Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	HalifaxMore information: Nova Scotia [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	107,010
Population, 2016¹	94,610
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	13.1
Total private dwellings²	55,199
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	51,036
Population density per square kilometre	498.7
Land area in square kilometres	214.58
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	107,010
0 to 14 years	12,740
0 to 4 years	4,280
5 to 9 years	4,375
10 to 14 years	4,090
15 to 64 years	77,750
15 to 19 years	4,600
20 to 24 years	13,175
25 to 29 years	13,580
30 to 34 years	10,090
35 to 39 years	7,635
40 to 44 years	6,065
45 to 49 years	5,265
50 to 54 years	5,385
55 to 59 years	6,085
60 to 64 years	5,870
65 years and over	16,515
65 to 69 years	5,295
70 to 74 years	4,475
75 to 79 years	2,760
80 to 84 years	1,910
85 years and over	2,085
85 to 89 years	1,255
90 to 94 years	560
95 to 99 years	235
100 years and over	35
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.9
15 to 64 years	72.7
65 years and over	15.4
85 years and over	1.9
Average age of the population	39.3
Median age of the population	34.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	51,035
Single-detached house	14,875
Semi-detached house	2,025
Row house	2,730
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,355
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,950
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	14,690
Other single-attached house	125
Movable dwelling⁴	295
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	51,035
1 person	19,700
2 persons	18,305
3 persons	6,550
4 persons	4,350
5 or more persons	2,125
Number of persons in private households	105,080
Average household size	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	94,270
Married or living common-law	43,925
Married	30,670
Living common-law	13,255
Living common law - Never married	11,335
Living common law - Separated	320
Living common law - Divorced	1,480
Living common law - Widowed	125
Not married and not living common-law	50,340
Not married and not living common law - Never married	38,845
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,275
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,195
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,025
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	25,430
2 persons	15,550
3 persons	4,910
4 persons	3,550
5 or more persons	1,420
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	25,430
Total couple families	21,315
Married couples	14,680
With children⁶	7,085
Without children	7,600
Common-law couples	6,630
With children⁶	1,280
Without children	5,350
Total one-parent families	4,120
in which the parent is a woman+	3,375
in which the parent is a man+	740
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	105,085
Total - Persons in census families	67,740
Married spouses or common-law partners	42,625
Parents in one-parent families	4,120
Children⁶	21,000
In a two-parent family	14,800
In a one-parent family	6,205
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	37,340
Living alone	19,695
Living with other relatives⁷	2,595
Living with non-relatives only	15,045
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	51,035
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,155
Couple-family households	19,765
With children⁶	7,820
Without children	11,940
One-parent-family households	3,390
Multigenerational households⁸	555
Multiple-census-family households⁹	145
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,190
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	6,295
One-person households	19,700
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	92,370
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,280
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,330
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,780
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,445
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,940
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,010
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,820
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	92,400
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,230
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,275
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,870
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,500
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,035
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,880
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,255
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,805
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	92,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,820
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,435
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,820
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	92,365
Without total income	3,085
With total income	89,280
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,140
$10,000 to $19,999	10,710
$20,000 to $29,999	15,765
$30,000 to $39,999	12,000
$40,000 to $49,999	9,545
$50,000 to $59,999	7,410
$60,000 to $69,999	5,690
$70,000 to $79,999	4,420
$80,000 to $89,999	3,790
$90,000 to $99,999	2,835
$100,000 and over	8,985
$100,000 to $149,999	5,460
$150,000 and over	3,520
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	92,365
Without after-tax income	3,040
With after-tax income	89,330
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,630
$10,000 to $19,999	11,290
$20,000 to $29,999	18,270
$30,000 to $39,999	14,370
$40,000 to $49,999	10,970
$50,000 to $59,999	7,905
$60,000 to $69,999	5,710
$70,000 to $79,999	3,805
$80,000 to $89,999	2,355
$90,000 to $99,999	1,515
$100,000 and over	4,510
$100,000 to $124,999	2,000
$125,000 and over	2,510
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	92,365
Without employment income	24,925
With employment income	67,445
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,565
$5,000 to $9,999	6,445
$10,000 to $19,999	9,375
$20,000 to $29,999	6,740
$30,000 to $39,999	6,020
$40,000 to $49,999	5,635
$50,000 to $59,999	4,730
$60,000 to $69,999	3,940
$70,000 to $79,999	3,300
$80,000 to $89,999	3,015
$90,000 to $99,999	2,170
$100,000 and over	6,515
$100,000 to $124,999	2,765
$125,000 and over	3,750
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	92,370
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,510
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,575
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,405
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,090
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,495
