Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mississauga, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	717,961
Population, 2016¹	721,599
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.5
Total private dwellings²	254,089
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	244,575
Population density per square kilometre	2,452.5
Land area in square kilometres	292.74
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	717,960
0 to 14 years	109,320
0 to 4 years	31,595
5 to 9 years	36,740
10 to 14 years	40,980
15 to 64 years	489,245
15 to 19 years	44,665
20 to 24 years	51,660
25 to 29 years	51,740
30 to 34 years	48,420
35 to 39 years	46,900
40 to 44 years	44,290
45 to 49 years	46,350
50 to 54 years	51,670
55 to 59 years	55,175
60 to 64 years	48,360
65 years and over	119,400
65 to 69 years	37,880
70 to 74 years	30,975
75 to 79 years	21,165
80 to 84 years	14,710
85 years and over	14,670
85 to 89 years	9,115
90 to 94 years	4,285
95 to 99 years	1,125
100 years and over	155
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.2
15 to 64 years	68.1
65 years and over	16.6
85 years and over	2.0
Average age of the population	41.1
Median age of the population	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	244,575
Single-detached house	90,660
Semi-detached house	26,855
Row house	34,455
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,895
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	17,545
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	66,830
Other single-attached house	80
Movable dwelling⁴	255
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	244,575
1 person	47,335
2 persons	67,705
3 persons	47,360
4 persons	47,210
5 or more persons	34,965
Number of persons in private households	712,825
Average household size	2.9
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	608,645
Married or living common-law	342,985
Married	316,235
Living common-law	26,750
Living common law - Never married	18,380
Living common law - Separated	1,320
Living common law - Divorced	6,410
Living common law - Widowed	645
Not married and not living common-law	265,660
Not married and not living common law - Never married	190,760
Not married and not living common law - Separated	14,180
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30,475
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	30,240
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	200,800
2 persons	81,180
3 persons	50,845
4 persons	48,155
5 or more persons	20,620
Average size of census families	3.1
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	200,800
Total couple families	165,710
Married couples	152,350
With children⁶	100,340
Without children	52,010
Common-law couples	13,355
With children⁶	5,330
Without children	8,025
Total one-parent families	35,090
in which the parent is a woman+	28,715
in which the parent is a man+	6,380
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	712,825
Total - Persons in census families	617,560
Married spouses or common-law partners	331,415
Parents in one-parent families	35,095
Children⁶	251,055
In a two-parent family	196,690
In a one-parent family	54,365
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	95,265
Living alone	47,335
Living with other relatives⁷	23,355
Living with non-relatives only	24,575
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	244,575
One-census-family households without additional persons	158,795
Couple-family households	133,805
With children⁶	87,100
Without children	46,705
One-parent-family households	24,990
Multigenerational households⁸	15,945
Multiple-census-family households⁹	3,305
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	9,850
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	9,350
One-person households	47,335
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	603,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	571,335
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	571,620
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	502,730
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	416,025
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	518,755
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,615
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	188,245
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	603,595
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	571,305
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,150
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	571,595
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	502,720
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	416,030
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,450
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	519,055
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,110
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,365
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,300
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	187,375
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	603,590
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	200,090
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	156,125
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	603,590
Without total income	32,255
With total income	571,340
Under $10,000 (including loss)	59,240
$10,000 to $19,999	72,465
$20,000 to $29,999	91,495
$30,000 to $39,999	68,405
$40,000 to $49,999	56,785
$50,000 to $59,999	47,345
$60,000 to $69,999	37,410
$70,000 to $79,999	29,075
$80,000 to $89,999	23,260
$90,000 to $99,999	18,555
$100,000 and over	67,295
$100,000 to $149,999	45,390
$150,000 and over	21,910
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	603,590
Without after-tax income	31,970
With after-tax income	571,625
Under $10,000 (including loss)	61,165
$10,000 to $19,999	75,560
$20,000 to $29,999	101,790
$30,000 to $39,999	79,410
$40,000 to $49,999	66,680
$50,000 to $59,999	51,360
$60,000 to $69,999	37,625
$70,000 to $79,999	27,845
$80,000 to $89,999	22,560
$90,000 to $99,999	13,935
$100,000 and over	33,685
$100,000 to $124,999	17,235
$125,000 and over	16,455
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	603,590
Without employment income	187,565
With employment income	416,030
Under $5,000 (including loss)	59,875
$5,000 to $9,999	37,860
$10,000 to $19,999	47,080
$20,000 to $29,999	34,425
$30,000 to $39,999	33,370
$40,000 to $49,999	34,265
$50,000 to $59,999	32,040
$60,000 to $69,999	27,140
$70,000 to $79,999	21,620
$80,000 to $89,999	18,350
$90,000 to $99,999	15,430
$100,000 and over	54,580
$100,000 to $124,999	26,110
$125,000 and over	28,470
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	603,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	555,325
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	555,470
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	493,325
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	414,210
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	485,020
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	29,645
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	603,595
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	555,320
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	555,460
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	493,010
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,650
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	414,475
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,550
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	485,385
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,125
