Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Alberta [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Saskatchewan [Province]			Alberta [Province]
	Data quality , Saskatchewan [Province] Map : Saskatchewan [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Alberta [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	1,098,352	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	1,033,381	...	...	3,645,257	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	6.3	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	495,582	...	...	1,654,129	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	432,622	...	...	1,527,678	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.9	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	588,243.54	...	...	640,330.46	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	1,098,350	545,785	552,565	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765
0 to 14 years	215,685	110,410	105,275	779,155	399,570	379,580
0 to 4 years	73,130	37,335	35,795	266,515	136,520	129,995
5 to 9 years	74,460	38,155	36,305	270,715	138,990	131,725
10 to 14 years	68,095	34,920	33,175	241,920	124,060	117,860
15 to 64 years	712,240	358,110	354,130	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655
15 to 19 years	67,660	34,675	32,980	240,035	123,625	116,410
20 to 24 years	70,060	36,075	33,985	261,830	133,990	127,840
25 to 29 years	77,525	39,290	38,235	310,940	156,715	154,225
30 to 34 years	77,520	38,610	38,915	333,175	167,555	165,620
35 to 39 years	71,590	35,940	35,650	305,505	153,655	151,850
40 to 44 years	64,950	32,515	32,440	281,205	142,545	138,660
45 to 49 years	63,580	31,780	31,795	269,030	135,855	133,180
50 to 54 years	75,245	37,230	38,015	284,310	142,205	142,100
55 to 59 years	76,195	38,070	38,125	275,540	138,565	136,970
60 to 64 years	67,915	33,935	33,985	226,230	113,440	112,790
65 years and over	170,425	77,265	93,160	500,215	231,690	268,530
65 to 69 years	53,230	26,285	26,945	173,680	85,500	88,180
70 to 74 years	37,740	18,225	19,510	117,035	56,430	60,610
75 to 79 years	29,400	13,415	15,985	83,955	39,105	44,845
80 to 84 years	23,115	9,945	13,170	62,165	27,590	34,575
85 years and over	26,940	9,395	17,550	63,385	23,065	40,320
85 to 89 years	16,280	6,305	9,975	39,965	16,050	23,915
90 to 94 years	8,000	2,515	5,485	18,025	5,755	12,275
95 to 99 years	2,290	520	1,760	4,735	1,145	3,595
100 years and over	375	50	325	650	115	535
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.6	20.2	19.1	19.2	19.6	18.7
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.6	64.1	68.5	69.0	68.0
65 years and over	15.5	14.2	16.9	12.3	11.4	13.2
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.2	1.6	1.1	2.0
Average age of the population	39.1	38.2	40.0	37.8	37.2	38.4
Median age of the population	37.8	36.9	38.7	36.7	36.2	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	432,620	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Single-detached house	314,340	...	...	946,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,520	...	...	62,395	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	98,435	...	...	471,090	...	...
Semi-detached house	12,705	...	...	86,765	...	...
Row house	18,535	...	...	116,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,385	...	...	43,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	57,115	...	...	223,360	...	...
Other single-attached house	700	...	...	1,245	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	9,325	...	...	47,970	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	432,625	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
1 person	121,175	...	...	366,080	...	...
2 persons	153,610	...	...	524,415	...	...
3 persons	60,240	...	...	245,075	...	...
4 persons	56,080	...	...	233,770	...	...
5 or more persons	41,520	...	...	158,335	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,070,560	...	...	3,978,145	...	...
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	882,670	435,375	447,290	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185
Married or living common law	520,430	261,075	259,355	1,969,300	988,410	980,895
Married	437,875	219,800	218,075	1,648,945	828,155	820,790
Living common law	82,550	41,270	41,280	320,350	160,250	160,100
Not married and not living common law	362,240	174,310	187,930	1,318,720	651,430	667,290
Never married	242,070	133,750	108,325	905,700	505,310	400,390
Separated	19,795	8,945	10,855	76,150	34,000	42,150
Divorced	47,180	20,985	26,200	195,850	82,040	113,815
Widowed	53,190	10,635	42,555	141,020	30,080	110,940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	302,260	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
2 persons	157,195	...	...	540,850	...	...
3 persons	58,770	...	...	235,245	...	...
4 persons	54,125	...	...	227,165	...	...
5 or more persons	32,170	...	...	111,330	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	302,260	...	...	1,114,585	...	...
Total couple families	252,765	...	...	953,325	...	...
Married couples	211,500	...	...	793,195	...	...
Common-law couples	41,265	...	...	160,130	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	49,495	...	...	161,260	...	...
Female parent	38,165	...	...	123,490	...	...
Male parent	11,330	...	...	37,770	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	252,770	...	...	953,325	...	...
Couples without children	129,085	...	...	443,665	...	...
Couples with children	123,685	...	...	509,655	...	...
1 child	45,495	...	...	190,010	...	...
2 children	49,035	...	...	213,910	...	...
3 or more children	29,150	...	...	105,735	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	49,490	...	...	161,260	...	...
1 child	28,110	...	...	97,180	...	...
2 children	13,280	...	...	45,235	...	...
3 or more children	8,105	...	...	18,845	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	187,765	95,550	92,210	678,535	356,875	321,655
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	432,620	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One-census-family households	285,675	...	...	1,039,985	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	124,620	...	...	414,570	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	161,055	...	...	625,415	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	7,975	...	...	36,120	...	...
Non-census-family households	138,965	...	...	451,570	...	...
One-person households	121,175	...	...	366,080	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	17,795	...	...	85,490	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English only	1,023,400	511,940	511,460	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095
French only	535	255	280	3,895	1,725	2,165
English and French	51,360	23,290	28,065	264,720	124,400	140,315
Neither English nor French	7,945	3,620	4,325	59,280	24,715	34,565
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
English	1,060,225	528,155	532,075	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705
French	13,555	6,590	6,960	71,535	37,205	34,330
English and French	1,770	890	885	16,605	8,350	8,255
Neither English nor French	7,685	3,475	4,220	57,830	23,970	33,860
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	14,435	7,035	7,405	79,840	41,380	38,455
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.3	1.3	1.4	2.0	2.0	1.9
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	1,083,240	539,105	544,135	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
Single responses	1,064,675	530,145	534,530	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970
Official languages	907,715	452,955	454,760	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165
English	892,615	445,635	446,985	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460
French	15,100	7,320	7,775	72,150	37,450	34,705
Non-official languages	156,960	77,195	79,770	870,940	423,140	447,805
Aboriginal languages	28,340	13,685	14,660	23,835	11,290	12,550
Algonquian languages	19,965	9,640	10,325	18,295	8,665	9,630
Blackfoot	10	5	5	2,750	1,305	1,445
Cree-Montagnais languages	19,015	9,190	9,825	14,960	7,105	7,850
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Moose Cree	5	0	0	10	0	5
Naskapi	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	30	15	10	50	15	35
Plains Cree	2,080	975	1,105	720	280	435
Southern East Cree	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	250	115	135	50	20	35
Woods Cree	780	370	410	910	430	480
Cree, n.o.s.	15,860	7,710	8,155	13,220	6,355	6,865
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	5	30	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	5	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	35	20	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	935	445	490	550	235	315
Algonquin	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ojibway	925	440	485	525	230	300
Oji-Cree	10	5	5	15	5	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,800	4,060	1,865	865	1,000
Northern Athabaskan languages	7,860	3,805	4,055	1,855	860	990
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	35	15	15
Carrier	0	0	0	15	0	15
Chilcotin	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dene	7,855	3,800	4,055	1,470	710	760
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	40	10	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	70	20	45
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	200	90	115
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	10	5	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	155	70	80
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	25
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	10	20	120	35	85
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	5	0	25	5	10
Inuktitut	20	10	15	60	20	45
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	35	10	30
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	10	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5	5	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	5	0	0
Michif	235	110	125	80	45	35
Salish languages	5	5	0	15	5	10
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	5	0	0	5	5
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Siouan languages	230	110	120	3,370	1,630	1,745
Dakota	195	85	105	350	165	185
Stoney	5	0	0	3,020	1,460	1,555
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	15	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	5	0	0	10	5	5
Tsimshian	5	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	55	30	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	128,620	63,510	65,110	847,105	411,850	435,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,770	3,560	3,215	68,415	36,215	32,200
Berber languages	10	5	0	340	190	145
Kabyle	5	0	0	165	90	75
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	175	100	75
Cushitic languages	1,050	505	545	12,525	6,495	6,030
Bilen	55	25	30	315	185	130
Oromo	195	100	90	2,650	1,375	1,275
Somali	775	355	415	9,520	4,915	4,605
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	40	20	20
Semitic languages	5,685	3,035	2,650	55,425	29,450	25,980
Amharic	290	140	155	7,320	3,605	3,720
Arabic	4,040	2,200	1,840	40,540	21,840	18,705
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	305	160	145	400	210	190
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	75	145	80	65
Harari	5	0	0	260	135	120
Hebrew	75	45	30	960	505	460
Maltese	10	5	5	75	30	40
Tigrigna	680	340	340	5,415	2,880	2,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	130	65	60	305	155	145
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	130	80	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,560	1,250	1,305	25,295	11,760	13,535
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	70	70	1,925	910	1,010
Vietnamese	2,420	1,180	1,235	23,350	10,840	12,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austronesian languages	23,415	11,130	12,280	115,405	50,190	65,210
Bikol	85	40	40	425	205	225
Cebuano	1,545	685	855	5,135	2,155	2,980
Fijian	25	20	5	125	75	50
Hiligaynon	255	120	140	1,500	640	855
Ilocano	790	370	415	5,350	2,310	3,040
Malagasy	0	0	0	35	10	25
Malay	125	55	70	1,460	615	845
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	80	95	765	370	390
Pangasinan	40	15	25	290	115	175
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20,045	9,590	10,455	99,035	43,120	55,920
Waray-Waray	60	30	35	305	145	160
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	265	125	140	980	430	550
Creole languages	220	105	120	1,895	990	910
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	95	45	50
Creole, n.o.s.	150	70	80	1,175	640	540
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	625	305	325
Dravidian languages	1,560	865	700	13,490	7,075	6,415
Kannada	60	35	30	535	270	265
Malayalam	850	455	395	6,345	3,285	3,060
Tamil	350	200	150	4,430	2,360	2,070
Telugu	285	165	120	2,130	1,135	995
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	50	25	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages	73,170	36,230	36,930	442,685	220,330	222,355
Albanian	380	190	190	2,345	1,270	1,075
Armenian	70	40	30	500	250	245
Balto-Slavic languages	18,460	8,490	9,970	80,330	37,750	42,580
Baltic languages	175	85	90	1,010	475	535
Latvian	100	45	50	415	195	220
Lithuanian	75	40	35	600	285	315
Slavic languages	18,285	8,400	9,885	79,325	37,275	42,050
Belarusan	0	0	0	65	30	30
Bosnian	225	110	120	1,835	915	920
Bulgarian	65	35	30	1,545	790	755
