Census Profile, 2016 Census
British Columbia [Province] and British Columbia [Province]

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The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).
Characteristic	British Columbia [Province]			British Columbia [Province]
	Data quality , British Columbia [Province] Map : British Columbia [Province] Change geography 1			Data quality : British Columbia [Province] Map : geography 2 Change geography 2
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
	Counts (unless otherwise specified)
Population and dwellings
Population, 2016^{Census data footnote 1}	4,648,055	...	...	4,648,055	...	...
Population, 2011^{Census data footnote 1}	4,400,057	...	...	4,400,057	...	...
Population percentage change, 2011 to 2016	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total private dwellings^{Census data footnote 2}	2,063,417	...	...	2,063,417	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents^{Census data footnote 3}	1,881,969	...	...	1,881,969	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	922,503.01	...	...	922,503.01	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data^{Census data footnote 4}	4,648,055	2,278,245	2,369,815	4,648,055	2,278,245	2,369,815
0 to 14 years	691,390	355,400	335,985	691,390	355,400	335,985
0 to 4 years	220,625	113,355	107,275	220,625	113,355	107,275
5 to 9 years	236,900	122,070	114,830	236,900	122,070	114,830
10 to 14 years	233,860	119,975	113,885	233,860	119,975	113,885
15 to 64 years	3,107,680	1,527,280	1,580,400	3,107,680	1,527,280	1,580,400
15 to 19 years	258,980	133,000	125,985	258,980	133,000	125,985
20 to 24 years	287,560	147,615	139,945	287,560	147,615	139,945
25 to 29 years	303,000	151,585	151,415	303,000	151,585	151,415
30 to 34 years	313,750	155,035	158,715	313,750	155,035	158,715
35 to 39 years	293,590	143,070	150,520	293,590	143,070	150,520
40 to 44 years	295,045	141,930	153,115	295,045	141,930	153,115
45 to 49 years	322,365	155,325	167,040	322,365	155,325	167,040
50 to 54 years	354,375	172,065	182,310	354,375	172,065	182,310
55 to 59 years	354,925	171,210	183,715	354,925	171,210	183,715
60 to 64 years	324,095	156,450	167,645	324,095	156,450	167,645
65 years and over	848,985	395,560	453,425	848,985	395,560	453,425
65 to 69 years	287,520	139,490	148,035	287,520	139,490	148,035
70 to 74 years	201,785	97,675	104,110	201,785	97,675	104,110
75 to 79 years	145,225	68,715	76,510	145,225	68,715	76,510
80 to 84 years	105,255	48,645	56,610	105,255	48,645	56,610
85 years and over	109,190	41,035	68,155	109,190	41,035	68,155
85 to 89 years	67,510	27,930	39,575	67,510	27,930	39,575
90 to 94 years	31,815	10,615	21,205	31,815	10,615	21,205
95 to 99 years	8,545	2,215	6,330	8,545	2,215	6,330
100 years and over	1,325	275	1,050	1,325	275	1,050
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	15.6	14.2	14.9	15.6	14.2
15 to 64 years	66.9	67.0	66.7	66.9	67.0	66.7
65 years and over	18.3	17.4	19.1	18.3	17.4	19.1
85 years and over	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	42.3	41.5	43.1	42.3	41.5	43.1
Median age of the population	43.0	41.9	44.0	43.0	41.9	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data^{Census data footnote 5}	1,881,970	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Single-detached house	830,660	...	...	830,660	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	177,830	...	...	177,830	...	...
Other attached dwelling^{Census data footnote 6}	824,190	...	...	824,190	...	...
Semi-detached house	57,395	...	...	57,395	...	...
Row house	147,830	...	...	147,830	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	230,075	...	...	230,075	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	385,140	...	...	385,140	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,755	...	...	3,755	...	...
Movable dwelling^{Census data footnote 7}	49,290	...	...	49,290	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 8}	1,881,970	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 person	541,910	...	...	541,910	...	...
2 persons	663,770	...	...	663,770	...	...
3 persons	277,690	...	...	277,690	...	...
4 persons	243,125	...	...	243,125	...	...
5 or more persons	155,470	...	...	155,470	...	...
Number of persons in private households	4,560,240	...	...	4,560,240	...	...
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over - 100% data^{Census data footnote 9}	3,956,665	1,922,840	2,033,825	3,956,665	1,922,840	2,033,825
Married or living common law	2,297,325	1,146,175	1,151,150	2,297,325	1,146,175	1,151,150
Married	1,925,345	959,690	965,645	1,925,345	959,690	965,645
Living common law	371,985	186,485	185,505	371,985	186,485	185,505
Not married and not living common law	1,659,335	776,660	882,675	1,659,335	776,660	882,675
Never married	1,076,085	582,975	493,110	1,076,085	582,975	493,110
Separated	105,700	45,225	60,475	105,700	45,225	60,475
Divorced	263,870	103,475	160,395	263,870	103,475	160,395
Widowed	213,685	44,990	168,700	213,685	44,990	168,700
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 10}	1,311,340	...	...	1,311,340	...	...
2 persons	703,685	...	...	703,685	...	...
3 persons	275,965	...	...	275,965	...	...
4 persons	243,960	...	...	243,960	...	...
5 or more persons	87,730	...	...	87,730	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 11}	1,311,345	...	...	1,311,345	...	...
Total couple families	1,113,405	...	...	1,113,405	...	...
Married couples	927,440	...	...	927,440	...	...
Common-law couples	185,960	...	...	185,960	...	...
Total lone-parent families by sex of parent	197,940	...	...	197,940	...	...
Female parent	155,670	...	...	155,670	...	...
Male parent	42,265	...	...	42,265	...	...
Total - Couple census families in private households - 100% data	1,113,400	...	...	1,113,400	...	...
Couples without children	577,790	...	...	577,790	...	...
Couples with children	535,610	...	...	535,610	...	...
1 child	221,065	...	...	221,065	...	...
2 children	230,705	...	...	230,705	...	...
3 or more children	83,840	...	...	83,840	...	...
Total - Lone-parent census families in private households - 100% data	197,940	...	...	197,940	...	...
1 child	125,890	...	...	125,890	...	...
2 children	54,900	...	...	54,900	...	...
3 or more children	17,145	...	...	17,145	...	...
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	882,895	418,495	464,405	882,895	418,495	464,405
Household type
Total - Private households by household type - 100% data^{Census data footnote 12}	1,881,970	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One-census-family households	1,195,735	...	...	1,195,735	...	...
Without children in a census family^{Census data footnote 13}	527,700	...	...	527,700	...	...
With children in a census family^{Census data footnote 14}	668,035	...	...	668,035	...	...
Multiple-census-family households	55,620	...	...	55,620	...	...
Non-census-family households	630,620	...	...	630,620	...	...
One-person households	541,915	...	...	541,915	...	...
Two-or-more person non-census-family households	88,705	...	...	88,705	...	...
Knowledge of official languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 15}	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
English only	4,127,770	2,050,130	2,077,645	4,127,770	2,050,130	2,077,645
French only	1,810	820	985	1,810	820	985
English and French	314,925	140,650	174,275	314,925	140,650	174,275
Neither English nor French	153,910	63,795	90,115	153,910	63,795	90,115
First official language spokenUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 16}	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,020	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,020
English	4,373,330	2,156,680	2,216,655	4,373,330	2,156,680	2,216,655
French	55,325	27,680	27,640	55,325	27,680	27,640
English and French	18,000	8,315	9,685	18,000	8,315	9,685
Neither English nor French	151,760	62,720	89,040	151,760	62,720	89,040
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 17}	64,325	31,840	32,480	64,325	31,840	32,480
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 17}	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mother tongueUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 18}	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
Single responses	4,494,995	2,205,775	2,289,220	4,494,995	2,205,775	2,289,220
Official languages	3,227,535	1,614,375	1,613,160	3,227,535	1,614,375	1,613,160
English	3,170,110	1,585,760	1,584,355	3,170,110	1,585,760	1,584,355
French	57,425	28,615	28,810	57,425	28,615	28,810
Non-official languages	1,267,460	591,400	676,060	1,267,460	591,400	676,060
Aboriginal languages	8,435	3,940	4,490	8,435	3,940	4,490
Algonquian languages	1,050	445	605	1,050	445	605
Blackfoot	40	5	35	40	5	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	840	375	465	840	375	465
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	5	5	0	5	5	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	10	0	10
Plains Cree	150	60	85	150	60	85
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	25	15	10	25	15	10
Woods Cree	60	25	35	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	585	270	320	585	270	320
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	10	10	5	10
Malecite	5	0	0	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	10	5	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	155	55	105	155	55	105
Algonquin	5	5	0	5	5	0
Ojibway	135	50	90	135	50	90
Oji-Cree	10	0	10	10	0	10
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	5	5	0	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	2,310	1,045	1,260	2,310	1,045	1,260
Northern Athabaskan languages	2,295	1,045	1,250	2,295	1,045	1,250
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	110	55	55	110	55	55
Beaver	160	75	85	160	75	85
Carrier	1,005	460	550	1,005	460	550
Chilcotin	650	295	355	650	295	355
Dene	90	35	50	90	35	50
Dogrib (Tlicho)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Gwich'in	15	5	10	15	5	10
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	5	0	0	5
Sekani	85	40	45	85	40	45
Slavey-Hare languages	75	30	45	75	30	45
North Slavey (Hare)	5	0	0	5	0	0
South Slavey	20	5	15	20	5	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	50	25	30	50	25	30
Tahltan languages	105	45	50	105	45	50
Kaska (Nahani)	15	10	5	15	10	5
Tahltan	90	40	50	90	40	50
Tutchone languages	5	0	5	5	0	5
Northern Tutchone	5	0	0	5	0	0
Southern Tutchone	5	0	0	5	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	15	5	10
Haida	70	30	40	70	30	40
Inuit languages	80	30	55	80	30	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	10	0	10	10	0	10
Inuktitut	50	20	30	50	20	30
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	20	10	10
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	15	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	5	5	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	100	55	50	100	55	50
Michif	35	20	10	35	20	10
Salish languages	2,270	1,115	1,155	2,270	1,115	1,155
Comox	80	45	40	80	45	40
Halkomelem	475	230	245	475	230	245
Lillooet	315	155	160	315	155	160
Okanagan	270	135	135	270	135	135
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	435	220	215	435	220	215
Squamish	35	20	20	35	20	20
Straits	80	40	40	80	40	40
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	330	150	185	330	150	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	250	130	120	250	130	120
Siouan languages	45	25	20	45	25	20
Dakota	30	15	20	30	15	20
Stoney	0	0	5	0	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	5	0
Tlingit	30	15	15	30	15	15
Tsimshian languages	1,460	715	740	1,460	715	740
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	875	435	445	875	435	445
Nisga'a	385	195	190	385	195	190
Tsimshian	195	90	110	195	90	110
Wakashan languages	795	365	435	795	365	435
Haisla	90	40	55	90	40	55
Heiltsuk	100	45	55	100	45	55
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	320	140	180	320	140	180
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	275	135	140	275	135	140
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	5	10	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	190	80	110	190	80	110
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,259,025	587,455	671,570	1,259,025	587,455	671,570
Afro-Asiatic languages	24,870	13,405	11,465	24,870	13,405	11,465
Berber languages	115	75	45	115	75	45
Kabyle	40	30	15	40	30	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	80	45	30	80	45	30
Cushitic languages	1,505	765	740	1,505	765	740
Bilen	5	0	0	5	0	0
Oromo	205	115	95	205	115	95
Somali	1,270	640	640	1,270	640	640
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	20	10	15
Semitic languages	23,195	12,540	10,655	23,195	12,540	10,655
Amharic	1,370	670	700	1,370	670	700
Arabic	17,480	9,595	7,890	17,480	9,595	7,890
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	650	315	330	650	315	330
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	440	245	200	440	245	200
Harari	20	5	15	20	5	15
Hebrew	2,065	1,125	940	2,065	1,125	940
Maltese	215	100	115	215	100	115
Tigrigna	805	395	405	805	395	405
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	150	80	65	150	80	65
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	55	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	28,740	13,170	15,575	28,740	13,170	15,575
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,560	710	850	1,560	710	850
Vietnamese	27,150	12,440	14,710	27,150	12,440	14,710
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	30	15	15	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	96,535	38,765	57,770	96,535	38,765	57,770
Bikol	375	165	215	375	165	215
Cebuano	4,065	1,565	2,505	4,065	1,565	2,505
Fijian	470	240	230	470	240	230
Hiligaynon	1,470	550	920	1,470	550	920
Ilocano	5,240	2,055	3,190	5,240	2,055	3,190
Malagasy	20	10	15	20	10	15
Malay	3,895	1,675	2,220	3,895	1,675	2,220
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	700	320	380	700	320	380
Pangasinan	295	130	170	295	130	170
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	78,770	31,550	47,220	78,770	31,550	47,220
Waray-Waray	215	85	135	215	85	135
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,015	435	580	1,015	435	580
Creole languages	840	440	400	840	440	400
Haitian Creole	35	20	15	35	20	15
Creole, n.o.s.	500	255	245	500	255	245
Creole languages, n.i.e.	305	155	145	305	155	145
Dravidian languages	7,500	3,995	3,510	7,500	3,995	3,510
Kannada	280	150	135	280	150	135
Malayalam	2,385	1,260	1,130	2,385	1,260	1,130
Tamil	3,615	1,875	1,740	3,615	1,875	1,740
Telugu	1,175	695	480	1,175	695	480
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	45	20	25
Hmong-Mien languages	140	75	70	140	75	70
Indo-European languages	588,175	286,135	302,035	588,175	286,135	302,035
Albanian	1,465	765	705	1,465	765	705
Armenian	1,195	600	600	1,195	600	600
Balto-Slavic languages	83,110	38,595	44,515	83,110	38,595	44,515
Baltic languages	1,070	485	585	1,070	485	585
Latvian	565	255	300	565	255	300
Lithuanian	505	225	280	505	225	280
Slavic languages	82,040	38,110	43,930	82,040	38,110	43,930
Belarusan	95	45	50	95	45	50
Bosnian	1,360	675	685	1,360	675	685
Bulgarian	2,025	955	1,070	2,025	955	1,070
Croatian	7,475	3,655	3,820	7,475	3,655	3,820
Czech	5,920	2,850	3,070	5,920	2,850	3,070
Macedonian	325	160	165	325	160	165
Polish	16,910	7,875	9,035	16,910	7,875	9,035
Russian	25,955	11,640	14,310	25,955	11,640	14,310
Serbian	7,045	3,600	3,450	7,045	3,600	3,450
Serbo-Croatian	1,395	670	725	1,395	670	725
Slovak	3,400	1,525	1,870	3,400	1,525	1,870
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,160	545	615	1,160	545	615
Ukrainian	8,630	3,730	4,900	8,630	3,730	4,900
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	345	175	170	345	175	170
Celtic languages	615	325	290	615	325	290
Scottish Gaelic	240	130	110	240	130	110
Welsh	280	145	135	280	145	135
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	95	50	45
Germanic languages	101,725	48,350	53,380	101,725	48,350	53,380
Afrikaans	3,260	1,655	1,610	3,260	1,655	1,610
Danish	4,665	2,280	2,385	4,665	2,280	2,385
Dutch	21,020	10,130	10,895	21,020	10,130	10,895
Frisian	295	145	145	295	145	145
German	66,885	31,525	35,360	66,885	31,525	35,360
Icelandic	275	135	145	275	135	145
Norwegian	2,005	970	1,035	2,005	970	1,035
Swedish	2,520	1,100	1,420	2,520	1,100	1,420
Vlaams (Flemish)	445	220	225	445	220	225
Yiddish	290	150	140	290	150	140
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	65	45	25	65	45	25
Greek	6,115	3,245	2,870	6,115	3,245	2,870
Indo-Iranian languages	297,800	147,830	149,970	297,800	147,830	149,970
Indo-Aryan languages	251,000	124,260	126,740	251,000	124,260	126,740
Bengali	3,180	1,665	1,510	3,180	1,665	1,510
Gujarati	6,895	3,290	3,605	6,895	3,290	3,605
Hindi	26,720	12,910	13,810	26,720	12,910	13,810
Kashmiri	65	35	25	65	35	25
Konkani	255	130	125	255	130	125
Marathi	620	325	295	620	325	295
Nepali	1,155	620	540	1,155	620	540
Oriya (Odia)	70	35	35	70	35	35
Punjabi (Panjabi)	198,805	98,525	100,285	198,805	98,525	100,285
Sindhi	1,675	780	895	1,675	780	895
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,675	845	830	1,675	845	830
Urdu	9,885	5,090	4,795	9,885	5,090	4,795
Iranian languages	46,390	23,355	23,035	46,390	23,355	23,035
Kurdish	1,765	945	825	1,765	945	825
Pashto	1,155	615	535	1,155	615	535
Persian (Farsi)	43,470	21,795	21,675	43,470	21,795	21,675
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	410	220	195	410	220	195
Italic (Romance) languages	96,135	46,430	49,710	96,135	46,430	49,710
Catalan	160	85	75	160	85	75
Italian	22,680	11,445	11,230	22,680	11,445	11,230
Portuguese	17,450	8,240	9,210	17,450	8,240	9,210
Romanian	8,730	4,250	4,480	8,730	4,250	4,480
Spanish	47,010	22,335	24,675	47,010	22,335	24,675
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	105	65	40	105	65	40
Japanese	21,350	7,195	14,150	21,350	7,195	14,150
Kartvelian languages	85	50	35	85	50	35
Georgian	85	50	40	85	50	40
Korean	52,160	23,495	28,670	52,160	23,495	28,670
Mongolic languages	360	150	205	360	150	205
Mongolian	360	155	210	360	155	210
Niger-Congo languages	3,725	1,875	1,850	3,725	1,875	1,850
