Bosnian	2,970	1,485	1,490	45	30	20
Catalan	735	395	340	10	0	10
Croatian	6,745	3,375	3,370	160	90	75
Cypriot	480	240	245	20	10	0
Greek	71,330	36,235	35,090	380	220	165
Italian	326,700	162,650	164,045	1,715	875	840
Kosovar	505	295	210	0	0	0
Macedonian	775	400	370	20	0	20
Maltese	1,220	615	610	135	80	50
Montenegrin	450	250	200	10	10	0
Portuguese	69,805	34,825	34,980	1,215	595	615
Serbian	5,950	2,915	3,040	55	40	15
Sicilian	1,435	710	725	10	0	10
Slovenian	2,510	1,225	1,280	15	0	10
Spanish	85,360	41,745	43,615	1,105	475	635
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	3,270	1,595	1,670	35	10	25
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	300	155	145	20	10	10
Other European origins	38,670	19,875	18,800	1,065	550	520
Basque	3,620	1,930	1,690	65	45	20
Jewish	25,235	12,955	12,280	285	140	140
Roma (Gypsy)	475	270	205	100	55	45
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	360	180	185	0	0	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	9,215	4,690	4,530	615	315	305
Caribbean origins	201,625	93,935	107,690	885	455	430
Antiguan	380	170	205	10	10	0
Bahamian	430	205	225	10	10	0
Barbadian	5,570	2,585	2,985	95	55	40
Bermudan	115	50	65	25	10	20
Carib	405	150	255	0	0	0
Cuban	9,830	4,800	5,035	140	85	55
Dominican	11,560	5,320	6,235	25	20	0
Grenadian	1,965	790	1,175	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	1,010	475	535	0	0	0
Haitian	143,165	66,245	76,925	25	10	10
Jamaican	14,100	6,785	7,315	395	185	210
Kittitian/Nevisian	360	200	160	0	0	0
Martinican	1,775	820	950	0	0	0
Montserratan	240	140	105	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	530	270	255	10	10	0
St. Lucian	860	450	405	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	6,585	2,925	3,660	100	50	50
Vincentian/Grenadinian	4,020	1,695	2,325	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	5,635	2,610	3,025	60	20	40
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	4,195	1,995	2,205	40	20	25
Latin, Central and South American origins	167,275	81,215	86,065	925	410	520
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	6,100	2,885	3,210	10	0	10
Arawak	180	60	120	0	0	0
Argentinian	4,950	2,490	2,460	70	40	35
Belizean	80	40	40	10	0	10
Bolivian	1,730	815	915	25	15	10
Brazilian	8,345	4,075	4,275	45	20	25
Chilean	14,060	7,055	7,005	25	10	20
Colombian	33,965	15,915	18,050	160	80	80
Costa Rican	1,180	570	610	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	2,720	1,255	1,470	55	30	30
Guatemalan	10,175	5,380	4,795	40	15	25
Guyanese	3,670	1,810	1,860	55	35	25
Hispanic	1,155	570	585	50	25	30
Honduran	4,335	2,135	2,200	25	0	20
Maya	1,670	935	735	30	15	20
Mexican	26,930	13,185	13,745	245	90	150
Nicaraguan	2,805	1,360	1,445	20	10	15
Panamanian	1,460	755	710	0	0	0
Paraguayan	365	155	205	0	0	0
Peruvian	19,735	9,240	10,495	30	10	15
Salvadorean	19,200	9,535	9,665	15	10	0
Uruguayan	1,755	815	940	0	0	0
Venezuelan	7,475	3,430	4,045	75	45	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	5,845	2,965	2,880	75	25	45
African origins	382,665	196,910	185,755	2,705	1,470	1,240
Central and West African origins	86,695	44,720	41,975	750	430	320
Akan	630	325	310	0	10	0
Angolan	875	425	450	0	0	0
Ashanti	120	90	35	10	10	0
Beninese	4,125	2,220	1,915	0	0	0
Burkinabe	2,465	1,325	1,145	0	0	0
Cameroonian	17,095	8,635	8,465	35	15	25
Chadian	1,045	525	520	0	0	0
Congolese	20,210	9,960	10,250	130	80	55
Edo	110	60	45	0	0	0
Ewe	460	265	200	0	0	0
Gabonese	1,165	545	620	0	0	0
Gambian	150	95	55	0	0	0
Ghanaian	3,235	1,660	1,575	65	40	20
Guinean	5,255	2,765	2,485	0	0	0
Ibo	185	95	95	20	20	0
Ivorian	8,545	4,350	4,200	15	10	10
Liberian	150	60	90	15	0	10
Malian	3,535	1,755	1,775	0	10	0
Malinké	635	340	295	0	0	0
Nigerian	2,820	1,510	1,310	360	190	170
Peulh	2,110	1,080	1,030	0	0	0
Senegalese	8,250	4,420	3,835	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	110	55	55	0	0	10
Togolese	4,080	2,210	1,870	10	0	0
Wolof	660	390	270	0	0	0
Yoruba	460	225	235	80	65	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	6,955	3,690	3,275	30	25	10
North African origins	225,125	117,725	107,410	630	380	250
Algerian	60,375	31,185	29,190	20	20	10
Berber	33,825	17,840	15,985	25	10	10
Coptic	685	385	305	0	0	0
Dinka	15	10	10	0	0	0
Egyptian	29,400	15,295	14,100	320	185	135
Libyan	1,075	590	485	165	85	75
Maure	530	290	240	0	0	0
Moroccan	85,940	44,520	41,420	40	35	10
Sudanese	370	220	150	75	60	20
