Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	LaSalle--Émard--VerdunMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	107,564
Population, 2016¹	106,761^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.8
Total private dwellings²	55,843
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	52,571
Population density per square kilometre	5,695.4
Land area in square kilometres	18.89
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	107,565
0 to 14 years	15,015
0 to 4 years	5,215
5 to 9 years	5,170
10 to 14 years	4,625
15 to 64 years	73,760
15 to 19 years	3,960
20 to 24 years	5,970
25 to 29 years	10,090
30 to 34 years	10,275
35 to 39 years	9,315
40 to 44 years	7,840
45 to 49 years	6,525
50 to 54 years	6,160
55 to 59 years	6,750
60 to 64 years	6,875
65 years and over	18,800
65 to 69 years	5,710
70 to 74 years	4,665
75 to 79 years	3,265
80 to 84 years	2,390
85 years and over	2,770
85 to 89 years	1,630
90 to 94 years	905
95 to 99 years	215
100 years and over	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.0
15 to 64 years	68.6
65 years and over	17.5
85 years and over	2.6
Average age of the population	41.6
Median age of the population	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	52,570
Single-detached house	2,210
Semi-detached house	1,295
Row house	1,235
Apartment or flat in a duplex	19,755
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25,320
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,605
Other single-attached house	120
Movable dwelling⁴	40
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	52,570
1 person	22,415
2 persons	17,065
3 persons	6,620
4 persons	4,525
5 or more persons	1,955
Number of persons in private households	105,120
Average household size	2.0
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,550
Married or living common-law	44,260
Married	25,225
Living common-law	19,030
Living common law - Never married	16,630
Living common law - Separated	155
Living common law - Divorced	2,055
Living common law - Widowed	190
Not married and not living common-law	48,295
Not married and not living common law - Never married	34,600
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,855
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,240
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,600
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,080
2 persons	15,635
3 persons	5,785
4 persons	4,165
5 or more persons	1,490
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,075
Total couple families	21,515
Married couples	12,000
With children⁶	6,135
Without children	5,865
Common-law couples	9,515
With children⁶	3,495
Without children	6,020
Total one-parent families	5,565
in which the parent is a woman+	4,370
in which the parent is a man+	1,190
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	105,115
Total - Persons in census families	73,205
Married spouses or common-law partners	43,030
Parents in one-parent families	5,560
Children⁶	24,615
In a two-parent family	16,620
In a one-parent family	7,990
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	31,915
Living alone	22,415
Living with other relatives⁷	2,675
Living with non-relatives only	6,825
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	52,570
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,080
Couple-family households	20,340
With children⁶	9,115
Without children	11,225
One-parent-family households	4,740
Multigenerational households⁸	575
Multiple-census-family households⁹	90
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,015
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,390
One-person households	22,415
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,115
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,525
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,550
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,200
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,600
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,125
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,175
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,410
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,490
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,505
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,245
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,675
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,100
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,285
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,940
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,355
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,145
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,170
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,300
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,110
Without total income	2,590
With total income	87,520
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,185
$10,000 to $19,999	10,525
$20,000 to $29,999	16,040
$30,000 to $39,999	12,310
$40,000 to $49,999	11,085
$50,000 to $59,999	8,580
$60,000 to $69,999	6,125
$70,000 to $79,999	4,575
$80,000 to $89,999	3,565
$90,000 to $99,999	2,370
$100,000 and over	6,165
$100,000 to $149,999	4,585
$150,000 and over	1,575
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,110
Without after-tax income	2,565
With after-tax income	87,550
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,460
$10,000 to $19,999	11,065
$20,000 to $29,999	18,875
$30,000 to $39,999	15,230
$40,000 to $49,999	12,745
$50,000 to $59,999	8,555
$60,000 to $69,999	5,575
$70,000 to $79,999	3,565
$80,000 to $89,999	2,060
$90,000 to $99,999	1,250
$100,000 and over	2,175
$100,000 to $124,999	1,310
$125,000 and over	865
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,110
Without employment income	25,510
With employment income	64,605
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,350
$5,000 to $9,999	5,555
$10,000 to $19,999	8,055
$20,000 to $29,999	6,615
$30,000 to $39,999	6,280
$40,000 to $49,999	6,585
$50,000 to $59,999	5,570
$60,000 to $69,999	4,355
$70,000 to $79,999	3,485
$80,000 to $89,999	2,880
$90,000 to $99,999	1,845
$100,000 and over	5,025
$100,000 to $124,999	2,675
$125,000 and over	2,345
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,115
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,760
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,780
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,980
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,995
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,740
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,155
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,145
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,945
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,975
