Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Madawaska--RestigoucheMore information: New Brunswick [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	60,184
Population, 2016¹	60,378
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.3
Total private dwellings²	29,575
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	27,626
Population density per square kilometre	5.2
Land area in square kilometres	11,681.73
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	60,185
0 to 14 years	7,220
0 to 4 years	2,130
5 to 9 years	2,315
10 to 14 years	2,775
15 to 64 years	36,330
15 to 19 years	2,730
20 to 24 years	2,575
25 to 29 years	2,710
30 to 34 years	2,860
35 to 39 years	3,090
40 to 44 years	3,215
45 to 49 years	3,525
50 to 54 years	4,025
55 to 59 years	5,590
60 to 64 years	6,010
65 years and over	16,635
65 to 69 years	5,345
70 to 74 years	4,505
75 to 79 years	2,940
80 to 84 years	1,890
85 years and over	1,960
85 to 89 years	1,185
90 to 94 years	560
95 to 99 years	180
100 years and over	30
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.0
15 to 64 years	60.4
65 years and over	27.6
85 years and over	3.3
Average age of the population	48.3
Median age of the population	52.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	27,625
Single-detached house	20,145
Semi-detached house	720
Row house	840
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,200
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,675
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130
Other single-attached house	205
Movable dwelling⁴	715
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	27,625
1 person	9,505
2 persons	11,060
3 persons	3,620
4 persons	2,520
5 or more persons	920
Number of persons in private households	57,580
Average household size	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	52,965
Married or living common-law	29,955
Married	20,730
Living common-law	9,225
Living common law - Never married	6,990
Living common law - Separated	515
Living common law - Divorced	1,425
Living common law - Widowed	300
Not married and not living common-law	23,010
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,700
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,910
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,930
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,470
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	17,515
2 persons	11,135
3 persons	3,375
4 persons	2,330
5 or more persons	670
Average size of census families	2.6
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	17,520
Total couple families	14,670
Married couples	10,065
With children⁶	3,155
Without children	6,905
Common-law couples	4,605
With children⁶	2,225
Without children	2,390
Total one-parent families	2,845
in which the parent is a woman+	2,140
in which the parent is a man+	705
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	57,575
Total - Persons in census families	45,305
Married spouses or common-law partners	29,340
Parents in one-parent families	2,845
Children⁶	13,115
In a two-parent family	8,945
In a one-parent family	4,175
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,270
Living alone	9,505
Living with other relatives⁷	1,185
Living with non-relatives only	1,575
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	27,625
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,255
Couple-family households	13,880
With children⁶	5,085
Without children	8,790
One-parent-family households	2,380
Multigenerational households⁸	390
Multiple-census-family households⁹	70
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	525
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	880
One-person households	9,505
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	50,370
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,290
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,320
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,740
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,990
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	41,570
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,810
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,910
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	50,445
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,420
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,450
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	41,000
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,065
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	41,635
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,555
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,740
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	50,445
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,495
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,580
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,040
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	72.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	50,370
Without total income	1,075
With total income	49,295
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,605
$10,000 to $19,999	6,820
$20,000 to $29,999	9,780
$30,000 to $39,999	8,170
$40,000 to $49,999	7,065
$50,000 to $59,999	4,715
$60,000 to $69,999	2,810
$70,000 to $79,999	2,030
$80,000 to $89,999	1,540
$90,000 to $99,999	865
$100,000 and over	1,890
$100,000 to $149,999	1,420
$150,000 and over	470
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	50,370
Without after-tax income	1,055
With after-tax income	49,315
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,785
$10,000 to $19,999	7,145
$20,000 to $29,999	11,590
$30,000 to $39,999	9,985
$40,000 to $49,999	7,095
$50,000 to $59,999	4,025
$60,000 to $69,999	2,505
$70,000 to $79,999	1,420
$80,000 to $89,999	660
$90,000 to $99,999	365
$100,000 and over	740
$100,000 to $124,999	415
$125,000 and over	325
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	50,370
Without employment income	18,375
With employment income	31,995
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,225
$5,000 to $9,999	2,820
$10,000 to $19,999	4,690
$20,000 to $29,999	3,870
$30,000 to $39,999	4,070
$40,000 to $49,999	3,540
$50,000 to $59,999	2,380
$60,000 to $69,999	1,685
$70,000 to $79,999	1,465
$80,000 to $89,999	1,220
$90,000 to $99,999	695
$100,000 and over	1,335
$100,000 to $124,999	785
$125,000 and over	550
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	50,370
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,785
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,830
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,920
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	32,655
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,325
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,530
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,750
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	50,445
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,870
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,900
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	41,205
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	32,725
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,600
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,990
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,355
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,050
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	50,445
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,460
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	47,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,975
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	78.0
Employment income (%)	63.7
Government transfers (%)	22.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	27,625
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,505
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	18,115
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	27,625
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,450
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,470
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,240
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	18,150
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,400
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,200
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	27,625
Under $5,000	180
$5,000 to $9,999	390
$10,000 to $14,999	615
$15,000 to $19,999	555
$20,000 to $24,999	2,220
$25,000 to $29,999	1,260
$30,000 to $34,999	1,495
$35,000 to $39,999	1,755
$40,000 to $44,999	1,550