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,925
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	92,400
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,540
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,615
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,455
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,105
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,485
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,180
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	92,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,470
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,420
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	90.8
Employment income (%)	71.0
Government transfers (%)	9.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	51,040
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,700
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,340
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	51,015
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,700
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,665
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,250
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,360
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,355
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,700
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	51,040
Under $5,000	1,270
$5,000 to $9,999	565
$10,000 to $14,999	1,405
$15,000 to $19,999	1,175
$20,000 to $24,999	2,695
$25,000 to $29,999	2,180
$30,000 to $34,999	2,145
$35,000 to $39,999	2,145
$40,000 to $44,999	2,145
$45,000 to $49,999	2,130
$50,000 to $59,999	4,200
$60,000 to $69,999	3,735
$70,000 to $79,999	3,475
$80,000 to $89,999	3,025
$90,000 to $99,999	2,695
$100,000 and over	16,040
$100,000 to $124,999	4,930
$125,000 to $149,999	3,315
$150,000 to $199,999	3,870
$200,000 and over	3,930
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	51,040
Under $5,000	1,405
$5,000 to $9,999	580
$10,000 to $14,999	1,425
$15,000 to $19,999	1,255
$20,000 to $24,999	2,975
$25,000 to $29,999	2,575
$30,000 to $34,999	2,590
$35,000 to $39,999	2,655
$40,000 to $44,999	2,560
$45,000 to $49,999	2,560
$50,000 to $59,999	4,910
$60,000 to $69,999	4,475
$70,000 to $79,999	3,705
$80,000 to $89,999	3,105
$90,000 to $99,999	2,570
$100,000 and over	11,695
$100,000 to $124,999	4,560
$125,000 to $149,999	2,830
$150,000 and over	4,305
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,900
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000
Average family size of economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,405
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,435
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,920
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	34,745
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	25,865
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,900
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,335
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	119,600
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,445
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,895
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,000
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	34,695
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	105,080
0 to 17 years	15,070
0 to 5 years	5,150
18 to 64 years	74,760
65 years and over	15,255
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	18,475
0 to 17 years	3,285
0 to 5 years	1,165
18 to 64 years	12,535
65 years and over	2,650
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.6
0 to 17 years (%)	21.8
0 to 5 years (%)	22.6
18 to 64 years (%)	16.8
65 years and over (%)	17.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	105,085
0 to 17 years	15,065
0 to 5 years	5,150
18 to 64 years	74,755
65 years and over	15,255
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,225
0 to 17 years	1,390
0 to 5 years	450
18 to 64 years	9,400
65 years and over	440
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.7
0 to 17 years (%)	9.2
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8
18 to 64 years (%)	12.6
65 years and over (%)	2.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	105,080
In bottom half of the distribution	62,655
In bottom decile	20,295
In second decile	13,255
In third decile	10,620
In fourth decile	9,580
In fifth decile	8,905
In top half of the distribution	42,425
In sixth decile	8,500
In seventh decile	8,085
In eighth decile	8,260
In ninth decile	7,870
In top decile	9,705
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	105,085
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.396
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.493
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.343
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.6
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	105,675
English only	89,210
French only	70
English and French	15,595
Neither English nor French	800
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	105,675
English	102,290
French	2,140
English and French	490
Neither English nor French	755
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	105,675
Single responses	101,875
Official languages	85,710
English	83,595
French	2,120
Non-official languages	16,160
Indigenous languages³⁹	20
Algonquian languages	20
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	15
Mi'kmaq	15
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,145
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,400
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	155
Bilen	0
Oromo	45
Somali	105
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	2,240
Amharic	70
Arabic	2,075
Aramaic languages	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10
Harari	0
Hebrew	30
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	50
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	270
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	260
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	705
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	45
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	20
Ilocano	15
Indonesian	15
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	565
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15
Creole languages	35
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	20
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	1,020
Kannada	45
Malayalam	440
Tamil	215
Telugu	320
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	7,030
Albanian	65
Armenian	10
Balto-Slavic languages	865
Baltic languages	20
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	840
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	10
Czech	65
Macedonian	5
