Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Central Saanich, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	17,385
Population, 2016¹	16,814
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.4
Total private dwellings²	7,621
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,105
Population density per square kilometre	421.9
Land area in square kilometres	41.20
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	17,385
0 to 14 years	2,445
0 to 4 years	710
5 to 9 years	890
10 to 14 years	845
15 to 64 years	10,220
15 to 19 years	890
20 to 24 years	745
25 to 29 years	750
30 to 34 years	835
35 to 39 years	1,085
40 to 44 years	1,015
45 to 49 years	1,010
50 to 54 years	1,090
55 to 59 years	1,325
60 to 64 years	1,465
65 years and over	4,725
65 to 69 years	1,420
70 to 74 years	1,320
75 to 79 years	845
80 to 84 years	560
85 years and over	575
85 to 89 years	340
90 to 94 years	180
95 to 99 years	55
100 years and over	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1
15 to 64 years	58.8
65 years and over	27.2
85 years and over	3.3
Average age of the population	46.7
Median age of the population	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,105
Single-detached house	3,825
Semi-detached house	175
Row house	810
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,440
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	760
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	25
Other single-attached house	15
Movable dwelling⁴	50
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,105
1 person	1,760
2 persons	2,840
3 persons	1,010
4 persons	1,015
5 or more persons	485
Number of persons in private households	17,175
Average household size	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	14,940
Married or living common-law	9,575
Married	8,115
Living common-law	1,460
Living common law - Never married	935
Living common law - Separated	45
Living common law - Divorced	430
Living common law - Widowed	45
Not married and not living common-law	5,365
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,190
Not married and not living common law - Separated	315
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,000
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	860
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,330
2 persons	3,105
3 persons	1,005
4 persons	960
5 or more persons	255
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,335
Total couple families	4,710
Married couples	3,980
With children⁶	1,765
Without children	2,215
Common-law couples	730
With children⁶	225
Without children	505
Total one-parent families	620
in which the parent is a woman+	430
in which the parent is a man+	190
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,170
Total - Persons in census families	14,440
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,420
Parents in one-parent families	620
Children⁶	4,400
In a two-parent family	3,490
In a one-parent family	915
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,725
Living alone	1,765
Living with other relatives⁷	340
Living with non-relatives only	625
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,105
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,560
Couple-family households	4,080
With children⁶	1,700
Without children	2,380
One-parent-family households	480
Multigenerational households⁸	195
Multiple-census-family households⁹	100
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	295
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	195
One-person households	1,765
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	14,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,435
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,450
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,760
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,095
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,455
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	865
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,755
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	14,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,470
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,485
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,765
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,095
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,950
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,400
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	825
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,460
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,750
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	14,730
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,080
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,765
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	14,725
Without total income	290
With total income	14,435
Under $10,000 (including loss)	945
$10,000 to $19,999	1,320
$20,000 to $29,999	1,740
$30,000 to $39,999	1,640
$40,000 to $49,999	1,640
$50,000 to $59,999	1,465
$60,000 to $69,999	1,300
$70,000 to $79,999	980
$80,000 to $89,999	810
$90,000 to $99,999	610
$100,000 and over	1,985
$100,000 to $149,999	1,345
$150,000 and over	635
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	14,725
Without after-tax income	275
With after-tax income	14,450
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,030
$10,000 to $19,999	1,405
$20,000 to $29,999	1,970
$30,000 to $39,999	1,955
$40,000 to $49,999	1,970
$50,000 to $59,999	1,660
$60,000 to $69,999	1,280
$70,000 to $79,999	965
$80,000 to $89,999	680
$90,000 to $99,999	475
$100,000 and over	1,050
$100,000 to $124,999	545
$125,000 and over	505
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	14,725
Without employment income	4,635
With employment income	10,090
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,390
$5,000 to $9,999	650
$10,000 to $19,999	1,065
$20,000 to $29,999	770
$30,000 to $39,999	785
$40,000 to $49,999	830
$50,000 to $59,999	890
$60,000 to $69,999	755
$70,000 to $79,999	645
$80,000 to $89,999	545
$90,000 to $99,999	455
$100,000 and over	1,315
$100,000 to $124,999	675
$125,000 and over	645
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	14,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,160
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,185
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,600
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,760
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,220
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	680
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	14,725
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,175
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,650
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,205
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,600
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,735
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,370
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	680
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	14,730
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,025
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,655
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	89.8
Employment income (%)	63.9
Government transfers (%)	10.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,105
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,765
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,345
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,105
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	125,700
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,760
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	62,050
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,650
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,350
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,600
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,700