$45,000 to $49,999	1,355
$50,000 to $59,999	2,465
$60,000 to $69,999	2,150
$70,000 to $79,999	1,885
$80,000 to $89,999	1,640
$90,000 to $99,999	1,490
$100,000 and over	6,610
$100,000 to $124,999	2,590
$125,000 to $149,999	1,690
$150,000 to $199,999	1,530
$200,000 and over	800
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	27,625
Under $5,000	195
$5,000 to $9,999	395
$10,000 to $14,999	625
$15,000 to $19,999	585
$20,000 to $24,999	2,350
$25,000 to $29,999	1,560
$30,000 to $34,999	1,815
$35,000 to $39,999	1,930
$40,000 to $44,999	1,685
$45,000 to $49,999	1,545
$50,000 to $59,999	2,800
$60,000 to $69,999	2,395
$70,000 to $79,999	2,060
$80,000 to $89,999	1,755
$90,000 to $99,999	1,355
$100,000 and over	4,575
$100,000 to $124,999	2,290
$125,000 to $149,999	1,175
$150,000 and over	1,110
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,540
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,500
Average family size of economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,845
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,485
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,665
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,800
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,085
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,580
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,300
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,825
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,600
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,445
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,300
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,100
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,690
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,100
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,150
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,060
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	57,575
0 to 17 years	8,850
0 to 5 years	2,555
18 to 64 years	33,895
65 years and over	14,830
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,850
0 to 17 years	1,485
0 to 5 years	505
18 to 64 years	4,315
65 years and over	4,050
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.1
0 to 17 years (%)	16.8
0 to 5 years (%)	19.9
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7
65 years and over (%)	27.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	56,730
0 to 17 years	8,645
0 to 5 years	2,475
18 to 64 years	33,375
65 years and over	14,710
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,165
0 to 17 years	310
0 to 5 years	95
18 to 64 years	1,655
65 years and over	210
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.8
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0
65 years and over (%)	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	57,575
In bottom half of the distribution	37,575
In bottom decile	7,845
In second decile	8,760
In third decile	7,685
In fourth decile	6,795
In fifth decile	6,485
In top half of the distribution	20,005
In sixth decile	5,735
In seventh decile	5,080
In eighth decile	4,225
In ninth decile	3,205
In top decile	1,755
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	57,575
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.464
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.265
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	58,275
English only	7,050
French only	18,645
English and French	32,510
Neither English nor French	65
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	58,275
English	11,375
French	46,345
English and French	510
Neither English nor French	45
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	58,275
Single responses	56,725
Official languages	56,010
English	10,440
French	45,565
Non-official languages	720
Indigenous languages³⁹	25
Algonquian languages	20
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20
Mi'kmaq	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	700
Afro-Asiatic languages	140
Berber languages	15
Kabyle	10
Tamazight	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	125
Amharic	0
Arabic	120
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	60
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	10
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	35
Haitian Creole	20
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	10
Kannada	0
Malayalam	5
Tamil	5
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	340
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	85
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	85
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	0
Macedonian	5
Polish	5
Russian	40
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	35
Frisian	0
High German languages	15
German	15
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	105
Indo-Aryan languages	100
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	5
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	5
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110
Catalan	0
Italian	5
Portuguese	10
Romanian	40
Spanish	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	5
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	25
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	40
Chinese languages	40
Hakka	0
Mandarin	20
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	10
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,550
English and French	1,390
English and non-official language(s)	75
French and non-official language(s)	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	25
Multiple non-official languages	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	58,275
English	10,400
French	42,140
Non-official language	190
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	190
English and French	4,870
English and non-official language(s)	300
French and non-official language(s)	170
English, French and non-official language(s)	185
Multiple non-official languages	25
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	58,275
Single responses	56,900
Official languages	56,510
English	11,735
French	44,770
Non-official languages	395
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5
Mi'kmaq	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	385
Afro-Asiatic languages	65
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	65
Amharic	0
Arabic	65
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	30
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	5
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	15
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	10
Kannada	0
Malayalam	5
Tamil	5
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	205
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	65
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	5
Russian	30
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	80
Indo-Aryan languages	80
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	10
Romanian	30
Spanish	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	5
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	30
Chinese languages	30
Hakka	0
Mandarin	10
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,375
English and French	1,230
English and non-official language(s)	85
French and non-official language(s)	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	58,275
None	54,045
English	2,580
French	1,225
Non-official language	265
Indigenous³⁹	30
Non-Indigenous	230
English and French	35
English and non-official language(s)	65
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	20
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	57,580
Official languages	57,550
English	38,930
French	50,745
Non-official languages	1,780
Indigenous languages³⁹	110
Algonquian languages	105
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	100
Mi'kmaq	95
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,675
Afro-Asiatic languages	305
Berber languages	30
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	290
Amharic	0
Arabic	280
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	100
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	30
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	115
Haitian Creole	70
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	20
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	20
Kannada	15
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	980
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	140
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	140
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	10
Macedonian	10
Polish	20
Russian	65
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	30