Tunisian	21,475	11,775	9,695	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	3,340	1,845	1,490	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	28,925	14,225	14,705	610	340	270
Afrikaner	115	75	40	0	0	0
Amhara	65	30	35	10	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	1,905	1,040	870	0	0	0
Burundian	6,015	2,945	3,070	25	15	10
Djiboutian	450	205	245	0	0	0
Eritrean	580	290	290	55	25	25
Ethiopian	1,575	785	785	70	45	25
Harari	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kenyan	530	270	260	10	10	0
Malagasy	3,735	1,815	1,920	0	0	0
Mauritian	3,695	1,735	1,960	20	10	10
Oromo	20	15	10	10	0	0
Rwandan	5,130	2,445	2,685	0	0	0
Seychellois	775	345	425	20	10	10
Somali	1,785	865	915	30	15	15
South African	900	490	420	120	75	50
Tanzanian	325	190	140	40	35	0
Tigrian	95	35	55	0	0	0
Ugandan	290	135	160	55	30	30
Zambian	45	20	25	35	25	10
Zimbabwean	300	150	145	110	40	70
Zulu	70	35	35	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,790	915	875	65	25	40
Other African origins	46,805	22,845	23,965	805	365	435
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	3,800	1,845	1,950	65	35	30
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	43,785	21,415	22,370	755	345	415
Asian origins	563,150	275,170	287,980	10,095	5,240	4,850
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	240,795	123,985	116,810	2,660	1,365	1,295
Afghan	10,945	5,550	5,395	10	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	44,875	23,680	21,195	355	200	160
Armenian	27,380	13,515	13,865	55	20	30
Assyrian	370	205	165	0	10	0
Azerbaijani	555	295	255	10	0	10
Georgian	635	295	345	0	0	0
Hazara	385	190	200	0	0	0
Iranian	25,530	12,845	12,685	215	110	110
Iraqi	5,520	2,780	2,740	265	145	115
Israeli	6,060	3,235	2,830	0	0	0
Jordanian	1,610	840	770	135	80	50
Kazakh	620	295	325	15	0	10
Kurd	2,135	1,180	960	10	0	0
Kuwaiti	95	50	50	15	0	10
Kyrgyz	260	140	120	0	0	0
Lebanese	78,140	40,695	37,450	995	465	530
Palestinian	6,865	3,520	3,345	95	60	35
Pashtun	515	280	235	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	645	390	255	35	20	15
Syrian	27,465	13,845	13,620	335	170	165
Tajik	390	180	210	60	15	40
Tatar	910	430	485	0	0	0
Turk	15,060	7,520	7,545	100	75	25
Turkmen	65	45	25	10	0	0
Uighur	375	185	190	0	0	0
Uzbek	465	210	255	20	10	0
Yemeni	805	450	355	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,465	1,385	1,075	40	20	20
South Asian origins	95,670	48,925	46,745	2,740	1,570	1,175
Bangladeshi	7,075	3,625	3,450	240	155	85
Bengali	4,125	2,035	2,090	60	35	25
Bhutanese	420	205	215	50	40	10
East Indian	51,650	26,505	25,140	1,820	1,020	805
Goan	210	105	110	0	0	0
Gujarati	420	205	215	0	0	0
Kashmiri	260	155	105	0	0	0
Nepali	930	460	470	95	60	40
Pakistani	13,535	7,000	6,535	335	215	120
Punjabi	2,970	1,675	1,295	40	25	20
Sinhalese	310	135	175	10	0	0
Sri Lankan	14,750	7,300	7,450	120	65	55
Tamil	3,100	1,610	1,495	55	35	20
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	2,135	1,190	945	90	25	60
East and Southeast Asian origins	229,985	103,805	126,180	4,735	2,315	2,420
Burmese	530	270	255	35	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	15,345	7,360	7,985	25	20	0
Chinese	121,445	54,595	66,850	2,700	1,435	1,265
Filipino	37,910	15,590	22,320	1,525	615	910
Hmong	35	10	20	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,320	570	755	70	35	35
Japanese	6,495	2,615	3,875	100	35	70
Karen	95	55	40	35	25	10
Korean	8,740	4,155	4,580	100	35	60
Laotian	7,625	3,860	3,770	25	10	20
Malaysian	645	300	340	120	70	50
Mongolian	960	470	485	10	10	10
Singaporean	105	65	40	0	0	0
Taiwanese	2,205	940	1,265	30	20	10
Thai	2,695	1,065	1,635	65	35	30
Tibetan	80	45	30	15	10	0
Vietnamese	43,080	20,790	22,290	75	40	35
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	275	125	155	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	1,765	905	865	45	30	15
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	1,770	905	860	45	30	15
Oceania origins	3,250	1,730	1,515	240	115	125
Australian	2,055	1,125	935	165	75	85
New Zealander	490	245	245	25	15	10
Pacific Islands origins	785	410	380	45	20	25
Fijian	70	25	40	0	0	10
Hawaiian	60	40	20	10	0	0
Maori	90	55	35	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	290	145	145	10	0	10
Samoan	15	15	0	10	10	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	295	155	145	15	10	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	3,531,665	...	...	218,670	...	...