Croatian	455	240	220	4,655	2,340	2,320
Czech	235	115	125	3,000	1,430	1,575
Macedonian	55	30	30	360	185	175
Polish	1,865	850	1,015	20,130	9,425	10,705
Russian	3,045	1,460	1,580	17,810	8,150	9,665
Serbian	465	235	225	4,020	2,035	1,985
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	65	970	480	485
Slovak	115	60	55	2,185	1,070	1,115
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	40	45	695	320	370
Ukrainian	11,270	5,035	6,230	21,835	9,985	11,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	290	145	145	215	120	100
Celtic languages	60	30	30	370	200	170
Scottish Gaelic	10	5	5	135	70	65
Welsh	30	10	15	175	85	80
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	5	65	40	25
Germanic languages	24,455	11,710	12,745	104,260	51,525	52,735
Afrikaans	880	450	430	3,010	1,475	1,535
Danish	255	145	110	2,380	1,245	1,135
Dutch	1,385	685	700	16,135	8,095	8,045
Frisian	30	20	10	360	200	160
German	21,320	10,150	11,170	80,050	39,435	40,615
Icelandic	55	20	25	115	55	60
Norwegian	310	140	165	815	370	445
Swedish	150	60	90	875	405	470
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	25	35	320	150	170
Yiddish	25	10	10	140	70	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	55	30	25
Greek	935	490	445	3,130	1,655	1,475
Indo-Iranian languages	22,335	12,065	10,270	166,805	85,250	81,560
Indo-Aryan languages	19,995	10,780	9,210	145,900	74,320	71,580
Bengali	2,795	1,495	1,300	7,000	3,630	3,370
Gujarati	2,510	1,420	1,090	13,140	6,785	6,355
Hindi	1,545	880	665	17,055	8,675	8,385
Kashmiri	20	10	10	105	60	50
Konkani	35	15	10	370	190	185
Marathi	140	80	55	1,510	775	730
Nepali	770	400	370	5,175	2,690	2,490
Oriya (Odia)	25	10	10	190	100	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,250	2,890	2,360	68,695	34,935	33,760
Sindhi	120	65	55	2,770	1,300	1,475
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	270	130	135	2,590	1,320	1,265
Urdu	6,520	3,380	3,135	27,295	13,865	13,430
Iranian languages	2,065	1,130	940	19,600	10,235	9,365
Kurdish	145	80	65	1,550	845	705
Pashto	555	315	235	2,560	1,320	1,235
Persian (Farsi)	1,370	735	635	15,490	8,070	7,425
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	155	120	1,310	695	615
Italic (Romance) languages	6,470	3,225	3,250	84,940	42,425	42,515
Catalan	5	0	0	75	30	45
Italian	705	365	340	11,375	5,760	5,615
Portuguese	615	265	350	9,050	4,380	4,670
Romanian	850	425	430	8,035	4,080	3,955
Spanish	4,290	2,165	2,125	56,370	28,160	28,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	35	20	15
Japanese	320	100	220	4,875	1,715	3,160
Kartvelian languages	5	5	5	230	130	105
Georgian	5	0	5	230	130	100
Korean	1,670	800	865	17,920	8,485	9,435
Mongolic languages	40	20	25	545	255	290
Mongolian	40	20	25	540	255	290
Niger-Congo languages	2,310	1,235	1,075	15,360	7,870	7,495
Akan (Twi)	190	115	75	1,755	915	835
Bamanankan	0	0	5	35	20	15
Edo	35	20	15	275	155	120
Ewe	50	30	20	245	145	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	5	230	120	100
Ga	20	15	5	145	80	65
Ganda	35	15	20	280	145	135
Igbo	215	125	90	1,165	625	540
Lingala	30	20	15	270	130	140
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	605	305	295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	115	55	60	805	405	400
Shona	90	55	40	1,100	545	555
Swahili	425	220	205	2,380	1,160	1,215
Wolof	20	10	10	280	165	110
Yoruba	465	240	220	2,435	1,305	1,125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	430	220	215	3,370	1,640	1,735
Nilo-Saharan languages	335	195	140	2,720	1,395	1,330
Dinka	115	70	45	1,345	705	640
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	220	120	100	1,375	685	690
Sign languages	200	100	100	830	440	390
American Sign Language	65	35	35	335	165	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	135	70	65	495	275	225
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,500	6,700	6,795	122,450	57,740	64,705
Chinese languages	12,460	6,165	6,290	120,375	56,675	63,700
Cantonese	3,775	1,830	1,950	59,145	27,755	31,385
Hakka	35	20	15	990	465	530
Mandarin	7,230	3,600	3,630	50,660	23,940	26,720
Min Dong	5	0	0	115	50	65
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	110	100	3,060	1,375	1,695
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	35	25	630	305	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,135	570	565	5,725	2,770	2,955
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	40	15	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,040	530	505	2,075	1,065	1,005
Burmese	180	115	65	430	230	200
Karenic languages	810	395	415	795	415	380
Tibetan	15	5	10	575	295	275
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	275	130	140
Tai-Kadai languages	525	235	290	2,670	955	1,710
Lao	345	175	170	1,020	485	535
Thai	180	55	125	1,630	465	1,165
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	15
Turkic languages	360	185	175	4,050	2,250	1,800
Azerbaijani	25	10	10	365	215	155
Turkish	290	155	130	3,140	1,760	1,375
Uyghur	5	0	5	130	70	60
Uzbek	30	5	15	205	115	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	215	95	120
Uralic languages	1,555	735	820	7,470	3,600	3,870
Estonian	20	10	10	190	90	105
Finnish	205	85	120	810	330	480
Hungarian	1,330	650	685	6,470	3,185	3,285
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	100	55	45	690	415	280
Multiple responses	18,560	8,955	9,605	92,070	44,900	47,175
English and French	2,045	985	1,060	10,230	4,950	5,280
English and non-official language	15,925	7,675	8,245	77,520	37,815	39,705
French and non-official language	315	150	165	2,685	1,375	1,305
English, French and non-official language	280	145	135	1,640	760	880
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	1,083,240	539,100	544,130	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145
Single responses	1,049,130	522,390	526,740	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385
Official languages	968,625	481,845	486,780	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395
English	964,640	479,915	484,730	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895
French	3,985	1,930	2,050	27,630	14,130	13,500
Non-official languages	80,505	40,540	39,960	482,725	237,740	244,990
Aboriginal languages	16,605	8,355	8,245	9,970	4,940	5,020
Algonquian languages	10,145	5,185	4,960	7,175	3,575	3,605
Blackfoot	0	0	0	1,110	555	555
Cree-Montagnais languages	10,000	5,105	4,895	5,875	2,925	2,945
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	20	10	10
Plains Cree	1,195	580	610	125	60	60
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	95	40	55	5	0	5
Woods Cree	180	100	85	600	300	295
Cree, n.o.s.	8,525	4,380	4,145	5,120	2,540	2,575
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	140	75	65	190	95	95
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	145	80	70	185	90	95
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	6,360	3,130	3,235	620	320	300
Northern Athabaskan languages	6,365	3,130	3,230	620	325	300
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	10	5	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	6,360	3,130	3,230	540	280	260
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	60	35	30
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	5	0	5	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	45	20	25	10	5	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	50	25	20	2,125	1,025	1,095
Dakota	35	15	10	175	85	85
Stoney	0	0	0	1,945	935	1,010
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Non-Aboriginal languages	63,905	32,185	31,720	472,760	232,800	239,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,625	2,340	2,290	43,770	22,535	21,235
Berber languages	0	0	0	200	105	95
Kabyle	5	0	0	90	45	40
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45
Cushitic languages	720	335	380	9,220	4,750	4,470
Bilen	30	15	15	280	160	115
Oromo	140	75	70	2,075	1,060	1,015
Somali	530	245	290	6,850	3,520	3,325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	15	5	10
Semitic languages	3,900	1,995	1,905	34,310	17,660	16,655
Amharic	150	75	70	4,915	2,390	2,530
Arabic	2,890	1,500	1,390	24,230	12,555	11,675
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	225	105	120	260	130	130
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	115	60	55	95	50	40
Harari	0	0	0	165	80	85
Hebrew	25	10	15	460	235	225
Maltese	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tigrigna	430	205	220	3,955	2,095	1,860
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	70	40	30	210	110	100
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	45	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,740	850	895	16,355	7,635	8,715
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	960	460	500
Vietnamese	1,700	830	865	15,380	7,175	8,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	12,515	6,210	6,300	60,860	28,765	32,100
Bikol	15	5	10	70	40	35
Cebuano	580	280	295	2,110	1,015	1,090
Fijian	0	0	0	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	110	60	50	470	215	255
Ilocano	240	115	120	1,975	935	1,035
Malagasy	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malay	35	20	15	405	205	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	35	35	220	110	110
Pangasinan	10	5	5	45	20	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,345	5,630	5,715	55,105	26,005	29,100
Waray-Waray	15	5	5	125	60	60
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	280	120	155
Creole languages	95	35	65	970	495	475
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	50	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	65	25	40	655	345	310
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	845	440	410	8,460	4,335	4,125
Kannada	20	10	10	210	105	105
Malayalam	525	265	260	4,060	2,070	1,990
Tamil	155	90	65	2,915	1,515	1,395
Telugu	145	75	70	1,245	635	615
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	31,235	15,915	15,325	230,270	115,280	114,995
Albanian	205	100	100	1,060	570	485
Armenian	45	25	20	215	115	105
Balto-Slavic languages	5,170	2,560	2,610	30,220	14,820	15,400
Baltic languages	80	35	45	410	210	200
Latvian	40	20	20	165	85	80
Lithuanian	40	15	25	250	125	120
Slavic languages	5,090	2,525	2,560	29,815	14,610	15,205
Belarusan	0	0	0	15	10	5
Bosnian	85	45	40	785	400	385
Bulgarian	35	20	15	825	415	405
Croatian	170	85	85	1,800	905	895
Czech	30	20	15	875	440	430
Macedonian	35	15	15	175	90	85
Polish	480	220	255	7,705	3,675	4,030
Russian	1,725	875	840	10,145	4,965	5,175
Serbian	270	140	130	2,100	1,045	1,055
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	315	160	155
Slovak	30	15	15	710	345	365
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	150	70	75
Ukrainian	2,010	985	1,025	4,180	2,060	2,110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	170	80	90	55	30	25
Celtic languages	10	5	5	40	25	15
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	15	15	5
Welsh	5	0	5	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	10	5	0
Germanic languages	8,110	3,990	4,120	40,915	20,280	20,625
Afrikaans	530	275	250	1,705	835	875
Danish	10	5	0	150	75	75
Dutch	200	110	95	1,980	985	1,000
Frisian	5	0	0	60	30	30
German	7,290	3,565	3,725	36,295	18,010	18,290
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	15
Norwegian	10	5	10	60	20	35
Swedish	10	5	10	145	65	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	60	30	25
Yiddish	5	0	5	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	425	215	210
Greek	395	190	205	1,015	490	525
Indo-Iranian languages	14,385	7,560	6,825	111,975	56,535	55,445
Indo-Aryan languages	12,960	6,820	6,140	98,610	49,790	48,815
Bengali	1,915	980	930	4,530	2,300	2,225
Gujarati	1,585	865	720	8,025	4,085	3,935
Hindi	880	490	390	9,945	5,115	4,825
Kashmiri	5	0	0	50	20	25
Konkani	10	5	5	75	40	40
Marathi	55	30	30	845	440	405
Nepali	570	290	275	3,710	1,905	1,805
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	95	50	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,485	1,885	1,605	51,010	25,720	25,295
Sindhi	55	25	25	1,240	575	665
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	140	70	70	1,480	750	730
Urdu	4,265	2,180	2,080	17,600	8,795	8,810
Iranian languages	1,280	660	615	12,720	6,415	6,305
Kurdish	65	40	30	850	440	410
Pashto	345	185	160	1,640	845	795
Persian (Farsi)	865	435	430	10,230	5,135	5,100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	650	325	325
Italic (Romance) languages	2,920	1,480	1,435	44,830	22,445	22,385
Catalan	0	0	0	35	10	20
Italian	155	80	75	2,840	1,275	1,560
Portuguese	220	100	115	3,905	1,875	2,030
Romanian	315	165	150	4,135	2,115	2,020
Spanish	2,220	1,130	1,085	33,910	17,160	16,755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	10	5	5
Japanese	120	45	75	2,245	945	1,300
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	160	85	70
Georgian	0	0	0	160	85	70
Korean	1,180	590	595	12,775	6,205	6,570
Mongolic languages	25	10	10	335	160	175
Mongolian	25	10	10	335	155	175
Niger-Congo languages	735	350	380	5,600	2,725	2,875
Akan (Twi)	55	30	25	845	415	430
Bamanankan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Edo	10	0	5	70	35	35
Ewe	5	5	5	80	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10	105	55	45
Ga	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ganda	10	5	5	95	50	50
Igbo	40	15	20	265	125	145
Lingala	15	10	10	85	35	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	85	45	40	280	135	145
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	25	350	175	170
Shona	35	25	15	410	190	225