Bosnian	0
Croatian	20
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	45
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	85
Frisian	0
High German languages	65
German	65
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	15
Indo-Iranian languages	130
Indo-Aryan languages	110
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	50
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	15
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	665
Catalan	0
Italian	60
Portuguese	35
Romanian	55
Spanish	550
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	10
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	120
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	25
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	30
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	10
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	50
American Sign Language	30
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	25
Chinese languages	25
Hakka	0
Mandarin	15
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	20
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	57,575
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,470
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,305
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,685
Métis	1,555
Inuk (Inuit)	65
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	125
Non-Indigenous identity	54,105
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	57,575
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,470
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	56,105
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	27,625
Owner	20,525
Renter	6,915
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	185
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	27,625
Condominium	1,550
Not condominium	26,075
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	27,625
No bedrooms	60
1 bedroom	3,155
2 bedrooms	8,530
3 bedrooms	10,215
4 or more bedrooms	5,660
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	27,625
1 to 4 rooms	6,680
5 rooms	5,485
6 rooms	5,000
7 rooms	3,680
8 or more rooms	6,780
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	27,625
One person or fewer per room	27,555
More than one person per room	75
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	27,625
Suitable	27,175
Not suitable	455
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	27,625
1960 or before	8,120
1961 to 1980	9,020
1981 to 1990	4,300
1991 to 2000	3,000
2001 to 2005	1,025
2006 to 2010	825
2011 to 2015	635
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	700
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	27,625
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	25,540
Major repairs needed	2,085
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	27,625
One-maintainer household	15,960
Two-maintainer household	11,125
Three-or-more-maintainer household	545
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	27,625
15 to 24 years	580
25 to 34 years	2,745
35 to 44 years	3,595
45 to 54 years	4,070
55 to 64 years	6,725
65 to 74 years	6,065
75 to 84 years	3,010
85 years and over	830
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	27,125
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	23,980
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,145
30% to less than 100%	2,890
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	27,625
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,385
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,890
Not suitable only	400
Major repairs needed only	1,795
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	245
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	22,240
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	26,870
In core need	1,200
Not in core need	25,665
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,320
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.4
% in core housing need⁶³	2.7
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	640
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	789
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	125,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	146,200
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,860
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.9
% in core housing need⁶³	9.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	608
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	640
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	185
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	208
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	212
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	57,575
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,180
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,130
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,550
Métis single ancestry	550
Inuit single ancestry	35
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,205
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,165
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,460
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	700
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	53,190
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	57,575
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	56,330
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,535
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	47,795
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,245
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	57,575
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	55,390
Immigrants⁸¹	1,625
Before 1980	665
1980 to 1990	90
1991 to 2000	140
2001 to 2010	195
2011 to 2021⁸²	530
2011 to 2015	120
2016 to 2021	410
Non-permanent residents⁸³	555
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,625
Under 5 years	330
5 to 14 years	265
15 to 24 years	360
25 to 44 years	550
45 years and over	120
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,625
Americas	860
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
El Salvador	0
Guyana	0
Haiti	45
Jamaica	10
Mexico	0
Peru	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	740
Other places of birth in Americas	40
Europe	335
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	0
France	85
Germany	10
Greece	0
Hungary	0
Italy	0
Netherlands	0
Poland	0
Portugal	0
Romania	40
Russian Federation	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	85
Other places of birth in Europe	75
Africa	240
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35
Egypt	20
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	85
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other places of birth in Africa	105
Asia	175
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Lebanon	20
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Taiwan	0
Philippines	30
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
India	70
Pakistan	0
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	410
Americas	90
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	20
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	70
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	95
France	25
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0
Other places of birth in Europe	65
Africa	135
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	40
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	25
Other places of birth in Africa	35
Asia	85
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	60
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	15
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	57,575
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,750
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,115
Third generation or more¹⁰²	52,715
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	955
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	400
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	185
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	215
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	515
Refugees¹⁰⁸	25
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	955
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	175
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	25
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	50
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	670
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	57,575
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,315
South Asian	150
Chinese	65
Black	600
Filipino	70
Arab	205