Akan (Twi)	495	275	220	495	275	220
Bamanankan	10	5	5	10	5	5
Edo	85	50	35	85	50	35
Ewe	85	45	35	85	45	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	20	45	25	20
Ga	45	20	25	45	20	25
Ganda	90	45	45	90	45	45
Igbo	245	145	105	245	145	105
Lingala	80	30	45	80	30	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	115	50	60	115	50	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	70	80	155	70	80
Shona	215	100	115	215	100	115
Swahili	805	400	405	805	400	405
Wolof	50	25	25	50	25	25
Yoruba	330	185	150	330	185	150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	885	410	480	885	410	480
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	175	165	340	175	165
Dinka	105	60	45	105	60	45
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	240	115	125	240	115	125
Sign languages	1,155	610	545	1,155	610	545
American Sign Language	470	230	240	470	230	240
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e	690	380	305	690	380	305
Sino-Tibetan languages	410,920	187,725	223,190	410,920	187,725	223,190
Chinese languages	408,415	186,455	221,960	408,415	186,455	221,960
Cantonese	193,530	89,325	104,210	193,530	89,325	104,210
Hakka	2,325	1,010	1,315	2,325	1,010	1,315
Mandarin	186,325	84,370	101,955	186,325	84,370	101,955
Min Dong	230	105	120	230	105	120
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	11,210	4,995	6,215	11,210	4,995	6,215
Wu (Shanghainese)	4,540	1,995	2,545	4,540	1,995	2,545
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,050	4,570	5,480	10,050	4,570	5,480
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	205	85	120	205	85	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	2,500	1,265	1,230	2,500	1,265	1,230
Burmese	1,125	580	545	1,125	580	545
Karenic languages	815	395	425	815	395	425
Tibetan	330	175	160	330	175	160
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	230	120	110	230	120	110
Tai-Kadai languages	3,985	1,335	2,650	3,985	1,335	2,650
Lao	1,100	550	550	1,100	550	550
Thai	2,865	775	2,090	2,865	775	2,090
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	20	10	15	20	10	15
Turkic languages	4,140	2,295	1,845	4,140	2,295	1,845
Azerbaijani	530	290	235	530	290	235
Turkish	3,145	1,790	1,360	3,145	1,790	1,360
Uyghur	170	85	85	170	85	85
Uzbek	105	50	55	105	50	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	190	80	110	190	80	110
Uralic languages	13,490	6,285	7,205	13,490	6,285	7,205
Estonian	705	295	410	705	295	410
Finnish	3,760	1,555	2,200	3,760	1,555	2,200
Hungarian	9,025	4,435	4,590	9,025	4,435	4,590
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	500	280	225	500	280	225
Multiple responses	103,415	49,625	53,795	103,415	49,625	53,795
English and French	10,065	4,815	5,250	10,065	4,815	5,250
English and non-official language	89,135	42,820	46,315	89,135	42,820	46,315
French and non-official language	2,100	1,040	1,065	2,100	1,040	1,065
English, French and non-official language	2,115	950	1,165	2,115	950	1,165
Language spoken most often at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 19}	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015	4,598,415	2,255,395	2,343,015
Single responses	4,365,875	2,145,020	2,220,855	4,365,875	2,145,020	2,220,855
Official languages	3,648,500	1,807,825	1,840,675	3,648,500	1,807,825	1,840,675
English	3,631,700	1,799,625	1,832,075	3,631,700	1,799,625	1,832,075
French	16,795	8,195	8,605	16,795	8,195	8,605
Non-official languages	717,375	337,200	380,180	717,375	337,200	380,180
Aboriginal languages	1,565	765	795	1,565	765	795
Algonquian languages	105	50	55	105	50	55
Blackfoot	0	5	0	0	5	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	85	40	45	85	40	45
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	15	10	10	15	10	10
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	5	0	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	60	30	30	60	30	30
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	15	5	5	15	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	610	290	320	610	290	320
Northern Athabaskan languages	605	290	315	605	290	315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	20	10	10	20	10	10
Beaver	40	20	20	40	20	20
Carrier	245	110	130	245	110	130
Chilcotin	260	125	130	260	125	130
Dene	15	5	10	15	5	10
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	15	10	5	15	10	5
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	5	5	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	5	0	5	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	5	0	0	5	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	10	5	5	10	5	5
Inuit languages	10	5	5	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	10	0	5
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	15	10	5	15	10	5
Michif	0	5	0	0	5	0
Salish languages	275	130	150	275	130	150
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	50	20	30	50	20	30
Lillooet	25	15	15	25	15	15
Okanagan	85	35	45	85	35	45
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	50	30	20	50	30	20
Squamish	5	5	0	5	5	0
Straits	25	10	15	25	10	15
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	20	10	10	20	10	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	20	10	10
Siouan languages	15	10	5	15	10	5
Dakota	10	10	5	10	10	5
Stoney	5	5	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	405	215	195	405	215	195
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	310	155	155	310	155	155
Nisga'a	70	45	25	70	45	25
Tsimshian	25	15	10	25	15	10
Wakashan languages	75	40	35	75	40	35
Haisla	20	10	15	20	10	15
Heiltsuk	5	5	0	5	5	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	25	10	10	25	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	30	15	10	30	15	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	45	15	25	45	15	25
Non-Aboriginal languages	715,815	336,435	379,380	715,815	336,435	379,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	13,990	7,065	6,920	13,990	7,065	6,920
Berber languages	45	25	20	45	25	20
Kabyle	20	10	15	20	10	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	25	15	10
Cushitic languages	770	355	415	770	355	415
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	90	50	45	90	50	45
Somali	665	300	360	665	300	360
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	15	5	10
Semitic languages	13,155	6,680	6,475	13,155	6,680	6,475
Amharic	600	275	320	600	275	320
Arabic	10,415	5,335	5,080	10,415	5,335	5,080
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	405	195	210	405	195	210
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	310	165	145	310	165	145
Harari	10	5	5	10	5	5
Hebrew	900	465	440	900	465	440
Maltese	15	5	10	15	5	10
Tigrigna	410	190	225	410	190	225
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	95	45	50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	17,870	8,305	9,560	17,870	8,305	9,560
Khmer (Cambodian)	800	375	420	800	375	420
Vietnamese	17,055	7,920	9,130	17,055	7,920	9,130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	10	5	15	10	5
Austronesian languages	40,605	17,945	22,660	40,605	17,945	22,660
Bikol	75	30	35	75	30	35
Cebuano	1,305	585	715	1,305	585	715
Fijian	110	65	55	110	65	55
Hiligaynon	415	175	240	415	175	240
Ilocano	1,615	695	930	1,615	695	930
Malagasy	10	5	10	10	5	10
Malay	1,120	510	605	1,120	510	605
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	150	70	80	150	70	80
Pangasinan	55	25	30	55	25	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35,375	15,600	19,770	35,375	15,600	19,770
Waray-Waray	55	25	35	55	25	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	310	150	160	310	150	160
Creole languages	335	150	180	335	150	180
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	0	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	235	105	130	235	105	130
Creole languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	95	50	45
Dravidian languages	3,940	1,995	1,940	3,940	1,995	1,940
Kannada	110	55	60	110	55	60
Malayalam	1,225	615	605	1,225	615	605
Tamil	2,055	1,025	1,030	2,055	1,025	1,030
Telugu	535	295	240	535	295	240
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	15	5	10
Hmong-Mien languages	55	25	30	55	25	30
Indo-European languages	282,090	137,135	144,955	282,090	137,135	144,955
Albanian	695	335	360	695	335	360
Armenian	545	240	305	545	240	305
Balto-Slavic languages	31,640	15,150	16,490	31,640	15,150	16,490
Baltic languages	210	90	115	210	90	115
Latvian	80	30	50	80	30	50
Lithuanian	125	60	65	125	60	65
Slavic languages	31,430	15,060	16,370	31,430	15,060	16,370
Belarusan	15	5	5	15	5	5
Bosnian	595	300	300	595	300	300
Bulgarian	1,035	485	550	1,035	485	550
Croatian	2,235	1,055	1,180	2,235	1,055	1,180
Czech	1,595	800	795	1,595	800	795
Macedonian	150	75	75	150	75	75
Polish	5,690	2,720	2,970	5,690	2,720	2,970
Russian	13,310	6,290	7,020	13,310	6,290	7,020
Serbian	3,695	1,870	1,825	3,695	1,870	1,825
Serbo-Croatian	500	235	265	500	235	265
Slovak	1,000	480	520	1,000	480	520
Slovene (Slovenian)	145	65	85	145	65	85
Ukrainian	1,430	665	765	1,430	665	765
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	40	20	20
Celtic languages	70	40	30	70	40	30
Scottish Gaelic	35	20	10	35	20	10
Welsh	25	10	10	25	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	5	5
Germanic languages	14,430	6,870	7,555	14,430	6,870	7,555
Afrikaans	1,475	715	760	1,475	715	760
Danish	305	145	160	305	145	160
Dutch	1,895	890	1,005	1,895	890	1,005
Frisian	10	5	5	10	5	5
German	10,085	4,795	5,295	10,085	4,795	5,295
Icelandic	75	35	35	75	35	35
Norwegian	140	60	80	140	60	80
Swedish	360	170	195	360	170	195
Vlaams (Flemish)	50	30	20	50	30	20
Yiddish	10	10	5	10	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	15	5	5
Greek	2,010	975	1,035	2,010	975	1,035
Indo-Iranian languages	194,590	95,380	99,215	194,590	95,380	99,215
Indo-Aryan languages	164,185	80,610	83,575	164,185	80,610	83,575
Bengali	1,815	895	920	1,815	895	920
Gujarati	2,970	1,320	1,645	2,970	1,320	1,645
Hindi	12,310	5,890	6,425	12,310	5,890	6,425
Kashmiri	10	5	5	10	5	5
Konkani	40	25	25	40	25	25
Marathi	270	140	130	270	140	130
Nepali	665	345	320	665	345	320
Oriya (Odia)	35	20	15	35	20	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	139,080	68,565	70,515	139,080	68,565	70,515
Sindhi	615	270	345	615	270	345
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	675	330	340	675	330	340
Urdu	5,705	2,825	2,880	5,705	2,825	2,880
Iranian languages	30,205	14,665	15,540	30,205	14,665	15,540
Kurdish	1,080	540	535	1,080	540	535
Pashto	700	350	350	700	350	350
Persian (Farsi)	28,420	13,765	14,660	28,420	13,765	14,660
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	200	100	100	200	100	100
Italic (Romance) languages	38,110	18,145	19,970	38,110	18,145	19,970
Catalan	65	35	35	65	35	35
Italian	5,200	2,245	2,955	5,200	2,245	2,955
Portuguese	6,725	3,140	3,580	6,725	3,140	3,580
Romanian	3,800	1,830	1,970	3,800	1,830	1,970
Spanish	22,310	10,900	11,410	22,310	10,900	11,410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	20	5	10
Japanese	9,860	4,070	5,790	9,860	4,070	5,790
Kartvelian languages	30	15	10	30	15	10
Georgian	30	15	15	30	15	15
Korean	38,605	17,785	20,820	38,605	17,785	20,820
Mongolic languages	170	80	90	170	80	90
Mongolian	165	80	85	165	80	85
Niger-Congo languages	960	430	530	960	430	530
Akan (Twi)	150	80	65	150	80	65
Bamanankan	5	5	5	5	5	5
Edo	15	10	10	15	10	10
Ewe	20	5	10	20	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	5	10	20	5	10
Ga	5	5	0	5	5	0
Ganda	10	5	5	10	5	5
Igbo	40	20	15	40	20	15
Lingala	35	15	20	35	15	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	20	40	55	20	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	25	35	60	25	35
Shona	65	25	40	65	25	40
Swahili	200	90	115	200	90	115
Wolof	20	10	10	20	10	10
Yoruba	60	30	35	60	30	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	200	85	120	200	85	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	140	60	75	140	60	75
Dinka	55	30	20	55	30	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	85	30	55	85	30	55
Sign languages	1,535	850	685	1,535	850	685
American Sign Language	455	230	225	455	230	225
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	1,080	615	460	1,080	615	460
Sino-Tibetan languages	299,420	137,555	161,865	299,420	137,555	161,865
Chinese languages	297,675	136,670	161,000	297,675	136,670	161,000
Cantonese	137,075	62,545	74,525	137,075	62,545	74,525
Hakka	700	295	410	700	295	410
Mandarin	146,435	67,695	78,740	146,435	67,695	78,740
Min Dong	65	25	35	65	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,820	2,185	2,630	4,820	2,185	2,630
Wu (Shanghainese)	2,595	1,195	1,400	2,595	1,195	1,400
Chinese, n.o.s.	5,885	2,680	3,205	5,885	2,680	3,205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105	45	55	105	45	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,745	885	865	1,745	885	865
Burmese	720	375	350	720	375	350
Karenic languages	725	355	370	725	355	370
Tibetan	205	110	90	205	110	90
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	90	45	45	90	45	45
Tai-Kadai languages	1,380	595	785	1,380	595	785
Lao	460	225	235	460	225	235
Thai	920	370	545	920	370	545
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	10	5	5
Turkic languages	1,695	880	815	1,695	880	815
Azerbaijani	195	105	95	195	105	95
Turkish	1,310	685	630	1,310	685	630
Uyghur	95	50	50	95	50	50
Uzbek	45	25	20	45	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	40	20	25
Uralic languages	3,005	1,415	1,590	3,005	1,415	1,590
Estonian	95	40	55	95	40	55
Finnish	725	325	400	725	325	400
Hungarian	2,185	1,050	1,130	2,185	1,050	1,130
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	145	70	75	145	70	75
Multiple responses	232,540	110,375	122,165	232,540	110,375	122,165
English and French	6,155	2,970	3,185	6,155	2,970	3,185
English and non-official language	222,670	105,750	116,920	222,670	105,750	116,920
French and non-official language	650	290	360	650	290	360
English, French and non-official language	3,065	1,365	1,700	3,065	1,365	1,700
Other language spoken regularly at homeUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data^{Census data footnote 20}	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015	4,598,415	2,255,400	2,343,015
None	3,931,210	1,940,390	1,990,820	3,931,210	1,940,390	1,990,820
English	274,535	132,990	141,545	274,535	132,990	141,545
French	41,020	18,435	22,590	41,020	18,435	22,590
Non-official language	340,930	158,590	182,345	340,930	158,590	182,345
Aboriginal	7,985	3,765	4,215	7,985	3,765	4,215
Non-Aboriginal	332,945	154,820	178,125	332,945	154,820	178,125
English and French	1,195	545	650	1,195	545	650
English and non-official language	5,660	2,655	3,005	5,660	2,655	3,005
French and non-official language	3,765	1,745	2,020	3,765	1,745	2,020
English, French and non-official language	100	45	50	100	45	50
Income of individuals in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,727,360	1,815,500	1,911,860	3,727,360	1,815,500	1,911,860
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	33,012	40,370	27,543	33,012	40,370	27,543
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,600	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,600
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,783	35,383	25,659	29,783	35,383	25,659
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	3,363,310	1,665,225	1,698,085	3,363,310	1,665,225	1,698,085
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,585	39,557	25,304	31,585	39,557	25,304
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,628,215	1,140,195	1,488,025	2,628,215	1,140,195	1,488,025
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	4,592	3,717	4,920	4,592	3,717	4,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,713	39,186	26,034	31,713	39,186	26,034
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 22}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,727,715	1,815,380	1,912,335	3,727,715	1,815,380	1,912,335
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	45,616	54,797	36,901	45,616	54,797	36,901
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,732,420	1,819,290	1,913,130	3,732,420	1,819,290	1,913,130
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	37,922	44,282	31,874	37,922	44,282	31,874
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	3,362,835	1,664,850	1,697,985	3,362,835	1,664,850	1,697,985
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	44,933	54,787	35,271	44,933	54,787	35,271
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,628,230	1,139,390	1,488,840	2,628,230	1,139,390	1,488,840
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,207	7,255	7,171	7,207	7,255	7,171
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	2,775,010	1,415,100	1,359,910	2,775,010	1,415,100	1,359,910
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	43,339	52,171	34,149	43,339	52,171	34,149
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 23}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 24}	1,147,070	652,115	494,950	1,147,070	652,115	494,950
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 25}	53,940	61,004	47,039	53,940	61,004	47,039
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 26}	64,625	72,840	53,801	64,625	72,840	53,801
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 100% data^{Census data footnote 27}	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 28}	88.9	91.7	84.9	88.9	91.7	84.9
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 29}	70.8	74.4	65.8	70.8	74.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 30}	11.1	8.3	15.1	11.1	8.3	15.1
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 31}	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without total income	142,970	67,370	75,600	142,970	67,370	75,600
With total income	3,727,360	1,815,505	1,911,860	3,727,360	1,815,505	1,911,860
Percentage with total income	96.3	96.4	96.2	96.3	96.4	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	573,315	240,120	333,195	573,315	240,120	333,195
$10,000 to $19,999	653,915	262,225	391,685	653,915	262,225	391,685
$20,000 to $29,999	503,290	209,095	294,195	503,290	209,095	294,195
