Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Montmagny--L'Islet--Kamouraska--Rivière-du-LoupMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	96,724	...	...
Population, 2016¹	95,527	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	50,145	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	44,576	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	13.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7,310.10	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	96,725	48,445	48,280
0 to 14 years	13,925	7,165	6,760
0 to 4 years	4,085	2,065	2,020
5 to 9 years	4,700	2,430	2,265
10 to 14 years	5,135	2,670	2,470
15 to 64 years	55,700	28,445	27,260
15 to 19 years	4,660	2,435	2,225
20 to 24 years	4,045	2,135	1,910
25 to 29 years	4,280	2,195	2,085
30 to 34 years	4,735	2,405	2,330
35 to 39 years	5,045	2,635	2,410
40 to 44 years	5,555	2,820	2,735
45 to 49 years	5,335	2,740	2,595
50 to 54 years	5,600	2,860	2,745
55 to 59 years	7,580	3,820	3,755
60 to 64 years	8,860	4,395	4,465
65 years and over	27,100	12,840	14,265
65 to 69 years	8,380	4,205	4,175
70 to 74 years	7,140	3,510	3,630
75 to 79 years	5,130	2,555	2,580
80 to 84 years	3,095	1,430	1,665
85 years and over	3,355	1,140	2,210
85 to 89 years	1,985	745	1,240
90 to 94 years	1,080	320	770
95 to 99 years	260	70	185
100 years and over	25	5	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	14.8	14.0
15 to 64 years	57.6	58.7	56.5
65 years and over	28.0	26.5	29.5
85 years and over	3.5	2.4	4.6
Average age of the population	47.1	46.1	48.0
Median age of the population	50.8	49.6	52.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,575	...	...
Single-detached house	30,400	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,870	...	...
Row house	385	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,105	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,910	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	60	...	...
Other single-attached house	290	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	560	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,575	...	...
1 person	16,535	...	...
2 persons	17,075	...	...
3 persons	4,720	...	...
4 persons	4,060	...	...
5 or more persons	2,185	...	...
Number of persons in private households	92,985	46,995	45,985
Average household size	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	82,805	41,285	41,525
Married or living common-law	48,595	24,340	24,250
Married	25,195	12,655	12,540
Living common-law	23,400	11,685	11,715
Living common law - Never married	19,540	9,710	9,830
Living common law - Separated	205	95	105
Living common law - Divorced	3,185	1,685	1,495
Living common law - Widowed	470	195	280
Not married and not living common-law	34,210	16,945	17,270
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,280	12,630	9,650
Not married and not living common law - Separated	875	435	440
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,125	2,410	2,720
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,925	1,465	4,460
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,095	...	...
2 persons	16,685	...	...
3 persons	4,490	...	...
4 persons	3,950	...	...
5 or more persons	1,975	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,100	...	...
Total couple families	23,765	...	...
Married couples	12,075	...	...
With children⁶	3,065	...	...
Without children	9,010	...	...
Common-law couples	11,690	...	...
With children⁶	6,025	...	...
Without children	5,665	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,330	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,355	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	975	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	92,980	46,995	45,990
Total - Persons in census families	73,210	36,760	36,450
Married spouses or common-law partners	47,540	23,760	23,775
Parents in one-parent families	3,330	970	2,360
Children⁶	22,340	12,030	10,315
In a two-parent family	17,225	9,210	8,020
In a one-parent family	5,115	2,820	2,295
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,770	10,235	9,540
Living alone	16,535	8,450	8,085
Living with other relatives⁷	1,375	670	710
Living with non-relatives only	1,860	1,120	740
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,575	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,200	...	...
Couple-family households	23,130	...	...
With children⁶	8,835	...	...
Without children	14,295	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,065	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	270	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	430	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,095	...	...