Polish	200
Russian	300
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	170
Bosnian	40
Croatian	55
Serbian	55
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	615
Frisian	0
High German languages	375
German	350
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	120
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	90
Danish	20
Icelandic	10
Norwegian	20
Swedish	40
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	250
Indo-Iranian languages	3,880
Indo-Aryan languages	3,380
Assamese	0
Bengali	430
Gujarati	475
Hindi	770
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	50
Nepali	130
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,170
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70
Urdu	255
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10
Iranian languages	495
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	45
Parsi	0
Pashto	20
Persian languages	435
Dari	45
Iranian Persian	350
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,335
Catalan	5
Italian	180
Portuguese	330
Romanian	90
Spanish	730
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	140
Korean	705
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	340
Akan (Twi)	15
Bamanankan	5
Edo	10
Éwé	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	30
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	5
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5
Shona	25
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	110
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	5
Yoruba	50
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	75
Dinka	25
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,100
Chinese languages	3,095
Hakka	0
Mandarin	2,630
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	305
Chinese, n.o.s.	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	10
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40
Lao	0
Thai	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	180
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	0
Turkish	135
Uyghur	10
Uzbek	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	75
Estonian	10
Finnish	20
Hungarian	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	3,800
English and French	935
English and non-official language(s)	2,455
French and non-official language(s)	90
English, French and non-official language(s)	85
Multiple non-official languages	225
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	105,675
English	85,160
French	370
Non-official language	4,580
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	4,580
English and French	2,220
English and non-official language(s)	12,315
French and non-official language(s)	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	605
Multiple non-official languages	370
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	105,675
Single responses	102,435
Official languages	92,775
English	92,095
French	675
Non-official languages	9,665
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5
Mi'kmaq	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,530
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	125
Bilen	0
Oromo	25
Somali	95
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,405
Amharic	45
Arabic	1,290
Aramaic languages	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	20
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	180
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	410
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	30
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	20
Ilocano	15
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	335
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	645
Kannada	15
Malayalam	330
Tamil	135
Telugu	165
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	3,685
Albanian	30
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	325
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	325
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	30
Macedonian	0
Polish	45
Russian	160
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	75
Bosnian	15
Croatian	25
Serbian	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	120
Frisian	0
High German languages	80
German	75
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	15
Danish	5
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	105
Indo-Iranian languages	2,485
Indo-Aryan languages	2,170
Assamese	0
Bengali	235
Gujarati	250
Hindi	480
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	25
Nepali	100
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	875
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35
Urdu	160
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	315
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	30
Parsi	0
Pashto	5
Persian languages	275
Dari	30
Iranian Persian	215
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	615
Catalan	0
Italian	45
Portuguese	205
Romanian	40
Spanish	325
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	35
Korean	550
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	150
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	5
Edo	0
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	10
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	60
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	40
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	55
Dinka	20
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	40
American Sign Language	35
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,220
Chinese languages	2,220
Hakka	0
Mandarin	1,995
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	10
Yue (Cantonese)	140
Chinese, n.o.s.	70
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	0
Thai	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	85
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	55
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	15
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	3,240
English and French	350
English and non-official language(s)	2,770
French and non-official language(s)	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	55
Multiple non-official languages	40
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	105,675
None	92,685
English	4,215
French	1,735
Non-official language	5,155
Indigenous³⁹	30
Non-Indigenous	5,125
English and French	70
English and non-official language(s)	725
French and non-official language(s)	305
English, French and non-official language(s)	25
Multiple non-official languages	755
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	105,060
Official languages	104,235
English	104,165
French	15,580
Non-official languages	24,115
Indigenous languages³⁹	125
Algonquian languages	105
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	15
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	80