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,625
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	603,590
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	197,530
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	145,220
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6
Employment income (%)	76.6
Government transfers (%)	10.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	244,575
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	47,335
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	197,235
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	244,575
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,500
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	47,355
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,650
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	197,220
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	142,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	244,575
Under $5,000	3,095
$5,000 to $9,999	1,215
$10,000 to $14,999	2,050
$15,000 to $19,999	2,945
$20,000 to $24,999	6,680
$25,000 to $29,999	5,605
$30,000 to $34,999	5,840
$35,000 to $39,999	6,465
$40,000 to $44,999	6,580
$45,000 to $49,999	6,690
$50,000 to $59,999	14,570
$60,000 to $69,999	14,810
$70,000 to $79,999	14,860
$80,000 to $89,999	14,345
$90,000 to $99,999	13,790
$100,000 and over	125,035
$100,000 to $124,999	31,045
$125,000 to $149,999	24,255
$150,000 to $199,999	33,085
$200,000 and over	36,655
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	244,575
Under $5,000	3,450
$5,000 to $9,999	1,275
$10,000 to $14,999	2,090
$15,000 to $19,999	3,165
$20,000 to $24,999	7,100
$25,000 to $29,999	6,270
$30,000 to $34,999	6,615
$35,000 to $39,999	7,375
$40,000 to $44,999	7,860
$45,000 to $49,999	8,230
$50,000 to $59,999	17,505
$60,000 to $69,999	17,755
$70,000 to $79,999	17,855
$80,000 to $89,999	17,180
$90,000 to $99,999	15,815
$100,000 and over	105,040
$100,000 to $124,999	32,890
$125,000 to $149,999	24,375
$150,000 and over	47,775
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	192,130
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000
Average family size of economic families	3.3
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	48,770
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	105,670
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	30,410
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	71,910
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	191,900
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	142,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	48,565
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	105,835
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30,225
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	71,855
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	712,825
0 to 17 years	135,865
0 to 5 years	38,655
18 to 64 years	461,865
65 years and over	115,095
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	66,740
0 to 17 years	16,105
0 to 5 years	4,885
18 to 64 years	37,080
65 years and over	13,560
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.4
0 to 17 years (%)	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	12.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0
65 years and over (%)	11.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	712,825
0 to 17 years	135,865
0 to 5 years	38,655
18 to 64 years	461,865
65 years and over	115,100
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	41,965
0 to 17 years	8,615
0 to 5 years	2,640
18 to 64 years	28,650
65 years and over	4,700
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3
0 to 5 years (%)	6.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2
65 years and over (%)	4.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	712,825
In bottom half of the distribution	313,175
In bottom decile	61,650
In second decile	59,710
In third decile	61,960
In fourth decile	63,455
In fifth decile	66,405
In top half of the distribution	399,650
In sixth decile	70,015
In seventh decile	73,495
In eighth decile	78,265
In ninth decile	86,475
In top decile	91,405
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	712,825
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.343
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.450
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.297
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	714,840
English only	641,785
French only	535
English and French	47,965
Neither English nor French	24,550
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	714,840
English	676,630
French	7,395
English and French	6,705
Neither English nor French	24,110
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	714,840
Single responses	654,950
Official languages	326,820
English	320,640
French	6,180
Non-official languages	328,130
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	5
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	328,120
Afro-Asiatic languages	37,470
Berber languages	50
Kabyle	20
Tamazight	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15
Chadic languages	40
Hausa	35
Mina	0
Coptic	155
Cushitic languages	1,070
Bilen	10
Oromo	20
Somali	1,025
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15
Semitic languages	36,160
Amharic	360
Arabic	33,265
Aramaic languages	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,030
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	375
Aramaic, n.o.s.	100
Harari	40
Hebrew	50
Maltese	685
Tigrigna	235
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	10,440
Khmer (Cambodian)	75
Vietnamese	10,355
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10
Austronesian languages	21,720
Bikol	95
Bisaya, n.o.s.	190
Cebuano	515
Fijian	5
Hiligaynon	295
Ilocano	755
Indonesian	920
Kankanaey	15
Kinaray-a	10
Malagasy languages	5
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5
Malay	45
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	285
Pangasinan	55
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	18,325
Waray-Waray	65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	145
Creole languages	695
Haitian Creole	50
Jamaican English Creole	20
Krio	10
Morisyen	370
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	125
Creole languages, n.i.e.	125
Dravidian languages	17,630
Kannada	800
Malayalam	3,480
Tamil	10,275
Telugu	2,940
Tulu	95
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	45
Georgian	50
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	189,030
Albanian	2,485
Armenian	525
Balto-Slavic languages	46,030
Baltic languages	540
Latvian	95
Lithuanian	450
Slavic languages	45,490
Belarusian	30
Bulgarian	990
Czech	530
Macedonian	1,060
Polish	22,070
Russian	4,615
Rusyn	10
Serbo-Croatian	8,955
Bosnian	1,125
Croatian	4,075
Serbian	3,645
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	110
Slovak	590
Slovene (Slovenian)	670
Ukrainian	5,960
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10
Celtic languages	15
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	5
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5
Germanic languages	3,070
Frisian	5
High German languages	2,215
German	2,170
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	45
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	610
Afrikaans	95
Dutch	490
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	15
Scandinavian languages	240
Danish	125
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	20
Swedish	95
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	2,065
Indo-Iranian languages	92,180
