Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Saskatchewan [Province]			Saskatchewan [Province]
	Data quality , Saskatchewan [Province] Map : Saskatchewan [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Saskatchewan [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,098,352	...	...	1,098,352	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,033,381	...	...	1,033,381	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	495,582	...	...	495,582	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	432,622	...	...	432,622	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	588,243.54	...	...	588,243.54	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,098,350	545,785	552,565	1,098,350	545,785	552,565
0 to 14 years	215,685	110,410	105,275	215,685	110,410	105,275
0 to 4 years	73,130	37,335	35,795	73,130	37,335	35,795
5 to 9 years	74,460	38,155	36,305	74,460	38,155	36,305
10 to 14 years	68,095	34,920	33,175	68,095	34,920	33,175
15 to 64 years	712,240	358,110	354,130	712,240	358,110	354,130
15 to 19 years	67,660	34,675	32,980	67,660	34,675	32,980
20 to 24 years	70,060	36,075	33,985	70,060	36,075	33,985
25 to 29 years	77,525	39,290	38,235	77,525	39,290	38,235
30 to 34 years	77,520	38,610	38,915	77,520	38,610	38,915
35 to 39 years	71,590	35,940	35,650	71,590	35,940	35,650
40 to 44 years	64,950	32,515	32,440	64,950	32,515	32,440
45 to 49 years	63,580	31,780	31,795	63,580	31,780	31,795
50 to 54 years	75,245	37,230	38,015	75,245	37,230	38,015
55 to 59 years	76,195	38,070	38,125	76,195	38,070	38,125
60 to 64 years	67,915	33,935	33,985	67,915	33,935	33,985
65 years and over	170,425	77,265	93,160	170,425	77,265	93,160
65 to 69 years	53,230	26,285	26,945	53,230	26,285	26,945
70 to 74 years	37,740	18,225	19,510	37,740	18,225	19,510
75 to 79 years	29,400	13,415	15,985	29,400	13,415	15,985
80 to 84 years	23,115	9,945	13,170	23,115	9,945	13,170
85 years and over	26,940	9,395	17,550	26,940	9,395	17,550
85 to 89 years	16,280	6,305	9,975	16,280	6,305	9,975
90 to 94 years	8,000	2,515	5,485	8,000	2,515	5,485
95 to 99 years	2,290	520	1,760	2,290	520	1,760
100 years and over	375	50	325	375	50	325
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	20.2	19.1	19.6	20.2	19.1
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.6	64.1	64.8	65.6	64.1
65 years and over	15.5	14.2	16.9	15.5	14.2	16.9
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.2	2.5	1.7	3.2
Average age of the population	39.1	38.2	40.0	39.1	38.2	40.0
Median age of the population	37.8	36.9	38.7	37.8	36.9	38.7
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	432,620	...	...	432,620	...	...
Single-detached house	314,340	...	...	314,340	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,520	...	...	10,520	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	98,435	...	...	98,435	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,705	...	...	12,705	...	...
Row house	18,535	...	...	18,535	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,385	...	...	9,385	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	57,115	...	...	57,115	...	...
Other single-attached house	700	...	...	700	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	9,325	...	...	9,325	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	432,625	...	...	432,625	...	...
1 person	121,175	...	...	121,175	...	...
2 persons	153,610	...	...	153,610	...	...
3 persons	60,240	...	...	60,240	...	...
4 persons	56,080	...	...	56,080	...	...
5 or more persons	41,520	...	...	41,520	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,070,560	...	...	1,070,560	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	882,670	435,375	447,290	882,670	435,375	447,290
Married or living common law	520,430	261,075	259,355	520,430	261,075	259,355
Married	437,875	219,800	218,075	437,875	219,800	218,075
Living common law	82,550	41,270	41,280	82,550	41,270	41,280
Not married and not living common law	362,240	174,310	187,930	362,240	174,310	187,930
Never married	242,070	133,750	108,325	242,070	133,750	108,325
Separated	19,795	8,945	10,855	19,795	8,945	10,855
Divorced	47,180	20,985	26,200	47,180	20,985	26,200
Widowed	53,190	10,635	42,555	53,190	10,635	42,555
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	302,260	...	...	302,260	...	...
2 persons	157,195	...	...	157,195	...	...
3 persons	58,770	...	...	58,770	...	...
4 persons	54,125	...	...	54,125	...	...
5 or more persons	32,170	...	...	32,170	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	302,260	...	...	302,260	...	...
Total couple families	252,765	...	...	252,765	...	...
Married couples	211,500	...	...	211,500	...	...
Common-law couples	41,265	...	...	41,265	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	49,495	...	...	49,495	...	...
Female parent	38,165	...	...	38,165	...	...
Male parent	11,330	...	...	11,330	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	252,770	...	...	252,770	...	...
Couples without children	129,085	...	...	129,085	...	...
Couples with children	123,685	...	...	123,685	...	...
1 child	45,495	...	...	45,495	...	...
2 children	49,035	...	...	49,035	...	...
3 or more children	29,150	...	...	29,150	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	49,490	...	...	49,490	...	...
1 child	28,110	...	...	28,110	...	...
2 children	13,280	...	...	13,280	...	...
3 or more children	8,105	...	...	8,105	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	187,765	95,550	92,210	187,765	95,550	92,210
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	432,620	...	...	432,620	...	...
One-census-family households	285,675	...	...	285,675	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,620	...	...	124,620	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	161,055	...	...	161,055	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,975	...	...	7,975	...	...
Non-census-family households	138,965	...	...	138,965	...	...
One-person households	121,175	...	...	121,175	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,795	...	...	17,795	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
English only	1,023,400	511,940	511,460	1,023,400	511,940	511,460
French only	535	255	280	535	255	280
English and French	51,360	23,290	28,065	51,360	23,290	28,065
Neither English nor French	7,945	3,620	4,325	7,945	3,620	4,325
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
English	1,060,225	528,155	532,075	1,060,225	528,155	532,075
French	13,555	6,590	6,960	13,555	6,590	6,960
English and French	1,770	890	885	1,770	890	885
Neither English nor French	7,685	3,475	4,220	7,685	3,475	4,220
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	14,435	7,035	7,405	14,435	7,035	7,405
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	1,083,240	539,105	544,135
Single responses	1,064,675	530,145	534,530	1,064,675	530,145	534,530
Official languages	907,715	452,955	454,760	907,715	452,955	454,760
English	892,615	445,635	446,985	892,615	445,635	446,985
French	15,100	7,320	7,775	15,100	7,320	7,775
Non-official languages	156,960	77,195	79,770	156,960	77,195	79,770
Aboriginal languages	28,340	13,685	14,660	28,340	13,685	14,660
Algonquian languages	19,965	9,640	10,325	19,965	9,640	10,325
Blackfoot	10	5	5	10	5	5
Cree-Montagnais languages	19,015	9,190	9,825	19,015	9,190	9,825
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	5	0	0
Naskapi	5	0	0	5	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	15	10	30	15	10
Plains Cree	2,080	975	1,105	2,080	975	1,105
Southern East Cree	5	5	5	5	5	5
Swampy Cree	250	115	135	250	115	135
Woods Cree	780	370	410	780	370	410
Cree, n.o.s.	15,860	7,710	8,155	15,860	7,710	8,155
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	5	0	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	5	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	935	445	490	935	445	490
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	925	440	485	925	440	485
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	10	5	5
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,800	4,060	7,860	3,800	4,060
Northern Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,805	4,055	7,860	3,805	4,055
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	7,855	3,800	4,055	7,855	3,800	4,055
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	10	20	35	10	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	5	5	0
Inuktitut	20	10	15	20	10	15
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	10	0	5
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	5	0	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	0	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	235	110	125	235	110	125
Salish languages	5	5	0	5	5	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	5	0	0	5	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	5	0	0	5	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	230	110	120	230	110	120
Dakota	195	85	105	195	85	105
Stoney	5	0	0	5	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	35	20	15
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian	5	5	0	5	5	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	10	5	5
Non-Aboriginal languages	128,620	63,510	65,110	128,620	63,510	65,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,770	3,560	3,215	6,770	3,560	3,215
Berber languages	10	5	0	10	5	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	10	5	0
Cushitic languages	1,050	505	545	1,050	505	545
Bilen	55	25	30	55	25	30
Oromo	195	100	90	195	100	90
Somali	775	355	415	775	355	415
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	25	15	10
Semitic languages	5,685	3,035	2,650	5,685	3,035	2,650
Amharic	290	140	155	290	140	155
Arabic	4,040	2,200	1,840	4,040	2,200	1,840
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	160	145	305	160	145
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	75	150	75	75
Harari	5	0	0	5	0	0
Hebrew	75	45	30	75	45	30
Maltese	10	5	5	10	5	5
Tigrigna	680	340	340	680	340	340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	130	65	60	130	65	60
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	25	15	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,560	1,250	1,305	2,560	1,250	1,305
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	70	70	135	70	70
Vietnamese	2,420	1,180	1,235	2,420	1,180	1,235
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	23,415	11,130	12,280	23,415	11,130	12,280
Bikol	85	40	40	85	40	40
Cebuano	1,545	685	855	1,545	685	855
Fijian	25	20	5	25	20	5
Hiligaynon	255	120	140	255	120	140
Ilocano	790	370	415	790	370	415
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	125	55	70	125	55	70
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	80	95	175	80	95
Pangasinan	40	15	25	40	15	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20,045	9,590	10,455	20,045	9,590	10,455
Waray-Waray	60	30	35	60	30	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	140	265	125	140
Creole languages	220	105	120	220	105	120
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	150	70	80
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	65	30	35
Dravidian languages	1,560	865	700	1,560	865	700
Kannada	60	35	30	60	35	30
Malayalam	850	455	395	850	455	395
Tamil	350	200	150	350	200	150
Telugu	285	165	120	285	165	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	10	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	73,170	36,230	36,930	73,170	36,230	36,930
Albanian	380	190	190	380	190	190
Armenian	70	40	30	70	40	30
Balto-Slavic languages	18,460	8,490	9,970	18,460	8,490	9,970
Baltic languages	175	85	90	175	85	90
Latvian	100	45	50	100	45	50
Lithuanian	75	40	35	75	40	35
Slavic languages	18,285	8,400	9,885	18,285	8,400	9,885
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	225	110	120	225	110	120
Bulgarian	65	35	30	65	35	30
Croatian	455	240	220	455	240	220
Czech	235	115	125	235	115	125
Macedonian	55	30	30	55	30	30
Polish	1,865	850	1,015	1,865	850	1,015
Russian	3,045	1,460	1,580	3,045	1,460	1,580
Serbian	465	235	225	465	235	225
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	65	120	60	65
Slovak	115	60	55	115	60	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	40	45	80	40	45
Ukrainian	11,270	5,035	6,230	11,270	5,035	6,230