Mi'kmaq	80
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	20
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	23,990
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,720
Berber languages	25
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	130
Bilen	0
Oromo	80
Somali	60
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	3,615
Amharic	95
Arabic	3,415
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	85
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	390
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	380
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,095
Bikol	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45
Cebuano	65
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	55
Indonesian	40
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	955
Waray-Waray	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35
Creole languages	175
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	15
Krio	0
Morisyen	75
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	45
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45
Dravidian languages	1,450
Kannada	155
Malayalam	615
Tamil	450
Telugu	450
Tulu	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	11,855
Albanian	70
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	1,170
Baltic languages	40
Latvian	35
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	1,135
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	30
Czech	100
Macedonian	15
Polish	235
Russian	475
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	255
Bosnian	90
Croatian	100
Serbian	125
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	45
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	100
Irish	35
Scottish Gaelic	40
Welsh	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10
Germanic languages	1,535
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,130
German	1,110
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	285
Afrikaans	45
Dutch	245
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	190
Danish	65
Icelandic	15
Norwegian	75
Swedish	55
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	350
Indo-Iranian languages	5,640
Indo-Aryan languages	5,025
Assamese	0
Bengali	545
Gujarati	565
Hindi	3,490
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	20
Marathi	135
Nepali	190
Oriya languages	15
Odia	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,875
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	130
Urdu	500
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35
Iranian languages	640
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	105
Parsi	0
Pashto	20
Persian languages	535
Dari	40
Iranian Persian	455
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Italic (Romance) languages	3,410
Catalan	10
Italian	495
Portuguese	500
Romanian	90
Spanish	2,595
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25
Japanese	435
Korean	860
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,060
Akan (Twi)	70
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	15
Ganda	60
Gikuyu	10
Igbo	125
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55
Lingala	40
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35
Shona	50
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10
Swahili	305
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	35
Yoruba	300
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	115
Nilo-Saharan languages	210
Dinka	110
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	100
African, n.o.s.	10
Sign languages	200
American Sign Language	180
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,480
Chinese languages	3,465
Hakka	15
Mandarin	3,070
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45
Wu (Shanghainese)	25
Yue (Cantonese)	460
Chinese, n.o.s.	105
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	15
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40
Lao	0
Thai	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	425
Azerbaijani	20
Kazakh	0
Turkish	295
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	70
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35
Uralic languages	115
Estonian	10
Finnish	40
Hungarian	65
Other languages, n.i.e.	45
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	105,060
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,340
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,130
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,860
Métis	1,135
Inuk (Inuit)	140
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	100
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105
Non-Indigenous identity	101,725
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	105,060
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	780
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	104,280
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	51,015
Owner	19,800
Renter	31,220
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	51,015
Condominium	5,275
Not condominium	45,740
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	51,015
No bedrooms	980
1 bedroom	14,550
2 bedrooms	15,885
3 bedrooms	12,345
4 or more bedrooms	7,260
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	51,015
1 to 4 rooms	25,005
5 rooms	7,085
6 rooms	5,860
7 rooms	4,590
8 or more rooms	8,480
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.1
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	51,015
One person or fewer per room	49,930
More than one person per room	1,090
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	51,015
Suitable	47,730
Not suitable	3,285
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	51,015
1960 or before	16,785
1961 to 1980	13,485
1981 to 1990	4,820
1991 to 2000	4,550
2001 to 2005	2,495
2006 to 2010	2,615
2011 to 2015	2,185
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,085
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	51,015
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,930
Major repairs needed	4,080
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	51,015
One-maintainer household	27,825
Two-maintainer household	20,375
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,815
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	51,015
15 to 24 years	5,355
25 to 34 years	12,850
35 to 44 years	7,985
45 to 54 years	6,565
55 to 64 years	7,475
65 to 74 years	6,550
75 to 84 years	3,045
85 years and over	1,185
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	50,990
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,130
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	15,860
30% to less than 100%	13,170
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	51,020
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	20,620
