Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	MalpequeMore information: Prince Edward Island [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	39,731	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	36,030	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.3	...	...	10.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	19,972	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	16,096	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	24.7	...	...	24.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,606.40	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	39,730	19,685	20,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,445	3,315	3,130	16.2	16.8	15.6
0 to 4 years	1,800	915	885	4.5	4.6	4.4
5 to 9 years	2,205	1,125	1,075	5.5	5.7	5.4
10 to 14 years	2,445	1,275	1,170	6.2	6.5	5.8
15 to 64 years	25,425	12,540	12,880	64.0	63.7	64.2
15 to 19 years	2,245	1,160	1,090	5.7	5.9	5.4
20 to 24 years	2,130	1,085	1,045	5.4	5.5	5.2
25 to 29 years	2,080	1,070	1,010	5.2	5.4	5.0
30 to 34 years	2,245	1,075	1,170	5.7	5.5	5.8
35 to 39 years	2,345	1,140	1,200	5.9	5.8	6.0
40 to 44 years	2,460	1,165	1,295	6.2	5.9	6.5
45 to 49 years	2,540	1,265	1,275	6.4	6.4	6.4
50 to 54 years	2,795	1,410	1,390	7.0	7.2	6.9
55 to 59 years	3,295	1,580	1,715	8.3	8.0	8.6
60 to 64 years	3,290	1,600	1,690	8.3	8.1	8.4
65 years and over	7,860	3,825	4,030	19.8	19.4	20.1
65 to 69 years	2,815	1,395	1,425	7.1	7.1	7.1
70 to 74 years	2,310	1,155	1,160	5.8	5.9	5.8
75 to 79 years	1,375	675	695	3.5	3.4	3.5
80 to 84 years	760	355	410	1.9	1.8	2.0
85 years and over	600	245	350	1.5	1.2	1.7
85 to 89 years	405	180	225	1.0	0.9	1.1
90 to 94 years	160	60	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	35	5	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.2	16.8	15.6	16.2	16.8	15.6
15 to 64 years	64.0	63.7	64.2	64.0	63.7	64.2
65 years and over	19.8	19.4	20.1	19.8	19.4	20.1
85 years and over	1.5	1.2	1.7	1.5	1.2	1.7
Average age of the population	42.9	42.4	43.4	42.9	42.4	43.4
Median age of the population	44.8	44.4	45.2	44.8	44.4	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	16,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	13,295	...	...	82.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	535	...	...	3.3	...	...
Row house	625	...	...	3.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	160	...	...	1.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	660	...	...	4.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	800	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	16,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,730	...	...	23.2	...	...
2 persons	6,535	...	...	40.6	...	...
3 persons	2,510	...	...	15.6	...	...
4 persons	2,125	...	...	13.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,195	...	...	7.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	39,365	19,460	19,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	33,285	16,370	16,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	21,370	10,680	10,690	64.2	65.2	63.2
Married	17,835	8,935	8,900	53.6	54.6	52.6
Living common-law	3,535	1,750	1,790	10.6	10.7	10.6
Living common law - Never married	2,435	1,185	1,255	7.3	7.2	7.4
Living common law - Separated	190	105	90	0.6	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	805	410	395	2.4	2.5	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	105	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	11,915	5,690	6,225	35.8	34.8	36.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,775	4,185	3,585	23.4	25.6	21.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	840	395	445	2.5	2.4	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,670	735	930	5.0	4.5	5.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,630	365	1,265	4.9	2.2	7.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,750	...	...	55.8	...	...
3 persons	2,385	...	...	19.7	...	...
4 persons	1,990	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	965	...	...	8.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	10,530	...	...	87.1	...	...
Married couples	8,760	...	...	72.4	...	...
With children⁶	4,055	...	...	33.5	...	...
Without children	4,700	...	...	38.9	...	...
Common-law couples	1,770	...	...	14.6	...	...
With children⁶	675	...	...	5.6	...	...
Without children	1,095	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,570	...	...	13.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,180	...	...	9.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	390	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	39,370	19,460	19,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	33,825	16,815	17,010	85.9	86.4	85.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	21,050	10,510	10,545	53.5	54.0	53.0
Parents in one-parent families	1,570	390	1,185	4.0	2.0	6.0
Children⁶	11,200	5,915	5,285	28.4	30.4	26.5
In a two-parent family	8,785	4,605	4,185	22.3	23.7	21.0
In a one-parent family	2,415	1,310	1,100	6.1	6.7	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,545	2,645	2,895	14.1	13.6	14.5
Living alone	3,730	1,705	2,025	9.5	8.8	10.2
Living with other relatives⁷	630	260	365	1.6	1.3	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	1,185	680	505	3.0	3.5	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	16,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,095	...	...	68.9	...	...
Couple-family households	9,850	...	...	61.2	...	...
With children⁶	4,455	...	...	27.7	...	...
