Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and Newfoundland and Labrador [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	Alberta [Province]			Newfoundland and Labrador [Province]
	Data quality , Alberta [Province] Map : Alberta [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : Newfoundland and Labrador [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	4,067,175	...	...	519,716	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	3,645,257	...	...	514,536	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	11.6	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	1,654,129	...	...	265,739	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,527,678	...	...	218,673	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.4	...	...	1.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	640,330.46	...	...	370,514.08	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	4,067,175	2,039,410	2,027,765	519,715	253,930	265,790
0 to 14 years	779,155	399,570	379,580	74,440	38,200	36,240
0 to 4 years	266,515	136,520	129,995	22,365	11,430	10,930
5 to 9 years	270,715	138,990	131,725	26,040	13,430	12,605
10 to 14 years	241,920	124,060	117,860	26,035	13,340	12,700
15 to 64 years	2,787,805	1,408,150	1,379,655	344,245	168,555	175,695
15 to 19 years	240,035	123,625	116,410	27,255	13,980	13,275
20 to 24 years	261,830	133,990	127,840	27,700	13,915	13,785
25 to 29 years	310,940	156,715	154,225	28,245	14,095	14,150
30 to 34 years	333,175	167,555	165,620	29,405	14,185	15,215
35 to 39 years	305,505	153,655	151,850	30,740	14,555	16,185
40 to 44 years	281,205	142,545	138,660	34,505	16,745	17,765
45 to 49 years	269,030	135,855	133,180	38,665	18,740	19,920
50 to 54 years	284,310	142,205	142,100	42,620	20,730	21,890
55 to 59 years	275,540	138,565	136,970	43,080	21,035	22,045
60 to 64 years	226,230	113,440	112,790	42,025	20,570	21,460
65 years and over	500,215	231,690	268,530	101,025	47,170	53,855
65 to 69 years	173,680	85,500	88,180	37,485	18,310	19,180
70 to 74 years	117,035	56,430	60,610	26,170	12,720	13,445
75 to 79 years	83,955	39,105	44,845	16,950	8,015	8,935
80 to 84 years	62,165	27,590	34,575	11,060	4,885	6,175
85 years and over	63,385	23,065	40,320	9,360	3,245	6,125
85 to 89 years	39,965	16,050	23,915	6,175	2,300	3,875
90 to 94 years	18,025	5,755	12,275	2,485	790	1,695
95 to 99 years	4,735	1,145	3,595	610	140	475
100 years and over	650	115	535	90	20	75
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	19.6	18.7	14.3	15.0	13.6
15 to 64 years	68.5	69.0	68.0	66.2	66.4	66.1
65 years and over	12.3	11.4	13.2	19.4	18.6	20.3
85 years and over	1.6	1.1	2.0	1.8	1.3	2.3
Average age of the population	37.8	37.2	38.4	43.7	42.9	44.4
Median age of the population	36.7	36.2	37.2	46.0	45.4	46.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,527,675	...	...	218,675	...	...
Single-detached house	946,225	...	...	160,245	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	62,395	...	...	750	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	471,090	...	...	56,245	...	...
Semi-detached house	86,765	...	...	8,545	...	...
Row house	116,625	...	...	10,390	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	43,090	...	...	25,235	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	223,360	...	...	11,645	...	...
Other single-attached house	1,245	...	...	435	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	47,970	...	...	1,430	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,527,675	...	...	218,675	...	...
1 person	366,080	...	...	53,755	...	...
2 persons	524,415	...	...	88,715	...	...
3 persons	245,075	...	...	37,700	...	...
4 persons	233,770	...	...	28,270	...	...
5 or more persons	158,335	...	...	10,235	...	...
Number of persons in private households	3,978,145	...	...	512,255	...	...
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	3,288,020	1,639,835	1,648,185	445,275	215,720	229,550
Married or living common law	1,969,300	988,410	980,895	277,300	138,640	138,660
Married	1,648,945	828,155	820,790	230,815	115,460	115,355
Living common law	320,350	160,250	160,100	46,485	23,180	23,305
Not married and not living common law	1,318,720	651,430	667,290	167,980	77,085	90,895
Never married	905,700	505,310	400,390	107,650	57,545	50,105
Separated	76,150	34,000	42,150	8,570	3,760	4,815
Divorced	195,850	82,040	113,815	22,225	9,535	12,685
Widowed	141,020	30,080	110,940	29,530	6,245	23,285
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,114,585	...	...	161,010	...	...
2 persons	540,850	...	...	91,965	...	...
3 persons	235,245	...	...	36,220	...	...
4 persons	227,165	...	...	26,060	...	...
5 or more persons	111,330	...	...	6,760	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,114,585	...	...	161,010	...	...
Total couple families	953,325	...	...	136,755	...	...
Married couples	793,195	...	...	113,520	...	...
Common-law couples	160,130	...	...	23,235	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	161,260	...	...	24,250	...	...
Female parent	123,490	...	...	19,295	...	...
Male parent	37,770	...	...	4,960	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	953,325	...	...	136,760	...	...
Couples without children	443,665	...	...	76,080	...	...
Couples with children	509,655	...	...	60,675	...	...
1 child	190,010	...	...	29,785	...	...
2 children	213,910	...	...	24,525	...	...
3 or more children	105,735	...	...	6,365	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	161,260	...	...	24,250	...	...
1 child	97,180	...	...	15,885	...	...
2 children	45,235	...	...	6,445	...	...
3 or more children	18,845	...	...	1,925	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	678,535	356,875	321,655	80,020	36,715	43,315
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,527,675	...	...	218,675	...	...
One-census-family households	1,039,985	...	...	154,090	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	414,570	...	...	73,210	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	625,415	...	...	80,880	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	36,120	...	...	3,430	...	...
Non-census-family households	451,570	...	...	61,155	...	...
One-person households	366,080	...	...	53,750	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	85,490	...	...	7,405	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	515,680	252,315	263,370
English only	3,698,765	1,869,670	1,829,095	488,800	241,310	247,490
French only	3,895	1,725	2,165	120	60	60
English and French	264,720	124,400	140,315	25,940	10,580	15,365
Neither English nor French	59,280	24,715	34,565	820	365	455
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	515,680	252,315	263,365
English	3,880,685	1,950,980	1,929,705	512,350	250,610	261,740
French	71,535	37,205	34,330	2,255	1,205	1,050
English and French	16,605	8,350	8,255	350	180	165
Neither English nor French	57,830	23,970	33,860	725	315	410
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	79,840	41,380	38,455	2,425	1,295	1,135
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	2.0	2.0	1.9	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	515,680	252,310	263,370
Single responses	3,934,580	1,975,615	1,958,970	513,980	251,490	262,495
Official languages	3,063,640	1,552,475	1,511,165	502,060	245,305	256,760
English	2,991,485	1,515,025	1,476,460	499,710	244,065	255,645
French	72,150	37,450	34,705	2,350	1,240	1,115
Non-official languages	870,940	423,140	447,805	11,920	6,190	5,735
Aboriginal languages	23,835	11,290	12,550	2,620	1,270	1,350
Algonquian languages	18,295	8,665	9,630	2,130	1,030	1,100
Blackfoot	2,750	1,305	1,445	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	14,960	7,105	7,850	2,120	1,025	1,095
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	5	0	1,505	725	780
Moose Cree	10	0	5	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	605	295	310
Northern East Cree	50	15	35	0	0	0
Plains Cree	720	280	435	5	0	5
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	50	20	35	0	0	0
Woods Cree	910	430	480	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	13,220	6,355	6,865	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	15	15	5	0	5
Malecite	0	5	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	35	20	15	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	550	235	315	5	5	0
Algonquin	5	0	5	0	0	0
Ojibway	525	230	300	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	15	5	15	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	1,865	865	1,000	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	1,855	860	990	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	35	15	15	0	0	0
Carrier	15	0	15	0	0	0
Chilcotin	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	1,470	710	760	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	40	10	30	0	0	0
Gwich'in	15	5	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	70	20	45	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	200	90	115	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	10	5	10	0	0	0
South Slavey	155	70	80	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	120	35	85	490	235	255
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	25	5	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	60	20	45	435	205	230
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	10	30	50	30	20
Iroquoian languages	10	10	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	5	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	5	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	80	45	35	0	0	0
Salish languages	15	5	10	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	5	5	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	5	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Siouan languages	3,370	1,630	1,745	0	0	0
Dakota	350	165	185	0	0	0
Stoney	3,020	1,460	1,555	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	15	5	5	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	5	5	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	5	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	5	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	55	30	25	5	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	847,105	411,850	435,255	9,300	4,920	4,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	68,415	36,215	32,200	1,295	730	565
Berber languages	340	190	145	0	5	0
Kabyle	165	90	75	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	175	100	75	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	12,525	6,495	6,030	45	20	20
Bilen	315	185	130	10	5	5
Oromo	2,650	1,375	1,275	35	15	15
Somali	9,520	4,915	4,605	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	5	0
Semitic languages	55,425	29,450	25,980	1,245	700	545
Amharic	7,320	3,605	3,720	25	10	15
Arabic	40,540	21,840	18,705	1,140	645	490
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	400	210	190	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	145	80	65	0	0	0
Harari	260	135	120	0	0	0
Hebrew	960	505	460	5	5	0
Maltese	75	30	40	5	5	0
Tigrigna	5,415	2,880	2,535	65	30	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	305	155	145	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	130	80	50	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25,295	11,760	13,535	60	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,925	910	1,010	5	0	5
Vietnamese	23,350	10,840	12,505	55	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	115,405	50,190	65,210	1,120	475	645
Bikol	425	205	225	5	5	0
Cebuano	5,135	2,155	2,980	60	15	40
Fijian	125	75	50	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,500	640	855	5	5	5
Ilocano	5,350	2,310	3,040	25	10	15
Malagasy	35	10	25	0	5	0
Malay	1,460	615	845	25	15	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	765	370	390	10	10	5
Pangasinan	290	115	175	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	99,035	43,120	55,920	970	415	560
Waray-Waray	305	145	160	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	980	430	550	10	5	5
Creole languages	1,895	990	910	35	20	15
Haitian Creole	95	45	50	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	1,175	640	540	25	10	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	625	305	325	15	5	5
Dravidian languages	13,490	7,075	6,415	275	150	120
Kannada	535	270	265	15	5	10
Malayalam	6,345	3,285	3,060	100	55	45
Tamil	4,430	2,360	2,070	115	70	45
Telugu	2,130	1,135	995	50	25	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	105	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	442,685	220,330	222,355	4,020	2,265	1,760
Albanian	2,345	1,270	1,075	85	45	40
Armenian	500	250	245	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	80,330	37,750	42,580	585	310	275
Baltic languages	1,010	475	535	10	10	5
Latvian	415	195	220	10	10	5
Lithuanian	600	285	315	0	0	0
Slavic languages	79,325	37,275	42,050	575	300	270
Belarusan	65	30	30	0	5	0
Bosnian	1,835	915	920	15	10	5
Bulgarian	1,545	790	755	65	35	30
Croatian	4,655	2,340	2,320	30	20	15
Czech	3,000	1,430	1,575	35	20	15
Macedonian	360	185	175	5	5	5
Polish	20,130	9,425	10,705	105	55	50
Russian	17,810	8,150	9,665	220	120	100
Serbian	4,020	2,035	1,985	30	15	15
Serbo-Croatian	970	480	485	10	5	5
Slovak	2,185	1,070	1,115	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	695	320	370	10	5	5
Ukrainian	21,835	9,985	11,850	40	15	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	215	120	100	0	5	0
Celtic languages	370	200	170	20	10	5