One-person households	16,535	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,080	39,845	39,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,140	39,440	38,695
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,145	39,445	38,700
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,200	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,755	36,135	33,620
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	35,600	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,070	29,415	24,650
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,600	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,595	33,225	34,370
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	11,200	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,455	5,845	4,610
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,600	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,195	11,075	9,125
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,080	39,840	39,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,080	39,440	38,635
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,120	49,280	38,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,085	39,445	38,635
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,480	33,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,630	36,065	33,560
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,240	42,960	31,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,070	29,375	24,700
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	41,840	34,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,615	33,305	34,310
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,630	11,850	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,325	5,800	4,525
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,030	6,460	7,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,115	10,940	9,180
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,910	6,430	7,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,080	39,845	39,235
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,580	14,385	11,190
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	51,200	46,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,700	57,450	51,120
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,235	11,200	11,035
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	24,800	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,440	32,600	22,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.2	79.8	69.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.2	63.2	56.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.8	20.3	30.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.9	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.3	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.6	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,080	39,845	39,235
Without total income	940	405	540
With total income	78,135	39,445	38,695
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,465	1,775	2,690
$10,000 to $19,999	10,775	4,135	6,645
$20,000 to $29,999	14,685	6,960	7,725
$30,000 to $39,999	11,225	5,370	5,855
$40,000 to $49,999	11,440	6,020	5,415
$50,000 to $59,999	9,215	5,310	3,900
$60,000 to $69,999	5,760	3,480	2,280
$70,000 to $79,999	3,435	2,120	1,315
$80,000 to $89,999	2,385	1,350	1,035
$90,000 to $99,999	1,540	845	690
$100,000 and over	3,200	2,065	1,135
$100,000 to $149,999	2,360	1,460	895
$150,000 and over	845	605	235
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,080	39,845	39,235
Without after-tax income	935	400	535
With after-tax income	78,145	39,445	38,695
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,790	1,895	2,900
$10,000 to $19,999	11,360	4,415	6,945
$20,000 to $29,999	17,030	8,070	8,955
$30,000 to $39,999	14,765	7,595	7,165
$40,000 to $49,999	13,345	7,655	5,690
$50,000 to $59,999	7,540	4,445	3,095
$60,000 to $69,999	4,100	2,330	1,775
$70,000 to $79,999	2,270	1,180	1,090
$80,000 to $89,999	1,195	670	520
$90,000 to $99,999	620	400	220
$100,000 and over	1,135	780	355
$100,000 to $124,999	595	380	220
$125,000 and over	540	405	140
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,080	39,845	39,235
Without employment income	25,010	10,430	14,585
With employment income	54,065	29,420	24,655
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,210	4,130	3,085
$5,000 to $9,999	4,200	1,860	2,335
$10,000 to $19,999	6,900	3,130	3,770
$20,000 to $29,999	6,415	3,020	3,395
$30,000 to $39,999	6,870	3,570	3,305
$40,000 to $49,999	7,025	3,930	3,090
$50,000 to $59,999	5,075	3,270	1,800
$60,000 to $69,999	3,380	2,235	1,140
$70,000 to $79,999	2,120	1,295	825
$80,000 to $89,999	1,730	955	770
$90,000 to $99,999	930	555	375
$100,000 and over	2,215	1,455	760
$100,000 to $124,999	1,185	720	460
$125,000 and over	1,030	730	300
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,080	39,845	39,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,440	39,055	38,385
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,800	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,455	39,055	38,395
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,600	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,970	35,795	33,180
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	37,200	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,135	29,800	25,330
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,545	29,640	31,900
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,900	8,800	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,380	5,895	4,480
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	5,000	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,080	39,840	39,235
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,405	39,085	38,325
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,080	47,840	36,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,435	39,090	38,345
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,520	39,400	31,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,050	35,910	33,145
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,880	44,000	31,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,260	29,795	25,460
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,160	42,360	33,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,365	29,605	31,760
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,440	9,830	11,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,135	5,840	4,290
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,580	6,120	7,190
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,080	39,845	39,235
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,560	14,380	11,180
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,000	49,600	42,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,000	55,850	47,040
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,510	10,800	10,710
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	30,400	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,280	37,080	25,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.4	84.4	74.8
Employment income (%)	64.8	67.4	61.1
Government transfers (%)	19.7	15.6	25.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	1.9	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,580	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,535	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,040	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,575	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,585	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,985	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,575	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	585	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,100	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,620	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,860	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,030	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,485	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,300	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,205	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,540	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,145	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,765	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,485	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,355	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,755	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,805	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,470	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,325	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,575	...	...