Indo-Aryan languages	85,835
Assamese	45
Bengali	4,020
Gujarati	7,260
Hindi	11,685
Kacchi	280
Kashmiri	75
Konkani	715
Marathi	1,990
Nepali	895
Oriya languages	235
Odia	155
Oriya, n.o.s.	80
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20,690
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	595
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,105
Urdu	35,995
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	245
Iranian languages	6,325
Baluchi	30
Kurdish	250
Parsi	5
Pashto	1,170
Persian languages	4,875
Dari	2,220
Iranian Persian	2,230
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	420
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20
Italic (Romance) languages	42,635
Catalan	15
Italian	10,260
Portuguese	14,050
Romanian	2,530
Spanish	15,765
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20
Japanese	750
Korean	4,370
Mongolian	35
Niger-Congo languages	2,090
Akan (Twi)	630
Bamanankan	5
Edo	70
Éwé	50
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20
Ga	50
Ganda	45
Gikuyu	45
Igbo	190
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25
Lingala	20
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	20
Ndebele	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	35
Shona	50
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15
Swahili	255
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	15
Yoruba	385
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	165
Nilo-Saharan languages	55
Dinka	5
Nuer	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	130
American Sign Language	110
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	40,325
Chinese languages	39,910
Hakka	250
Mandarin	23,180
Min Dong	45
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	885
Wu (Shanghainese)	280
Yue (Cantonese)	14,830
Chinese, n.o.s.	410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	400
Burmese	110
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	265
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15
Tai-Kadai languages	305
Lao	145
Thai	155
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5
Turkic languages	1,435
Azerbaijani	45
Kazakh	5
Turkish	1,235
Uyghur	80
Uzbek	45
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20
Uralic languages	1,570
Estonian	105
Finnish	105
Hungarian	1,360
Other languages, n.i.e.	15
Multiple responses	59,890
English and French	2,500
English and non-official language(s)	50,705
French and non-official language(s)	960
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,400
Multiple non-official languages	4,325
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	714,840
English	339,600
French	1,660
Non-official language	92,650
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	92,645
English and French	6,065
English and non-official language(s)	257,535
French and non-official language(s)	500
English, French and non-official language(s)	8,490
Multiple non-official languages	8,335
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	714,840
Single responses	642,395
Official languages	445,105
English	442,265
French	2,840
Non-official languages	197,295
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	197,290
Afro-Asiatic languages	22,565
Berber languages	25
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	25
Hausa	25
Mina	0
Coptic	90
Cushitic languages	505
Bilen	5
Oromo	10
Somali	485
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	21,920
Amharic	135
Arabic	20,380
Aramaic languages	1,095
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	730
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	270
Aramaic, n.o.s.	100
Harari	20
Hebrew	15
Maltese	165
Tigrigna	95
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	7,495
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	7,475
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	11,880
Bikol	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	95
Cebuano	265
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	160
Ilocano	350
Indonesian	385
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	155
Pangasinan	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,335
Waray-Waray	20
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55
Creole languages	430
Haitian Creole	25
Jamaican English Creole	15
Krio	5
Morisyen	295
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	65
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30
Dravidian languages	11,535
Kannada	440
Malayalam	2,075
Tamil	7,195
Telugu	1,765
Tulu	40
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15
Georgian	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	107,145
Albanian	1,240
Armenian	275
Balto-Slavic languages	25,395
Baltic languages	190
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	175
Slavic languages	25,205
Belarusian	10
Bulgarian	560
Czech	160
Macedonian	535
Polish	12,460
Russian	3,060
Rusyn	10
Serbo-Croatian	4,535
Bosnian	580
Croatian	1,765
Serbian	2,150
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	40
Slovak	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	130
Ukrainian	3,520
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5
Celtic languages	5
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	265
Frisian	0
High German languages	185
German	180
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60
Afrikaans	25
Dutch	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	25
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	705
Indo-Iranian languages	59,885
Indo-Aryan languages	56,140
Assamese	35
Bengali	2,540
Gujarati	4,335
Hindi	6,860
Kacchi	130
Kashmiri	30
Konkani	140
Marathi	1,175
Nepali	575
Oriya languages	120
Odia	75
Oriya, n.o.s.	50
Punjabi (Panjabi)	14,860
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	315
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	560
Urdu	24,310
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	145
Iranian languages	3,740
Baluchi	15
Kurdish	150
Parsi	5
Pashto	695
Persian languages	2,880
Dari	1,300
Iranian Persian	1,315
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	270
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Italic (Romance) languages	19,370
Catalan	5
Italian	2,825
Portuguese	5,925
Romanian	1,245
Spanish	9,365
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	440
Korean	3,145
Mongolian	20
Niger-Congo languages	760
Akan (Twi)	295
Bamanankan	0
Edo	10
Éwé	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10
Ga	20
Ganda	15
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	25
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	10
Ndebele	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	5
Shona	15
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	80
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	135
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45
Nilo-Saharan languages	35
Dinka	0
Nuer	15
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	280
American Sign Language	210
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	75
Sino-Tibetan languages	30,050
Chinese languages	29,760
Hakka	65
Mandarin	18,070
Min Dong	30
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	415
Wu (Shanghainese)	205
Yue (Cantonese)	10,705
Chinese, n.o.s.	255
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	295
Burmese	80
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	210
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5
Tai-Kadai languages	135
Lao	70
Thai	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	840
Azerbaijani	20
Kazakh	0
Turkish	735
Uyghur	65
Uzbek	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5
Uralic languages	505
Estonian	10
Finnish	15
