Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Lévis--LotbinièreMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	118,608
Population, 2016¹	113,528
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.5
Total private dwellings²	50,977
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,022
Population density per square kilometre	57.4
Land area in square kilometres	2,065.42
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	118,610
0 to 14 years	22,755
0 to 4 years	6,770
5 to 9 years	7,890
10 to 14 years	8,090
15 to 64 years	74,460
15 to 19 years	6,665
20 to 24 years	5,575
25 to 29 years	6,420
30 to 34 years	7,155
35 to 39 years	7,865
40 to 44 years	8,715
45 to 49 years	7,770
50 to 54 years	7,400
55 to 59 years	8,475
60 to 64 years	8,415
65 years and over	21,395
65 to 69 years	7,545
70 to 74 years	6,235
75 to 79 years	3,920
80 to 84 years	2,035
85 years and over	1,665
85 to 89 years	1,065
90 to 94 years	445
95 to 99 years	120
100 years and over	30
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2
15 to 64 years	62.8
65 years and over	18.0
85 years and over	1.4
Average age of the population	40.8
Median age of the population	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,025
Single-detached house	33,420
Semi-detached house	4,025
Row house	615
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,450
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,955
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	690
Other single-attached house	100
Movable dwelling⁴	760
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,020
1 person	13,250
2 persons	18,375
3 persons	6,770
4 persons	7,360
5 or more persons	3,270
Number of persons in private households	117,180
Average household size	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	95,855
Married or living common-law	62,285
Married	29,410
Living common-law	32,875
Living common law - Never married	28,060
Living common law - Separated	260
Living common law - Divorced	4,135
Living common law - Widowed	425
Not married and not living common-law	33,570
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,480
Not married and not living common law - Separated	915
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,680
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,495
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,985
2 persons	18,180
3 persons	6,550
4 persons	7,245
5 or more persons	3,005
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,985
Total couple families	30,795
Married couples	14,355
With children⁶	5,315
Without children	9,040
Common-law couples	16,440
With children⁶	9,600
Without children	6,835
Total one-parent families	4,195
in which the parent is a woman+	2,760
in which the parent is a man+	1,435
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	117,180
Total - Persons in census families	100,820
Married spouses or common-law partners	61,590
Parents in one-parent families	4,190
Children⁶	35,040
In a two-parent family	28,410
In a one-parent family	6,625
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,365
Living alone	13,245
Living with other relatives⁷	1,230
Living with non-relatives only	1,885
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,025
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,785
Couple-family households	29,945
With children⁶	14,555
Without children	15,390
One-parent-family households	3,845
Multigenerational households⁸	340
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	545
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,010
One-person households	13,245
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,065
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,070
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,335
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,095
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,125
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,445
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,205
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,400
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,105
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,110
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,295
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,095
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,910
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,025
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,040
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,970
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,395
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,325
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,640
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,435
Without total income	1,375
With total income	93,060
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,080
$10,000 to $19,999	9,155
$20,000 to $29,999	12,040
$30,000 to $39,999	10,775
$40,000 to $49,999	12,330
$50,000 to $59,999	11,285
$60,000 to $69,999	8,620
$70,000 to $79,999	6,440
$80,000 to $89,999	5,205
$90,000 to $99,999	3,645
$100,000 and over	8,485
$100,000 to $149,999	6,300
$150,000 and over	2,185
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,435
Without after-tax income	1,365
With after-tax income	93,075
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,505
$10,000 to $19,999	9,770
$20,000 to $29,999	14,335
$30,000 to $39,999	14,880
$40,000 to $49,999	15,505
$50,000 to $59,999	11,780
$60,000 to $69,999	8,245
$70,000 to $79,999	5,285
$80,000 to $89,999	3,040
$90,000 to $99,999	1,640
$100,000 and over	3,090
$100,000 to $124,999	1,760
$125,000 and over	1,330
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,435
Without employment income	21,340
With employment income	73,100
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,505
$5,000 to $9,999	4,840
$10,000 to $19,999	8,010
$20,000 to $29,999	6,535
$30,000 to $39,999	7,175
$40,000 to $49,999	8,270
$50,000 to $59,999	7,170
$60,000 to $69,999	5,875
$70,000 to $79,999	4,640
$80,000 to $89,999	3,980
$90,000 to $99,999	2,600
$100,000 and over	6,500
$100,000 to $124,999	3,495
$125,000 and over	3,005
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,935
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,970
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,110
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,555
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,195
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,210
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,400
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,915
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,930
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,930
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,475
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,065
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,935
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,395
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,260
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,455
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4
Employment income (%)	74.6
Government transfers (%)	12.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,025
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,245
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,775
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,025
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,700
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,260
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,900
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,080
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,765
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,500
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,025
Under $5,000	180
$5,000 to $9,999	90
$10,000 to $14,999	300
$15,000 to $19,999	450
$20,000 to $24,999	1,735
$25,000 to $29,999	1,225
$30,000 to $34,999	1,195
$35,000 to $39,999	1,765
$40,000 to $44,999	1,960
$45,000 to $49,999	1,930
$50,000 to $59,999	3,840
$60,000 to $69,999	3,450
$70,000 to $79,999	3,290
$80,000 to $89,999	3,175
$90,000 to $99,999	3,185
$100,000 and over	21,245
$100,000 to $124,999	6,710
$125,000 to $149,999	4,970
$150,000 to $199,999	5,740
$200,000 and over	3,820
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,025
Under $5,000	230
$5,000 to $9,999	105
$10,000 to $14,999	315
$15,000 to $19,999	500
$20,000 to $24,999	1,875
$25,000 to $29,999	1,510
$30,000 to $34,999	1,695
$35,000 to $39,999	2,385
$40,000 to $44,999	2,445
$45,000 to $49,999	2,325
$50,000 to $59,999	4,485
$60,000 to $69,999	4,155
$70,000 to $79,999	4,000
$80,000 to $89,999	3,930