$30,000 to $39,999	424,330	188,860	235,470	424,330	188,860	235,470
$40,000 to $49,999	366,220	173,020	193,200	366,220	173,020	193,200
$50,000 to $59,999	286,310	148,095	138,215	286,310	148,095	138,215
$60,000 to $69,999	222,975	129,400	93,580	222,975	129,400	93,580
$70,000 to $79,999	171,625	103,795	67,830	171,625	103,795	67,830
$80,000 to $89,999	134,090	83,100	50,990	134,090	83,100	50,990
$90,000 to $99,999	96,825	62,825	34,005	96,825	62,825	34,005
$100,000 and over	294,475	214,980	79,500	294,475	214,980	79,500
$100,000 to $149,999	198,355	142,260	56,095	198,355	142,260	56,095
$150,000 and over	96,115	72,715	23,405	96,115	72,715	23,405
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	3,870,330	1,882,870	1,987,460	3,870,330	1,882,870	1,987,460
Without after-tax income	138,350	63,495	74,855	138,350	63,495	74,855
With after-tax income	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,605	3,731,980	1,819,375	1,912,605
Percentage with after-tax income	96.4	96.6	96.2	96.4	96.6	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	597,310	253,480	343,835	597,310	253,480	343,835
$10,000 to $19,999	686,510	280,490	406,015	686,510	280,490	406,015
$20,000 to $29,999	593,490	252,075	341,415	593,490	252,075	341,415
$30,000 to $39,999	495,200	226,080	269,120	495,200	226,080	269,120
$40,000 to $49,999	402,535	200,565	201,965	402,535	200,565	201,965
$50,000 to $59,999	293,450	167,870	125,585	293,450	167,870	125,585
$60,000 to $69,999	210,085	128,000	82,080	210,085	128,000	82,080
$70,000 to $79,999	151,775	95,230	56,545	151,775	95,230	56,545
$80,000 and over	301,635	215,590	86,045	301,635	215,590	86,045
$80,000 to $89,999	94,700	64,330	30,370	94,700	64,330	30,370
$90,000 to $99,999	59,050	42,050	17,000	59,050	42,050	17,000
$100,000 and over	147,885	109,215	38,670	147,885	109,215	38,670
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 33}	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460	3,870,330	1,882,865	1,987,460
Without employment income	1,095,320	467,570	627,745	1,095,320	467,570	627,745
With employment income	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715	2,775,010	1,415,295	1,359,715
Percentage with employment income	71.7	75.2	68.4	71.7	75.2	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	441,080	204,275	236,810	441,080	204,275	236,810
$5,000 to $9,999	212,715	90,015	122,705	212,715	90,015	122,705
$10,000 to $19,999	371,875	160,350	211,525	371,875	160,350	211,525
$20,000 to $29,999	309,470	135,945	173,525	309,470	135,945	173,525
$30,000 to $39,999	282,045	126,870	155,180	282,045	126,870	155,180
$40,000 to $49,999	253,810	118,870	134,935	253,810	118,870	134,935
$50,000 to $59,999	203,885	107,605	96,280	203,885	107,605	96,280
$60,000 to $69,999	163,740	98,205	65,535	163,740	98,205	65,535
$70,000 to $79,999	132,340	82,120	50,220	132,340	82,120	50,220
$80,000 and over	404,040	291,050	112,990	404,040	291,050	112,990
$80,000 to $89,999	106,680	67,815	38,860	106,680	67,815	38,860
$90,000 to $99,999	76,470	51,990	24,480	76,470	51,990	24,480
$100,000 and over	220,890	171,245	49,645	220,890	171,245	49,645
Income of households in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 100% data^{Census data footnote 34}	1,881,970	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Median total income of households in 2015 ($)	69,995	...	...	69,995	...	...
Median after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	61,280	...	...	61,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 100% data	541,915	...	...	541,915	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	35,701	...	...	35,701	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	31,899	...	...	31,899	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 100% data	1,340,055	...	...	1,340,055	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	88,466	...	...	88,466	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	77,108	...	...	77,108	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for private households by household size - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 35}	1,881,970	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Average total income of households in 2015 ($)	90,354	...	...	90,354	...	...
Average after-tax income of households in 2015 ($)	75,209	...	...	75,209	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for one-person private households - 25% sample data	541,925	...	...	541,925	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	46,696	...	...	46,696	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2015 ($)	39,091	...	...	39,091	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for two-or-more-person private households - 25% sample data	1,340,045	...	...	1,340,045	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	108,010	...	...	108,010	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2015 ($)	89,816	...	...	89,816	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 36}	1,881,965	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	43,415	...	...	43,415	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,140	...	...	27,140	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	55,745	...	...	55,745	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	77,565	...	...	77,565	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	78,695	...	...	78,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	72,985	...	...	72,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	78,080	...	...	78,080	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	78,395	...	...	78,395	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	76,775	...	...	76,775	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	75,860	...	...	75,860	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	143,475	...	...	143,475	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	132,845	...	...	132,845	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	122,350	...	...	122,350	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	111,350	...	...	111,350	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	99,420	...	...	99,420	...	...
$100,000 and over	607,855	...	...	607,855	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	198,140	...	...	198,140	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	138,420	...	...	138,420	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	149,210	...	...	149,210	...	...
$200,000 and over	122,080	...	...	122,080	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2015 for private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 32}	1,881,965	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Under $5,000	46,350	...	...	46,350	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	27,605	...	...	27,605	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	56,780	...	...	56,780	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	80,315	...	...	80,315	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	89,795	...	...	89,795	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	88,035	...	...	88,035	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	93,640	...	...	93,640	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	92,220	...	...	92,220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	91,635	...	...	91,635	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	88,520	...	...	88,520	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	165,685	...	...	165,685	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	150,650	...	...	150,650	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	136,430	...	...	136,430	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	118,520	...	...	118,520	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	101,185	...	...	101,185	...	...
$100,000 and over	454,595	...	...	454,595	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	187,490	...	...	187,490	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	111,260	...	...	111,260	...	...
$150,000 and over	155,845	...	...	155,845	...	...
Income of economic families in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 37}	1,276,275	...	...	1,276,275	...	...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	88,451	...	...	88,451	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,002	...	...	77,002	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 100% data	519,030	...	...	519,030	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	80,788	...	...	80,788	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,464	...	...	70,464	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 100% data	536,175	...	...	536,175	...	...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	111,736	...	...	111,736	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	96,176	...	...	96,176	...	...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	179,945	...	...	179,945	...	...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	51,056	...	...	51,056	...	...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	46,668	...	...	46,668	...	...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 38}	1,275,865	...	...	1,275,865	...	...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	108,241	...	...	108,241	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	89,792	...	...	89,792	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	518,295	...	...	518,295	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	100,772	...	...	100,772	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	83,021	...	...	83,021	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	536,580	...	...	536,580	...	...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	131,213	...	...	131,213	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	108,407	...	...	108,407	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	179,615	...	...	179,615	...	...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	63,004	...	...	63,004	...	...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,655	...	...	54,655	...	...
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 21}	768,855	373,390	395,465	768,855	373,390	395,465
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	31,255	33,342	29,674	31,255	33,342	29,674
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 39}	28,320	29,815	27,221	28,320	29,815	27,221
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 40}	766,660	371,595	395,060	766,660	371,595	395,060
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	41,666	44,615	38,892	41,666	44,615	38,892
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 41}	35,191	37,100	33,395	35,191	37,100	33,395
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data^{Census data footnote 42}	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
In the bottom half of the distribution	2,265,245	1,078,695	1,186,555	2,265,245	1,078,695	1,186,555
In the bottom decile	537,405	258,275	279,140	537,405	258,275	279,140
In the second decile	449,395	205,320	244,075	449,395	205,320	244,075
In the third decile	420,355	198,845	221,510	420,355	198,845	221,510
In the fourth decile	422,805	203,710	219,095	422,805	203,710	219,095
In the fifth decile	435,290	212,555	222,735	435,290	212,555	222,735
In the top half of the distribution	2,294,990	1,158,795	1,136,195	2,294,990	1,158,795	1,136,195
In the sixth decile	442,070	218,225	223,845	442,070	218,225	223,845
In the seventh decile	451,795	226,240	225,555	451,795	226,240	225,555
In the eighth decile	462,900	233,935	228,970	462,900	233,935	228,970
In the ninth decile	473,535	241,165	232,375	473,535	241,165	232,375
In the top decile	464,685	239,235	225,450	464,685	239,235	225,450
Low income in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 100% data^{Census data footnote 43}	4,477,875	2,196,415	2,281,460	4,477,875	2,196,415	2,281,460
0 to 17 years	822,390	422,685	399,710	822,390	422,685	399,710
0 to 5 years	260,110	133,670	126,445	260,110	133,670	126,445
18 to 64 years	2,876,495	1,404,390	1,472,105	2,876,495	1,404,390	1,472,105
65 years and over	778,990	369,345	409,645	778,990	369,345	409,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	694,960	325,015	369,940	694,960	325,015	369,940
0 to 17 years	151,880	78,110	73,770	151,880	78,110	73,770
0 to 5 years	46,920	24,035	22,885	46,920	24,035	22,885
18 to 64 years	427,085	198,475	228,615	427,085	198,475	228,615
65 years and over	115,990	48,430	67,560	115,990	48,430	67,560
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.5	14.8	16.2	15.5	14.8	16.2
0 to 17 years (%)	18.5	18.5	18.5	18.5	18.5	18.5
0 to 5 years (%)	18.0	18.0	18.1	18.0	18.0	18.1
18 to 64 years (%)	14.8	14.1	15.5	14.8	14.1	15.5
65 years and over (%)	14.9	13.1	16.5	14.9	13.1	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	491,645	236,430	255,215	491,645	236,430	255,215
0 to 17 years	99,330	50,890	48,450	99,330	50,890	48,450
0 to 5 years	29,250	14,930	14,315	29,250	14,930	14,315
18 to 64 years	345,345	165,740	179,605	345,345	165,740	179,605
65 years and over	46,965	19,805	27,165	46,965	19,805	27,165
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.0	10.8	11.2	11.0	10.8	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	12.1	12.0	12.1	12.1	12.0	12.1
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	11.2	11.3	11.2	11.2	11.3
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	11.8	12.2	12.0	11.8	12.2
65 years and over (%)	6.0	5.4	6.6	6.0	5.4	6.6
Knowledge of languagesUpdate of the 2016 Census language data
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745	4,560,235	2,237,490	2,322,745
Official languages	4,407,125	2,173,840	2,233,285	4,407,125	2,173,840	2,233,285
English	4,405,380	2,173,040	2,232,340	4,405,380	2,173,040	2,232,340
French	314,225	140,085	174,140	314,225	140,085	174,140
Non-official languages	1,546,550	727,200	819,355	1,546,550	727,200	819,355
Aboriginal languages	17,190	8,115	9,075	17,190	8,115	9,075
Algonquian languages	1,950	905	1,045	1,950	905	1,045
Blackfoot	35	0	35	35	0	35
Cree-Montagnais languages	1,600	795	805	1,600	795	805
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	15	0	10	15	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	10	0	10	10	0	10
Plains Cree	345	160	180	345	160	180
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	55	25	30	55	25	30
Woods Cree	80	45	40	80	45	40
Cree, n.o.s.	1,090	560	525	1,090	560	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	20	10	30	20	10
Malecite	10	10	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	25	15	0	25	15	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	310	100	205	310	100	205
Algonquin	20	0	15	20	0	15
Ojibway	275	95	180	275	95	180
Oji-Cree	15	0	15	15	0	15
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	4,375	2,050	2,330	4,375	2,050	2,330
Northern Athabaskan languages	4,345	2,035	2,315	4,345	2,035	2,315
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	200	100	95	200	100	95
Beaver	255	130	130	255	130	130
Carrier	2,045	940	1,110	2,045	940	1,110
Chilcotin	1,130	525	605	1,130	525	605
Dene	130	55	80	130	55	80
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	185	85	100	185	85	100
Slavey-Hare languages	125	60	75	125	60	75
North Slavey (Hare)	10	0	10	10	0	10
South Slavey	25	15	10	25	15	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	105	45	60	105	45	60
Tahltan languages	290	155	130	290	155	130
Kaska (Nahani)	35	20	15	35	20	15
Tahltan	250	135	120	250	135	120
Tutchone languages	10	0	10	10	0	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	10	0	0	10
Southern Tutchone	10	0	0	10	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	30	15	10
Haida	455	195	255	455	195	255
Inuit languages	170	70	95	170	70	95
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	20	10	10	20	10	10
Inuktitut	120	50	70	120	50	70
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	35	15	25
Iroquoian languages	30	10	15	30	10	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	25	10	15	25	10	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	10	0
Kutenai	170	95	80	170	95	80
Michif	110	50	60	110	50	60
Salish languages	5,660	2,690	2,970	5,660	2,690	2,970
Comox	185	75	105	185	75	105
Halkomelem	1,045	470	570	1,045	470	570
Lillooet	790	405	385	790	405	385
Okanagan	805	360	445	805	360	445
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	1,280	630	650	1,280	630	650
Squamish	280	125	155	280	125	155
Straits	360	160	200	360	160	200
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	440	220	220	440	220	220
Salish languages, n.i.e.	540	280	260	540	280	260
Siouan languages	55	20	35	55	20	35
Dakota	30	15	15	30	15	15
Stoney	10	10	10	10	10	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	15	10	10
Tlingit	60	40	20	60	40	20
Tsimshian languages	2,685	1,330	1,350	2,685	1,330	1,350
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,275	635	645	1,275	635	645
Nisga'a	1,035	535	500	1,035	535	500
Tsimshian	405	180	230	405	180	230
Wakashan languages	1,460	670	795	1,460	670	795
Haisla	175	65	105	175	65	105
Heiltsuk	120	50	70	120	50	70
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	590	275	315	590	275	315
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	560	265	295	560	265	295
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	20	15	10
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	240	105	135	240	105	135
Non-Aboriginal languages	1,529,635	719,190	810,440	1,529,635	719,190	810,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	35,115	18,585	16,530	35,115	18,585	16,530
Berber languages	145	95	45	145	95	45
Kabyle	65	40	25	65	40	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	80	60	20	80	60	20
Cushitic languages	2,070	955	1,120	2,070	955	1,120
Bilen	20	10	15	20	10	15
Oromo	245	140	110	245	140	110
Somali	1,800	815	985	1,800	815	985
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	10	0	10
Semitic languages	33,110	17,660	15,460	33,110	17,660	15,460
Amharic	2,095	1,050	1,045	2,095	1,050	1,045
Arabic	24,230	13,180	11,050	24,230	13,180	11,050