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,105
Under $5,000	35
$5,000 to $9,999	20
$10,000 to $14,999	35
$15,000 to $19,999	70
$20,000 to $24,999	165
$25,000 to $29,999	140
$30,000 to $34,999	170
$35,000 to $39,999	190
$40,000 to $44,999	185
$45,000 to $49,999	230
$50,000 to $59,999	465
$60,000 to $69,999	430
$70,000 to $79,999	475
$80,000 to $89,999	425
$90,000 to $99,999	410
$100,000 and over	3,665
$100,000 to $124,999	885
$125,000 to $149,999	755
$150,000 to $199,999	1,025
$200,000 and over	1,005
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,105
Under $5,000	50
$5,000 to $9,999	25
$10,000 to $14,999	45
$15,000 to $19,999	75
$20,000 to $24,999	170
$25,000 to $29,999	165
$30,000 to $34,999	195
$35,000 to $39,999	230
$40,000 to $44,999	255
$45,000 to $49,999	280
$50,000 to $59,999	525
$60,000 to $69,999	520
$70,000 to $79,999	520
$80,000 to $89,999	500
$90,000 to $99,999	470
$100,000 and over	3,090
$100,000 to $124,999	980
$125,000 to $149,999	730
$150,000 and over	1,380
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,225
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,485
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,010
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	570
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,390
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,190
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	144,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,455
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	129,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,025
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	555
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,460
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,050
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,170
0 to 17 years	2,985
0 to 5 years	880
18 to 64 years	9,655
65 years and over	4,525
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	935
0 to 17 years	160
0 to 5 years	30
18 to 64 years	455
65 years and over	315
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	5.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8
65 years and over (%)	7.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,170
0 to 17 years	2,985
0 to 5 years	885
18 to 64 years	9,660
65 years and over	4,525
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	365
0 to 17 years	80
0 to 5 years	10
18 to 64 years	235
65 years and over	50
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,170
In bottom half of the distribution	5,750
In bottom decile	890
In second decile	855
In third decile	1,100
In fourth decile	1,270
In fifth decile	1,635
In top half of the distribution	11,420
In sixth decile	1,710
In seventh decile	2,085
In eighth decile	2,305
In ninth decile	2,690
In top decile	2,630
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,170
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.380
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.269
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	17,325
English only	15,580
French only	5
English and French	1,670
Neither English nor French	65
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	17,325
English	17,040
French	200
English and French	20
Neither English nor French	60
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	17,325
Single responses	17,095
Official languages	15,655
English	15,445
French	210
Non-official languages	1,445
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	20
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	25
Amharic	0
Arabic	20
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	110
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	15
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	10
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	995
Albanian	0
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	160
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	160
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	15
Macedonian	0
Polish	35
Russian	55
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	20
Bosnian	0
Croatian	20
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	350
Frisian	0
High German languages	180
German	180
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	105
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	45
Danish	25
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	15
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	20
Indo-Iranian languages	245
Indo-Aryan languages	225
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	10
Hindi	5
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	200
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	15
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	20
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	215
Catalan	0
Italian	50
Portuguese	65
Romanian	15
Spanish	85
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	40
Korean	25
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	10
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160
Chinese languages	160
Hakka	0
Mandarin	95
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	45
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	230
English and French	70
English and non-official language(s)	135
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	17,325
English	15,925
French	40
Non-official language	245
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	245
English and French	145
English and non-official language(s)	920
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40
Multiple non-official languages	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	17,325
Single responses	17,195
Official languages	16,710
English	16,665
French	50
Non-official languages	480
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	475
Afro-Asiatic languages	10
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	10
Amharic	0
Arabic	5
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	50
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	290
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	55
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	55
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	10
Russian	20
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	10
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	40
Frisian	0
High German languages	20
German	20
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	130
Indo-Aryan languages	125
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	5
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	5
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	5
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60
Catalan	0
Italian	5
Portuguese	20
Romanian	5
Spanish	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	10
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85
Chinese languages	85
Hakka	0
Mandarin	65
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	5
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	130
English and French	10
English and non-official language(s)	115
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	17,325
None	16,315
English	215
French	130
Non-official language	575
Indigenous³⁹	5
Non-Indigenous	575
English and French	5
English and non-official language(s)	15
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	30
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,175
Official languages	17,135
English	17,130
French	1,675
Non-official languages	2,260
Indigenous languages³⁹	35
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,225
Afro-Asiatic languages	75
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	45
Amharic	0
Arabic	20
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	25
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	180
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,715
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	240
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	240
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	25