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	290	145	145	290	145	145
Celtic languages	60	30	30	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	10	5	5
Welsh	30	10	15	30	10	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	5	25	10	5
Germanic languages	24,455	11,710	12,745	24,455	11,710	12,745
Afrikaans	880	450	430	880	450	430
Danish	255	145	110	255	145	110
Dutch	1,385	685	700	1,385	685	700
Frisian	30	20	10	30	20	10
German	21,320	10,150	11,170	21,320	10,150	11,170
Icelandic	55	20	25	55	20	25
Norwegian	310	140	165	310	140	165
Swedish	150	60	90	150	60	90
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	25	35	60	25	35
Yiddish	25	10	10	25	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	5	0
Greek	935	490	445	935	490	445
Indo-Iranian languages	22,335	12,065	10,270	22,335	12,065	10,270
Indo-Aryan languages	19,995	10,780	9,210	19,995	10,780	9,210
Bengali	2,795	1,495	1,300	2,795	1,495	1,300
Gujarati	2,510	1,420	1,090	2,510	1,420	1,090
Hindi	1,545	880	665	1,545	880	665
Kashmiri	20	10	10	20	10	10
Konkani	35	15	10	35	15	10
Marathi	140	80	55	140	80	55
Nepali	770	400	370	770	400	370
Oriya (Odia)	25	10	10	25	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,250	2,890	2,360	5,250	2,890	2,360
Sindhi	120	65	55	120	65	55
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	270	130	135	270	130	135
Urdu	6,520	3,380	3,135	6,520	3,380	3,135
Iranian languages	2,065	1,130	940	2,065	1,130	940
Kurdish	145	80	65	145	80	65
Pashto	555	315	235	555	315	235
Persian (Farsi)	1,370	735	635	1,370	735	635
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	155	120	275	155	120
Italic (Romance) languages	6,470	3,225	3,250	6,470	3,225	3,250
Catalan	5	0	0	5	0	0
Italian	705	365	340	705	365	340
Portuguese	615	265	350	615	265	350
Romanian	850	425	430	850	425	430
Spanish	4,290	2,165	2,125	4,290	2,165	2,125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	5	5
Japanese	320	100	220	320	100	220
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	5	5	5
Georgian	5	0	5	5	0	5
Korean	1,670	800	865	1,670	800	865
Mongolic languages	40	20	25	40	20	25
Mongolian	40	20	25	40	20	25
Niger-Congo languages	2,310	1,235	1,075	2,310	1,235	1,075
Akan (Twi)	190	115	75	190	115	75
Bamanankan	0	0	5	0	0	5
Edo	35	20	15	35	20	15
Ewe	50	30	20	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	5	25	15	5
Ga	20	15	5	20	15	5
Ganda	35	15	20	35	15	20
Igbo	215	125	90	215	125	90
Lingala	30	20	15	30	20	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	145	85	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	55	60	115	55	60
Shona	90	55	40	90	55	40
Swahili	425	220	205	425	220	205
Wolof	20	10	10	20	10	10
Yoruba	465	240	220	465	240	220
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	430	220	215	430	220	215
Nilo-Saharan languages	335	195	140	335	195	140
Dinka	115	70	45	115	70	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	120	100	220	120	100
Sign languages	200	100	100	200	100	100
American Sign Language	65	35	35	65	35	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	70	65	135	70	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,500	6,700	6,795	13,500	6,700	6,795
Chinese languages	12,460	6,165	6,290	12,460	6,165	6,290
Cantonese	3,775	1,830	1,950	3,775	1,830	1,950
Hakka	35	20	15	35	20	15
Mandarin	7,230	3,600	3,630	7,230	3,600	3,630
Min Dong	5	0	0	5	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	110	100	210	110	100
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	25	60	35	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,135	570	565	1,135	570	565
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,040	530	505	1,040	530	505
Burmese	180	115	65	180	115	65
Karenic languages	810	395	415	810	395	415
Tibetan	15	5	10	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	35	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages	525	235	290	525	235	290
Lao	345	175	170	345	175	170
Thai	180	55	125	180	55	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	360	185	175	360	185	175
Azerbaijani	25	10	10	25	10	10
Turkish	290	155	130	290	155	130
Uyghur	5	0	5	5	0	5
Uzbek	30	5	15	30	5	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	15	10	10
Uralic languages	1,555	735	820	1,555	735	820
Estonian	20	10	10	20	10	10
Finnish	205	85	120	205	85	120
Hungarian	1,330	650	685	1,330	650	685
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	100	55	45
Multiple responses	18,560	8,955	9,605	18,560	8,955	9,605
English and French	2,045	985	1,060	2,045	985	1,060
English and non-official language	15,925	7,675	8,245	15,925	7,675	8,245
French and non-official language	315	150	165	315	150	165
English, French and non-official language	280	145	135	280	145	135
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	1,083,240	539,100	544,130
Single responses	1,049,130	522,390	526,740	1,049,130	522,390	526,740
Official languages	968,625	481,845	486,780	968,625	481,845	486,780
English	964,640	479,915	484,730	964,640	479,915	484,730
French	3,985	1,930	2,050	3,985	1,930	2,050
Non-official languages	80,505	40,540	39,960	80,505	40,540	39,960
Aboriginal languages	16,605	8,355	8,245	16,605	8,355	8,245
Algonquian languages	10,145	5,185	4,960	10,145	5,185	4,960
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10,000	5,105	4,895	10,000	5,105	4,895
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,195	580	610	1,195	580	610
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	95	40	55	95	40	55
Woods Cree	180	100	85	180	100	85
Cree, n.o.s.	8,525	4,380	4,145	8,525	4,380	4,145
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	140	75	65	140	75	65
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	145	80	70	145	80	70
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	6,360	3,130	3,235	6,360	3,130	3,235
Northern Athabaskan languages	6,365	3,130	3,230	6,365	3,130	3,230
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	6,360	3,130	3,230	6,360	3,130	3,230
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	5	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	45	20	25	45	20	25
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	50	25	20	50	25	20
Dakota	35	15	10	35	15	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	15	5	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	63,905	32,185	31,720	63,905	32,185	31,720
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,625	2,340	2,290	4,625	2,340	2,290
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	0	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	720	335	380	720	335	380
Bilen	30	15	15	30	15	15
Oromo	140	75	70	140	75	70
Somali	530	245	290	530	245	290
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	15	5	5
Semitic languages	3,900	1,995	1,905	3,900	1,995	1,905
Amharic	150	75	70	150	75	70
Arabic	2,890	1,500	1,390	2,890	1,500	1,390
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	225	105	120	225	105	120
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	115	60	55	115	60	55
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	15	25	10	15
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	430	205	220	430	205	220
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	70	40	30
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,740	850	895	1,740	850	895
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	40	20	25
Vietnamese	1,700	830	865	1,700	830	865
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	12,515	6,210	6,300	12,515	6,210	6,300
Bikol	15	5	10	15	5	10
Cebuano	580	280	295	580	280	295
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	110	60	50	110	60	50
Ilocano	240	115	120	240	115	120
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	35	20	15	35	20	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	35	35	70	35	35
Pangasinan	10	5	5	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,345	5,630	5,715	11,345	5,630	5,715
Waray-Waray	15	5	5	15	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	95	50	45
Creole languages	95	35	65	95	35	65
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	65	25	40	65	25	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	35	10	20
Dravidian languages	845	440	410	845	440	410
Kannada	20	10	10	20	10	10
Malayalam	525	265	260	525	265	260
Tamil	155	90	65	155	90	65
Telugu	145	75	70	145	75	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	31,235	15,915	15,325	31,235	15,915	15,325
Albanian	205	100	100	205	100	100
Armenian	45	25	20	45	25	20
Balto-Slavic languages	5,170	2,560	2,610	5,170	2,560	2,610
Baltic languages	80	35	45	80	35	45
Latvian	40	20	20	40	20	20
Lithuanian	40	15	25	40	15	25
Slavic languages	5,090	2,525	2,560	5,090	2,525	2,560
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	85	45	40	85	45	40
Bulgarian	35	20	15	35	20	15
Croatian	170	85	85	170	85	85
Czech	30	20	15	30	20	15
Macedonian	35	15	15	35	15	15
Polish	480	220	255	480	220	255
Russian	1,725	875	840	1,725	875	840
Serbian	270	140	130	270	140	130
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	45	20	25
Slovak	30	15	15	30	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	5	5	0
Ukrainian	2,010	985	1,025	2,010	985	1,025
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	170	80	90
Celtic languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	5	0	5
Welsh	5	0	5	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0	5	0
Germanic languages	8,110	3,990	4,120	8,110	3,990	4,120
Afrikaans	530	275	250	530	275	250
Danish	10	5	0	10	5	0
Dutch	200	110	95	200	110	95
Frisian	5	0	0	5	0	0
German	7,290	3,565	3,725	7,290	3,565	3,725
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	10	10	5	10
Swedish	10	5	10	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0	0	5
Yiddish	5	0	5	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	45	25	20
Greek	395	190	205	395	190	205
Indo-Iranian languages	14,385	7,560	6,825	14,385	7,560	6,825
Indo-Aryan languages	12,960	6,820	6,140	12,960	6,820	6,140
Bengali	1,915	980	930	1,915	980	930
Gujarati	1,585	865	720	1,585	865	720
Hindi	880	490	390	880	490	390
Kashmiri	5	0	0	5	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5	10	5	5
Marathi	55	30	30	55	30	30
Nepali	570	290	275	570	290	275
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,485	1,885	1,605	3,485	1,885	1,605
Sindhi	55	25	25	55	25	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	70	70	140	70	70
Urdu	4,265	2,180	2,080	4,265	2,180	2,080
Iranian languages	1,280	660	615	1,280	660	615
Kurdish	65	40	30	65	40	30
Pashto	345	185	160	345	185	160
Persian (Farsi)	865	435	430	865	435	430
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	150	80	65
Italic (Romance) languages	2,920	1,480	1,435	2,920	1,480	1,435
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	155	80	75	155	80	75
Portuguese	220	100	115	220	100	115
Romanian	315	165	150	315	165	150
Spanish	2,220	1,130	1,085	2,220	1,130	1,085
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	10	0	5
Japanese	120	45	75	120	45	75
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	1,180	590	595	1,180	590	595
Mongolic languages	25	10	10	25	10	10
Mongolian	25	10	10	25	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	735	350	380	735	350	380
Akan (Twi)	55	30	25	55	30	25
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	10	0	5	10	0	5
Ewe	5	5	5	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	20	10	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	10	5	5	10	5	5
Igbo	40	15	20	40	15	20
Lingala	15	10	10	15	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	85	45	40	85	45	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	25	35	15	25
Shona	35	25	15	35	25	15
Swahili	200	90	110	200	90	110
Wolof	0	5	0	0	5	0
Yoruba	115	55	55	115	55	55
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	100	45	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	65	70	135	65	70
Dinka	65	30	30	65	30	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	70	35	40
Sign languages	285	175	105	285	175	105
American Sign Language	50	30	20	50	30	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	230	150	85	230	150	85
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,700	4,835	4,865	9,700	4,835	4,865
Chinese languages	8,925	4,450	4,475	8,925	4,450	4,475
Cantonese	2,400	1,140	1,265	2,400	1,140	1,265
Hakka	5	0	0	5	0	0
Mandarin	5,645	2,865	2,780	5,645	2,865	2,780