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	760	370	390	760	370	390
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	570	285	285	570	285	285
Harari	55	35	20	55	35	20
Hebrew	5,450	2,805	2,645	5,450	2,805	2,645
Maltese	315	155	155	315	155	155
Tigrigna	1,055	560	495	1,055	560	495
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	300	160	140	300	160	140
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	170	85	85	170	85	85
Austro-Asiatic languages	35,915	17,130	18,785	35,915	17,130	18,785
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,875	850	1,020	1,875	850	1,020
Vietnamese	34,140	16,295	17,840	34,140	16,295	17,840
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	55	30	25
Austronesian languages	125,425	51,215	74,210	125,425	51,215	74,210
Bikol	530	215	310	530	215	310
Cebuano	5,365	2,000	3,370	5,365	2,000	3,370
Fijian	1,095	655	440	1,095	655	440
Hiligaynon	1,685	710	975	1,685	710	975
Ilocano	6,450	2,480	3,970	6,450	2,480	3,970
Malagasy	25	15	10	25	15	10
Malay	7,495	3,480	4,010	7,495	3,480	4,010
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	855	365	495	855	365	495
Pangasinan	480	205	275	480	205	275
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	113,265	45,455	67,805	113,265	45,455	67,805
Waray-Waray	320	130	195	320	130	195
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,515	740	775	1,515	740	775
Creole languages	2,485	1,320	1,165	2,485	1,320	1,165
Haitian Creole	135	55	75	135	55	75
Creole, n.o.s.	1,310	730	585	1,310	730	585
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,055	540	515	1,055	540	515
Dravidian languages	10,390	5,485	4,905	10,390	5,485	4,905
Kannada	510	250	265	510	250	265
Malayalam	3,350	1,795	1,550	3,350	1,795	1,550
Tamil	5,445	2,830	2,610	5,445	2,830	2,610
Telugu	1,720	970	750	1,720	970	750
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	85	30	55	85	30	55
Hmong-Mien languages	165	85	80	165	85	80
Indo-European languages	764,815	371,760	393,060	764,815	371,760	393,060
Albanian	1,640	840	795	1,640	840	795
Armenian	1,680	845	835	1,680	845	835
Balto-Slavic languages	94,050	44,710	49,340	94,050	44,710	49,340
Baltic languages	1,030	515	520	1,030	515	520
Latvian	555	290	265	555	290	265
Lithuanian	475	220	250	475	220	250
Slavic languages	93,235	44,305	48,940	93,235	44,305	48,940
Belarusan	245	115	125	245	115	125
Bosnian	2,075	1,020	1,050	2,075	1,020	1,050
Bulgarian	2,430	1,105	1,325	2,430	1,105	1,325
Croatian	10,685	5,255	5,430	10,685	5,255	5,430
Czech	7,480	3,665	3,815	7,480	3,665	3,815
Macedonian	400	220	185	400	220	185
Polish	19,175	8,980	10,190	19,175	8,980	10,190
Russian	33,990	15,850	18,135	33,990	15,850	18,135
Serbian	9,110	4,625	4,485	9,110	4,625	4,485
Serbo-Croatian	1,525	770	750	1,525	770	750
Slovak	4,270	2,045	2,225	4,270	2,045	2,225
Slovene (Slovenian)	1,375	610	760	1,375	610	760
Ukrainian	10,740	4,835	5,905	10,740	4,835	5,905
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	420	215	205	420	215	205
Celtic languages	1,855	990	865	1,855	990	865
Scottish Gaelic	660	395	265	660	395	265
Welsh	345	145	195	345	145	195
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	860	450	410	860	450	410
Germanic languages	136,685	65,350	71,335	136,685	65,350	71,335
Afrikaans	7,670	3,875	3,800	7,670	3,875	3,800
Danish	5,510	2,490	3,020	5,510	2,490	3,020
Dutch	24,060	11,520	12,550	24,060	11,520	12,550
Frisian	465	230	240	465	230	240
German	95,005	45,840	49,165	95,005	45,840	49,165
Icelandic	405	210	195	405	210	195
Norwegian	2,845	1,425	1,415	2,845	1,425	1,415
Swedish	4,825	2,125	2,695	4,825	2,125	2,695
Vlaams (Flemish)	545	270	275	545	270	275
Yiddish	505	225	280	505	225	280
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	155	95	60	155	95	60
Greek	9,095	4,725	4,370	9,095	4,725	4,370
Indo-Iranian languages	363,205	181,340	181,865	363,205	181,340	181,865
Indo-Aryan languages	311,955	155,465	156,490	311,955	155,465	156,490
Bengali	3,670	1,885	1,785	3,670	1,885	1,785
Gujarati	11,500	5,455	6,050	11,500	5,455	6,050
Hindi	81,330	39,950	41,380	81,330	39,950	41,380
Kashmiri	60	30	25	60	30	25
Konkani	415	215	200	415	215	200
Marathi	1,475	780	695	1,475	780	695
Nepali	1,485	725	760	1,485	725	760
Oriya (Odia)	70	40	30	70	40	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	244,485	122,450	122,035	244,485	122,450	122,035
Sindhi	3,300	1,415	1,885	3,300	1,415	1,885
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,430	1,265	1,170	2,430	1,265	1,170
Urdu	16,750	8,840	7,915	16,750	8,840	7,915
Iranian languages	52,300	26,435	25,870	52,300	26,435	25,870
Kurdish	2,225	1,185	1,040	2,225	1,185	1,040
Pashto	1,660	940	725	1,660	940	725
Persian (Farsi)	49,835	25,135	24,690	49,835	25,135	24,690
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	935	490	450	935	490	450
Italic (Romance) languages	177,685	83,505	94,185	177,685	83,505	94,185
Catalan	395	210	180	395	210	180
Italian	37,475	18,075	19,400	37,475	18,075	19,400
Portuguese	23,260	11,060	12,200	23,260	11,060	12,200
Romanian	10,045	4,945	5,105	10,045	4,945	5,105
Spanish	115,115	53,215	61,900	115,115	53,215	61,900
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	380	245	140	380	245	140
Japanese	36,990	15,955	21,040	36,990	15,955	21,040
Kartvelian languages	115	55	60	115	55	60
Georgian	115	55	55	115	55	55
Korean	57,490	26,310	31,180	57,490	26,310	31,180
Mongolic languages	370	170	200	370	170	200
Mongolian	370	165	195	370	165	195
Niger-Congo languages	8,025	4,130	3,895	8,025	4,130	3,895
Akan (Twi)	630	350	280	630	350	280
Bamanankan	30	20	15	30	20	15
Edo	145	80	60	145	80	60
Ewe	135	90	45	135	90	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	105	30	70	105	30	70
Ga	150	95	50	150	95	50
Ganda	165	80	85	165	80	85
Igbo	425	240	185	425	240	185
Lingala	280	125	150	280	125	150
Rundi (Kirundi)	125	45	75	125	45	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	290	125	165	290	125	165
Shona	415	220	195	415	220	195
Swahili	3,365	1,785	1,575	3,365	1,785	1,575
Wolof	50	25	30	50	25	30
Yoruba	885	455	435	885	455	435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	1,835	840	1,000	1,835	840	1,000
Nilo-Saharan languages	405	210	200	405	210	200
Dinka	85	50	35	85	50	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	325	155	165	325	155	165
Sign languages	7,545	2,865	4,680	7,545	2,865	4,680
American Sign Language	3,860	1,280	2,575	3,860	1,280	2,575
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	3,780	1,615	2,160	3,780	1,615	2,160
Sino-Tibetan languages	457,595	211,220	246,375	457,595	211,220	246,375
Chinese languages	454,885	209,850	245,030	454,885	209,850	245,030
Cantonese	234,445	108,485	125,960	234,445	108,485	125,960
Hakka	2,715	1,290	1,430	2,715	1,290	1,430
Mandarin	265,635	119,995	145,640	265,635	119,995	145,640
Min Dong	130	55	75	130	55	75
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	16,410	7,230	9,185	16,410	7,230	9,185
Wu (Shanghainese)	5,600	2,445	3,155	5,600	2,445	3,155
Chinese, n.o.s.	10,380	4,725	5,650	10,380	4,725	5,650
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	200	75	120	200	75	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	3,000	1,500	1,505	3,000	1,500	1,505
Burmese	1,490	730	755	1,490	730	755
Karenic languages	955	485	465	955	485	465
Tibetan	375	205	165	375	205	165
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	330	150	180	330	150	180
Tai-Kadai languages	5,635	2,190	3,450	5,635	2,190	3,450
Lao	1,630	735	890	1,630	735	890
Thai	4,275	1,535	2,740	4,275	1,535	2,740
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	10	10	0
Turkic languages	6,785	3,685	3,095	6,785	3,685	3,095
Azerbaijani	945	510	435	945	510	435
Turkish	5,585	3,025	2,555	5,585	3,025	2,555
Uyghur	115	60	55	115	60	55
Uzbek	170	95	75	170	95	75
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	275	140	130	275	140	130
Uralic languages	15,280	7,095	8,185	15,280	7,095	8,185
Estonian	780	350	425	780	350	425
Finnish	4,030	1,640	2,385	4,030	1,640	2,385
Hungarian	10,495	5,100	5,395	10,495	5,100	5,395
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	10	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	1,045	575	470	1,045	575	470
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	4,560,235	2,237,485	2,322,750	4,560,235	2,237,485	2,322,750
Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 46}	4,138,300	2,038,285	2,100,015	4,138,300	2,038,285	2,100,015
Canadian citizens aged under 18	790,485	406,970	383,510	790,485	406,970	383,510
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	3,347,820	1,631,310	1,716,505	3,347,820	1,631,310	1,716,505
Not Canadian citizens^{Census data footnote 47}	421,935	199,205	222,735	421,935	199,205	222,735
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Non-immigrants^{Census data footnote 49}	3,167,155	1,584,305	1,582,855	3,167,155	1,584,305	1,582,855
Immigrants^{Census data footnote 50}	1,292,675	603,800	688,875	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Before 1981	356,155	171,330	184,825	356,155	171,330	184,825
1981 to 1990	152,220	70,475	81,750	152,220	70,475	81,750
1991 to 2000	287,505	132,190	155,315	287,505	132,190	155,315
2001 to 2010	321,240	147,250	173,985	321,240	147,250	173,985
2001 to 2005	147,735	67,425	80,305	147,735	67,425	80,305
2006 to 2010	173,505	79,825	93,680	173,505	79,825	93,680
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 51}	175,555	82,555	92,995	175,555	82,555	92,995
Non-permanent residents^{Census data footnote 52}	100,405	49,385	51,020	100,405	49,385	51,020
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	1,292,670	603,800	688,875	1,292,670	603,800	688,875
Under 5 years	112,665	56,495	56,175	112,665	56,495	56,175
5 to 14 years	212,710	108,975	103,730	212,710	108,975	103,730
15 to 24 years	279,495	126,690	152,805	279,495	126,690	152,805
25 to 44 years	537,500	242,185	295,310	537,500	242,185	295,310
45 years and over	150,305	69,455	80,845	150,305	69,455	80,845
Immigrants by selected place of birthUpdate of the 2016 Census immigration data
Total - Selected places of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	1,292,675	603,800	688,875	1,292,675	603,800	688,875
Americas	110,850	50,515	60,330	110,850	50,515	60,330
Brazil	3,800	1,545	2,260	3,800	1,545	2,260
Colombia	3,915	1,720	2,195	3,915	1,720	2,195
El Salvador	5,425	2,710	2,715	5,425	2,710	2,715
Guyana	1,305	600	710	1,305	600	710
Haiti	570	250	315	570	250	315
Jamaica	3,505	1,770	1,735	3,505	1,770	1,735
Mexico	10,375	4,425	5,945	10,375	4,425	5,945
Peru	3,265	1,330	1,930	3,265	1,330	1,930
Trinidad and Tobago	2,620	1,205	1,415	2,620	1,205	1,415
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	57,780	26,425	31,355	57,780	26,425	31,355
Other places of birth in Americas	18,295	8,530	9,765	18,295	8,530	9,765
Europe	319,885	156,975	162,915	319,885	156,975	162,915
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,570	2,230	2,345	4,570	2,230	2,345
Croatia	5,780	2,945	2,830	5,780	2,945	2,830
France	5,700	2,895	2,805	5,700	2,895	2,805
Germany	35,045	16,835	18,210	35,045	16,835	18,210
Greece	3,630	1,965	1,670	3,630	1,965	1,670
Hungary	6,175	3,145	3,030	6,175	3,145	3,030
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	5,890	3,090	2,795	5,890	3,090	2,795
Italy	15,405	8,050	7,355	15,405	8,050	7,355
Netherlands	18,225	9,365	8,855	18,225	9,365	8,855
Poland	15,115	6,965	8,145	15,115	6,965	8,145
Portugal	8,215	4,125	4,090	8,215	4,125	4,090
Romania	8,995	4,400	4,595	8,995	4,400	4,595
Russian Federation	10,920	4,700	6,215	10,920	4,700	6,215
Serbia^{Census data footnote 57}	4,480	2,225	2,260	4,480	2,225	2,260
Ukraine	7,500	3,520	3,980	7,500	3,520	3,980
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	123,810	60,975	62,835	123,810	60,975	62,835
Other places of birth in Europe	40,425	19,545	20,880	40,425	19,545	20,880
Africa	42,805	21,500	21,310	42,805	21,500	21,310
Algeria	485	310	175	485	310	175
Egypt	2,705	1,480	1,225	2,705	1,480	1,225
Ethiopia	2,070	1,015	1,060	2,070	1,015	1,060
Kenya	4,705	2,175	2,535	4,705	2,175	2,535
Morocco	985	535	455	985	535	455
Nigeria	1,740	925	815	1,740	925	815
Somalia	1,080	515	570	1,080	515	570
South Africa, Republic of	13,375	6,700	6,675	13,375	6,700	6,675
Other places of birth in Africa	15,645	7,840	7,800	15,645	7,840	7,800
Asia	788,055	359,835	428,220	788,055	359,835	428,220
Afghanistan	5,040	2,550	2,490	5,040	2,550	2,490
Bangladesh	2,125	1,080	1,040	2,125	1,080	1,040
China^{Census data footnote 59}	199,990	89,145	110,845	199,990	89,145	110,845
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	74,210	34,120	40,090	74,210	34,120	40,090
India	162,650	79,395	83,245	162,650	79,395	83,245
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	37,160	18,890	18,270	37,160	18,890	18,270
Iraq	5,550	2,855	2,690	5,550	2,855	2,690
Japan	13,365	3,840	9,520	13,365	3,840	9,520
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	41,515	18,870	22,645	41,515	18,870	22,645
Lebanon	2,235	1,290	950	2,235	1,290	950
Pakistan	10,665	5,470	5,190	10,665	5,470	5,190
Philippines	112,100	45,890	66,210	112,100	45,890	66,210
Sri Lanka	4,585	2,360	2,230	4,585	2,360	2,230
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,845	1,450	1,400	2,845	1,450	1,400
Taiwan	38,900	17,450	21,450	38,900	17,450	21,450
Viet Nam	27,875	12,970	14,905	27,875	12,970	14,905
Other places of birth in Asia	47,255	22,215	25,045	47,255	22,215	25,045
Oceania and other places of birth^{Census data footnote 64}	31,075	14,975	16,100	31,075	14,975	16,100
Recent immigrants by selected places of birth
Total - Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 54}	175,555	82,555	92,995	175,555	82,555	92,995
Americas	14,550	7,160	7,385	14,550	7,160	7,385
Brazil	1,145	525	615	1,145	525	615
Colombia	580	250	325	580	250	325
Cuba	140	60	80	140	60	80
Haiti	35	35	10	35	35	10
Jamaica	625	355	265	625	355	265
Mexico	2,885	1,420	1,460	2,885	1,420	1,460
United States^{Census data footnote 55}	6,485	3,290	3,190	6,485	3,290	3,190
Venezuela^{Census data footnote 65}	270	115	155	270	115	155
Other places of birth in Americas	2,380	1,105	1,275	2,380	1,105	1,275
Europe	19,735	10,260	9,475	19,735	10,260	9,475
France	970	510	460	970	510	460
Germany	1,450	775	675	1,450	775	675
Ireland^{Census data footnote 56}	1,430	900	530	1,430	900	530
Moldova^{Census data footnote 66}	245	120	125	245	120	125
Romania	690	310	380	690	310	380
Russian Federation	1,735	620	1,110	1,735	620	1,110
Ukraine	1,230	495	735	1,230	495	735
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 58}	6,540	3,840	2,695	6,540	3,840	2,695
Other places of birth in Europe	5,455	2,685	2,765	5,455	2,685	2,765
Africa	6,200	3,150	3,050	6,200	3,150	3,050
Algeria	65	40	20	65	40	20
Cameroon	65	25	35	65	25	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	150	80	75	150	80	75
Côte d'Ivoire	20	10	10	20	10	10
Egypt	625	340	290	625	340	290
Eritrea	320	175	145	320	175	145
Ethiopia	305	170	140	305	170	140
Morocco	205	115	95	205	115	95
Nigeria	645	325	315	645	325	315
Somalia	355	145	215	355	145	215
South Africa, Republic of	1,625	815	810	1,625	815	810
Tunisia	80	30	45	80	30	45
Other places of birth in Africa	1,745	890	860	1,745	890	860
Asia	131,880	60,140	71,735	131,880	60,140	71,735
Afghanistan	870	455	415	870	455	415
Bangladesh	470	230	245	470	230	245
China^{Census data footnote 59}	38,105	16,965	21,140	38,105	16,965	21,140
Hong Kong^{Census data footnote 60}	1,800	770	1,030	1,800	770	1,030
India	27,460	13,780	13,680	27,460	13,780	13,680
Iran^{Census data footnote 61}	8,645	4,315	4,330	8,645	4,315	4,330
Iraq	1,910	940	965	1,910	940	965
Israel	365	205	160	365	205	160
Japan	2,285	570	1,715	2,285	570	1,715
Korea, South^{Census data footnote 62}	8,025	3,430	4,595	8,025	3,430	4,595
Lebanon	265	155	110	265	155	110
Nepal	310	115	195	310	115	195
Pakistan	1,965	990	975	1,965	990	975
Philippines	26,680	11,615	15,065	26,680	11,615	15,065
Saudi Arabia	400	180	215	400	180	215
Sri Lanka	535	265	265	535	265	265
Syria^{Census data footnote 63}	2,185	1,095	1,085	2,185	1,095	1,085
Taiwan	2,505	970	1,530	2,505	970	1,530
Turkey	395	220	170	395	220	170
United Arab Emirates	385	195	195	385	195	195
Viet Nam	1,780	685	1,090	1,780	685	1,090
Other places of birth in Asia	4,545	1,980	2,560	4,545	1,980	2,560
Oceania and other^{Census data footnote 64}	3,185	1,845	1,340	3,185	1,845	1,340
Australia	1,920	1,130	790	1,920	1,130	790
Other places of birth^{Census data footnote 67}	1,265	715	550	1,265	715	550
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
First generation^{Census data footnote 69}	1,426,450	670,440	756,010	1,426,450	670,440	756,010
Second generation^{Census data footnote 70}	1,043,860	523,340	520,520	1,043,860	523,340	520,520
Third generation or more^{Census data footnote 71}	2,089,925	1,043,705	1,046,225	2,089,925	1,043,705	1,046,225
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who landed between 1980 and 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 72}	955,955	442,040	513,915	955,955	442,040	513,915
Economic immigrants^{Census data footnote 73}	537,875	258,560	279,315	537,875	258,560	279,315
Principal applicants^{Census data footnote 74}	209,685	123,645	86,040	209,685	123,645	86,040
Secondary applicants^{Census data footnote 75}	328,185	134,915	193,275	328,185	134,915	193,275
Immigrants sponsored by family^{Census data footnote 76}	323,440	133,775	189,670	323,440	133,775	189,670
Refugees^{Census data footnote 77}	82,360	44,250	38,110	82,360	44,250	38,110
Other immigrants^{Census data footnote 78}	12,285	5,455	6,825	12,285	5,455	6,825
Aboriginal population
Total - Aboriginal identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal identity^{Census data footnote 80}	270,585	130,265	140,320	270,585	130,265	140,320
Single Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 81}	263,540	127,115	136,425	263,540	127,115	136,425
First Nations (North American Indian)^{Census data footnote 82}	172,520	83,645	88,880	172,520	83,645	88,880
Métis	89,405	42,715	46,690	89,405	42,715	46,690
Inuk (Inuit)	1,610	760	855	1,610	760	855
Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Census data footnote 83}	4,350	2,090	2,260	4,350	2,090	2,260