Hungarian	485
Other languages, n.i.e.	10
Multiple responses	72,440
English and French	1,525
English and non-official language(s)	68,355
French and non-official language(s)	325
English, French and non-official language(s)	885
Multiple non-official languages	1,340
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	714,840
None	492,280
English	84,240
French	6,000
Non-official language	101,055
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	101,040
English and French	1,250
English and non-official language(s)	12,975
French and non-official language(s)	3,690
English, French and non-official language(s)	195
Multiple non-official languages	13,150
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	712,825
Official languages	688,520
English	688,000
French	48,150
Non-official languages	438,795
Indigenous languages³⁹	55
Algonquian languages	40
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	438,745
Afro-Asiatic languages	54,370
Berber languages	100
Kabyle	25
Tamazight	35
Berber languages, n.i.e.	40
Chadic languages	125
Hausa	100
Mina	25
Coptic	700
Cushitic languages	1,785
Bilen	15
Oromo	60
Somali	1,705
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	52,455
Amharic	600
Arabic	49,495
Aramaic languages	2,205
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,375
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	585
Aramaic, n.o.s.	265
Harari	35
Hebrew	505
Maltese	1,005
Tigrigna	435
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,870
Khmer (Cambodian)	160
Vietnamese	13,745
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10
Austronesian languages	30,380
Bikol	145
Bisaya, n.o.s.	225
Cebuano	1,070
Fijian	15
Hiligaynon	515
Ilocano	1,400
Indonesian	1,220
Kankanaey	20
Kinaray-a	50
Malagasy languages	40
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30
Malay	350
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	410
Pangasinan	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	28,240
Waray-Waray	165
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	520
Creole languages	2,370
Haitian Creole	205
Jamaican English Creole	280
Krio	10
Morisyen	1,035
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	745
Creole languages, n.i.e.	265
Dravidian languages	27,955
Kannada	2,555
Malayalam	5,875
Tamil	17,180
Telugu	5,570
Tulu	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	135
Georgian	130
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	263,220
Albanian	3,590
Armenian	760
Balto-Slavic languages	55,720
Baltic languages	560
Latvian	105
Lithuanian	455
Slavic languages	55,330
Belarusian	175
Bulgarian	1,350
Czech	845
Macedonian	1,690
Polish	27,810
Russian	9,165
Rusyn	30
Serbo-Croatian	11,745
Bosnian	2,100
Croatian	6,735
Serbian	4,950
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	185
Slovak	645
Slovene (Slovenian)	995
Ukrainian	8,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15
Celtic languages	80
Irish	55
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	6,755
Frisian	10
High German languages	5,230
German	5,190
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	55
Yiddish	15
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,190
Afrikaans	385
Dutch	745
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	55
Vlaams (Flemish)	25
Scandinavian languages	525
Danish	225
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	65
Swedish	265
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20
Greek	3,320
Indo-Iranian languages	139,200
Indo-Aryan languages	132,170
Assamese	100
Bengali	6,400
Gujarati	12,330
Hindi	54,740
Kacchi	605
Kashmiri	240
Konkani	1,975
Marathi	5,100
Nepali	1,260
Oriya languages	435
Odia	225
Oriya, n.o.s.	215
Punjabi (Panjabi)	37,835
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	1,355
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,005
Urdu	55,765
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	920
Iranian languages	8,635
Baluchi	30
Kurdish	490
Parsi	10
Pashto	2,055
Persian languages	6,505
Dari	3,085
Iranian Persian	3,105
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	480
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	150
Italic (Romance) languages	59,405
Catalan	15
Italian	16,055
Portuguese	18,895
Romanian	3,120
Spanish	24,075
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	85
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	110
Japanese	1,775
Korean	5,260
Mongolian	55
Niger-Congo languages	6,195
Akan (Twi)	1,225
Bamanankan	20
Edo	315
Éwé	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	95
Ga	195
Ganda	50
Gikuyu	110
Igbo	500
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	100
Lingala	190
Luba-Kasai	10
Mòoré	0
Mwani	45
Ndebele	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	75
Shona	130
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	30
Swahili	1,550
Wojenaka	15
Wolof	65
Yoruba	1,455
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	685
Nilo-Saharan languages	65
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60
African, n.o.s.	35
Sign languages	675
American Sign Language	585
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	125
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,480
Chinese languages	47,005
Hakka	400
Mandarin	31,700
Min Dong	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,660
Wu (Shanghainese)	465
Yue (Cantonese)	19,900
Chinese, n.o.s.	435
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40
Tibeto-Burman languages	455
Burmese	115
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	290
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	45
Tai-Kadai languages	440
Lao	210
Thai	290
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	2,440
Azerbaijani	105
Kazakh	10
Turkish	2,245
Uyghur	45
Uzbek	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	45
Uralic languages	1,835
Estonian	140
Finnish	145
Hungarian	1,560
Other languages, n.i.e.	135
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	712,825
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,555
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,375
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,950
Métis	1,395
Inuk (Inuit)	25
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	55
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	125
Non-Indigenous identity	709,270
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	712,825
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,005
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	711,820
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	244,575
Owner	172,225
Renter	72,355
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	244,575
Condominium	69,070
Not condominium	175,510
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	244,575
No bedrooms	1,275
1 bedroom	31,240
2 bedrooms	49,850
3 bedrooms	79,885
4 or more bedrooms	82,320
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	244,575
1 to 4 rooms	78,710
5 rooms	36,265
6 rooms	35,265
7 rooms	28,750
8 or more rooms	65,590
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	244,575
One person or fewer per room	229,855
More than one person per room	14,720
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	244,575
Suitable	216,910
Not suitable	27,660
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	244,575
1960 or before	17,730
1961 to 1980	75,015
1981 to 1990	47,955
1991 to 2000	46,745
2001 to 2005	23,530
2006 to 2010	15,745
2011 to 2015	9,550
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	8,300
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	244,575
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	232,950