Without children	5,400	...	...	33.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,245	...	...	7.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	295	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	80	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	380	...	...	2.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	515	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	3,730	...	...	23.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	32,930	16,150	16,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,025	15,700	16,325	97.3	97.2	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	45,200	37,600	41,200	45,200	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,050	15,715	16,335	97.3	97.3	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,800	33,600	36,000	38,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,410	14,685	14,730	89.3	90.9	87.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,800	29,600	34,000	38,800	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,530	12,605	11,930	74.5	78.0	71.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,000	31,200	34,800	38,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,895	11,350	13,550	75.6	70.3	80.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	11,700	11,800	11,800	11,700	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,940	2,960	2,975	18.0	18.3	17.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	7,900	6,400	7,050	7,900	6,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,840	3,695	4,145	23.8	22.9	24.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,500	7,500	7,000	6,500	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	32,950	16,195	16,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,105	15,720	16,385	97.4	97.1	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,800	52,300	43,440	47,800	52,300	43,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,120	15,735	16,385	97.5	97.2	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,920	42,960	37,000	39,920	42,960	37,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,455	14,695	14,765	89.4	90.7	88.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,640	46,600	36,720	41,640	46,600	36,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,595	12,685	11,910	74.6	78.3	71.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,320	44,920	37,480	41,320	44,920	37,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,265	11,500	13,765	76.7	71.0	82.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,160	11,960	12,340	12,160	11,960	12,340
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,250	3,175	3,075	19.0	19.6	18.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,560	8,990	8,120	8,560	8,990	8,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,070	3,750	4,320	24.5	23.2	25.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,760	7,540	7,940	7,760	7,540	7,940
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	32,950	16,190	16,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,850	6,395	5,455	36.0	39.5	32.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	58,400	53,200	55,600	58,400	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,200	65,900	57,900	62,200	65,900	57,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,275	5,000	5,275	31.2	30.9	31.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	19,200	15,300	17,000	19,200	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	25,520	21,380	23,400	25,520	21,380
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	83.2	76.2	80.0	83.2	76.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.2	69.2	62.7	66.2	69.2	62.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.0	16.7	23.9	20.0	16.7	23.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	4.0	5.9	4.9	4.0	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.4	4.8	4.1	3.4	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	32,930	16,150	16,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	905	450	455	2.7	2.8	2.7
With total income	32,025	15,705	16,325	97.3	97.2	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,300	1,015	1,285	7.2	6.5	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	3,525	1,465	2,055	11.0	9.3	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	4,815	2,015	2,805	15.0	12.8	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	4,830	2,210	2,620	15.1	14.1	16.0
$40,000 to $49,999	4,445	2,300	2,145	13.9	14.6	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,585	1,780	1,810	11.2	11.3	11.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,535	1,405	1,130	7.9	8.9	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,680	965	715	5.2	6.1	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,360	725	635	4.2	4.6	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	935	475	455	2.9	3.0	2.8
$100,000 and over	2,010	1,345	665	6.3	8.6	4.1
$100,000 to $149,999	1,450	925	525	4.5	5.9	3.2
$150,000 and over	560	425	140	1.7	2.7	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	32,930	16,150	16,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	875	435	445	2.7	2.7	2.7
With after-tax income	32,050	15,715	16,335	97.3	97.3	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,480	1,065	1,415	7.7	6.8	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	3,785	1,585	2,200	11.8	10.1	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,005	2,600	3,405	18.7	16.5	20.8
$30,000 to $39,999	6,030	3,005	3,020	18.8	19.1	18.5
$40,000 to $49,999	5,060	2,565	2,490	15.8	16.3	15.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,305	1,785	1,525	10.3	11.4	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,195	1,145	1,045	6.8	7.3	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,315	715	595	4.1	4.5	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	685	395	290	2.1	2.5	1.8
$90,000 to $99,999	380	250	130	1.2	1.6	0.8
$100,000 and over	810	595	215	2.5	3.8	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	430	295	135	1.3	1.9	0.8
$125,000 and over	380	300	80	1.2	1.9	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	32,930	16,150	16,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	8,395	3,545	4,850	25.5	22.0	28.9
With employment income	24,535	12,600	11,930	74.5	78.0	71.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,130	1,485	1,645	12.8	11.8	13.8
$5,000 to $9,999	2,045	900	1,145	8.3	7.1	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,205	1,515	1,690	13.1	12.0	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	2,580	1,275	1,305	10.5	10.1	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	2,725	1,325	1,395	11.1	10.5	11.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,630	1,400	1,235	10.7	11.1	10.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,230	1,230	1,005	9.1	9.8	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,645	935	710	6.7	7.4	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,230	710	520	5.0	5.6	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,000	485	520	4.1	3.8	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	700	370	330	2.9	2.9	2.8
$100,000 and over	1,410	970	440	5.7	7.7	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	750	470	275	3.1	3.7	2.3
$125,000 and over	665	505	160	2.7	4.0	1.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	32,930	16,150	16,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,625	15,490	16,135	96.0	95.9	96.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,600	35,200	39,200	43,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,665	15,495	16,170	96.2	95.9	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	37,600	31,200	34,400	37,600	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,405	14,610	14,800	89.3	90.5	88.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,200	29,600	34,000	39,200	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,020	12,700	12,315	76.0	78.6	73.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,800	30,400	34,400	38,800	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,190	9,780	12,405	67.4	60.6	73.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	9,200	8,700	8,900	9,200	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,815	2,905	2,910	17.7	18.0	17.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,550	8,000	6,950	7,550	8,000	6,950
