Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	MalpequeMore information: Prince Edward Island [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	39,731
Population, 2016¹	36,030
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.3
Total private dwellings²	19,972
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	16,096
Population density per square kilometre	24.7
Land area in square kilometres	1,606.40
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	39,730
0 to 14 years	6,445
0 to 4 years	1,800
5 to 9 years	2,205
10 to 14 years	2,445
15 to 64 years	25,425
15 to 19 years	2,245
20 to 24 years	2,130
25 to 29 years	2,080
30 to 34 years	2,245
35 to 39 years	2,345
40 to 44 years	2,460
45 to 49 years	2,540
50 to 54 years	2,795
55 to 59 years	3,295
60 to 64 years	3,290
65 years and over	7,860
65 to 69 years	2,815
70 to 74 years	2,310
75 to 79 years	1,375
80 to 84 years	760
85 years and over	600
85 to 89 years	405
90 to 94 years	160
95 to 99 years	35
100 years and over	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.2
15 to 64 years	64.0
65 years and over	19.8
85 years and over	1.5
Average age of the population	42.9
Median age of the population	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	16,100
Single-detached house	13,295
Semi-detached house	535
Row house	625
Apartment or flat in a duplex	160
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	660
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5
Other single-attached house	25
Movable dwelling⁴	800
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	16,095
1 person	3,730
2 persons	6,535
3 persons	2,510
4 persons	2,125
5 or more persons	1,195
Number of persons in private households	39,365
Average household size	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	33,285
Married or living common-law	21,370
Married	17,835
Living common-law	3,535
Living common law - Never married	2,435
Living common law - Separated	190
Living common law - Divorced	805
Living common law - Widowed	105
Not married and not living common-law	11,915
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,775
Not married and not living common law - Separated	840
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,670
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,630
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,100
2 persons	6,750
3 persons	2,385
4 persons	1,990
5 or more persons	965
Average size of census families	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,095
Total couple families	10,530
Married couples	8,760
With children⁶	4,055
Without children	4,700
Common-law couples	1,770
With children⁶	675
Without children	1,095
Total one-parent families	1,570
in which the parent is a woman+	1,180
in which the parent is a man+	390
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	39,370
Total - Persons in census families	33,825
Married spouses or common-law partners	21,050
Parents in one-parent families	1,570
Children⁶	11,200
In a two-parent family	8,785
In a one-parent family	2,415
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,545
Living alone	3,730
Living with other relatives⁷	630
Living with non-relatives only	1,185
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	16,100
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,095
Couple-family households	9,850
With children⁶	4,455
Without children	5,400
One-parent-family households	1,245
Multigenerational households⁸	295
Multiple-census-family households⁹	80
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	380
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	515
One-person households	3,730
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	32,930
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,025
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,050
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,410
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,530
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,895
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,940
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,840
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	32,950
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,105
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,455
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,595
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,265
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,250
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,070
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,760
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	32,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,850
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,275
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	32,930
Without total income	905
With total income	32,025
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,300
$10,000 to $19,999	3,525
$20,000 to $29,999	4,815
$30,000 to $39,999	4,830
$40,000 to $49,999	4,445
$50,000 to $59,999	3,585
$60,000 to $69,999	2,535
$70,000 to $79,999	1,680
$80,000 to $89,999	1,360
$90,000 to $99,999	935
$100,000 and over	2,010
$100,000 to $149,999	1,450
$150,000 and over	560
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	32,930
Without after-tax income	875
With after-tax income	32,050
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,480
$10,000 to $19,999	3,785
$20,000 to $29,999	6,005
$30,000 to $39,999	6,030
$40,000 to $49,999	5,060
$50,000 to $59,999	3,305
$60,000 to $69,999	2,195
$70,000 to $79,999	1,315
$80,000 to $89,999	685
$90,000 to $99,999	380
$100,000 and over	810
$100,000 to $124,999	430
$125,000 and over	380
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	32,930
Without employment income	8,395
With employment income	24,535
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,130
$5,000 to $9,999	2,045
$10,000 to $19,999	3,205
$20,000 to $29,999	2,580
$30,000 to $39,999	2,725
$40,000 to $49,999	2,630
$50,000 to $59,999	2,230
$60,000 to $69,999	1,645
$70,000 to $79,999	1,230
$80,000 to $89,999	1,000
$90,000 to $99,999	700
$100,000 and over	1,410
$100,000 to $124,999	750
$125,000 and over	665
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	32,930
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,625
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	31,665
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,405
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,020
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,190
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,815
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,550
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	32,950
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,720
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,740
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,480
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,170
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,475
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,115
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	32,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,770
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,020
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	84.8
Employment income (%)	71.2
Government transfers (%)	15.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	16,095
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,730
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,365
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	16,090
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,700
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,765
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,680
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,520
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,325
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,500
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,300
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	16,095
Under $5,000	110
$5,000 to $9,999	60
$10,000 to $14,999	160
$15,000 to $19,999	200
$20,000 to $24,999	575
$25,000 to $29,999	495
$30,000 to $34,999	520
$35,000 to $39,999	630
$40,000 to $44,999	585
$45,000 to $49,999	580
$50,000 to $59,999	1,275
$60,000 to $69,999	1,175
$70,000 to $79,999	1,230
$80,000 to $89,999	1,155
$90,000 to $99,999	1,115
$100,000 and over	6,235
$100,000 to $124,999	2,225
$125,000 to $149,999	1,525