Macedonian	0
Polish	50
Russian	110
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	30
Bosnian	0
Croatian	30
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	15
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	10
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	635
Frisian	0
High German languages	355
German	355
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	250
Afrikaans	80
Dutch	175
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	75
Danish	15
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	45
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	25
Indo-Iranian languages	275
Indo-Aryan languages	270
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	80
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	255
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	560
Catalan	0
Italian	95
Portuguese	110
Romanian	0
Spanish	385
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	70
Korean	20
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	15
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115
Chinese languages	115
Hakka	0
Mandarin	75
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	40
Estonian	0
Finnish	20
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,170
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	655
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	605
First Nations (North American Indian)	265
Métis	330
Inuk (Inuit)	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25
Non-Indigenous identity	16,515
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,170
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	140
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,035
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,105
Owner	5,680
Renter	1,425
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,105
Condominium	935
Not condominium	6,170
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,105
No bedrooms	25
1 bedroom	710
2 bedrooms	1,680
3 bedrooms	2,475
4 or more bedrooms	2,210
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,105
1 to 4 rooms	1,545
5 rooms	955
6 rooms	940
7 rooms	960
8 or more rooms	2,700
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,105
One person or fewer per room	7,020
More than one person per room	85
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,105
Suitable	6,885
Not suitable	215
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,105
1960 or before	635
1961 to 1980	2,660
1981 to 1990	1,575
1991 to 2000	890
2001 to 2005	300
2006 to 2010	320
2011 to 2015	250
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	470
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,105
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,875
Major repairs needed	230
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,105
One-maintainer household	2,890
Two-maintainer household	3,780
Three-or-more-maintainer household	430
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,105
15 to 24 years	90
25 to 34 years	525
35 to 44 years	995
45 to 54 years	1,085
55 to 64 years	1,580
65 to 74 years	1,655
75 to 84 years	865
85 years and over	310
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	6,970
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,700
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,265
30% to less than 100%	1,180
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,105
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,615
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,180
Not suitable only	170
Major repairs needed only	175
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	50
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	5,490
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	6,875
In core need	530
Not in core need	6,345
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,555
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.0
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,634
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	973,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,425
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.6
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.0
% in core housing need⁶³	20.7
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,456
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,170
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	115
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	110
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	80
Métis single ancestry	30
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	675
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	615
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	415
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	200
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	16,380
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,170
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,555
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,915
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	13,640
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	615
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,170
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	14,255
Immigrants⁸¹	2,780
Before 1980	1,335
1980 to 1990	405
1991 to 2000	315
2001 to 2010	365
2011 to 2021⁸²	360
2011 to 2015	200
2016 to 2021	155
Non-permanent residents⁸³	135
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,775
Under 5 years	370
5 to 14 years	485
15 to 24 years	550
25 to 44 years	1,145
45 years and over	230
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,775
Americas	450
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
El Salvador	0
Guyana	0
Haiti	30
Jamaica	25
Mexico	40
Peru	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	280
Other places of birth in Americas	50
Europe	1,580
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	20
France	15
Germany	150
Greece	20
Hungary	0
Italy	35
Netherlands	120
Poland	35
Portugal	45
Romania	0
Russian Federation	35
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	50
United Kingdom⁸⁷	920
Other places of birth in Europe	125
Africa	155
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	110
Other places of birth in Africa	30
Asia	520
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	15
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	55
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Korea, South⁹²	15
Taiwan	0
Philippines	160
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
India	165
Pakistan	10
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	90
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	70
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	155
Americas	25
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	70
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30
Other places of birth in Europe	0
Africa	0
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	55
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	25
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,175
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,160
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,690
Third generation or more¹⁰²	10,320
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,445
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	775
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	320
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	450
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	605
Refugees¹⁰⁸	35
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,445
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	290
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	45
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,015
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,170
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,450
South Asian	490
Chinese	295
Black	105
Filipino	210
Arab	10
Latin American	90