Owner	2,163,735	...	...	167,700	...	...
Renter	1,362,010	...	...	50,530	...	...
Band housing	5,915	...	...	445	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	3,531,660	...	...	218,675	...	...
Condominium	413,325	...	...	4,630	...	...
Not condominium	3,118,340	...	...	214,045	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	3,531,665	...	...	218,675	...	...
No bedrooms	23,725	...	...	230	...	...
1 bedroom	573,370	...	...	11,785	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,100,310	...	...	48,445	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,157,300	...	...	102,580	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	676,955	...	...	55,630	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	3,531,665	...	...	218,675	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,258,215	...	...	32,240	...	...
5 rooms	620,935	...	...	34,295	...	...
6 rooms	432,090	...	...	39,180	...	...
7 rooms	403,255	...	...	34,060	...	...
8 or more rooms	817,165	...	...	78,895	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	3,531,665	...	...	218,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,492,135	...	...	217,795	...	...
More than 1 person per room	39,530	...	...	880	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	3,531,660	...	...	218,675	...	...
Suitable	3,398,910	...	...	214,690	...	...
Not suitable	132,755	...	...	3,985	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	3,531,660	...	...	218,675	...	...
1960 or before	894,495	...	...	43,255	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,116,760	...	...	71,280	...	...
1981 to 1990	503,495	...	...	34,040	...	...
1991 to 2000	369,020	...	...	25,375	...	...
2001 to 2005	196,830	...	...	12,395	...	...
2006 to 2010	241,545	...	...	16,210	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	209,515	...	...	16,120	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	3,531,665	...	...	218,675	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	3,304,625	...	...	204,465	...	...
Major repairs needed	227,040	...	...	14,210	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	3,531,665	...	...	218,675	...	...
1 household maintainer	2,221,970	...	...	128,070	...	...
2 household maintainers	1,264,195	...	...	87,205	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	45,500	...	...	3,400	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	3,531,665	...	...	218,670	...	...
15 to 24 years	119,495	...	...	5,730	...	...
25 to 34 years	498,070	...	...	25,840	...	...
35 to 44 years	603,840	...	...	33,600	...	...
45 to 54 years	682,290	...	...	44,480	...	...
55 to 64 years	731,390	...	...	47,380	...	...
65 to 74 years	541,630	...	...	38,295	...	...
75 to 84 years	270,280	...	...	18,275	...	...
85 years and over	84,680	...	...	5,080	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	3,496,460	...	...	217,560	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,763,105	...	...	180,060	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	733,355	...	...	37,505	...	...