$90,000 to $99,999	3,410
$100,000 and over	15,650
$100,000 to $124,999	6,770
$125,000 to $149,999	4,230
$150,000 and over	4,650
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	35,045
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,475
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,950
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,105
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,130
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	35,025
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,475
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,400
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,970
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,090
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,300
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,160
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	117,180
0 to 17 years	26,930
0 to 5 years	8,320
18 to 64 years	70,105
65 years and over	20,140
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,185
0 to 17 years	1,145
0 to 5 years	350
18 to 64 years	2,985
65 years and over	3,050
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3
0 to 5 years (%)	4.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3
65 years and over (%)	15.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	117,180
0 to 17 years	26,935
0 to 5 years	8,320
18 to 64 years	70,105
65 years and over	20,145
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,085
0 to 17 years	350
0 to 5 years	95
18 to 64 years	1,375
65 years and over	360
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.8
0 to 17 years (%)	1.3
0 to 5 years (%)	1.1
18 to 64 years (%)	2.0
65 years and over (%)	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	117,180
In bottom half of the distribution	52,255
In bottom decile	5,455
In second decile	9,130
In third decile	10,885
In fourth decile	12,670
In fifth decile	14,120
In top half of the distribution	64,920
In sixth decile	15,330
In seventh decile	16,070
In eighth decile	14,370
In ninth decile	11,385
In top decile	7,775
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	117,180
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.366
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.233
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	117,745
English only	175
French only	75,715
English and French	41,690
Neither English nor French	160
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	117,745
English	1,310
French	115,850
English and French	435
Neither English nor French	150
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	117,745
Single responses	116,670
Official languages	114,910
English	1,125
French	113,785
Non-official languages	1,760
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	5
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,755
Afro-Asiatic languages	375
Berber languages	25
Kabyle	25
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	340
Amharic	0
Arabic	340
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	70
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	30
Merina	25
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	25
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	990
Albanian	15
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	85
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	85
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	10
Macedonian	0
Polish	20
Russian	15
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	25
Bosnian	15
Croatian	5
Serbian	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	65
Frisian	0
High German languages	50
German	35
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	5
Indo-Iranian languages	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	800
Catalan	0
Italian	40
Portuguese	145
Romanian	45
Spanish	570
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	5
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	105
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	10
Edo	0
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	5
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	20
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65
Chinese languages	65
Hakka	0
Mandarin	65
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35
Lao	35
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	10
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,070
English and French	760
English and non-official language(s)	25
French and non-official language(s)	240
English, French and non-official language(s)	35
Multiple non-official languages	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	117,745
English	480
French	111,840
Non-official language	470
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	470
English and French	3,385
English and non-official language(s)	80
French and non-official language(s)	1,080
English, French and non-official language(s)	410
Multiple non-official languages	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	117,745
Single responses	116,835
Official languages	115,985
English	865
French	115,120
Non-official languages	850
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	850
Afro-Asiatic languages	155
Berber languages	15
Kabyle	15
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	145
Amharic	0
Arabic	145
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	35
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	10
Merina	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	525
Albanian	10
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	20
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	10
Russian	5
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	5
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	15
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	470
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	75
Romanian	20
Spanish	375
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	25
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	10
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	50
Chinese languages	50
Hakka	0
Mandarin	50
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20
Lao	20
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	915
English and French	590
English and non-official language(s)	20
French and non-official language(s)	275
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	117,745
None	113,590
English	2,580
French	600
Non-official language	625
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	625
English and French	50
English and non-official language(s)	215
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	30
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	117,180
Official languages	117,030
English	41,835
French	116,850
Non-official languages	5,405
Indigenous languages³⁹	25
Algonquian languages	10
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	10
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,390
Afro-Asiatic languages	580
Berber languages	45
Kabyle	40
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	550
Amharic	0
Arabic	550
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	140
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	20
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	75
Merina	70
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	65
Haitian Creole	35
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	3,975
Albanian	25
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	170
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	170
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	15
Macedonian	0
Polish	25
Russian	95
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	40
Bosnian	15
Croatian	20
Serbian	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	250
Frisian	0
High German languages	235
German	225
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	15
Indo-Iranian languages	35
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	20
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	20
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,605
Catalan	0
Italian	220
Portuguese	210
Romanian	75
Spanish	3,230
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	55
Korean	10
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	290
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	50
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	50
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	15
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	35
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	25
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	110
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	90
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	115