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,420
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,140
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,560
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,195
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,145
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,970
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,545
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	85.6
Employment income (%)	74.8
Government transfers (%)	14.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	52,570
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	22,415
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,160
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,500
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	52,615
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,300
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,100
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	22,430
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,320
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,560
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,185
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,100
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	52,570
Under $5,000	670
$5,000 to $9,999	455
$10,000 to $14,999	940
$15,000 to $19,999	1,410
$20,000 to $24,999	3,460
$25,000 to $29,999	2,605
$30,000 to $34,999	2,455
$35,000 to $39,999	2,620
$40,000 to $44,999	2,630
$45,000 to $49,999	2,660
$50,000 to $59,999	4,905
$60,000 to $69,999	4,185
$70,000 to $79,999	3,650
$80,000 to $89,999	3,330
$90,000 to $99,999	2,760
$100,000 and over	13,825
$100,000 to $124,999	5,150
$125,000 to $149,999	3,175
$150,000 to $199,999	3,330
$200,000 and over	2,160
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	52,570
Under $5,000	735
$5,000 to $9,999	475
$10,000 to $14,999	940
$15,000 to $19,999	1,520
$20,000 to $24,999	3,795
$25,000 to $29,999	3,130
$30,000 to $34,999	3,105
$35,000 to $39,999	3,200
$40,000 to $44,999	3,335
$45,000 to $49,999	3,005
$50,000 to $59,999	5,525
$60,000 to $69,999	4,585
$70,000 to $79,999	3,960
$80,000 to $89,999	3,245
$90,000 to $99,999	2,610
$100,000 and over	9,400
$100,000 to $124,999	4,470
$125,000 to $149,999	2,415
$150,000 and over	2,525
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,565
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,420
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,665
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,390
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	29,240
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,555
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,800
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,445
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,700
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,705
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,305
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,200
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,950
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	29,275
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	105,120
0 to 17 years	17,285
0 to 5 years	6,320
18 to 64 years	70,860
65 years and over	16,975
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,625
0 to 17 years	2,515
0 to 5 years	850
18 to 64 years	9,855
65 years and over	4,255
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.8
0 to 17 years (%)	14.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.4
18 to 64 years (%)	13.9
65 years and over (%)	25.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	105,115
0 to 17 years	17,290
0 to 5 years	6,320
18 to 64 years	70,855
65 years and over	16,975
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10,755
0 to 17 years	1,315
0 to 5 years	425
18 to 64 years	7,690
65 years and over	1,750
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.2
0 to 17 years (%)	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	6.7
18 to 64 years (%)	10.9
65 years and over (%)	10.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	105,120
In bottom half of the distribution	65,965
In bottom decile	15,545
In second decile	13,770
In third decile	13,315
In fourth decile	11,910
In fifth decile	11,430
In top half of the distribution	39,155
In sixth decile	10,100
In seventh decile	9,080
In eighth decile	8,285
In ninth decile	6,855
In top decile	4,835
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	105,115
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.464
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	105,965
English only	13,085
French only	24,240
English and French	66,970
Neither English nor French	1,670
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	105,965
English	31,260
French	65,645
English and French	7,455
Neither English nor French	1,605
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	105,965
Single responses	99,620
Official languages	76,350
English	19,720
French	56,630
Non-official languages	23,270
Indigenous languages³⁹	35
Algonquian languages	25
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	25
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10
Innu (Montagnais)	5
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	5
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	5
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	23,235
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,370
Berber languages	310
Kabyle	285
Tamazight	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	20
Hausa	5
Mina	15
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	50
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	50
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,990
Amharic	20
Arabic	1,920
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	20
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	565
Khmer (Cambodian)	70
Vietnamese	490
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	490
Bikol	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	20
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	20
Ilocano	25
Indonesian	35
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	5
Malagasy languages	50
Merina	35
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	290
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	295
Haitian Creole	140
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	75
Sango	10
Creole, n.o.s.	60
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	160
Kannada	15
Malayalam	15
Tamil	80
Telugu	50
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	20
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	14,320
Albanian	405
Armenian	50
Balto-Slavic languages	2,830
Baltic languages	75