Major repairs needed	11,625
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	244,575
One-maintainer household	110,565
Two-maintainer household	112,395
Three-or-more-maintainer household	21,620
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	244,575
15 to 24 years	3,595
25 to 34 years	24,745
35 to 44 years	40,875
45 to 54 years	51,605
55 to 64 years	58,260
65 to 74 years	38,545
75 to 84 years	19,955
85 years and over	6,995
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	243,100
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	174,940
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	68,155
30% to less than 100%	60,495
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	244,575
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	95,180
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	57,695
Not suitable only	19,345
Major repairs needed only	6,285
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	6,515
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	3,535
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,390
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	415
Acceptable housing	149,400
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	235,435
In core need	35,085
Not in core need	200,350
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	172,220
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.5
% in core housing need⁶³	9.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,974
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	999,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	72,350
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.1
% in core housing need⁶³	28.0
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,650
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	712,825
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	755
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	750
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	490
Métis single ancestry	255
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,295
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,200
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,050
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,135
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	707,780
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	712,825
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	600,215
Canadian citizens aged under 18	118,190
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	482,020
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	112,610
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	712,825
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	306,375
Immigrants⁸¹	379,425
Before 1980	58,680
1980 to 1990	47,340
1991 to 2000	83,110
2001 to 2010	95,400
2011 to 2021⁸²	94,895
2011 to 2015	42,390
2016 to 2021	52,500
Non-permanent residents⁸³	27,030
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	379,420
Under 5 years	32,680
5 to 14 years	63,840
15 to 24 years	70,345
25 to 44 years	173,645
45 years and over	38,915
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	379,420
Americas	46,530
Brazil	1,275
Colombia	3,385
El Salvador	815
Guyana	6,240
Haiti	155
Jamaica	11,015
Mexico	1,390
Peru	1,335
Trinidad and Tobago	5,760
United States of America	5,580
Other places of birth in Americas	9,565
Europe	77,850
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,385
Croatia	3,035
France	625
Germany	2,115
Greece	1,385
Hungary	690
Italy	6,805
Netherlands	475
Poland	19,025
Portugal	10,415
Romania	2,645
Russian Federation	1,985
Serbia⁸⁶	1,835
Ukraine	4,675
United Kingdom⁸⁷	9,225
Other places of birth in Europe	10,525
Africa	25,430
Algeria	340
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	265
Egypt	8,975
Eritrea	255
Ethiopia	480
Morocco	460
Nigeria	2,920
Somalia	905
South Africa, Republic of	1,170
Other places of birth in Africa	9,660
Asia	228,910
Afghanistan	2,470
Iran⁸⁸	2,675
Iraq	8,415
Lebanon	3,315
Syria⁸⁹	6,705
Turkey	985
China⁹⁰	22,830
Hong Kong⁹¹	6,655
Korea, South⁹²	4,125
Taiwan	1,685
Philippines	28,670
Viet Nam	10,950
Bangladesh	3,065
India	61,255
Pakistan	33,805
Sri Lanka	7,785
Other places of birth in Asia	23,530
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	700
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	52,505
Americas	3,975
Brazil	275
Colombia	310
Haiti	15
Jamaica	705
Mexico	270
United States of America	1,260
Venezuela⁹⁵	195
Other places of birth in Americas	945
Europe	3,120
France	80
Germany	55
Ireland⁹⁶	105
Italy	45
Russian Federation	185
Ukraine	610
United Kingdom⁸⁷	260
Other places of birth in Europe	1,775
Africa	4,550
Algeria	70
Burundi	0
Cameroon	45
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	105
Egypt	1,555
Eritrea	40
Ethiopia	65
Morocco	135
Nigeria	1,275
Somalia	105
South Africa, Republic of	165
Sudan⁹⁷	140
Tunisia	65
Other places of birth in Africa	770
Asia	40,800
Afghanistan	355
Bangladesh	455
China⁹⁰	2,680
Hong Kong⁹¹	95
India	16,580
Iran⁸⁸	260
Iraq	2,045
Israel	50
Japan	60
Jordan	315
Korea, South⁹²	285
Lebanon	495
Nepal	225
Pakistan	4,305
Philippines	3,065
Saudi Arabia	1,030
Sri Lanka	400
Syria⁸⁹	4,375
Turkey	290
United Arab Emirates	1,265
Viet Nam	745
Other places of birth in Asia	1,420
Oceania and other⁹³	65
Australia	45
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	712,825
First generation¹⁰⁰	412,535
Second generation¹⁰¹	192,000
Third generation or more¹⁰²	108,295
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	320,745
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	179,000
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	69,680
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	109,320
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	89,420
Refugees¹⁰⁸	48,575
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,755
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	320,745
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	18,860
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	21,710
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	5,400
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	11,195
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,775
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	261,805
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	712,825
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	441,480
South Asian	180,800
Chinese	52,095
Black	49,220
Filipino	38,335
Arab	42,805
Latin American	17,325
Southeast Asian	17,165
West Asian	8,510
Korean	5,825
Japanese	2,115
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10,890
Multiple visible minorities	16,410
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	271,345
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	712,825
Canadian	42,315
English	46,415
Irish	39,785
Scottish	36,800
French, n.o.s.¹²²	15,425
German	19,285
Chinese	55,350
Italian	38,075
Indian (India)	90,560
Ukrainian	17,350
Dutch	6,125
Polish	36,095
Québécois	445
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	12,325
Filipino	37,325
French Canadian	3,120
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,980
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,615
Métis	1,460
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	6,500
Russian	6,265
Norwegian	1,235
Welsh	3,880
Portuguese	27,845
American	3,425
Spanish	9,865
Swedish	1,420
Hungarian	3,945
Acadian	600
Pakistani	41,025
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	9,710
Jewish	2,065
Punjabi	10,725
Vietnamese	15,010
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	16,645
Greek	5,890