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	45	35	80	45	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	760	385	380	760	385	380
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	775	380	395	775	380	395
Burmese	115	65	55	115	65	55
Karenic languages	640	310	335	640	310	335
Tibetan	10	0	5	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	190	85	105	190	85	105
Lao	125	60	60	125	60	60
Thai	70	25	45	70	25	45
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	195	100	95	195	100	95
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	5	5	5
Turkish	170	90	85	170	90	85
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	5	10	10	5	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Uralic languages	240	125	120	240	125	120
Estonian	10	0	5	10	0	5
Finnish	15	10	5	15	10	5
Hungarian	215	110	105	215	110	105
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	45	25	20
Multiple responses	34,110	16,720	17,395	34,110	16,720	17,395
English and French	1,210	575	635	1,210	575	635
English and non-official language	32,250	15,810	16,435	32,250	15,810	16,435
French and non-official language	150	85	70	150	85	70
English, French and non-official language	495	250	250	495	250	250
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,083,235	539,100	544,130	1,083,235	539,100	544,130
None	983,935	490,490	493,450	983,935	490,490	493,450
English	41,920	21,045	20,875	41,920	21,045	20,875
French	9,340	4,085	5,255	9,340	4,085	5,255
Non-official language	46,495	22,705	23,785	46,495	22,705	23,785
Aboriginal	13,490	6,445	7,050	13,490	6,445	7,050
Non-Aboriginal	33,005	16,265	16,740	33,005	16,265	16,740
English and French	170	85	85	170	85	85
English and non-official language	860	440	420	860	440	420
French and non-official language	495	245	255	495	245	255
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	20	5	10
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	857,270	424,245	433,025	857,270	424,245	433,025
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,620	407,715	414,905	822,620	407,715	414,905
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,299	46,117	31,978	38,299	46,117	31,978
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,745	407,730	415,015	822,745	407,730	415,015
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,570	40,492	29,564	34,570	40,492	29,564
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	750,515	378,290	372,225	750,515	378,290	372,225
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,883	45,587	29,314	36,883	45,587	29,314
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	550,165	236,760	313,405	550,165	236,760	313,405
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,340	4,200	5,870	5,340	4,200	5,870
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	636,955	331,975	304,970	636,955	331,975	304,970
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,612	44,551	30,027	36,612	44,551	30,027
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	857,300	424,265	433,030	857,300	424,265	433,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,545	407,840	414,705	822,545	407,840	414,705
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,409	58,791	40,184	49,409	58,791	40,184
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,655	407,855	414,800	822,655	407,855	414,800
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,933	47,453	34,523	40,933	47,453	34,523
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	750,475	378,445	372,035	750,475	378,445	372,035
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,491	58,779	38,026	48,491	58,779	38,026
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	549,500	236,590	312,910	549,500	236,590	312,910
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,734	7,322	8,045	7,734	7,322	8,045
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	636,950	331,745	305,205	636,950	331,745	305,205
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,853	55,728	37,207	46,853	55,728	37,207
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	857,295	424,260	433,030	857,295	424,260	433,030
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	302,780	173,250	129,525	302,780	173,250	129,525
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,368	62,070	48,579	55,368	62,070	48,579
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,855	72,366	54,808	64,855	72,366	54,808
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.5	92.8	84.8	89.5	92.8	84.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.2	76.8	68.0	73.2	76.8	68.0
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.5	7.2	15.2	10.5	7.2	15.2
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	857,270	424,245	433,025	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without total income	34,645	16,530	18,120	34,645	16,530	18,120
With total income	822,620	407,715	414,905	822,620	407,715	414,905
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	105,780	47,325	58,455	105,780	47,325	58,455
$10,000 to $19,999	118,380	46,195	72,180	118,380	46,195	72,180
$20,000 to $29,999	107,890	42,345	65,545	107,890	42,345	65,545
$30,000 to $39,999	95,605	41,315	54,295	95,605	41,315	54,295
$40,000 to $49,999	89,285	42,260	47,025	89,285	42,260	47,025
$50,000 to $59,999	70,395	36,950	33,450	70,395	36,950	33,450
$60,000 to $69,999	53,855	31,055	22,795	53,855	31,055	22,795
$70,000 to $79,999	41,930	25,290	16,645	41,930	25,290	16,645
$80,000 to $89,999	34,305	20,750	13,560	34,305	20,750	13,560
$90,000 to $99,999	26,165	16,100	10,060	26,165	16,100	10,060
$100,000 and over	79,030	58,125	20,905	79,030	58,125	20,905
$100,000 to $149,999	56,160	40,025	16,140	56,160	40,025	16,140
$150,000 and over	22,870	18,100	4,770	22,870	18,100	4,770
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	857,270	424,245	433,025	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without after-tax income	34,520	16,515	18,010	34,520	16,515	18,010
With after-tax income	822,745	407,730	415,015	822,745	407,730	415,015
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.8	96.0	96.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,310	48,150	60,160	108,310	48,150	60,160
$10,000 to $19,999	123,690	48,420	75,275	123,690	48,420	75,275
$20,000 to $29,999	125,285	50,160	75,125	125,285	50,160	75,125
$30,000 to $39,999	119,460	54,365	65,100	119,460	54,365	65,100
$40,000 to $49,999	103,250	52,900	50,350	103,250	52,900	50,350
$50,000 to $59,999	73,855	42,315	31,540	73,855	42,315	31,540
$60,000 to $69,999	53,925	32,645	21,280	53,925	32,645	21,280
$70,000 to $79,999	38,615	23,385	15,235	38,615	23,385	15,235
$80,000 and over	76,345	55,395	20,950	76,345	55,395	20,950
$80,000 to $89,999	24,935	16,370	8,560	24,935	16,370	8,560
$90,000 to $99,999	16,260	11,815	4,445	16,260	11,815	4,445
$100,000 and over	35,155	27,210	7,945	35,155	27,210	7,945
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	857,270	424,245	433,025	857,270	424,245	433,025
Without employment income	220,320	92,270	128,055	220,320	92,270	128,055
With employment income	636,950	331,980	304,970	636,950	331,980	304,970
Percentage with employment income	74.3	78.3	70.4	74.3	78.3	70.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	82,210	38,805	43,410	82,210	38,805	43,410
$5,000 to $9,999	46,620	20,310	26,310	46,620	20,310	26,310
$10,000 to $19,999	77,480	33,900	43,575	77,480	33,900	43,575
$20,000 to $29,999	68,175	29,285	38,885	68,175	29,285	38,885
$30,000 to $39,999	66,120	29,825	36,295	66,120	29,825	36,295
$40,000 to $49,999	61,800	29,930	31,870	61,800	29,930	31,870
$50,000 to $59,999	51,075	27,565	23,510	51,075	27,565	23,510
$60,000 to $69,999	39,805	23,605	16,195	39,805	23,605	16,195
$70,000 to $79,999	32,265	20,015	12,255	32,265	20,015	12,255
$80,000 and over	111,405	78,745	32,665	111,405	78,745	32,665
$80,000 to $89,999	28,240	17,220	11,020	28,240	17,220	11,020
$90,000 to $99,999	21,415	13,645	7,770	21,415	13,645	7,770
$100,000 and over	61,750	47,885	13,870	61,750	47,885	13,870
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	432,625	...	...	432,625	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,412	...	...	75,412	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,784	...	...	65,784	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	121,175	...	...	121,175	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,188	...	...	38,188	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,099	...	...	34,099	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	311,450	...	...	311,450	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,530	...	...	94,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,696	...	...	81,696	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	432,620	...	...	432,620	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,942	...	...	93,942	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,837	...	...	77,837	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	121,040	...	...	121,040	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,880	...	...	48,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,555	...	...	40,555	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	311,580	...	...	311,580	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,447	...	...	111,447	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,320	...	...	92,320	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	432,625	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	6,930	...	...	6,930	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,575	...	...	4,575	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,675	...	...	7,675	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,025	...	...	18,025	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,845	...	...	18,845	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,875	...	...	14,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,700	...	...	17,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	17,410	...	...	17,410	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	17,345	...	...	17,345	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,525	...	...	16,525	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	31,595	...	...	31,595	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,700	...	...	29,700	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,605	...	...	27,605	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25,810	...	...	25,810	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,280	...	...	23,280	...	...
$100,000 and over	154,720	...	...	154,720	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	48,375	...	...	48,375	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35,320	...	...	35,320	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	40,875	...	...	40,875	...	...
$200,000 and over	30,160	...	...	30,160	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	432,625	...	...	432,625	...	...
Under $5,000	7,355	...	...	7,355	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,680	...	...	4,680	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,860	...	...	7,860	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,625	...	...	18,625	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,275	...	...	20,275	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,325	...	...	17,325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,700	...	...	20,700	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20,990	...	...	20,990	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20,395	...	...	20,395	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	19,790	...	...	19,790	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,680	...	...	37,680	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,255	...	...	35,255	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	32,575	...	...	32,575	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,995	...	...	28,995	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,545	...	...	25,545	...	...
$100,000 and over	114,570	...	...	114,570	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	47,890	...	...	47,890	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	29,680	...	...	29,680	...	...
