Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Colwood, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	18,961
Population, 2016¹	16,859
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	12.5
Total private dwellings²	7,688
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,428
Population density per square kilometre	1,073.6
Land area in square kilometres	17.66
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	18,960
0 to 14 years	3,150
0 to 4 years	985
5 to 9 years	1,095
10 to 14 years	1,065
15 to 64 years	12,155
15 to 19 years	995
20 to 24 years	870
25 to 29 years	1,020
30 to 34 years	1,320
35 to 39 years	1,435
40 to 44 years	1,375
45 to 49 years	1,175
50 to 54 years	1,240
55 to 59 years	1,365
60 to 64 years	1,355
65 years and over	3,655
65 to 69 years	1,185
70 to 74 years	990
75 to 79 years	700
80 to 84 years	420
85 years and over	365
85 to 89 years	230
90 to 94 years	105
95 to 99 years	20
100 years and over	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6
15 to 64 years	64.1
65 years and over	19.3
85 years and over	1.9
Average age of the population	42.3
Median age of the population	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,430
Single-detached house	3,655
Semi-detached house	845
Row house	670
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,375
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	680
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	185
Other single-attached house	5
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,425
1 person	1,620
2 persons	2,790
3 persons	1,310
4 persons	1,155
5 or more persons	560
Number of persons in private households	18,790
Average household size	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,815
Married or living common-law	9,980
Married	8,170
Living common-law	1,815
Living common law - Never married	1,220
Living common law - Separated	100
Living common law - Divorced	450
Living common law - Widowed	45
Not married and not living common-law	5,830
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,620
Not married and not living common law - Separated	435
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,000
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	775
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,715
2 persons	3,080
3 persons	1,250
4 persons	1,095
5 or more persons	295
Average size of census families	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,720
Total couple families	4,930
Married couples	4,020
With children⁶	1,965
Without children	2,055
Common-law couples	905
With children⁶	355
Without children	555
Total one-parent families	785
in which the parent is a woman+	565
in which the parent is a man+	220
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	18,790
Total - Persons in census families	15,820
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,855
Parents in one-parent families	790
Children⁶	5,180
In a two-parent family	3,995
In a one-parent family	1,185
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,970
Living alone	1,620
Living with other relatives⁷	390
Living with non-relatives only	965
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,425
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,790
Couple-family households	4,205
With children⁶	1,995
Without children	2,210
One-parent-family households	590
Multigenerational households⁸	220
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	390
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	300
One-person households	1,620
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,645
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,215
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,225
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,150
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,180
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,105
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,100
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,220
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,645
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,190
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,195
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,210
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,185
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,080
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,140
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,125
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,645
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,905
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,960
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,650
Without total income	430
With total income	15,220
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,090
$10,000 to $19,999	1,440
$20,000 to $29,999	1,835
$30,000 to $39,999	1,710
$40,000 to $49,999	1,710
$50,000 to $59,999	1,585
$60,000 to $69,999	1,400
$70,000 to $79,999	1,150
$80,000 to $89,999	990
$90,000 to $99,999	715
$100,000 and over	1,595
$100,000 to $149,999	1,235
$150,000 and over	360
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,650
Without after-tax income	420
With after-tax income	15,225
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,145
$10,000 to $19,999	1,515
$20,000 to $29,999	2,105
$30,000 to $39,999	2,060
$40,000 to $49,999	2,045
$50,000 to $59,999	1,850
$60,000 to $69,999	1,465
$70,000 to $79,999	1,155
$80,000 to $89,999	730
$90,000 to $99,999	385
$100,000 and over	765
$100,000 to $124,999	475
$125,000 and over	295
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,650
Without employment income	4,465
With employment income	11,180
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,260
$5,000 to $9,999	745
$10,000 to $19,999	1,130
$20,000 to $29,999	915
$30,000 to $39,999	885
$40,000 to $49,999	950
$50,000 to $59,999	1,030
$60,000 to $69,999	1,000
$70,000 to $79,999	805
$80,000 to $89,999	765
$90,000 to $99,999	565
$100,000 and over	1,130
$100,000 to $124,999	680
$125,000 and over	455
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,645
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,930
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,980
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,025
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,790
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,510
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	870
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,645
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,975
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,025
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,115
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,805
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,380
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,170
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	870
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,220
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,645
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,870
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,720
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2
Employment income (%)	71.6
Government transfers (%)	10.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,425
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,620
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,810
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,430
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	113,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,615
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,350
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,920
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,815
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,900
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,425
Under $5,000	50
$5,000 to $9,999	25
$10,000 to $14,999	25
$15,000 to $19,999	65
$20,000 to $24,999	145
$25,000 to $29,999	130
$30,000 to $34,999	130
$35,000 to $39,999	180
$40,000 to $44,999	215
$45,000 to $49,999	200
$50,000 to $59,999	465
$60,000 to $69,999	500
$70,000 to $79,999	525
$80,000 to $89,999	505
$90,000 to $99,999	470
$100,000 and over	3,795
$100,000 to $124,999	1,090
$125,000 to $149,999	885
$150,000 to $199,999	1,060
$200,000 and over	760
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,425
Under $5,000	55