Under $5,000	270	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	610	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,155	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,815	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,320	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,575	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,255	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,910	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,635	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,430	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,940	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,495	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,970	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,480	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,495	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,950	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,860	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,685	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,330	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,350	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,130	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,255	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,395	9,565	8,830
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	38,400	30,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,200	34,000	28,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,260	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,350	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,195	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,190	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,050	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,445	9,505	8,940
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,520	43,320	37,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,840	36,480	33,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	92,980	46,995	45,985
0 to 17 years	16,645	8,545	8,100
0 to 5 years	4,955	2,510	2,445
18 to 64 years	52,235	26,665	25,570
65 years and over	24,095	11,785	12,310
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,180	5,720	6,460
0 to 17 years	1,110	560	545
0 to 5 years	320	150	170
18 to 64 years	4,865	2,515	2,360
65 years and over	6,205	2,650	3,555
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.1	12.2	14.0
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7	6.6	6.8
0 to 5 years (%)	6.4	6.0	7.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	9.4	9.2
65 years and over (%)	25.8	22.5	28.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	92,980	46,995	45,990
0 to 17 years	16,645	8,540	8,105
0 to 5 years	4,955	2,510	2,440
18 to 64 years	52,240	26,665	25,575
65 years and over	24,100	11,790	12,310
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,960	1,060	900
0 to 17 years	135	75	60
0 to 5 years	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	1,600	890	710
65 years and over	220	90	130
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.3	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	0.8	0.9	0.7
0 to 5 years (%)	0.6	0.6	0.7
18 to 64 years (%)	3.1	3.3	2.8
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.8	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	92,980	46,995	45,990
In bottom half of the distribution	59,280	29,505	29,780
In bottom decile	9,380	4,430	4,945
In second decile	12,155	5,855	6,295
In third decile	12,825	6,450	6,375
In fourth decile	12,635	6,505	6,125
In fifth decile	12,295	6,255	6,030
In top half of the distribution	33,700	17,495	16,210
In sixth decile	10,755	5,575	5,180
In seventh decile	9,080	4,710	4,365
In eighth decile	6,675	3,445	3,235
In ninth decile	4,515	2,330	2,185
In top decile	2,675	1,430	1,245
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	92,980	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.429	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.243	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	95,170	47,840	47,325
English only	150	95	60
French only	75,320	36,920	38,400
English and French	19,500	10,655	8,840
Neither English nor French	200	170	30
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	95,170	47,840	47,325
English	575	300	270
French	94,240	47,275	46,965
English and French	160	90	70
Neither English nor French	195	170	25
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	95,170	47,840	47,325
Single responses	94,715	47,590	47,125
Official languages	93,915	47,080	46,835
English	495	245	245
French	93,420	46,830	46,585
Non-official languages	800	515	290
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	795	515	290
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	100	70
Berber languages	15	10	5
Kabyle	15	10	5
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	150	90	65
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	145	85	60
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5
Vietnamese	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	50	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	20	15	10
Merina	15	10	10
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	35	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	45	25	15
Haitian Creole	30	15	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	405	280	125
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	5	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	5	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	5
Russian	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	20	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	15	15
German	25	10	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	340	250	90
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	5
Portuguese	25	15	10
Romanian	5	0	5
Spanish	295	225	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	5	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	5	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	15
Chinese languages	30	10	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5
Lao	10	5	5
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	450	250	200
English and French	300	170	130
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
French and non-official language(s)	115	60	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	95,170	47,840	47,325
English	220	120	95
French	92,705	46,415	46,295
Non-official language	295	230	65
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	295	230	65
English and French	1,345	760	580
English and non-official language(s)	35	25	15
French and non-official language(s)	380	200	180
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	95	100
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	95,170	47,840	47,325
Single responses	94,800	47,640	47,155
Official languages	94,355	47,330	47,025
English	355	200	160
French	94,000	47,135	46,865
Non-official languages	440	310	130
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	440	310	130
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	30	35
Berber languages	5	0	0
Kabyle	5	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	25	30
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	60	25	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	45	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	35	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	270	210	60
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0
Russian	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	245	200	45
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	225	195	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	5	10
Chinese languages	20	5	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	5	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	370	195	170
English and French	230	125	110
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	120	70	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	95,170	47,840	47,325
None	93,560	46,945	46,615
English	1,040	600	440
French	190	100	95
Non-official language	195	100	100
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	195	100	100
English and French	30	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	100	50	55
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	92,980	46,995	45,985
Official languages	92,800	46,850	45,945
English	19,575	10,805	8,765
French	92,605	46,710	45,900
Non-official languages	2,840	1,445	1,400
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	15
Algonquian languages	10	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,830	1,440	1,390
Afro-Asiatic languages	330	195	135
Berber languages	45	25	15
Kabyle	45	25	15
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	305	185	120
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	305	185	115
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	110	70	35
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	30	10	15
Merina	20	0	10
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	65	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	60	30	35