Scottish Gaelic	135	70	65	10	10	0
Welsh	175	85	80	5	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	10	5	0
Germanic languages	104,260	51,525	52,735	715	425	290
Afrikaans	3,010	1,475	1,535	55	30	25
Danish	2,380	1,245	1,135	55	30	20
Dutch	16,135	8,095	8,045	110	70	40
Frisian	360	200	160	0	0	0
German	80,050	39,435	40,615	380	210	170
Icelandic	115	55	60	30	20	10
Norwegian	815	370	445	55	45	15
Swedish	875	405	470	20	10	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	320	150	170	5	0	0
Yiddish	140	70	70	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	10	5	0
Greek	3,130	1,655	1,475	55	40	15
Indo-Iranian languages	166,805	85,250	81,560	1,640	965	670
Indo-Aryan languages	145,900	74,320	71,580	1,325	800	530
Bengali	7,000	3,630	3,370	325	220	105
Gujarati	13,140	6,785	6,355	70	45	25
Hindi	17,055	8,675	8,385	175	100	70
Kashmiri	105	60	50	0	5	0
Konkani	370	190	185	0	0	0
Marathi	1,510	775	730	30	15	10
Nepali	5,175	2,690	2,490	135	75	55
Oriya (Odia)	190	100	90	5	5	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	68,695	34,935	33,760	215	130	90
Sindhi	2,770	1,300	1,475	25	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,590	1,320	1,265	70	35	40
Urdu	27,295	13,865	13,430	285	165	120
Iranian languages	19,600	10,235	9,365	280	145	130
Kurdish	1,550	845	705	10	10	5
Pashto	2,560	1,320	1,235	30	10	15
Persian (Farsi)	15,490	8,070	7,425	235	125	110
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,310	695	615	30	25	10
Italic (Romance) languages	84,940	42,425	42,515	915	465	455
Catalan	75	30	45	0	0	0
Italian	11,375	5,760	5,615	105	60	45
Portuguese	9,050	4,380	4,670	165	90	70
Romanian	8,035	4,080	3,955	45	15	30
Spanish	56,370	28,160	28,205	595	290	305
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	5	5	0
Japanese	4,875	1,715	3,160	45	15	30
Kartvelian languages	230	130	105	0	0	0
Georgian	230	130	100	5	0	0
Korean	17,920	8,485	9,435	125	50	80
Mongolic languages	545	255	290	0	0	0
Mongolian	540	255	290	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	15,360	7,870	7,495	320	170	145
Akan (Twi)	1,755	915	835	30	20	10
Bamanankan	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	275	155	120	5	5	0
Ewe	245	145	100	5	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	230	120	100	0	0	0
Ga	145	80	65	0	0	0
Ganda	280	145	135	10	5	5
Igbo	1,165	625	540	30	20	10
Lingala	270	130	140	10	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	605	305	295	10	0	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	805	405	400	5	0	5
Shona	1,100	545	555	30	15	15
Swahili	2,380	1,160	1,215	55	25	25
Wolof	280	165	110	5	5	5
Yoruba	2,435	1,305	1,125	60	40	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	3,370	1,640	1,735	65	35	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	2,720	1,395	1,330	35	20	15
Dinka	1,345	705	640	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,375	685	690	25	15	15
Sign languages	830	440	390	125	70	55
American Sign Language	335	165	165	50	25	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	495	275	225	75	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,450	57,740	64,705	1,620	830	790
Chinese languages	120,375	56,675	63,700	1,590	815	775
Cantonese	59,145	27,755	31,385	360	195	165
Hakka	990	465	530	10	5	5
Mandarin	50,660	23,940	26,720	990	495	490
Min Dong	115	50	65	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,060	1,375	1,695	35	15	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	630	305	330	15	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	5,725	2,770	2,955	190	100	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,075	1,065	1,005	30	10	15
Burmese	430	230	200	10	0	10
Karenic languages	795	415	380	10	5	0
Tibetan	575	295	275	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	275	130	140	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	2,670	955	1,710	50	20	30
Lao	1,020	485	535	5	5	5
Thai	1,630	465	1,165	45	20	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	10	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	4,050	2,250	1,800	70	40	25
Azerbaijani	365	215	155	10	5	0
Turkish	3,140	1,760	1,375	45	35	15
Uyghur	130	70	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	205	115	90	10	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	215	95	120	5	0	5
Uralic languages	7,470	3,600	3,870	90	20	70
Estonian	190	90	105	20	10	10
Finnish	810	330	480	20	5	20
Hungarian	6,470	3,185	3,285	55	10	40
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	690	415	280	20	15	5
Multiple responses	92,070	44,900	47,175	1,700	820	880
English and French	10,230	4,950	5,280	585	250	335
English and non-official language	77,520	37,815	39,705	1,025	530	500
French and non-official language	2,685	1,375	1,305	60	30	30
English, French and non-official language	1,640	760	880	25	15	15
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	4,026,655	2,020,510	2,006,145	515,675	252,310	263,370
Single responses	3,837,615	1,928,230	1,909,385	513,025	250,995	262,030
Official languages	3,354,885	1,690,490	1,664,395	506,485	247,615	258,865
English	3,327,255	1,676,360	1,650,895	505,550	247,155	258,395
French	27,630	14,130	13,500	935	465	475
Non-official languages	482,725	237,740	244,990	6,545	3,380	3,160
Aboriginal languages	9,970	4,940	5,020	1,910	950	960
Algonquian languages	7,175	3,575	3,605	1,800	890	910
Blackfoot	1,110	555	555	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	5,875	2,925	2,945	1,800	890	910
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,200	600	605
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	600	295	310
Northern East Cree	20	10	10	0	0	0
Plains Cree	125	60	60	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	5	0	5	0	0	0
Woods Cree	600	300	295	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5,120	2,540	2,575	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0	5	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	190	95	95	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	185	90	95	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	620	320	300	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	620	325	300	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	10	5	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	540	280	260	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	5	5	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	60	35	30	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	55	30	25	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	10	0	10	105	55	50
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	105	55	50
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	2,125	1,025	1,095	0	0	0
Dakota	175	85	85	0	0	0
Stoney	1,945	935	1,010	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	472,760	232,800	239,965	4,635	2,430	2,205
Afro-Asiatic languages	43,770	22,535	21,235	830	425	410
Berber languages	200	105	95	5	0	0
Kabyle	90	45	40	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	105	60	45	5	0	5
Cushitic languages	9,220	4,750	4,470	40	20	20
Bilen	280	160	115	10	5	0
Oromo	2,075	1,060	1,015	30	20	15
Somali	6,850	3,520	3,325	0	0	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0
Semitic languages	34,310	17,660	16,655	790	400	390
Amharic	4,915	2,390	2,530	10	5	5
Arabic	24,230	12,555	11,675	725	375	355
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	260	130	130	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	95	50	40	0	0	0
Harari	165	80	85	0	0	0
Hebrew	460	235	225	0	0	0
Maltese	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	3,955	2,095	1,860	50	20	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	210	110	100	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,355	7,635	8,715	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	960	460	500	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15,380	7,175	8,205	40	20	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	0	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60,860	28,765	32,100	500	235	265
Bikol	70	40	35	0	0	0
Cebuano	2,110	1,015	1,090	15	5	10
Fijian	45	25	20	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	470	215	255	5	0	0
Ilocano	1,975	935	1,035	5	5	0
Malagasy	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malay	405	205	195	5	5	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	220	110	110	5	5	5
Pangasinan	45	20	30	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55,105	26,005	29,100	475	225	245
Waray-Waray	125	60	60	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	280	120	155	0	0	0
Creole languages	970	495	475	15	10	5
Haitian Creole	50	25	25	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	655	345	310	10	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	270	125	140	10	5	5
Dravidian languages	8,460	4,335	4,125	120	65	55
Kannada	210	105	105	0	0	5
Malayalam	4,060	2,070	1,990	35	15	15
Tamil	2,915	1,515	1,395	55	30	25
Telugu	1,245	635	615	25	15	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	230,270	115,280	114,995	1,620	890	730
Albanian	1,060	570	485	30	20	15
Armenian	215	115	105	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30,220	14,820	15,400	195	100	100
Baltic languages	410	210	200	0	0	0
Latvian	165	85	80	0	0	0
Lithuanian	250	125	120	0	0	0
Slavic languages	29,815	14,610	15,205	195	100	95
Belarusan	15	10	5	0	0	0
Bosnian	785	400	385	5	5	0
Bulgarian	825	415	405	30	15	15
Croatian	1,800	905	895	0	0	5
Czech	875	440	430	5	5	0
Macedonian	175	90	85	0	0	0
Polish	7,705	3,675	4,030	30	15	15
Russian	10,145	4,965	5,175	95	50	45
Serbian	2,100	1,045	1,055	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian	315	160	155	0	0	0
Slovak	710	345	365	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	150	70	75	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,180	2,060	2,110	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0	0	0
Celtic languages	40	25	15	0	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	15	15	5	0	0	0
Welsh	15	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40,915	20,280	20,625	155	85	70
Afrikaans	1,705	835	875	15	5	10
Danish	150	75	75	25	10	10
Dutch	1,980	985	1,000	15	10	5
Frisian	60	30	30	0	0	0
German	36,295	18,010	18,290	65	30	25
Icelandic	30	15	15	15	10	10
Norwegian	60	20	35	20	10	5
Swedish	145	65	80	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	30	25	0	0	0
Yiddish	15	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	425	215	210	0	0	0
Greek	1,015	490	525	10	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	111,975	56,535	55,445	860	505	360
Indo-Aryan languages	98,610	49,790	48,815	685	410	275
Bengali	4,530	2,300	2,225	150	105	45
Gujarati	8,025	4,085	3,935	20	10	10
Hindi	9,945	5,115	4,825	75	45	30
Kashmiri	50	20	25	0	0	0
Konkani	75	40	40	0	0	0
Marathi	845	440	405	10	5	5
Nepali	3,710	1,905	1,805	95	55	40
Oriya (Odia)	95	50	45	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	51,010	25,720	25,295	145	80	60
Sindhi	1,240	575	665	10	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,480	750	730	45	25	20
Urdu	17,600	8,795	8,810	130	70	60
Iranian languages	12,720	6,415	6,305	155	85	75
Kurdish	850	440	410	5	0	5
Pashto	1,640	845	795	10	5	0
Persian (Farsi)	10,230	5,135	5,100	145	75	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	650	325	325	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages	44,830	22,445	22,385	365	175	190
Catalan	35	10	20	5	0	0
Italian	2,840	1,275	1,560	20	10	10
Portuguese	3,905	1,875	2,030	50	25	25
Romanian	4,135	2,115	2,020	10	5	5
Spanish	33,910	17,160	16,755	275	130	145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	2,245	945	1,300	20	5	10
Kartvelian languages	160	85	70	0	0	0
Georgian	160	85	70	0	0	0
Korean	12,775	6,205	6,570	60	30	35
Mongolic languages	335	160	175	0	0	0
Mongolian	335	155	175	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5,600	2,725	2,875	105	50	55
Akan (Twi)	845	415	430	5	0	0
Bamanankan	10	10	0	0	0	0
Edo	70	35	35	0	0	0
Ewe	80	45	35	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	55	45	0	0	0
Ga	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	95	50	50	5	0	5
Igbo	265	125	145	0	5	0
Lingala	85	35	45	5	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	280	135	145	10	0	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	350	175	170	0	0	0
Shona	410	190	225	5	5	0
Swahili	1,090	530	565	45	20	25
Wolof	170	95	75	0	0	0
Yoruba	690	340	350	20	10	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,015	485	535	10	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,525	765	755	5	10	0
Dinka	800	420	380	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	725	350	375	5	5	0
Sign languages	1,095	630	465	210	120	90
American Sign Language	325	170	155	60	30	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	765	455	310	155	85	70
Sino-Tibetan languages	82,380	39,230	43,155	1,040	545	495
Chinese languages	80,880	38,455	42,420	1,030	535	490
Cantonese	38,275	17,810	20,460	190	100	90
Hakka	315	135	185	0	0	0
Mandarin	37,125	18,030	19,095	705	365	335
Min Dong	20	5	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,245	540	705	15	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	340	175	165	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	3,550	1,760	1,785	120	65	55
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,500	770	730	10	5	5
Burmese	280	145	130	5	0	5
Karenic languages	665	340	320	0	0	0
Tibetan	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	140	65	75	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,130	505	625	10	5	5