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	13,550
Not suitable only	2,100
Major repairs needed only	2,430
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	880
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,360
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	235
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65
Acceptable housing	30,395
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,295
In core need	7,570
Not in core need	40,725
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,800
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.8
% in core housing need⁶³	5.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,570
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	531,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,215
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.2
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	41.4
% in core housing need⁶³	22.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,282
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	105,060
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,030
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	985
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	730
Métis single ancestry	190
Inuit single ancestry	55
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,515
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,445
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,605
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	740
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	65
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	100,520
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	105,060
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	89,385
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,220
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,165
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	15,675
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	105,060
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	81,410
Immigrants⁸¹	14,820
Before 1980	2,275
1980 to 1990	1,105
1991 to 2000	1,380
2001 to 2010	2,555
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,510
2011 to 2015	1,790
2016 to 2021	5,715
Non-permanent residents⁸³	8,830
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,820
Under 5 years	1,615
5 to 14 years	2,510
15 to 24 years	2,215
25 to 44 years	7,390
45 years and over	1,095
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,820
Americas	2,280
Brazil	130
Colombia	55
El Salvador	15
Guyana	95
Haiti	0
Jamaica	105
Mexico	105
Peru	10
Trinidad and Tobago	100
United States of America	1,295
Other places of birth in Americas	365
Europe	3,175
Bosnia and Herzegovina	85
Croatia	55
France	115
Germany	225
Greece	95
Hungary	45
Italy	65
Netherlands	115
Poland	175
Portugal	40
Romania	70
Russian Federation	135
Serbia⁸⁶	55
Ukraine	40
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,395
Other places of birth in Europe	480
Africa	1,965
Algeria	40
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	145
Egypt	150
Eritrea	45
Ethiopia	115
Morocco	45
Nigeria	360
Somalia	35
South Africa, Republic of	110
Other places of birth in Africa	910
Asia	7,270
Afghanistan	50
Iran⁸⁸	295
Iraq	80
Lebanon	435
Syria⁸⁹	760
Turkey	70
China⁹⁰	1,130
Hong Kong⁹¹	80
Korea, South⁹²	370
Taiwan	80
Philippines	875
Viet Nam	215
Bangladesh	170
India	1,505
Pakistan	190
Sri Lanka	105
Other places of birth in Asia	865
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	130
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,715
Americas	470
Brazil	110
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	25
Mexico	25
United States of America	155
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other places of birth in Americas	130
Europe	415
France	45
Germany	30
Ireland⁹⁶	35
Italy	0
Russian Federation	20
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	135
Other places of birth in Europe	130
Africa	1,085
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	120
Côte d'Ivoire	15
Egypt	45
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	55
Morocco	35
Nigeria	290
Somalia	20
South Africa, Republic of	30
Sudan⁹⁷	120
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	330
Asia	3,730
Afghanistan	10
Bangladesh	105
China⁹⁰	630
Hong Kong⁹¹	10
India	1,125
Iran⁸⁸	85
Iraq	10
Israel	0
Japan	15
Jordan	70
Korea, South⁹²	165
Lebanon	50
Nepal	15
Pakistan	95
Philippines	390
Saudi Arabia	35
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	690
Turkey	40
United Arab Emirates	25
Viet Nam	85
Other places of birth in Asia	70
Oceania and other⁹³	10
Australia	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	105,060
First generation¹⁰⁰	25,350
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,330
Third generation or more¹⁰²	67,380
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	12,545
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,755
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,520
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,235
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,300
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,380
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	110
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	12,545
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	240
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,740
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	650
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,510
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,355
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	105,060
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	24,740
South Asian	6,640
Chinese	3,850
Black	5,860
Filipino	1,160
Arab	2,935
Latin American	820
Southeast Asian	710
West Asian	615
Korean	830
Japanese	350
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	220
Multiple visible minorities	755
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	80,320
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	105,060
Canadian	11,175
English	22,505
Irish	22,825
Scottish	25,225
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,175
German	9,425
Chinese	3,785
Italian	2,650
Indian (India)	4,530
Ukrainian	1,595
Dutch	2,945
Polish	1,810
Québécois	280
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,105
Filipino	960
French Canadian	870
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	5,170
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	950
Métis	1,025
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	4,595
Russian	830
Norwegian	790
Welsh	2,350
Portuguese	480
American	1,060
Spanish	690
Swedish	580
Hungarian	535
Acadian	4,130
Pakistani	245
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,465
Jewish	980