Swahili	200	90	110	1,090	530	565
Wolof	0	5	0	170	95	75
Yoruba	115	55	55	690	340	350
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	1,015	485	535
Nilo-Saharan languages	135	65	70	1,525	765	755
Dinka	65	30	30	800	420	380
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	70	35	40	725	350	375
Sign languages	285	175	105	1,095	630	465
American Sign Language	50	30	20	325	170	155
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	230	150	85	765	455	310
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,700	4,835	4,865	82,380	39,230	43,155
Chinese languages	8,925	4,450	4,475	80,880	38,455	42,420
Cantonese	2,400	1,140	1,265	38,275	17,810	20,460
Hakka	5	0	0	315	135	185
Mandarin	5,645	2,865	2,780	37,125	18,030	19,095
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	45	35	1,245	540	705
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	340	175	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	760	385	380	3,550	1,760	1,785
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	775	380	395	1,500	770	730
Burmese	115	65	55	280	145	130
Karenic languages	640	310	335	665	340	320
Tibetan	10	0	5	420	220	200
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	140	65	75
Tai-Kadai languages	190	85	105	1,130	505	625
Lao	125	60	60	465	215	245
Thai	70	25	45	655	285	370
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	5	10
Turkic languages	195	100	95	2,390	1,270	1,120
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	155	90	75
Turkish	170	90	85	1,945	1,030	915
Uyghur	0	0	0	80	45	40
Uzbek	10	5	10	135	70	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	70	35	25
Uralic languages	240	125	120	2,130	1,040	1,085
Estonian	10	0	5	25	10	15
Finnish	15	10	5	105	50	50
Hungarian	215	110	105	1,995	980	1,015
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	240	140	95
Multiple responses	34,110	16,720	17,395	189,040	92,280	96,760
English and French	1,210	575	635	6,885	3,410	3,475
English and non-official language	32,250	15,810	16,435	178,070	86,895	91,170
French and non-official language	150	85	70	1,125	540	580
English, French and non-official language	495	250	250	2,965	1,430	1,530
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	1,083,235	539,100	544,130	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140
None	983,935	490,490	493,450	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055
English	41,920	21,045	20,875	221,305	110,655	110,650
French	9,340	4,085	5,255	41,840	19,470	22,375
Non-official language	46,495	22,705	23,785	262,255	125,640	136,615
Aboriginal	13,490	6,445	7,050	17,430	8,325	9,105
Non-Aboriginal	33,005	16,265	16,740	244,825	117,315	127,510
English and French	170	85	85	1,535	775	760
English and non-official language	860	440	420	4,545	2,345	2,195
French and non-official language	495	245	255	2,795	1,340	1,455
English, French and non-official language	20	5	10	85	50	40
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	857,270	424,245	433,025	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,620	407,715	414,905	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,299	46,117	31,978	42,717	54,891	33,213
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	822,745	407,730	415,015	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,570	40,492	29,564	38,067	47,131	30,478
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	750,515	378,290	372,225	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,883	45,587	29,314	42,330	54,528	32,099
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	550,165	236,760	313,405	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	5,340	4,200	5,870	4,093	3,834	4,185
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	636,955	331,975	304,970	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	36,612	44,551	30,027	42,679	54,361	32,982
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	857,300	424,265	433,030	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,545	407,840	414,705	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	49,409	58,791	40,184	62,778	80,001	45,535
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	822,655	407,855	414,800	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,933	47,453	34,523	50,683	62,938	38,417
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	750,475	378,445	372,035	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	48,491	58,779	38,026	62,997	80,282	44,766
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	549,500	236,590	312,910	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,734	7,322	8,045	7,175	7,298	7,093
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	636,950	331,745	305,205	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	46,853	55,728	37,207	59,343	74,073	43,031
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	857,295	424,260	433,030	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	302,780	173,250	129,525	1,152,385	669,770	482,615
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	55,368	62,070	48,579	64,090	73,781	53,836
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,855	72,366	54,808	81,586	94,822	63,218
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	89.5	92.8	84.8	93.3	95.8	89.1
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	73.2	76.8	68.0	76.5	78.9	72.3
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	10.5	7.2	15.2	6.7	4.2	10.9
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	857,270	424,245	433,025	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without total income	34,645	16,530	18,120	152,585	74,410	78,170
With total income	822,620	407,715	414,905	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190
Percentage with total income	96.0	96.1	95.8	95.2	95.4	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	105,780	47,325	58,455	389,580	146,450	243,130
$10,000 to $19,999	118,380	46,195	72,180	385,235	147,125	238,110
$20,000 to $29,999	107,890	42,345	65,545	364,915	142,810	222,105
$30,000 to $39,999	95,605	41,315	54,295	305,680	131,185	174,490
$40,000 to $49,999	89,285	42,260	47,025	286,615	133,715	152,900
$50,000 to $59,999	70,395	36,950	33,450	247,830	124,720	123,115
$60,000 to $69,999	53,855	31,055	22,795	205,840	114,405	91,430
$70,000 to $79,999	41,930	25,290	16,645	165,640	99,645	65,995
$80,000 to $89,999	34,305	20,750	13,560	132,720	82,700	50,020
$90,000 to $99,999	26,165	16,100	10,060	114,010	70,655	43,350
$100,000 and over	79,030	58,125	20,905	455,410	334,865	120,550
$100,000 to $149,999	56,160	40,025	16,140	274,185	191,710	82,475
$150,000 and over	22,870	18,100	4,770	181,225	143,150	38,075
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	857,270	424,245	433,025	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365
Without after-tax income	34,520	16,515	18,010	151,915	74,270	77,645
With after-tax income	822,745	407,730	415,015	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715
Percentage with after-tax income	96.0	96.1	95.8	95.3	95.4	95.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	108,310	48,150	60,160	399,005	149,280	249,725
$10,000 to $19,999	123,690	48,420	75,275	402,780	154,330	248,450
$20,000 to $29,999	125,285	50,160	75,125	420,955	166,650	254,300
$30,000 to $39,999	119,460	54,365	65,100	377,590	169,665	207,925
$40,000 to $49,999	103,250	52,900	50,350	347,960	172,595	175,365
$50,000 to $59,999	73,855	42,315	31,540	276,970	153,985	122,985
$60,000 to $69,999	53,925	32,645	21,280	208,265	127,045	81,220
$70,000 to $79,999	38,615	23,385	15,235	160,580	100,970	59,610
$80,000 and over	76,345	55,395	20,950	460,030	333,895	126,140
$80,000 to $89,999	24,935	16,370	8,560	121,015	78,400	42,620
$90,000 to $99,999	16,260	11,815	4,445	82,020	57,375	24,645
$100,000 and over	35,155	27,210	7,945	257,000	198,120	58,875
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	857,270	424,245	433,025	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360
Without employment income	220,320	92,270	128,055	732,385	301,060	431,330
With employment income	636,950	331,980	304,970	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035
Percentage with employment income	74.3	78.3	70.4	77.2	81.2	73.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	82,210	38,805	43,410	273,835	122,830	151,005
$5,000 to $9,999	46,620	20,310	26,310	164,095	68,100	95,990
$10,000 to $19,999	77,480	33,900	43,575	274,105	113,680	160,430
$20,000 to $29,999	68,175	29,285	38,885	235,620	96,855	138,760
$30,000 to $39,999	66,120	29,825	36,295	227,450	100,650	126,805
$40,000 to $49,999	61,800	29,930	31,870	219,155	103,680	115,475
$50,000 to $59,999	51,075	27,565	23,510	195,145	99,285	95,860
$60,000 to $69,999	39,805	23,605	16,195	163,465	92,950	70,515
$70,000 to $79,999	32,265	20,015	12,255	135,150	83,240	51,910
$80,000 and over	111,405	78,745	32,665	585,640	420,365	165,280
$80,000 to $89,999	28,240	17,220	11,020	111,045	71,210	39,835
$90,000 to $99,999	21,415	13,645	7,770	99,785	62,305	37,480
$100,000 and over	61,750	47,885	13,870	374,815	286,855	87,960
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	432,625	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	75,412	...	...	93,835	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	65,784	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	121,175	...	...	366,080	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	38,188	...	...	47,948	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	34,099	...	...	41,502	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	311,450	...	...	1,161,600	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,530	...	...	111,435	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	81,696	...	...	94,830	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	432,620	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,942	...	...	125,522	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	77,837	...	...	101,361	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	121,040	...	...	365,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	48,880	...	...	64,341	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	40,555	...	...	52,116	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	311,580	...	...	1,162,675	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,447	...	...	144,729	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	92,320	...	...	116,821	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	432,625	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	6,930	...	...	21,660	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,575	...	...	13,555	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,675	...	...	18,070	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,025	...	...	33,045	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	18,845	...	...	51,505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,875	...	...	38,615	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	17,700	...	...	42,580	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	17,410	...	...	46,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	17,345	...	...	46,520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	16,525	...	...	46,825	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	31,595	...	...	95,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	29,700	...	...	95,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	27,605	...	...	92,345	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25,810	...	...	88,775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	23,280	...	...	84,570	...	...
$100,000 and over	154,720	...	...	712,215	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	48,375	...	...	184,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	35,320	...	...	142,910	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	40,875	...	...	181,960	...	...
$200,000 and over	30,160	...	...	202,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	432,625	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Under $5,000	7,355	...	...	23,395	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	4,680	...	...	13,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	7,860	...	...	18,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	18,625	...	...	34,540	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20,275	...	...	55,010	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	17,325	...	...	44,170	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20,700	...	...	50,280	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20,990	...	...	55,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20,395	...	...	57,695	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	19,790	...	...	59,195	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,680	...	...	119,200	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	35,255	...	...	116,250	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	32,575	...	...	112,675	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	28,995	...	...	106,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	25,545	...	...	95,600	...	...
$100,000 and over	114,570	...	...	565,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	47,890	...	...	192,795	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	29,680	...	...	132,240	...	...