Lao	465	215	245	5	0	0
Thai	655	285	370	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	2,390	1,270	1,120	30	15	15
Azerbaijani	155	90	75	0	0	0
Turkish	1,945	1,030	915	15	5	10
Uyghur	80	45	40	0	0	0
Uzbek	135	70	65	10	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	25	5	0	0
Uralic languages	2,130	1,040	1,085	25	10	10
Estonian	25	10	15	10	5	5
Finnish	105	50	50	0	5	0
Hungarian	1,995	980	1,015	10	5	5
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	240	140	95	5	5	0
Multiple responses	189,040	92,280	96,760	2,655	1,320	1,340
English and French	6,885	3,410	3,475	400	185	215
English and non-official language	178,070	86,895	91,170	2,175	1,095	1,080
French and non-official language	1,125	540	580	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language	2,965	1,430	1,530	55	25	30
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	4,026,650	2,020,510	2,006,140	515,680	252,310	263,365
None	3,492,295	1,760,240	1,732,055	505,060	247,185	257,870
English	221,305	110,655	110,650	3,190	1,655	1,535
French	41,840	19,470	22,375	3,160	1,305	1,855
Non-official language	262,255	125,640	136,615	4,135	2,095	2,035
Aboriginal	17,430	8,325	9,105	685	315	370
Non-Aboriginal	244,825	117,315	127,510	3,450	1,785	1,670
English and French	1,535	775	760	20	10	5
English and non-official language	4,545	2,345	2,195	45	25	25
French and non-official language	2,795	1,340	1,455	65	35	35
English, French and non-official language	85	50	40	5	5	0
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	437,940	212,785	225,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,053,470	1,528,275	1,525,190	422,335	205,915	216,425
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,717	54,891	33,213	31,754	40,880	25,314
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715	422,475	205,925	216,550
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	38,067	47,131	30,478	28,883	36,040	23,623
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,839,590	1,458,560	1,381,030	350,685	178,440	172,240
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,330	54,528	32,099	30,580	39,940	23,812
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	1,785,065	711,210	1,073,855	320,165	142,895	177,270
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,093	3,834	4,185	9,208	10,950	8,142
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,030	299,155	154,695	144,455
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	42,679	54,361	32,982	31,528	41,659	24,445
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	437,935	212,780	225,155
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,054,555	1,528,100	1,526,455	422,695	206,060	216,630
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	62,778	80,001	45,535	45,210	56,724	34,259
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,055,230	1,528,240	1,526,995	422,850	206,070	216,780
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	50,683	62,938	38,417	37,105	45,371	29,247
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,840,675	1,458,210	1,382,465	350,865	178,415	172,450
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	62,997	80,282	44,766	45,500	56,985	33,617
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	1,784,345	710,105	1,074,240	320,275	143,070	177,205
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,175	7,298	7,093	9,823	10,636	9,166
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,473,665	1,299,805	1,173,855	299,155	154,695	144,460
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	59,343	74,073	43,031	46,153	57,421	34,087
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,240	437,935	212,785	225,150
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,152,385	669,770	482,615	127,135	65,460	61,670
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	64,090	73,781	53,836	55,696	64,859	46,313
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	81,586	94,822	63,218	67,716	80,565	54,077
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	93.3	95.8	89.1	83.5	86.9	78.3
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	76.5	78.9	72.3	72.0	75.7	66.2
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	6.7	4.2	10.9	16.5	13.1	21.7
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	437,940	212,785	225,155
Without total income	152,585	74,410	78,170	15,600	6,875	8,730
With total income	3,053,470	1,528,280	1,525,190	422,335	205,910	216,420
Percentage with total income	95.2	95.4	95.1	96.4	96.8	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	389,580	146,450	243,130	54,190	20,040	34,150
$10,000 to $19,999	385,235	147,125	238,110	80,625	30,610	50,015
$20,000 to $29,999	364,915	142,810	222,105	66,445	26,040	40,410
$30,000 to $39,999	305,680	131,185	174,490	50,800	24,220	26,585
$40,000 to $49,999	286,615	133,715	152,900	40,710	20,675	20,030
$50,000 to $59,999	247,830	124,720	123,115	28,815	16,365	12,450
$60,000 to $69,999	205,840	114,405	91,430	22,170	13,390	8,790
$70,000 to $79,999	165,640	99,645	65,995	16,585	9,950	6,640
$80,000 to $89,999	132,720	82,700	50,020	14,525	8,380	6,140
$90,000 to $99,999	114,010	70,655	43,350	11,570	7,230	4,345
$100,000 and over	455,410	334,865	120,550	35,890	29,020	6,870
$100,000 to $149,999	274,185	191,710	82,475	24,160	19,130	5,030
$150,000 and over	181,225	143,150	38,075	11,730	9,890	1,845
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,365	437,935	212,790	225,150
Without after-tax income	151,915	74,270	77,645	15,465	6,865	8,600
With after-tax income	3,054,135	1,528,420	1,525,715	422,475	205,920	216,550
Percentage with after-tax income	95.3	95.4	95.2	96.5	96.8	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	399,005	149,280	249,725	55,965	20,310	35,650
$10,000 to $19,999	402,780	154,330	248,450	84,935	32,255	52,675
$20,000 to $29,999	420,955	166,650	254,300	77,570	31,835	45,730
$30,000 to $39,999	377,590	169,665	207,925	60,145	30,005	30,140
$40,000 to $49,999	347,960	172,595	175,365	42,845	23,560	19,285
$50,000 to $59,999	276,970	153,985	122,985	29,740	18,000	11,735
$60,000 to $69,999	208,265	127,045	81,220	21,810	12,880	8,925
$70,000 to $79,999	160,580	100,970	59,610	16,275	10,280	5,995
$80,000 and over	460,030	333,895	126,140	33,195	26,780	6,410
$80,000 to $89,999	121,015	78,400	42,620	9,910	7,385	2,525
$90,000 to $99,999	82,020	57,375	24,645	6,785	5,580	1,205
$100,000 and over	257,000	198,120	58,875	16,495	13,810	2,685
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	3,206,050	1,602,690	1,603,360	437,940	212,785	225,150
Without employment income	732,385	301,060	431,330	138,785	58,090	80,695
With employment income	2,473,665	1,301,630	1,172,035	299,155	154,695	144,460
Percentage with employment income	77.2	81.2	73.1	68.3	72.7	64.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	273,835	122,830	151,005	41,945	19,065	22,885
$5,000 to $9,999	164,095	68,100	95,990	25,185	9,870	15,315
$10,000 to $19,999	274,105	113,680	160,430	43,245	18,425	24,820
$20,000 to $29,999	235,620	96,855	138,760	34,575	14,615	19,960
$30,000 to $39,999	227,450	100,650	126,805	26,880	13,045	13,840
$40,000 to $49,999	219,155	103,680	115,475	25,000	12,240	12,755
$50,000 to $59,999	195,145	99,285	95,860	19,620	11,050	8,570
$60,000 to $69,999	163,465	92,950	70,515	16,510	9,855	6,655
$70,000 to $79,999	135,150	83,240	51,910	12,995	7,755	5,240
$80,000 and over	585,640	420,365	165,280	53,195	38,785	14,415
$80,000 to $89,999	111,045	71,210	39,835	12,605	7,075	5,530
$90,000 to $99,999	99,785	62,305	37,480	9,920	6,290	3,635
$100,000 and over	374,815	286,855	87,960	30,660	25,415	5,245
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,527,680	...	...	218,670	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	93,835	...	...	67,272	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	80,300	...	...	59,060	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	366,080	...	...	53,750	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	47,948	...	...	27,593	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	41,502	...	...	25,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,161,600	...	...	164,920	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	111,435	...	...	83,459	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	94,830	...	...	72,188	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,527,675	...	...	218,675	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	125,522	...	...	87,392	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	101,361	...	...	71,750	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	365,000	...	...	53,735	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	64,341	...	...	41,684	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	52,116	...	...	33,968	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,162,675	...	...	164,940	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	144,729	...	...	102,281	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	116,821	...	...	84,058	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,527,680	...	...	218,670	...	...
Under $5,000	21,660	...	...	1,610	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	13,555	...	...	3,325	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	18,070	...	...	6,270	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	33,045	...	...	10,620	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	51,505	...	...	11,065	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	38,615	...	...	10,490	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	42,580	...	...	12,560	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	46,630	...	...	9,765	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,520	...	...	8,675	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	46,825	...	...	8,390	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	95,425	...	...	15,745	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	95,340	...	...	14,835	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	92,345	...	...	13,210	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	88,775	...	...	11,965	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	84,570	...	...	10,690	...	...
$100,000 and over	712,215	...	...	69,465	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	184,595	...	...	21,315	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	142,910	...	...	16,030	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	181,960	...	...	18,490	...	...
$200,000 and over	202,745	...	...	13,630	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,527,680	...	...	218,675	...	...
Under $5,000	23,395	...	...	1,715	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	13,860	...	...	3,370	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	18,600	...	...	6,350	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	34,540	...	...	10,970	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	55,010	...	...	12,220	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	44,170	...	...	11,580	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	50,280	...	...	13,770	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	55,645	...	...	11,505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	57,695	...	...	10,270	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	59,195	...	...	10,130	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	119,200	...	...	19,260	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	116,250	...	...	17,415	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	112,675	...	...	15,335	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	106,235	...	...	13,145	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	95,600	...	...	11,470	...	...
$100,000 and over	565,335	...	...	50,175	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	192,795	...	...	21,485	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	132,240	...	...	13,060	...	...
$150,000 and over	240,305	...	...	15,630	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,099,900	...	...	159,665	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	109,997	...	...	83,589	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,588	...	...	72,193	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	407,300	...	...	71,340	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	101,283	...	...	69,513	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	86,043	...	...	61,160	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	511,375	...	...	61,695	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	133,186	...	...	120,644	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,951	...	...	100,500	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.1	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	146,045	...	...	22,155	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	62,909	...	...	45,630	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	57,079	...	...	42,926	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,101,485	...	...	159,645	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	144,493	...	...	102,559	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	116,343	...	...	84,156	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	408,625	...	...	71,405	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	137,805	...	...	87,485	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	110,236	...	...	72,251	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	512,615	...	...	61,740	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	169,354	...	...	137,066	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	135,623	...	...	110,501	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	145,115	...	...	22,125	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	80,406	...	...	57,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	68,470	...	...	50,395	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	577,475	308,835	268,640	69,430	32,260	37,175