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Census data footnote 84}	2,695	1,060	1,635	2,695	1,060	1,635
Non-Aboriginal identity	4,289,655	2,107,225	2,182,430	4,289,655	2,107,225	2,182,430
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 85}	4,560,240	2,237,485	2,322,750	4,560,240	2,237,485	2,322,750
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 86}	135,835	65,560	70,280	135,835	65,560	70,280
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	4,424,400	2,171,930	2,252,470	4,424,400	2,171,930	2,252,470
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 88}	91,710	45,690	46,020	91,710	45,690	46,020
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 89}	90,390	45,100	45,295	90,390	45,100	45,295
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 82}	79,875	39,685	40,190	79,875	39,685	40,190
Métis single ancestry	10,080	5,215	4,865	10,080	5,215	4,865
Inuit single ancestry	430	200	235	430	200	235
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 90}	1,325	595	725	1,325	595	725
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	1,175	535	635	1,175	535	635
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	100	50	50	100	50	50
Métis and Inuit ancestries	45	10	45	45	10	45
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 91}	211,100	100,835	110,260	211,100	100,835	110,260
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 92}	201,895	96,650	105,245	201,895	96,650	105,245
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	130,020	62,170	67,850	130,020	62,170	67,850
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	70,180	33,595	36,585	70,180	33,595	36,585
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,700	890	815	1,700	890	815
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 93}	9,200	4,185	5,015	9,200	4,185	5,015
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	8,865	4,050	4,810	8,865	4,050	4,810
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	165	75	90	165	75	90
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	125	35	90	125	35	90
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	45	20	20	45	20	20
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 94}	4,257,430	2,090,960	2,166,465	4,257,430	2,090,960	2,166,465
Visible minority population
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
Total visible minority population^{Census data footnote 96}	1,381,235	658,260	722,975	1,381,235	658,260	722,975
South Asian^{Census data footnote 97}	365,705	183,650	182,055	365,705	183,650	182,055
Chinese	508,480	237,805	270,670	508,480	237,805	270,670
Black	43,500	22,455	21,045	43,500	22,455	21,045
Filipino	145,025	62,505	82,520	145,025	62,505	82,520
Latin American	44,115	20,600	23,515	44,115	20,600	23,515
Arab	19,840	10,865	8,980	19,840	10,865	8,980
Southeast Asian^{Census data footnote 98}	54,920	25,975	28,950	54,920	25,975	28,950
West Asian^{Census data footnote 99}	48,695	24,880	23,810	48,695	24,880	23,810
Korean	60,495	27,915	32,580	60,495	27,915	32,580
Japanese	41,230	17,435	23,800	41,230	17,435	23,800
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 100}	8,760	4,280	4,485	8,760	4,280	4,485
Multiple visible minorities^{Census data footnote 101}	40,465	19,900	20,565	40,465	19,900	20,565
Not a visible minority^{Census data footnote 102}	3,179,005	1,579,230	1,599,775	3,179,005	1,579,230	1,599,775
Ethnic origin populationUpdate of the 2016 Census data on ethnic origin
Total - Ethnic origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 103}	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750	4,560,240	2,237,490	2,322,750
North American Aboriginal origins	302,810	146,530	156,280	302,810	146,530	156,280
First Nations (North American Indian)	220,245	106,595	113,650	220,245	106,595	113,650
Inuit	2,615	1,280	1,340	2,615	1,280	1,340
Métis	90,515	43,460	47,050	90,515	43,460	47,050
Other North American origins	922,690	460,355	462,335	922,690	460,355	462,335
Acadian	3,940	1,960	1,980	3,940	1,960	1,980
American	78,170	37,765	40,405	78,170	37,765	40,405
Canadian	866,530	432,975	433,560	866,530	432,975	433,560
New Brunswicker	60	45	15	60	45	15
Newfoundlander	1,875	995	880	1,875	995	880
Nova Scotian	185	95	85	185	95	85
Ontarian	130	55	75	130	55	75
Québécois	1,830	945	880	1,830	945	880
Other North American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 104}	405	175	230	405	175	230
European origins	2,857,080	1,408,510	1,448,575	2,857,080	1,408,510	1,448,575
British Isles origins	1,926,040	945,580	980,460	1,926,040	945,580	980,460
Channel Islander	455	230	220	455	230	220
Cornish	610	340	265	610	340	265
English	1,203,540	585,700	617,845	1,203,540	585,700	617,845
Irish	675,135	318,455	356,675	675,135	318,455	356,675
Manx	1,810	835	975	1,810	835	975
Scottish	860,775	417,080	443,700	860,775	417,080	443,700
Welsh	113,905	54,260	59,645	113,905	54,260	59,645
British Isles origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 105}	122,700	59,225	63,475	122,700	59,225	63,475
French origins	388,815	184,705	204,110	388,815	184,705	204,110
Alsatian	210	95	115	210	95	115
Breton	110	45	65	110	45	65
Corsican	105	40	65	105	40	65
French	388,580	184,595	203,980	388,580	184,595	203,980
Western European origins (except French origins)	839,860	411,165	428,695	839,860	411,165	428,695
Austrian	48,510	23,030	25,485	48,510	23,030	25,485
Bavarian	225	105	120	225	105	120
Belgian	19,980	9,615	10,360	19,980	9,615	10,360
Dutch	213,670	105,040	108,630	213,670	105,040	108,630
Flemish	2,215	1,145	1,075	2,215	1,145	1,075
Frisian	850	425	425	850	425	425
German	603,265	294,860	308,410	603,265	294,860	308,410
Luxembourger	695	340	355	695	340	355
Swiss	31,390	15,510	15,880	31,390	15,510	15,880
Western European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 106}	905	425	485	905	425	485
Northern European origins (except British Isles origins)	346,525	166,100	180,425	346,525	166,100	180,425
Danish	58,205	27,985	30,220	58,205	27,985	30,220
Finnish	34,150	16,285	17,870	34,150	16,285	17,870
Icelandic	26,410	12,860	13,545	26,410	12,860	13,545
Norwegian	138,430	66,870	71,565	138,430	66,870	71,565
Swedish	110,030	51,000	59,030	110,030	51,000	59,030
Northern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 107}	15,080	7,610	7,470	15,080	7,610	7,470
Eastern European origins	569,260	275,900	293,360	569,260	275,900	293,360
Bulgarian	4,015	1,875	2,140	4,015	1,875	2,140
Byelorussian	2,760	1,400	1,365	2,760	1,400	1,365
Czech	23,375	11,500	11,875	23,375	11,500	11,875
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 108}	7,970	3,795	4,175	7,970	3,795	4,175
Estonian	4,840	2,250	2,590	4,840	2,250	2,590
Hungarian	56,535	27,450	29,090	56,535	27,450	29,090
Latvian	4,935	2,565	2,370	4,935	2,565	2,370
Lithuanian	7,225	3,465	3,755	7,225	3,465	3,755
Moldovan	1,085	510	580	1,085	510	580
Polish	149,635	71,605	78,030	149,635	71,605	78,030
Romanian	31,250	15,125	16,125	31,250	15,125	16,125
Russian	131,060	62,880	68,180	131,060	62,880	68,180
Slovak	11,220	5,440	5,780	11,220	5,440	5,780
Ukrainian	229,205	111,285	117,915	229,205	111,285	117,915
Eastern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 109}	3,555	1,645	1,915	3,555	1,645	1,915
Southern European origins	334,740	164,780	169,960	334,740	164,780	169,960
Albanian	1,925	975	950	1,925	975	950
Bosnian	3,290	1,635	1,655	3,290	1,635	1,655
Catalan	120	85	30	120	85	30
Croatian	23,845	12,180	11,660	23,845	12,180	11,660
Cypriot	440	230	205	440	230	205
Greek	24,460	12,410	12,050	24,460	12,410	12,050
Italian	166,095	83,095	83,000	166,095	83,095	83,000
Kosovar	280	135	145	280	135	145
Macedonian	1,205	620	580	1,205	620	580
Maltese	2,645	1,350	1,295	2,645	1,350	1,295
Montenegrin	710	360	350	710	360	350
Portuguese	41,770	20,620	21,145	41,770	20,620	21,145
Serbian	12,895	6,625	6,270	12,895	6,625	6,270
Sicilian	545	295	255	545	295	255
Slovenian	5,555	2,725	2,825	5,555	2,725	2,825
Spanish	64,470	29,245	35,225	64,470	29,245	35,225
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 110}	7,080	3,360	3,725	7,080	3,360	3,725
Southern European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 111}	395	200	195	395	200	195
Other European origins	34,700	17,800	16,900	34,700	17,800	16,900
Basque	840	470	375	840	470	375
Jewish	17,580	8,950	8,635	17,580	8,950	8,635
Roma (Gypsy)	805	320	485	805	320	485
Slavic, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 112}	965	520	450	965	520	450
Other European origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 113}	14,715	7,635	7,080	14,715	7,635	7,080
Caribbean origins	25,010	12,350	12,660	25,010	12,350	12,660
Antiguan	220	115	105	220	115	105
Bahamian	255	140	110	255	140	110
Barbadian	1,870	945	930	1,870	945	930
Bermudan	335	155	175	335	155	175
Carib	70	50	25	70	50	25
Cuban	1,320	615	700	1,320	615	700
Dominican	735	330	410	735	330	410
Grenadian	380	195	185	380	195	185
Guadeloupean	15	0	15	15	0	15
Haitian	1,140	530	615	1,140	530	615
Jamaican	10,545	5,425	5,120	10,545	5,425	5,120
Kittitian/Nevisian	130	70	55	130	70	55
Martinican	25	0	20	25	0	20
Montserratan	25	15	10	25	15	10
Puerto Rican	570	260	310	570	260	310
St. Lucian	190	85	110	190	85	110
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	4,170	2,085	2,085	4,170	2,085	2,085
Vincentian/Grenadinian	415	180	230	415	180	230
West Indian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 114}	2,120	930	1,190	2,120	930	1,190
Caribbean origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 115}	1,920	945	975	1,920	945	975
Latin, Central and South American origins	69,920	33,580	36,335	69,920	33,580	36,335
Aboriginal from Central/South America (except Arawak and Maya)	2,625	1,350	1,275	2,625	1,350	1,275
Arawak	90	45	45	90	45	45
Argentinian	2,025	910	1,120	2,025	910	1,120
Belizean	125	60	65	125	60	65
Bolivian	375	145	230	375	145	230
Brazilian	5,455	2,465	2,990	5,455	2,465	2,990
Chilean	5,700	2,740	2,955	5,700	2,740	2,955
Colombian	5,860	2,805	3,055	5,860	2,805	3,055
Costa Rican	810	385	425	810	385	425
Ecuadorian	1,040	490	550	1,040	490	550
Guatemalan	2,575	1,310	1,265	2,575	1,310	1,265
Guyanese	1,925	995	935	1,925	995	935
Hispanic	1,535	720	810	1,535	720	810
Honduran	1,445	750	695	1,445	750	695
Maya	930	475	455	930	475	455
Mexican	23,055	11,025	12,035	23,055	11,025	12,035
Nicaraguan	1,520	735	785	1,520	735	785
Panamanian	325	140	185	325	140	185
Paraguayan	895	475	420	895	475	420
Peruvian	3,905	1,775	2,135	3,905	1,775	2,135
Salvadorean	6,815	3,390	3,425	6,815	3,390	3,425
Uruguayan	410	205	205	410	205	205
Venezuelan	1,900	915	980	1,900	915	980
Latin, Central and South American origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 116}	3,310	1,605	1,705	3,310	1,605	1,705
African origins	59,985	30,635	29,345	59,985	30,635	29,345
Central and West African origins	7,075	3,810	3,265	7,075	3,810	3,265
Akan	40	30	10	40	30	10
Angolan	90	55	35	90	55	35
Ashanti	85	30	50	85	30	50
Beninese	35	20	15	35	20	15
Burkinabe	45	30	15	45	30	15
Cameroonian	150	85	70	150	85	70
Chadian	70	50	25	70	50	25
Congolese	810	405	400	810	405	400
Edo	85	55	30	85	55	30
Ewe	55	25	30	55	25	30
Gabonese	10	0	10	10	0	10
Gambian	25	10	15	25	10	15
Ghanaian	1,600	865	730	1,600	865	730
Guinean	130	45	80	130	45	80
Ibo	280	160	115	280	160	115
Ivorian	100	55	50	100	55	50
Liberian	250	95	150	250	95	150
Malian	80	55	25	80	55	25
Malinké	10	0	0	10	0	0
Nigerian	2,615	1,430	1,185	2,615	1,430	1,185
Peulh	20	0	15	20	0	15
Senegalese	95	75	25	95	75	25
Sierra Leonean	130	60	65	130	60	65
Togolese	100	70	40	100	70	40
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	255	135	125	255	135	125
Central and West African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 117}	620	305	315	620	305	315
North African origins	9,840	5,210	4,630	9,840	5,210	4,630
Algerian	770	465	305	770	465	305
Berber	210	130	80	210	130	80
Coptic	150	90	65	150	90	65
Dinka	45	25	15	45	25	15
Egyptian	4,520	2,340	2,180	4,520	2,340	2,180
Libyan	420	275	140	420	275	140
Maure	150	60	90	150	60	90
Moroccan	2,005	1,105	895	2,005	1,105	895
Sudanese	1,225	535	695	1,225	535	695
Tunisian	500	290	215	500	290	215
North African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 118}	215	115	105	215	115	105
Southern and East African origins	24,800	12,345	12,450	24,800	12,345	12,450
Afrikaner	705	355	355	705	355	355
Amhara	115	60	50	115	60	50
Bantu, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 119}	255	140	120	255	140	120
Burundian	215	95	120	215	95	120
Djiboutian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eritrean	1,055	550	505	1,055	550	505
Ethiopian	2,550	1,280	1,270	2,550	1,280	1,270
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kenyan	1,615	775	845	1,615	775	845
Malagasy	105	65	40	105	65	40
Mauritian	975	520	450	975	520	450
Oromo	140	75	65	140	75	65
Rwandan	420	225	195	420	225	195
Seychellois	25	15	15	25	15	15
Somali	2,295	1,115	1,180	2,295	1,115	1,180
South African	11,060	5,510	5,550	11,060	5,510	5,550
Tanzanian	490	220	275	490	220	275
Tigrian	205	110	95	205	110	95
Ugandan	775	390	380	775	390	380
Zambian	210	95	110	210	95	110
Zimbabwean	855	445	405	855	445	405
Zulu	75	25	45	75	25	45
Southern and East African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 120}	1,840	910	930	1,840	910	930
Other African origins	19,215	9,745	9,465	19,215	9,745	9,465
Black, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 121}	2,660	1,315	1,340	2,660	1,315	1,340
Other African origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 122}	16,740	8,515	8,225	16,740	8,515	8,225
Asian origins	1,312,445	624,270	688,175	1,312,445	624,270	688,175
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins	99,560	51,315	48,245	99,560	51,315	48,245
Afghan	7,895	4,005	3,885	7,895	4,005	3,885
Arab, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 123}	5,660	3,125	2,540	5,660	3,125	2,540
Armenian	3,715	1,905	1,815	3,715	1,905	1,815
Assyrian	545	295	250	545	295	250
Azerbaijani	990	570	425	990	570	425
Georgian	740	380	355	740	380	355
Hazara	55	30	20	55	30	20
Iranian	47,985	24,290	23,695	47,985	24,290	23,695
Iraqi	5,575	2,860	2,715	5,575	2,860	2,715
Israeli	2,655	1,370	1,285	2,655	1,370	1,285
Jordanian	785	425	355	785	425	355
Kazakh	385	205	175	385	205	175
Kurd	2,120	1,165	950	2,120	1,165	950
Kuwaiti	125	85	40	125	85	40
Kyrgyz	175	90	85	175	90	85
Lebanese	7,980	4,175	3,805	7,980	4,175	3,805
Palestinian	2,625	1,410	1,210	2,625	1,410	1,210
Pashtun	360	200	160	360	200	160
Saudi Arabian	975	615	360	975	615	360
Syrian	3,955	1,905	2,055	3,955	1,905	2,055
Tajik	260	135	125	260	135	125
Tatar	790	365	425	790	365	425
Turk	6,355	3,485	2,865	6,355	3,485	2,865
Turkmen	120	70	55	120	70	55
Uighur	130	65	60	130	65	60
Uzbek	270	150	120	270	150	120
Yemeni	300	185	115	300	185	115
West Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 124}	2,635	1,340	1,295	2,635	1,340	1,295
South Asian origins	363,885	182,650	181,235	363,885	182,650	181,235
Bangladeshi	1,840	925	920	1,840	925	920
Bengali	850	405	445	850	405	445
Bhutanese	120	65	55	120	65	55
East Indian	309,315	154,795	154,520	309,315	154,795	154,520
Goan	485	245	240	485	245	240
Gujarati	700	335	365	700	335	365
Kashmiri	185	100	85	185	100	85
Nepali	1,495	690	805	1,495	690	805
Pakistani	12,585	6,565	6,015	12,585	6,565	6,015
Punjabi	38,725	19,700	19,025	38,725	19,700	19,025
Sinhalese	620	325	300	620	325	300
Sri Lankan	5,710	2,970	2,740	5,710	2,970	2,740
Tamil	1,235	670	560	1,235	670	560
South Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 125}	8,245	4,070	4,170	8,245	4,070	4,170
East and Southeast Asian origins	855,345	393,475	461,875	855,345	393,475	461,875
Burmese	2,310	1,135	1,175	2,310	1,135	1,175
Cambodian (Khmer)	3,235	1,580	1,655	3,235	1,580	1,655
Chinese	540,155	253,065	287,090	540,155	253,065	287,090
Filipino	158,215	68,710	89,505	158,215	68,710	89,505
Hmong	130	70	60	130	70	60
Indonesian	6,625	3,115	3,510	6,625	3,115	3,510
Japanese	51,150	22,200	28,945	51,150	22,200	28,945
Karen	895	450	445	895	450	445
Korean	63,300	29,330	33,975	63,300	29,330	33,975
Laotian	2,530	1,275	1,255	2,530	1,275	1,255
Malaysian	5,060	2,260	2,800	5,060	2,260	2,800
Mongolian	1,495	740	760	1,495	740	760
Singaporean	1,055	490	560	1,055	490	560
Taiwanese	21,455	9,810	11,650	21,455	9,810	11,650
Thai	5,065	1,870	3,195	5,065	1,870	3,195
Tibetan	550	290	260	550	290	260
Vietnamese	41,435	20,205	21,230	41,435	20,205	21,230
East and Southeast Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 126}	785	310	470	785	310	470
Other Asian origins	2,500	1,250	1,250	2,500	1,250	1,250
Other Asian origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 127}	2,500	1,250	1,255	2,500	1,250	1,255
Oceania origins	41,125	20,605	20,520	41,125	20,605	20,520
Australian	16,240	8,385	7,855	16,240	8,385	7,855
New Zealander	6,565	3,405	3,155	6,565	3,405	3,155
Pacific Islands origins	19,135	9,240	9,890	19,135	9,240	9,890
Fijian	14,145	6,895	7,250	14,145	6,895	7,250
Hawaiian	2,200	970	1,235	2,200	970	1,235
Maori	1,120	595	530	1,120	595	530
Polynesian, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 128}	600	275	325	600	275	325
Samoan	485	255	230	485	255	230
Pacific Islands origins, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 129}	905	440	465	905	440	465
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 130}	1,881,970	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Owner	1,279,020	...	...	1,279,020	...	...
Renter	599,360	...	...	599,360	...	...
Band housing	3,590	...	...	3,590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 131}	1,881,970	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Condominium	416,770	...	...	416,770	...	...
Not condominium	1,465,200	...	...	1,465,200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 132}	1,881,970	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
No bedrooms	22,705	...	...	22,705	...	...
1 bedroom	311,035	...	...	311,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	514,015	...	...	514,015	...	...