$5,000 to $9,999	30
$10,000 to $14,999	25
$15,000 to $19,999	75
$20,000 to $24,999	150
$25,000 to $29,999	150
$30,000 to $34,999	165
$35,000 to $39,999	210
$40,000 to $44,999	255
$45,000 to $49,999	270
$50,000 to $59,999	580
$60,000 to $69,999	595
$70,000 to $79,999	605
$80,000 to $89,999	595
$90,000 to $99,999	555
$100,000 and over	3,120
$100,000 to $124,999	1,180
$125,000 to $149,999	790
$150,000 and over	1,145
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,600
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,355
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,345
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	740
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,580
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,580
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,345
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,365
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	700
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,600
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,580
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,350
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	18,795
0 to 17 years	3,760
0 to 5 years	1,205
18 to 64 years	11,515
65 years and over	3,515
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	920
0 to 17 years	210
0 to 5 years	75
18 to 64 years	485
65 years and over	225
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.6
0 to 5 years (%)	6.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2
65 years and over (%)	6.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	18,790
0 to 17 years	3,760
0 to 5 years	1,210
18 to 64 years	11,520
65 years and over	3,510
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	525
0 to 17 years	100
0 to 5 years	35
18 to 64 years	390
65 years and over	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	18,790
In bottom half of the distribution	7,305
In bottom decile	1,035
In second decile	1,090
In third decile	1,365
In fourth decile	1,830
In fifth decile	1,990
In top half of the distribution	11,490
In sixth decile	2,185
In seventh decile	2,340
In eighth decile	2,510
In ninth decile	2,475
In top decile	1,980
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	18,790
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.270
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.351
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.243
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	18,930
English only	17,275
French only	15
English and French	1,570
Neither English nor French	65
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	18,930
English	18,420
French	395
English and French	55
Neither English nor French	60
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	18,930
Single responses	18,605
Official languages	16,860
English	16,450
French	405
Non-official languages	1,745
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,745
Afro-Asiatic languages	40
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	40
Amharic	0
Arabic	25
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	135
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	20
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	25
Kannada	0
Malayalam	5
Tamil	10
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	985
Albanian	10
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	195
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	190
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	20
Macedonian	0
Polish	55
Russian	70
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	15
Bosnian	0
Croatian	5
Serbian	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	250
Frisian	5
High German languages	150
German	145
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	60
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	25
Danish	15
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	220
Indo-Aryan languages	175
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	5
Hindi	50
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5
Urdu	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	50
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	30
Dari	5
Iranian Persian	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	290
Catalan	0
Italian	40
Portuguese	75
Romanian	15
Spanish	155
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	40
Korean	120
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	20
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	5
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	265
Chinese languages	260
Hakka	0
Mandarin	170
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	80
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15
Lao	5
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	20
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	20
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	30
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	320
English and French	95
English and non-official language(s)	205
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	18,930
English	16,995
French	110
Non-official language	295
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	295
English and French	265
English and non-official language(s)	1,195
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45
Multiple non-official languages	25
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	18,930
Single responses	18,660
Official languages	17,975
English	17,800
French	180
Non-official languages	685
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	685
Afro-Asiatic languages	20
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	20
Amharic	0
Arabic	15
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	65
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	15
Kannada	0
Malayalam	5
Tamil	0
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	290
Albanian	5
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	60
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	60
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	5
Macedonian	0
Polish	10
Russian	40
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	25
Frisian	0
High German languages	15
German	15
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	95
Indo-Aryan languages	75
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	15
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	25
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	5
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	100
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	20
Romanian	10
Spanish	70
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	75
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145
Chinese languages	145
Hakka	0
Mandarin	110
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	5
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	5
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	270
English and French	40
English and non-official language(s)	220
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	18,930
None	17,635
English	375
French	165
Non-official language	585
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	575
English and French	5
English and non-official language(s)	50
French and non-official language(s)	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	80
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	18,790
Official languages	18,745
English	18,735
French	1,545
Non-official languages	2,345
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,345
Afro-Asiatic languages	110
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	105
Amharic	0
Arabic	80
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	20
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	90
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	230
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	15
Indonesian	35
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	60
Kannada	0
Malayalam	10
Tamil	30
Telugu	20
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,315
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	165
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	165
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	10
Macedonian	0
Polish	30
Russian	90
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	15
Bosnian	0
Croatian	15
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	405
Frisian	0
High German languages	295
German	285
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100