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	42,598	47,903	37,344	26,545	30,718	24,334
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	37,648	41,340	33,785	24,852	27,806	23,469
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	573,385	306,195	267,190	69,470	32,190	37,280
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	56,856	63,468	49,280	39,398	45,493	34,137
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	46,559	50,990	41,481	32,455	36,753	28,743
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,650	512,255	250,910	261,340
In the bottom half of the distribution	1,527,695	739,210	788,485	254,565	119,495	135,070
In the bottom decile	293,490	143,880	149,605	45,825	21,025	24,800
In the second decile	278,635	128,055	150,575	62,600	27,510	35,090
In the third decile	297,695	142,090	155,605	49,300	23,290	26,015
In the fourth decile	315,570	154,815	160,760	48,540	23,710	24,825
In the fifth decile	342,305	170,375	171,935	48,295	23,955	24,340
In the top half of the distribution	2,450,450	1,259,285	1,191,160	257,685	131,420	126,270
In the sixth decile	366,250	183,860	182,390	49,765	24,975	24,790
In the seventh decile	397,275	201,465	195,810	50,430	25,400	25,035
In the eighth decile	443,585	227,385	216,200	52,970	26,900	26,075
In the ninth decile	522,545	268,995	253,555	55,005	28,170	26,840
In the top decile	720,795	377,585	343,215	49,510	25,975	23,535
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	3,925,220	1,971,735	1,953,485	509,340	249,445	259,895
0 to 17 years	893,255	458,330	434,925	89,425	45,880	43,545
0 to 5 years	310,080	158,825	151,260	26,950	13,780	13,170
18 to 64 years	2,580,730	1,298,440	1,282,295	324,715	158,305	166,410
65 years and over	451,235	214,965	236,265	95,200	45,265	49,935
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	363,890	171,945	191,940	78,595	34,740	43,850
0 to 17 years	114,215	58,665	55,555	15,920	8,110	7,810
0 to 5 years	41,755	21,350	20,400	5,205	2,670	2,530
18 to 64 years	210,870	98,415	112,455	40,420	17,430	22,990
65 years and over	38,800	14,875	23,925	22,250	9,200	13,055
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.3	8.7	9.8	15.4	13.9	16.9
0 to 17 years (%)	12.8	12.8	12.8	17.8	17.7	17.9
0 to 5 years (%)	13.5	13.4	13.5	19.3	19.4	19.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	7.6	8.8	12.4	11.0	13.8
65 years and over (%)	8.6	6.9	10.1	23.4	20.3	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	273,515	134,180	139,335	29,200	13,915	15,285
0 to 17 years	76,930	39,385	37,550	6,065	3,095	2,970
0 to 5 years	28,190	14,420	13,770	2,035	1,080	955
18 to 64 years	181,805	88,715	93,095	21,880	10,305	11,570
65 years and over	14,780	6,085	8,695	1,255	510	750
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.0	6.8	7.1	5.7	5.6	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.6	6.8	6.7	6.8
0 to 5 years (%)	9.1	9.1	9.1	7.6	7.8	7.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	6.8	7.3	6.7	6.5	7.0
65 years and over (%)	3.3	2.8	3.7	1.3	1.1	1.5
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	512,250	250,910	261,340
Official languages	3,920,530	1,974,435	1,946,095	511,220	250,445	260,775
English	3,916,805	1,972,800	1,944,005	511,100	250,390	260,705
French	264,600	123,940	140,660	25,965	10,395	15,575
Non-official languages	1,082,425	527,770	554,655	17,245	8,800	8,445
Aboriginal languages	36,465	17,415	19,045	3,035	1,425	1,610
Algonquian languages	29,675	14,120	15,555	2,270	1,085	1,180
Blackfoot	5,575	2,665	2,905	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	23,465	11,155	12,310	2,220	1,070	1,150
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	1,575	765	810
Moose Cree	25	0	15	10	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	665	315	350
Northern East Cree	90	20	70	0	0	0
Plains Cree	1,580	620	965	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	45	25	25	0	0	0
Woods Cree	1,135	525	610	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20,665	9,990	10,675	10	0	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	35	15	15	50	15	35
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	35	15	15	50	15	35
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	955	425	530	0	10	0
Algonquin	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	925	415	505	10	10	0
Oji-Cree	20	10	15	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	2,640	1,255	1,385	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	2,630	1,250	1,380	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Beaver	85	50	35	0	0	0
Carrier	45	10	35	0	0	0
Chilcotin	20	15	10	0	0	0
Dene	2,010	975	1,035	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	75	30	45	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	150	65	85	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	285	140	145	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	25	15	10	0	0	0
South Slavey	190	90	100	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	75	35	45	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	10	0	10	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Haida	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuit languages	135	50	80	765	340	425
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	35	10	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	60	20	35	690	290	400
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	75	50	25
Iroquoian languages	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	25	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	10	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	145	75	70	0	0	0
Salish languages	50	25	25	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	10	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	15	10	10	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	10	0	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	4,050	2,005	2,045	0	0	0
Dakota	530	285	245	0	0	0
Stoney	3,650	1,790	1,855	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	35	15	15	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	15	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,046,245	510,495	535,750	14,220	7,380	6,840
Afro-Asiatic languages	96,210	50,675	45,535	1,705	930	770
Berber languages	540	335	205	20	10	15
Kabyle	225	125	90	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	315	210	110	20	0	10
Cushitic languages	15,445	8,055	7,385	35	10	25
Bilen	370	235	135	0	0	0
Oromo	3,125	1,625	1,500	15	10	10
Somali	12,030	6,240	5,795	20	10	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	82,200	43,405	38,800	1,640	900	735
Amharic	10,870	5,595	5,275	50	35	20
Arabic	62,730	33,365	29,370	1,560	860	700
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	430	225	210	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	70	75	0	0	0
Harari	340	150	185	0	0	0
Hebrew	3,250	1,650	1,600	10	10	10
Maltese	145	85	55	10	10	10
Tigrigna	7,315	3,915	3,400	25	20	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	450	250	205	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	375	225	145	35	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	32,730	15,440	17,290	55	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,700	1,375	1,330	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30,150	14,130	16,015	50	25	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	145,745	63,615	82,130	1,315	530	785
Bikol	330	150	180	0	0	0
Cebuano	6,690	2,940	3,750	95	30	75
Fijian	340	195	145	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,760	745	1,020	0	0	0
Ilocano	7,370	3,160	4,215	35	10	30
Malagasy	80	40	40	0	0	0
Malay	3,040	1,435	1,610	110	70	40
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,185	565	625	0	0	0
Pangasinan	445	190	250	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	138,440	60,115	78,325	1,170	450	715
Waray-Waray	420	170	245	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,160	505	650	15	10	10
Creole languages	4,585	2,390	2,195	60	30	25
Haitian Creole	255	140	115	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	2,675	1,425	1,250	35	15	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,680	840	850	25	15	10
Dravidian languages	18,190	9,660	8,525	450	245	210
Kannada	1,035	520	515	35	10	25
Malayalam	8,150	4,255	3,900	150	75	80
Tamil	7,195	3,900	3,295	245	145	100
Telugu	2,910	1,560	1,345	45	30	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	150	80	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	115	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	550,490	274,510	275,980	7,080	3,835	3,245
Albanian	2,880	1,550	1,325	125	70	60
Armenian	530	255	275	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	93,150	44,750	48,395	855	450	405
Baltic languages	1,360	660	705	15	0	10
Latvian	590	300	290	10	0	10
Lithuanian	775	360	415	0	0	0
Slavic languages	92,300	44,340	47,960	845	450	400
Belarusan	200	95	105	0	0	0
Bosnian	2,880	1,450	1,435	20	15	10
Bulgarian	1,795	945	850	60	25	35
Croatian	6,280	3,260	3,025	65	45	20
Czech	3,590	1,650	1,940	50	25	25
Macedonian	535	270	265	10	10	10
Polish	23,650	11,455	12,195	125	85	40
Russian	27,375	13,195	14,175	515	250	265
Serbian	5,355	2,630	2,730	15	20	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,095	550	540	10	0	0
Slovak	2,780	1,495	1,285	15	15	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	735	360	375	0	0	0
Ukrainian	26,600	11,980	14,620	120	55	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	250	120	130	0	0	0
Celtic languages	1,180	615	560	115	75	35
Scottish Gaelic	440	215	225	30	30	0
Welsh	315	180	130	40	30	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	450	220	225	50	20	25
Germanic languages	112,670	56,325	56,345	1,765	965	800
Afrikaans	5,165	2,655	2,515	85	50	40
Danish	2,800	1,360	1,440	100	55	45
Dutch	19,480	9,595	9,890	150	80	75
Frisian	475	275	205	0	0	0
German	83,010	41,905	41,105	1,270	685	580
Icelandic	160	70	95	50	35	20
Norwegian	1,450	635	810	130	75	55
Swedish	1,635	800	835	55	40	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	380	170	215	0	10	0
Yiddish	250	130	115	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	2,115	1,095	1,015	0	0	0
Greek	4,935	2,535	2,400	95	55	40
Indo-Iranian languages	206,725	106,045	100,675	2,070	1,230	840
Indo-Aryan languages	186,005	95,045	90,960	1,760	1,070	690
Bengali	8,530	4,385	4,140	370	240	125
Gujarati	18,005	8,945	9,055	60	35	20
Hindi	61,290	31,900	29,385	595	355	240
Kashmiri	125	80	45	0	0	0
Konkani	625	300	320	10	0	0
Marathi	2,575	1,385	1,195	25	10	15
Nepali	5,510	3,000	2,510	175	110	60
Oriya (Odia)	255	135	120	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90,485	46,350	44,135	485	305	180
Sindhi	4,595	2,065	2,530	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	3,800	1,925	1,875	80	45	35
Urdu	41,235	21,245	20,000	405	255	145
Iranian languages	22,140	11,665	10,475	275	150	130
Kurdish	1,930	1,100	825	25	25	0
Pashto	3,330	1,795	1,530	50	35	15
Persian (Farsi)	17,600	9,220	8,375	205	90	110
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	1,760	960	805	70	45	30
Italic (Romance) languages	142,340	69,885	72,450	2,450	1,240	1,210
Catalan	170	95	80	10	10	0
Italian	19,900	9,875	10,020	360	190	165
Portuguese	12,670	6,255	6,415	395	215	180
Romanian	9,915	5,185	4,735	55	30	25
Spanish	104,445	50,960	53,490	1,820	895	930
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	250	130	125	20	10	15
Japanese	9,215	4,115	5,100	155	45	110
Kartvelian languages	225	130	100	0	0	0
Georgian	230	130	100	0	0	0
Korean	19,950	9,405	10,545	130	50	75
Mongolic languages	800	375	430	0	0	10
Mongolian	800	370	430	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	29,430	14,980	14,450	795	445	345
Akan (Twi)	2,925	1,505	1,420	60	55	10
Bamanankan	60	30	30	0	0	0
Edo	620	325	290	10	10	0
Ewe	335	170	165	10	10	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	300	165	135	0	0	0
Ga	345	190	155	0	0	0
Ganda	610	305	305	55	35	20
Igbo	2,550	1,345	1,210	90	45	45
Lingala	1,240	640	605	10	10	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	830	420	410	10	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,155	605	550	25	15	20
Shona	1,810	850	960	105	35	75
Swahili	6,700	3,470	3,235	180	110	70
Wolof	600	365	235	0	0	0
Yoruba	5,930	3,035	2,890	200	115	80
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	6,585	3,265	3,320	130	75	60
Nilo-Saharan languages	3,070	1,495	1,575	55	35	20
Dinka	1,655	825	825	35	25	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,425	675	750	20	10	15
Sign languages	5,910	2,350	3,555	710	315	395
American Sign Language	3,085	1,130	1,955	350	130	215
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	2,855	1,230	1,625	370	190	180
Sino-Tibetan languages	141,860	67,945	73,915	1,870	1,025	840