3 bedrooms	513,135	...	...	513,135	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	521,075	...	...	521,075	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 133}	1,881,970	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	642,910	...	...	642,910	...	...
5 rooms	274,780	...	...	274,780	...	...
6 rooms	235,845	...	...	235,845	...	...
7 rooms	199,715	...	...	199,715	...	...
8 or more rooms	528,720	...	...	528,720	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 134}	1,881,970	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
One person or fewer per room	1,839,850	...	...	1,839,850	...	...
More than 1 person per room	42,120	...	...	42,120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 135}	1,881,965	...	...	1,881,965	...	...
Suitable	1,781,905	...	...	1,781,905	...	...
Not suitable	100,060	...	...	100,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 136}	1,881,970	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1960 or before	267,560	...	...	267,560	...	...
1961 to 1980	559,485	...	...	559,485	...	...
1981 to 1990	289,565	...	...	289,565	...	...
1991 to 2000	331,865	...	...	331,865	...	...
2001 to 2005	125,335	...	...	125,335	...	...
2006 to 2010	171,945	...	...	171,945	...	...
2011 to 2016^{Census data footnote 137}	136,210	...	...	136,210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 138}	1,881,970	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
Only regular maintenance or minor repairs needed	1,763,105	...	...	1,763,105	...	...
Major repairs needed	118,865	...	...	118,865	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 139}	1,881,970	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
1 household maintainer	1,091,500	...	...	1,091,500	...	...
2 household maintainers	725,675	...	...	725,675	...	...
3 or more household maintainers	64,790	...	...	64,790	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 140}	1,881,970	...	...	1,881,970	...	...
15 to 24 years	58,620	...	...	58,620	...	...
25 to 34 years	253,950	...	...	253,950	...	...
35 to 44 years	304,185	...	...	304,185	...	...
45 to 54 years	378,545	...	...	378,545	...	...
55 to 64 years	390,185	...	...	390,185	...	...
65 to 74 years	288,165	...	...	288,165	...	...
75 to 84 years	152,225	...	...	152,225	...	...
85 years and over	56,085	...	...	56,085	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 141}	1,832,420	...	...	1,832,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	1,320,210	...	...	1,320,210	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	512,210	...	...	512,210	...	...
30% to less than 100%	420,705	...	...	420,705	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,242,600	...	...	1,242,600	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage^{Census data footnote 142}	58.6	...	...	58.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	20.7	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,149	...	...	1,149	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,387	...	...	1,387	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	500,874	...	...	500,874	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 144}	720,689	...	...	720,689	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	592,825	...	...	592,825	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing^{Census data footnote 145}	12.5	...	...	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs^{Census data footnote 141}	43.3	...	...	43.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,036	...	...	1,036	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)^{Census data footnote 143}	1,149	...	...	1,149	...	...
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	601,640	305,320	296,315	601,640	305,320	296,315
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	1,138,565	549,580	588,985	1,138,565	549,580	588,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,310	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	338,980	250,270	88,720	338,980	250,270	88,720
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	142,935	83,055	59,880	142,935	83,055	59,880
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	196,045	167,210	28,840	196,045	167,210	28,840
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	700,945	280,300	420,645	700,945	280,300	420,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	138,010	54,420	83,585	138,010	54,420	83,585
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	952,240	442,880	509,360	952,240	442,880	509,360
Bachelor's degree	622,670	281,020	341,655	622,670	281,020	341,655
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	69,005	28,575	40,430	69,005	28,575	40,430
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	29,110	16,690	12,420	29,110	16,690	12,420
Master's degree	195,825	94,360	101,465	195,825	94,360	101,465
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	35,625	22,240	13,390	35,625	22,240	13,390
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 146}	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,940	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,940
No certificate, diploma or degree	244,000	134,410	109,585	244,000	134,410	109,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 147}	671,010	330,835	340,175	671,010	330,835	340,175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,617,965	761,790	856,175	1,617,965	761,790	856,175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	231,445	172,290	59,155	231,445	172,290	59,155
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 148}	97,350	56,920	40,435	97,350	56,920	40,435
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 149}	134,095	115,370	18,725	134,095	115,370	18,725
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	528,805	210,880	317,925	528,805	210,880	317,925
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	99,695	39,205	60,490	99,695	39,205	60,490
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	758,015	339,415	418,605	758,015	339,415	418,605
Bachelor's degree	497,845	219,005	278,840	497,845	219,005	278,840
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	52,955	20,995	31,965	52,955	20,995	31,965
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	22,440	11,665	10,775	22,440	11,665	10,775
Master's degree	159,740	73,335	86,405	159,740	73,335	86,405
Earned doctorate^{Census data footnote 150}	25,030	14,420	10,615	25,030	14,420	10,615
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	1,740,205	854,900	885,300	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Education	144,100	34,915	109,185	144,100	34,915	109,185
13. Education	144,100	34,910	109,185	144,100	34,910	109,185
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	98,735	44,465	54,275	98,735	44,465	54,275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	16,970	12,880	4,090	16,970	12,880	4,090
50. Visual and performing arts	81,765	31,580	50,185	81,765	31,580	50,185
Humanities	124,600	49,025	75,575	124,600	49,025	75,575
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	15,235	3,675	11,555	15,235	3,675	11,555
23. English language and literature/letters	34,710	10,845	23,865	34,710	10,845	23,865
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35,720	13,670	22,050	35,720	13,670	22,050
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	585	210	375	585	210	375
38. Philosophy and religious studies	6,710	4,050	2,660	6,710	4,050	2,660
39. Theology and religious vocations	12,275	7,400	4,880	12,275	7,400	4,880
54. History	15,780	8,475	7,300	15,780	8,475	7,300
55. French language and literature/letters	3,580	705	2,880	3,580	705	2,880
Social and behavioural sciences and law	245,990	87,960	158,025	245,990	87,960	158,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	4,120	1,060	3,060	4,120	1,060	3,060
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	23,180	8,505	14,680	23,180	8,505	14,680
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	38,070	3,285	34,785	38,070	3,285	34,785
22. Legal professions and studies	38,505	13,545	24,955	38,505	13,545	24,955
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	4,325	1,345	2,985	4,325	1,345	2,985
42. Psychology	43,230	12,480	30,750	43,230	12,480	30,750
45. Social sciences	94,560	47,755	46,810	94,560	47,755	46,810
Business, management and public administration	426,460	166,470	259,990	426,460	166,470	259,990
30.16 Accounting and computer science	775	215	560	775	215	560
44. Public administration and social service professions	26,520	5,960	20,565	26,520	5,960	20,565
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	399,160	160,295	238,865	399,160	160,295	238,865
Physical and life sciences and technologies	86,425	46,070	40,355	86,425	46,070	40,355
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	36,760	16,800	19,960	36,760	16,800	19,960
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	19,025	9,400	9,620	19,025	9,400	9,620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	835	225	610	835	225	610
40. Physical sciences	26,370	18,395	7,975	26,370	18,395	7,975
41. Science technologies/technicians	3,440	1,255	2,185	3,440	1,255	2,185
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	80,070	51,490	28,575	80,070	51,490	28,575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	62,795	43,900	18,890	62,795	43,900	18,890
25. Library science	5,560	755	4,805	5,560	755	4,805
27. Mathematics and statistics	10,875	6,295	4,580	10,875	6,295	4,580
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	835	540	300	835	540	300
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	427,670	388,335	39,340	427,670	388,335	39,340
04. Architecture and related services	15,490	9,985	5,505	15,490	9,985	5,505
14. Engineering	98,455	81,055	17,395	98,455	81,055	17,395
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	68,500	60,490	8,010	68,500	60,490	8,010
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	90	25	65	90	25	65
46. Construction trades	100,765	97,615	3,150	100,765	97,615	3,150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	97,720	94,520	3,200	97,720	94,520	3,200
48. Precision production	46,660	44,650	2,015	46,660	44,650	2,015
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	50,210	31,680	18,525	50,210	31,680	18,525
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	24,950	13,670	11,275	24,950	13,670	11,275
03. Natural resources and conservation	25,260	18,010	7,250	25,260	18,010	7,250
Health and related fields	322,715	65,735	256,975	322,715	65,735	256,975
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	23,740	11,920	11,820	23,740	11,920	11,820
51. Health professions and related programs	290,645	48,985	241,655	290,645	48,985	241,655
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	8,330	4,835	3,495	8,330	4,835	3,495
Personal, protective and transportation services	122,855	61,605	61,250	122,855	61,605	61,250
12. Personal and culinary services	79,740	24,860	54,885	79,740	24,860	54,885
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	320	290	30	320	290	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	1,235	1,120	115	1,235	1,120	115
43. Security and protective services	13,935	10,390	3,545	13,935	10,390	3,545
49. Transportation and materials moving	27,620	24,945	2,680	27,620	24,945	2,680
Other	355	115	240	355	115	240
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	350	115	240	350	115	240
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 151}	2,532,980	1,227,040	1,305,935	2,532,980	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 152}	915,015	465,250	449,765	915,015	465,250	449,765
Education	96,005	21,035	74,970	96,005	21,035	74,970
13. Education	96,010	21,035	74,975	96,010	21,035	74,975
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	77,655	34,430	43,225	77,655	34,430	43,225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	12,710	9,580	3,130	12,710	9,580	3,130
50. Visual and performing arts	64,940	24,845	40,090	64,940	24,845	40,090
Humanities	93,605	35,490	58,115	93,605	35,490	58,115
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	11,710	2,510	9,195	11,710	2,510	9,195
23. English language and literature/letters	25,665	7,810	17,850	25,665	7,810	17,850
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	28,260	10,505	17,750	28,260	10,505	17,750
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 153}	425	170	255	425	170	255
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,970	2,960	2,010	4,970	2,960	2,010
39. Theology and religious vocations	8,330	4,945	3,385	8,330	4,945	3,385
54. History	11,805	6,140	5,665	11,805	6,140	5,665
55. French language and literature/letters	2,445	455	2,000	2,445	455	2,000
Social and behavioural sciences and law	196,450	67,000	129,450	196,450	67,000	129,450
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	3,460	845	2,615	3,460	845	2,615
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	19,685	6,940	12,750	19,685	6,940	12,750
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	29,855	2,505	27,350	29,855	2,505	27,350
22. Legal professions and studies	31,190	9,665	21,525	31,190	9,665	21,525
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 154}	3,540	1,110	2,425	3,540	1,110	2,425
42. Psychology	33,055	8,845	24,210	33,055	8,845	24,210
45. Social sciences	75,665	37,095	38,575	75,665	37,095	38,575
Business, management and public administration	335,220	128,975	206,245	335,220	128,975	206,245
30.16 Accounting and computer science	540	170	365	540	170	365
44. Public administration and social service professions	20,695	4,240	16,455	20,695	4,240	16,455
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	313,985	124,565	189,425	313,985	124,565	189,425
Physical and life sciences and technologies	63,705	32,325	31,385	63,705	32,325	31,385
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	28,505	12,595	15,915	28,505	12,595	15,915
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	13,825	6,570	7,260	13,825	6,570	7,260
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 155}	645	160	485	645	160	485
40. Physical sciences	18,525	12,250	6,270	18,525	12,250	6,270
41. Science technologies/technicians	2,210	750	1,460	2,210	750	1,460
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	68,660	44,820	23,840	68,660	44,820	23,840
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	56,390	39,660	16,725	56,390	39,660	16,725
25. Library science	3,830	545	3,290	3,830	545	3,290
27. Mathematics and statistics	7,760	4,185	3,570	7,760	4,185	3,570
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 156}	680	430	250	680	430	250
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	310,855	277,375	33,475	310,855	277,375	33,475
04. Architecture and related services	12,110	7,240	4,875	12,110	7,240	4,875
14. Engineering	76,935	61,380	15,560	76,935	61,380	15,560
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	48,690	42,285	6,405	48,690	42,285	6,405
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	20	45	65	20	45
46. Construction trades	72,800	70,225	2,570	72,800	70,225	2,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	69,025	66,545	2,480	69,025	66,545	2,480
48. Precision production	31,225	29,690	1,535	31,225	29,690	1,535
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	39,360	23,810	15,555	39,360	23,810	15,555
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	18,965	9,875	9,090	18,965	9,875	9,090
03. Natural resources and conservation	20,395	13,930	6,470	20,395	13,930	6,470
Health and related fields	244,975	50,520	194,460	244,975	50,520	194,460
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	18,900	9,380	9,520	18,900	9,380	9,520
51. Health professions and related programs	219,800	37,800	182,000	219,800	37,800	182,000
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	6,285	3,340	2,940	6,285	3,340	2,940
Personal, protective and transportation services	91,185	45,925	45,265	91,185	45,925	45,265
12. Personal and culinary services	58,820	18,880	39,945	58,820	18,880	39,945
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	195	165	30	195	165	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	570	505	65	570	505	65
43. Security and protective services	11,175	8,110	3,060	11,175	8,110	3,060
49. Transportation and materials moving	20,430	18,265	2,165	20,430	18,265	2,165
Other	275	85	185	275	85	185
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	270	85	185	270	85	185
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610	3,870,380	1,882,770	1,987,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,740,205	854,900	885,300	1,740,205	854,900	885,300
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,305	2,130,175	1,027,870	1,102,305
Location of study inside Canada	1,625,550	785,340	840,205	1,625,550	785,340	840,205
Same as province or territory of residence	1,243,905	593,275	650,635	1,243,905	593,275	650,635
Different than province or territory of residence	381,645	192,070	189,575	381,645	192,070	189,575
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	504,630	242,530	262,100	504,630	242,530	262,100
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	74,030	40,425	33,610	74,030	40,425	33,610
Philippines	56,845	20,455	36,395	56,845	20,455	36,395
India	44,115	22,045	22,065	44,115	22,045	22,065
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	58,825	31,920	26,910	58,825	31,920	26,910
China^{Census data footnote 162}	61,840	27,630	34,210	61,840	27,630	34,210
France	4,385	2,360	2,025	4,385	2,360	2,025
Other	204,580	97,700	106,885	204,580	97,700	106,885
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence with countries outside Canada for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 157}	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,935	2,532,975	1,227,040	1,305,935
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	915,015	465,250	449,765	915,015	465,250	449,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 158}	1,617,960	761,790	856,170	1,617,960	761,790	856,170
Location of study inside Canada	1,239,640	589,155	650,490	1,239,640	589,155	650,490
Same as province or territory of residence	970,485	454,780	515,700	970,485	454,780	515,700