Afrikaans	30
Dutch	70
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	35
Danish	15
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	25
Indo-Iranian languages	195
Indo-Aryan languages	150
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	20
Hindi	115
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	30
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	45
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	35
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	550
Catalan	0
Italian	40
Portuguese	130
Romanian	20
Spanish	370
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	75
Korean	130
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	60
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	15
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	290
Chinese languages	285
Hakka	0
Mandarin	225
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	80
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	0
Thai	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	25
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	25
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	35
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	18,790
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	925
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	890
First Nations (North American Indian)	430
Métis	445
Inuk (Inuit)	15
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15
Non-Indigenous identity	17,870
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	18,790
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	240
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	18,550
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,425
Owner	5,455
Renter	1,980
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,425
Condominium	845
Not condominium	6,580
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,425
No bedrooms	10
1 bedroom	625
2 bedrooms	1,330
3 bedrooms	3,005
4 or more bedrooms	2,455
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,425
1 to 4 rooms	1,405
5 rooms	1,095
6 rooms	1,255
7 rooms	1,120
8 or more rooms	2,560
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,425
One person or fewer per room	7,385
More than one person per room	45
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,425
Suitable	7,215
Not suitable	215
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,425
1960 or before	725
1961 to 1980	2,405
1981 to 1990	1,255
1991 to 2000	570
2001 to 2005	410
2006 to 2010	760
2011 to 2015	360
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	945
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,425
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,090
Major repairs needed	340
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,425
One-maintainer household	3,070
Two-maintainer household	3,865
Three-or-more-maintainer household	495
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,425
15 to 24 years	160
25 to 34 years	875
35 to 44 years	1,475
45 to 54 years	1,270
55 to 64 years	1,555
65 to 74 years	1,230
75 to 84 years	665
85 years and over	210
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,410
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,015
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,395
30% to less than 100%	1,255
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,425
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,805
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,260
Not suitable only	155
Major repairs needed only	245
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	80
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	5,625
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,270
In core need	550
Not in core need	6,720
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,450
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.8
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.0
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,680
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,698
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	823,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,975
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.7
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.1
% in core housing need⁶³	17.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,514
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	18,795
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	235
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	230
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	130
Métis single ancestry	85
Inuit single ancestry	15
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	860
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	840
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	565
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	255
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	17,700
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	18,795
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	17,990
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,655
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,335
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	800
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	18,795
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	16,170
Immigrants⁸¹	2,380
Before 1980	935
1980 to 1990	295
1991 to 2000	285
2001 to 2010	320
2011 to 2021⁸²	540
2011 to 2015	235
2016 to 2021	305
Non-permanent residents⁸³	240
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,375
Under 5 years	290
5 to 14 years	445
15 to 24 years	480
25 to 44 years	1,020
45 years and over	145
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,375
Americas	400
Brazil	10
Colombia	40
El Salvador	20
Guyana	15
Haiti	0
Jamaica	25
Mexico	20
Peru	25
Trinidad and Tobago	20
United States of America	200
Other places of birth in Americas	35
Europe	1,040
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	15
France	25
Germany	115
Greece	10
Hungary	20
Italy	10
Netherlands	35
Poland	25
Portugal	60
Romania	15
Russian Federation	30
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	515
Other places of birth in Europe	140
Africa	110
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	20
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	35
Other places of birth in Africa	45
Asia	780
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	25
Iraq	10
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	125
Hong Kong⁹¹	20
Korea, South⁹²	90
Taiwan	30
Philippines	160
Viet Nam	50
Bangladesh	0
India	75
Pakistan	15
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	160
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	45
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	300
Americas	60
Brazil	10
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	10
Mexico	0
United States of America	40
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	55
France	10
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15
Other places of birth in Europe	35
Africa	25
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	15
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10
Asia	160
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	35
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	25
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	10
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	20
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	18,790
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,930
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,505
Third generation or more¹⁰²	12,360
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,445
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	710
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	355
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	355
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	595
Refugees¹⁰⁸	120
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,445
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	245
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	150
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	965
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	18,790
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,985
South Asian	280
Chinese	410
Black	230
Filipino	265
Arab	60
Latin American	185
Southeast Asian	180
West Asian	55
Korean	130
Japanese	80