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	32,950	16,195	16,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,720	15,535	16,185	96.3	95.9	96.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,920	51,450	40,600	45,920	51,450	40,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,740	15,540	16,200	96.3	96.0	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,040	41,800	34,480	38,040	41,800	34,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,480	14,675	14,805	89.5	90.6	88.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,880	47,720	36,080	41,880	47,720	36,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,170	12,865	12,305	76.4	79.4	73.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,160	45,840	36,240	41,160	45,840	36,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,475	9,890	12,580	68.2	61.1	75.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,890	9,990	9,800	9,890	9,990	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,115	3,115	3,000	18.6	19.2	17.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,520	8,750	8,270	8,520	8,750	8,270
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	32,950	16,190	16,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,770	6,340	5,435	35.7	39.2	32.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	55,600	50,000	53,200	55,600	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,050	65,300	53,950	60,050	65,300	53,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,020	4,900	5,120	30.4	30.3	30.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	22,400	17,000	19,400	22,400	17,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,160	29,840	24,580	27,160	29,840	24,580
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.8	87.6	81.2	84.8	87.6	81.2
Employment income (%)	71.2	73.8	67.8	71.2	73.8	67.8
Government transfers (%)	15.2	12.4	18.8	15.2	12.4	18.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.6	3.4	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	16,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,365	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	16,090	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,400	...	...	95,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,700	...	...	79,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,680	...	...	45,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,520	...	...	38,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,300	...	...	92,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	16,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	110	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	160	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	200	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	575	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	495	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	520	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	630	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	585	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	580	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,275	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,175	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,230	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,155	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,115	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,235	...	...	38.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,225	...	...	13.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,525	...	...	9.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,590	...	...	9.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	890	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	16,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	65	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	165	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	220	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	655	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	610	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	635	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	715	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	795	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	725	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,455	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,520	...	...	9.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,490	...	...	9.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,355	...	...	8.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,150	...	...	7.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,410	...	...	27.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,090	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,190	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,130	...	...	7.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	11,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,915	2,385	2,530	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	39,200	37,200	38,000	39,200	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,400	32,800	33,600	34,400	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	11,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,300	...	...	110,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,800	...	...	97,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,300	...	...	81,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,400	...	...	135,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	112,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,700	...	...	70,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,500	...	...	61,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,945	2,320	2,625	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,040	43,840	44,240	44,040	43,840	44,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,240	37,000	37,480	37,240	37,000	37,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	39,370	19,460	19,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,830	4,015	3,820	19.9	20.6	19.2
0 to 5 years	2,215	1,135	1,080	5.6	5.8	5.4
18 to 64 years	23,825	11,690	12,140	60.5	60.1	61.0
65 years and over	7,705	3,750	3,950	19.6	19.3	19.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,010	1,870	2,140	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	895	445	445	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	240	125	115	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,860	890	970	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,260	535	725	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.2	9.6	10.8	10.2	9.6	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.2	11.7	11.4	11.2	11.7
0 to 5 years (%)	10.7	11.0	10.6	10.7	11.0	10.6
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.6	8.0	7.8	7.6	8.0
65 years and over (%)	16.3	14.2	18.4	16.3	14.2	18.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	39,325	19,435	19,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,825	4,005	3,815	19.9	20.6	19.2
0 to 5 years	2,215	1,135	1,080	5.6	5.8	5.4
18 to 64 years	23,795	11,675	12,120	60.5	60.1	60.9
65 years and over	7,705	3,755	3,950	19.6	19.3	19.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	875	450	430	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	170	80	90	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	40	20	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	610	325	280	...	...	...