Jamaican	15,860
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	9,685
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100
Korean	6,025
Romanian	3,755
Lebanese	4,645
Iranian	3,165
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	6,110
Danish	990
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	540
Sikh	6,110
Austrian	1,940
Belgian	665
Haitian	300
Hindu	11,545
Mexican	2,350
Mennonite	200
Swiss	980
Finnish	995
Sri Lankan	7,370
Croatian	7,955
Japanese	2,875
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10,410
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	415
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	725
Muslim	10,055
Egyptian	9,950
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	3,455
Tamil	6,505
Icelandic	200
Colombian	3,820
Moroccan	530
Czech	1,485
Syrian	6,385
Guyanese	6,165
Afghan	4,085
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	4,015
Serbian	4,680
Ojibway	300
Newfoundlander	750
Hong Konger	2,595
Ontarian	1,060
Persian	1,685
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	5,460
Turkish	3,150
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45
Bangladeshi	2,740
Algerian	355
Brazilian	1,630
Nigerian	2,470
Armenian	1,295
Slovak	1,385
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	1,275
Somali	2,165
Taiwanese	1,415
Iraqi	5,695
Salvadorean	940
African Caribbean	3,695
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	3,210
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	4,730
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	3,050
Algonquin	85
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	4,120
Lithuanian	1,160
South African	1,030
Australian	475
Palestinian	6,080
Chilean	1,225
Congolese	285
Nova Scotian	365
Ethiopian	740
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	1,565
Peruvian	1,580
Yoruba	1,220
Cambodian (Khmer)	295
Berber	180
Albanian	3,830
Maltese	2,985
Macedonian	2,070
Slovenian	2,470
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	300
New Brunswicker	105
Gujarati	2,210
Eritrean	490
African Canadian	1,315
Israeli	360
Mohawk	180
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	320
Bulgarian	1,395
Albertan	25
Ghanaian	1,540
Barbadian	1,380
African American	780
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	750
Tunisian	155
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,540
Cuban	965
Bosnian	2,125
Venezuelan	930
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	440
Bengali	1,560
Cameroonian	75
Guatemalan	565
Indonesian	1,180
Laotian	380
Ilocano	755
Northern Irish	545
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	240
British Columbian	20
Ecuadorian	1,305
Franco Ontarian	90
Argentinian	790
Estonian	385
Kurdish	490
Fijian	220
Jatt	690
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	185
Coptic	3,860
Thai	300
Dominican	560
Nepali	1,005
Kabyle	25
Assyrian	1,120
Igbo	465
Byelorussian	535
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	220
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80
New Zealander	85
Sudanese	945
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	165
Malaysian	605
Plains Cree	40
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	290
Huron (Wendat)	55
Saskatchewanian	35
Buddhist	705
Gaspesian	35
Norman	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	720
Ivorian	245
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10
Burundian	35
Tigrinya	25
Nicaraguan	340
Mauritian	805
Kenyan	515
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	580
Jordanian	1,360
Manitoban	45
Cape Bretoner	50
Rwandan	100
Grenadian	665
Malayali	965
Chaldean	725
Sinhalese	840
Mayan	190
Honduran	195
Cherokee	35
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	65
Indo-Caribbean	840
Flemish	75
United Empire Loyalist	125
Senegalese	40
Azerbaijani	110
Sicilian	175
Pashtun	1,205
Malay	510
Goan	2,125
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	135
Tibetan	310
Zimbabwean	195
Burmese	230
Mongolian	275
Azorean	640
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	620
Ugandan	170
Oromo	70
Tanzanian	370
Yemeni	490
Central African	45
Libyan	265
Basque	90
Uruguayan	475
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	350
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	145
Igorot	95
Fulani	85
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	60
St. Lucian	235
Prince Edward Islander	55
Maliseet	0
Beninese	125
Telugu	740
Roma	160
Costa Rican	165
African Nova Scotian	145
Malagasy	55
Kashmiri	630
Singaporean	180
Karen	0
Edo	330
Tajik	330
Amhara	50
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	712,825
Buddhist	14,300
Christian	355,735
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	51,655
Anabaptist	325
Anglican	14,605
Baptist	5,865
Catholic	216,650
Christian Orthodox	25,625
Jehovah's Witness	1,905
Latter Day Saints	370
Lutheran	2,235
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	955
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	8,315
Presbyterian	5,900
Reformed	385
United Church	10,595
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10,350
Hindu	62,520
Jewish	1,380
Muslim	120,965
Sikh	24,505
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20
Other religions and spiritual traditions	4,465
No religion and secular perspectives	128,940
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	707,075
Non-movers	633,415
Movers	73,665
Non-migrants	40,870
Migrants	32,795
Internal migrants	20,565
Intraprovincial migrants	18,310
Interprovincial migrants	2,255
External migrants	12,230
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	681,500
Non-movers	456,750
Movers	224,750
Non-migrants	95,470
Migrants	129,280
Internal migrants	66,180
Intraprovincial migrants	58,050
Interprovincial migrants	8,130
External migrants	63,100
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	603,590
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	85,715
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	517,875
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	392,425
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	31,170
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	361,255
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	603,595
No certificate, diploma or degree	80,295
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	152,265
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	371,030
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	140,395
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	22,470
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,560
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	9,915
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	99,290
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,635
Bachelor's degree or higher	230,635
Bachelor's degree	150,240
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	14,805
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,385
Master's degree	53,970
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	5,235
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	392,425
No certificate, diploma or degree	28,030
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	78,470
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	285,925
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	100,800
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,275
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,945
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,335
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	73,650
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,870
Bachelor's degree or higher	185,125