$150,000 and over	36,995	...	...	36,995	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	299,345	...	...	299,345	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,747	...	...	93,747	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,065	...	...	81,065	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	122,845	...	...	122,845	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,865	...	...	87,865	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,765	...	...	75,765	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	124,285	...	...	124,285	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,530	...	...	119,530	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,656	...	...	101,656	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	44,110	...	...	44,110	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,749	...	...	50,749	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,776	...	...	47,776	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	299,455	...	...	299,455	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,031	...	...	111,031	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,825	...	...	91,825	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	123,045	...	...	123,045	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,889	...	...	104,889	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,074	...	...	86,074	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	124,275	...	...	124,275	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,718	...	...	135,718	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,601	...	...	111,601	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	44,125	...	...	44,125	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,208	...	...	62,208	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,678	...	...	54,678	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	161,805	82,400	79,405	161,805	82,400	79,405
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,875	40,000	32,247	35,875	40,000	32,247
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,415	35,306	29,777	32,415	35,306	29,777
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	161,560	82,510	79,050	161,560	82,510	79,050
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	45,756	49,739	41,598	45,756	49,739	41,598
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,229	40,766	35,581	38,229	40,766	35,581
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
In the bottom half of the distribution	506,055	243,040	263,010	506,055	243,040	263,010
In the bottom decile	111,770	55,530	56,245	111,770	55,530	56,245
In the second decile	104,900	46,610	58,285	104,900	46,610	58,285
In the third decile	94,035	44,535	49,500	94,035	44,535	49,500
In the fourth decile	96,045	47,015	49,030	96,045	47,015	49,030
In the fifth decile	99,300	49,350	49,950	99,300	49,350	49,950
In the top half of the distribution	564,505	290,345	274,160	564,505	290,345	274,160
In the sixth decile	104,200	52,705	51,495	104,200	52,705	51,495
In the seventh decile	109,400	55,670	53,725	109,400	55,670	53,725
In the eighth decile	115,215	59,255	55,965	115,215	59,255	55,965
In the ninth decile	121,965	62,875	59,085	121,965	62,875	59,085
In the top decile	113,730	59,840	53,885	113,730	59,840	53,885
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,014,605	505,225	509,380	1,014,605	505,225	509,380
0 to 17 years	230,205	117,925	112,275	230,205	117,925	112,275
0 to 5 years	79,345	40,700	38,645	79,345	40,700	38,645
18 to 64 years	631,280	316,125	315,155	631,280	316,125	315,155
65 years and over	153,120	71,180	81,950	153,120	71,180	81,950
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	130,220	60,375	69,845	130,220	60,375	69,845
0 to 17 years	41,010	20,960	20,050	41,010	20,960	20,050
0 to 5 years	15,420	7,850	7,575	15,420	7,850	7,575
18 to 64 years	67,080	31,315	35,765	67,080	31,315	35,765
65 years and over	22,130	8,100	14,025	22,130	8,100	14,025
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.0	13.7	12.8	12.0	13.7
0 to 17 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.9	17.8	17.8	17.9
0 to 5 years (%)	19.4	19.3	19.6	19.4	19.3	19.6
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	9.9	11.3	10.6	9.9	11.3
65 years and over (%)	14.5	11.4	17.1	14.5	11.4	17.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	59,440	29,890	29,545	59,440	29,890	29,545
0 to 17 years	17,870	9,140	8,735	17,870	9,140	8,735
0 to 5 years	7,005	3,540	3,465	7,005	3,540	3,465
18 to 64 years	38,775	19,470	19,305	38,775	19,470	19,305
65 years and over	2,795	1,280	1,510	2,795	1,280	1,510
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	5.9	5.8	5.9	5.9	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	7.8	7.8	7.8
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.7	9.0	8.8	8.7	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.2	6.1	6.1	6.2	6.1
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
Official languages	1,062,885	529,920	532,965	1,062,885	529,920	532,965
English	1,062,275	529,630	532,645	1,062,275	529,630	532,645
French	51,325	23,600	27,725	51,325	23,600	27,725
Non-official languages	187,450	91,805	95,645	187,450	91,805	95,645
Aboriginal languages	38,110	18,390	19,720	38,110	18,390	19,720
Algonquian languages	28,270	13,675	14,590	28,270	13,675	14,590
Blackfoot	10	10	0	10	10	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	27,065	13,115	13,950	27,065	13,115	13,950
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	30	15	40	30	15
Plains Cree	3,665	1,770	1,900	3,665	1,770	1,900
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	470	185	285	470	185	285
Woods Cree	1,260	570	695	1,260	570	695
Cree, n.o.s.	21,870	10,695	11,175	21,870	10,695	11,175
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,310	620	695	1,310	620	695
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	1,300	610	690	1,300	610	690
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	10	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	9,120	4,350	4,770	9,120	4,350	4,770
Northern Athabaskan languages	9,105	4,345	4,760	9,105	4,345	4,760
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	9,105	4,350	4,755	9,105	4,350	4,755
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	0	10	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	0	10
Haida	10	0	10	10	0	10
Inuit languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	10	10	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	505	240	260	505	240	260
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	510	255	250	510	255	250
Dakota	415	205	210	415	205	210
Stoney	10	10	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	90	50	45
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	30	15	20
Non-Aboriginal languages	149,475	73,470	76,000	149,475	73,470	76,000
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,595	4,585	4,015	8,595	4,585	4,015
Berber languages	40	35	0	40	35	0
Kabyle	10	10	0	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	30	25	0
Cushitic languages	1,305	620	690	1,305	620	690
Bilen	85	40	45	85	40	45
Oromo	160	70	90	160	70	90
Somali	1,090	520	570	1,090	520	570
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	7,500	4,075	3,425	7,500	4,075	3,425
Amharic	545	255	290	545	255	290
Arabic	5,605	3,165	2,435	5,605	3,165	2,435
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	505	240	265	505	240	265
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	195	95	100	195	95	100
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	470	245	230	470	245	230
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	705	350	355	705	350	355
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	120	125	245	120	125
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	70	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,315	1,685	1,635	3,315	1,685	1,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	105	105	210	105	105
Vietnamese	3,105	1,580	1,525	3,105	1,580	1,525
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	29,705	14,065	15,640	29,705	14,065	15,640
Bikol	90	30	55	90	30	55
Cebuano	2,115	945	1,170	2,115	945	1,170
Fijian	20	10	10	20	10	10
Hiligaynon	285	130	150	285	130	150
Ilocano	785	365	415	785	365	415
Malagasy	10	0	0	10	0	0
Malay	215	95	115	215	95	115
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	265	130	135	265	130	135
Pangasinan	45	25	20	45	25	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	28,655	13,575	15,080	28,655	13,575	15,080
Waray-Waray	35	25	10	35	25	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	300	145	155	300	145	155
Creole languages	495	230	270	495	230	270
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	10	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	240	95	145	240	95	145
Creole languages, n.i.e.	250	125	120	250	125	120
Dravidian languages	2,190	1,205	980	2,190	1,205	980
Kannada	115	65	55	115	65	55
Malayalam	1,170	625	540	1,170	625	540
Tamil	635	345	290	635	345	290
Telugu	435	270	165	435	270	165
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	15	0	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	81,985	40,685	41,300	81,985	40,685	41,300
Albanian	560	275	285	560	275	285
Armenian	115	65	45	115	65	45
Balto-Slavic languages	20,395	9,470	10,925	20,395	9,470	10,925
Baltic languages	225	120	110	225	120	110
Latvian	135	60	70	135	60	70
Lithuanian	95	60	35	95	60	35
Slavic languages	20,265	9,400	10,860	20,265	9,400	10,860
Belarusan	20	0	15	20	0	15
Bosnian	325	155	165	325	155	165
Bulgarian	75	40	35	75	40	35
Croatian	605	355	250	605	355	250
Czech	300	155	150	300	155	150
Macedonian	65	35	35	65	35	35
Polish	2,185	1,040	1,145	2,185	1,040	1,145
Russian	5,275	2,585	2,690	5,275	2,585	2,690
Serbian	790	410	385	790	410	385
Serbo-Croatian	80	30	50	80	30	50
Slovak	125	85	40	125	85	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	50	50	105	50	50
Ukrainian	13,090	5,770	7,325	13,090	5,770	7,325
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	205	140	345	205	140
Celtic languages	165	105	65	165	105	65
Scottish Gaelic	55	35	25	55	35	25
Welsh	50	30	20	50	30	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	70	45	20	70	45	20
Germanic languages	21,275	10,435	10,840	21,275	10,435	10,840
Afrikaans	1,455	750	705	1,455	750	705
Danish	320	195	125	320	195	125
Dutch	1,510	720	790	1,510	720	790
Frisian	25	15	15	25	15	15
German	17,390	8,525	8,870	17,390	8,525	8,870
Icelandic	70	40	30	70	40	30
Norwegian	415	180	235	415	180	235
Swedish	230	95	130	230	95	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	80	25	50	80	25	50
Yiddish	75	35	30	75	35	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	265	135	125	265	135	125
Greek	1,470	725	745	1,470	725	745
Indo-Iranian languages	27,395	14,650	12,740	27,395	14,650	12,740
Indo-Aryan languages	25,355	13,530	11,825	25,355	13,530	11,825
Bengali	3,520	1,895	1,620	3,520	1,895	1,620
Gujarati	3,320	1,760	1,555	3,320	1,760	1,555
Hindi	8,040	4,480	3,560	8,040	4,480	3,560
Kashmiri	40	25	20	40	25	20
Konkani	40	30	15	40	30	15
Marathi	185	120	70	185	120	70
Nepali	835	435	400	835	435	400
Oriya (Odia)	25	15	10	25	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,300	4,635	3,665	8,300	4,635	3,665
Sindhi	180	105	75	180	105	75
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	355	205	150	355	205	150
Urdu	9,455	4,815	4,635	9,455	4,815	4,635
Iranian languages	2,285	1,240	1,040	2,285	1,240	1,040
Kurdish	145	90	60	145	90	60
Pashto	555	315	240	555	315	240
Persian (Farsi)	1,630	870	760	1,630	870	760
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	135	140	275	135	140
Italic (Romance) languages	12,660	6,085	6,570	12,660	6,085	6,570
Catalan	0	10	0	0	10	0
Italian	1,360	670	690	1,360	670	690
Portuguese	885	380	505	885	380	505
Romanian	1,105	525	575	1,105	525	575
Spanish	9,605	4,635	4,965	9,605	4,635	4,965
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	40	30	10
Japanese	1,205	540	665	1,205	540	665
Kartvelian languages	15	0	15	15	0	15
Georgian	15	0	10	15	0	10
Korean	1,930	850	1,080	1,930	850	1,080
Mongolic languages	55	20	30	55	20	30
Mongolian	60	25	30	60	25	30
Niger-Congo languages	4,125	2,245	1,885	4,125	2,245	1,885
Akan (Twi)	355	185	170	355	185	170
Bamanankan	0	0	10	0	0	10
Edo	20	0	20	20	0	20
Ewe	100	45	55	100	45	55
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	45	15	60	45	15
Ga	45	25	15	45	25	15
Ganda	20	10	10	20	10	10
Igbo	625	325	300	625	325	300
Lingala	140	70	65	140	70	65
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	150	130	280	150	130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	65	55	125	65	55
Shona	150	90	55	150	90	55
Swahili	950	570	380	950	570	380
Wolof	40	25	15	40	25	15
Yoruba	965	470	495	965	470	495
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	815	480	335	815	480	335
Nilo-Saharan languages	300	150	145	300	150	145
Dinka	100	65	40	100	65	40
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	195	90	105	195	90	105
Sign languages	1,565	585	985	1,565	585	985