$150,000 to $199,999	1,590
$200,000 and over	890
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	16,095
Under $5,000	135
$5,000 to $9,999	65
$10,000 to $14,999	165
$15,000 to $19,999	220
$20,000 to $24,999	655
$25,000 to $29,999	610
$30,000 to $34,999	635
$35,000 to $39,999	715
$40,000 to $44,999	795
$45,000 to $49,999	725
$50,000 to $59,999	1,455
$60,000 to $69,999	1,520
$70,000 to $79,999	1,490
$80,000 to $89,999	1,355
$90,000 to $99,999	1,150
$100,000 and over	4,410
$100,000 to $124,999	2,090
$125,000 to $149,999	1,190
$150,000 and over	1,130
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	11,980
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,445
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,795
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,450
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,915
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	11,930
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,300
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,370
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,865
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,390
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,700
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,500
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,945
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	39,370
0 to 17 years	7,830
0 to 5 years	2,215
18 to 64 years	23,825
65 years and over	7,705
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,010
0 to 17 years	895
0 to 5 years	240
18 to 64 years	1,860
65 years and over	1,260
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.2
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	10.7
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8
65 years and over (%)	16.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	39,325
0 to 17 years	7,825
0 to 5 years	2,215
18 to 64 years	23,795
65 years and over	7,705
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	875
0 to 17 years	170
0 to 5 years	40
18 to 64 years	610
65 years and over	100
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6
65 years and over (%)	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	39,370
In bottom half of the distribution	21,575
In bottom decile	3,285
In second decile	4,370
In third decile	4,585
In fourth decile	4,555
In fifth decile	4,780
In top half of the distribution	17,790
In sixth decile	4,555
In seventh decile	4,370
In eighth decile	3,840
In ninth decile	3,095
In top decile	1,930
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	39,370
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.287
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.396
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	39,545
English only	34,530
French only	20
English and French	4,875
Neither English nor French	120
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	39,545
English	38,585
French	790
English and French	55
Neither English nor French	110
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	39,545
Single responses	39,155
Official languages	37,540
English	36,695
French	840
Non-official languages	1,615
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,615
Afro-Asiatic languages	45
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	45
Amharic	0
Arabic	40
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	215
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	190
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	45
Kannada	0
Malayalam	40
Tamil	0
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	960
Albanian	0
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	105
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	105
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	5
Macedonian	0
Polish	25
Russian	45
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	5
Bosnian	0
Croatian	5
Serbian	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	440
Frisian	20
High German languages	165
German	140
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	240
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	225
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	15
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	5
Indo-Iranian languages	220
Indo-Aryan languages	195
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	15
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	25
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	185
Catalan	0
Italian	15
Portuguese	35
Romanian	10
Spanish	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	20
Korean	30
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	10
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	215
Chinese languages	205
Hakka	0
Mandarin	180
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	5
S'gaw Karen	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	25
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	390
English and French	210
English and non-official language(s)	150
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	39,545
English	37,200
French	220
Non-official language	515
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	515
English and French	580
English and non-official language(s)	950
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	50
Multiple non-official languages	20
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	39,545
Single responses	39,270
Official languages	38,370
English	38,080
French	285
Non-official languages	905
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	905
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	15
Amharic	0
Arabic	15
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	145
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	40
Kannada	0
Malayalam	35
Tamil	0
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	435
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	45
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	45
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	10
Russian	35
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	150
Frisian	5
High German languages	65
German	50
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	70
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	160
Indo-Aryan languages	145
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	15
Hindi	10
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	20
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	10
Romanian	0
Spanish	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	30
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185
Chinese languages	180
Hakka	0
Mandarin	165
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10
Yue (Cantonese)	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	5
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	270
English and French	95
English and non-official language(s)	170
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	39,545
None	38,175
English	360
French	440
Non-official language	440
Indigenous³⁹	5
Non-Indigenous	440
English and French	5
English and non-official language(s)	70
French and non-official language(s)	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	25
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	39,370
Official languages	39,245
English	39,230
French	5,000
Non-official languages	2,505
Indigenous languages³⁹	15
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,490
Afro-Asiatic languages	90
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	90
Amharic	0
Arabic	55
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	25
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	65
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	330
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	85
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	320
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	15
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	105
Kannada	0
Malayalam	95
Tamil	10
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,575
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	185
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	185
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	45
Russian	100
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	20
Bosnian	0
Croatian	20
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	20
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	590
Frisian	20
High German languages	320
German	320
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	285
Afrikaans	40
Dutch	250