30% to less than 100%	647,975	...	...	33,880	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,141,690	...	...	167,335	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	61.9	...	...	49.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.9	...	...	10.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	983	...	...	743	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,085	...	...	984	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	250,302	...	...	219,228	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	290,484	...	...	243,157	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,358,265	...	...	50,415	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	9.3	...	...	22.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	33.7	...	...	39.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	720	...	...	802	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	775	...	...	836	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240	437,935	212,785	225,155
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,323,070	674,955	648,115	102,665	51,170	51,495
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,426,980	674,820	752,155	109,480	50,205	59,275
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,884,235	1,910,260	1,973,970	225,790	111,405	114,380
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,120,730	681,515	439,215	49,435	36,325	13,110
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	806,585	435,090	371,495	24,305	14,660	9,645
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	314,145	246,425	67,720	25,130	21,665	3,460
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	1,165,515	506,775	658,740	101,250	42,910	58,340
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	236,255	93,680	142,575	10,400	4,280	6,125
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,361,730	628,290	733,440	64,700	27,900	36,800
Bachelor's degree	872,060	384,275	487,790	42,850	17,810	25,040
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	118,955	54,255	64,695	2,995	1,395	1,605
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	39,045	19,865	19,185	1,790	1,055	735
Master's degree	281,215	139,280	141,935	14,820	6,180	8,640
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	50,455	30,615	19,840	2,250	1,465	785
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,125	287,880	139,650	148,230
No certificate, diploma or degree	580,635	323,880	256,750	45,170	23,965	21,205
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	808,955	396,620	412,330	65,210	30,300	34,910
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,982,345	1,447,305	1,535,040	177,495	85,380	92,115
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	866,595	513,575	353,015	36,075	26,475	9,605
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	631,795	330,140	301,655	18,045	10,900	7,145
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	234,800	183,440	51,360	18,030	15,580	2,455
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	832,430	367,185	465,245	81,955	34,175	47,780
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	167,025	67,530	99,495	6,680	2,970	3,710
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	1,116,300	499,010	617,290	52,785	21,760	31,025
Bachelor's degree	712,935	308,760	404,175	34,555	13,960	20,595
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	94,240	40,085	54,160	2,410	1,070	1,340
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30,775	13,505	17,270	1,515	810	700
Master's degree	238,300	113,895	124,410	12,610	4,860	7,755
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	40,050	22,780	17,270	1,705	1,060	645
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	437,935	212,780	225,150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	2,750,050	1,349,775	1,400,270	212,145	101,375	110,770
Education	273,320	62,470	210,845	19,040	5,665	13,375
13. Education	273,320	62,470	210,845	19,035	5,665	13,375
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	156,720	71,485	85,240	3,660	1,705	1,950
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25,380	18,280	7,100	760	590	170
50. Visual and performing arts	131,340	53,200	78,140	2,900	1,115	1,785
Humanities	215,735	86,065	129,675	7,180	2,965	4,220
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	32,180	7,165	25,020	470	125	350
23. English language and literature/letters	12,900	4,060	8,835	1,735	610	1,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	103,120	42,685	60,435	1,675	540	1,135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	880	395	485	70	45	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10,400	6,650	3,755	595	315	280
39. Theology and religious vocations	10,125	6,200	3,930	1,325	740	585
54. History	17,055	9,990	7,065	870	490	380
55. French language and literature/letters	29,070	8,920	20,155	440	95	340
Social and behavioural sciences and law	380,995	125,025	255,975	13,825	4,140	9,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,315	1,165	3,150	315	95	215
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	48,530	16,690	31,845	850	320	535
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	77,470	6,070	71,400	3,695	280	3,410
22. Legal professions and studies	67,185	25,785	41,395	1,930	595	1,345
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	9,905	2,035	7,870	170	40	130
42. Psychology	57,335	14,030	43,305	2,340	595	1,745
45. Social sciences	116,255	59,245	57,015	4,515	2,220	2,300
Business, management and public administration	879,190	321,450	557,740	47,775	11,015	36,760
30.16 Accounting and computer science	815	300	520	150	30	125
44. Public administration and social service professions	47,715	10,490	37,225	2,725	510	2,220
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	830,660	310,665	519,990	44,900	10,480	34,420
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140,990	76,780	64,215	5,570	2,930	2,645
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	49,705	20,900	28,805	2,225	960	1,265
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	23,210	13,865	9,350	1,280	650	635