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	65
Slavic languages	2,755
Belarusian	5
Bulgarian	350
Czech	45
Macedonian	5
Polish	560
Russian	1,310
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	135
Bosnian	15
Croatian	45
Serbian	65
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	315
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	265
Frisian	0
High German languages	200
German	180
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	15
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	315
Indo-Iranian languages	2,555
Indo-Aryan languages	2,135
Assamese	0
Bengali	845
Gujarati	60
Hindi	235
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	15
Nepali	15
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	835
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5
Urdu	95
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10
Iranian languages	415
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	25
Parsi	0
Pashto	15
Persian languages	370
Dari	15
Iranian Persian	315
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Italic (Romance) languages	7,890
Catalan	5
Italian	2,255
Portuguese	865
Romanian	565
Spanish	4,195
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	145
Korean	190
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	605
Akan (Twi)	20
Bamanankan	10
Edo	0
Éwé	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70
Lingala	75
Luba-Kasai	5
Mòoré	15
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	85
Shona	10
Soninke	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	75
Wojenaka	20
Wolof	55
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90
Nilo-Saharan languages	10
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,745
Chinese languages	3,740
Hakka	15
Mandarin	2,765
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65
Wu (Shanghainese)	35
Yue (Cantonese)	805
Chinese, n.o.s.	60
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5
Tai-Kadai languages	60
Lao	45
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	150
Azerbaijani	5
Kazakh	5
Turkish	120
Uyghur	15
Uzbek	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	100
Estonian	5
Finnish	5
Hungarian	90
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	6,340
English and French	3,105
English and non-official language(s)	1,175
French and non-official language(s)	1,350
English, French and non-official language(s)	520
Multiple non-official languages	190
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	105,965
English	19,895
French	50,075
Non-official language	7,655
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	7,645
English and French	11,830
English and non-official language(s)	5,005
French and non-official language(s)	4,965
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,040
Multiple non-official languages	500
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	105,965
Single responses	98,700
Official languages	85,470
English	26,900
French	58,575
Non-official languages	13,225
Indigenous languages³⁹	15
Algonquian languages	15
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5
Innu (Montagnais)	5
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,215
Afro-Asiatic languages	950
Berber languages	100
Kabyle	95
Tamazight	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	25
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	825
Amharic	5
Arabic	800
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	330
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	310
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	210
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	10
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	15
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	5
Malagasy languages	10
Merina	10
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	110
Haitian Creole	30
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	45
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	95
Kannada	5
Malayalam	5
Tamil	50
Telugu	30
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	8,035
Albanian	265
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	1,755
Baltic languages	30
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	25
Slavic languages	1,720
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	265
Czech	15
Macedonian	0
Polish	245
Russian	975
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	50
Bosnian	5
Croatian	10
Serbian	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	165
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	30
Frisian	0
High German languages	15
German	15
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	105
Indo-Iranian languages	1,760
Indo-Aryan languages	1,535
Assamese	0
Bengali	630
Gujarati	25
Hindi	160
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	655
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	55
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	220
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	0
Pashto	5
Persian languages	210
Dari	10
Iranian Persian	170
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,110
Catalan	0
Italian	750
Portuguese	510
Romanian	295
Spanish	2,540
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	55
Korean	110
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	140
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	5
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25
Lingala	15
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	20
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,005
Chinese languages	3,000
Hakka	0
Mandarin	2,300
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	35
Yue (Cantonese)	585
Chinese, n.o.s.	45
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	25
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	90
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	70
Uyghur	10
Uzbek	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	40
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	7,265
English and French	3,365
English and non-official language(s)	1,455
French and non-official language(s)	1,590
English, French and non-official language(s)	805
Multiple non-official languages	45
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	105,965
None	83,280
English	7,235
French	5,720
Non-official language	4,870
Indigenous³⁹	20
Non-Indigenous	4,850
English and French	1,305
English and non-official language(s)	1,540
French and non-official language(s)	1,385
English, French and non-official language(s)	165
Multiple non-official languages	460
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	105,125
Official languages	103,530
English	79,755
French	90,465
Non-official languages	35,380
Indigenous languages³⁹	115
Algonquian languages	70
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	45
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	25