Chinese languages	139,385	66,700	72,685	1,820	995	820
Cantonese	74,770	35,490	39,280	395	230	165
Hakka	1,180	515	660	0	0	0
Mandarin	70,510	33,310	37,195	1,265	665	595
Min Dong	85	50	40	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,140	1,765	2,380	35	25	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	855	380	470	10	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	6,335	3,160	3,175	265	160	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	55	25	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,590	1,290	1,300	50	30	20
Burmese	605	305	295	25	15	10
Karenic languages	805	415	390	35	25	10
Tibetan	860	430	430	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	445	215	235	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	3,705	1,510	2,195	65	30	35
Lao	1,520	730	795	15	10	0
Thai	2,400	850	1,545	55	25	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5,795	3,180	2,625	80	50	30
Azerbaijani	630	325	300	0	0	0
Turkish	4,255	2,420	1,835	60	45	15
Uyghur	290	135	155	0	0	0
Uzbek	425	200	225	20	10	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	355	170	180	10	0	10
Uralic languages	8,895	4,315	4,575	120	35	80
Estonian	185	85	105	25	15	10
Finnish	1,045	455	590	15	0	10
Hungarian	7,660	3,770	3,890	85	25	65
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,820	1,025	790	40	20	20
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645	512,250	250,910	261,335
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	3,622,740	1,825,135	1,797,600	503,160	245,925	257,240
Canadian citizens aged under 18	854,815	439,065	415,755	88,805	45,585	43,220
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	2,767,920	1,386,070	1,381,850	414,355	200,335	214,020
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	355,410	173,365	182,045	9,090	4,990	4,100
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650	512,255	250,910	261,340
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,062,775	1,550,445	1,512,335	496,410	242,465	253,940
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	845,220	412,320	432,895	12,080	6,230	5,850
Before 1981	163,460	81,620	81,840	3,430	1,765	1,660
1981 to 1990	86,350	41,690	44,660	905	455	450
1991 to 2000	131,560	62,930	68,630	1,210	625	585
2001 to 2010	256,055	125,235	130,820	2,860	1,490	1,370
2001 to 2005	109,145	53,425	55,720	995	500	495
2006 to 2010	146,910	71,810	75,100	1,865	990	875
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	207,790	100,845	106,945	3,675	1,890	1,780
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	70,155	35,735	34,420	3,770	2,215	1,550
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	845,220	412,320	432,895	12,075	6,230	5,845
Under 5 years	82,175	42,200	39,975	1,535	745	790
5 to 14 years	149,815	77,820	71,995	2,095	1,090	1,005
15 to 24 years	168,965	78,215	90,755	2,090	1,035	1,050
25 to 44 years	372,805	180,265	192,535	5,420	2,840	2,580
45 years and over	71,450	33,820	37,630	940	515	425
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	845,215	412,325	432,895	12,080	6,230	5,850
Americas	103,540	49,345	54,190	2,280	1,080	1,205
Brazil	2,545	1,100	1,440	30	15	15
Colombia	9,535	4,570	4,960	110	50	65
El Salvador	7,255	3,725	3,530	10	10	0
Guyana	2,555	1,200	1,355	30	15	10
Haiti	1,270	675	600	0	10	0
Jamaica	6,845	3,170	3,680	110	45	70
Mexico	15,665	7,860	7,805	90	35	55
Peru	1,920	780	1,140	20	0	15
Trinidad and Tobago	3,415	1,670	1,750	30	15	15
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	30,460	13,675	16,785	1,535	730	805
Other places of birth in Americas	22,075	10,925	11,150	300	155	145
Europe	189,770	95,355	94,415	4,215	2,325	1,885
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,555	2,325	2,230	45	20	25
Croatia	3,080	1,615	1,465	10	10	0
France	2,535	1,215	1,320	160	95	70
Germany	19,205	9,485	9,715	365	210	155
Greece	2,005	1,115	890	30	20	10
Hungary	3,665	1,880	1,785	40	10	30
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	3,935	2,100	1,835	180	95	85
Italy	8,110	4,370	3,745	80	60	20
Netherlands	14,035	7,420	6,610	95	55	40
Poland	16,925	8,045	8,880	75	50	30
Portugal	4,050	1,985	2,070	140	80	60
Romania	7,725	3,930	3,795	55	15	35
Russian Federation	7,260	3,135	4,125	165	90	70
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	2,255	1,080	1,170	10	10	0
Ukraine	8,150	3,700	4,455	85	25	60
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	59,215	30,280	28,935	2,215	1,215	1,000
Other places of birth in Europe	23,060	11,670	11,390	465	270	195
Africa	89,740	46,705	43,030	1,215	655	560
Algeria	1,340	715	625	30	20	0
Egypt	5,320	2,940	2,375	215	135	80
Ethiopia	10,570	5,355	5,215	50	30	25
Kenya	5,120	2,555	2,565	25	10	20
Morocco	1,695	1,005	695	25	20	0
Nigeria	12,405	6,520	5,880	185	105	80
Somalia	7,060	3,665	3,395	10	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	7,355	3,670	3,685	135	55	80
Other places of birth in Africa	38,865	20,275	18,590	535	280	260
Asia	452,225	215,955	236,265	4,295	2,145	2,150
Afghanistan	5,190	2,765	2,430	45	15	25
Bangladesh	5,085	2,590	2,500	165	95	70
China^{Census data footnote 59}	57,690	26,510	31,185	835	405	425
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	19,110	9,265	9,850	80	60	25
India	91,660	46,625	45,035	640	355	285
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	8,910	4,655	4,250	65	35	35
Iraq	5,935	3,205	2,730	220	115	105
Japan	3,065	905	2,160	15	0	15
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	13,850	6,530	7,320	35	0	25
Lebanon	10,395	5,640	4,750	35	35	10
Pakistan	28,075	14,630	13,445	245	145	95
Philippines	123,830	54,075	69,755	855	330	530
Sri Lanka	4,835	2,475	2,365	115	65	50
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	4,800	2,515	2,280	315	145	175
Taiwan	3,455	1,460	2,000	35	20	15
Viet Nam	27,080	12,645	14,435	30	15	20
Other places of birth in Asia	39,250	19,485	19,765	570	315	255
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	9,940	4,950	4,990	70	20	50
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	207,790	100,845	106,945	3,675	1,890	1,785
Americas	20,060	9,660	10,400	460	230	230
Brazil	860	370	490	20	0	15
Colombia	2,295	1,020	1,275	10	0	10
Cuba	465	215	255	30	15	15
Haiti	385	240	150	0	0	0
Jamaica	1,660	765	895	70	20	45
Mexico	4,405	2,250	2,150	30	20	0
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	4,645	2,130	2,515	195	110	90
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	1,570	745	820	25	20	0
Other places of birth in Americas	3,785	1,930	1,855	80	30	45
Europe	20,870	10,830	10,045	545	310	230
France	425	240	180	65	30	30
Germany	1,370	710	655	30	15	15
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,355	835	520	30	30	10
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	715	365	350	0	0	0
Romania	1,100	545	555	0	0	0
Russian Federation	1,235	430	805	45	30	15
Ukraine	2,340	1,060	1,280	40	0	45
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,225	3,570	2,650	160	100	60
Other places of birth in Europe	6,100	3,065	3,040	170	110	60
Africa	27,770	14,165	13,610	620	320	300
Algeria	255	115	135	10	10	0
Cameroon	1,055	515	545	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	805	365	440	30	0	20
Côte d'Ivoire	420	210	210	0	0	10
Egypt	1,940	1,045	895	115	65	55
Eritrea	2,390	1,335	1,055	25	15	15
Ethiopia	3,445	1,670	1,780	30	15	15
Morocco	515	265	250	10	10	0
Nigeria	6,110	3,200	2,910	125	70	60
Somalia	2,120	1,110	1,010	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,590	800	785	50	25	25
Tunisia	255	135	125	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	6,870	3,400	3,470	210	110	95
Asia	137,110	65,055	72,050	2,010	1,010	1,005
Afghanistan	810	435	375	10	0	10
Bangladesh	1,355	635	715	50	30	25
China^{Census data footnote 59}	10,525	4,700	5,825	275	130	145
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	750	305	450	0	0	0
India	28,820	14,915	13,900	175	100	75
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	3,265	1,665	1,600	35	15	20
Iraq	2,010	1,045	960	75	40	30
Israel	480	250	230	0	0	0
Japan	665	195	475	0	0	0
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	3,840	1,710	2,125	15	0	10
Lebanon	1,470	755	710	25	20	0
Nepal	2,615	1,380	1,240	55	30	30
Pakistan	6,910	3,420	3,490	95	60	30
Philippines	59,390	26,960	32,435	595	270	330
Saudi Arabia	820	435	385	35	25	15
Sri Lanka	1,345	650	695	60	30	30
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	3,340	1,705	1,630	300	135	165
Taiwan	505	165	340	0	10	10
Turkey	390	215	180	10	10	0
United Arab Emirates	810	430	375	30	15	15
Viet Nam	2,040	795	1,240	0	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	4,965	2,285	2,680	155	100	60
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	1,980	1,135	845	35	15	20
Australia	1,065	600	465	20	10	10
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	915	535	375	15	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,650	512,250	250,910	261,340
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	938,500	460,015	478,480	16,840	8,935	7,900
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	742,455	374,065	368,390	13,820	6,900	6,920
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,297,195	1,164,420	1,132,775	481,595	235,080	246,515
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	694,945	337,380	357,565	8,805	4,565	4,245
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	387,275	195,845	191,430	4,930	2,655	2,270
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	154,700	96,855	57,850	2,260	1,535	725
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	232,570	98,990	133,575	2,670	1,125	1,545
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	198,575	81,650	116,920	2,355	1,115	1,240
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	103,785	57,130	46,650	1,485	770	720
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	5,320	2,745	2,570	35	20	15
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,650	512,255	250,910	261,340
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	258,640	125,445	133,195	45,730	22,105	23,625
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	253,460	123,115	130,340	42,615	20,515	22,100
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	136,585	65,755	70,835	28,375	13,615	14,760
Métis	114,370	56,170	58,200	7,790	3,790	4,000
Inuk (Inuit)	2,500	1,195	1,305	6,450	3,110	3,335
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	2,905	1,350	1,555	555	305	255
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	2,280	975	1,300	2,560	1,280	1,275
Non-Aboriginal identity	3,719,505	1,873,055	1,846,450	466,525	228,810	237,710
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	512,250	250,910	261,340
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	123,235	59,065	64,170	21,155	10,170	10,990
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	3,854,915	1,939,430	1,915,475	491,095	240,745	250,355
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	3,978,145	1,998,500	1,979,645	512,250	250,910	261,340
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	103,600	50,680	52,915	18,965	9,340	9,630
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	99,940	48,860	51,070	18,210	8,950	9,260
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	81,685	39,815	41,870	12,185	5,935	6,255
Métis single ancestry	17,515	8,690	8,820	2,440	1,255	1,185
Inuit single ancestry	735	355	380	3,585	1,760	1,820
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	3,665	1,820	1,845	760	385	370
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	3,490	1,725	1,765	75	30	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	105	55	50	225	110	115
Métis and Inuit ancestries	50	35	15	415	230	180
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	20	0	15	45	20	25
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	200,215	97,055	103,160	39,585	18,825	20,760
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	189,830	92,295	97,530	37,850	18,000	19,850
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	104,875	50,595	54,280	30,420	14,410	16,005
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	82,585	40,530	42,060	3,655	1,800	1,860
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	2,365	1,170	1,195	3,775	1,785	1,990
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	10,385	4,760	5,625	1,730	825	910
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	9,760	4,465	5,295	500	215	285
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	310	155	155	510	245	260
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	270	110	160	670	340	335
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	40	25	20	55	20	35
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	3,674,330	1,850,760	1,823,570	453,700	222,750	230,950
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	3,978,145	1,998,495	1,979,645	512,250	250,915	261,340
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	933,165	461,460	471,705	11,810	6,145	5,665
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	230,930	118,535	112,390	2,645	1,540	1,100
Chinese	158,200	77,035	81,165	2,325	1,265	1,065
Black	129,390	66,960	62,440	2,355	1,205	1,150
Filipino	166,195	74,770	91,425	1,390	550	835
Latin American	55,090	27,560	27,525	635	305	330
Arab	56,700	30,245	26,450	1,375	760	620
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	43,985	21,025	22,960	340	190	150