Bachelor's degree	117,405
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,615
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,270
Master's degree	46,915
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,925
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	603,595
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	232,560
Education	16,285
13. Education	16,285
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	11,500
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,255
50. Visual and performing arts	10,245
Humanities	20,955
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,275
23. English language and literature/letters	5,070
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,405
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	415
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,165
39. Theology and religious vocations	875
54. History	2,110
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	650
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45,905
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	460
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	5,165
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,885
22. Legal professions and studies	7,270
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	945
42. Psychology	6,385
45. Social sciences	18,800
Business, management and public administration	96,290
30.16 Accounting and computer science	120
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,050
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	92,115
Physical and life sciences and technologies	20,495
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	8,070
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,710
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	485
40. Physical sciences	5,500
41. Science technologies/technicians	725
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	27,715
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	22,495
25. Library science	555
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,920
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	750
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	71,895
04. Architecture and related services	3,545
14. Engineering	36,150
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	13,540
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15
46. Construction trades	7,195
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,525
48. Precision production	3,925
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,515
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,035
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,475
Health and related fields	42,145
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	3,210
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	37,475
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	85
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,370
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,215
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	7,370
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	80
43. Security and protective services	3,740
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,975
Other¹⁷⁹	115
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	392,425
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	106,500
Education	11,560
13. Education	11,560
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,915
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	885
50. Visual and performing arts	8,035
Humanities	15,740
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,635
23. English language and literature/letters	3,930
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,355
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	295
38. Philosophy and religious studies	875
39. Theology and religious vocations	600
54. History	1,580
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	475
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35,395
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	360
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,080
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,075
22. Legal professions and studies	5,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	690
42. Psychology	4,965
45. Social sciences	14,285
Business, management and public administration	77,165
30.16 Accounting and computer science	100
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,250
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	73,815
Physical and life sciences and technologies	14,800
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,935
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,130
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	395
40. Physical sciences	3,820
41. Science technologies/technicians	520
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	23,755
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	19,785
25. Library science	365
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,945
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	665
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	52,980
04. Architecture and related services	2,735
14. Engineering	28,390
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	9,660
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15
46. Construction trades	4,845
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,905
48. Precision production	2,430
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,300
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,120
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,180
Health and related fields	32,480
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	2,185
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	29,165
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	80
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,040
Personal, protective and transportation services	9,740
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	5,475
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35
43. Security and protective services	2,810
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,395
Other¹⁷⁹	85
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	392,425
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	106,500
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	285,925
Location of study inside Canada	165,130
Same as province or territory of residence	154,900
Different than province or territory of residence	10,235
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	120,795
Americas	14,140
United States of America	7,865
Mexico	725
Cuba	335
Haiti	10
Jamaica	705
Brazil	715
Colombia	1,285
Peru	305
Venezuela⁹⁵	430
Other locations of study in Americas	1,760
Europe	19,045
Belgium	100
France	445
Germany	310
Netherlands	160
Switzerland	130
Hungary	140
Moldova¹⁸³	140
Poland	4,260
Romania	1,195
Russian Federation	945
Ukraine	2,345
Ireland⁹⁶	300
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,830
Bosnia and Herzegovina	350
Italy	160
Serbia⁸⁶	510
Other locations of study in Europe	2,710
Africa	7,200
Nigeria	1,080
Algeria	135
Morocco	135
Tunisia	60
Egypt	4,010
South Africa, Republic of	345
Other locations of study in Africa	1,445
Asia	79,475
Iran⁸⁸	675
Iraq	2,420
Israel	115
Lebanon	965
Syria⁸⁹	1,630
Turkey	345
China⁹⁰	7,260
Taiwan	290
Hong Kong⁹¹	585
Japan	385
Korea, South⁹²	1,295
Philippines	10,950
Viet Nam	635
Bangladesh	1,020
Sri Lanka	1,070
India	33,070
Pakistan	12,165
Other locations of study in Asia	4,600
Oceania	930
Australia	825
New Zealand	85