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20
Innu (Montagnais)	10
Naskapi	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	20
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	30
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35,285
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,165
Berber languages	425
Kabyle	375
Tamazight	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25
Chadic languages	50
Hausa	15
Mina	35
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	115
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	115
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	3,855
Amharic	25
Arabic	3,690
Aramaic languages	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	130
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	780
Khmer (Cambodian)	120
Vietnamese	655
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	800
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	40
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	30
Ilocano	55
Indonesian	65
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	75
Merina	75
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	620
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15
Creole languages	975
Haitian Creole	525
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	280
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	160
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55
Dravidian languages	275
Kannada	40
Malayalam	40
Tamil	95
Telugu	125
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	22,755
Albanian	560
Armenian	95
Balto-Slavic languages	3,465
Baltic languages	105
Latvian	25
Lithuanian	80
Slavic languages	3,385
Belarusian	25
Bulgarian	475
Czech	80
Macedonian	10
Polish	650
Russian	2,010
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	170
Bosnian	35
Croatian	75
Serbian	65
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15
Slovak	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	15
Ukrainian	650
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	20
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10
Germanic languages	1,045
Frisian	0
High German languages	900
German	870
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	30
Yiddish	25
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	75
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	70
Danish	40
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	15
Swedish	40
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	545
Indo-Iranian languages	3,015
Indo-Aryan languages	2,565
Assamese	0
Bengali	955
Gujarati	90
Hindi	1,205
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	10
Konkani	25
Marathi	40
Nepali	10
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	980
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	155
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15
Iranian languages	455
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	25
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	405
Dari	25
Iranian Persian	340
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15,170
Catalan	20
Italian	4,195
Portuguese	1,330
Romanian	720
Spanish	10,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	345
Korean	215
Mongolian	35
Niger-Congo languages	1,385
Akan (Twi)	40
Bamanankan	65
Edo	0
Éwé	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	95
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	10
Igbo	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	130
Lingala	355
Luba-Kasai	40
Mòoré	25
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	105
Shona	30
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	230
Wojenaka	35
Wolof	180
Yoruba	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	275
Nilo-Saharan languages	25
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	120
American Sign Language	40
Quebec Sign Language	75
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,460
Chinese languages	4,445
Hakka	25
Mandarin	3,550
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	95
Wu (Shanghainese)	35
Yue (Cantonese)	1,220
Chinese, n.o.s.	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10
Tai-Kadai languages	105
Lao	95
Thai	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	260
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	10
Turkish	220
Uyghur	15
Uzbek	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	130
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	120
Other languages, n.i.e.	30
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	105,125
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,680
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,550
First Nations (North American Indian)	990
Métis	515
Inuk (Inuit)	50
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100
Non-Indigenous identity	103,445
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	105,125
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	495
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	104,630
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	52,615
Owner	17,910
Renter	34,700
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	52,615
Condominium	7,715
Not condominium	44,900
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	52,615
No bedrooms	445
1 bedroom	16,020
2 bedrooms	21,270
3 bedrooms	11,910
4 or more bedrooms	2,970
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	52,615
1 to 4 rooms	28,845
5 rooms	12,345
6 rooms	5,190
7 rooms	2,830
8 or more rooms	3,400
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.6
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	52,615
One person or fewer per room	51,720
More than one person per room	900
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	52,615
Suitable	49,420
Not suitable	3,195
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	52,615
1960 or before	27,215
1961 to 1980	13,445
1981 to 1990	4,925
1991 to 2000	2,675
2001 to 2005	1,040
2006 to 2010	1,210
2011 to 2015	1,010
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,100
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	52,615
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,720
Major repairs needed	4,890
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	52,615
One-maintainer household	31,250
Two-maintainer household	19,730
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,630
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	52,615
15 to 24 years	1,780
25 to 34 years	11,165
35 to 44 years	10,380
45 to 54 years	7,985
55 to 64 years	8,870
65 to 74 years	7,210
75 to 84 years	3,810
85 years and over	1,415
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	52,345
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	41,155
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,190