65 years and over	100	40	60	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	2.0	2.4	2.2	2.0	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.6	2.0	1.8	1.6	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.8	2.3	2.6	2.8	2.3
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.0	1.5	1.3	1.0	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	39,370	19,460	19,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	21,575	10,480	11,095	54.8	53.9	55.7
In bottom decile	3,285	1,570	1,715	8.3	8.1	8.6
In second decile	4,370	2,040	2,330	11.1	10.5	11.7
In third decile	4,585	2,245	2,340	11.6	11.5	11.8
In fourth decile	4,555	2,235	2,315	11.6	11.5	11.6
In fifth decile	4,780	2,385	2,400	12.1	12.3	12.1
In top half of the distribution	17,790	8,980	8,810	45.2	46.1	44.3
In sixth decile	4,555	2,295	2,255	11.6	11.8	11.3
In seventh decile	4,370	2,205	2,165	11.1	11.3	10.9
In eighth decile	3,840	1,930	1,910	9.8	9.9	9.6
In ninth decile	3,095	1,565	1,535	7.9	8.0	7.7
In top decile	1,930	985	940	4.9	5.1	4.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	39,370	...	...	39,370	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.396	...	...	0.396	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	39,545	19,575	19,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	34,530	17,515	17,015	87.3	89.5	85.2
French only	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	4,875	1,980	2,895	12.3	10.1	14.5
Neither English nor French	120	75	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	39,545	19,575	19,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	38,585	19,135	19,450	97.6	97.8	97.4
French	790	350	440	2.0	1.8	2.2
English and French	55	30	35	0.1	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	110	70	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	39,545	19,575	19,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	39,155	19,390	19,765	99.0	99.1	99.0
Official languages	37,540	18,495	19,040	94.9	94.5	95.3
English	36,695	18,130	18,570	92.8	92.6	93.0
French	840	370	475	2.1	1.9	2.4
Non-official languages	1,615	895	725	4.1	4.6	3.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,615	895	720	4.1	4.6	3.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	215	120	90	0.5	0.6	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	190	105	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	960	540	420	2.4	2.8	2.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	440	235	205	1.1	1.2	1.0
Frisian	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
High German languages	165	80	90	0.4	0.4	0.5
German	140	70	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	240	135	105	0.6	0.7	0.5
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	225	130	100	0.6	0.7	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	220	160	65	0.6	0.8	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	195	145	55	0.5	0.7	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	105	40	0.4	0.5	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	185	95	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	125	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	215	105	110	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	205	100	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	180	85	90	0.5	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	390	185	200	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	210	95	120	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	150	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	39,545	19,575	19,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	37,200	18,395	18,805	94.1	94.0	94.2
French	220	95	125	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	515	295	215	1.3	1.5	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	515	295	215	1.3	1.5	1.1
English and French	580	245	340	1.5	1.3	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	950	510	440	2.4	2.6	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	39,545	19,575	19,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	39,270	19,455	19,820	99.3	99.4	99.2
Official languages	38,370	18,945	19,425	97.0	96.8	97.3
English	38,080	18,820	19,270	96.3	96.1	96.5
French	285	125	160	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official languages	905	505	395	2.3	2.6	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	905	505	395	2.3	2.6	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	145	90	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	80	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	435	255	180	1.1	1.3	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	150	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	160	115	45	0.4	0.6	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	145	105	35	0.4	0.5	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	90	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185	95	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	180	90	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	270	125	145	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and French	95	30	70	0.2	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	170	95	75	0.4	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	39,545	19,575	19,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	38,175	18,900	19,280	96.5	96.6	96.5
English	360	190	175	0.9	1.0	0.9
French	440	195	250	1.1	1.0	1.3
Non-official language	440	225	215	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	440	225	215	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	70	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	39,370	19,490	19,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	39,245	19,415	19,830	99.7	99.6	99.7
English	39,230	19,415	19,815	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	5,000	2,020	2,970	12.7	10.4	14.9
Non-official languages	2,505	1,280	1,225	6.4	6.6	6.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,490	1,280	1,210	6.3	6.6	6.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	330	145	180	0.8	0.7	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	320	140	175	0.8	0.7	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	70	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,575	845	730	4.0	4.3	3.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	185	120	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	185	120	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	100	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	590	295	290	1.5	1.5	1.5
Frisian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
High German languages	320	165	160	0.8	0.8	0.8
German	320	165	155	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	285	145	140	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	250	140	115	0.6	0.7	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	280	205	75	0.7	1.1	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	245	185	60	0.6	0.9	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	200	160	40	0.5	0.8	0.2
Kacchi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	100	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	525	225	305	1.3	1.2	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	415	180	240	1.1	0.9	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	270	120	150	0.7	0.6	0.8
Chinese languages	255	115	140	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	250	110	140	0.6	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	39,375	19,490	19,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	635	290	340	1.6	1.5	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	560	270	295	1.4	1.4	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	320	165	150	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis	215	100	115	0.5	0.5	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	38,735	19,195	19,545	98.4	98.5	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	39,375	19,490	19,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	240	110	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	39,130	19,375	19,760	99.4	99.4	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	16,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	13,270	...	...	82.5	...	...
Renter	2,800	...	...	17.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	16,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	230	...	...	1.4	...	...
Not condominium	15,860	...	...	98.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	16,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	750	...	...	4.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,735	...	...	23.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,970	...	...	43.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,620	...	...	28.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	16,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,675	...	...	16.6	...	...
5 rooms	2,515	...	...	15.6	...	...
6 rooms	2,605	...	...	16.2	...	...
7 rooms	2,550	...	...	15.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,740	...	...	35.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	16,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	15,965	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	130	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	16,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	15,750	...	...	97.9	...	...
Not suitable	340	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	16,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,490	...	...	21.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,440	...	...	21.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,830	...	...	11.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,400	...	...	14.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	985	...	...	6.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,270	...	...	7.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,140	...	...	7.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,535	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	16,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	14,815	...	...	92.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,275	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	16,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,360	...	...	45.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	8,225	...	...	51.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	510	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	16,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	330	...	...	2.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,865	...	...	11.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,450	...	...	15.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,970	...	...	18.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,660	...	...	22.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,020	...	...	18.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,410	...	...	8.8	...	...
85 years and over	380	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	15,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	13,835	...	...	88.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,890	...	...	12.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,730	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	16,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,235	...	...	20.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,665	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not suitable only	275	...	...	1.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,035	...	...	6.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	195	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	12,855	...	...	79.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	15,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	725	...	...	4.7	...	...