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40
Multiple visible minorities	60
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	16,810
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	18,795
Canadian	2,825
English	6,630
Irish	3,355
Scottish	4,680
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,605
German	2,440
Chinese	405
Italian	525
Indian (India)	180
Ukrainian	935
Dutch	700
Polish	515
Québécois	70
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,055
Filipino	300
French Canadian	240
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	435
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	340
Métis	365
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	625
Russian	425
Norwegian	560
Welsh	560
Portuguese	205
American	310
Spanish	135
Swedish	560
Hungarian	285
Acadian	35
Pakistani	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60
Jewish	105
Punjabi	30
Vietnamese	95
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30
Greek	70
Jamaican	40
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70
Korean	125
Romanian	90
Lebanese	15
Iranian	35
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	10
Danish	305
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	90
Sikh	0
Austrian	170
Belgian	105
Haitian	0
Hindu	0
Mexican	85
Mennonite	60
Swiss	125
Finnish	170
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	55
Japanese	85
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	40
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	170
Muslim	20
Egyptian	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0
Tamil	0
Icelandic	165
Colombian	80
Moroccan	25
Czech	95
Syrian	0
Guyanese	15
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0
Serbian	20
Ojibway	15
Newfoundlander	50
Hong Konger	25
Ontarian	45
Persian	35
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25
Turkish	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	15
Brazilian	45
Nigerian	0
Armenian	0
Slovak	35
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50
Somali	0
Taiwanese	45
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	25
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	10
South African	40
Australian	50
Palestinian	0
Chilean	15
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	0
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35
Peruvian	25
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	10
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	25
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65
New Brunswicker	15
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	25
Mohawk	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	25
Barbadian	15
African American	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	35
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	20
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	25
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25
British Columbian	155
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	0
Kurdish	0
Fijian	15
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60
Coptic	0
Thai	35
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10
New Zealander	40
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	15
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	25
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	10
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	10
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	20
Honduran	0
Cherokee	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	10
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	15
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	18,790
Buddhist	115
Christian	6,410
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,390
Anabaptist	25
Anglican	935
Baptist	290
Catholic	1,785
Christian Orthodox	100
Jehovah's Witness	135
Latter Day Saints	65
Lutheran	190
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	60
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	270
Presbyterian	80
Reformed	30
United Church	580
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	470
Hindu	80
Jewish	90
Muslim	145
Sikh	40
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	220
No religion and secular perspectives	11,685
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	18,645
Non-movers	16,270
Movers	2,380
Non-migrants	1,420
Migrants	960
Internal migrants	810
Intraprovincial migrants	540
Interprovincial migrants	270
External migrants	155
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	17,785
Non-movers	9,885
Movers	7,905
Non-migrants	1,325
Migrants	6,580
Internal migrants	6,120
Intraprovincial migrants	4,620
Interprovincial migrants	1,500
External migrants	455
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,645
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,155
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,490
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,215
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	880
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,335
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,650
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,750
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,565
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,250
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,550
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	570
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	985
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,260
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	440
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,310
Bachelor's degree	2,265
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	180
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60
Master's degree	715
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	95
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,220
No certificate, diploma or degree	635
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,190
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,390
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,850
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,055
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	395
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	655
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,480
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	320
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,540
Bachelor's degree	1,745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	140
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25
Master's degree	565
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	60
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,645
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,085
Education	570
13. Education	570
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	255
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30
50. Visual and performing arts	230
Humanities	360
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25
23. English language and literature/letters	70
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	125
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	35
54. History	50
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	75
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	200
22. Legal professions and studies	130
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10
42. Psychology	190
45. Social sciences	365
Business, management and public administration	1,660
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	155
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,505
Physical and life sciences and technologies	310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	145
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	75
41. Science technologies/technicians	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	295
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	235
25. Library science	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,930
04. Architecture and related services	80
14. Engineering	195
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	585
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	550
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	320
48. Precision production	195
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	205
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	115
03. Natural resources and conservation	90