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	20
Danish	20
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	40
Indo-Iranian languages	280
Indo-Aryan languages	245
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	50
Hindi	200
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	35
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	35
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	525
Catalan	0
Italian	75
Portuguese	60
Romanian	0
Spanish	415
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	25
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	65
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	10
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	20
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	270
Chinese languages	255
Hakka	0
Mandarin	250
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	25
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	39,375
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	635
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	560
First Nations (North American Indian)	320
Métis	215
Inuk (Inuit)	20
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70
Non-Indigenous identity	38,735
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	39,375
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	240
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	39,130
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	16,085
Owner	13,270
Renter	2,800
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	15
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	16,085
Condominium	230
Not condominium	15,860
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	16,085
No bedrooms	20
1 bedroom	750
2 bedrooms	3,735
3 bedrooms	6,970
4 or more bedrooms	4,620
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	16,085
1 to 4 rooms	2,675
5 rooms	2,515
6 rooms	2,605
7 rooms	2,550
8 or more rooms	5,740
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	16,085
One person or fewer per room	15,965
More than one person per room	130
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	16,085
Suitable	15,750
Not suitable	340
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	16,085
1960 or before	3,490
1961 to 1980	3,440
1981 to 1990	1,830
1991 to 2000	2,400
2001 to 2005	985
2006 to 2010	1,270
2011 to 2015	1,140
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,535
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	16,085
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	14,815
Major repairs needed	1,275
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	16,085
One-maintainer household	7,360
Two-maintainer household	8,225
Three-or-more-maintainer household	510
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	16,085
15 to 24 years	330
25 to 34 years	1,865
35 to 44 years	2,450
45 to 54 years	2,970
55 to 64 years	3,660
65 to 74 years	3,020
75 to 84 years	1,410
85 years and over	380
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	15,730
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	13,835
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,890
30% to less than 100%	1,730
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	16,090
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,235
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,665
Not suitable only	275
Major repairs needed only	1,035
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	195
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	12,855
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	15,560
In core need	725
Not in core need	14,845
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,960
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.2
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,031
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	324,400
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,800
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.6
% in core housing need⁶³	11.9
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,031
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	15
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	280
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	39,375
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	245
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	175
Métis single ancestry	55
Inuit single ancestry	15
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	730
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	730
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	610
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	38,390
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	39,370
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	37,810
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,545
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	30,265
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,565
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	39,370
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	36,430
Immigrants⁸¹	2,375
Before 1980	630
1980 to 1990	265
1991 to 2000	135
2001 to 2010	370
2011 to 2021⁸²	970
2011 to 2015	380
2016 to 2021	590
Non-permanent residents⁸³	570
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,375
Under 5 years	260
5 to 14 years	500
15 to 24 years	385
25 to 44 years	980
45 years and over	240
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,375
Americas	485
Brazil	0
Colombia	15
El Salvador	25
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	20
Mexico	25
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	325
Other places of birth in Americas	65
Europe	1,110
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	15
France	50
Germany	75
Greece	0
Hungary	10
Italy	10
Netherlands	195
Poland	40
Portugal	25
Romania	0
Russian Federation	30
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	45
United Kingdom⁸⁷	500
Other places of birth in Europe	105
Africa	110
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	15
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	25
Other places of birth in Africa	50
Asia	650
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	30
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	155
Hong Kong⁹¹	10
Korea, South⁹²	0
Taiwan	20
Philippines	190
Viet Nam	25
Bangladesh	0
India	85
Pakistan	15
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	100
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	585
Americas	85
Brazil	0
Colombia	15
Haiti	0
Jamaica	20
Mexico	10
United States of America	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20
Europe	125
France	30
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40
Other places of birth in Europe	20
Africa	20
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	360
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	110
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	55
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	135
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	30
Viet Nam	15
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	39,370
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,185
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,640
Third generation or more¹⁰²	33,550
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,745
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,275
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	535
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	740
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	360
Refugees¹⁰⁸	105
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,745
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	375
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	75
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	130
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,145
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	39,370
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,810
South Asian	375
Chinese	285
Black	315
Filipino	355
Arab	65
Latin American	195
Southeast Asian	120
West Asian	15
Korean	15
Japanese	30
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10
Multiple visible minorities	35
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	37,565
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	39,370
Canadian	6,665
English	10,900
Irish	10,690
Scottish	14,460
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,430
German	2,170
Chinese	305
Italian	455
Indian (India)	225
Ukrainian	315
Dutch	1,410