Not in core need	14,845	...	...	95.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,960	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.4	...	...	57.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,031	...	...	1,031	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	324,400	...	...	324,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,800	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.1	...	...	12.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.6	...	...	29.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,031	...	...	1,031	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	15	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	280	...	...	280	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	39,375	19,485	19,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	245	125	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	245	125	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	175	100	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Métis single ancestry	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	730	345	390	1.9	1.8	2.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	730	340	390	1.9	1.7	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	610	285	330	1.5	1.5	1.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105	45	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	38,390	19,015	19,380	97.5	97.6	97.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	39,370	19,485	19,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	37,810	18,670	19,140	96.0	95.8	96.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,545	3,905	3,640	19.2	20.0	18.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	30,265	14,760	15,505	76.9	75.8	78.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,565	825	745	4.0	4.2	3.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	39,370	19,485	19,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	36,430	17,980	18,450	92.5	92.3	92.8
Immigrants⁸¹	2,375	1,140	1,230	6.0	5.9	6.2
Before 1980	630	300	330	1.6	1.5	1.7
1980 to 1990	265	130	140	0.7	0.7	0.7
1991 to 2000	135	75	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
2001 to 2010	370	165	205	0.9	0.8	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	970	475	495	2.5	2.4	2.5
2011 to 2015	380	210	170	1.0	1.1	0.9
2016 to 2021	590	260	330	1.5	1.3	1.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	570	370	205	1.4	1.9	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,375	1,140	1,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	260	120	135	10.9	10.5	11.0
5 to 14 years	500	255	245	21.1	22.4	19.9
15 to 24 years	385	170	220	16.2	14.9	17.9
25 to 44 years	980	470	510	41.3	41.2	41.5
45 years and over	240	125	115	10.1	11.0	9.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,375	1,140	1,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	485	210	270	20.4	18.4	22.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
El Salvador	25	10	15	1.1	0.9	1.2
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	15	0	0.8	1.3	0.0
Mexico	25	0	20	1.1	0.0	1.6
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	325	155	170	13.7	13.6	13.8
Other places of birth in Americas	65	25	45	2.7	2.2	3.7
Europe	1,110	565	540	46.7	49.6	43.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	15	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
France	50	20	30	2.1	1.8	2.4
Germany	75	30	45	3.2	2.6	3.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Italy	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Netherlands	195	115	85	8.2	10.1	6.9
Poland	40	25	20	1.7	2.2	1.6
Portugal	25	15	0	1.1	1.3	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	20	10	1.3	1.8	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	45	15	25	1.9	1.3	2.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	500	240	260	21.1	21.1	21.1
Other places of birth in Europe	105	50	55	4.4	4.4	4.5
Africa	110	55	55	4.6	4.8	4.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	15	1.1	0.9	1.2
Other places of birth in Africa	50	30	25	2.1	2.6	2.0
Asia	650	285	365	27.4	25.0	29.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	20	10	1.3	1.8	0.8
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	155	70	85	6.5	6.1	6.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	20	10	10	0.8	0.9	0.8
Philippines	190	70	120	8.0	6.1	9.8
Viet Nam	25	10	20	1.1	0.9	1.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	85	50	35	3.6	4.4	2.8
Pakistan	15	10	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	100	35	70	4.2	3.1	5.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	15	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	585	260	330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	85	35	50	14.5	13.5	15.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	10	2.6	0.0	3.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	15	0	3.4	5.8	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	1.7	0.0	3.0
United States of America	20	10	10	3.4	3.8	3.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	15	3.4	3.8	4.5
Europe	125	60	60	21.4	23.1	18.2
France	30	20	10	5.1	7.7	3.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20	20	6.8	7.7	6.1
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	10	3.4	3.8	3.0
Africa	20	15	0	3.4	5.8	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	360	150	215	61.5	57.7	65.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	110	50	60	18.8	19.2	18.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	30	25	9.4	11.5	7.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	135	50	90	23.1	19.2	27.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	30	10	20	5.1	3.8	6.1
Viet Nam	15	0	15	2.6	0.0	4.5
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	39,370	19,490	19,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,185	1,615	1,575	8.1	8.3	7.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,640	1,355	1,285	6.7	7.0	6.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	33,550	16,525	17,025	85.2	84.8	85.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,745	840	900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,275	660	610	73.1	78.6	67.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	535	380	155	30.7	45.2	17.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	740	280	455	42.4	33.3	50.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	360	125	235	20.6	14.9	26.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	105	45	55	6.0	5.4	6.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,745	840	900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	375	215	160	21.5	25.6	17.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	75	30	50	4.3	3.6	5.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	130	65	65	7.4	7.7	7.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,145	535	610	65.6	63.7	67.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	39,370	19,490	19,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,810	915	890	4.6	4.7	4.5
South Asian	375	260	115	1.0	1.3	0.6
Chinese	285	130	160	0.7	0.7	0.8
Black	315	175	140	0.8	0.9	0.7
Filipino	355	155	195	0.9	0.8	1.0
Arab	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latin American	195	75	115	0.5	0.4	0.6
Southeast Asian	120	45	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
West Asian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	37,565	18,570	18,990	95.4	95.3	95.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	39,370	19,490	19,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,665	3,350	3,315	16.9	17.2	16.7
English	10,900	5,350	5,545	27.7	27.4	27.9