Latin American	70
Southeast Asian	30
West Asian	10
Korean	0
Japanese	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35
Multiple visible minorities	80
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	56,260
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	57,580
Canadian	21,460
English	2,325
Irish	3,870
Scottish	2,695
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,505
German	460
Chinese	55
Italian	390
Indian (India)	190
Ukrainian	120
Dutch	260
Polish	90
Québécois	1,370
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	230
Filipino	65
French Canadian	4,500
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,345
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,210
Métis	1,330
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	505
Russian	60
Norwegian	85
Welsh	160
Portuguese	60
American	755
Spanish	135
Swedish	65
Hungarian	45
Acadian	9,840
Pakistani	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	120
Jewish	25
Punjabi	10
Vietnamese	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	75
Greek	15
Jamaican	10
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50
Korean	0
Romanian	45
Lebanese	110
Iranian	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	350
Danish	40
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	480
Sikh	0
Austrian	15
Belgian	50
Haitian	75
Hindu	25
Mexican	70
Mennonite	0
Swiss	45
Finnish	20
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	0
Japanese	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	935
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30
Muslim	0
Egyptian	35
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15
Tamil	15
Icelandic	0
Colombian	0
Moroccan	115
Czech	10
Syrian	0
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50
Serbian	35
Ojibway	20
Newfoundlander	30
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	45
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0
Turkish	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	40
Brazilian	0
Nigerian	0
Armenian	0
Slovak	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25
Algonquin	25
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	15
South African	0
Australian	15
Palestinian	0
Chilean	0
Congolese	30
Nova Scotian	45
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	0
Macedonian	15
Slovenian	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25
New Brunswicker	2,335
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0
Bulgarian	20
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	25
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	35
Latvian	0
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	130
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	0
Laotian	15
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	0
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	110
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	0
Breton	35
Pennsylvania Dutch	10
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	20
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	125
Norman	40
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	25
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	15
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	20
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	25
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	50
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	70
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	260
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	10
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	30
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	57,575
Buddhist	25
Christian	48,580
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,195
Anabaptist	0
Anglican	480
Baptist	355
Catholic	43,075
Christian Orthodox	125
Jehovah's Witness	210
Latter Day Saints	0
Lutheran	20
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	470
Presbyterian	175
Reformed	0
United Church	995
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	465
Hindu	55
Jewish	35
Muslim	330
Sikh	60
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	125
Other religions and spiritual traditions	185
No religion and secular perspectives	8,175
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	57,160
Non-movers	52,755
Movers	4,405
Non-migrants	2,540
Migrants	1,870
Internal migrants	1,745
Intraprovincial migrants	1,195
Interprovincial migrants	545
External migrants	120
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	55,505
Non-movers	39,985
Movers	15,520
Non-migrants	5,400
Migrants	10,120
Internal migrants	9,270
Intraprovincial migrants	7,055
Interprovincial migrants	2,220
External migrants	855
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,445
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,040
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	36,405
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,440
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,280
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	25,160
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,445
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,875
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,610
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,960
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,490
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,515
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,275
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,240
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,080
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,470
Bachelor's degree	4,680
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	480
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245
Master's degree	915
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	155
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	30,435
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,755
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,295
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,390
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,535
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,510
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,200
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,305
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,380
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	645
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,855
Bachelor's degree	3,510
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	355
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	195
Master's degree	685
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	110
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,440
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,485
Education	1,825
13. Education	1,825
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	325
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40
50. Visual and performing arts	280
Humanities	385
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50
23. English language and literature/letters	35
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	50
54. History	45
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,735
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	805
22. Legal professions and studies	210
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20
42. Psychology	325
45. Social sciences	290
Business, management and public administration	4,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	450
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,040
Physical and life sciences and technologies	365
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15
40. Physical sciences	75
41. Science technologies/technicians	65
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	500
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	355
25. Library science	85
27. Mathematics and statistics	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,050
04. Architecture and related services	20
14. Engineering	425
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,200
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,650
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,735
48. Precision production	1,020
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	715
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	315
03. Natural resources and conservation	400
Health and related fields	5,215
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	245
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,835
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,335