$150,000 and over	36,995	...	...	240,305	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	299,345	...	...	1,099,900	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,747	...	...	109,997	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	81,065	...	...	93,588	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	122,845	...	...	407,300	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	87,865	...	...	101,283	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	75,765	...	...	86,043	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	124,285	...	...	511,375	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,530	...	...	133,186	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	101,656	...	...	111,951	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	44,110	...	...	146,045	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	50,749	...	...	62,909	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,776	...	...	57,079	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	299,455	...	...	1,101,485	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	111,031	...	...	144,493	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	91,825	...	...	116,343	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	123,045	...	...	408,625	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	104,889	...	...	137,805	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,074	...	...	110,236	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	124,275	...	...	512,615	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,718	...	...	169,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,601	...	...	135,623	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	44,125	...	...	145,115	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,208	...	...	80,406	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,678	...	...	68,470	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	161,805	82,400	79,405	577,475	308,835	268,640
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	35,875	40,000	32,247	42,598	47,903	37,344
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	32,415	35,306	29,777	37,648	41,340	33,785
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	161,560	82,510	79,050	573,385	306,195	267,190
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	45,756	49,739	41,598	56,856	63,468	49,280
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	38,229	40,766	35,581	46,559	50,990	41,481
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650
In the bottom half of the distribution	506,055	243,040	263,010	1,527,695	739,210	788,485
In the bottom decile	111,770	55,530	56,245	293,490	143,880	149,605
In the second decile	104,900	46,610	58,285	278,635	128,055	150,575
In the third decile	94,035	44,535	49,500	297,695	142,090	155,605
In the fourth decile	96,045	47,015	49,030	315,570	154,815	160,760
In the fifth decile	99,300	49,350	49,950	342,305	170,375	171,935
In the top half of the distribution	564,505	290,345	274,160	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160
In the sixth decile	104,200	52,705	51,495	366,250	183,860	182,390
In the seventh decile	109,400	55,670	53,725	397,275	201,465	195,810
In the eighth decile	115,215	59,255	55,965	443,585	227,385	216,200
In the ninth decile	121,965	62,875	59,085	522,545	268,995	253,555
In the top decile	113,730	59,840	53,885	720,795	377,585	343,215
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	1,014,605	505,225	509,380	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485
0 to 17 years	230,205	117,925	112,275	893,255	458,330	434,925
0 to 5 years	79,345	40,700	38,645	310,080	158,825	151,260
18 to 64 years	631,280	316,125	315,155	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295
65 years and over	153,120	71,180	81,950	451,235	214,965	236,265
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	130,220	60,375	69,845	363,890	171,945	191,940
0 to 17 years	41,010	20,960	20,050	114,215	58,665	55,555
0 to 5 years	15,420	7,850	7,575	41,755	21,350	20,400
18 to 64 years	67,080	31,315	35,765	210,870	98,415	112,455
65 years and over	22,130	8,100	14,025	38,800	14,875	23,925
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.0	13.7	9.3	8.7	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	17.8	17.8	17.9	12.8	12.8	12.8
0 to 5 years (%)	19.4	19.3	19.6	13.5	13.4	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	9.9	11.3	8.2	7.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	14.5	11.4	17.1	8.6	6.9	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	59,440	29,890	29,545	273,515	134,180	139,335
0 to 17 years	17,870	9,140	8,735	76,930	39,385	37,550
0 to 5 years	7,005	3,540	3,465	28,190	14,420	13,770
18 to 64 years	38,775	19,470	19,305	181,805	88,715	93,095
65 years and over	2,795	1,280	1,510	14,780	6,085	8,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	5.9	5.8	7.0	6.8	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	7.8	7.8	8.6	8.6	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.7	9.0	9.1	9.1	9.1
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.2	6.1	7.0	6.8	7.3
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	3.3	2.8	3.7
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Official languages	1,062,885	529,920	532,965	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095
English	1,062,275	529,630	532,645	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005
French	51,325	23,600	27,725	264,600	123,940	140,660
Non-official languages	187,450	91,805	95,645	1,082,425	527,770	554,655
Aboriginal languages	38,110	18,390	19,720	36,465	17,415	19,045
Algonquian languages	28,270	13,675	14,590	29,675	14,120	15,555
Blackfoot	10	10	0	5,575	2,665	2,905
Cree-Montagnais languages	27,065	13,115	13,950	23,465	11,155	12,310
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	25	0	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	40	30	15	90	20	70
Plains Cree	3,665	1,770	1,900	1,580	620	965
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swampy Cree	470	185	285	45	25	25
Woods Cree	1,260	570	695	1,135	525	610
Cree, n.o.s.	21,870	10,695	11,175	20,665	9,990	10,675
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	35	15	15
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,310	620	695	955	425	530
Algonquin	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway	1,300	610	690	925	415	505
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	20	10	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages	9,120	4,350	4,770	2,640	1,255	1,385
Northern Athabaskan languages	9,105	4,345	4,760	2,630	1,250	1,380
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Beaver	0	0	0	85	50	35
Carrier	0	0	0	45	10	35
Chilcotin	0	0	0	20	15	10
Dene	9,105	4,350	4,755	2,010	975	1,035
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	75	30	45
Gwich'in	10	0	0	10	0	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	150	65	85
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	285	140	145
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	25	15	10
South Slavey	0	0	0	190	90	100
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	45
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	10	0	10
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	0	10
Haida	10	0	10	10	0	10
Inuit languages	10	0	0	135	50	80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	35	10	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	60	20	35
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	40	25	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	10	0	10	35	25	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	10	10
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	505	240	260	145	75	70
Salish languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	10	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	15	10	10
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Siouan languages	510	255	250	4,050	2,005	2,045
Dakota	415	205	210	530	285	245
Stoney	10	10	0	3,650	1,790	1,855
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	35	15	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	15	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	30	15	15
Non-Aboriginal languages	149,475	73,470	76,000	1,046,245	510,495	535,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,595	4,585	4,015	96,210	50,675	45,535
Berber languages	40	35	0	540	335	205
Kabyle	10	10	0	225	125	90
Berber languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	315	210	110
Cushitic languages	1,305	620	690	15,445	8,055	7,385
Bilen	85	40	45	370	235	135
Oromo	160	70	90	3,125	1,625	1,500
Somali	1,090	520	570	12,030	6,240	5,795
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	40
Semitic languages	7,500	4,075	3,425	82,200	43,405	38,800
Amharic	545	255	290	10,870	5,595	5,275
Arabic	5,605	3,165	2,435	62,730	33,365	29,370
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	505	240	265	430	225	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	195	95	100	150	70	75
Harari	0	0	0	340	150	185
Hebrew	470	245	230	3,250	1,650	1,600
Maltese	0	0	0	145	85	55
Tigrigna	705	350	355	7,315	3,915	3,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	245	120	125	450	250	205
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	375	225	145
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,315	1,685	1,635	32,730	15,440	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	210	105	105	2,700	1,375	1,330
Vietnamese	3,105	1,580	1,525	30,150	14,130	16,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austronesian languages	29,705	14,065	15,640	145,745	63,615	82,130
Bikol	90	30	55	330	150	180
Cebuano	2,115	945	1,170	6,690	2,940	3,750
Fijian	20	10	10	340	195	145
Hiligaynon	285	130	150	1,760	745	1,020
Ilocano	785	365	415	7,370	3,160	4,215
Malagasy	10	0	0	80	40	40
Malay	215	95	115	3,040	1,435	1,610
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	265	130	135	1,185	565	625
Pangasinan	45	25	20	445	190	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	28,655	13,575	15,080	138,440	60,115	78,325
Waray-Waray	35	25	10	420	170	245
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	300	145	155	1,160	505	650
Creole languages	495	230	270	4,585	2,390	2,195
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	255	140	115
Creole, n.o.s.	240	95	145	2,675	1,425	1,250
Creole languages, n.i.e.	250	125	120	1,680	840	850
Dravidian languages	2,190	1,205	980	18,190	9,660	8,525
Kannada	115	65	55	1,035	520	515
Malayalam	1,170	625	540	8,150	4,255	3,900
Tamil	635	345	290	7,195	3,900	3,295
Telugu	435	270	165	2,910	1,560	1,345
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	150	80	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	115	55	55
Indo-European languages	81,985	40,685	41,300	550,490	274,510	275,980
Albanian	560	275	285	2,880	1,550	1,325
Armenian	115	65	45	530	255	275
Balto-Slavic languages	20,395	9,470	10,925	93,150	44,750	48,395
Baltic languages	225	120	110	1,360	660	705
Latvian	135	60	70	590	300	290
Lithuanian	95	60	35	775	360	415
Slavic languages	20,265	9,400	10,860	92,300	44,340	47,960
Belarusan	20	0	15	200	95	105
Bosnian	325	155	165	2,880	1,450	1,435
Bulgarian	75	40	35	1,795	945	850
Croatian	605	355	250	6,280	3,260	3,025
Czech	300	155	150	3,590	1,650	1,940
Macedonian	65	35	35	535	270	265
Polish	2,185	1,040	1,145	23,650	11,455	12,195
Russian	5,275	2,585	2,690	27,375	13,195	14,175
Serbian	790	410	385	5,355	2,630	2,730
Serbo-Croatian	80	30	50	1,095	550	540
Slovak	125	85	40	2,780	1,495	1,285
Slovene (Slovenian)	105	50	50	735	360	375
Ukrainian	13,090	5,770	7,325	26,600	11,980	14,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	205	140	250	120	130
Celtic languages	165	105	65	1,180	615	560
Scottish Gaelic	55	35	25	440	215	225
Welsh	50	30	20	315	180	130
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	70	45	20	450	220	225
Germanic languages	21,275	10,435	10,840	112,670	56,325	56,345
Afrikaans	1,455	750	705	5,165	2,655	2,515
Danish	320	195	125	2,800	1,360	1,440
Dutch	1,510	720	790	19,480	9,595	9,890
Frisian	25	15	15	475	275	205
German	17,390	8,525	8,870	83,010	41,905	41,105
Icelandic	70	40	30	160	70	95
Norwegian	415	180	235	1,450	635	810
Swedish	230	95	130	1,635	800	835
Vlaams (Flemish)	80	25	50	380	170	215
Yiddish	75	35	30	250	130	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	265	135	125	2,115	1,095	1,015
Greek	1,470	725	745	4,935	2,535	2,400
Indo-Iranian languages	27,395	14,650	12,740	206,725	106,045	100,675
Indo-Aryan languages	25,355	13,530	11,825	186,005	95,045	90,960
Bengali	3,520	1,895	1,620	8,530	4,385	4,140
Gujarati	3,320	1,760	1,555	18,005	8,945	9,055
Hindi	8,040	4,480	3,560	61,290	31,900	29,385
Kashmiri	40	25	20	125	80	45
Konkani	40	30	15	625	300	320
Marathi	185	120	70	2,575	1,385	1,195
Nepali	835	435	400	5,510	3,000	2,510
Oriya (Odia)	25	15	10	255	135	120
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,300	4,635	3,665	90,485	46,350	44,135
Sindhi	180	105	75	4,595	2,065	2,530
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	355	205	150	3,800	1,925	1,875
Urdu	9,455	4,815	4,635	41,235	21,245	20,000
Iranian languages	2,285	1,240	1,040	22,140	11,665	10,475
Kurdish	145	90	60	1,930	1,100	825
Pashto	555	315	240	3,330	1,795	1,530
Persian (Farsi)	1,630	870	760	17,600	9,220	8,375
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	275	135	140	1,760	960	805
Italic (Romance) languages	12,660	6,085	6,570	142,340	69,885	72,450
Catalan	0	10	0	170	95	80
Italian	1,360	670	690	19,900	9,875	10,020
Portuguese	885	380	505	12,670	6,255	6,415
Romanian	1,105	525	575	9,915	5,185	4,735
Spanish	9,605	4,635	4,965	104,445	50,960	53,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	250	130	125
Japanese	1,205	540	665	9,215	4,115	5,100
Kartvelian languages	15	0	15	225	130	100
Georgian	15	0	10	230	130	100