Irish	10,690	4,995	5,695	27.2	25.6	28.6
Scottish	14,460	6,875	7,585	36.7	35.3	38.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,430	2,630	2,800	13.8	13.5	14.1
German	2,170	1,125	1,040	5.5	5.8	5.2
Chinese	305	125	180	0.8	0.6	0.9
Italian	455	235	220	1.2	1.2	1.1
Indian (India)	225	155	70	0.6	0.8	0.4
Ukrainian	315	155	160	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dutch	1,410	735	680	3.6	3.8	3.4
Polish	315	145	170	0.8	0.7	0.9
Québécois	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,005	530	480	2.6	2.7	2.4
Filipino	325	145	175	0.8	0.7	0.9
French Canadian	140	70	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,635	815	825	4.2	4.2	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	305	125	175	0.8	0.6	0.9
Métis	160	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	595	300	295	1.5	1.5	1.5
Russian	120	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norwegian	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Welsh	780	425	355	2.0	2.2	1.8
Portuguese	75	55	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
American	290	155	140	0.7	0.8	0.7
Spanish	130	70	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Swedish	165	70	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hungarian	145	50	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
Acadian	2,135	945	1,190	5.4	4.8	6.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Punjabi	55	50	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Vietnamese	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Greek	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanese	160	95	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iranian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	115	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	175	70	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	175	95	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sikh	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austrian	60	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belgian	90	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	30	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexican	105	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	135	80	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finnish	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	260	135	125	0.7	0.7	0.6
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	80	55	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syrian	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	95	35	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	60	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Gujarati	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Honduran	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	65	45	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	755	385	370	1.9	2.0	1.9
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	39,375	19,490	19,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	85	30	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	27,260	13,045	14,215	69.2	66.9	71.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,530	1,240	1,290	6.4	6.4	6.5
Anabaptist	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Anglican	1,890	855	1,035	4.8	4.4	5.2
Baptist	1,450	690	760	3.7	3.5	3.8
Catholic	11,285	5,410	5,875	28.7	27.8	29.5
Christian Orthodox	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	130	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	210	100	110	0.5	0.5	0.6
Presbyterian	2,035	990	1,040	5.2	5.1	5.2
Reformed	185	85	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
United Church	5,180	2,415	2,760	13.2	12.4	13.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,005	1,020	985	5.1	5.2	5.0
Hindu	105	90	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
Jewish	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	155	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	90	65	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	11,545	6,120	5,425	29.3	31.4	27.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	39,085	19,345	19,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	34,845	17,280	17,570	89.2	89.3	89.0
Movers	4,235	2,065	2,165	10.8	10.7	11.0
Non-migrants	1,540	755	790	3.9	3.9	4.0
Migrants	2,690	1,315	1,380	6.9	6.8	7.0
Internal migrants	2,475	1,205	1,270	6.3	6.2	6.4
Intraprovincial migrants	1,470	695	775	3.8	3.6	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,005	515	490	2.6	2.7	2.5
External migrants	215	105	110	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	37,550	18,600	18,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	22,575	11,210	11,365	60.1	60.3	60.0
Movers	14,980	7,390	7,585	39.9	39.7	40.0
Non-migrants	1,995	960	1,035	5.3	5.2	5.5
Migrants	12,980	6,430	6,550	34.6	34.6	34.6
Internal migrants	11,950	5,850	6,100	31.8	31.5	32.2
Intraprovincial migrants	8,850	4,305	4,545	23.6	23.1	24.0
Interprovincial migrants	3,100	1,550	1,550	8.3	8.3	8.2
External migrants	1,030	580	455	2.7	3.1	2.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,950	16,190	16,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,380	3,175	2,210	16.3	19.6	13.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	27,565	13,015	14,550	83.7	80.4	86.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,940	10,325	10,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,905	1,290	615	9.1	12.5	5.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,040	9,035	10,005	90.9	87.5	94.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,950	16,190	16,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,840	2,815	2,025	14.7	17.4	12.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,920	4,680	4,245	27.1	28.9	25.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,185	8,695	10,490	58.2	53.7	62.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,115	5,775	6,340	36.8	35.7	37.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,495	1,915	580	7.6	11.8	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,290	905	385	3.9	5.6	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,205	1,010	195	3.7	6.2	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,890	3,610	5,280	27.0	22.3	31.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	725	250	480	2.2	1.5	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,075	2,920	4,150	21.5	18.0	24.8
Bachelor's degree	4,915	1,960	2,950	14.9	12.1	17.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	375	165	210	1.1	1.0	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	70	110	0.6	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	1,375	585	790	4.2	3.6	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	230	130	95	0.7	0.8	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,945	10,320	10,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,660	1,120	540	7.9	10.9	5.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,340	2,970	2,370	25.5	28.8	22.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,945	6,235	7,710	66.6	60.4	72.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,575	4,160	4,420	40.9	40.3	41.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,605	1,255	350	7.7	12.2	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	800	575	225	3.8	5.6	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	810	680	130	3.9	6.6	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,520	2,755	3,760	31.1	26.7	35.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	455	145	305	2.2	1.4	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,365	2,075	3,290	25.6	20.1	31.0