Chinese languages	115
Hakka	0
Mandarin	105
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65
Lao	55
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,180
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,690
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,570
First Nations (North American Indian)	850
Métis	695
Inuk (Inuit)	25
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85
Non-Indigenous identity	115,490
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,180
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	430
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	116,750
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,020
Owner	38,235
Renter	10,785
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,020
Condominium	3,495
Not condominium	45,525
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,020
No bedrooms	50
1 bedroom	3,245
2 bedrooms	13,310
3 bedrooms	18,695
4 or more bedrooms	13,725
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,020
1 to 4 rooms	10,515
5 rooms	6,575
6 rooms	6,680
7 rooms	7,365
8 or more rooms	17,885
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,020
One person or fewer per room	48,865
More than one person per room	155
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,020
Suitable	48,410
Not suitable	610
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,020
1960 or before	6,440
1961 to 1980	13,065
1981 to 1990	8,405
1991 to 2000	6,390
2001 to 2005	3,575
2006 to 2010	3,610
2011 to 2015	3,610
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,920
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,020
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,080
Major repairs needed	1,945
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,020
One-maintainer household	23,535
Two-maintainer household	24,895
Three-or-more-maintainer household	590
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,020
15 to 24 years	1,055
25 to 34 years	6,930
35 to 44 years	9,325
45 to 54 years	9,010
55 to 64 years	9,975
65 to 74 years	8,315
75 to 84 years	3,610
85 years and over	800
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	48,450
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,220
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,230
30% to less than 100%	3,960
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,020
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,510
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,995
Not suitable only	535
Major repairs needed only	1,715
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	195
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	42,510
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,185
In core need	1,250
Not in core need	46,930
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,845
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.5
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.2
% in core housing need⁶³	1.3
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,116
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	276,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	292,800
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,665
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.8
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.8
% in core housing need⁶³	7.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	795
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	833
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	117,180
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,500
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,485
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,265
Métis single ancestry	185
Inuit single ancestry	35
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,410
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,385
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,145
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	220
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	113,270
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	117,180
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	115,445
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,785
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,660
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,735
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	117,180
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	113,315
Immigrants⁸¹	3,000
Before 1980	440
1980 to 1990	275
1991 to 2000	325
2001 to 2010	830
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,130
2011 to 2015	555
2016 to 2021	580
Non-permanent residents⁸³	865
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,000
Under 5 years	375
5 to 14 years	425
15 to 24 years	525
25 to 44 years	1,530
45 years and over	150
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,000
Americas	565
Brazil	65
Colombia	110
El Salvador	0
Guyana	0
Haiti	55
Jamaica	0
Mexico	65
Peru	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	120
Other places of birth in Americas	135
Europe	1,280
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20
Croatia	0
France	865
Germany	70
Greece	0
Hungary	0
Italy	35
Netherlands	10
Poland	10
Portugal	0
Romania	15
Russian Federation	15
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25
Other places of birth in Europe	195
Africa	850
Algeria	75
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35
Egypt	10
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	140
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	10
Other places of birth in Africa	585
Asia	300
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Lebanon	20
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	100
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Korea, South⁹²	15
Taiwan	0
Philippines	15
Viet Nam	50
Bangladesh	0
India	0
Pakistan	0
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	85
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	580
Americas	65
Brazil	10
Colombia	20
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15
Europe	230
France	200
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10
Africa	240
Algeria	15
Burundi	15
Cameroon	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	70
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	25
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	25
Other places of birth in Africa	60
Asia	45
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	0
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	117,180
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,410
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,375
Third generation or more¹⁰²	109,395
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,560
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,465
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	760
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	705
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	885
Refugees¹⁰⁸	205
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,560
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	55
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	325
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	105
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	265
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,765
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	117,180
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,140
South Asian	85
Chinese	300
Black	1,215
Filipino	55
Arab	540
Latin American	610
Southeast Asian	225
West Asian	35
Korean	20
Japanese	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10
Multiple visible minorities	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	114,040
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	117,180
Canadian	49,785
English	965
Irish	4,965
Scottish	1,550
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30,055
German	1,015
Chinese	280
Italian	1,050
Indian (India)	55
Ukrainian	75
Dutch	145
Polish	165
Québécois	16,070
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	170
Filipino	65
French Canadian	11,775
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,195
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,600
Métis	445
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,290
Russian	75
Norwegian	60
Welsh	15
Portuguese	180
American	430
Spanish	270
Swedish	30
Hungarian	150
Acadian	1,210
Pakistani	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	220
Jewish	20
Punjabi	0
Vietnamese	100
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	205
Greek	65
Jamaican	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	50
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55