30% to less than 100%	10,160
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	52,615
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	17,300
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,640
Not suitable only	2,390
Major repairs needed only	3,315
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	380
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,155
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	400
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25
Acceptable housing	35,320
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,315
In core need	5,125
Not in core need	46,185
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,910
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.9
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.1
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,492
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	572,500
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,705
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.7
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.6
% in core housing need⁶³	13.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	902
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	105,125
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	955
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	950
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	830
Métis single ancestry	90
Inuit single ancestry	25
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,850
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,845
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,540
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	280
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	101,320
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	105,125
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	92,905
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,075
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,825
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	12,220
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	105,125
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	75,645
Immigrants⁸¹	24,080
Before 1980	3,535
1980 to 1990	1,725
1991 to 2000	4,065
2001 to 2010	6,595
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,160
2011 to 2015	3,840
2016 to 2021	4,320
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,405
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	24,080
Under 5 years	1,875
5 to 14 years	3,640
15 to 24 years	4,135
25 to 44 years	12,740
45 years and over	1,685
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	24,080
Americas	4,845
Brazil	340
Colombia	355
El Salvador	255
Guyana	120
Haiti	300
Jamaica	150
Mexico	555
Peru	325
Trinidad and Tobago	175
United States of America	440
Other places of birth in Americas	1,820
Europe	7,995
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55
Croatia	25
France	2,605
Germany	175
Greece	160
Hungary	75
Italy	1,245
Netherlands	25
Poland	305
Portugal	145
Romania	410
Russian Federation	395
Serbia⁸⁶	25
Ukraine	580
United Kingdom⁸⁷	305
Other places of birth in Europe	1,485
Africa	4,545
Algeria	990
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	335
Egypt	135
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	30
Morocco	750
Nigeria	55
Somalia	55
South Africa, Republic of	25
Other places of birth in Africa	2,160
Asia	6,635
Afghanistan	30
Iran⁸⁸	250
Iraq	25
Lebanon	255
Syria⁸⁹	100
Turkey	125
China⁹⁰	2,550
Hong Kong⁹¹	175
Korea, South⁹²	135
Taiwan	100
Philippines	615
Viet Nam	405
Bangladesh	535
India	440
Pakistan	60
Sri Lanka	45
Other places of birth in Asia	780
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,320
Americas	665
Brazil	140
Colombia	65
Haiti	35
Jamaica	0
Mexico	95
United States of America	60
Venezuela⁹⁵	75
Other places of birth in Americas	180
Europe	1,325
France	760
Germany	10
Ireland⁹⁶	10
Italy	25
Russian Federation	55
Ukraine	165
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15
Other places of birth in Europe	285
Africa	1,305
Algeria	210
Burundi	45
Cameroon	215
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	110
Côte d'Ivoire	100
Egypt	30
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	15
Morocco	140
Nigeria	10
Somalia	30
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	75
Other places of birth in Africa	345
Asia	1,005
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	75
China⁹⁰	360
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	175
Iran⁸⁸	25
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	15
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	20
Lebanon	10
Nepal	0
Pakistan	15
Philippines	85
Saudi Arabia	10
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	25
Turkey	20
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	20
Other places of birth in Asia	130
Oceania and other⁹³	25
Australia	20
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	105,125
First generation¹⁰⁰	30,395
Second generation¹⁰¹	17,550
Third generation or more¹⁰²	57,180
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	20,545
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	12,410
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	6,630
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,780
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,070
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,825
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	240
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	20,545
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,030
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,455
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	595
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,585
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	110
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	13,770
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	105,125
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	25,995
South Asian	3,155
Chinese	4,620
Black	7,095
Filipino	825
Arab	2,875
Latin American	4,150
Southeast Asian	1,205
West Asian	390
Korean	265
Japanese	165
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	420
Multiple visible minorities	830
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	79,130
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	105,125
Canadian	18,105
English	4,845
Irish	9,675
Scottish	5,235
French, n.o.s.¹²²	24,290
German	2,625
Chinese	4,805
Italian	7,750
Indian (India)	1,640
Ukrainian	1,675
Dutch	515
Polish	1,850
Québécois	9,125
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	985
Filipino	920
French Canadian	5,155
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,835
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,560