Bachelor's degree	3,775	1,435	2,340	18.0	13.9	22.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	240	110	130	1.1	1.1	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	140	45	95	0.7	0.4	0.9
Master's degree	1,040	380	655	5.0	3.7	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	170	100	70	0.8	1.0	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	32,950	16,190	16,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,765	7,495	6,270	41.8	46.3	37.4
Education	1,300	320	980	3.9	2.0	5.8
13. Education	1,300	320	980	3.9	2.0	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	460	220	240	1.4	1.4	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	425	185	235	1.3	1.1	1.4
Humanities	890	340	550	2.7	2.1	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	0	45	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	240	60	180	0.7	0.4	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	175	65	110	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	70	75	0.5	0.4	0.4
54. History	170	90	80	0.5	0.6	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,545	445	1,100	4.7	2.7	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	180	70	115	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	340	15	325	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	245	50	195	0.7	0.3	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	280	90	195	0.8	0.6	1.2
45. Social sciences	450	215	240	1.4	1.3	1.4
Business, management and public administration	4,835	1,505	3,335	14.7	9.3	19.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	485	115	375	1.5	0.7	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,335	1,395	2,945	13.2	8.6	17.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	785	325	460	2.4	2.0	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	325	150	175	1.0	0.9	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	245	85	160	0.7	0.5	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	155	85	75	0.5	0.5	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	695	475	220	2.1	2.9	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	615	445	170	1.9	2.7	1.0
25. Library science	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,695	3,470	220	11.2	21.4	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	85	60	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	375	310	60	1.1	1.9	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	670	590	75	2.0	3.6	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,200	1,180	20	3.6	7.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	840	825	20	2.5	5.1	0.1
48. Precision production	520	500	20	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	830	470	360	2.5	2.9	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	665	385	280	2.0	2.4	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	160	85	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
Health and related fields	2,970	480	2,485	9.0	3.0	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	240	140	105	0.7	0.9	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,675	310	2,365	8.1	1.9	14.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,175	640	530	3.6	4.0	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	640	190	450	1.9	1.2	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	200	150	55	0.6	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	315	290	25	1.0	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,940	10,320	10,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,995	4,090	2,915	33.4	39.6	27.4
Education	820	190	635	3.9	1.8	6.0
13. Education	820	190	635	3.9	1.8	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	345	165	185	1.6	1.6	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	320	140	180	1.5	1.4	1.7
Humanities	670	230	435	3.2	2.2	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	200	50	155	1.0	0.5	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	130	50	80	0.6	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	40	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
54. History	120	55	70	0.6	0.5	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,220	335	885	5.8	3.2	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	50	100	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	250	15	240	1.2	0.1	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	210	30	180	1.0	0.3	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	225	75	150	1.1	0.7	1.4
45. Social sciences	340	155	185	1.6	1.5	1.7
Business, management and public administration	3,540	1,120	2,410	16.9	10.9	22.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	375	85	295	1.8	0.8	2.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,155	1,040	2,115	15.1	10.1	19.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	520	200	325	2.5	1.9	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230	80	150	1.1	0.8	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155	55	100	0.7	0.5	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	115	60	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	550	375	175	2.6	3.6	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	495	360	140	2.4	3.5	1.3
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,640	2,435	205	12.6	23.6	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	70	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	255	200	50	1.2	1.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	505	430	70	2.4	4.2	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	840	825	20	4.0	8.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	610	590	20	2.9	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	365	350	15	1.7	3.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	615	325	290	2.9	3.1	2.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	480	255	220	2.3	2.5	2.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	75	65	0.6	0.7	0.6
Health and related fields	2,115	365	1,750	10.1	3.5	16.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	180	110	65	0.9	1.1	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,900	245	1,655	9.1	2.4	15.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	915	495	415	4.4	4.8	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	510	155	360	2.4	1.5	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	165	125	40	0.8	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	230	215	20	1.1	2.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	20,940	10,320	10,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,995	4,090	2,915	33.4	39.6	27.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,945	6,235	7,710	66.6	60.4	72.6
Location of study inside Canada	12,930	5,755	7,170	61.7	55.8	67.5
Same as province or territory of residence	8,470	3,825	4,650	40.4	37.1	43.8
Different than province or territory of residence	4,455	1,935	2,520	21.3	18.8	23.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,015	475	535	4.8	4.6	5.0
Americas	275	100	170	1.3	1.0	1.6
United States of America	220	75	145	1.1	0.7	1.4
Mexico	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	330	170	160	1.6	1.6	1.5
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	50	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	150	75	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	375	190	190	1.8	1.8	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	90	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	120	60	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Viet Nam	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	60	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	32,950	16,190	16,760	...	...	...
In the labour force	22,450	11,615	10,840	...	...	...