Korean	1,930	850	1,080	19,950	9,405	10,545
Mongolic languages	55	20	30	800	375	430
Mongolian	60	25	30	800	370	430
Niger-Congo languages	4,125	2,245	1,885	29,430	14,980	14,450
Akan (Twi)	355	185	170	2,925	1,505	1,420
Bamanankan	0	0	10	60	30	30
Edo	20	0	20	620	325	290
Ewe	100	45	55	335	170	165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	60	45	15	300	165	135
Ga	45	25	15	345	190	155
Ganda	20	10	10	610	305	305
Igbo	625	325	300	2,550	1,345	1,210
Lingala	140	70	65	1,240	640	605
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	150	130	830	420	410
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	65	55	1,155	605	550
Shona	150	90	55	1,810	850	960
Swahili	950	570	380	6,700	3,470	3,235
Wolof	40	25	15	600	365	235
Yoruba	965	470	495	5,930	3,035	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	815	480	335	6,585	3,265	3,320
Nilo-Saharan languages	300	150	145	3,070	1,495	1,575
Dinka	100	65	40	1,655	825	825
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	195	90	105	1,425	675	750
Sign languages	1,565	585	985	5,910	2,350	3,555
American Sign Language	650	215	435	3,085	1,130	1,955
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	915	365	545	2,855	1,230	1,625
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,580	7,115	7,470	141,860	67,945	73,915
Chinese languages	13,630	6,625	7,005	139,385	66,700	72,685
Cantonese	4,675	2,245	2,435	74,770	35,490	39,280
Hakka	30	10	20	1,180	515	660
Mandarin	8,995	4,335	4,660	70,510	33,310	37,195
Min Dong	0	0	0	85	50	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	260	125	135	4,140	1,765	2,380
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	30	855	380	470
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,245	620	630	6,335	3,160	3,175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	55	25	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	960	495	460	2,590	1,290	1,300
Burmese	315	185	130	605	305	295
Karenic languages	635	310	325	805	415	390
Tibetan	30	15	10	860	430	430
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	70	25	40	445	215	235
Tai-Kadai languages	635	245	385	3,705	1,510	2,195
Lao	410	170	240	1,520	730	795
Thai	275	105	170	2,400	850	1,545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	25
Turkic languages	640	365	285	5,795	3,180	2,625
Azerbaijani	25	20	10	630	325	300
Turkish	530	310	220	4,255	2,420	1,835
Uyghur	0	0	0	290	135	155
Uzbek	60	25	35	425	200	225
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	355	170	180
Uralic languages	1,765	850	915	8,895	4,315	4,575
Estonian	20	15	10	185	85	105
Finnish	360	170	190	1,045	455	590
Hungarian	1,385	670	715	7,660	3,770	3,890
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	340	210	135	1,820	1,025	790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	998,035	496,635	501,395	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	237,720	121,535	116,185	854,815	439,065	415,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	760,310	375,105	385,210	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	72,525	36,750	35,780	355,410	173,365	182,045
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	945,810	470,790	475,025	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	112,490	55,800	56,690	845,220	412,320	432,895
Before 1981	16,650	8,190	8,465	163,460	81,620	81,840
1981 to 1990	5,545	2,670	2,875	86,350	41,690	44,660
1991 to 2000	9,315	4,645	4,665	131,560	62,930	68,630
2001 to 2010	33,045	16,410	16,635	256,055	125,235	130,820
2001 to 2005	8,670	4,165	4,505	109,145	53,425	55,720
2006 to 2010	24,370	12,245	12,130	146,910	71,810	75,100
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	47,935	23,880	24,055	207,790	100,845	106,945
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	12,255	6,800	5,455	70,155	35,735	34,420
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	112,495	55,795	56,695	845,220	412,320	432,895
Under 5 years	12,060	6,100	5,965	82,175	42,200	39,975
5 to 14 years	21,295	11,015	10,280	149,815	77,820	71,995
15 to 24 years	19,295	8,990	10,305	168,965	78,215	90,755
25 to 44 years	50,945	25,060	25,890	372,805	180,265	192,535
45 years and over	8,895	4,635	4,260	71,450	33,820	37,630
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	112,490	55,800	56,690	845,215	412,325	432,895
Americas	10,765	5,010	5,760	103,540	49,345	54,190
Brazil	185	65	120	2,545	1,100	1,440
Colombia	555	275	280	9,535	4,570	4,960
El Salvador	630	290	340	7,255	3,725	3,530
Guyana	155	75	85	2,555	1,200	1,355
Haiti	65	45	20	1,270	675	600
Jamaica	815	425	395	6,845	3,170	3,680
Mexico	1,330	665	665	15,665	7,860	7,805
Peru	165	60	100	1,920	780	1,140
Trinidad and Tobago	210	105	110	3,415	1,670	1,750
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,845	2,045	2,800	30,460	13,675	16,785
Other places of birth in Americas	1,805	955	845	22,075	10,925	11,150
Europe	23,640	11,900	11,740	189,770	95,355	94,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	455	215	245	4,555	2,325	2,230
Croatia	445	280	165	3,080	1,615	1,465
France	215	90	125	2,535	1,215	1,320
Germany	2,575	1,280	1,295	19,205	9,485	9,715
Greece	605	325	280	2,005	1,115	890
Hungary	395	215	180	3,665	1,880	1,785
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	845	490	355	3,935	2,100	1,835
Italy	570	305	265	8,110	4,370	3,745
Netherlands	1,220	585	635	14,035	7,420	6,610
Poland	1,395	690	705	16,925	8,045	8,880
Portugal	220	105	120	4,050	1,985	2,070
Romania	695	335	360	7,725	3,930	3,795
Russian Federation	805	345	460	7,260	3,135	4,125
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	585	305	280	2,255	1,080	1,170
Ukraine	3,280	1,630	1,650	8,150	3,700	4,455
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	7,020	3,520	3,505	59,215	30,280	28,935
Other places of birth in Europe	2,320	1,195	1,125	23,060	11,670	11,390
Africa	10,285	5,360	4,925	89,740	46,705	43,030
Algeria	50	35	15	1,340	715	625
Egypt	435	230	205	5,320	2,940	2,375
Ethiopia	635	285	355	10,570	5,355	5,215
Kenya	425	225	200	5,120	2,555	2,565
Morocco	180	95	80	1,695	1,005	695
Nigeria	1,695	845	855	12,405	6,520	5,880
Somalia	635	335	300	7,060	3,665	3,395
South Africa, Republic of	1,775	920	855	7,355	3,670	3,685
Other places of birth in Africa	4,455	2,390	2,065	38,865	20,275	18,590
Asia	67,120	33,175	33,945	452,225	215,955	236,265
Afghanistan	515	230	285	5,190	2,765	2,430
Bangladesh	2,575	1,365	1,210	5,085	2,590	2,500
China^{Census data footnote 59}	7,485	3,445	4,035	57,690	26,510	31,185
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	765	370	400	19,110	9,265	9,850
India	9,630	5,190	4,435	91,660	46,625	45,035
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	785	465	325	8,910	4,655	4,250
Iraq	1,175	625	550	5,935	3,205	2,730
Japan	265	65	200	3,065	905	2,160
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	1,120	475	645	13,850	6,530	7,320
Lebanon	255	160	90	10,395	5,640	4,750
Pakistan	6,860	3,575	3,280	28,075	14,630	13,445
Philippines	26,860	12,655	14,210	123,830	54,075	69,755
Sri Lanka	440	235	205	4,835	2,475	2,365
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,155	610	550	4,800	2,515	2,280
Taiwan	180	80	100	3,455	1,460	2,000
Viet Nam	2,615	1,340	1,280	27,080	12,645	14,435
Other places of birth in Asia	4,425	2,290	2,140	39,250	19,485	19,765
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	675	350	325	9,940	4,950	4,990
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	47,935	23,880	24,055	207,790	100,845	106,945
Americas	2,320	1,090	1,230	20,060	9,660	10,400
Brazil	45	10	35	860	370	490
Colombia	115	55	65	2,295	1,020	1,275
Cuba	35	20	15	465	215	255
Haiti	10	10	0	385	240	150
Jamaica	405	230	180	1,660	765	895
Mexico	435	215	225	4,405	2,250	2,150
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	745	330	420	4,645	2,130	2,515
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	35	10	30	1,570	745	820
Other places of birth in Americas	490	220	270	3,785	1,930	1,855
Europe	4,855	2,405	2,455	20,870	10,830	10,045
France	50	15	45	425	240	180
Germany	190	105	80	1,370	710	655
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	525	315	205	1,355	835	520
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	100	50	50	715	365	350
Romania	95	35	60	1,100	545	555
Russian Federation	220	85	135	1,235	430	805
Ukraine	1,320	550	770	2,340	1,060	1,280
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	855	495	355	6,225	3,570	2,650
Other places of birth in Europe	1,505	755	750	6,100	3,065	3,040
Africa	4,405	2,315	2,085	27,770	14,165	13,610
Algeria	0	0	0	255	115	135
Cameroon	70	35	30	1,055	515	545
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	245	145	100	805	365	440
Côte d'Ivoire	15	15	0	420	210	210
Egypt	160	75	85	1,940	1,045	895
Eritrea	305	145	160	2,390	1,335	1,055
Ethiopia	190	110	85	3,445	1,670	1,780
Morocco	90	40	45	515	265	250
Nigeria	1,035	525	520	6,110	3,200	2,910
Somalia	300	170	125	2,120	1,110	1,010
South Africa, Republic of	550	285	265	1,590	800	785
Tunisia	85	45	40	255	135	125
Other places of birth in Africa	1,360	725	635	6,870	3,400	3,470
Asia	36,205	17,980	18,225	137,110	65,055	72,050
Afghanistan	125	45	85	810	435	375
Bangladesh	1,495	780	720	1,355	635	715
China^{Census data footnote 59}	3,345	1,595	1,750	10,525	4,700	5,825
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	75	35	40	750	305	450
India	6,150	3,315	2,840	28,820	14,915	13,900
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	330	180	150	3,265	1,665	1,600
Iraq	405	200	205	2,010	1,045	960
Israel	95	55	35	480	250	230
Japan	40	10	35	665	195	475
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	475	195	280	3,840	1,710	2,125
Lebanon	80	50	30	1,470	755	710
Nepal	235	145	90	2,615	1,380	1,240
Pakistan	3,460	1,780	1,680	6,910	3,420	3,490
Philippines	16,615	7,905	8,715	59,390	26,960	32,435
Saudi Arabia	125	90	30	820	435	385
Sri Lanka	145	85	60	1,345	650	695
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	1,105	585	520	3,340	1,705	1,630
Taiwan	60	30	30	505	165	340
Turkey	80	45	35	390	215	180
United Arab Emirates	85	55	30	810	430	375
Viet Nam	855	415	445	2,040	795	1,240
Other places of birth in Asia	815	395	420	4,965	2,285	2,680
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	150	90	60	1,980	1,135	845
Australia	85	55	30	1,065	600	465
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	65	30	30	915	535	375
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	1,070,560	533,385	537,175	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	127,720	64,125	63,595	938,500	460,015	478,480
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	129,250	62,550	66,705	742,455	374,065	368,390
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	813,580	406,710	406,870	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	96,750	48,140	48,610	694,945	337,380	357,565
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	66,930	34,420	32,510	387,275	195,845	191,430
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	26,475	17,690	8,790	154,700	96,855	57,850
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	40,455	16,735	23,725	232,570	98,990	133,575
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	16,835	6,740	10,095	198,575	81,650	116,920
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	12,625	6,810	5,820	103,785	57,130	46,650
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	350	170	185	5,320	2,745	2,570
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	175,020	84,730	90,290	258,640	125,445	133,195
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	172,810	83,750	89,055	253,460	123,115	130,340
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	114,570	55,275	59,290	136,585	65,755	70,835
Métis	57,880	28,325	29,550	114,370	56,170	58,200
Inuk (Inuit)	360	145	215	2,500	1,195	1,305
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	1,305	605	705	2,905	1,350	1,555
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	905	375	530	2,280	975	1,300
Non-Aboriginal identity	895,535	448,655	446,885	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	1,070,555	533,385	537,170	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	110,370	52,930	57,440	123,235	59,065	64,170
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	960,190	480,455	479,735	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	1,070,555	533,385	537,175	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	98,315	47,665	50,650	103,600	50,680	52,915
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	94,565	45,900	48,665	99,940	48,860	51,070
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	84,015	40,960	43,055	81,685	39,815	41,870
Métis single ancestry	10,465	4,905	5,560	17,515	8,690	8,820
Inuit single ancestry	85	40	50	735	355	380
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,750	1,765	1,985	3,665	1,820	1,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,640	1,705	1,935	3,490	1,725	1,765
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	70	30	40	105	55	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	15	10	50	35	15
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	15	15	0	20	0	15
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	79,035	38,120	40,915	200,215	97,055	103,160
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	72,560	35,130	37,430	189,830	92,295	97,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	36,680	17,715	18,960	104,875	50,595	54,280
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	35,545	17,265	18,285	82,585	40,530	42,060
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	335	150	180	2,365	1,170	1,195
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	6,480	2,990	3,485	10,385	4,760	5,625
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	6,355	2,930	3,420	9,760	4,465	5,295
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	80	40	45	310	155	155