Polish	315
Québécois	80
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,005
Filipino	325
French Canadian	140
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,635
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	305
Métis	160
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	595
Russian	120
Norwegian	120
Welsh	780
Portuguese	75
American	290
Spanish	130
Swedish	165
Hungarian	145
Acadian	2,135
Pakistani	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60
Jewish	55
Punjabi	55
Vietnamese	65
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55
Greek	75
Jamaican	60
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10
Korean	15
Romanian	10
Lebanese	160
Iranian	40
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	115
Danish	175
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	175
Sikh	15
Austrian	60
Belgian	90
Haitian	0
Hindu	30
Mexican	105
Mennonite	0
Swiss	135
Finnish	25
Sri Lankan	10
Croatian	35
Japanese	50
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	260
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	80
Muslim	0
Egyptian	35
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	55
Tamil	0
Icelandic	25
Colombian	25
Moroccan	0
Czech	10
Syrian	30
Guyanese	15
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20
Serbian	20
Ojibway	0
Newfoundlander	105
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	50
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0
Turkish	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	0
Nigerian	40
Armenian	0
Slovak	35
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30
Somali	0
Taiwanese	10
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	15
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	40
South African	0
Australian	30
Palestinian	20
Chilean	35
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	95
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	10
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25
New Brunswicker	60
Gujarati	25
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	30
Israeli	10
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	25
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	0
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	10
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65
Coptic	0
Thai	10
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	15
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	25
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	35
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	15
Honduran	10
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	65
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	10
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	30
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	755
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	10
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	15
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	39,375
Buddhist	85
Christian	27,260
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,530
Anabaptist	10
Anglican	1,890
Baptist	1,450
Catholic	11,285
Christian Orthodox	120
Jehovah's Witness	130
Latter Day Saints	80
Lutheran	65
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	210
Presbyterian	2,035
Reformed	185
United Church	5,180
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,005
Hindu	105
Jewish	40
Muslim	155
Sikh	90
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	95
No religion and secular perspectives	11,545
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	39,085
Non-movers	34,845
Movers	4,235
Non-migrants	1,540
Migrants	2,690
Internal migrants	2,475
Intraprovincial migrants	1,470
Interprovincial migrants	1,005
External migrants	215
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	37,550
Non-movers	22,575
Movers	14,980
Non-migrants	1,995
Migrants	12,980
Internal migrants	11,950
Intraprovincial migrants	8,850
Interprovincial migrants	3,100
External migrants	1,030
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,950
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,380
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	27,565
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,940
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,905
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,040
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,950
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,840
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,920
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,185
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,115
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,495
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,290
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,205
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	725
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,075
Bachelor's degree	4,915
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	375
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185
Master's degree	1,375
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	230
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,945
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,660
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,945
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,575
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,605
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	800
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	810
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,520
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	455
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,365
Bachelor's degree	3,775
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	240
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	140
Master's degree	1,040
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	170
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	32,950
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,765
Education	1,300
13. Education	1,300
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	460
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40
50. Visual and performing arts	425
Humanities	890
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50
23. English language and literature/letters	240
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	175
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55
39. Theology and religious vocations	150
54. History	170
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,545
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	180
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	340
22. Legal professions and studies	245
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25
42. Psychology	280
45. Social sciences	450
Business, management and public administration	4,835
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,335
Physical and life sciences and technologies	785
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	325
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	245
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20
40. Physical sciences	155
41. Science technologies/technicians	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	695
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	615
25. Library science	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	50
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,695
04. Architecture and related services	85
14. Engineering	375
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	670
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,200
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	840
48. Precision production	520
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	830
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	665
03. Natural resources and conservation	160
Health and related fields	2,970
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	240
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,675
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,175
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	640
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15
43. Security and protective services	200
49. Transportation and materials moving	315
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,940
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,995
Education	820
13. Education	820
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	345