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	21,890	10,810	11,080	130	55	80
40. Physical sciences	39,060	27,545	11,515	1,665	1,190	475
41. Science technologies/technicians	7,120	3,660	3,465	270	75	190
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	152,105	104,850	47,255	8,305	4,255	4,055
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125,480	92,730	32,750	7,085	3,705	3,380
25. Library science	11,110	2,145	8,965	475	70	400
27. Mathematics and statistics	13,415	8,365	5,045	690	420	265
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	2,100	1,605	495	60	50	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	828,400	758,350	70,055	61,025	55,930	5,095
04. Architecture and related services	29,015	17,055	11,960	275	200	75
14. Engineering	150,450	124,585	25,865	6,685	5,515	1,175
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	150,640	135,445	15,195	12,325	10,200	2,130
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	60	20	40	20	10	15
46. Construction trades	185,385	179,995	5,390	19,465	18,750	720
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	184,280	178,510	5,770	14,775	14,250	520
48. Precision production	128,580	122,750	5,830	7,480	7,015	465
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	85,485	56,900	28,585	3,630	2,395	1,240
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	51,770	30,870	20,900	1,170	620	555
03. Natural resources and conservation	33,715	26,025	7,690	2,465	1,780	685
Health and related fields	480,230	95,450	384,780	32,275	5,370	26,905
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	27,955	14,675	13,280	1,585	880	705
51. Health professions and related programs	441,105	74,630	366,470	30,030	4,130	25,900
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	11,160	6,140	5,020	655	355	295
Personal, protective and transportation services	290,005	151,070	138,935	23,495	15,050	8,450
12. Personal and culinary services	164,595	43,720	120,875	9,540	2,345	7,185
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	290	270	20	15	15	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,345	1,245	100	175	150	20
43. Security and protective services	54,625	42,415	12,210	2,285	1,735	545
49. Transportation and materials moving	69,160	63,425	5,740	11,490	10,795	695
Other	1,055	375	680	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	1,055	375	675	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	4,371,935	2,167,805	2,204,130	287,880	139,650	148,230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,389,585	720,500	669,085	110,380	54,270	56,115
Education	180,615	37,990	142,625	12,575	3,380	9,200
13. Education	180,615	37,990	142,625	12,580	3,380	9,195
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	122,045	55,575	66,475	2,940	1,310	1,635
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	19,510	13,740	5,770	510	355	155
50. Visual and performing arts	102,535	41,830	60,705	2,430	955	1,480
Humanities	138,330	54,580	83,750	5,105	2,045	3,055
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	25,220	5,455	19,765	360	80	275
23. English language and literature/letters	9,585	2,990	6,595	1,260	420	840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	57,730	25,305	32,430	1,185	390	790
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	600	255	350	65	45	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,980	4,415	2,570	415	215	195
39. Theology and religious vocations	5,415	3,380	2,035	835	475	355
54. History	12,235	7,140	5,095	675	365	315
55. French language and literature/letters	20,555	5,640	14,915	320	60	260
Social and behavioural sciences and law	301,550	95,120	206,430	11,820	3,365	8,450
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	3,550	925	2,620	260	75	190
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40,275	13,900	26,370	710	245	465
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	63,120	4,295	58,825	3,175	250	2,920
22. Legal professions and studies	53,620	18,830	34,790	1,675	450	1,225
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	6,840	1,420	5,420	130	30	100
42. Psychology	44,540	10,255	34,285	1,945	455	1,495
45. Social sciences	89,610	45,495	44,110	3,925	1,865	2,060
Business, management and public administration	706,400	248,920	457,480	39,285	8,560	30,725
30.16 Accounting and computer science	615	215	400	125	25	100
44. Public administration and social service professions	38,320	7,835	30,485	2,295	370	1,925
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	667,470	240,870	426,600	36,865	8,160	28,705
Physical and life sciences and technologies	92,480	49,390	43,090	4,275	2,175	2,100
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	40,895	16,635	24,260	1,665	665	1,005
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	12,450	7,435	5,015	1,020	515	510
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	4,175	2,385	1,785	75	35	40
40. Physical sciences	29,705	20,255	9,445	1,320	900	425
41. Science technologies/technicians	5,255	2,675	2,580	190	60	125
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	132,750	91,865	40,885	7,640	3,965	3,675
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	112,715	83,240	29,470	6,670	3,510	3,165
25. Library science	8,720	1,665	7,055	345	65	285
27. Mathematics and statistics	9,725	5,815	3,915	560	340	220
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	1,585	1,150	440	55	50	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	639,185	577,845	61,335	46,125	42,065	4,060
04. Architecture and related services	24,260	13,870	10,385	230	165	65
14. Engineering	126,835	103,165	23,665	5,500	4,465	1,030
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	116,595	103,710	12,885	9,790	8,085	1,705
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	50	15	30	15	0	15
46. Construction trades	134,865	130,350	4,510	14,430	13,915	510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	139,935	135,155	4,780	10,765	10,340	420
48. Precision production	96,655	91,580	5,075	5,400	5,090	310
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	69,865	45,215	24,655	3,025	1,945	1,085
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	41,755	23,965	17,795	930	460	475