Southeast Asian	45
West Asian	25
Korean	35
Japanese	75
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20
Multiple visible minorities	60
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	15,720
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,170
Canadian	2,235
English	5,945
Irish	3,090
Scottish	4,355
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,205
German	2,090
Chinese	330
Italian	560
Indian (India)	265
Ukrainian	925
Dutch	1,090
Polish	595
Québécois	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,295
Filipino	220
French Canadian	130
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	345
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	225
Métis	290
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	650
Russian	275
Norwegian	875
Welsh	630
Portuguese	210
American	425
Spanish	165
Swedish	415
Hungarian	120
Acadian	20
Pakistani	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	20
Jewish	115
Punjabi	85
Vietnamese	35
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15
Greek	110
Jamaican	30
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	90
Korean	45
Romanian	115
Lebanese	20
Iranian	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	10
Danish	290
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	20
Sikh	150
Austrian	175
Belgian	80
Haitian	35
Hindu	0
Mexican	80
Mennonite	125
Swiss	120
Finnish	185
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	60
Japanese	80
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	165
Muslim	0
Egyptian	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10
Tamil	0
Icelandic	180
Colombian	0
Moroccan	0
Czech	70
Syrian	0
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30
Serbian	0
Ojibway	0
Newfoundlander	30
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	15
Persian	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20
Turkish	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	30
Nigerian	0
Armenian	15
Slovak	50
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	20
South African	60
Australian	95
Palestinian	0
Chilean	35
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	0
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	35
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	25
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	10
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45
Cuban	20
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	15
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	20
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	40
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15
British Columbian	80
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	55
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	25
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	75
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	15
United Empire Loyalist	20
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	10
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,170
Buddhist	70
Christian	6,365
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,550
Anabaptist	20
Anglican	1,230
Baptist	245
Catholic	1,665
Christian Orthodox	115
Jehovah's Witness	55
Latter Day Saints	60
Lutheran	125
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	65
Presbyterian	170
Reformed	35
United Church	645
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	335
Hindu	15
Jewish	110
Muslim	40
Sikh	270
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	150
No religion and secular perspectives	10,150
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,045
Non-movers	15,345
Movers	1,695
Non-migrants	900
Migrants	795
Internal migrants	720
Intraprovincial migrants	600
Interprovincial migrants	120
External migrants	75
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	16,425
Non-movers	10,645
Movers	5,780
Non-migrants	1,305
Migrants	4,470
Internal migrants	4,135
Intraprovincial migrants	3,435
Interprovincial migrants	695
External migrants	335
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,730
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,675
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,055
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,600
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	530
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,070
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,725
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,435
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,250
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,050
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,570
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,325
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	450
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	875
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,760
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	490
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,475
Bachelor's degree	2,835
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	300
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85
Master's degree	990
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	430
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,100
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,065
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,850
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	880
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	290
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	595
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,655
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	305
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,220
Bachelor's degree	2,165
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	230
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	35
Master's degree	675
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	14,725
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,675
Education	745
13. Education	745
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	315
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35
50. Visual and performing arts	285
Humanities	445
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60
23. English language and literature/letters	155
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	55
54. History	30
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,045
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	90
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	110
22. Legal professions and studies	145
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45
42. Psychology	205
45. Social sciences	430
Business, management and public administration	1,615
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	155
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,460
Physical and life sciences and technologies	530
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	260
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15
40. Physical sciences	135
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	285
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	235
25. Library science	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,735
04. Architecture and related services	35
14. Engineering	270
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	400
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	425
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	350
48. Precision production	255
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	345
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	210
03. Natural resources and conservation	140
Health and related fields	1,500
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,380
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	480
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	265
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	105
49. Transportation and materials moving	90
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,605