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,290
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	515
49. Transportation and materials moving	520
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	30,440
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,050
Education	1,105
13. Education	1,105
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	255
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30
50. Visual and performing arts	230
Humanities	265
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45
23. English language and literature/letters	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	25
54. History	45
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,345
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	650
22. Legal professions and studies	160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10
42. Psychology	245
45. Social sciences	200
Business, management and public administration	3,340
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	360
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,975
Physical and life sciences and technologies	260
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	130
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15
40. Physical sciences	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	40
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	425
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	315
25. Library science	80
27. Mathematics and statistics	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,035
04. Architecture and related services	20
14. Engineering	310
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	835
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,060
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,105
48. Precision production	710
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	570
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	245
03. Natural resources and conservation	325
Health and related fields	3,965
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	190
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,670
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,810
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	960
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	425
49. Transportation and materials moving	415
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	30,440
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,050
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	17,390
Location of study inside Canada	16,625
Same as province or territory of residence	13,475
Different than province or territory of residence	3,150
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	765
Americas	260
United States of America	230
Mexico	10
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0
Europe	170
Belgium	15
France	50
Germany	0
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	0
Hungary	10
Moldova¹⁸³	10
Poland	0
Romania	10
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	25
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20
Africa	205
Nigeria	0
Algeria	15
Morocco	45
Tunisia	15
Egypt	10
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	120
Asia	115
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	0
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Philippines	50
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	45
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0
Oceania	10
Australia	10
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	50,445
In the labour force	27,805
Employed	24,670
Unemployed	3,130
Not in the labour force	22,640
Participation rate	55.1
Employment rate	48.9
Unemployment rate	11.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	50,440
Did not work¹⁸⁶	21,640
Worked	28,805
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	14,785
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	14,020
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	27,805
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	505
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	27,300
Employee	24,765
Permanent position	19,240
Temporary position	5,525
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,195
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,330
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,535
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	27,805
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	505
All occupations¹⁹¹	27,300
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	275
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,285
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,045
3 Health occupations	3,265
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,360
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	345
6 Sales and service occupations	7,420
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,840
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,190
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,275
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	27,805
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	505
All industries¹⁹¹	27,300
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,640
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100
22 Utilities	145
23 Construction	1,695
31-33 Manufacturing	3,560
41 Wholesale trade	430
44-45 Retail trade	3,515
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,050
51 Information and cultural industries	290
52 Finance and insurance	535
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	160
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	675
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	805
61 Educational services	1,890
62 Health care and social assistance	5,630
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	275
72 Accommodation and food services	1,660
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,325
91 Public administration	1,905
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	30,625
English	4,165
French	16,555
Non-official language	0
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	0
English and French	9,875
English and non-official language(s)	10
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	30,625
Single responses	28,025
Official languages	28,020
English	6,045
French	21,975
Non-official languages	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	0
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,610
English and French	2,600
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	30,625
None	23,325
English	5,405
French	1,870
Non-official language	15
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	0
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	15
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	24,670
Worked at home	2,095
Worked outside Canada	115
No fixed workplace address	3,425
Usual place of work	19,040
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	19,035
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,995
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,455
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,130
Commute to a different province or territory	465
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	22,465
Car, truck or van	21,100
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,610
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,490
Public transit	75
Walked	825
Bicycle	50
Other method	410
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	22,465
Less than 15 minutes	12,445
15 to 29 minutes	6,945
30 to 44 minutes	1,755
45 to 59 minutes	585
60 minutes and over	735
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	22,465
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,865
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,685
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,615
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,775
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,320
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,210
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,060
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,935
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,130
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,785
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,995
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5,290
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	705
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	795

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table