03. Natural resources and conservation	28,110	21,250	6,860	2,095	1,485	610
Health and related fields	368,600	72,245	296,355	25,620	4,275	21,350
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	22,660	11,635	11,030	1,265	730	530
51. Health professions and related programs	337,320	56,510	280,810	23,810	3,275	20,540
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	8,620	4,110	4,510	545	265	275
Personal, protective and transportation services	229,640	118,260	111,375	19,080	12,300	6,785
12. Personal and culinary services	129,245	32,830	96,410	7,705	1,895	5,815
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	225	200	25	10	15	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	875	795	80	160	130	25
43. Security and protective services	42,550	32,575	9,975	1,885	1,440	445
49. Transportation and materials moving	56,750	51,860	4,890	9,330	8,825	505
Other	890	300	595	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	890	300	595	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,240	437,935	212,785	225,150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,750,045	1,349,775	1,400,270	212,145	101,375	110,775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	3,884,235	1,910,265	1,973,970	225,790	111,405	114,380
Location of study inside Canada	3,509,610	1,716,730	1,792,880	217,745	107,100	110,645
Same as province or territory of residence	3,367,195	1,642,930	1,724,270	188,225	92,155	96,070
Different than province or territory of residence	142,415	73,800	68,610	29,520	14,945	14,575
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	374,620	193,530	181,090	8,045	4,305	3,735
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	28,320	16,915	11,410	2,175	1,205	965
Philippines	12,515	3,600	8,920	820	305	515
India	6,805	3,660	3,150	405	230	180
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	11,250	6,535	4,715	1,495	905	585
China^{Census data footnote 162}	17,155	7,755	9,395	335	190	140
France	69,665	39,885	29,780	125	65	60
Other	228,905	115,185	113,725	2,695	1,410	1,285
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	4,371,935	2,167,810	2,204,130	287,880	139,650	148,230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,389,590	720,505	669,085	110,380	54,270	56,115
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,982,350	1,447,305	1,535,045	177,500	85,380	92,115
Location of study inside Canada	2,676,230	1,293,455	1,382,780	171,300	82,140	89,165
Same as province or territory of residence	2,567,605	1,238,320	1,329,280	147,040	70,500	76,540
Different than province or territory of residence	108,630	55,125	53,500	24,265	11,635	12,630
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	306,115	153,850	152,265	6,195	3,245	2,955
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	19,655	11,145	8,505	1,375	725	650
Philippines	10,545	2,935	7,610	765	295	470
India	4,865	2,465	2,400	360	195	165
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	7,390	4,245	3,145	1,010	645	370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	15,420	6,865	8,550	285	165	125
France	57,315	32,115	25,205	110	55	55
Other	190,930	94,085	96,850	2,285	1,160	1,125
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	6,634,280	3,260,040	3,374,245	437,935	212,785	225,150
In the labour force	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	256,855	133,110	123,745
Employed	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220	216,705	108,395	108,310
Unemployed	306,170	177,630	128,540	40,150	24,715	15,440
Not in the labour force	2,378,780	1,045,300	1,333,480	181,080	79,675	101,405
Participation rate	64.1	67.9	60.5	58.7	62.6	55.0
Employment rate	59.5	62.5	56.7	49.5	50.9	48.1
Unemployment rate	7.2	8.0	6.3	15.6	18.6	12.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	6,634,280	3,260,035	3,374,240	437,935	212,785	225,150
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	2,228,315	967,660	1,260,655	158,915	67,920	90,995
Worked	4,405,965	2,292,375	2,113,585	279,020	144,865	134,155
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	2,084,020	1,145,805	938,215	128,865	66,480	62,385
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	2,321,945	1,146,575	1,175,375	150,155	78,385	71,770
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	42.7	42.3	38.9	38.3	39.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	256,855	133,110	123,745
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,485	51,640	49,850	5,055	2,700	2,350
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,015	2,163,095	1,990,915	251,795	130,405	121,395
Employee	3,664,920	1,863,740	1,801,185	236,110	120,790	115,315
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	489,090	299,355	189,730	15,690	9,615	6,075
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	4,255,500	2,214,735	2,040,765	256,855	133,110	123,745
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,490	51,640	49,850	5,055	2,705	2,350
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915	251,800	130,405	121,390
0 Management occupations	418,450	263,585	154,875	20,870	11,930	8,940
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	677,390	210,525	466,865	32,115	8,130	23,985
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	286,270	222,375	63,895	16,780	13,320	3,460
3 Health occupations	295,765	57,160	238,610	18,865	3,190	15,675
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	502,945	147,145	355,795	32,515	8,935	23,585
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	135,730	64,370	71,365	4,830	2,045	2,790
6 Sales and service occupations	988,610	449,820	538,790	56,205	21,550	34,650
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	574,675	544,100	30,570	47,890	45,235	2,655
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	67,290	55,610	11,685	11,845	9,800	2,045
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	206,875	148,405	58,475	9,885	6,270	3,615
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	4,255,495	2,214,735	2,040,765	256,855	133,110	123,745
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	101,490	51,635	49,850	5,055	2,705	2,355