Métis	375
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,670
Russian	1,465
Norwegian	170
Welsh	360
Portuguese	990
American	835
Spanish	2,055
Swedish	225
Hungarian	440
Acadian	1,300
Pakistani	110
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,395
Jewish	680
Punjabi	315
Vietnamese	805
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,280
Greek	885
Jamaican	465
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	370
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	95
Korean	295
Romanian	795
Lebanese	690
Iranian	390
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	615
Danish	185
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	370
Sikh	140
Austrian	175
Belgian	765
Haitian	1,060
Hindu	195
Mexican	930
Mennonite	45
Swiss	420
Finnish	105
Sri Lankan	100
Croatian	110
Japanese	195
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	70
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	280
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	135
Muslim	320
Egyptian	380
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	720
Tamil	55
Icelandic	30
Colombian	665
Moroccan	950
Czech	195
Syrian	215
Guyanese	135
Afghan	75
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	355
Serbian	80
Ojibway	40
Newfoundlander	40
Hong Konger	30
Ontarian	75
Persian	135
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	200
Turkish	215
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60
Bangladeshi	655
Algerian	940
Brazilian	585
Nigerian	40
Armenian	230
Slovak	120
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120
Somali	105
Taiwanese	125
Iraqi	40
Salvadorean	500
African Caribbean	260
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	90
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	80
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	250
Algonquin	175
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	215
Lithuanian	255
South African	35
Australian	55
Palestinian	85
Chilean	365
Congolese	610
Nova Scotian	45
Ethiopian	55
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	195
Peruvian	410
Yoruba	80
Cambodian (Khmer)	200
Berber	570
Albanian	560
Maltese	30
Macedonian	15
Slovenian	85
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	150
New Brunswicker	105
Gujarati	55
Eritrean	15
African Canadian	85
Israeli	55
Mohawk	225
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20
Bulgarian	515
Albertan	20
Ghanaian	30
Barbadian	270
African American	120
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	80
Tunisian	345
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	80
Cuban	210
Bosnian	35
Venezuelan	220
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	130
Latvian	40
Bengali	280
Cameroonian	245
Guatemalan	140
Indonesian	90
Laotian	120
Ilocano	25
Northern Irish	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	40
Franco Ontarian	65
Argentinian	190
Estonian	25
Kurdish	60
Fijian	0
Jatt	55
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45
Coptic	0
Thai	30
Dominican	190
Nepali	15
Kabyle	180
Assyrian	0
Igbo	25
Byelorussian	125
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	175
Moldovan	240
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	175
New Zealander	40
Sudanese	0
Breton	265
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	25
Plains Cree	10
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	120
Huron (Wendat)	90
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	35
Gaspesian	110
Norman	135
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	135
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	130
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	70
Mauritian	125
Kenyan	10
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	195
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	10
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	120
Grenadian	60
Malayali	10
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	105
Honduran	90
Cherokee	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	20
Flemish	50
United Empire Loyalist	10
Senegalese	160
Azerbaijani	20
Sicilian	55
Pashtun	0
Malay	25
Goan	15
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	50
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	15
Burmese	0
Mongolian	60
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	15
Bamileke	135
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	15
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	20
Yemeni	40
Central African	35
Libyan	35
Basque	55
Uruguayan	70
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	35
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	75
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	125
St. Lucian	15
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	25
Beninese	35
Telugu	0
Roma	10
Costa Rican	25
African Nova Scotian	50
Malagasy	145
Kashmiri	10
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	105,125
Buddhist	1,075
Christian	54,865
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,590
Anabaptist	35
Anglican	1,175
Baptist	315
Catholic	41,990
Christian Orthodox	2,200
Jehovah's Witness	285
Latter Day Saints	100
Lutheran	120
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	540
Presbyterian	160
Reformed	20
United Church	375
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,915
Hindu	1,195
Jewish	490
Muslim	5,735
Sikh	745
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20
Other religions and spiritual traditions	770
No religion and secular perspectives	40,220
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	104,080
Non-movers	90,485
Movers	13,595
Non-migrants	10,530
Migrants	3,070
Internal migrants	1,860
Intraprovincial migrants	1,440
Interprovincial migrants	415
External migrants	1,210
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	99,970
Non-movers	55,820
Movers	44,145
Non-migrants	27,820
Migrants	16,330
Internal migrants	8,940
Intraprovincial migrants	7,235
Interprovincial migrants	1,705
External migrants	7,385
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,145
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,880
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,265
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,340
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,180
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	56,155
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,145
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,425
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,205
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,675
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,060
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,530
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,530
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,390