Punjabi	385
Vietnamese	420
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	965
Greek	785
Jamaican	300
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	715
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	135
Korean	760
Romanian	245
Lebanese	1,660
Iranian	390
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	305
Danish	545
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	510
Sikh	295
Austrian	405
Belgian	285
Haitian	55
Hindu	560
Mexican	265
Mennonite	95
Swiss	375
Finnish	275
Sri Lankan	165
Croatian	225
Japanese	390
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	360
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,335
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	540
Muslim	200
Egyptian	335
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	265
Tamil	110
Icelandic	175
Colombian	140
Moroccan	90
Czech	300
Syrian	665
Guyanese	170
Afghan	95
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	905
Serbian	135
Ojibway	85
Newfoundlander	605
Hong Konger	105
Ontarian	160
Persian	120
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	175
Turkish	295
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	175
Bangladeshi	320
Algerian	25
Brazilian	185
Nigerian	300
Armenian	70
Slovak	80
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	285
Somali	95
Taiwanese	135
Iraqi	60
Salvadorean	40
African Caribbean	245
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	125
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	405
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	105
Algonquin	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	115
Lithuanian	150
South African	120
Australian	130
Palestinian	145
Chilean	55
Congolese	160
Nova Scotian	1,835
Ethiopian	105
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	70
Peruvian	25
Yoruba	255
Cambodian (Khmer)	20
Berber	40
Albanian	105
Maltese	75
Macedonian	50
Slovenian	60
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	335
New Brunswicker	205
Gujarati	140
Eritrean	60
African Canadian	765
Israeli	30
Mohawk	30
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35
Bulgarian	95
Albertan	35
Ghanaian	70
Barbadian	130
African American	145
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55
Tunisian	10
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	80
Cuban	70
Bosnian	125
Venezuelan	65
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20
Latvian	120
Bengali	120
Cameroonian	30
Guatemalan	30
Indonesian	95
Laotian	0
Ilocano	20
Northern Irish	105
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	370
British Columbian	35
Ecuadorian	40
Franco Ontarian	30
Argentinian	15
Estonian	60
Kurdish	55
Fijian	0
Jatt	20
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70
Coptic	0
Thai	45
Dominican	40
Nepali	85
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	55
Byelorussian	40
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60
Abenaki	15
Moldovan	15
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35
New Zealander	30
Sudanese	65
Breton	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	10
Malaysian	70
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	20
Buddhist	25
Gaspesian	0
Norman	45
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	10
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	20
Mauritian	55
Kenyan	135
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	10
Jordanian	50
Manitoban	25
Cape Bretoner	385
Rwandan	55
Grenadian	0
Malayali	60
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	25
Mayan	25
Honduran	0
Cherokee	45
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	35
Indo-Caribbean	40
Flemish	40
United Empire Loyalist	60
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	15
Sicilian	10
Pashtun	0
Malay	25
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30
Tibetan	15
Zimbabwean	60
Burmese	20
Mongolian	65
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	15
Ugandan	55
Oromo	100
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	60
Central African	0
Libyan	190
Basque	20
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	80
Igorot	55
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	40
Prince Edward Islander	155
Maliseet	25
Beninese	0
Telugu	20
Roma	25
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	595
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	15
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	20
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	105,060
Buddhist	795
Christian	45,150
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,475
Anabaptist	35
Anglican	5,820
Baptist	2,470
Catholic	20,630
Christian Orthodox	1,185
Jehovah's Witness	210
Latter Day Saints	75
Lutheran	325
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	310
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	720
Presbyterian	885
Reformed	95
United Church	5,095
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,820
Hindu	3,185
Jewish	685
Muslim	4,300
Sikh	1,240
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	40
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,180
No religion and secular perspectives	48,495
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	104,145
Non-movers	80,485
Movers	23,665
Non-migrants	15,545
Migrants	8,115
Internal migrants	6,340
Intraprovincial migrants	1,495
Interprovincial migrants	4,850
External migrants	1,775
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	100,730
Non-movers	44,615
Movers	56,125
Non-migrants	27,380
Migrants	28,745
Internal migrants	17,390
Intraprovincial migrants	4,685
Interprovincial migrants	12,700
External migrants	11,360
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,400
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,840
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	82,555
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,560
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,980
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,580
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,400
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,940
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,715
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	62,740
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,495
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,830
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,130
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,695
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,280
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,385
Bachelor's degree or higher	43,245
Bachelor's degree	26,360
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,225
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,550
Master's degree	10,765