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	20,980	11,010	9,965	220	90	125
Korean	21,275	10,130	11,145	80	30	45
Japanese	12,165	5,495	6,670	60	30	35
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	9,900	4,700	5,205	150	65	80
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	28,360	13,985	14,375	255	120	135
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,044,980	1,537,040	1,507,940	500,440	244,765	255,675
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	3,978,150	1,998,500	1,979,645	512,250	250,910	261,340
North American Aboriginal origins	303,815	147,735	156,075	58,550	28,165	30,385
First Nations (North American Indian)	200,290	96,845	103,445	44,015	20,995	23,025
Inuit	3,900	1,915	1,985	9,270	4,515	4,750
Métis	113,735	55,590	58,150	7,855	3,910	3,950
Other North American origins	955,040	486,735	468,305	280,640	137,030	143,610
Acadian	5,545	2,970	2,570	490	235	255
American	72,355	35,480	36,875	1,890	960	930
Canadian	902,315	460,335	441,975	276,130	134,745	141,390
New Brunswicker	50	35	15	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	1,985	1,135	850	4,080	2,090	1,990
Nova Scotian	190	115	70	30	15	15
Ontarian	110	65	45	20	0	15
Québécois	1,380	750	630	100	60	40
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	415	210	205	10	10	10
European origins	2,580,720	1,292,280	1,288,440	274,460	134,070	140,390
British Isles origins	1,581,265	787,205	794,060	259,460	126,485	132,980
Channel Islander	225	115	115	85	40	45
Cornish	210	90	115	35	15	15
English	899,440	444,010	455,440	191,855	93,405	98,450
Irish	596,750	288,710	308,040	106,225	51,035	55,190
Manx	945	450	495	50	35	20
Scottish	704,205	347,740	356,460	34,650	16,580	18,075
Welsh	80,455	38,715	41,740	4,380	2,155	2,225
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	90,865	44,055	46,815	6,025	2,845	3,180
French origins	411,560	201,160	210,395	26,845	12,685	14,155
Alsatian	200	120	80	0	0	10
Breton	60	25	35	10	0	0
Corsican	125	65	70	0	0	0
French	411,315	201,030	210,290	26,835	12,680	14,150
Western European origins (except French origins)	915,185	455,115	460,065	11,045	5,440	5,605
Austrian	39,530	19,225	20,305	360	160	205
Bavarian	110	60	55	20	15	10
Belgian	21,210	10,320	10,890	195	95	105
Dutch	195,720	97,735	97,990	2,150	1,030	1,120
Flemish	2,005	870	1,140	55	25	25
Frisian	685	380	305	0	0	0
German	712,955	353,755	359,195	8,620	4,270	4,355
Luxembourger	680	355	320	0	0	0
Swiss	24,310	11,905	12,410	245	140	110
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	830	390	440	25	0	20
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	329,990	159,695	170,295	3,940	1,885	2,055
Danish	60,380	29,240	31,135	685	345	340
Finnish	17,755	8,780	8,975	240	95	150
Icelandic	20,225	10,050	10,175	190	100	90
Norwegian	156,595	75,160	81,430	1,710	845	870
Swedish	97,840	46,445	51,385	995	405	585
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	13,515	7,005	6,505	320	185	140
Eastern European origins	685,270	336,430	348,845	4,230	2,055	2,175
Bulgarian	2,935	1,510	1,425	80	40	40
Byelorussian	2,200	1,165	1,035	35	15	15
Czech	20,865	10,405	10,460	180	100	80
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	10,055	4,800	5,255	55	15	45
Estonian	2,715	1,240	1,470	35	20	15
Hungarian	56,270	27,385	28,885	415	175	240
Latvian	3,245	1,585	1,660	70	45	25
Lithuanian	6,090	2,915	3,175	110	45	65
Moldovan	1,585	790	790	0	0	0
Polish	186,510	91,115	95,395	1,540	735	805
Romanian	34,230	16,520	17,710	180	85	100
Russian	107,800	51,840	55,960	910	480	430
Slovak	11,010	5,495	5,515	65	25	45
Ukrainian	369,090	181,600	187,490	1,350	700	650
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	1,910	1,015	895	80	35	50
Southern European origins	215,725	107,495	108,230	4,765	2,320	2,450
Albanian	2,935	1,555	1,385	45	20	30
Bosnian	3,870	1,985	1,890	45	30	20
Catalan	85	55	25	10	0	10
Croatian	14,220	7,535	6,690	160	90	75
Cypriot	160	90	70	20	10	0
Greek	15,025	7,790	7,235	380	220	165
Italian	101,265	50,975	50,285	1,715	875	840
Kosovar	420	210	210	0	0	0
Macedonian	1,015	485	535	20	0	20
Maltese	1,560	845	715	135	80	50
Montenegrin	290	185	105	10	10	0
Portuguese	22,385	11,395	10,985	1,215	595	615
Serbian	7,755	3,875	3,875	55	40	15
Sicilian	330	160	170	10	0	10
Slovenian	3,885	2,010	1,875	15	0	10
Spanish	48,055	22,225	25,835	1,105	475	635
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	5,120	2,495	2,625	35	10	25
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	245	120	125	20	10	10
Other European origins	22,805	11,700	11,105	1,065	550	520
Basque	425	210	215	65	45	20
Jewish	9,780	4,890	4,885	285	140	140
Roma (Gypsy)	465	220	245	100	55	45
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	995	505	490	0	0	10
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	11,255	5,940	5,310	615	315	305
Caribbean origins	36,120	18,050	18,070	885	455	430
Antiguan	455	265	190	10	10	0
Bahamian	310	180	130	10	10	0
Barbadian	2,065	980	1,080	95	55	40
Bermudan	210	120	90	25	10	20
Carib	135	45	85	0	0	0
Cuban	2,175	1,110	1,060	140	85	55
Dominican	930	530	395	25	20	0
Grenadian	595	300	295	0	0	0
Guadeloupean	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian	2,235	1,210	1,025	25	10	10
Jamaican	17,325	8,540	8,785	395	185	210
Kittitian/Nevisian	95	65	30	0	0	0
Martinican	10	0	0	0	0	0
Montserratan	30	10	25	0	0	0
Puerto Rican	460	225	240	10	10	0
St. Lucian	595	295	300	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	5,180	2,685	2,490	100	50	50
Vincentian/Grenadinian	535	215	325	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	2,670	1,275	1,395	60	20	40
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	2,305	1,110	1,200	40	20	25
Latin, Central and South American origins	78,405	39,030	39,375	925	410	520
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	1,980	965	1,015	10	0	10
Arawak	105	30	70	0	0	0
Argentinian	1,385	705	680	70	40	35
Belizean	445	250	190	10	0	10
Bolivian	590	305	285	25	15	10
Brazilian	3,030	1,330	1,700	45	20	25
Chilean	8,105	4,115	3,990	25	10	20
Colombian	12,585	6,060	6,525	160	80	80
Costa Rican	575	270	305	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	890	405	485	55	30	30
Guatemalan	2,395	1,270	1,120	40	15	25
Guyanese	3,095	1,545	1,555	55	35	25
Hispanic	1,785	905	885	50	25	30
Honduran	760	405	355	25	0	20
Maya	580	310	275	30	15	20
Mexican	22,475	11,430	11,045	245	90	150
Nicaraguan	1,675	825	855	20	10	15
Panamanian	320	150	170	0	0	0
Paraguayan	340	155	190	0	0	0
Peruvian	2,740	1,245	1,495	30	10	15
Salvadorean	8,810	4,545	4,270	15	10	0
Uruguayan	315	180	135	0	0	0
Venezuelan	4,690	2,295	2,390	75	45	30
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	3,430	1,735	1,695	75	25	45
African origins	136,510	70,620	65,885	2,705	1,470	1,240
Central and West African origins	33,170	17,430	15,735	750	430	320
Akan	130	80	50	0	10	0
Angolan	295	155	140	0	0	0
Ashanti	130	70	55	10	10	0
Beninese	200	90	105	0	0	0
Burkinabe	100	50	50	0	0	0
Cameroonian	2,040	1,010	1,035	35	15	25
Chadian	75	55	20	0	0	0
Congolese	4,095	2,100	1,990	130	80	55
Edo	555	320	235	0	0	0
Ewe	125	70	55	0	0	0
Gabonese	25	10	20	0	0	0
Gambian	110	60	50	0	0	0
Ghanaian	4,470	2,365	2,100	65	40	20
Guinean	455	235	215	0	0	0
Ibo	1,760	935	825	20	20	0
Ivorian	655	355	295	15	10	10
Liberian	1,040	495	540	15	0	10
Malian	70	45	25	0	10	0
Malinké	95	55	45	0	0	0
Nigerian	13,010	6,815	6,200	360	190	170
Peulh	105	70	35	0	0	0
Senegalese	575	370	205	0	0	0
Sierra Leonean	740	395	345	0	0	10
Togolese	150	70	80	10	0	0
Wolof	70	45	25	0	0	0
Yoruba	2,990	1,600	1,385	80	65	10
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	1,865	985	875	30	25	10
North African origins	23,235	12,305	10,935	630	380	250
Algerian	1,620	805	815	20	20	10
Berber	685	415	270	25	10	10
Coptic	225	115	110	0	0	0
Dinka	565	320	250	0	0	0
Egyptian	8,525	4,515	4,010	320	185	135
Libyan	1,300	665	635	165	85	75
Maure	95	70	25	0	0	0
Moroccan	2,510	1,380	1,130	40	35	10
Sudanese	7,070	3,695	3,375	75	60	20
Tunisian	940	480	455	0	0	0
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	575	315	260	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins	56,560	29,285	27,275	610	340	270
Afrikaner	315	155	160	0	0	0
Amhara	450	240	215	10	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	700	395	310	0	0	0
Burundian	975	555	420	25	15	10
Djiboutian	170	90	75	0	0	0
Eritrean	7,960	4,250	3,715	55	25	25
Ethiopian	13,225	6,710	6,510	70	45	25
Harari	165	85	80	0	0	0
Kenyan	2,175	1,035	1,140	10	10	0
Malagasy	125	55	70	0	0	0
Mauritian	550	310	235	20	10	10
Oromo	1,355	765	595	10	0	0
Rwandan	1,420	745	675	0	0	0
Seychellois	35	25	10	20	10	10
Somali	14,100	7,315	6,790	30	15	15
South African	6,635	3,310	3,320	120	75	50
Tanzanian	1,030	525	505	40	35	0
Tigrian	700	380	320	0	0	0
Ugandan	1,155	645	510	55	30	30
Zambian	265	155	110	35	25	10
Zimbabwean	2,590	1,300	1,285	110	40	70
Zulu	295	135	160	0	0	0
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	3,875	2,010	1,870	65	25	40
Other African origins	26,150	12,995	13,155	805	365	435
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,525	1,220	1,305	65	35	30
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	23,960	11,950	12,010	755	345	415
Asian origins	756,335	370,390	385,945	10,095	5,240	4,850
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	97,355	51,035	46,315	2,660	1,365	1,295
Afghan	8,540	4,545	3,995	10	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	10,470	5,690	4,780	355	200	160
Armenian	1,780	865	910	55	20	30
Assyrian	560	300	255	0	10	0
Azerbaijani	615	280	335	10	0	10
Georgian	400	230	165	0	0	0
Hazara	365	190	170	0	0	0
Iranian	13,925	7,220	6,705	215	110	110
Iraqi	6,165	3,250	2,915	265	145	115
Israeli	1,565	830	740	0	0	0
Jordanian	1,325	670	655	135	80	50
Kazakh	565	260	310	15	0	10
Kurd	2,040	1,160	880	10	0	0
Kuwaiti	185	110	80	15	0	10
Kyrgyz	200	110	90	0	0	0
Lebanese	32,365	16,835	15,525	995	465	530
Palestinian	4,880	2,675	2,210	95	60	35
Pashtun	645	305	345	0	0	0
Saudi Arabian	390	205	180	35	20	15
Syrian	7,215	3,605	3,610	335	170	165
Tajik	265	160	105	60	15	40
Tatar	530	215	315	0	0	0
Turk	5,745	3,155	2,595	100	75	25
Turkmen	105	55	50	10	0	0
Uighur	270	125	140	0	0	0
Uzbek	485	225	260	20	10	0
Yemeni	930	440	485	0	0	0
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,445	1,305	1,140	40	20	20
South Asian origins	231,550	118,855	112,695	2,740	1,570	1,175
Bangladeshi	4,155	2,085	2,070	240	155	85
Bengali	1,660	870	790	60	35	25
Bhutanese	815	410	400	50	40	10
East Indian	174,510	89,140	85,370	1,820	1,020	805
Goan	495	265	225	0	0	0
Gujarati	855	445	410	0	0	0
Kashmiri	720	355	365	0	0	0
Nepali	4,600	2,490	2,110	95	60	40
Pakistani	29,265	15,075	14,190	335	215	120
Punjabi	15,645	8,230	7,420	40	25	20
Sinhalese	750	400	355	10	0	0
Sri Lankan	5,585	2,885	2,695	120	65	55
Tamil	1,050	565	485	55	35	20
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	4,845	2,500	2,335	90	25	60
East and Southeast Asian origins	431,135	202,400	228,735	4,735	2,315	2,420
Burmese	1,270	650	615	35	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	4,260	2,245	2,015	25	20	0
Chinese	188,280	90,735	97,545	2,700	1,435	1,265
Filipino	175,130	79,150	95,975	1,525	615	910
Hmong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	3,005	1,425	1,575	70	35	35
Japanese	16,595	7,510	9,085	100	35	70
Karen	740	390	345	35	25	10
Korean	22,410	10,655	11,755	100	35	60
Laotian	2,050	1,020	1,030	25	10	20
Malaysian	2,970	1,340	1,630	120	70	50
Mongolian	1,565	725	835	10	10	10
Singaporean	370	180	190	0	0	0
Taiwanese	1,995	855	1,140	30	20	10
Thai	2,735	980	1,750	65	35	30
Tibetan	965	500	465	15	10	0
Vietnamese	36,780	17,720	19,060	75	40	35
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	735	385	345	10	0	0
Other Asian origins	3,115	1,580	1,530	45	30	15
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	3,115	1,585	1,530	45	30	15
Oceania origins	15,500	7,825	7,680	240	115	125
Australian	7,785	3,975	3,810	165	75	85
New Zealander	2,905	1,535	1,370	25	15	10
Pacific Islands origins	5,150	2,510	2,635	45	20	25
Fijian	3,325	1,580	1,745	0	0	10
Hawaiian	425	190	235	10	0	0
Maori	640	325	320	0	0	0
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	205	105	95	10	0	10
Samoan	280	180	100	10	10	0
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	375	195	180	15	10	0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,527,680	...	...	218,670	...	...
Owner	1,105,795	...	...	167,700	...	...
Renter	412,150	...	...	50,530	...	...
Band housing	9,730	...	...	445	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,527,675	...	...	218,675	...	...
Condominium	256,015	...	...	4,630	...	...
Not condominium	1,271,660	...	...	214,045	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,527,680	...	...	218,675	...	...
No bedrooms	5,440	...	...	230	...	...
1 bedroom	139,820	...	...	11,785	...	...
2 bedrooms	322,370	...	...	48,445	...	...
3 bedrooms	540,505	...	...	102,580	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	519,545	...	...	55,630	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,527,680	...	...	218,675	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	358,650	...	...	32,240	...	...
5 rooms	238,870	...	...	34,295	...	...
6 rooms	224,335	...	...	39,180	...	...
7 rooms	201,560	...	...	34,060	...	...
8 or more rooms	504,270	...	...	78,895	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,527,675	...	...	218,675	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,494,875	...	...	217,795	...	...