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	15	0	10	270	110	160
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	15	15	40	25	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	893,205	447,595	445,610	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	115,875	58,810	57,065	933,165	461,460	471,705
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	29,960	16,065	13,895	230,930	118,535	112,390
Chinese	15,545	7,545	7,995	158,200	77,035	81,165
Black	14,925	7,845	7,085	129,390	66,960	62,440
Filipino	32,340	15,540	16,795	166,195	74,770	91,425
Latin American	4,195	2,095	2,095	55,090	27,560	27,525
Arab	4,300	2,385	1,915	56,700	30,245	26,450
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	5,745	2,940	2,800	43,985	21,025	22,960
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	2,065	1,100	965	20,980	11,010	9,965
Korean	1,875	795	1,085	21,275	10,130	11,145
Japanese	955	420	530	12,165	5,495	6,670
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	1,150	605	545	9,900	4,700	5,205
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	2,820	1,460	1,355	28,360	13,985	14,375
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	954,685	474,575	480,110	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	1,070,560	533,385	537,170	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645
North American Aboriginal origins	177,355	85,790	91,565	303,815	147,735	156,075
First Nations (North American Indian)	130,880	63,405	67,475	200,290	96,845	103,445
Inuit	650	305	345	3,900	1,915	1,985
Métis	56,090	26,860	29,235	113,735	55,590	58,150
Other North American origins	230,620	115,250	115,370	955,040	486,735	468,305
Acadian	485	270	215	5,545	2,970	2,570
American	13,455	6,410	7,045	72,355	35,480	36,875
Canadian	220,960	110,550	110,410	902,315	460,335	441,975
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	50	35	15
Newfoundlander	130	65	60	1,985	1,135	850
Nova Scotian	25	10	20	190	115	70
Ontarian	20	20	10	110	65	45
Québécois	240	100	140	1,380	750	630
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	85	35	55	415	210	205
European origins	759,080	375,755	383,325	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440
British Isles origins	427,735	210,345	217,390	1,581,265	787,205	794,060
Channel Islander	10	0	0	225	115	115
Cornish	35	15	20	210	90	115
English	253,205	123,490	129,715	899,440	444,010	455,440
Irish	155,725	74,480	81,245	596,750	288,710	308,040
Manx	250	120	130	945	450	495
Scottish	193,330	94,500	98,825	704,205	347,740	356,460
Welsh	17,790	8,510	9,280	80,455	38,715	41,740
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	16,095	7,900	8,190	90,865	44,055	46,815
French origins	125,810	60,920	64,890	411,560	201,160	210,395
Alsatian	10	10	10	200	120	80
Breton	25	10	15	60	25	35
Corsican	15	0	15	125	65	70
French	125,775	60,910	64,870	411,315	201,030	210,290
Western European origins (except French origins)	336,715	166,380	170,340	915,185	455,115	460,065
Austrian	17,565	8,670	8,895	39,530	19,225	20,305
Bavarian	50	45	0	110	60	55
Belgian	9,660	4,745	4,915	21,210	10,320	10,890
Dutch	36,230	17,500	18,730	195,720	97,735	97,990
Flemish	805	415	395	2,005	870	1,140
Frisian	70	35	35	685	380	305
German	296,385	146,600	149,780	712,955	353,755	359,195
Luxembourger	500	275	225	680	355	320
Swiss	4,710	2,370	2,340	24,310	11,905	12,410
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	35	25	15	830	390	440
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	115,995	56,380	59,615	329,990	159,695	170,295
Danish	11,530	5,605	5,935	60,380	29,240	31,135
Finnish	5,400	2,585	2,815	17,755	8,780	8,975
Icelandic	8,255	4,055	4,205	20,225	10,050	10,175
Norwegian	68,640	33,310	35,335	156,595	75,160	81,430
Swedish	32,815	15,630	17,185	97,840	46,445	51,385
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	3,530	1,735	1,790	13,515	7,005	6,505
Eastern European origins	243,055	119,620	123,435	685,270	336,430	348,845
Bulgarian	355	190	160	2,935	1,510	1,425
Byelorussian	290	150	140	2,200	1,165	1,035
Czech	4,960	2,545	2,415	20,865	10,405	10,460
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	2,765	1,270	1,495	10,055	4,800	5,255
Estonian	265	150	115	2,715	1,240	1,470
Hungarian	27,885	13,730	14,155	56,270	27,385	28,885
Latvian	535	265	265	3,245	1,585	1,660
Lithuanian	1,045	550	500	6,090	2,915	3,175
Moldovan	345	145	200	1,585	790	790
Polish	59,950	28,680	31,275	186,510	91,115	95,395
Romanian	12,730	6,215	6,515	34,230	16,520	17,710
Russian	39,395	19,620	19,775	107,800	51,840	55,960
Slovak	1,390	750	645	11,010	5,495	5,515
Ukrainian	143,700	70,670	73,025	369,090	181,600	187,490
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	255	115	135	1,910	1,015	895
Southern European origins	27,415	13,420	13,995	215,725	107,495	108,230
Albanian	605	310	290	2,935	1,555	1,385
Bosnian	515	260	260	3,870	1,985	1,890
Catalan	15	10	10	85	55	25
Croatian	2,570	1,295	1,275	14,220	7,535	6,690
Cypriot	45	35	10	160	90	70
Greek	2,880	1,475	1,400	15,025	7,790	7,235
Italian	11,310	5,585	5,725	101,265	50,975	50,285
Kosovar	30	25	10	420	210	210
Macedonian	110	45	65	1,015	485	535
Maltese	125	65	60	1,560	845	715
Montenegrin	85	40	40	290	185	105
Portuguese	1,885	850	1,035	22,385	11,395	10,985
Serbian	1,300	670	630	7,755	3,875	3,875
Sicilian	100	75	25	330	160	170
Slovenian	640	275	365	3,885	2,010	1,875
Spanish	5,670	2,615	3,050	48,055	22,225	25,835
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	1,065	535	525	5,120	2,495	2,625
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	35	0	30	245	120	125
Other European origins	3,885	2,075	1,805	22,805	11,700	11,105
Basque	50	40	10	425	210	215
Jewish	1,725	905	815	9,780	4,890	4,885
Roma (Gypsy)	165	85	80	465	220	245
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	200	95	105	995	505	490
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	1,755	965	790	11,255	5,940	5,310
Caribbean origins	3,810	2,005	1,805	36,120	18,050	18,070
Antiguan	0	0	0	455	265	190
Bahamian	15	10	0	310	180	130
Barbadian	110	45	60	2,065	980	1,080
Bermudan	20	20	0	210	120	90
Carib	10	0	10	135	45	85
Cuban	185	125	55	2,175	1,110	1,060
Dominican	115	75	45	930	530	395
Grenadian	60	25	30	595	300	295
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	110	75	40	2,235	1,210	1,025
Jamaican	2,250	1,200	1,050	17,325	8,540	8,785
Kittitian/Nevisian	0	0	0	95	65	30
Martinican	0	0	0	10	0	0
Montserratan	0	0	0	30	10	25
Puerto Rican	55	15	40	460	225	240
St. Lucian	45	15	25	595	295	300
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	415	215	200	5,180	2,685	2,490
Vincentian/Grenadinian	30	20	0	535	215	325
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	355	135	225	2,670	1,275	1,395
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	190	90	100	2,305	1,110	1,200
Latin, Central and South American origins	6,695	3,295	3,400	78,405	39,030	39,375
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	300	150	150	1,980	965	1,015
Arawak	0	0	0	105	30	70
Argentinian	160	60	95	1,385	705	680
Belizean	55	35	15	445	250	190
Bolivian	45	30	15	590	305	285
Brazilian	305	150	155	3,030	1,330	1,700
Chilean	860	450	415	8,105	4,115	3,990
Colombian	705	335	370	12,585	6,060	6,525
Costa Rican	50	15	35	575	270	305
Ecuadorian	105	70	30	890	405	485
Guatemalan	270	135	140	2,395	1,270	1,120
Guyanese	185	110	75	3,095	1,545	1,555
Hispanic	125	75	50	1,785	905	885
Honduran	95	45	50	760	405	355
Maya	140	75	65	580	310	275
Mexican	2,125	1,060	1,065	22,475	11,430	11,045
Nicaraguan	140	50	90	1,675	825	855
Panamanian	15	0	10	320	150	170
Paraguayan	40	30	10	340	155	190
Peruvian	295	120	175	2,740	1,245	1,495
Salvadorean	765	350	415	8,810	4,545	4,270
Uruguayan	65	20	40	315	180	135
Venezuelan	55	30	30	4,690	2,295	2,390
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	320	165	160	3,430	1,735	1,695
African origins	16,170	8,480	7,690	136,510	70,620	65,885
Central and West African origins	4,440	2,355	2,090	33,170	17,430	15,735
Akan	115	80	40	130	80	50
Angolan	10	0	10	295	155	140
Ashanti	10	10	0	130	70	55
Beninese	0	0	0	200	90	105
Burkinabe	20	15	10	100	50	50
Cameroonian	205	90	110	2,040	1,010	1,035
Chadian	0	0	0	75	55	20
Congolese	530	290	240	4,095	2,100	1,990
Edo	40	20	15	555	320	235
Ewe	10	0	0	125	70	55
Gabonese	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gambian	40	20	15	110	60	50
Ghanaian	555	320	235	4,470	2,365	2,100
Guinean	25	20	10	455	235	215
Ibo	485	275	215	1,760	935	825
Ivorian	75	35	45	655	355	295
Liberian	85	25	60	1,040	495	540
Malian	30	15	15	70	45	25
Malinké	0	0	0	95	55	45
Nigerian	1,715	875	835	13,010	6,815	6,200
Peulh	0	0	0	105	70	35
Senegalese	20	15	10	575	370	205
Sierra Leonean	40	25	10	740	395	345
Togolese	55	35	20	150	70	80
Wolof	0	10	0	70	45	25
Yoruba	520	270	255	2,990	1,600	1,385
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	235	115	125	1,865	985	875
North African origins	2,190	1,210	980	23,235	12,305	10,935
Algerian	70	50	15	1,620	805	815
Berber	55	45	15	685	415	270
Coptic	40	15	20	225	115	110
Dinka	35	20	15	565	320	250
Egyptian	535	290	245	8,525	4,515	4,010
Libyan	205	115	85	1,300	665	635
Maure	0	0	0	95	70	25
Moroccan	220	110	115	2,510	1,380	1,130
Sudanese	935	515	420	7,070	3,695	3,375
Tunisian	105	60	50	940	480	455
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	40	30	10	575	315	260
Southern and East African origins	6,320	3,210	3,110	56,560	29,285	27,275
Afrikaner	60	35	30	315	155	160
Amhara	20	10	10	450	240	215
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	45	30	10	700	395	310
Burundian	300	155	145	975	555	420
Djiboutian	10	10	10	170	90	75
Eritrean	1,130	540	590	7,960	4,250	3,715
Ethiopian	675	335	345	13,225	6,710	6,510
Harari	0	0	0	165	85	80
Kenyan	190	95	95	2,175	1,035	1,140
Malagasy	10	0	10	125	55	70
Mauritian	205	90	110	550	310	235
Oromo	140	65	75	1,355	765	595
Rwandan	80	20	60	1,420	745	675
Seychellois	10	10	0	35	25	10
Somali	1,275	635	635	14,100	7,315	6,790
South African	1,295	680	615	6,635	3,310	3,320
Tanzanian	55	35	20	1,030	525	505
Tigrian	45	30	15	700	380	320
Ugandan	90	40	50	1,155	645	510
Zambian	190	90	100	265	155	110
Zimbabwean	260	170	90	2,590	1,300	1,285
Zulu	35	30	10	295	135	160
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	535	300	240	3,875	2,010	1,870
Other African origins	3,605	1,940	1,665	26,150	12,995	13,155
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	345	190	160	2,525	1,220	1,305
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	3,290	1,770	1,525	23,960	11,950	12,010
Asian origins	99,125	49,845	49,280	756,335	370,390	385,945
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	9,415	5,015	4,400	97,355	51,035	46,315
Afghan	780	390	385	8,540	4,545	3,995
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	1,175	645	530	10,470	5,690	4,780
Armenian	240	130	115	1,780	865	910
Assyrian	215	120	95	560	300	255
Azerbaijani	50	25	25	615	280	335
Georgian	35	20	10	400	230	165
Hazara	25	10	20	365	190	170
Iranian	1,345	740	600	13,925	7,220	6,705
Iraqi	1,290	690	605	6,165	3,250	2,915
Israeli	120	75	50	1,565	830	740
Jordanian	75	40	30	1,325	670	655
Kazakh	30	15	15	565	260	310
Kurd	200	110	90	2,040	1,160	880
Kuwaiti	10	0	0	185	110	80
Kyrgyz	30	10	20	200	110	90
Lebanese	1,360	660	700	32,365	16,835	15,525
Palestinian	120	60	55	4,880	2,675	2,210
Pashtun	175	100	75	645	305	345
Saudi Arabian	110	80	30	390	205	180
Syrian	1,365	740	625	7,215	3,605	3,610
Tajik	10	10	0	265	160	105
Tatar	60	25	35	530	215	315
Turk	860	450	405	5,745	3,155	2,595
Turkmen	20	10	10	105	55	50
Uighur	0	0	0	270	125	140
Uzbek	70	15	50	485	225	260
Yemeni	45	20	20	930	440	485
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	265	130	130	2,445	1,305	1,140
South Asian origins	29,830	15,955	13,870	231,550	118,855	112,695
Bangladeshi	2,040	1,090	945	4,155	2,085	2,070
Bengali	600	350	250	1,660	870	790
Bhutanese	210	110	100	815	410	400
East Indian	18,695	10,090	8,600	174,510	89,140	85,370
Goan	45	25	15	495	265	225
Gujarati	195	105	95	855	445	410
Kashmiri	115	75	40	720	355	365
Nepali	565	320	245	4,600	2,490	2,110
Pakistani	6,255	3,220	3,035	29,265	15,075	14,190
Punjabi	1,425	790	635	15,645	8,230	7,420
Sinhalese	65	30	30	750	400	355
Sri Lankan	515	290	225	5,585	2,885	2,695
Tamil	120	65	55	1,050	565	485
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	1,075	545	530	4,845	2,500	2,335
East and Southeast Asian origins	60,010	28,955	31,060	431,135	202,400	228,735
Burmese	465	210	260	1,270	650	615
Cambodian (Khmer)	305	165	145	4,260	2,245	2,015
Chinese	19,075	9,300	9,780	188,280	90,735	97,545
Filipino	33,630	16,200	17,425	175,130	79,150	95,975
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	220	115	105	3,005	1,425	1,575
Japanese	1,220	530	690	16,595	7,510	9,085
Karen	585	290	290	740	390	345
Korean	2,025	870	1,155	22,410	10,655	11,755
Laotian	705	335	380	2,050	1,020	1,030
Malaysian	160	75	80	2,970	1,340	1,630
Mongolian	205	105	100	1,565	725	835
Singaporean	10	0	10	370	180	190
Taiwanese	265	115	155	1,995	855	1,140
Thai	420	170	250	2,735	980	1,750
Tibetan	50	35	25	965	500	465
Vietnamese	3,690	1,885	1,800	36,780	17,720	19,060
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	95	40	55	735	385	345
Other Asian origins	735	340	390	3,115	1,580	1,530
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	735	345	385	3,115	1,585	1,530
Oceania origins	1,430	760	665	15,500	7,825	7,680
Australian	890	505	385	7,785	3,975	3,810
New Zealander	265	140	125	2,905	1,535	1,370
Pacific Islands origins	310	140	170	5,150	2,510	2,635
Fijian	110	60	50	3,325	1,580	1,745
Hawaiian	25	10	10	425	190	235
Maori	45	0	35	640	325	320
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	25	15	10	205	105	95
Samoan	55	25	30	280	180	100
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	60	25	35	375	195	180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	432,620	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Owner	311,470	...	...	1,105,795	...	...