American Sign Language	650	215	435	650	215	435
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	915	365	545	915	365	545
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,580	7,115	7,470	14,580	7,115	7,470
Chinese languages	13,630	6,625	7,005	13,630	6,625	7,005
Cantonese	4,675	2,245	2,435	4,675	2,245	2,435
Hakka	30	10	20	30	10	20
Mandarin	8,995	4,335	4,660	8,995	4,335	4,660
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	260	125	135	260	125	135
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	30	45	20	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,245	620	630	1,245	620	630
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	960	495	460	960	495	460
Burmese	315	185	130	315	185	130
Karenic languages	635	310	325	635	310	325
Tibetan	30	15	10	30	15	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	25	40	70	25	40
Tai-Kadai languages	635	245	385	635	245	385
Lao	410	170	240	410	170	240
Thai	275	105	170	275	105	170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	640	365	285	640	365	285
Azerbaijani	25	20	10	25	20	10
Turkish	530	310	220	530	310	220
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	60	25	35	60	25	35
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	25	10	15
Uralic languages	1,765	850	915	1,765	850	915
Estonian	20	15	10	20	15	10
Finnish	360	170	190	360	170	190
Hungarian	1,385	670	715	1,385	670	715
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	340	210	135	340	210	135
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	998,035	496,635	501,395	998,035	496,635	501,395
Canadian citizens aged under 18	237,720	121,535	116,185	237,720	121,535	116,185
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	760,310	375,105	385,210	760,310	375,105	385,210
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	72,525	36,750	35,780	72,525	36,750	35,780
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	945,810	470,790	475,025	945,810	470,790	475,025
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	112,490	55,800	56,690	112,490	55,800	56,690
Before 1981	16,650	8,190	8,465	16,650	8,190	8,465
1981 to 1990	5,545	2,670	2,875	5,545	2,670	2,875
1991 to 2000	9,315	4,645	4,665	9,315	4,645	4,665
2001 to 2010	33,045	16,410	16,635	33,045	16,410	16,635
2001 to 2005	8,670	4,165	4,505	8,670	4,165	4,505
2006 to 2010	24,370	12,245	12,130	24,370	12,245	12,130
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	47,935	23,880	24,055	47,935	23,880	24,055
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	12,255	6,800	5,455	12,255	6,800	5,455
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	112,495	55,795	56,695	112,495	55,795	56,695
Under 5 years	12,060	6,100	5,965	12,060	6,100	5,965
5 to 14 years	21,295	11,015	10,280	21,295	11,015	10,280
15 to 24 years	19,295	8,990	10,305	19,295	8,990	10,305
25 to 44 years	50,945	25,060	25,890	50,945	25,060	25,890
45 years and over	8,895	4,635	4,260	8,895	4,635	4,260
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	112,490	55,800	56,690	112,490	55,800	56,690
Americas	10,765	5,010	5,760	10,765	5,010	5,760
Brazil	185	65	120	185	65	120
Colombia	555	275	280	555	275	280
El Salvador	630	290	340	630	290	340
Guyana	155	75	85	155	75	85
Haiti	65	45	20	65	45	20
Jamaica	815	425	395	815	425	395
Mexico	1,330	665	665	1,330	665	665
Peru	165	60	100	165	60	100
Trinidad and Tobago	210	105	110	210	105	110
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,845	2,045	2,800	4,845	2,045	2,800
Other places of birth in Americas	1,805	955	845	1,805	955	845
Europe	23,640	11,900	11,740	23,640	11,900	11,740
Bosnia and Herzegovina	455	215	245	455	215	245
Croatia	445	280	165	445	280	165
France	215	90	125	215	90	125
Germany	2,575	1,280	1,295	2,575	1,280	1,295
Greece	605	325	280	605	325	280
Hungary	395	215	180	395	215	180
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	845	490	355	845	490	355
Italy	570	305	265	570	305	265
Netherlands	1,220	585	635	1,220	585	635
Poland	1,395	690	705	1,395	690	705
Portugal	220	105	120	220	105	120
Romania	695	335	360	695	335	360
Russian Federation	805	345	460	805	345	460
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	585	305	280	585	305	280
Ukraine	3,280	1,630	1,650	3,280	1,630	1,650
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,020	3,520	3,505	7,020	3,520	3,505
Other places of birth in Europe	2,320	1,195	1,125	2,320	1,195	1,125
Africa	10,285	5,360	4,925	10,285	5,360	4,925
Algeria	50	35	15	50	35	15
Egypt	435	230	205	435	230	205
Ethiopia	635	285	355	635	285	355
Kenya	425	225	200	425	225	200
Morocco	180	95	80	180	95	80
Nigeria	1,695	845	855	1,695	845	855
Somalia	635	335	300	635	335	300
South Africa, Republic of	1,775	920	855	1,775	920	855
Other places of birth in Africa	4,455	2,390	2,065	4,455	2,390	2,065
Asia	67,120	33,175	33,945	67,120	33,175	33,945
Afghanistan	515	230	285	515	230	285
Bangladesh	2,575	1,365	1,210	2,575	1,365	1,210
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,485	3,445	4,035	7,485	3,445	4,035
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	765	370	400	765	370	400
India	9,630	5,190	4,435	9,630	5,190	4,435
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	785	465	325	785	465	325
Iraq	1,175	625	550	1,175	625	550
Japan	265	65	200	265	65	200
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,120	475	645	1,120	475	645
Lebanon	255	160	90	255	160	90
Pakistan	6,860	3,575	3,280	6,860	3,575	3,280
Philippines	26,860	12,655	14,210	26,860	12,655	14,210
Sri Lanka	440	235	205	440	235	205
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,155	610	550	1,155	610	550
Taiwan	180	80	100	180	80	100
Viet Nam	2,615	1,340	1,280	2,615	1,340	1,280
Other places of birth in Asia	4,425	2,290	2,140	4,425	2,290	2,140
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	675	350	325	675	350	325
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	47,935	23,880	24,055	47,935	23,880	24,055
Americas	2,320	1,090	1,230	2,320	1,090	1,230
Brazil	45	10	35	45	10	35
Colombia	115	55	65	115	55	65
Cuba	35	20	15	35	20	15
Haiti	10	10	0	10	10	0
Jamaica	405	230	180	405	230	180
Mexico	435	215	225	435	215	225
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	745	330	420	745	330	420
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	35	10	30	35	10	30
Other places of birth in Americas	490	220	270	490	220	270
Europe	4,855	2,405	2,455	4,855	2,405	2,455
France	50	15	45	50	15	45
Germany	190	105	80	190	105	80
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	525	315	205	525	315	205
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	100	50	50	100	50	50
Romania	95	35	60	95	35	60
Russian Federation	220	85	135	220	85	135
Ukraine	1,320	550	770	1,320	550	770
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	855	495	355	855	495	355
Other places of birth in Europe	1,505	755	750	1,505	755	750
Africa	4,405	2,315	2,085	4,405	2,315	2,085
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cameroon	70	35	30	70	35	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	245	145	100	245	145	100
Côte d'Ivoire	15	15	0	15	15	0
Egypt	160	75	85	160	75	85
Eritrea	305	145	160	305	145	160
Ethiopia	190	110	85	190	110	85
Morocco	90	40	45	90	40	45
Nigeria	1,035	525	520	1,035	525	520
Somalia	300	170	125	300	170	125
South Africa, Republic of	550	285	265	550	285	265
Tunisia	85	45	40	85	45	40
Other places of birth in Africa	1,360	725	635	1,360	725	635
Asia	36,205	17,980	18,225	36,205	17,980	18,225
Afghanistan	125	45	85	125	45	85
Bangladesh	1,495	780	720	1,495	780	720
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,345	1,595	1,750	3,345	1,595	1,750
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	75	35	40	75	35	40
India	6,150	3,315	2,840	6,150	3,315	2,840
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	330	180	150	330	180	150
Iraq	405	200	205	405	200	205
Israel	95	55	35	95	55	35
Japan	40	10	35	40	10	35
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	475	195	280	475	195	280
Lebanon	80	50	30	80	50	30
Nepal	235	145	90	235	145	90
Pakistan	3,460	1,780	1,680	3,460	1,780	1,680
Philippines	16,615	7,905	8,715	16,615	7,905	8,715
Saudi Arabia	125	90	30	125	90	30
Sri Lanka	145	85	60	145	85	60
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,105	585	520	1,105	585	520
Taiwan	60	30	30	60	30	30
Turkey	80	45	35	80	45	35
United Arab Emirates	85	55	30	85	55	30
Viet Nam	855	415	445	855	415	445
Other places of birth in Asia	815	395	420	815	395	420
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	90	60	150	90	60
Australia	85	55	30	85	55	30
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	30	30	65	30	30
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	1,070,560	533,385	537,175
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	127,720	64,125	63,595	127,720	64,125	63,595
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	129,250	62,550	66,705	129,250	62,550	66,705
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	813,580	406,710	406,870	813,580	406,710	406,870
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	96,750	48,140	48,610	96,750	48,140	48,610
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	66,930	34,420	32,510	66,930	34,420	32,510
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	26,475	17,690	8,790	26,475	17,690	8,790
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	40,455	16,735	23,725	40,455	16,735	23,725
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	16,835	6,740	10,095	16,835	6,740	10,095
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	12,625	6,810	5,820	12,625	6,810	5,820
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	350	170	185	350	170	185
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	175,020	84,730	90,290	175,020	84,730	90,290
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	172,810	83,750	89,055	172,810	83,750	89,055
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	114,570	55,275	59,290	114,570	55,275	59,290
Métis	57,880	28,325	29,550	57,880	28,325	29,550
Inuk (Inuit)	360	145	215	360	145	215
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,305	605	705	1,305	605	705
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	905	375	530	905	375	530
Non-Aboriginal identity	895,535	448,655	446,885	895,535	448,655	446,885
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,070,555	533,385	537,170	1,070,555	533,385	537,170
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	110,370	52,930	57,440	110,370	52,930	57,440
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	960,190	480,455	479,735	960,190	480,455	479,735
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	1,070,555	533,385	537,175
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	98,315	47,665	50,650	98,315	47,665	50,650
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	94,565	45,900	48,665	94,565	45,900	48,665
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	84,015	40,960	43,055	84,015	40,960	43,055
Métis single ancestry	10,465	4,905	5,560	10,465	4,905	5,560
Inuit single ancestry	85	40	50	85	40	50
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,750	1,765	1,985	3,750	1,765	1,985
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,640	1,705	1,935	3,640	1,705	1,935
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	70	30	40	70	30	40
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	10	20	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	15	0	15	15	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	79,035	38,120	40,915	79,035	38,120	40,915
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	72,560	35,130	37,430	72,560	35,130	37,430
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	36,680	17,715	18,960	36,680	17,715	18,960
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35,545	17,265	18,285	35,545	17,265	18,285
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	335	150	180	335	150	180
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	6,480	2,990	3,485	6,480	2,990	3,485
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,355	2,930	3,420	6,355	2,930	3,420
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	40	45	80	40	45
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	15	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	893,205	447,595	445,610	893,205	447,595	445,610
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	115,875	58,810	57,065	115,875	58,810	57,065
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	29,960	16,065	13,895	29,960	16,065	13,895
Chinese	15,545	7,545	7,995	15,545	7,545	7,995
Black	14,925	7,845	7,085	14,925	7,845	7,085
Filipino	32,340	15,540	16,795	32,340	15,540	16,795
Latin American	4,195	2,095	2,095	4,195	2,095	2,095
Arab	4,300	2,385	1,915	4,300	2,385	1,915
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	5,745	2,940	2,800	5,745	2,940	2,800
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,065	1,100	965	2,065	1,100	965
Korean	1,875	795	1,085	1,875	795	1,085
Japanese	955	420	530	955	420	530
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	1,150	605	545	1,150	605	545