More than 1 person per room	32,805	...	...	880	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,527,675	...	...	218,675	...	...
Suitable	1,458,550	...	...	214,690	...	...
Not suitable	69,125	...	...	3,985	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,527,680	...	...	218,675	...	...
1960 or before	177,780	...	...	43,255	...	...
1961 to 1980	439,505	...	...	71,280	...	...
1981 to 1990	193,360	...	...	34,040	...	...
1991 to 2000	216,410	...	...	25,375	...	...
2001 to 2005	157,420	...	...	12,395	...	...
2006 to 2010	180,645	...	...	16,210	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	162,560	...	...	16,120	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,527,680	...	...	218,675	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,440,440	...	...	204,465	...	...
Major repairs needed	87,240	...	...	14,210	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,527,680	...	...	218,675	...	...
1 household maintainer	873,125	...	...	128,070	...	...
2 household maintainers	605,830	...	...	87,205	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	48,725	...	...	3,400	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,527,680	...	...	218,670	...	...
15 to 24 years	53,955	...	...	5,730	...	...
25 to 34 years	281,820	...	...	25,840	...	...
35 to 44 years	307,930	...	...	33,600	...	...
45 to 54 years	310,435	...	...	44,480	...	...
55 to 64 years	288,480	...	...	47,380	...	...
65 to 74 years	169,505	...	...	38,295	...	...
75 to 84 years	86,970	...	...	18,275	...	...
85 years and over	28,585	...	...	5,080	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,479,270	...	...	217,560	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,170,780	...	...	180,060	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	308,485	...	...	37,505	...	...
30% to less than 100%	268,795	...	...	33,880	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,075,465	...	...	167,335	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	65.2	...	...	49.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	15.1	...	...	10.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,481	...	...	743	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,531	...	...	984	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	400,104	...	...	219,228	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	449,790	...	...	243,157	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	410,225	...	...	50,415	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	10.4	...	...	22.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	36.0	...	...	39.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,243	...	...	802	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,279	...	...	836	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	437,935	212,785	225,155
No certificate, diploma or degree	540,665	284,020	256,640	102,665	51,170	51,495
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	895,885	440,665	455,220	109,480	50,205	59,275
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,769,500	878,130	891,375	225,790	111,405	114,380
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	309,465	242,160	67,305	49,435	36,325	13,110
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	94,735	56,255	38,480	24,305	14,660	9,645
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	214,730	185,905	28,825	25,130	21,665	3,460
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	615,480	250,590	364,895	101,250	42,910	58,340
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	94,620	36,875	57,750	10,400	4,280	6,125
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	749,930	348,510	401,425	64,700	27,900	36,800
Bachelor's degree	530,085	235,610	294,470	42,850	17,810	25,040
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	39,955	18,075	21,880	2,995	1,395	1,605
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	21,850	11,810	10,045	1,790	1,055	735
Master's degree	133,265	67,215	66,055	14,820	6,180	8,640
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	24,770	15,805	8,965	2,250	1,465	785
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795	287,880	139,650	148,230
No certificate, diploma or degree	244,755	136,085	108,675	45,170	23,965	21,205
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	569,435	283,290	286,145	65,210	30,300	34,910
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,443,635	711,655	731,975	177,495	85,380	92,115
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	238,220	189,180	49,035	36,075	26,475	9,605
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	69,415	42,445	26,970	18,045	10,900	7,145
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	168,805	146,740	22,065	18,030	15,580	2,455
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	496,375	203,350	293,020	81,955	34,175	47,780
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	73,315	29,315	44,005	6,680	2,970	3,710
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	635,730	289,810	345,920	52,785	21,760	31,025
Bachelor's degree	448,235	197,045	251,195	34,555	13,960	20,595
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	32,095	14,155	17,940	2,410	1,070	1,340
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	18,855	9,505	9,350	1,515	810	700
Master's degree	116,975	57,230	59,740	12,610	4,860	7,755
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	19,570	11,875	7,695	1,705	1,060	645
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	437,935	212,780	225,150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,436,545	724,680	711,865	212,145	101,375	110,770
Education	121,930	29,000	92,930	19,040	5,665	13,375
13. Education	121,930	29,000	92,930	19,035	5,665	13,375
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	49,660	20,960	28,705	3,660	1,705	1,950
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	9,130	6,305	2,820	760	590	170
50. Visual and performing arts	40,535	14,650	25,885	2,900	1,115	1,785
Humanities	69,305	27,480	41,830	7,180	2,965	4,220
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	6,790	1,620	5,170	470	125	350
23. English language and literature/letters	15,110	4,270	10,840	1,735	610	1,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20,660	7,275	13,390	1,675	540	1,135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	225	105	125	70	45	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,890	2,750	2,140	595	315	280
39. Theology and religious vocations	11,435	6,560	4,865	1,325	740	585
54. History	8,600	4,560	4,045	870	490	380
55. French language and literature/letters	1,595	345	1,250	440	95	340
Social and behavioural sciences and law	159,735	51,705	108,030	13,825	4,140	9,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,345	470	1,875	315	95	215
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	17,180	6,320	10,865	850	320	535
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	28,750	2,185	26,570	3,695	280	3,410
22. Legal professions and studies	29,000	9,355	19,645	1,930	595	1,345
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	2,190	605	1,580	170	40	130
42. Psychology	27,275	6,765	20,515	2,340	595	1,745
45. Social sciences	52,985	26,000	26,985	4,515	2,220	2,300
Business, management and public administration	361,530	133,045	228,485	47,775	11,015	36,760
30.16 Accounting and computer science	670	155	520	150	30	125
44. Public administration and social service professions	21,565	4,015	17,555	2,725	510	2,220
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	339,295	128,885	210,410	44,900	10,480	34,420
Physical and life sciences and technologies	72,850	38,330	34,525	5,570	2,930	2,645
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25,850	10,955	14,895	2,225	960	1,265
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15,410	7,270	8,145	1,280	650	635
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	555	170	385	130	55	80
40. Physical sciences	26,130	17,875	8,255	1,665	1,190	475
41. Science technologies/technicians	4,900	2,055	2,845	270	75	190
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60,830	37,710	23,120	8,305	4,255	4,055
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	48,975	32,855	16,125	7,085	3,705	3,380
25. Library science	4,295	515	3,780	475	70	400
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,050	4,020	3,035	690	420	265
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	515	330	185	60	50	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	463,185	415,665	47,520	61,025	55,930	5,095
04. Architecture and related services	11,325	7,140	4,190	275	200	75
14. Engineering	110,345	89,275	21,070	6,685	5,515	1,175
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	84,800	72,145	12,655	12,325	10,200	2,130
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	60	10	50	20	10	15
46. Construction trades	100,370	96,810	3,560	19,465	18,750	720
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	103,880	100,100	3,785	14,775	14,250	520
48. Precision production	52,400	50,195	2,205	7,480	7,015	465
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	44,270	27,245	17,025	3,630	2,395	1,240
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	28,440	17,860	10,580	1,170	620	555
03. Natural resources and conservation	15,830	9,390	6,445	2,465	1,780	685
Health and related fields	270,920	51,220	219,700	32,275	5,370	26,905
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	19,300	9,110	10,195	1,585	880	705
51. Health professions and related programs	245,265	38,460	206,810	30,030	4,130	25,900
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,350	3,650	2,695	655	355	295
Personal, protective and transportation services	95,140	45,720	49,415	23,495	15,050	8,450
12. Personal and culinary services	57,285	14,985	42,305	9,540	2,345	7,185
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	250	230	20	15	15	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	740	655	85	175	150	20
43. Security and protective services	16,985	11,590	5,400	2,285	1,735	545
49. Transportation and materials moving	19,880	18,270	1,610	11,490	10,795	695
Other	150	60	95	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	145	60	95	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,257,820	1,131,025	1,126,795	287,880	139,650	148,230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	814,190	419,370	394,820	110,380	54,270	56,115
Education	91,020	19,920	71,105	12,575	3,380	9,200
13. Education	91,025	19,920	71,100	12,580	3,380	9,195
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40,255	16,670	23,585	2,940	1,310	1,635
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,095	4,810	2,285	510	355	155
50. Visual and performing arts	33,155	11,860	21,300	2,430	955	1,480
Humanities	55,985	21,840	34,145	5,105	2,045	3,055
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	5,690	1,310	4,380	360	80	275
23. English language and literature/letters	12,345	3,425	8,920	1,260	420	840
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	17,320	6,020	11,300	1,185	390	790
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	200	95	100	65	45	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,930	2,205	1,725	415	215	195
39. Theology and religious vocations	8,500	4,960	3,545	835	475	355
54. History	6,855	3,565	3,285	675	365	315
55. French language and literature/letters	1,140	245	895	320	60	260
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,545	42,855	92,685	11,820	3,365	8,450
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	2,025	425	1,600	260	75	190
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	14,880	5,360	9,520	710	245	465
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	23,730	1,770	21,960	3,175	250	2,920
22. Legal professions and studies	25,095	7,395	17,705	1,675	450	1,225
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	1,790	530	1,255	130	30	100
42. Psychology	22,460	5,290	17,170	1,945	455	1,495
45. Social sciences	45,565	22,095	23,465	3,925	1,865	2,060
Business, management and public administration	301,995	110,825	191,170	39,285	8,560	30,725
30.16 Accounting and computer science	560	135	420	125	25	100
44. Public administration and social service professions	18,035	3,130	14,910	2,295	370	1,925
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	283,400	107,560	175,840	36,865	8,160	28,705
Physical and life sciences and technologies	58,120	29,655	28,465	4,275	2,175	2,100
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20,925	8,620	12,310	1,665	665	1,005
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	12,175	5,740	6,435	1,020	515	510
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	460	155	305	75	35	40
40. Physical sciences	20,785	13,645	7,140	1,320	900	425
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,775	1,500	2,270	190	60	125
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	53,975	33,590	20,385	7,640	3,965	3,675
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	44,735	29,980	14,750	6,670	3,510	3,165
25. Library science	3,400	440	2,965	345	65	285
27. Mathematics and statistics	5,420	2,915	2,500	560	340	220
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	420	255	165	55	50	0
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	376,875	335,210	41,670	46,125	42,065	4,060
04. Architecture and related services	9,335	5,630	3,710	230	165	65
14. Engineering	95,005	75,840	19,170	5,500	4,465	1,030
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	69,300	58,610	10,690	9,790	8,085	1,705
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	55	10	50	15	0	15
46. Construction trades	80,455	77,430	3,020	14,430	13,915	510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	81,470	78,290	3,180	10,765	10,340	420
48. Precision production	41,255	39,405	1,850	5,400	5,090	310
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35,820	21,060	14,760	3,025	1,945	1,085
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	21,990	12,970	9,025	930	460	475
03. Natural resources and conservation	13,825	8,090	5,740	2,095	1,485	610
Health and related fields	217,640	42,225	175,410	25,620	4,275	21,350
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	15,955	7,530	8,425	1,265	730	530
51. Health professions and related programs	196,250	31,775	164,475	23,810	3,275	20,540
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	5,435	2,925	2,505	545	265	275
Personal, protective and transportation services	76,300	37,755	38,540	19,080	12,300	6,785
12. Personal and culinary services	44,755	12,085	32,670	7,705	1,895	5,815
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	190	170	20	10	15	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	460	410	50	160	130	25
43. Security and protective services	14,100	9,595	4,505	1,885	1,440	445
49. Transportation and materials moving	16,795	15,490	1,305	9,330	8,825	505
Other	115	55	60	0	0	0
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	110	55	60	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,206,045	1,602,810	1,603,235	437,935	212,785	225,150
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,436,545	724,685	711,865	212,145	101,375	110,775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,769,505	878,130	891,370	225,790	111,405	114,380
Location of study inside Canada	1,424,855	709,950	714,905	217,745	107,100	110,645
Same as province or territory of residence	1,064,560	530,135	534,430	188,225	92,155	96,070
Different than province or territory of residence	360,290	179,815	180,475	29,520	14,945	14,575
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	344,645	168,180	176,465	8,045	4,305	3,735
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	45,690	25,545	20,145	2,175	1,205	965
Philippines	68,760	26,480	42,280	820	305	515
India	41,560	21,025	20,535	405	230	180
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	28,630	16,255	12,370	1,495	905	585
China^{Census data footnote 162}	18,850	8,805	10,050	335	190	140
France	2,150	1,275	875	125	65	60
Other	139,010	68,800	70,210	2,695	1,410	1,285