Korean	20
Romanian	80
Lebanese	65
Iranian	20
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,370
Danish	15
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	345
Sikh	0
Austrian	60
Belgian	430
Haitian	160
Hindu	0
Mexican	170
Mennonite	0
Swiss	315
Finnish	0
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	40
Japanese	25
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	265
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30
Muslim	25
Egyptian	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	80
Tamil	0
Icelandic	0
Colombian	225
Moroccan	205
Czech	40
Syrian	50
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	65
Serbian	0
Ojibway	0
Newfoundlander	0
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	30
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0
Turkish	25
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	105
Brazilian	75
Nigerian	0
Armenian	40
Slovak	30
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	40
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0
Algonquin	320
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	15
South African	0
Australian	0
Palestinian	0
Chilean	60
Congolese	125
Nova Scotian	25
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15
Peruvian	25
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	40
Berber	85
Albanian	20
Maltese	0
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	120
New Brunswicker	60
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	15
Israeli	0
Mohawk	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0
Tunisian	265
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	25
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	285
Latvian	0
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	100
Guatemalan	105
Indonesian	20
Laotian	60
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	25
Argentinian	45
Estonian	0
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	140
Coptic	0
Thai	30
Dominican	30
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	235
Moldovan	30
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	0
Breton	150
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10
Huron (Wendat)	205
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	220
Norman	140
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	75
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	20
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	25
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	25
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	15
Honduran	0
Cherokee	10
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	40
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	15
Atikamekw	40
Bamileke	40
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	45
Uruguayan	10
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	20
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	20
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	115
Beninese	15
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	30
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	95
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	117,180
Buddhist	140
Christian	85,000
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,915
Anabaptist	0
Anglican	60
Baptist	80
Catholic	75,695
Christian Orthodox	110
Jehovah's Witness	275
Latter Day Saints	35
Lutheran	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	175
Presbyterian	40
Reformed	55
United Church	30
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	495
Hindu	0
Jewish	15
Muslim	850
Sikh	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	215
No religion and secular perspectives	30,960
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	115,830
Non-movers	104,735
Movers	11,095
Non-migrants	5,790
Migrants	5,305
Internal migrants	4,910
Intraprovincial migrants	4,805
Interprovincial migrants	105
External migrants	395
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	110,335
Non-movers	76,340
Movers	33,995
Non-migrants	13,540
Migrants	20,455
Internal migrants	19,325
Intraprovincial migrants	18,905
Interprovincial migrants	415
External migrants	1,130
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,400
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,225
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	78,175
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,090
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,450
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,645
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,400
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,060
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,490
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,850
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,795
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,630
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,295
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,330
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,870
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,305
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,055
Bachelor's degree	13,770
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	465
Master's degree	3,615
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	645
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,095
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,070
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,915
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,105
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,640
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,460
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,425
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,035
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,790
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,395
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,465
Bachelor's degree	11,360
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,270
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340
Master's degree	3,020
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	475
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,400
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,550
Education	4,770
13. Education	4,770
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,590
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245
50. Visual and performing arts	1,345
Humanities	2,405
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	315
23. English language and literature/letters	50
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,470
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65
39. Theology and religious vocations	100
54. History	155
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	235
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,850
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	635
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,290
22. Legal professions and studies	985
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120
42. Psychology	645
45. Social sciences	1,155
Business, management and public administration	14,890
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	885
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,000
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,035
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	770
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	250
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	415
40. Physical sciences	440
41. Science technologies/technicians	155
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,565
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,225
25. Library science	155
27. Mathematics and statistics	145
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,235
04. Architecture and related services	495
14. Engineering	1,845
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,720
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	3,650
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,280
48. Precision production	2,245
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,400
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,840
03. Natural resources and conservation	560
Health and related fields	7,230
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	410
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,655
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,840
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,295
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15
43. Security and protective services	960
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,560
Other¹⁷⁹	40
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,985