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30
50. Visual and performing arts	320
Humanities	670
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40
23. English language and literature/letters	200
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	130
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45
39. Theology and religious vocations	105
54. History	120
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,220
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	250
22. Legal professions and studies	210
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15
42. Psychology	225
45. Social sciences	340
Business, management and public administration	3,540
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	375
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,155
Physical and life sciences and technologies	520
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	115
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	550
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	495
25. Library science	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,640
04. Architecture and related services	70
14. Engineering	255
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	505
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	840
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	610
48. Precision production	365
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	615
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	480
03. Natural resources and conservation	135
Health and related fields	2,115
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	180
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,900
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	915
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	510
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	165
49. Transportation and materials moving	230
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	20,940
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,995
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,945
Location of study inside Canada	12,930
Same as province or territory of residence	8,470
Different than province or territory of residence	4,455
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,015
Americas	275
United States of America	220
Mexico	35
Cuba	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0
Europe	330
Belgium	0
France	15
Germany	30
Netherlands	50
Switzerland	10
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	15
Ukraine	25
Ireland⁹⁶	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	150
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0
Africa	20
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	10
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	375
Iran⁸⁸	10
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	90
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	10
Korea, South⁹²	0
Philippines	120
Viet Nam	20
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	60
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	30
Oceania	15
Australia	10
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	32,950
In the labour force	22,450
Employed	20,325
Unemployed	2,120
Not in the labour force	10,500
Participation rate	68.1
Employment rate	61.7
Unemployment rate	9.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	32,950
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,040
Worked	22,910
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	12,140
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,770
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	22,450
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	365
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	22,085
Employee	18,980
Permanent position	14,185
Temporary position	4,800
Fixed term (1 year or more)	915
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,885
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,100
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	22,450
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	365
All occupations¹⁹¹	22,085
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	255
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,600
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,430
3 Health occupations	1,810
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,675
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	425
6 Sales and service occupations	4,710
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,295
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,835
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,045
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	22,450
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	365
All industries¹⁹¹	22,085
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,050
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45
22 Utilities	90
23 Construction	2,205
31-33 Manufacturing	1,735
41 Wholesale trade	430
44-45 Retail trade	2,240
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	745
51 Information and cultural industries	200
52 Finance and insurance	530
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	245
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,105
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	805
61 Educational services	1,760
62 Health care and social assistance	2,585
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	435
72 Accommodation and food services	1,250
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,060
91 Public administration	2,540
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	24,315
English	23,335
French	100
Non-official language	55
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	55
English and French	665
English and non-official language(s)	140
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	24,315
Single responses	24,245
Official languages	24,130
English	23,920
French	215
Non-official languages	110
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	110
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	65
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	55
Frisian	0
High German languages	25
German	25
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25
Chinese languages	25
Hakka	0
Mandarin	25
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	70
English and French	50
English and non-official language(s)	25
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	24,315
None	23,555
English	165
French	500
Non-official language	60
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	60
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	20,325
Worked at home	3,280
Worked outside Canada	25
No fixed workplace address	2,855
Usual place of work	14,170
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	14,165
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,760
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,225
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,850
Commute to a different province or territory	330
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	17,025
Car, truck or van	16,245
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15,220
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,025
Public transit	85
Walked	335
Bicycle	25
Other method	335
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	17,025
Less than 15 minutes	5,390
15 to 29 minutes	7,655
30 to 44 minutes	2,790
45 to 59 minutes	750
60 minutes and over	435
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	17,025
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	945
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,145
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,655
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,370
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,220
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,690
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,000
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	730
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,265
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,060
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	550
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	320
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	230
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,510

Symbol legend

x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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