Different than province or territory of residence	269,155	134,375	134,785	269,155	134,375	134,785
Location of study outside Canada^{Census data footnote 159}	378,325	172,640	205,685	378,325	172,640	205,685
United States^{Census data footnote 160}	50,095	26,175	23,920	50,095	26,175	23,920
Philippines	48,935	17,385	31,555	48,935	17,385	31,555
India	36,800	17,455	19,345	36,800	17,455	19,345
United Kingdom^{Census data footnote 161}	32,890	17,360	15,530	32,890	17,360	15,530
China^{Census data footnote 162}	53,570	23,445	30,125	53,570	23,445	30,125
France	3,505	1,885	1,615	3,505	1,885	1,615
Other	152,530	68,935	83,595	152,530	68,935	83,595
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by Labour force status - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 163}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,610	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,610
In the labour force	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Employed	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Unemployed	165,975	91,385	74,590	165,975	91,385	74,590
Not in the labour force	1,398,710	596,935	801,775	1,398,710	596,935	801,775
Participation rate	63.9	68.3	59.7	63.9	68.3	59.7
Employment rate	59.6	63.4	55.9	59.6	63.4	55.9
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.1	6.3	6.7	7.1	6.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 164}	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605	3,870,375	1,882,770	1,987,605
Did not work^{Census data footnote 165}	1,290,235	547,350	742,885	1,290,235	547,350	742,885
Worked	2,580,140	1,335,420	1,244,720	2,580,140	1,335,420	1,244,720
Worked full year, full time^{Census data footnote 166}	1,183,405	675,950	507,460	1,183,405	675,950	507,460
Worked part year and/or part time^{Census data footnote 167}	1,396,735	659,470	737,260	1,396,735	659,470	737,260
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.4	41.1	41.8	42.4	41.1
Class of worker
Total labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 168}	2,471,670	1,285,840	1,185,835	2,471,670	1,285,840	1,185,835
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	43,805	21,245	22,555	43,805	21,245	22,555
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 170}	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,275	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,275
Employee	2,084,470	1,054,630	1,029,840	2,084,470	1,054,630	1,029,840
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 171}	343,395	209,955	133,430	343,395	209,955	133,430
Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 172}	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	43,805	21,245	22,560	43,805	21,245	22,560
All occupations^{Census data footnote 170}	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,270	2,427,860	1,264,585	1,163,270
0 Management occupations	275,000	168,820	106,180	275,000	168,820	106,180
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	368,940	106,205	262,740	368,940	106,205	262,740
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	161,520	127,060	34,460	161,520	127,060	34,460
3 Health occupations	162,865	35,775	127,095	162,865	35,775	127,095
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	269,255	87,765	181,485	269,255	87,765	181,485
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	93,100	44,855	48,245	93,100	44,855	48,245
6 Sales and service occupations	595,225	251,490	343,735	595,225	251,490	343,735
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	360,970	339,660	21,315	360,970	339,660	21,315
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	64,235	47,530	16,700	64,235	47,530	16,700
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	76,745	55,430	21,315	76,745	55,430	21,315
Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012
Total labour force population aged 15 years and over by Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 173}	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830	2,471,665	1,285,835	1,185,830
Industry - NAICS2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 169}	43,805	21,250	22,555	43,805	21,250	22,555
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 170}	2,427,865	1,264,590	1,163,270	2,427,865	1,264,590	1,163,270
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65,205	42,840	22,360	65,205	42,840	22,360
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25,920	21,810	4,115	25,920	21,810	4,115
22 Utilities	12,445	8,915	3,535	12,445	8,915	3,535
23 Construction	199,985	175,195	24,790	199,985	175,195	24,790
31-33 Manufacturing	157,560	113,945	43,615	157,560	113,945	43,615
41 Wholesale trade	82,105	55,530	26,580	82,105	55,530	26,580
44-45 Retail trade	283,135	129,985	153,150	283,135	129,985	153,150
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	128,400	98,580	29,815	128,400	98,580	29,815
51 Information and cultural industries	67,225	41,065	26,155	67,225	41,065	26,155
52 Finance and insurance	93,805	38,430	55,380	93,805	38,430	55,380
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	54,995	29,515	25,475	54,995	29,515	25,475
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	196,670	107,680	88,990	196,670	107,680	88,990
55 Management of companies and enterprises	4,320	1,975	2,345	4,320	1,975	2,345
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	109,095	62,325	46,775	109,095	62,325	46,775
61 Educational services	173,820	56,455	117,365	173,820	56,455	117,365
62 Health care and social assistance	270,855	52,320	218,530	270,855	52,320	218,530
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	57,940	29,050	28,895	57,940	29,050	28,895
72 Accommodation and food services	207,045	86,555	120,490	207,045	86,555	120,490
81 Other services (except public administration)	112,335	47,960	64,375	112,335	47,960	64,375
91 Public administration	125,000	64,450	60,545	125,000	64,450	60,545
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 174}	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240	2,305,690	1,194,455	1,111,240
Worked at home	196,510	95,515	100,990	196,510	95,515	100,990
Worked outside Canada	16,040	11,285	4,760	16,040	11,285	4,760
No fixed workplace address	326,180	243,130	83,050	326,180	243,130	83,050
Worked at usual place	1,766,965	844,520	922,440	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commuting destinationUpdate of the 2016 Census commuting destination data
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	1,766,965	844,520	922,440	1,766,965	844,520	922,440
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	864,410	382,105	482,305	864,410	382,105	482,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	807,840	405,435	402,400	807,840	405,435	402,400
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	81,750	47,820	33,930	81,750	47,820	33,930
Commute to a different province or territory	12,965	9,160	3,805	12,965	9,160	3,805
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 175}	2,093,145	1,087,655	1,005,490	2,093,145	1,087,655	1,005,490
Car, truck, van - as a driver	1,475,585	803,485	672,095	1,475,585	803,485	672,095
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	114,580	49,075	65,500	114,580	49,075	65,500
Public transit	274,205	117,830	156,375	274,205	117,830	156,375
Walked	142,310	62,395	79,920	142,310	62,395	79,920
Bicycle	51,350	32,665	18,680	51,350	32,665	18,680
Other method	35,115	22,195	12,915	35,115	22,195	12,915
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 176}	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Less than 15 minutes	601,950	276,005	325,950	601,950	276,005	325,950
15 to 29 minutes	689,520	353,590	335,925	689,520	353,590	335,925
30 to 44 minutes	425,680	237,995	187,685	425,680	237,995	187,685
45 to 59 minutes	184,690	104,220	80,465	184,690	104,220	80,465
60 minutes and over	191,305	115,840	75,470	191,305	115,840	75,470
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 177}	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490	2,093,140	1,087,650	1,005,490
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	142,370	101,315	41,050	142,370	101,315	41,050
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	342,500	214,795	127,700	342,500	214,795	127,700
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	526,485	271,110	255,375	526,485	271,110	255,375
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	470,210	202,910	267,295	470,210	202,910	267,295
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	292,185	125,470	166,715	292,185	125,470	166,715
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	319,400	172,045	147,355	319,400	172,045	147,355
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 178}	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
Single responses	2,622,495	1,354,780	1,267,710	2,622,495	1,354,780	1,267,710
Official languages	2,537,990	1,309,980	1,228,015	2,537,990	1,309,980	1,228,015
English	2,531,850	1,308,325	1,223,530	2,531,850	1,308,325	1,223,530
French	6,140	1,660	4,485	6,140	1,660	4,485
Non-official languages	84,500	44,805	39,705	84,500	44,805	39,705
Aboriginal languages	260	75	180	260	75	180
Algonquian languages	15	0	10	15	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	10	0	0	10
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	10	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	10	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	45	15	30	45	15	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	15	30	45	15	30
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	20	0	15	20	0	15
Chilcotin	20	10	10	20	10	10
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	10	0	0	10	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	10	0	0	10
Inuit languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	110	30	85	110	30	85
Comox	10	0	10	10	0	10
Halkomelem	15	0	15	15	0	15
Lillooet	15	0	0	15	0	0
Okanagan	20	0	20	20	0	20
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	30	10	25	30	10	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	15	0	10	15	0	10
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	10	0	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	25	10	20	25	10	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	0	0	15	0	0
Nisga'a	10	10	10	10	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	30	10	20	30	10	20
Haisla	10	0	10	10	0	10
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	10	10	10	10	10	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	10	10	10	10
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	15	10	0	15	10	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	84,245	44,730	39,520	84,245	44,730	39,520
Afro-Asiatic languages	440	295	145	440	295	145
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	10	0	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	10	0	10	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	435	295	135	435	295	135
Amharic	15	15	0	15	15	0
Arabic	320	235	85	320	235	85
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	20	10	25	20	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	75	30	50	75	30	50
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,505	1,165	1,345	2,505	1,165	1,345
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	30	20	45	30	20
Vietnamese	2,460	1,140	1,325	2,460	1,140	1,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	825	385	440	825	385	440
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	0	20	20	0	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	30	15	20	30	15	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	65	35	20	65	35	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	695	320	375	695	320	375
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	20	15	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	20	30	15	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	30	10	15	30	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	23,765	13,305	10,460	23,765	13,305	10,460
Albanian	15	15	0	15	15	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	950	440	510	950	440	510
Baltic languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	10	0	0
Slavic languages	935	435	500	935	435	500
Belarusan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	15	0	10	15	0	10
Bulgarian	10	0	10	10	0	10
Croatian	30	10	25	30	10	25
Czech	40	20	10	40	20	10
Macedonian	0	0	10	0	0	10
Polish	115	50	70	115	50	70
Russian	565	255	315	565	255	315
Serbian	95	55	40	95	55	40
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	0	15	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	25	15	40	25	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	10	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	805	465	335	805	465	335
Afrikaans	15	10	0	15	10	0
Danish	15	15	0	15	15	0
Dutch	120	70	45	120	70	45
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
German	590	330	260	590	330	260
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	10	15	10	10
Swedish	25	20	10	25	20	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	10	10	10	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	55	25	30	55	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages	19,805	11,280	8,535	19,805	11,280	8,535
Indo-Aryan languages	18,715	10,560	8,160	18,715	10,560	8,160
Bengali	15	15	0	15	15	0
Gujarati	35	15	25	35	15	25
Hindi	300	185	110	300	185	110
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	10	10	20	10	10
Oriya (Odia)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,295	10,310	7,985	18,295	10,310	7,985
Sindhi	0	0	10	0	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	45	25	25	45	25	25
Iranian languages	1,085	720	365	1,085	720	365
Kurdish	25	25	0	25	25	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi)	1,060	700	360	1,060	700	360
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,140	1,085	1,060	2,140	1,085	1,060
Catalan	10	10	0	10	10	0
Italian	110	50	60	110	50	60
Portuguese	515	255	260	515	255	260
Romanian	70	45	25	70	45	25
Spanish	1,435	725	710	1,435	725	710
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	1,730	650	1,080	1,730	650	1,080
Kartvelian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Korean	5,585	3,005	2,585	5,585	3,005	2,585
Mongolic languages	10	10	0	10	10	0
Mongolian	10	10	0	10	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	15	0	10	15	0
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ewe	10	0	0	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	280	90	190	280	90	190
American Sign Language	215	45	165	215	45	165
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e	70	45	25	70	45	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	48,735	25,645	23,085	48,735	25,645	23,085
Chinese languages	48,645	25,595	23,055	48,645	25,595	23,055
Cantonese	23,555	12,020	11,535	23,555	12,020	11,535
Hakka	15	0	10	15	0	10
Mandarin	23,835	12,935	10,900	23,835	12,935	10,900
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	120	85	210	120	85
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	20	50	25	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	985	485	500	985	485	500
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	85	50	30	85	50	30
Burmese	25	15	15	25	15	15
Karenic languages	55	35	15	55	35	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	170	65	110	170	65	110
Lao	10	0	10	10	0	10
Thai	165	65	105	165	65	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	50	15	65	50	15
Azerbaijani	0	10	0	0	10	0
Turkish	55	40	15	55	40	15
Uyghur	0	10	0	0	10	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	20	25	45	20	25
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	25	10	15	25	10	15
Hungarian	25	10	15	25	10	15
Uralic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	35	20	20
Multiple responses	48,205	23,795	24,410	48,205	23,795	24,410
English and French	4,210	1,865	2,345	4,210	1,865	2,345
English and non-official language	43,480	21,760	21,720	43,480	21,760	21,720
French and non-official language	55	30	25	55	30	25
English, French and non-official language	465	145	320	465	145	320
Other language used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 179}	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120	2,670,700	1,378,580	1,292,120
None	2,498,070	1,293,650	1,204,420	2,498,070	1,293,650	1,204,420
English	36,505	18,270	18,235	36,505	18,270	18,235
French	22,465	10,170	12,300	22,465	10,170	12,300
Non-official language	110,375	54,925	55,455	110,375	54,925	55,455
Aboriginal	1,860	630	1,225	1,860	630	1,225
Non-Aboriginal	108,515	54,295	54,225	108,515	54,295	54,225
English and French	60	40	15	60	40	15
English and non-official language	1,155	545	610	1,155	545	610
French and non-official language	2,070	980	1,090	2,070	980	1,090
English, French and non-official language	10	0	0	10	0	0
Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 180}	4,516,810	2,215,515	2,301,295	4,516,810	2,215,515	2,301,295
Non-movers	3,811,375	1,868,420	1,942,945	3,811,375	1,868,420	1,942,945
Movers	705,440	347,095	358,345	705,440	347,095	358,345
Non-migrants	386,620	189,765	196,855	386,620	189,765	196,855
Migrants	318,825	157,335	161,490	318,825	157,335	161,490
Internal migrants	249,960	123,425	126,540	249,960	123,425	126,540
Intraprovincial migrants	188,225	92,150	96,070	188,225	92,150	96,070
Interprovincial migrants	61,740	31,275	30,465	61,740	31,275	30,465
External migrants	68,860	33,910	34,950	68,860	33,910	34,950
Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 181}	4,339,960	2,124,780	2,215,180	4,339,960	2,124,780	2,215,180
Non-movers	2,490,535	1,220,635	1,269,905	2,490,535	1,220,635	1,269,905
Movers	1,849,425	904,145	945,275	1,849,425	904,145	945,275
Non-migrants	940,895	460,185	480,710	940,895	460,185	480,710
Migrants	908,535	443,965	464,570	908,535	443,965	464,570
Internal migrants	672,805	329,700	343,105	672,805	329,700	343,105
Intraprovincial migrants	503,685	245,895	257,795	503,685	245,895	257,795
Interprovincial migrants	169,115	83,805	85,310	169,115	83,805	85,310
External migrants	235,730	114,265	121,465	235,730	114,265	121,465