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,340
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,560
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,480
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,980
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,140
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,575
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,390
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,300
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,260
Bachelor's degree or higher	32,835
Bachelor's degree	19,400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,735
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,255
Master's degree	8,715
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,730
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	92,400
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,655
Education	3,225
13. Education	3,225
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,085
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	310
50. Visual and performing arts	2,775
Humanities	4,420
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	265
23. English language and literature/letters	1,410
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	830
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115
38. Philosophy and religious studies	420
39. Theology and religious vocations	240
54. History	915
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	225
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,130
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	170
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,200
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	965
22. Legal professions and studies	1,395
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	305
42. Psychology	1,885
45. Social sciences	3,220
Business, management and public administration	13,355
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,100
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,235
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,440
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,450
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	680
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60
40. Physical sciences	1,220
41. Science technologies/technicians	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,985
25. Library science	370
27. Mathematics and statistics	435
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	95
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,820
04. Architecture and related services	575
14. Engineering	3,755
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,665
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,355
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	950
48. Precision production	515
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	915
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	345
03. Natural resources and conservation	570
Health and related fields	9,015
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	840
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,455
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	670
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,415
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,580
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45
43. Security and protective services	290
49. Transportation and materials moving	450
Other¹⁷⁹	25
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,560
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,585
Education	2,030
13. Education	2,030
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,490
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	285
50. Visual and performing arts	2,205
Humanities	3,240
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	175
23. English language and literature/letters	1,070
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	590
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	90
38. Philosophy and religious studies	325
39. Theology and religious vocations	165
54. History	670
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	160
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,940
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,005
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	710
22. Legal professions and studies	1,075
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	240
42. Psychology	1,400
45. Social sciences	2,375
Business, management and public administration	9,700
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	775
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,920
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,080
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,645
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	460
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55
40. Physical sciences	895
41. Science technologies/technicians	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,920
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,290
25. Library science	265
27. Mathematics and statistics	290
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,375
04. Architecture and related services	465
14. Engineering	2,650
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,195
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,000
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	680
48. Precision production	390
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	765
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	275
03. Natural resources and conservation	490
Health and related fields	6,715
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	560
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,590
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	45
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	515
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,700
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,140
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25
43. Security and protective services	210
49. Transportation and materials moving	295
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,560
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,585
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	45,980
Location of study inside Canada	38,725
Same as province or territory of residence	27,820
Different than province or territory of residence	10,905
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,250
Americas	1,720
United States of America	1,230
Mexico	105
Cuba	15
Haiti	0
Jamaica	50
Brazil	155
Colombia	45
Peru	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	15
Other locations of study in Americas	95
Europe	1,570
Belgium	25
France	85
Germany	80