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	4,154,010	2,163,095	1,990,915	251,800	130,405	121,395
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	84,060	60,460	23,595	8,720	6,635	2,085
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20,920	18,175	2,745	9,780	8,190	1,595
22 Utilities	28,410	20,650	7,755	2,695	2,065	625
23 Construction	254,055	223,770	30,285	27,360	24,470	2,885
31-33 Manufacturing	458,315	332,080	126,240	16,735	11,520	5,215
41 Wholesale trade	157,365	104,885	52,475	5,640	4,065	1,580
44-45 Retail trade	508,170	239,625	268,545	31,755	13,635	18,125
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	187,550	142,550	45,000	12,235	9,105	3,125
51 Information and cultural industries	100,775	59,705	41,070	3,690	1,975	1,715
52 Finance and insurance	165,140	66,175	98,965	5,255	1,585	3,675
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	61,380	36,505	24,875	2,520	1,515	1,005
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	288,715	161,030	127,685	10,885	6,005	4,885
55 Management of companies and enterprises	3,305	1,270	2,035	200	115	90
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	176,185	108,280	67,905	7,375	4,150	3,230
61 Educational services	306,575	96,170	210,405	17,800	6,130	11,670
62 Health care and social assistance	532,680	99,380	433,295	37,130	6,040	31,090
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	84,130	44,235	39,895	3,595	1,885	1,720
72 Accommodation and food services	278,500	123,235	155,265	17,660	6,285	11,370
81 Other services (except public administration)	193,700	89,455	104,245	10,565	4,680	5,890
91 Public administration	264,085	135,455	128,630	20,190	10,365	9,825
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	3,949,325	2,037,105	1,912,220	216,705	108,390	108,310
Worked at home	266,285	134,325	131,960	9,965	4,315	5,655
Worked outside Canada	10,600	7,580	3,020	650	530	120
No fixed workplace address	351,595	265,405	86,185	26,135	20,220	5,910
Worked at usual place	3,320,850	1,629,795	1,691,050	179,955	83,330	96,625
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	3,320,845	1,629,795	1,691,050	179,955	83,335	96,625
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,732,155	810,895	921,260	96,140	41,420	54,720
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	485,450	234,700	250,750	71,710	33,265	38,445
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,037,125	549,095	488,030	8,615	5,795	2,820
Commute to a different province or territory	66,125	35,110	31,015	3,495	2,850	645
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	3,672,445	1,895,200	1,777,240	206,085	103,555	102,540
Car, truck, van - as a driver	2,739,405	1,475,775	1,263,625	167,405	83,525	83,875
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	133,760	51,045	82,715	16,255	6,690	9,565
Public transit	503,285	217,465	285,820	5,185	3,340	1,845
Walked	205,350	93,595	111,760	10,010	4,405	5,605
Bicycle	54,625	36,470	18,155	315	260	55
Other method	36,010	20,845	15,170	6,925	5,330	1,595
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	3,672,440	1,895,200	1,777,240	206,090	103,555	102,540
Less than 15 minutes	1,035,455	493,225	542,235	95,355	42,345	53,015
15 to 29 minutes	1,200,455	617,010	583,445	68,435	34,355	34,085
30 to 44 minutes	777,955	425,640	352,310	20,960	11,500	9,460
45 to 59 minutes	343,540	184,440	159,100	6,490	3,755	2,730
60 minutes and over	315,035	174,875	140,160	14,850	11,605	3,245
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	3,672,440	1,895,205	1,777,240	206,090	103,555	102,540
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	256,150	192,835	63,315	11,825	9,160	2,665
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	675,585	420,120	255,465	25,555	17,110	8,450
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,133,510	527,925	605,580	64,365	33,725	30,635
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	714,935	296,300	418,630	54,780	20,795	33,990
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	349,845	148,715	201,125	19,175	6,340	12,830
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	542,425	309,295	233,125	30,390	16,420	13,970
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	4,529,770	2,352,115	2,177,655	286,035	148,060	137,975
Single responses	4,187,865	2,169,480	2,018,385	285,380	147,830	137,555
Official languages	4,153,710	2,152,290	2,001,420	284,750	147,500	137,250
English	541,720	294,935	246,780	283,805	147,190	136,610
French	3,611,990	1,857,350	1,754,640	945	310	640
Non-official languages	34,160	17,190	16,970	630	330	300
Aboriginal languages	12,670	6,180	6,490	440	205	230
Algonquian languages	8,350	4,095	4,260	415	200	215
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	8,285	4,060	4,220	415	200	210
Atikamekw	1,100	580	515	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	1,800	840	960	250	125	125
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	210	105	100	165	75	90
Northern East Cree	35	20	15	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5,145	2,515	2,630	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	20	10	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	20	10	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	15	25	0	0	0
Algonquin	45	20	30	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	4,305	2,080	2,220	20	10	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	4,290	2,075	2,215	25	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	10
Iroquoian languages	15	0	15	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	15	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	21,490	11,005	10,480	190	120	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,895	1,125	775	25	20	0