Other locations of study in Oceania	25
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	603,595
In the labour force	385,915
Employed	332,000
Unemployed	53,920
Not in the labour force	217,670
Participation rate	63.9
Employment rate	55.0
Unemployment rate	14.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	603,595
Did not work¹⁸⁶	228,605
Worked	374,990
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	206,735
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	168,250
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	385,915
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,625
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	371,295
Employee	315,540
Permanent position	265,785
Temporary position	49,760
Fixed term (1 year or more)	17,885
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	31,870
Self-employed¹⁹²	55,755
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	385,915
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,625
All occupations¹⁹¹	371,295
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	4,955
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	82,165
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	48,950
3 Health occupations	23,720
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	34,620
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	9,330
6 Sales and service occupations	90,300
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	56,875
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,295
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	18,080
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	385,915
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	14,625
All industries¹⁹¹	371,295
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	690
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	545
22 Utilities	1,805
23 Construction	23,065
31-33 Manufacturing	34,185
41 Wholesale trade	19,520
44-45 Retail trade	42,635
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	28,765
51 Information and cultural industries	9,985
52 Finance and insurance	28,545
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	8,800
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	46,330
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,070
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	17,160
61 Educational services	23,330
62 Health care and social assistance	36,230
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,520
72 Accommodation and food services	17,960
81 Other services (except public administration)	12,585
91 Public administration	12,565
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	407,720
English	372,730
French	625
Non-official language	4,415
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	4,415
English and French	5,885
English and non-official language(s)	23,060
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	695
Multiple non-official languages	290
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	407,720
Single responses	402,080
Official languages	393,335
English	391,975
French	1,360
Non-official languages	8,750
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	775
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	10
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	760
Amharic	0
Arabic	730
Aramaic languages	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	555
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	555
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	150
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	165
Kannada	0
Malayalam	15
Tamil	130
Telugu	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	25
Indo-European languages	3,850
Albanian	45
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,270
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	1,265
Bulgarian	15
Czech	0
Macedonian	10
Polish	690
Russian	165
Serbo-Croatian	100
Bosnian	25
Croatian	25
Serbian	45
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	280
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	30
Frisian	0
High German languages	30
German	30
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,600
Indo-Aryan languages	1,550
Bengali	20
Gujarati	50
Hindi	155
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	790
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	510
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	50
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	45
Dari	25
Iranian Persian	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	890
Catalan	0
Italian	30
Portuguese	335
Romanian	35
Spanish	480
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	35
Korean	280
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	45
American Sign Language	45
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,810
Chinese languages	2,810
Hakka	0
Mandarin	2,085
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	705
Chinese, n.o.s.	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	50
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	50
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	5,635
English and French	1,205
English and non-official language(s)	4,275
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75
Multiple non-official languages	80
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	407,720
None	382,635
English	4,345
French	4,090
Non-official language	13,100
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	13,100
English and French	10
English and non-official language(s)	475
French and non-official language(s)	465
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	2,590
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	331,995
Worked at home	111,685
Worked outside Canada	1,970
No fixed workplace address	37,480
Usual place of work	180,870
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	180,870
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	106,490
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,235
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	60,820
Commute to a different province or territory	325
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	218,345
Car, truck or van	180,545
Car, truck or van - as a driver	162,185
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	18,365
Public transit	24,890
Walked	6,350
Bicycle	715
Other method	5,845
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	218,345
Less than 15 minutes	41,835
15 to 29 minutes	83,990
30 to 44 minutes	53,060
45 to 59 minutes	18,620
60 minutes and over	20,845
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	218,345
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	14,260
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	33,810
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	48,570
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	47,655
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	36,895
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	37,155
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	138,965
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,435
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	127,535
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	104,945
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,225
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5,965
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,260
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95,720

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 13, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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