Renter	109,685	...	...	412,150	...	...
Band housing	11,470	...	...	9,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	432,620	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Condominium	41,960	...	...	256,015	...	...
Not condominium	390,660	...	...	1,271,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	432,625	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
No bedrooms	1,290	...	...	5,440	...	...
1 bedroom	40,600	...	...	139,820	...	...
2 bedrooms	97,340	...	...	322,370	...	...
3 bedrooms	148,060	...	...	540,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	145,330	...	...	519,545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	432,620	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	92,375	...	...	358,650	...	...
5 rooms	67,645	...	...	238,870	...	...
6 rooms	64,215	...	...	224,335	...	...
7 rooms	57,945	...	...	201,560	...	...
8 or more rooms	150,440	...	...	504,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	432,625	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	422,915	...	...	1,494,875	...	...
More than 1 person per room	9,705	...	...	32,805	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	432,620	...	...	1,527,675	...	...
Suitable	412,220	...	...	1,458,550	...	...
Not suitable	20,410	...	...	69,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	432,620	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1960 or before	101,805	...	...	177,780	...	...
1961 to 1980	150,440	...	...	439,505	...	...
1981 to 1990	62,270	...	...	193,360	...	...
1991 to 2000	33,495	...	...	216,410	...	...
2001 to 2005	17,905	...	...	157,420	...	...
2006 to 2010	28,610	...	...	180,645	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	38,095	...	...	162,560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	432,625	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	395,105	...	...	1,440,440	...	...
Major repairs needed	37,520	...	...	87,240	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	432,620	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
1 household maintainer	261,245	...	...	873,125	...	...
2 household maintainers	162,550	...	...	605,830	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	8,825	...	...	48,725	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	432,625	...	...	1,527,680	...	...
15 to 24 years	18,235	...	...	53,955	...	...
25 to 34 years	72,225	...	...	281,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	73,675	...	...	307,930	...	...
45 to 54 years	77,920	...	...	310,435	...	...
55 to 64 years	84,110	...	...	288,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	56,280	...	...	169,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	34,845	...	...	86,970	...	...
85 years and over	15,340	...	...	28,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	396,790	...	...	1,479,270	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	316,505	...	...	1,170,780	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	80,295	...	...	308,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70,690	...	...	268,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	289,805	...	...	1,075,465	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	57.9	...	...	65.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	12.1	...	...	15.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,001	...	...	1,481	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,178	...	...	1,531	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	299,606	...	...	400,104	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	318,917	...	...	449,790	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	107,535	...	...	410,225	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	21.4	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	42.1	...	...	36.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	965	...	...	1,243	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,021	...	...	1,279	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	857,295	424,265	433,035	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	177,210	96,680	80,530	540,665	284,020	256,640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	261,210	133,730	127,480	895,885	440,665	455,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	418,880	193,855	225,025	1,769,500	878,130	891,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	89,440	64,100	25,340	309,465	242,160	67,305
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	38,045	21,495	16,550	94,735	56,255	38,480
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	51,395	42,605	8,790	214,730	185,905	28,825
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	146,770	51,240	95,530	615,480	250,590	364,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,195	10,790	17,405	94,620	36,875	57,750
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	154,480	67,730	86,745	749,930	348,510	401,425
Bachelor's degree	112,760	47,490	65,270	530,085	235,610	294,470
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	7,635	3,400	4,235	39,955	18,075	21,880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,830	2,580	2,245	21,850	11,810	10,045
Master's degree	24,375	11,095	13,275	133,265	67,215	66,055
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	4,880	3,155	1,725	24,770	15,805	8,965
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	566,245	282,510	283,735	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	69,200	42,050	27,150	244,755	136,085	108,675
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	168,035	88,530	79,505	569,435	283,290	286,145
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	329,005	151,930	177,075	1,443,635	711,655	731,975
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	66,955	48,885	18,075	238,220	189,180	49,035
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	27,765	16,095	11,670	69,415	42,445	26,970
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	39,190	32,785	6,400	168,805	146,740	22,065
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	115,085	41,085	74,000	496,375	203,350	293,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,380	7,775	11,605	73,315	29,315	44,005
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	127,585	54,190	73,395	635,730	289,810	345,920
Bachelor's degree	92,905	38,180	54,730	448,235	197,045	251,195
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,890	2,525	3,365	32,095	14,155	17,940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,065	1,995	2,070	18,855	9,505	9,350
Master's degree	20,975	9,170	11,805	116,975	57,230	59,740
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	3,750	2,320	1,435	19,570	11,875	7,695
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	857,295	424,265	433,030	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	438,420	230,405	208,005	1,436,545	724,680	711,865
Education	40,995	10,635	30,355	121,930	29,000	92,930
13. Education	40,990	10,635	30,350	121,930	29,000	92,930
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,870	4,150	4,720	49,660	20,960	28,705
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,015	1,455	560	9,130	6,305	2,820
50. Visual and performing arts	6,850	2,690	4,160	40,535	14,650	25,885
Humanities	15,400	6,905	8,495	69,305	27,480	41,830
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,030	260	770	6,790	1,620	5,170
23. English language and literature/letters	3,180	990	2,190	15,110	4,270	10,840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,105	1,185	1,920	20,660	7,275	13,390
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	35	0	30	225	105	125
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,180	695	480	4,890	2,750	2,140
39. Theology and religious vocations	4,700	2,645	2,050	11,435	6,560	4,865
54. History	1,760	1,000	760	8,600	4,560	4,045
55. French language and literature/letters	425	120	300	1,595	345	1,250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,500	10,015	20,485	159,735	51,705	108,030
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	750	185	565	2,345	470	1,875
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,060	905	1,160	17,180	6,320	10,865
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,805	425	6,380	28,750	2,185	26,570
22. Legal professions and studies	5,410	1,930	3,480	29,000	9,355	19,645
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	465	155	310	2,190	605	1,580
42. Psychology	5,555	1,480	4,075	27,275	6,765	20,515
45. Social sciences	9,455	4,940	4,510	52,985	26,000	26,985
Business, management and public administration	85,800	25,105	60,695	361,530	133,045	228,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	240	50	190	670	155	520
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,250	1,710	6,545	21,565	4,015	17,555
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	77,310	23,350	53,960	339,295	128,885	210,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	11,455	5,905	5,550	72,850	38,330	34,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,675	2,515	3,160	25,850	10,955	14,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,395	725	670	15,410	7,270	8,145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	105	25	80	555	170	385
40. Physical sciences	3,240	2,265	970	26,130	17,875	8,255
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,045	375	670	4,900	2,055	2,845
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	11,695	7,040	4,655	60,830	37,710	23,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,390	6,135	3,250	48,975	32,855	16,125
25. Library science	990	85	905	4,295	515	3,780
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,145	700	445	7,050	4,020	3,035
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	170	110	55	515	330	185
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	93,145	86,660	6,485	463,185	415,665	47,520
04. Architecture and related services	1,520	960	560	11,325	7,140	4,190
14. Engineering	14,090	11,790	2,300	110,345	89,275	21,070
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	13,790	12,290	1,505	84,800	72,145	12,655
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	60	10	50
46. Construction trades	24,650	23,840	810	100,370	96,810	3,560
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	26,325	25,535	790	103,880	100,100	3,785
48. Precision production	12,765	12,240	525	52,400	50,195	2,205
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	16,655	12,040	4,615	44,270	27,245	17,025
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	13,585	9,885	3,705	28,440	17,860	10,580
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,075	2,160	910	15,830	9,390	6,445
Health and related fields	74,750	12,215	62,530	270,920	51,220	219,700
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	4,340	2,030	2,315	19,300	9,110	10,195
51. Health professions and related programs	69,090	9,460	59,630	245,265	38,460	206,810
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,315	725	590	6,350	3,650	2,695
Personal, protective and transportation services	29,585	13,165	16,420	95,140	45,720	49,415
12. Personal and culinary services	18,450	3,845	14,605	57,285	14,985	42,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	10	250	230	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	175	160	20	740	655	85
43. Security and protective services	5,070	3,705	1,360	16,985	11,590	5,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	5,880	5,450	430	19,880	18,270	1,610
Other	40	20	20	150	60	95
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	40	20	20	145	60	95
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	566,245	282,510	283,730	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	237,235	130,580	106,660	814,190	419,370	394,820
Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	91,020	19,920	71,105
13. Education	28,195	6,885	21,310	91,025	19,920	71,100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,175	3,350	3,825	40,255	16,670	23,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,550	1,100	450	7,095	4,810	2,285
50. Visual and performing arts	5,630	2,250	3,380	33,155	11,860	21,300
Humanities	11,760	5,110	6,650	55,985	21,840	34,145
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	825	205	620	5,690	1,310	4,380
23. English language and literature/letters	2,470	745	1,735	12,345	3,425	8,920
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,515	910	1,605	17,320	6,020	11,300
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	30	10	25	200	95	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	920	540	380	3,930	2,205	1,725
39. Theology and religious vocations	3,345	1,905	1,435	8,500	4,960	3,545
54. History	1,365	725	640	6,855	3,565	3,285
55. French language and literature/letters	285	75	205	1,140	245	895
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25,830	8,205	17,625	135,545	42,855	92,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	670	165	505	2,025	425	1,600
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,870	800	1,065	14,880	5,360	9,520
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,680	350	5,330	23,730	1,770	21,960
22. Legal professions and studies	4,735	1,550	3,185	25,095	7,395	17,705
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	370	120	250	1,790	530	1,255
42. Psychology	4,335	1,055	3,280	22,460	5,290	17,170
45. Social sciences	8,175	4,160	4,010	45,565	22,095	23,465
Business, management and public administration	69,300	20,470	48,835	301,995	110,825	191,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	35	165	560	135	420
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,795	1,230	5,570	18,035	3,130	14,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	62,310	19,205	43,105	283,400	107,560	175,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	8,985	4,575	4,405	58,120	29,655	28,465
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,490	1,995	2,495	20,925	8,620	12,310
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,085	530	550	12,175	5,740	6,435
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	95	25	70	460	155	305
40. Physical sciences	2,545	1,700	845	20,785	13,645	7,140
41. Science technologies/technicians	770	320	450	3,775	1,500	2,270
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,235	6,210	4,030	53,975	33,590	20,385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,590	5,615	2,970	44,735	29,980	14,750
25. Library science	730	60	670	3,400	440	2,965
27. Mathematics and statistics	760	430	335	5,420	2,915	2,500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	160	105	55	420	255	165
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	72,720	67,225	5,500	376,875	335,210	41,670
04. Architecture and related services	1,215	745	470	9,335	5,630	3,710
14. Engineering	11,685	9,635	2,045	95,005	75,840	19,170
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	11,195	9,865	1,330	69,300	58,610	10,690
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	55	10	50
46. Construction trades	18,905	18,275	630	80,455	77,430	3,020
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	19,855	19,240	620	81,470	78,290	3,180
48. Precision production	9,865	9,460	410	41,255	39,405	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	13,365	9,360	4,005	35,820	21,060	14,760
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	10,720	7,545	3,175	21,990	12,970	9,025
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,645	1,815	835	13,825	8,090	5,740
Health and related fields	57,985	9,720	48,265	217,640	42,225	175,410
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,520	1,635	1,890	15,955	7,530	8,425
51. Health professions and related programs	53,345	7,510	45,835	196,250	31,775	164,475
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,120	580	545	5,435	2,925	2,505
Personal, protective and transportation services	23,415	10,820	12,600	76,300	37,755	38,540
12. Personal and culinary services	14,320	3,175	11,155	44,755	12,085	32,670
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	190	170	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	100	95	0	460	410	50
43. Security and protective services	4,055	2,955	1,105	14,100	9,595	4,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,935	4,590	340	16,795	15,490	1,305
Other	35	15	20	115	55	60
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	35	10	20	110	55	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	857,300	424,265	433,035	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	438,415	230,410	208,005	1,436,545	724,685	711,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	418,880	193,855	225,025	1,769,505	878,130	891,370
Location of study inside Canada	366,620	167,715	198,905	1,424,855	709,950	714,905
Same as province or territory of residence	293,455	130,990	162,465	1,064,560	530,135	534,430
Different than province or territory of residence	73,165	36,725	36,445	360,290	179,815	180,475
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	52,260	26,140	26,120	344,645	168,180	176,465
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	7,230	3,670	3,560	45,690	25,545	20,145
Philippines	13,980	6,230	7,750	68,760	26,480	42,280
India	6,215	3,280	2,930	41,560	21,025	20,535