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,820	1,460	1,355	2,820	1,460	1,355
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	954,685	474,575	480,110	954,685	474,575	480,110
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	1,070,560	533,385	537,170
North American Aboriginal origins	177,355	85,790	91,565	177,355	85,790	91,565
First Nations (North American Indian)	130,880	63,405	67,475	130,880	63,405	67,475
Inuit	650	305	345	650	305	345
Métis	56,090	26,860	29,235	56,090	26,860	29,235
Other North American origins	230,620	115,250	115,370	230,620	115,250	115,370
Acadian	485	270	215	485	270	215
American	13,455	6,410	7,045	13,455	6,410	7,045
Canadian	220,960	110,550	110,410	220,960	110,550	110,410
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	10	10	0
Newfoundlander	130	65	60	130	65	60
Nova Scotian	25	10	20	25	10	20
Ontarian	20	20	10	20	20	10
Québécois	240	100	140	240	100	140
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	85	35	55	85	35	55
European origins	759,080	375,755	383,325	759,080	375,755	383,325
British Isles origins	427,735	210,345	217,390	427,735	210,345	217,390
Channel Islander	10	0	0	10	0	0
Cornish	35	15	20	35	15	20
English	253,205	123,490	129,715	253,205	123,490	129,715
Irish	155,725	74,480	81,245	155,725	74,480	81,245
Manx	250	120	130	250	120	130
Scottish	193,330	94,500	98,825	193,330	94,500	98,825
Welsh	17,790	8,510	9,280	17,790	8,510	9,280
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	16,095	7,900	8,190	16,095	7,900	8,190
French origins	125,810	60,920	64,890	125,810	60,920	64,890
Alsatian	10	10	10	10	10	10
Breton	25	10	15	25	10	15
Corsican	15	0	15	15	0	15
French	125,775	60,910	64,870	125,775	60,910	64,870
Western European origins (except French origins)	336,715	166,380	170,340	336,715	166,380	170,340
Austrian	17,565	8,670	8,895	17,565	8,670	8,895
Bavarian	50	45	0	50	45	0
Belgian	9,660	4,745	4,915	9,660	4,745	4,915
Dutch	36,230	17,500	18,730	36,230	17,500	18,730
Flemish	805	415	395	805	415	395
Frisian	70	35	35	70	35	35
German	296,385	146,600	149,780	296,385	146,600	149,780
Luxembourger	500	275	225	500	275	225
Swiss	4,710	2,370	2,340	4,710	2,370	2,340
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	25	15	35	25	15
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	115,995	56,380	59,615	115,995	56,380	59,615
Danish	11,530	5,605	5,935	11,530	5,605	5,935
Finnish	5,400	2,585	2,815	5,400	2,585	2,815
Icelandic	8,255	4,055	4,205	8,255	4,055	4,205
Norwegian	68,640	33,310	35,335	68,640	33,310	35,335
Swedish	32,815	15,630	17,185	32,815	15,630	17,185
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,530	1,735	1,790	3,530	1,735	1,790
Eastern European origins	243,055	119,620	123,435	243,055	119,620	123,435
Bulgarian	355	190	160	355	190	160
Byelorussian	290	150	140	290	150	140
Czech	4,960	2,545	2,415	4,960	2,545	2,415
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,765	1,270	1,495	2,765	1,270	1,495
Estonian	265	150	115	265	150	115
Hungarian	27,885	13,730	14,155	27,885	13,730	14,155
Latvian	535	265	265	535	265	265
Lithuanian	1,045	550	500	1,045	550	500
Moldovan	345	145	200	345	145	200
Polish	59,950	28,680	31,275	59,950	28,680	31,275
Romanian	12,730	6,215	6,515	12,730	6,215	6,515
Russian	39,395	19,620	19,775	39,395	19,620	19,775
Slovak	1,390	750	645	1,390	750	645
Ukrainian	143,700	70,670	73,025	143,700	70,670	73,025
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	255	115	135	255	115	135
Southern European origins	27,415	13,420	13,995	27,415	13,420	13,995
Albanian	605	310	290	605	310	290
Bosnian	515	260	260	515	260	260
Catalan	15	10	10	15	10	10
Croatian	2,570	1,295	1,275	2,570	1,295	1,275
Cypriot	45	35	10	45	35	10
Greek	2,880	1,475	1,400	2,880	1,475	1,400
Italian	11,310	5,585	5,725	11,310	5,585	5,725
Kosovar	30	25	10	30	25	10
Macedonian	110	45	65	110	45	65
Maltese	125	65	60	125	65	60
Montenegrin	85	40	40	85	40	40
Portuguese	1,885	850	1,035	1,885	850	1,035
Serbian	1,300	670	630	1,300	670	630
Sicilian	100	75	25	100	75	25
Slovenian	640	275	365	640	275	365
Spanish	5,670	2,615	3,050	5,670	2,615	3,050
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,065	535	525	1,065	535	525
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	35	0	30	35	0	30
Other European origins	3,885	2,075	1,805	3,885	2,075	1,805
Basque	50	40	10	50	40	10
Jewish	1,725	905	815	1,725	905	815
Roma (Gypsy)	165	85	80	165	85	80
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	200	95	105	200	95	105
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,755	965	790	1,755	965	790
Caribbean origins	3,810	2,005	1,805	3,810	2,005	1,805
Antiguan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bahamian	15	10	0	15	10	0
Barbadian	110	45	60	110	45	60
Bermudan	20	20	0	20	20	0
Carib	10	0	10	10	0	10
Cuban	185	125	55	185	125	55
Dominican	115	75	45	115	75	45
Grenadian	60	25	30	60	25	30
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	110	75	40	110	75	40
Jamaican	2,250	1,200	1,050	2,250	1,200	1,050
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Martinican	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	55	15	40	55	15	40
St. Lucian	45	15	25	45	15	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	415	215	200	415	215	200
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	20	0	30	20	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	355	135	225	355	135	225
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	190	90	100	190	90	100
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,695	3,295	3,400	6,695	3,295	3,400
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	300	150	150	300	150	150
Arawak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Argentinian	160	60	95	160	60	95
Belizean	55	35	15	55	35	15
Bolivian	45	30	15	45	30	15
Brazilian	305	150	155	305	150	155
Chilean	860	450	415	860	450	415
Colombian	705	335	370	705	335	370
Costa Rican	50	15	35	50	15	35
Ecuadorian	105	70	30	105	70	30
Guatemalan	270	135	140	270	135	140
Guyanese	185	110	75	185	110	75
Hispanic	125	75	50	125	75	50
Honduran	95	45	50	95	45	50
Maya	140	75	65	140	75	65
Mexican	2,125	1,060	1,065	2,125	1,060	1,065
Nicaraguan	140	50	90	140	50	90
Panamanian	15	0	10	15	0	10
Paraguayan	40	30	10	40	30	10
Peruvian	295	120	175	295	120	175
Salvadorean	765	350	415	765	350	415
Uruguayan	65	20	40	65	20	40
Venezuelan	55	30	30	55	30	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	320	165	160	320	165	160
African origins	16,170	8,480	7,690	16,170	8,480	7,690
Central and West African origins	4,440	2,355	2,090	4,440	2,355	2,090
Akan	115	80	40	115	80	40
Angolan	10	0	10	10	0	10
Ashanti	10	10	0	10	10	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burkinabe	20	15	10	20	15	10
Cameroonian	205	90	110	205	90	110
Chadian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Congolese	530	290	240	530	290	240
Edo	40	20	15	40	20	15
Ewe	10	0	0	10	0	0
Gabonese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gambian	40	20	15	40	20	15
Ghanaian	555	320	235	555	320	235
Guinean	25	20	10	25	20	10
Ibo	485	275	215	485	275	215
Ivorian	75	35	45	75	35	45
Liberian	85	25	60	85	25	60
Malian	30	15	15	30	15	15
Malinké	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nigerian	1,715	875	835	1,715	875	835
Peulh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Senegalese	20	15	10	20	15	10
Sierra Leonean	40	25	10	40	25	10
Togolese	55	35	20	55	35	20
Wolof	0	10	0	0	10	0
Yoruba	520	270	255	520	270	255
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	235	115	125	235	115	125
North African origins	2,190	1,210	980	2,190	1,210	980
Algerian	70	50	15	70	50	15
Berber	55	45	15	55	45	15
Coptic	40	15	20	40	15	20
Dinka	35	20	15	35	20	15
Egyptian	535	290	245	535	290	245
Libyan	205	115	85	205	115	85
Maure	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moroccan	220	110	115	220	110	115
Sudanese	935	515	420	935	515	420
Tunisian	105	60	50	105	60	50
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	40	30	10	40	30	10
Southern and East African origins	6,320	3,210	3,110	6,320	3,210	3,110
Afrikaner	60	35	30	60	35	30
Amhara	20	10	10	20	10	10
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	45	30	10	45	30	10
Burundian	300	155	145	300	155	145
Djiboutian	10	10	10	10	10	10
Eritrean	1,130	540	590	1,130	540	590
Ethiopian	675	335	345	675	335	345
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	190	95	95	190	95	95
Malagasy	10	0	10	10	0	10
Mauritian	205	90	110	205	90	110
Oromo	140	65	75	140	65	75
Rwandan	80	20	60	80	20	60
Seychellois	10	10	0	10	10	0
Somali	1,275	635	635	1,275	635	635
South African	1,295	680	615	1,295	680	615
Tanzanian	55	35	20	55	35	20
Tigrian	45	30	15	45	30	15
Ugandan	90	40	50	90	40	50
Zambian	190	90	100	190	90	100
Zimbabwean	260	170	90	260	170	90
Zulu	35	30	10	35	30	10
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	535	300	240	535	300	240
Other African origins	3,605	1,940	1,665	3,605	1,940	1,665
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	345	190	160	345	190	160
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,290	1,770	1,525	3,290	1,770	1,525
Asian origins	99,125	49,845	49,280	99,125	49,845	49,280
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,415	5,015	4,400	9,415	5,015	4,400
Afghan	780	390	385	780	390	385
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,175	645	530	1,175	645	530
Armenian	240	130	115	240	130	115
Assyrian	215	120	95	215	120	95
Azerbaijani	50	25	25	50	25	25
Georgian	35	20	10	35	20	10
Hazara	25	10	20	25	10	20
Iranian	1,345	740	600	1,345	740	600
Iraqi	1,290	690	605	1,290	690	605
Israeli	120	75	50	120	75	50
Jordanian	75	40	30	75	40	30
Kazakh	30	15	15	30	15	15
Kurd	200	110	90	200	110	90
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	10	0	0
Kyrgyz	30	10	20	30	10	20
Lebanese	1,360	660	700	1,360	660	700
Palestinian	120	60	55	120	60	55
Pashtun	175	100	75	175	100	75
Saudi Arabian	110	80	30	110	80	30
Syrian	1,365	740	625	1,365	740	625
Tajik	10	10	0	10	10	0
Tatar	60	25	35	60	25	35
Turk	860	450	405	860	450	405
Turkmen	20	10	10	20	10	10
Uighur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	70	15	50	70	15	50
Yemeni	45	20	20	45	20	20
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	265	130	130	265	130	130
South Asian origins	29,830	15,955	13,870	29,830	15,955	13,870
Bangladeshi	2,040	1,090	945	2,040	1,090	945
Bengali	600	350	250	600	350	250
Bhutanese	210	110	100	210	110	100
East Indian	18,695	10,090	8,600	18,695	10,090	8,600
Goan	45	25	15	45	25	15
Gujarati	195	105	95	195	105	95
Kashmiri	115	75	40	115	75	40
Nepali	565	320	245	565	320	245
Pakistani	6,255	3,220	3,035	6,255	3,220	3,035
Punjabi	1,425	790	635	1,425	790	635
Sinhalese	65	30	30	65	30	30
Sri Lankan	515	290	225	515	290	225
Tamil	120	65	55	120	65	55
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,075	545	530	1,075	545	530
East and Southeast Asian origins	60,010	28,955	31,060	60,010	28,955	31,060
Burmese	465	210	260	465	210	260
Cambodian (Khmer)	305	165	145	305	165	145
Chinese	19,075	9,300	9,780	19,075	9,300	9,780
Filipino	33,630	16,200	17,425	33,630	16,200	17,425
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	220	115	105	220	115	105
Japanese	1,220	530	690	1,220	530	690
Karen	585	290	290	585	290	290
Korean	2,025	870	1,155	2,025	870	1,155
Laotian	705	335	380	705	335	380
Malaysian	160	75	80	160	75	80
Mongolian	205	105	100	205	105	100
Singaporean	10	0	10	10	0	10
Taiwanese	265	115	155	265	115	155
Thai	420	170	250	420	170	250
Tibetan	50	35	25	50	35	25
Vietnamese	3,690	1,885	1,800	3,690	1,885	1,800
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	95	40	55	95	40	55
Other Asian origins	735	340	390	735	340	390
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	735	345	385	735	345	385
Oceania origins	1,430	760	665	1,430	760	665
Australian	890	505	385	890	505	385
New Zealander	265	140	125	265	140	125
Pacific Islands origins	310	140	170	310	140	170
Fijian	110	60	50	110	60	50
Hawaiian	25	10	10	25	10	10
Maori	45	0	35	45	0	35
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	15	10	25	15	10
Samoan	55	25	30	55	25	30
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	60	25	35	60	25	35
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	432,620	...	...	432,620	...	...
Owner	311,470	...	...	311,470	...	...
Renter	109,685	...	...	109,685	...	...
Band housing	11,470	...	...	11,470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	432,620	...	...	432,620	...	...
Condominium	41,960	...	...	41,960	...	...
Not condominium	390,660	...	...	390,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	432,625	...	...	432,625	...	...
No bedrooms	1,290	...	...	1,290	...	...
1 bedroom	40,600	...	...	40,600	...	...
2 bedrooms	97,340	...	...	97,340	...	...
3 bedrooms	148,060	...	...	148,060	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,330	...	...	145,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	432,620	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,375	...	...	92,375	...	...
5 rooms	67,645	...	...	67,645	...	...
6 rooms	64,215	...	...	64,215	...	...
7 rooms	57,945	...	...	57,945	...	...