Berber languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Kabyle	15	0	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,860	1,110	745	20	20	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	1,715	1,045	665	20	20	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	140	70	70	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,725	850	870	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	315	140	175	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,410	710	695	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	65	70	15	10	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	50	60	15	10	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	275	90	190	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	265	90	175	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	150	75	75	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	145	75	70	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,165	5,255	4,910	35	25	10
Albanian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Armenian	275	130	145	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,130	500	635	0	0	0
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	10	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	10	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,115	495	625	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	55	20	30	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	170	65	105	0	0	0
Russian	735	340	395	0	0	0
Serbian	10	15	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	110	35	75	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,285	575	715	25	20	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Dutch	25	10	15	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	370	170	195	10	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swedish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	860	375	485	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	525	260	270	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,385	780	600	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	680	390	295	0	0	0
Bengali	110	70	35	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	0	10	0	0	0
Hindi	35	20	15	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	0	10	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	415	225	190	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	85	50	35	0	0	0
Iranian languages	700	395	305	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	15	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	675	385	285	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,525	2,990	2,540	15	10	10
Catalan	15	0	15	0	0	0
Italian	590	315	275	0	0	0
Portuguese	635	365	270	0	10	0
Romanian	320	140	175	0	0	0
Spanish	3,975	2,165	1,810	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	235	80	150	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0
Georgian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	300	150	150	10	0	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	20	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	25	20	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	205	60	140	35	15	15
American Sign Language	0	0	0	20	0	15
Quebec Sign Language	125	20	110	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	45	30	10	15	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,070	3,125	2,945	80	50	35
Chinese languages	6,075	3,130	2,950	85	50	30
Cantonese	2,655	1,325	1,330	30	20	10
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	3,100	1,630	1,465	15	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	40	30	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	235	130	110	40	25	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	110	40	75	0	0	0
Lao	55	25	30	0	0	0
Thai	55	10	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	110	60	50	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	110	55	55	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	10	40	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	0	35	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	341,900	182,635	159,265	655	230	420
English and French	315,620	169,365	146,255	480	135	340
English and non-official language	6,545	3,655	2,890	170	95	70
French and non-official language	7,525	3,460	4,065	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	12,205	6,160	6,055	0	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	4,529,770	2,352,110	2,177,655	286,035	148,060	137,975
None	3,107,035	1,588,345	1,518,690	281,215	146,080	135,130
English	1,031,380	555,940	475,440	1,115	405	710
French	317,490	169,785	147,705	2,665	1,060	1,605
Non-official language	49,850	25,900	23,950	995	475	520
Aboriginal	4,985	2,285	2,705	435	175	265
Non-Aboriginal	44,865	23,620	21,245	555	300	255
English and French	2,185	1,040	1,140	10	0	0
English and non-official language	14,910	7,255	7,655	0	10	0
French and non-official language	6,855	3,795	3,055	40	30	10
English, French and non-official language	65	50	20	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	7,880,315	3,897,740	3,982,575	507,965	248,690	259,270
Non-movers	6,965,520	3,447,320	3,518,195	457,145	224,045	233,100
Movers	914,800	450,420	464,380	50,825	24,650	26,170
Non-migrants	547,410	269,850	277,560	26,690	12,990	13,695
Migrants	367,385	180,565	186,820	24,135	11,655	12,475
Internal migrants	305,465	149,335	156,135	22,190	10,710	11,475
Intraprovincial migrants	284,280	137,945	146,330	15,445	7,375	8,070
Interprovincial migrants	21,190	11,385	9,805	6,745	3,340	3,405
External migrants	61,920	31,235	30,685	1,945	950	995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	7,520,960	3,714,155	3,806,805	489,795	239,505	250,295
Non-movers	4,825,870	2,388,805	2,437,065	347,175	169,930	177,245
Movers	2,695,090	1,325,345	1,369,740	142,625	69,575	73,050
Non-migrants	1,507,665	741,220	766,440	69,950	33,920	36,030
Migrants	1,187,425	584,125	603,295	72,675	35,660	37,015
Internal migrants	949,170	464,830	484,340	66,305	32,250	34,055
Intraprovincial migrants	893,800	436,525	457,270	42,755	20,410	22,345
Interprovincial migrants	55,370	28,300	27,070	23,545	11,835	11,710
External migrants	238,250	119,295	118,960	6,370	3,410	2,965

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Quebec [Province] and Newfoundland and Labrador [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 16, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Newfoundland and Labrador [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Quebec [Province] and Newfoundland and Labrador [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Quebec [Province] and Newfoundland and Labrador [Province]