Education	3,445
13. Education	3,445
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,255
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195
50. Visual and performing arts	1,055
Humanities	1,500
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	240
23. English language and literature/letters	35
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	810
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	50
54. History	135
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	185
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,715
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	540
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,070
22. Legal professions and studies	785
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80
42. Psychology	470
45. Social sciences	760
Business, management and public administration	12,280
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	715
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,560
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,360
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	615
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85
40. Physical sciences	380
41. Science technologies/technicians	125
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,175
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,965
25. Library science	115
27. Mathematics and statistics	85
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,095
04. Architecture and related services	410
14. Engineering	1,565
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,105
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	2,770
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,470
48. Precision production	1,785
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,865
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,445
03. Natural resources and conservation	420
Health and related fields	5,510
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,050
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,875
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,860
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	810
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,195
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	62,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,985
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	48,105
Location of study inside Canada	46,590
Same as province or territory of residence	45,905
Different than province or territory of residence	680
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,520
Americas	275
United States of America	60
Mexico	55
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	55
Colombia	50
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	45
Europe	695
Belgium	35
France	520
Germany	10
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	30
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	10
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20
Africa	425
Nigeria	0
Algeria	50
Morocco	70
Tunisia	165
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	140
Asia	110
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	10
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	25
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	10
Korea, South⁹²	10
Philippines	35
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	0
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10
Oceania	10
Australia	10
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,400
In the labour force	66,955
Employed	63,960
Unemployed	2,995
Not in the labour force	27,445
Participation rate	70.9
Employment rate	67.8
Unemployment rate	4.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,400
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,940
Worked	68,455
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	39,925
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,530
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	66,955
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	655
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	66,300
Employee	59,415
Permanent position	51,210
Temporary position	8,210
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,760
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,450
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,880
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	66,955
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	655
All occupations¹⁹¹	66,300
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,300
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,675
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,970
3 Health occupations	5,225
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,005
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,360
6 Sales and service occupations	14,620
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,775
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,775
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,595
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	66,955
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	655
All industries¹⁹¹	66,300
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,890
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	195
22 Utilities	290
23 Construction	5,950
31-33 Manufacturing	8,160
41 Wholesale trade	2,280
44-45 Retail trade	7,155
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,500
51 Information and cultural industries	645
52 Finance and insurance	4,170
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	860
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,545
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,980
61 Educational services	4,370
62 Health care and social assistance	8,560
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	715
72 Accommodation and food services	3,090
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,595
91 Public administration	6,270
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	71,285
English	550
French	61,585
Non-official language	80
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	80
English and French	8,815
English and non-official language(s)	20
French and non-official language(s)	115
English, French and non-official language(s)	120
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	71,285
Single responses	70,325
Official languages	70,215
English	1,465
French	68,745
Non-official languages	115
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	105
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	960
English and French	925
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	71,285
None	63,155
English	7,005
French	925
Non-official language	110
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	110
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	85
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	63,960
Worked at home	14,460
Worked outside Canada	65
No fixed workplace address	7,070
Usual place of work	42,365
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	42,365
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,075
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,790
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20,450
Commute to a different province or territory	50
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,435
Car, truck or van	45,715
Car, truck or van - as a driver	43,345
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,370
Public transit	895
Walked	1,735
Bicycle	305
Other method	790
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,435
Less than 15 minutes	14,500
15 to 29 minutes	20,445
30 to 44 minutes	10,265
45 to 59 minutes	2,590
60 minutes and over	1,635
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,435
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,715
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,870
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	16,130
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,980
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,195
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,545
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	27,435
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,090
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25,340
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,140
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,675
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,245
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	430
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,465

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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