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,225
Bachelor's degree or higher	30,530
Bachelor's degree	17,830
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,930
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	360
Master's degree	8,260
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,150
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,340
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,305
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,840
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,070
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,910
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,015
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,890
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,660
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,500
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,765
Bachelor's degree	15,365
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,560
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	295
Master's degree	7,525
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,025
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,145
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,940
Education	3,010
13. Education	3,010
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,035
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	560
50. Visual and performing arts	3,480
Humanities	4,190
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	905
23. English language and literature/letters	455
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,480
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	275
39. Theology and religious vocations	110
54. History	375
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	560
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,140
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	175
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,400
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	955
22. Legal professions and studies	1,275
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	230
42. Psychology	1,190
45. Social sciences	2,925
Business, management and public administration	12,985
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	795
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,180
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,470
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,060
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	250
40. Physical sciences	775
41. Science technologies/technicians	75
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,445
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,850
25. Library science	210
27. Mathematics and statistics	315
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	65
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,685
04. Architecture and related services	595
14. Engineering	3,915
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,650
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,465
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,245
48. Precision production	810
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	735
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	445
03. Natural resources and conservation	290
Health and related fields	5,805
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	375
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,335
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,690
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,800
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	395
49. Transportation and materials moving	490
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	63,340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,505
Education	2,300
13. Education	2,300
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,375
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	485
50. Visual and performing arts	2,885
Humanities	3,170
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	765
23. English language and literature/letters	365
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	980
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	215
39. Theology and religious vocations	60
54. History	320
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	450
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,210
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	765
22. Legal professions and studies	1,125
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	210
42. Psychology	1,020
45. Social sciences	2,480
Business, management and public administration	10,830
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	685
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,140
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,890
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	930
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	105
40. Physical sciences	615
41. Science technologies/technicians	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,040
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,580
25. Library science	175
27. Mathematics and statistics	230
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,820
04. Architecture and related services	515
14. Engineering	3,495
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,215
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,105
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	875
48. Precision production	615
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	645
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	400
03. Natural resources and conservation	245
Health and related fields	4,600
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	320
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,210
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,180
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,475
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	305
49. Transportation and materials moving	395
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	63,340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	46,835
Location of study inside Canada	36,505
Same as province or territory of residence	34,710
Different than province or territory of residence	1,795
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	10,330
Americas	1,785
United States of America	410
Mexico	285
Cuba	80
Haiti	15
Jamaica	0
Brazil	330
Colombia	225
Peru	85
Venezuela⁹⁵	120
Other locations of study in Americas	235
Europe	4,425
Belgium	75
France	2,605
Germany	95
Netherlands	25
Switzerland	60
Hungary	10
Moldova¹⁸³	115
Poland	65
Romania	120
Russian Federation	155
Ukraine	280
Ireland⁹⁶	30
United Kingdom⁸⁷	200
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15
Italy	85