Employed	20,325	10,510	9,820	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,120	1,105	1,020	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	10,500	4,575	5,925	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.1	71.7	64.7	68.1	71.7	64.7
Employment rate	61.7	64.9	58.6	61.7	64.9	58.6
Unemployment rate	9.4	9.5	9.4	9.4	9.5	9.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	32,950	16,190	16,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,040	4,345	5,695	30.5	26.8	34.0
Worked	22,910	11,845	11,065	69.5	73.2	66.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	12,140	6,575	5,565	36.8	40.6	33.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,770	5,275	5,500	32.7	32.6	32.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.0	40.4	40.7	41.0	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	22,450	11,615	10,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	365	170	195	1.6	1.5	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	22,085	11,440	10,645	98.4	98.5	98.2
Employee	18,980	9,355	9,630	84.5	80.5	88.9
Permanent position	14,185	7,025	7,165	63.2	60.5	66.1
Temporary position	4,800	2,330	2,470	21.4	20.1	22.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	915	370	545	4.1	3.2	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,885	1,960	1,925	17.3	16.9	17.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,100	2,090	1,015	13.8	18.0	9.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	22,450	11,615	10,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	365	170	195	1.6	1.5	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	22,085	11,440	10,645	98.4	98.5	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	255	155	100	1.1	1.3	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,600	950	2,655	16.0	8.2	24.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,430	1,000	430	6.4	8.6	4.0
3 Health occupations	1,810	240	1,570	8.1	2.1	14.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,675	820	1,855	11.9	7.1	17.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	425	210	210	1.9	1.8	1.9
6 Sales and service occupations	4,710	1,850	2,860	21.0	15.9	26.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,295	4,045	245	19.1	34.8	2.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,835	1,445	390	8.2	12.4	3.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,045	715	325	4.7	6.2	3.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	22,450	11,615	10,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	365	170	195	1.6	1.5	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	22,085	11,440	10,645	98.4	98.5	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,050	1,475	570	9.1	12.7	5.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	45	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	90	75	15	0.4	0.6	0.1
23 Construction	2,205	1,965	235	9.8	16.9	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	1,735	1,230	510	7.7	10.6	4.7
41 Wholesale trade	430	335	90	1.9	2.9	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	2,240	1,035	1,205	10.0	8.9	11.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	745	580	160	3.3	5.0	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	200	125	75	0.9	1.1	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	530	205	325	2.4	1.8	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	245	135	105	1.1	1.2	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,105	550	550	4.9	4.7	5.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	805	520	290	3.6	4.5	2.7
61 Educational services	1,760	505	1,255	7.8	4.3	11.6
62 Health care and social assistance	2,585	400	2,185	11.5	3.4	20.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	435	250	190	1.9	2.2	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	1,250	420	830	5.6	3.6	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,060	565	490	4.7	4.9	4.5
91 Public administration	2,540	1,000	1,540	11.3	8.6	14.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	24,315	12,560	11,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	23,335	12,200	11,135	96.0	97.1	94.7
French	100	15	85	0.4	0.1	0.7
Non-official language	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	665	225	435	2.7	1.8	3.7
English and non-official language(s)	140	80	55	0.6	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	24,315	12,560	11,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	24,245	12,525	11,725	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	24,130	12,475	11,655	99.2	99.3	99.1
English	23,920	12,435	11,480	98.4	99.0	97.7
French	215	40	180	0.9	0.3	1.5
Non-official languages	110	50	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	110	50	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Chinese languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	24,315	12,560	11,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	23,555	12,275	11,285	96.9	97.7	96.0
English	165	45	120	0.7	0.4	1.0
French	500	180	320	2.1	1.4	2.7
Non-official language	60	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	60	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	20,325	10,510	9,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,280	1,535	1,740	16.1	14.6	17.7
Worked outside Canada	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	2,855	2,230	620	14.0	21.2	6.3
Usual place of work	14,170	6,730	7,445	69.7	64.0	75.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	14,165	6,730	7,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,760	970	790	12.4	14.4	10.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,225	4,620	5,605	72.2	68.6	75.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,850	985	865	13.1	14.6	11.6
Commute to a different province or territory	330	150	185	2.3	2.2	2.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	17,025	8,960	8,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	16,245	8,570	7,670	95.4	95.6	95.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15,220	8,160	7,050	89.4	91.1	87.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,025	400	620	6.0	4.5	7.7
Public transit	85	50	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
Walked	335	145	190	2.0	1.6	2.4
Bicycle	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other method	335	170	165	2.0	1.9	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	17,025	8,960	8,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,390	2,940	2,450	31.7	32.8	30.4
15 to 29 minutes	7,655	3,870	3,790	45.0	43.2	47.0
30 to 44 minutes	2,790	1,400	1,395	16.4	15.6	17.3
45 to 59 minutes	750	440	315	4.4	4.9	3.9
60 minutes and over	435	310	125	2.6	3.5	1.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	17,025	8,960	8,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	945	730	215	5.6	8.1	2.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,145	1,915	1,230	18.5	21.4	15.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,655	3,530	3,125	39.1	39.4	38.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,370	1,460	1,915	19.8	16.3	23.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,220	395	820	7.2	4.4	10.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,690	935	760	9.9	10.4	9.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,000	4,105	3,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	730	365	365	9.1	8.9	9.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,265	3,735	3,530	90.8	91.0	90.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,060	3,115	2,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	550	270	280	9.1	8.7	9.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	320	150	170	5.3	4.8	5.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	230	120	110	3.8	3.9	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,510	2,845	2,670	90.9	91.3	90.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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