Health and related fields	1,375
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,265
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	620
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	325
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40
43. Security and protective services	135
49. Transportation and materials moving	105
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,825
Education	350
13. Education	350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	200
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20
50. Visual and performing arts	180
Humanities	265
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10
23. English language and literature/letters	60
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	25
54. History	40
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	775
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	155
22. Legal professions and studies	120
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10
42. Psychology	125
45. Social sciences	290
Business, management and public administration	1,210
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	115
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,090
Physical and life sciences and technologies	240
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	55
41. Science technologies/technicians	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	250
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	215
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,385
04. Architecture and related services	80
14. Engineering	145
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	400
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	410
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	215
48. Precision production	130
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	165
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95
03. Natural resources and conservation	70
Health and related fields	1,035
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	955
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	515
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	255
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30
43. Security and protective services	125
49. Transportation and materials moving	85
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,390
Location of study inside Canada	5,690
Same as province or territory of residence	4,180
Different than province or territory of residence	1,505
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	705
Americas	195
United States of America	135
Mexico	0
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	15
Colombia	15
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	15
Europe	200
Belgium	0
France	15
Germany	15
Netherlands	10
Switzerland	10
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	20
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	95
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20
Africa	15
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	10
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	270
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	10
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	25
Taiwan	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	15
Korea, South⁹²	40
Philippines	70
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	40
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	30
Oceania	20
Australia	0
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,650
In the labour force	10,205
Employed	9,685
Unemployed	520
Not in the labour force	5,445
Participation rate	65.2
Employment rate	61.9
Unemployment rate	5.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,645
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,435
Worked	10,210
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,030
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,185
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,200
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,070
Employee	8,755
Permanent position	7,745
Temporary position	1,010
Fixed term (1 year or more)	360
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	650
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,315
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,200
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,070
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	95
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,705
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	845
3 Health occupations	755
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,750
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	315
6 Sales and service occupations	2,515
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,750
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	180
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	170
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,200
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135
All industries¹⁹¹	10,070
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	85
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25
22 Utilities	40
23 Construction	915
31-33 Manufacturing	365
41 Wholesale trade	175
44-45 Retail trade	1,245
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	330
51 Information and cultural industries	155
52 Finance and insurance	290
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	145
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	795
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	465
61 Educational services	625
62 Health care and social assistance	1,265
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	190
72 Accommodation and food services	575
81 Other services (except public administration)	345
91 Public administration	2,030
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,920
English	10,650
French	30
Non-official language	15
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	15
English and French	130
English and non-official language(s)	85
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,920
Single responses	10,910
Official languages	10,895
English	10,840
French	50
Non-official languages	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	0
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10
Chinese languages	10
Hakka	0
Mandarin	10
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	10
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,920
None	10,700
English	20
French	105
Non-official language	70
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	70
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,680
Worked at home	1,975
Worked outside Canada	15
No fixed workplace address	1,455
Usual place of work	6,245
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,245
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	885
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,205
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	140
Commute to a different province or territory	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,695
Car, truck or van	6,550
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,105
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	440
Public transit	400
Walked	275
Bicycle	185
Other method	285
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,695
Less than 15 minutes	2,215
15 to 29 minutes	3,000
30 to 44 minutes	1,815
45 to 59 minutes	465
60 minutes and over	200
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,695
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	435
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,745
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,285
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,350
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	830
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,060
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,845
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	400
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,450
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,800
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	295
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	155
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	140
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,495

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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