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	495
Africa	1,470
Nigeria	55
Algeria	465
Morocco	230
Tunisia	140
Egypt	40
South Africa, Republic of	15
Other locations of study in Africa	520
Asia	2,535
Iran⁸⁸	95
Iraq	15
Israel	15
Lebanon	55
Syria⁸⁹	15
Turkey	35
China⁹⁰	1,070
Taiwan	45
Hong Kong⁹¹	10
Japan	50
Korea, South⁹²	55
Philippines	255
Viet Nam	35
Bangladesh	185
Sri Lanka	10
India	420
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	160
Oceania	115
Australia	95
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,145
In the labour force	60,005
Employed	53,965
Unemployed	6,040
Not in the labour force	30,140
Participation rate	66.6
Employment rate	59.9
Unemployment rate	10.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,145
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,475
Worked	59,670
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	30,870
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,805
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	60,005
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,525
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	58,480
Employee	52,065
Permanent position	43,465
Temporary position	8,600
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,735
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,865
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,415
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	60,005
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,525
All occupations¹⁹¹	58,480
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	645
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,230
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,935
3 Health occupations	4,120
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,955
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,660
6 Sales and service occupations	14,235
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,610
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	305
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,790
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	60,005
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,525
All industries¹⁹¹	58,480
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	175
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65
22 Utilities	415
23 Construction	2,450
31-33 Manufacturing	3,640
41 Wholesale trade	1,785
44-45 Retail trade	6,040
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,300
51 Information and cultural industries	2,645
52 Finance and insurance	3,210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,060
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,720
55 Management of companies and enterprises	160
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,535
61 Educational services	5,600
62 Health care and social assistance	7,845
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,185
72 Accommodation and food services	3,440
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,415
91 Public administration	2,795
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,470
English	10,520
French	21,585
Non-official language	295
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	295
English and French	28,935
English and non-official language(s)	585
French and non-official language(s)	220
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,320
Multiple non-official languages	15
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,470
Single responses	56,355
Official languages	55,765
English	19,445
French	36,320
Non-official languages	595
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	595
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	15
Amharic	0
Arabic	15
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	240
Albanian	10
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	70
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	70
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	15
Russian	45
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25
Indo-Aryan languages	15
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	10
Romanian	0
Spanish	115
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	15
Korean	10
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305
Chinese languages	305
Hakka	0
Mandarin	210
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	100
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	7,110
English and French	6,770
English and non-official language(s)	155
French and non-official language(s)	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	135
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,470
None	39,090
English	14,355
French	8,355
Non-official language	760
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	750
English and French	75
English and non-official language(s)	405
French and non-official language(s)	335
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	75
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,965
Worked at home	17,915
Worked outside Canada	90
No fixed workplace address	4,470
Usual place of work	31,490
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,495
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,245
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,615
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,570
Commute to a different province or territory	60
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	35,960
Car, truck or van	19,565
Car, truck or van - as a driver	18,190
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,380
Public transit	11,600
Walked	3,140
Bicycle	1,010
Other method	645
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	35,960
Less than 15 minutes	6,925
15 to 29 minutes	12,230
30 to 44 minutes	10,025
45 to 59 minutes	3,655
60 minutes and over	3,125
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	35,960
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,410
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,555
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,605
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,800
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,080
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,510
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,560
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,970
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,585
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,945
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,545
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,790
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	755
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,400

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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