8 or more rooms	150,440	...	...	150,440	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	432,625	...	...	432,625	...	...
One person or fewer per room	422,915	...	...	422,915	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,705	...	...	9,705	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	432,620	...	...	432,620	...	...
Suitable	412,220	...	...	412,220	...	...
Not suitable	20,410	...	...	20,410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	432,620	...	...	432,620	...	...
1960 or before	101,805	...	...	101,805	...	...
1961 to 1980	150,440	...	...	150,440	...	...
1981 to 1990	62,270	...	...	62,270	...	...
1991 to 2000	33,495	...	...	33,495	...	...
2001 to 2005	17,905	...	...	17,905	...	...
2006 to 2010	28,610	...	...	28,610	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	38,095	...	...	38,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	432,625	...	...	432,625	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	395,105	...	...	395,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	37,520	...	...	37,520	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	432,620	...	...	432,620	...	...
1 household maintainer	261,245	...	...	261,245	...	...
2 household maintainers	162,550	...	...	162,550	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	8,825	...	...	8,825	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	432,625	...	...	432,625	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,235	...	...	18,235	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,225	...	...	72,225	...	...
35 to 44 years	73,675	...	...	73,675	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,920	...	...	77,920	...	...
55 to 64 years	84,110	...	...	84,110	...	...
65 to 74 years	56,280	...	...	56,280	...	...
75 to 84 years	34,845	...	...	34,845	...	...
85 years and over	15,340	...	...	15,340	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	396,790	...	...	396,790	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	316,505	...	...	316,505	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	80,295	...	...	80,295	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70,690	...	...	70,690	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	289,805	...	...	289,805	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.9	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,001	...	...	1,001	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,178	...	...	1,178	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,606	...	...	299,606	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	318,917	...	...	318,917	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	107,535	...	...	107,535	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	21.4	...	...	21.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.1	...	...	42.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	965	...	...	965	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,021	...	...	1,021	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	857,295	424,265	433,035	857,295	424,265	433,035
No certificate, diploma or degree	177,210	96,680	80,530	177,210	96,680	80,530
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	261,210	133,730	127,480	261,210	133,730	127,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	418,880	193,855	225,025	418,880	193,855	225,025
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	89,440	64,100	25,340	89,440	64,100	25,340
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	38,045	21,495	16,550	38,045	21,495	16,550
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	51,395	42,605	8,790	51,395	42,605	8,790
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	146,770	51,240	95,530	146,770	51,240	95,530
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,195	10,790	17,405	28,195	10,790	17,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	154,480	67,730	86,745	154,480	67,730	86,745
Bachelor's degree	112,760	47,490	65,270	112,760	47,490	65,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,635	3,400	4,235	7,635	3,400	4,235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,830	2,580	2,245	4,830	2,580	2,245
Master's degree	24,375	11,095	13,275	24,375	11,095	13,275
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,880	3,155	1,725	4,880	3,155	1,725
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	566,245	282,510	283,735	566,245	282,510	283,735
No certificate, diploma or degree	69,200	42,050	27,150	69,200	42,050	27,150
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	168,035	88,530	79,505	168,035	88,530	79,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	329,005	151,930	177,075	329,005	151,930	177,075
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	66,955	48,885	18,075	66,955	48,885	18,075
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	27,765	16,095	11,670	27,765	16,095	11,670
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,190	32,785	6,400	39,190	32,785	6,400
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	115,085	41,085	74,000	115,085	41,085	74,000
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,380	7,775	11,605	19,380	7,775	11,605
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	127,585	54,190	73,395	127,585	54,190	73,395
Bachelor's degree	92,905	38,180	54,730	92,905	38,180	54,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,890	2,525	3,365	5,890	2,525	3,365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,065	1,995	2,070	4,065	1,995	2,070
Master's degree	20,975	9,170	11,805	20,975	9,170	11,805
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,750	2,320	1,435	3,750	2,320	1,435
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	857,295	424,265	433,030	857,295	424,265	433,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	438,420	230,405	208,005	438,420	230,405	208,005
Education	40,995	10,635	30,355	40,995	10,635	30,355
13. Education	40,990	10,635	30,350	40,990	10,635	30,350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,870	4,150	4,720	8,870	4,150	4,720
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,015	1,455	560	2,015	1,455	560
50. Visual and performing arts	6,850	2,690	4,160	6,850	2,690	4,160
Humanities	15,400	6,905	8,495	15,400	6,905	8,495
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,030	260	770	1,030	260	770
23. English language and literature/letters	3,180	990	2,190	3,180	990	2,190
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,105	1,185	1,920	3,105	1,185	1,920
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	0	30	35	0	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,180	695	480	1,180	695	480
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,700	2,645	2,050	4,700	2,645	2,050
54. History	1,760	1,000	760	1,760	1,000	760
55. French language and literature/letters	425	120	300	425	120	300
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,500	10,015	20,485	30,500	10,015	20,485
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	750	185	565	750	185	565
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,060	905	1,160	2,060	905	1,160
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,805	425	6,380	6,805	425	6,380
22. Legal professions and studies	5,410	1,930	3,480	5,410	1,930	3,480
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	465	155	310	465	155	310
42. Psychology	5,555	1,480	4,075	5,555	1,480	4,075
45. Social sciences	9,455	4,940	4,510	9,455	4,940	4,510
Business, management and public administration	85,800	25,105	60,695	85,800	25,105	60,695
30.16 Accounting and computer science	240	50	190	240	50	190
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,250	1,710	6,545	8,250	1,710	6,545
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,310	23,350	53,960	77,310	23,350	53,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,455	5,905	5,550	11,455	5,905	5,550
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,675	2,515	3,160	5,675	2,515	3,160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,395	725	670	1,395	725	670
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	105	25	80	105	25	80
40. Physical sciences	3,240	2,265	970	3,240	2,265	970
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,045	375	670	1,045	375	670
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,695	7,040	4,655	11,695	7,040	4,655
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,390	6,135	3,250	9,390	6,135	3,250
25. Library science	990	85	905	990	85	905
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,145	700	445	1,145	700	445
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	170	110	55	170	110	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	93,145	86,660	6,485	93,145	86,660	6,485
04. Architecture and related services	1,520	960	560	1,520	960	560
14. Engineering	14,090	11,790	2,300	14,090	11,790	2,300
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,790	12,290	1,505	13,790	12,290	1,505
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	24,650	23,840	810	24,650	23,840	810
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,325	25,535	790	26,325	25,535	790
48. Precision production	12,765	12,240	525	12,765	12,240	525
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,655	12,040	4,615	16,655	12,040	4,615
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	13,585	9,885	3,705	13,585	9,885	3,705
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,075	2,160	910	3,075	2,160	910
Health and related fields	74,750	12,215	62,530	74,750	12,215	62,530
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,340	2,030	2,315	4,340	2,030	2,315
51. Health professions and related programs	69,090	9,460	59,630	69,090	9,460	59,630
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,315	725	590	1,315	725	590
Personal, protective and transportation services	29,585	13,165	16,420	29,585	13,165	16,420
12. Personal and culinary services	18,450	3,845	14,605	18,450	3,845	14,605
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	10	10	10	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	175	160	20	175	160	20
43. Security and protective services	5,070	3,705	1,360	5,070	3,705	1,360
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,880	5,450	430	5,880	5,450	430
Other	40	20	20	40	20	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	20	20	40	20	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	566,245	282,510	283,730	566,245	282,510	283,730
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	237,235	130,580	106,660	237,235	130,580	106,660
Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	28,195	6,885	21,310
13. Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	28,195	6,885	21,310
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,175	3,350	3,825	7,175	3,350	3,825
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,550	1,100	450	1,550	1,100	450
50. Visual and performing arts	5,630	2,250	3,380	5,630	2,250	3,380
Humanities	11,760	5,110	6,650	11,760	5,110	6,650
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	825	205	620	825	205	620
23. English language and literature/letters	2,470	745	1,735	2,470	745	1,735
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,515	910	1,605	2,515	910	1,605
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	30	10	25	30	10	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	920	540	380	920	540	380
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,345	1,905	1,435	3,345	1,905	1,435
54. History	1,365	725	640	1,365	725	640
55. French language and literature/letters	285	75	205	285	75	205
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25,830	8,205	17,625	25,830	8,205	17,625
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	670	165	505	670	165	505
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,870	800	1,065	1,870	800	1,065
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,680	350	5,330	5,680	350	5,330
22. Legal professions and studies	4,735	1,550	3,185	4,735	1,550	3,185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	370	120	250	370	120	250
42. Psychology	4,335	1,055	3,280	4,335	1,055	3,280
45. Social sciences	8,175	4,160	4,010	8,175	4,160	4,010
Business, management and public administration	69,300	20,470	48,835	69,300	20,470	48,835
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	35	165	195	35	165
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,795	1,230	5,570	6,795	1,230	5,570
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	62,310	19,205	43,105	62,310	19,205	43,105
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,985	4,575	4,405	8,985	4,575	4,405
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,490	1,995	2,495	4,490	1,995	2,495
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,085	530	550	1,085	530	550
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	95	25	70	95	25	70
40. Physical sciences	2,545	1,700	845	2,545	1,700	845
41. Science technologies/technicians	770	320	450	770	320	450
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,235	6,210	4,030	10,235	6,210	4,030
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,590	5,615	2,970	8,590	5,615	2,970
25. Library science	730	60	670	730	60	670
27. Mathematics and statistics	760	430	335	760	430	335
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	160	105	55	160	105	55
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	72,720	67,225	5,500	72,720	67,225	5,500
04. Architecture and related services	1,215	745	470	1,215	745	470
14. Engineering	11,685	9,635	2,045	11,685	9,635	2,045
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,195	9,865	1,330	11,195	9,865	1,330
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	18,905	18,275	630	18,905	18,275	630
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,855	19,240	620	19,855	19,240	620
48. Precision production	9,865	9,460	410	9,865	9,460	410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	13,365	9,360	4,005	13,365	9,360	4,005
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10,720	7,545	3,175	10,720	7,545	3,175
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,645	1,815	835	2,645	1,815	835
Health and related fields	57,985	9,720	48,265	57,985	9,720	48,265
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,520	1,635	1,890	3,520	1,635	1,890
51. Health professions and related programs	53,345	7,510	45,835	53,345	7,510	45,835
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,120	580	545	1,120	580	545
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,415	10,820	12,600	23,415	10,820	12,600
12. Personal and culinary services	14,320	3,175	11,155	14,320	3,175	11,155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	100	95	0	100	95	0
43. Security and protective services	4,055	2,955	1,105	4,055	2,955	1,105
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,935	4,590	340	4,935	4,590	340
Other	35	15	20	35	15	20
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	10	20	35	10	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	857,300	424,265	433,035	857,300	424,265	433,035
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	438,415	230,410	208,005	438,415	230,410	208,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	418,880	193,855	225,025	418,880	193,855	225,025