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	3,250	1,830	1,420	28,630	16,255	12,370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,730	1,295	1,435	18,850	8,805	10,050
France	220	125	95	2,150	1,275	875
Other	18,630	9,705	8,925	139,010	68,800	70,210
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	566,245	282,510	283,735	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	237,235	130,580	106,660	814,190	419,375	394,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	329,010	151,930	177,075	1,443,630	711,655	731,980
Location of study inside Canada	283,450	129,445	154,005	1,150,780	572,180	578,595
Same as province or territory of residence	225,420	100,405	125,010	857,370	426,365	431,010
Different than province or territory of residence	58,035	29,035	28,995	293,410	145,820	147,590
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	45,560	22,490	23,070	292,850	139,470	153,380
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	5,210	2,495	2,715	34,655	18,640	16,015
Philippines	13,335	5,950	7,385	64,000	24,435	39,565
India	5,560	2,935	2,625	37,240	18,505	18,740
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	2,180	1,275	905	20,065	11,390	8,675
China^{Census data footnote 162}	2,520	1,180	1,345	16,600	7,630	8,965
France	200	115	85	1,870	1,105	765
Other	16,555	8,540	8,015	118,425	57,770	60,655
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	857,295	424,260	433,035	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
In the labour force	585,540	311,110	274,430	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655
Employed	544,095	286,330	257,760	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745
Unemployed	41,445	24,775	16,665	206,835	123,925	82,910
Not in the labour force	271,760	113,155	158,605	903,105	364,525	538,580
Participation rate	68.3	73.3	63.4	71.8	77.3	66.4
Employment rate	63.5	67.5	59.5	65.4	69.5	61.2
Unemployment rate	7.1	8.0	6.1	9.0	10.0	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	857,295	424,260	433,030	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	242,835	100,140	142,695	806,150	318,845	487,310
Worked	614,460	324,130	290,335	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	313,945	180,260	133,690	1,193,860	698,530	495,330
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	300,515	143,870	156,650	1,206,035	585,430	620,595
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.1	41.9	42.5	43.1	41.7
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	585,535	311,110	274,425	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,230	5,205	5,020	40,005	18,650	21,360
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,900	269,405	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
Employee	490,180	250,460	239,710	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	85,130	55,440	29,695	278,710	177,010	101,705
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	585,535	311,105	274,430	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,205	5,020	40,010	18,645	21,360
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300
0 Management occupations	81,060	54,030	27,035	261,505	167,260	94,245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	80,640	20,280	60,355	353,965	95,685	258,280
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	28,325	21,685	6,640	175,025	136,240	38,795
3 Health occupations	41,675	6,510	35,170	150,415	28,130	122,290
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	64,685	19,715	44,970	228,325	74,105	154,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10,760	4,025	6,735	50,170	19,960	30,210
6 Sales and service occupations	124,090	50,165	73,920	491,495	204,245	287,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	99,755	93,540	6,215	406,495	376,375	30,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	28,155	22,590	5,565	72,465	59,465	13,000
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,165	13,370	2,800	73,070	58,170	14,895
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	585,540	311,105	274,430	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	10,225	5,200	5,020	40,005	18,650	21,360
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	575,310	305,905	269,410	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	51,255	36,820	14,440	64,035	43,045	20,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	23,070	20,040	3,025	142,490	109,105	33,390
22 Utilities	5,395	3,780	1,610	21,940	15,345	6,595
23 Construction	49,310	43,460	5,850	236,370	201,640	34,730
31-33 Manufacturing	26,710	21,000	5,710	127,535	96,045	31,490
41 Wholesale trade	20,480	15,325	5,155	80,610	56,840	23,775
44-45 Retail trade	63,360	30,185	33,180	249,880	115,065	134,810
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	24,755	19,385	5,370	115,295	83,675	31,620
51 Information and cultural industries	10,005	5,055	4,950	33,045	18,625	14,420
52 Finance and insurance	20,155	6,495	13,655	69,225	25,230	43,995
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,650	4,425	3,220	41,520	23,075	18,450
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25,250	12,985	12,265	167,800	94,565	73,240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,340	680	660	5,560	2,760	2,795
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	16,395	9,660	6,735	87,350	49,595	37,760
61 Educational services	45,360	13,670	31,690	147,270	44,160	103,110
62 Health care and social assistance	72,625	11,285	61,335	245,875	41,235	204,645
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10,545	5,120	5,425	44,880	21,550	23,335
72 Accommodation and food services	37,785	14,295	23,490	153,790	62,220	91,570
81 Other services (except public administration)	25,680	12,590	13,090	105,865	50,455	55,405
91 Public administration	38,180	19,640	18,535	122,595	65,420	57,175
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	544,095	286,330	257,760	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745
Worked at home	59,385	34,110	25,275	162,465	77,935	84,530
Worked outside Canada	840	550	295	6,270	4,715	1,555
No fixed workplace address	68,510	54,860	13,650	307,065	236,995	70,070
Worked at usual place	415,355	196,815	218,545	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	415,355	196,815	218,540	1,620,310	794,720	825,595
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	288,875	131,440	157,430	1,186,170	554,850	631,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	89,420	45,175	44,250	358,010	190,730	167,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	28,040	15,365	12,675	64,360	41,925	22,435
Commute to a different province or territory	9,015	4,830	4,185	11,770	7,210	4,560
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	483,865	251,675	232,190	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Car, truck, van - as a driver	402,405	216,695	185,705	1,497,440	832,890	664,545
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	27,960	10,265	17,695	99,635	40,215	59,420
Public transit	13,825	5,380	8,445	194,560	88,325	106,235
Walked	27,120	11,505	15,615	85,805	38,030	47,775
Bicycle	5,475	3,415	2,065	21,925	14,685	7,240
Other method	7,075	4,410	2,665	28,015	17,560	10,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	483,865	251,675	232,190	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Less than 15 minutes	212,525	101,290	111,235	519,085	237,105	281,980
15 to 29 minutes	179,160	95,105	84,055	706,940	377,165	329,780
30 to 44 minutes	53,345	30,035	23,310	422,070	243,905	178,165
45 to 59 minutes	17,630	10,285	7,345	148,620	86,485	62,135
60 minutes and over	21,205	14,960	6,245	130,665	87,060	43,605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	483,865	251,675	232,190	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	29,630	21,835	7,800	145,660	107,460	38,200
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	88,420	56,715	31,705	395,425	254,225	141,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	158,875	83,520	75,355	567,530	297,825	269,705
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	101,065	40,385	60,680	347,270	147,425	199,845
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	41,740	16,680	25,065	188,660	77,175	111,490
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	64,140	32,540	31,600	282,820	147,600	135,225
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	633,325	332,450	300,875	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090
Single responses	630,465	331,130	299,335	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360
Official languages	626,545	329,115	297,435	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610
English	624,555	328,520	296,030	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120
French	1,995	590	1,405	6,560	2,070	4,490
Non-official languages	3,920	2,020	1,895	21,055	11,305	9,750
Aboriginal languages	1,540	775	770	1,000	550	450
Algonquian languages	915	485	435	670	355	315
Blackfoot	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree-Montagnais languages	905	470	430	565	295	270
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	95	55	40	10	10	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	40	25	20	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	770	395	375	535	280	255
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	20	15	10
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	10	0	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	290	340	75	45	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	625	285	340	75	40	35
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	625	285	335	60	35	25
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	10	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	10
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	10	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	0	255	155	105
Dakota	0	10	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	240	140	95
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	2,375	1,245	1,130	20,050	10,755	9,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	100	20	940	575	360
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	100	45	55
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	10
Oromo	0	0	0	25	15	15
Somali	10	0	10	60	25	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	95	10	840	530	305
Amharic	0	0	0	85	50	35
Arabic	75	65	0	610	415	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	20	0	10	10	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	50	15	35
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	40	15	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	50	25	25
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	135	115	1,305	515	790
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Vietnamese	245	135	115	1,290	505	780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	105	95	850	420	430
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	10	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	10	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	30	10	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	0	10	10	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	100	85	785	405	380
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	55	25	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0	35	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	560	250	305	8,280	4,855	3,425
Albanian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	35	60	690	335	355
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	95	35	60	695	335	360
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	15	15	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	15	10	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Polish	0	0	0	220	135	85
Russian	25	10	10	275	120	160
Serbian	0	0	0	25	0	20
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	25	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	65	20	50	100	40	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	165	95	65	2,535	1,700	840
Afrikaans	30	10	20	30	10	20
Danish	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dutch	40	25	20	145	80	65
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	80	50	30	2,160	1,455	700
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	15	0	165	135	30
Greek	0	0	10	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	180	75	100	3,215	1,870	1,350
Indo-Aryan languages	160	70	90	3,010	1,735	1,275
Bengali	25	15	10	25	10	15
Gujarati	0	0	10	75	15	60
Hindi	20	10	10	210	110	100
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10	40	20	15
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	20	2,480	1,510	970
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	10	10	0
Urdu	50	25	30	155	50	100
Iranian languages	20	10	15	200	130	70
Kurdish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Pashto	0	0	0	15	15	0
Persian (Farsi)	25	0	15	175	105	70
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	45	70	1,780	920	860
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	30	10	15
Portuguese	0	0	0	140	70	70
Romanian	10	0	0	50	30	20
Spanish	105	40	60	1,560	800	760
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10	195	75	125
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	110	40	70	785	350	435
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	35	10	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	30	10	25
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	35	30	230	120	115
American Sign Language	10	0	10	125	40	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	50	30	20	105	80	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,030	560	465	7,080	3,665	3,420
Chinese languages	990	540	450	7,035	3,635	3,400
Cantonese	250	140	105	4,545	2,340	2,205
Hakka	10	0	10	15	0	10
Mandarin	605	310	300	2,170	1,125	1,045
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	30	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	135	90	40	275	155	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	25	20	45	30	20
Burmese	15	10	0	10	10	10
Karenic languages	25	20	10	25	15	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0	125	60	65
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10	130	60	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	80	35	45
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	15	0	0	65	30	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Uralic languages	10	0	10	70	45	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hungarian	10	0	10	65	40	25
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	2,860	1,315	1,540	20,810	10,080	10,735
English and French	650	235	410	4,525	2,050	2,475
English and non-official language	2,190	1,065	1,125	15,935	7,860	8,075
French and non-official language	0	0	0	55	25	30
English, French and non-official language	20	15	0	295	140	155
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	633,320	332,445	300,875	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095
None	613,955	323,280	290,670	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620
English	3,515	1,450	2,070	13,805	6,540	7,270
French	3,800	1,675	2,125	23,920	11,380	12,545
Non-official language	11,880	5,960	5,925	57,640	30,700	26,935
Aboriginal	4,590	2,095	2,490	5,045	2,370	2,680
Non-Aboriginal	7,290	3,860	3,435	52,590	28,335	24,260
English and French	0	0	0	30	15	15
English and non-official language	10	0	10	215	105	110
French and non-official language	170	90	85	1,220	625	595
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	10	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	1,055,820	525,975	529,850	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920
Non-movers	905,630	451,665	453,965	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280
Movers	150,195	74,310	75,880	607,095	304,450	302,640
Non-migrants	89,005	43,990	45,015	394,230	199,640	194,590
Migrants	61,185	30,320	30,865	212,865	104,815	108,050
Internal migrants	49,930	24,855	25,075	166,390	82,335	84,055
Intraprovincial migrants	35,965	17,690	18,275	120,105	59,845	60,260
Interprovincial migrants	13,970	7,165	6,805	46,280	22,490	23,795
External migrants	11,255	5,465	5,790	46,475	22,480	23,995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	998,200	496,505	501,695	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190
Non-movers	602,890	300,715	302,175	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070
Movers	395,310	195,790	199,520	1,662,055	834,935	827,120
Non-migrants	201,450	99,955	101,495	899,165	454,700	444,465
Migrants	193,860	95,835	98,025	762,890	380,235	382,655
Internal migrants	147,360	72,815	74,540	559,860	280,255	279,610
Intraprovincial migrants	98,780	47,825	50,950	333,775	165,900	167,875
Interprovincial migrants	48,585	24,995	23,590	226,090	114,355	111,730
External migrants	46,500	23,015	23,485	203,025	99,980	103,045

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Saskatchewan [Province] and Alberta [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 16, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Alberta [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Saskatchewan [Province] and Alberta [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Saskatchewan [Province] and Alberta [Province]