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2016 and 2011 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

'Private dwelling' refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Private dwelling.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

'Private dwelling occupied by usual residents' refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

Total - Age groups and average age of the population - 100% data

For data on the population by single years of age, refer to the table titled 'Age (in single years) and average age' in the census data tables.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data

'Structural type' refers to the structural characteristics and/or dwelling configuration, that is, whether the dwelling is a single-detached house, an apartment in a high-rise building, a row house, a mobile home, etc.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

Other attached dwelling

The category 'Other attached-dwelling' is a subtotal of the following categories: semi-detached house, row house, apartment or flat in a duplex, apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys and other single-attached house.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Movable dwelling

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

Total - Private households by household size - 100% data

Household size refers to the number of persons in a private household.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Total - Population aged 15 years and over by marital status - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data

Census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children of either and/or both spouses), a common-law couple (with or without children of either and/or both partners) or a lone parent of any marital status, with at least one child living in the same dwelling. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Total number of census families in private households - 100% data

'Census family structure' refers to the combination of relatives that comprise a census family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners and children.

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Total - Private households by household type - 100% data

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Household type.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

One-census-family households - Without children in a census family

The household includes a single couple (without children). Other persons related or unrelated to the couple may also be present.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

One-census-family households - With children in a census family

The household includes either a couple with children or a lone parent and his or her children. Other persons related or unrelated to the census family may also be present.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Official language minority

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as 'spoken most often at home' if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which he or she feels most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where two languages are spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If both languages are used equally often, then both languages are included here.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the languages, if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language or languages he or she speaks most often at home.

Total population excluding institutional residents refers to the total population excluding persons who live in institutional collective dwellings.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 23

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 24

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 25

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 26

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 27

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 28

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 29

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 30

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 32

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 33

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable "economic family structure," Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 41

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 42

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 43

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 45

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 46

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

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Footnote 47

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

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Footnote 48

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 49

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

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Footnote 50

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 51

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 52

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

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Footnote 53

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2016.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2016 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on immigration and place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 55

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 56

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

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Footnote 57

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

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Footnote 58

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

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Footnote 59

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 60

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

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Footnote 61

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Footnote 62

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

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Footnote 63

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

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Footnote 64

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 65

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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Footnote 66

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

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Footnote 67

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

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Footnote 68

Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 69

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 70

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 71

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 72

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on the application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.In the 2016 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 10, 2016.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 73

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

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Footnote 74

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 75

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on the application for permanent residence.

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Footnote 76

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

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Footnote 77

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

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Footnote 78

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

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Footnote 79

Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 81

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 82

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 83

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 84

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 85

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 86

'Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 87

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 88

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 89

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 90

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 91

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 92

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 93

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 94

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 95

Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

For more information on the Visible minority variable, including information on its classification, the questions from which it is derived, data quality and its comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 96

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 97

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan', etc.

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Footnote 98

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Laotian,' 'Thai,' etc.

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Footnote 99

For example, 'Afghan,' 'Iranian,' etc.

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Footnote 100

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes persons with a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 101

Includes persons who gave more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in responses, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 102

Includes persons who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal group question (Question 18), as well as persons who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 103

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ethnic groups in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic origin in the census.

'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. An ancestor is usually more distant than a grandparent. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 104

Includes general responses indicating North American origins (e.g., 'North American') as well as more specific responses indicating North American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maritimer').

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Footnote 105

Includes general responses indicating British Isles origins (e.g., 'British,' 'United Kingdom') as well as more specific responses indicating British Isles origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Celtic').

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Footnote 106

Includes general responses indicating Western European origins (e.g., 'Western European') as well as more specific responses indicating Western European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Liechtensteiner').

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Footnote 107

Includes general responses indicating Northern European origins (e.g., 'Northern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Northern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Faroese,' 'Scandinavian').

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Footnote 108

Includes responses of 'Czechoslovakian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 109

Includes general responses indicating Eastern European origins (e.g., 'Eastern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Eastern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baltic').

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Footnote 110

Includes responses of 'Yugoslavian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 111

Includes general responses indicating Southern European origins (e.g., 'Southern European') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Gibraltarian').

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Footnote 112

Includes responses of 'Slavic,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 113

Includes general responses indicating Other European origins (e.g., 'European') as well as more specific responses indicating European origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Central European').

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Footnote 114

Includes responses of 'West Indian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 115

Includes general responses indicating Caribbean origins (e.g., 'Antilles,' 'Caribbean') as well as more specific responses indicating Caribbean origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Aruban').

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Footnote 116

Includes general responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins (e.g., 'South American') as well as more specific responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Surinamese').

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Footnote 117

Includes general responses indicating Central or West African origins (e.g., 'West African') as well as more specific responses indicating Central or West African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Luba,' 'Mossi').

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Footnote 118

Includes general responses indicating North African origins (e.g., 'North African') as well as more specific responses indicating North African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Maghreb').

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Footnote 119

Includes responses of 'Bantu,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 120

Includes general responses indicating Southern or East African origins (e.g., 'East African') as well as more specific responses indicating Southern or East African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Hutu,' 'Shona').

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Footnote 121

Includes responses of 'Black,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 122

Includes general responses indicating Other African origins (e.g., 'African') as well as more specific responses indicating Other African origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Saharan').

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Footnote 123

Includes responses of 'Arab,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 124

Includes general responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins (e.g., 'West Asian,' 'Middle Eastern') as well as more specific responses indicating West Asian, Central Asian and Middle Eastern origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Baloch,' 'Circassian').

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Footnote 125

Includes general responses indicating South Asian origins (e.g., 'South Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating South Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Telugu').

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Footnote 126

Includes general responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins (e.g., 'Southeast Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating East and Southeast Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Bruneian').

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Footnote 127

Includes general responses indicating Other Asian origins (e.g., 'Asian') as well as more specific responses indicating Other Asian origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Eurasian').

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Footnote 128

Includes responses of 'Polynesian,' not otherwise specified.

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Footnote 129

Includes general responses indicating Pacific Islands origins (e.g., 'Pacific Islander') as well as more specific responses indicating Pacific Islands origins that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Tahitian').

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Footnote 130

Tenure - Refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, band housing, has been created and is included in the classification of tenure.

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Footnote 131

Condominium status - Refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

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Footnote 132

Bedrooms - Refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

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Footnote 133

Rooms - Refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year-round living. The number of rooms of a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms of a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

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Footnote 134

Persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

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Footnote 135

Housing suitability - Refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

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Footnote 136

Period of construction - Refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed. This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodelling, additions or conversions.

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Footnote 137

Includes data up to May 10, 2016.

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Footnote 138

Dwelling condition - Refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

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Footnote 139

Number of household maintainers - Refers to the number of persons of the same household who have been identified as household maintainers.

A household maintainer is a person residing in the household who is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

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Footnote 140

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

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Footnote 141

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households living in owned or rented dwellings who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households living in band housing, located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2016, while household total income is reported for the year 2015. As well, for some households, the 2015 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

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Footnote 142

Presence of mortgage payments - Refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

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Footnote 143

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households that own or rent their dwelling.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

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Footnote 144

Value (owner estimated) of private dwelling - Refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

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Footnote 145

Subsidized housing - Refers to whether the dwelling is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

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Footnote 146

Highest certificate, diploma or degree is the classification used in the census to measure the broader concept of 'Educational attainment.'

This variable refers to the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed and is derived from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported.

The general hierarchy used in deriving this variable (high school, trades, college, university) is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. At the detailed level, someone who has completed one type of certificate, diploma or degree will not necessarily have completed the credentials listed below it in the hierarchy. For example, a person with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma may not have completed a high school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a 'master's degree' necessarily have a 'certificate or diploma above bachelor level.' Although the hierarchy may not fit all programs perfectly, it gives a general measure of educational attainment.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree', available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 147

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 148

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 149

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 150

'Earned doctorate' refers to persons who have completed a doctorate degree awarded by a university. This includes, for example, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) and Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). It does not include honorary doctorates.

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Footnote 151

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 152

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 153

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 154

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 155

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 156

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 157

'Location of study' refers to either:

the province, territory or country of the institution from which a person obtained a certificate, diploma or degree, or;
the province, territory or country of the institution that a person attended during a specified reference period, or for a specific level of education.

In both cases, location of study refers to the location of the institution granting the certificate, diploma or degree, not the location of the person at the time he or she obtained the qualification or was attending the institution. The geographic location is specified according to boundaries current at the time the data are collected, not the boundaries at the time of study.

This is a summary variable that indicates whether the 'Location of study' of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree was the same province or territory where the person lived at the time of the 2016 Census of Population, a different Canadian province or territory, or outside Canada. This variable is derived from 'Location of study' and 'Province or territory of current residence.' It only applies to individuals who had completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

'Location of study outside Canada' may be further sub-classified using the Standard Classification of Countries and Areas of Interest (SCCAI). When using the SCCAI for this sub-classification, the class 'Canada' is not used.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for 'Location of study compared with province or territory of residence,' refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 158

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 159

Refers to all locations of study outside Canada, including the six locations outside Canada most often reported at the national level. These will not necessarily be the top six countries for other geographies.

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Footnote 160

The official name of United States is United States of America.

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Footnote 161

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Footnote 162

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

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Footnote 163

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called Labour force activity.

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Footnote 164

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 165

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015 and persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 166

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2015.

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Footnote 167

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year mostly full time or part year mostly part time in 2015. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 168

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 169

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 170

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 171

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 172

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 173

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 174

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 175

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 176

Refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel between his or her place of residence and his or her place of work.

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Footnote 177

Refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves home to go to their place of work.

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Footnote 178

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as 'used most often at work' if the languages are used equally often.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used most often at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 179

Other language(s) used regularly at work refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages he or she uses most often at work.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 180

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 181

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Return to footnote 181 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2017. British Columbia [Province] and British Columbia [Province] (table). Census Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Ottawa. Released November 29, 2017.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 6, 2024).

Date modified:: 2021-10-27

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
British Columbia [Province] and British Columbia [Province]

Census Profile, 2016 Census British Columbia [Province] and British Columbia [Province]

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Census Profile, 2016 Census
British Columbia [Province] and British Columbia [Province]