Netherlands	40
Switzerland	25
Hungary	15
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	25
Romania	15
Russian Federation	90
Ukraine	30
Ireland⁹⁶	65
United Kingdom⁸⁷	870
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10
Italy	30
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	160
Africa	485
Nigeria	145
Algeria	0
Morocco	10
Tunisia	0
Egypt	80
South Africa, Republic of	70
Other locations of study in Africa	175
Asia	3,300
Iran⁸⁸	145
Iraq	0
Israel	10
Lebanon	95
Syria⁸⁹	80
Turkey	60
China⁹⁰	400
Taiwan	35
Hong Kong⁹¹	20
Japan	55
Korea, South⁹²	265
Philippines	485
Viet Nam	70
Bangladesh	80
Sri Lanka	45
India	1,280
Pakistan	75
Other locations of study in Asia	105
Oceania	170
Australia	135
New Zealand	35
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	92,400
In the labour force	62,975
Employed	54,300
Unemployed	8,670
Not in the labour force	29,425
Participation rate	68.2
Employment rate	58.8
Unemployment rate	13.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	92,400
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,140
Worked	63,255
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,840
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,415
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,970
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,460
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,510
Employee	54,100
Permanent position	41,410
Temporary position	12,690
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,105
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,580
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,410
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,970
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,460
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,510
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	985
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,890
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,400
3 Health occupations	6,400
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,465
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,445
6 Sales and service occupations	15,635
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,905
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	620
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	765
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,970
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,460
All industries¹⁹¹	61,510
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	375
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	155
22 Utilities	475
23 Construction	2,815
31-33 Manufacturing	1,855
41 Wholesale trade	1,040
44-45 Retail trade	5,715
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,795
51 Information and cultural industries	2,090
52 Finance and insurance	3,270
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,125
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,325
55 Management of companies and enterprises	115
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,020
61 Educational services	6,595
62 Health care and social assistance	9,325
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,705
72 Accommodation and food services	4,855
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,160
91 Public administration	5,690
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,990
English	64,365
French	190
Non-official language	235
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	235
English and French	1,965
English and non-official language(s)	1,140
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,990
Single responses	67,600
Official languages	67,155
English	66,745
French	410
Non-official languages	450
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	450
Afro-Asiatic languages	40
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	40
Amharic	0
Arabic	40
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	15
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	125
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	10
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	10
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	15
Frisian	0
High German languages	10
German	10
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	50
Indo-Aryan languages	50
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	20
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	25
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	25
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185
Chinese languages	185
Hakka	0
Mandarin	170
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	390
English and French	200
English and non-official language(s)	185
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,990
None	65,155
English	425
French	1,560
Non-official language	710
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	695
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	75
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	60
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	54,300
Worked at home	18,380
Worked outside Canada	135
No fixed workplace address	5,325
Usual place of work	30,460
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,460
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	29,615
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	565
Commute to a different province or territory	255
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	35,790
Car, truck or van	22,355
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,870
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,490
Public transit	4,485
Walked	7,160
Bicycle	785
Other method	1,000
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	35,790
Less than 15 minutes	12,830
15 to 29 minutes	15,540
30 to 44 minutes	4,900
45 to 59 minutes	1,140
60 minutes and over	1,375
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	35,790
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,240
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,820
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,850
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,050
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,195
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,630
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,355
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,495
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,860
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,750
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,050
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	585
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	465
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,700

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table