Location of study inside Canada	366,620	167,715	198,905	366,620	167,715	198,905
Same as province or territory of residence	293,455	130,990	162,465	293,455	130,990	162,465
Different than province or territory of residence	73,165	36,725	36,445	73,165	36,725	36,445
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	52,260	26,140	26,120	52,260	26,140	26,120
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,230	3,670	3,560	7,230	3,670	3,560
Philippines	13,980	6,230	7,750	13,980	6,230	7,750
India	6,215	3,280	2,930	6,215	3,280	2,930
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,250	1,830	1,420	3,250	1,830	1,420
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,730	1,295	1,435	2,730	1,295	1,435
France	220	125	95	220	125	95
Other	18,630	9,705	8,925	18,630	9,705	8,925
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	566,245	282,510	283,735	566,245	282,510	283,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	237,235	130,580	106,660	237,235	130,580	106,660
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	329,010	151,930	177,075	329,010	151,930	177,075
Location of study inside Canada	283,450	129,445	154,005	283,450	129,445	154,005
Same as province or territory of residence	225,420	100,405	125,010	225,420	100,405	125,010
Different than province or territory of residence	58,035	29,035	28,995	58,035	29,035	28,995
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	45,560	22,490	23,070	45,560	22,490	23,070
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,210	2,495	2,715	5,210	2,495	2,715
Philippines	13,335	5,950	7,385	13,335	5,950	7,385
India	5,560	2,935	2,625	5,560	2,935	2,625
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,180	1,275	905	2,180	1,275	905
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,520	1,180	1,345	2,520	1,180	1,345
France	200	115	85	200	115	85
Other	16,555	8,540	8,015	16,555	8,540	8,015
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	857,295	424,260	433,035	857,295	424,260	433,035
In the labour force	585,540	311,110	274,430	585,540	311,110	274,430
Employed	544,095	286,330	257,760	544,095	286,330	257,760
Unemployed	41,445	24,775	16,665	41,445	24,775	16,665
Not in the labour force	271,760	113,155	158,605	271,760	113,155	158,605
Participation rate	68.3	73.3	63.4	68.3	73.3	63.4
Employment rate	63.5	67.5	59.5	63.5	67.5	59.5
Unemployment rate	7.1	8.0	6.1	7.1	8.0	6.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	857,295	424,260	433,030	857,295	424,260	433,030
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	242,835	100,140	142,695	242,835	100,140	142,695
Worked	614,460	324,130	290,335	614,460	324,130	290,335
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	313,945	180,260	133,690	313,945	180,260	133,690
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	300,515	143,870	156,650	300,515	143,870	156,650
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.1	41.9	42.6	43.1	41.9
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	585,535	311,110	274,425	585,535	311,110	274,425
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,230	5,205	5,020	10,230	5,205	5,020
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,900	269,405	575,310	305,900	269,405
Employee	490,180	250,460	239,710	490,180	250,460	239,710
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	85,130	55,440	29,695	85,130	55,440	29,695
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	585,535	311,105	274,430	585,535	311,105	274,430
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,205	5,020	10,225	5,205	5,020
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	575,310	305,905	269,410
0 Management occupations	81,060	54,030	27,035	81,060	54,030	27,035
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	80,640	20,280	60,355	80,640	20,280	60,355
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	28,325	21,685	6,640	28,325	21,685	6,640
3 Health occupations	41,675	6,510	35,170	41,675	6,510	35,170
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	64,685	19,715	44,970	64,685	19,715	44,970
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,760	4,025	6,735	10,760	4,025	6,735
6 Sales and service occupations	124,090	50,165	73,920	124,090	50,165	73,920
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,755	93,540	6,215	99,755	93,540	6,215
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	28,155	22,590	5,565	28,155	22,590	5,565
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,165	13,370	2,800	16,165	13,370	2,800
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	585,540	311,105	274,430	585,540	311,105	274,430
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,200	5,020	10,225	5,200	5,020
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	575,310	305,905	269,410
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	51,255	36,820	14,440	51,255	36,820	14,440
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	23,070	20,040	3,025	23,070	20,040	3,025
22 Utilities	5,395	3,780	1,610	5,395	3,780	1,610
23 Construction	49,310	43,460	5,850	49,310	43,460	5,850
31-33 Manufacturing	26,710	21,000	5,710	26,710	21,000	5,710
41 Wholesale trade	20,480	15,325	5,155	20,480	15,325	5,155
44-45 Retail trade	63,360	30,185	33,180	63,360	30,185	33,180
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,755	19,385	5,370	24,755	19,385	5,370
51 Information and cultural industries	10,005	5,055	4,950	10,005	5,055	4,950
52 Finance and insurance	20,155	6,495	13,655	20,155	6,495	13,655
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,650	4,425	3,220	7,650	4,425	3,220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25,250	12,985	12,265	25,250	12,985	12,265
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,340	680	660	1,340	680	660
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,395	9,660	6,735	16,395	9,660	6,735
61 Educational services	45,360	13,670	31,690	45,360	13,670	31,690
62 Health care and social assistance	72,625	11,285	61,335	72,625	11,285	61,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,545	5,120	5,425	10,545	5,120	5,425
72 Accommodation and food services	37,785	14,295	23,490	37,785	14,295	23,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	25,680	12,590	13,090	25,680	12,590	13,090
91 Public administration	38,180	19,640	18,535	38,180	19,640	18,535
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	544,095	286,330	257,760	544,095	286,330	257,760
Worked at home	59,385	34,110	25,275	59,385	34,110	25,275
Worked outside Canada	840	550	295	840	550	295
No fixed workplace address	68,510	54,860	13,650	68,510	54,860	13,650
Worked at usual place	415,355	196,815	218,545	415,355	196,815	218,545
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	415,355	196,815	218,540	415,355	196,815	218,540
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	288,875	131,440	157,430	288,875	131,440	157,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	89,420	45,175	44,250	89,420	45,175	44,250
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	28,040	15,365	12,675	28,040	15,365	12,675
Commute to a different province or territory	9,015	4,830	4,185	9,015	4,830	4,185
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	483,865	251,675	232,190	483,865	251,675	232,190
Car, truck, van - as a driver	402,405	216,695	185,705	402,405	216,695	185,705
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,960	10,265	17,695	27,960	10,265	17,695
Public transit	13,825	5,380	8,445	13,825	5,380	8,445
Walked	27,120	11,505	15,615	27,120	11,505	15,615
Bicycle	5,475	3,415	2,065	5,475	3,415	2,065
Other method	7,075	4,410	2,665	7,075	4,410	2,665
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	483,865	251,675	232,190	483,865	251,675	232,190
Less than 15 minutes	212,525	101,290	111,235	212,525	101,290	111,235
15 to 29 minutes	179,160	95,105	84,055	179,160	95,105	84,055
30 to 44 minutes	53,345	30,035	23,310	53,345	30,035	23,310
45 to 59 minutes	17,630	10,285	7,345	17,630	10,285	7,345
60 minutes and over	21,205	14,960	6,245	21,205	14,960	6,245
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	483,865	251,675	232,190	483,865	251,675	232,190
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,630	21,835	7,800	29,630	21,835	7,800
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	88,420	56,715	31,705	88,420	56,715	31,705
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	158,875	83,520	75,355	158,875	83,520	75,355
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	101,065	40,385	60,680	101,065	40,385	60,680
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	41,740	16,680	25,065	41,740	16,680	25,065
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	64,140	32,540	31,600	64,140	32,540	31,600
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	633,325	332,450	300,875	633,325	332,450	300,875
Single responses	630,465	331,130	299,335	630,465	331,130	299,335
Official languages	626,545	329,115	297,435	626,545	329,115	297,435
English	624,555	328,520	296,030	624,555	328,520	296,030
French	1,995	590	1,405	1,995	590	1,405
Non-official languages	3,920	2,020	1,895	3,920	2,020	1,895
Aboriginal languages	1,540	775	770	1,540	775	770
Algonquian languages	915	485	435	915	485	435
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	905	470	430	905	470	430
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	55	40	95	55	40
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	40	25	20	40	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	770	395	375	770	395	375
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	15	10	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	0	15	10	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	290	340	620	290	340
Northern Athabaskan languages	625	285	340	625	285	340
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	625	285	335	625	285	335
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Dakota	0	10	0	0	10	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,375	1,245	1,130	2,375	1,245	1,130
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	100	20	115	100	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	10	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	95	10	110	95	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	75	65	0	75	65	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	20	0	20	20	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	10	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	135	115	245	135	115
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	245	135	115	245	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	105	95	205	105	95
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	10	10	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	10	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	100	85	185	100	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	560	250	305	560	250	305
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	35	60	100	35	60
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	95	35	60	95	35	60
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	25	10	10	25	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	65	20	50	65	20	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	165	95	65	165	95	65
Afrikaans	30	10	20	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	40	25	20	40	25	20
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	80	50	30	80	50	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	15	0	10	15	0
Greek	0	0	10	0	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	180	75	100	180	75	100
Indo-Aryan languages	160	70	90	160	70	90
Bengali	25	15	10	25	15	10
Gujarati	0	0	10	0	0	10
Hindi	20	10	10	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	10	0	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	40	20	20
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	10	0	0
Urdu	50	25	30	50	25	30
Iranian languages	20	10	15	20	10	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	0	15	25	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	45	70	110	45	70
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Romanian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Spanish	105	40	60	105	40	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	10	0	10
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	110	40	70	110	40	70
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	35	30	60	35	30
American Sign Language	10	0	10	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	30	20	50	30	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,030	560	465	1,030	560	465
Chinese languages	990	540	450	990	540	450
Cantonese	250	140	105	250	140	105
Hakka	10	0	10	10	0	10
Mandarin	605	310	300	605	310	300
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	135	90	40	135	90	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	25	20	40	25	20
Burmese	15	10	0	15	10	0
Karenic languages	25	20	10	25	20	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	15	10	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	15	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	0	0	15	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	10	10	0	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,860	1,315	1,540	2,860	1,315	1,540
English and French	650	235	410	650	235	410
English and non-official language	2,190	1,065	1,125	2,190	1,065	1,125
French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language	20	15	0	20	15	0
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	633,320	332,445	300,875	633,320	332,445	300,875
None	613,955	323,280	290,670	613,955	323,280	290,670
English	3,515	1,450	2,070	3,515	1,450	2,070
French	3,800	1,675	2,125	3,800	1,675	2,125
Non-official language	11,880	5,960	5,925	11,880	5,960	5,925
Aboriginal	4,590	2,095	2,490	4,590	2,095	2,490
Non-Aboriginal	7,290	3,860	3,435	7,290	3,860	3,435
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language	10	0	10	10	0	10
French and non-official language	170	90	85	170	90	85
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,055,820	525,975	529,850	1,055,820	525,975	529,850
Non-movers	905,630	451,665	453,965	905,630	451,665	453,965
Movers	150,195	74,310	75,880	150,195	74,310	75,880
Non-migrants	89,005	43,990	45,015	89,005	43,990	45,015
Migrants	61,185	30,320	30,865	61,185	30,320	30,865
Internal migrants	49,930	24,855	25,075	49,930	24,855	25,075
Intraprovincial migrants	35,965	17,690	18,275	35,965	17,690	18,275
Interprovincial migrants	13,970	7,165	6,805	13,970	7,165	6,805
External migrants	11,255	5,465	5,790	11,255	5,465	5,790
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	998,200	496,505	501,695	998,200	496,505	501,695
Non-movers	602,890	300,715	302,175	602,890	300,715	302,175
Movers	395,310	195,790	199,520	395,310	195,790	199,520
Non-migrants	201,450	99,955	101,495	201,450	99,955	101,495
Migrants	193,860	95,835	98,025	193,860	95,835	98,025
Internal migrants	147,360	72,815	74,540	147,360	72,815	74,540
Intraprovincial migrants	98,780	47,825	50,950	98,780	47,825	50,950
Interprovincial migrants	48,585	24,995	23,590	48,585	24,995	23,590
External migrants	46,500	23,015	23,485	46,500	23,015	23,485

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Saskatchewan [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 3, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Saskatchewan [Province]