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,257,820	1,131,030	1,126,795	287,880	139,650	148,230
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	814,190	419,375	394,820	110,380	54,270	56,115
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,443,630	711,655	731,980	177,500	85,380	92,115
Location of study inside Canada	1,150,780	572,180	578,595	171,300	82,140	89,165
Same as province or territory of residence	857,370	426,365	431,010	147,040	70,500	76,540
Different than province or territory of residence	293,410	145,820	147,590	24,265	11,635	12,630
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	292,850	139,470	153,380	6,195	3,245	2,955
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	34,655	18,640	16,015	1,375	725	650
Philippines	64,000	24,435	39,565	765	295	470
India	37,240	18,505	18,740	360	195	165
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	20,065	11,390	8,675	1,010	645	370
China^{Census data footnote 162}	16,600	7,630	8,965	285	165	125
France	1,870	1,105	765	110	55	55
Other	118,425	57,770	60,655	2,285	1,160	1,125
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	437,935	212,785	225,150
In the labour force	2,302,945	1,238,280	1,064,655	256,855	133,110	123,745
Employed	2,096,105	1,114,360	981,745	216,705	108,395	108,310
Unemployed	206,835	123,925	82,910	40,150	24,715	15,440
Not in the labour force	903,105	364,525	538,580	181,080	79,675	101,405
Participation rate	71.8	77.3	66.4	58.7	62.6	55.0
Employment rate	65.4	69.5	61.2	49.5	50.9	48.1
Unemployment rate	9.0	10.0	7.8	15.6	18.6	12.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	3,206,050	1,602,810	1,603,235	437,935	212,785	225,150
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	806,150	318,845	487,310	158,915	67,920	90,995
Worked	2,399,895	1,283,965	1,115,930	279,020	144,865	134,155
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,193,860	698,530	495,330	128,865	66,480	62,385
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,206,035	585,430	620,595	150,155	78,385	71,770
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.1	41.7	38.9	38.3	39.5
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,302,940	1,238,285	1,064,660	256,855	133,110	123,745
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,005	18,650	21,360	5,055	2,700	2,350
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300	251,795	130,405	121,395
Employee	1,984,225	1,042,630	941,595	236,110	120,790	115,315
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	278,710	177,010	101,705	15,690	9,615	6,075
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660	256,855	133,110	123,745
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,010	18,645	21,360	5,055	2,705	2,350
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,635	1,043,300	251,800	130,405	121,390
0 Management occupations	261,505	167,260	94,245	20,870	11,930	8,940
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	353,965	95,685	258,280	32,115	8,130	23,985
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	175,025	136,240	38,795	16,780	13,320	3,460
3 Health occupations	150,415	28,130	122,290	18,865	3,190	15,675
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	228,325	74,105	154,220	32,515	8,935	23,585
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	50,170	19,960	30,210	4,830	2,045	2,790
6 Sales and service occupations	491,495	204,245	287,255	56,205	21,550	34,650
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	406,495	376,375	30,120	47,890	45,235	2,655
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	72,465	59,465	13,000	11,845	9,800	2,045
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	73,070	58,170	14,895	9,885	6,270	3,615
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,302,940	1,238,280	1,064,660	256,855	133,110	123,745
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	40,005	18,650	21,360	5,055	2,705	2,355
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,262,935	1,219,630	1,043,305	251,800	130,405	121,395
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	64,035	43,045	20,990	8,720	6,635	2,085
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	142,490	109,105	33,390	9,780	8,190	1,595
22 Utilities	21,940	15,345	6,595	2,695	2,065	625
23 Construction	236,370	201,640	34,730	27,360	24,470	2,885
31-33 Manufacturing	127,535	96,045	31,490	16,735	11,520	5,215
41 Wholesale trade	80,610	56,840	23,775	5,640	4,065	1,580
44-45 Retail trade	249,880	115,065	134,810	31,755	13,635	18,125
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	115,295	83,675	31,620	12,235	9,105	3,125
51 Information and cultural industries	33,045	18,625	14,420	3,690	1,975	1,715
52 Finance and insurance	69,225	25,230	43,995	5,255	1,585	3,675
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	41,520	23,075	18,450	2,520	1,515	1,005
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	167,800	94,565	73,240	10,885	6,005	4,885
55 Management of companies and enterprises	5,560	2,760	2,795	200	115	90
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	87,350	49,595	37,760	7,375	4,150	3,230
61 Educational services	147,270	44,160	103,110	17,800	6,130	11,670
62 Health care and social assistance	245,875	41,235	204,645	37,130	6,040	31,090
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	44,880	21,550	23,335	3,595	1,885	1,720
72 Accommodation and food services	153,790	62,220	91,570	17,660	6,285	11,370
81 Other services (except public administration)	105,865	50,455	55,405	10,565	4,680	5,890
91 Public administration	122,595	65,420	57,175	20,190	10,365	9,825
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,096,110	1,114,360	981,745	216,705	108,390	108,310
Worked at home	162,465	77,935	84,530	9,965	4,315	5,655
Worked outside Canada	6,270	4,715	1,555	650	530	120
No fixed workplace address	307,065	236,995	70,070	26,135	20,220	5,910
Worked at usual place	1,620,310	794,720	825,595	179,955	83,330	96,625
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,620,310	794,720	825,595	179,955	83,335	96,625
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,186,170	554,850	631,330	96,140	41,420	54,720
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	358,010	190,730	167,280	71,710	33,265	38,445
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	64,360	41,925	22,435	8,615	5,795	2,820
Commute to a different province or territory	11,770	7,210	4,560	3,495	2,850	645
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	206,085	103,555	102,540
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,497,440	832,890	664,545	167,405	83,525	83,875
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	99,635	40,215	59,420	16,255	6,690	9,565
Public transit	194,560	88,325	106,235	5,185	3,340	1,845
Walked	85,805	38,030	47,775	10,010	4,405	5,605
Bicycle	21,925	14,685	7,240	315	260	55
Other method	28,015	17,560	10,455	6,925	5,330	1,595
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	206,090	103,555	102,540
Less than 15 minutes	519,085	237,105	281,980	95,355	42,345	53,015
15 to 29 minutes	706,940	377,165	329,780	68,435	34,355	34,085
30 to 44 minutes	422,070	243,905	178,165	20,960	11,500	9,460
45 to 59 minutes	148,620	86,485	62,135	6,490	3,755	2,730
60 minutes and over	130,665	87,060	43,605	14,850	11,605	3,245
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	1,927,375	1,031,710	895,665	206,090	103,555	102,540
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	145,660	107,460	38,200	11,825	9,160	2,665
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	395,425	254,225	141,200	25,555	17,110	8,450
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	567,530	297,825	269,705	64,365	33,725	30,635
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	347,270	147,425	199,845	54,780	20,795	33,990
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	188,660	77,175	111,490	19,175	6,340	12,830
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	282,820	147,600	135,225	30,390	16,420	13,970
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,090	286,035	148,060	137,975
Single responses	2,446,600	1,304,240	1,142,360	285,380	147,830	137,555
Official languages	2,425,545	1,292,940	1,132,610	284,750	147,500	137,250
English	2,418,990	1,290,870	1,128,120	283,805	147,190	136,610
French	6,560	2,070	4,490	945	310	640
Non-official languages	21,055	11,305	9,750	630	330	300
Aboriginal languages	1,000	550	450	440	205	230
Algonquian languages	670	355	315	415	200	215
Blackfoot	75	50	30	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	565	295	270	415	200	210
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	250	125	125
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	165	75	90
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	30	10	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	535	280	255	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	75	45	30	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	75	40	35	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	60	35	25	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	15	10	10	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	10	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	0	0	20	10	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	25	10	20
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	255	155	105	0	0	0
Dakota	15	10	10	0	0	0
Stoney	240	140	95	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	20,050	10,755	9,300	190	120	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	940	575	360	25	20	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	100	45	55	0	0	0
Bilen	10	0	10	0	0	0
Oromo	25	15	15	0	0	0
Somali	60	25	35	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	840	530	305	20	20	10
Amharic	85	50	35	0	0	0
Arabic	610	415	195	20	20	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	50	15	35	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	40	15	25	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,305	515	790	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,290	505	780	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	850	420	430	15	10	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	10	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	785	405	380	15	10	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	25	35	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tamil	35	15	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,280	4,855	3,425	35	25	10
Albanian	30	20	10	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	690	335	355	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	695	335	360	0	0	0
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0	0	0
Polish	220	135	85	0	0	0
Russian	275	120	160	0	0	0
Serbian	25	0	20	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	25	0	20	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	100	40	55	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,535	1,700	840	25	20	10
Afrikaans	30	10	20	0	0	0
Danish	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dutch	145	80	65	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	2,160	1,455	700	10	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10	10	10	0
Swedish	15	10	10	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	165	135	30	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,215	1,870	1,350	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	3,010	1,735	1,275	0	0	0
Bengali	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gujarati	75	15	60	0	0	0
Hindi	210	110	100	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	40	20	15	0	0	0
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,480	1,510	970	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0	0	0
Urdu	155	50	100	0	0	0
Iranian languages	200	130	70	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	15	15	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	175	105	70	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,780	920	860	15	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	30	10	15	0	0	0
Portuguese	140	70	70	0	10	0
Romanian	50	30	20	0	0	0
Spanish	1,560	800	760	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	195	75	125	0	0	0
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	785	350	435	10	0	10
Mongolic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	10	30	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	30	10	25	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	230	120	115	35	15	15
American Sign Language	125	40	85	20	0	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	105	80	30	10	15	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,080	3,665	3,420	80	50	35
Chinese languages	7,035	3,635	3,400	85	50	30
Cantonese	4,545	2,340	2,205	30	20	10
Hakka	15	0	10	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,170	1,125	1,045	15	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	15	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	275	155	125	40	25	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	30	20	0	0	0
Burmese	10	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	60	65	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	130	60	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	80	35	45	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	65	30	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	10	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	70	45	25	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	65	40	25	0	0	0
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20,810	10,080	10,735	655	230	420
English and French	4,525	2,050	2,475	480	135	340
English and non-official language	15,935	7,860	8,075	170	95	70
French and non-official language	55	25	30	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language	295	140	155	0	0	10
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	2,467,410	1,314,320	1,153,095	286,035	148,060	137,975
None	2,370,575	1,264,955	1,105,620	281,215	146,080	135,130
English	13,805	6,540	7,270	1,115	405	710
French	23,920	11,380	12,545	2,665	1,060	1,605
Non-official language	57,640	30,700	26,935	995	475	520
Aboriginal	5,045	2,370	2,680	435	175	265
Non-Aboriginal	52,590	28,335	24,260	555	300	255
English and French	30	15	15	10	0	0
English and non-official language	215	105	110	0	10	0
French and non-official language	1,220	625	595	40	30	10
English, French and non-official language	0	10	0	0	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	3,925,440	1,971,515	1,953,920	507,965	248,690	259,270
Non-movers	3,318,340	1,667,060	1,651,280	457,145	224,045	233,100
Movers	607,095	304,450	302,640	50,825	24,650	26,170
Non-migrants	394,230	199,640	194,590	26,690	12,990	13,695
Migrants	212,865	104,815	108,050	24,135	11,655	12,475
Internal migrants	166,390	82,335	84,055	22,190	10,710	11,475
Intraprovincial migrants	120,105	59,845	60,260	15,445	7,375	8,070
Interprovincial migrants	46,280	22,490	23,795	6,745	3,340	3,405
External migrants	46,475	22,480	23,995	1,945	950	995
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	3,714,635	1,863,450	1,851,190	489,795	239,505	250,295
Non-movers	2,052,580	1,028,510	1,024,070	347,175	169,930	177,245
Movers	1,662,055	834,935	827,120	142,625	69,575	73,050
Non-migrants	899,165	454,700	444,465	69,950	33,920	36,030
Migrants	762,890	380,235	382,655	72,675	35,660	37,015
Internal migrants	559,860	280,255	279,610	66,305	32,250	34,055
Intraprovincial migrants	333,775	165,900	167,875	42,755	20,410	22,345
Interprovincial migrants	226,090	114,355	111,730	23,545	11,835	11,710
External migrants	203,025	99,980	103,045	6,370	3,410	2,965

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. Alberta [Province] and Newfoundland and Labrador [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 4, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and Newfoundland and Labrador [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census Alberta [Province] and Newfoundland and Labrador [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
Alberta [Province] and Newfoundland and Labrador [Province]