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,535
Education	435
13. Education	435
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	215
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25
50. Visual and performing arts	195
Humanities	270
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45
23. English language and literature/letters	85
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	35
54. History	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	785
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	80
22. Legal professions and studies	105
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35
42. Psychology	160
45. Social sciences	330
Business, management and public administration	1,075
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	100
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	980
Physical and life sciences and technologies	350
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	175
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	80
41. Science technologies/technicians	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	225
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	195
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,110
04. Architecture and related services	15
14. Engineering	190
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	240
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	295
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	225
48. Precision production	140
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	255
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	145
03. Natural resources and conservation	105
Health and related fields	995
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	910
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	350
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	180
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	80
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	8,605
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,535
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,070
Location of study inside Canada	5,355
Same as province or territory of residence	4,260
Different than province or territory of residence	1,100
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	710
Americas	205
United States of America	180
Mexico	0
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0
Europe	240
Belgium	0
France	0
Germany	30
Netherlands	10
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	15
Ukraine	25
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20
Africa	60
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	50
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	170
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	30
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	15
Korea, South⁹²	10
Philippines	90
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	20
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0
Oceania	40
Australia	25
New Zealand	15
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	14,725
In the labour force	9,130
Employed	8,685
Unemployed	445
Not in the labour force	5,595
Participation rate	62.0
Employment rate	59.0
Unemployment rate	4.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	14,725
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,545
Worked	9,185
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,205
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,985
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,130
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,040
Employee	7,375
Permanent position	6,295
Temporary position	1,080
Fixed term (1 year or more)	320
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	760
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,670
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,130
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,040
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	155
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,580
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	820
3 Health occupations	840
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,250
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	365
6 Sales and service occupations	1,975
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,505
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	340
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	210
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,130
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	90
All industries¹⁹¹	9,040
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	260
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15
22 Utilities	35
23 Construction	750
31-33 Manufacturing	485
41 Wholesale trade	195
44-45 Retail trade	970
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	375
51 Information and cultural industries	135
52 Finance and insurance	205
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	180
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	800
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	455
61 Educational services	755
62 Health care and social assistance	1,290
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	290
72 Accommodation and food services	405
81 Other services (except public administration)	380
91 Public administration	1,050
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	9,795
English	9,605
French	15
Non-official language	15
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	15
English and French	65
English and non-official language(s)	90
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	9,795
Single responses	9,790
Official languages	9,755
English	9,735
French	20
Non-official languages	30
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	10
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20
Chinese languages	20
Hakka	0
Mandarin	20
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	10
English and French	10
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	9,795
None	9,640
English	25
French	50
Non-official language	65
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	65
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	8,685
Worked at home	2,300
Worked outside Canada	0
No fixed workplace address	995
Usual place of work	5,390
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,390
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,835
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,480
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	65
Commute to a different province or territory	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,385
Car, truck or van	5,575
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,210
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	370
Public transit	210
Walked	290
Bicycle	130
Other method	175
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,385
Less than 15 minutes	2,240
15 to 29 minutes	2,790
30 to 44 minutes	1,040
45 to 59 minutes	145
60 minutes and over	165
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,385
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	310
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,080
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,820
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,620
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	790
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	775
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,050
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,860
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,270
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	145
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	55
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	90
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,125

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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