Haitian Creole	55	30	30
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,105	1,025	1,080
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	15	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	30	45
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	75	30	45
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	0	20
Russian	50	25	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	235	115	115
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	185	75	110
German	185	75	110
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	35	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	35	35	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	15	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,905	925	980
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	85	45	40
Portuguese	85	30	50
Romanian	20	15	0
Spanish	1,770	845	935
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	100	60	40
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	40	30	10
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	70	45	25
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	45	35	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	30	25
Chinese languages	55	30	25
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	30	25
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	25	20
Lao	25	20	0
Thai	15	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,985	46,995	45,985
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,275	635	640
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,165	570	595
First Nations (North American Indian)	705	340	365
Métis	455	230	225
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110	65	45
Non-Indigenous identity	91,705	46,360	45,340
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,985	46,995	45,985
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	315	150	160
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	92,670	46,840	45,825
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,575	...	...
Owner	31,500	...	...
Renter	13,075	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,575	...	...
Condominium	2,495	...	...
Not condominium	42,080	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,575	...	...
No bedrooms	225	...	...
1 bedroom	4,950	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,975	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,385	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,050	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,575	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,730	...	...
5 rooms	7,100	...	...
6 rooms	6,560	...	...
7 rooms	5,950	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,235	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,575	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,490	...	...
More than one person per room	80	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,575	...	...
Suitable	44,090	...	...
Not suitable	480	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,575	...	...
1960 or before	16,765	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,460	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,215	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,670	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,555	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,750	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,840	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,320	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,575	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,715	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,855	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,575	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,920	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,070	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	585	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,575	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,280	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,690	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,075	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,485	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,890	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,590	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,165	...	...
85 years and over	1,395	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,705	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,835	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,870	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,555	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,575	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,840	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,550	...	...
Not suitable only	425	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,505	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	305	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,730	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	43,390	...	...
In core need	1,525	...	...
Not in core need	41,865	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,785	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	5.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	665	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	811	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	180,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	199,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,000	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	580	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	594	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	92,980	46,995	45,990
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,490	755	735
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,475	755	720
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,285	665	620
Métis single ancestry	190	85	100
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,480	710	770
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,470	705	765
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,295	625	665
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	170	80	95
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	90,015	45,530	44,485
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	92,980	46,995	45,990
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	91,810	46,265	45,540
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,550	8,515	8,035
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	75,255	37,750	37,505
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,175	735	445
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	92,980	46,995	45,990
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	91,035	45,880	45,155
Immigrants⁸¹	1,210	600	610
Before 1980	215	95	130
1980 to 1990	130	75	55
1991 to 2000	135	45	90
2001 to 2010	255	145	115
2011 to 2021⁸²	475	250	230
2011 to 2015	195	105	90
2016 to 2021	280	145	140
Non-permanent residents⁸³	735	515	220
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,210	605	610
Under 5 years	175	80	100
5 to 14 years	225	120	105
15 to 24 years	145	60	90
25 to 44 years	600	295	305
45 years and over	65	50	15
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,210	605	610
Americas	240	105	140
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	15	0	10
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	55	35	15
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	10	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	80	35	45
Other places of birth in Americas	80	20	65
Europe	550	265	285
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	390	185	200
Germany	20	0	20
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	10	10	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	10	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	10	15
Other places of birth in Europe	65	40	30
Africa	240	140	100
Algeria	80	45	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	30	15	15
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	120	70	55
Asia	175	90	85
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	50	20	35
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	35	25	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	30	25
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	285	140	140
Americas	15	0	15
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	15
Europe	105	55	50
France	95	45	50
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	105	60	50
Algeria	45	20	25
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	15	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	10
Asia	50	25	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	25	20	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	92,985	46,995	45,985
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,170	1,200	970
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,375	735	640
Third generation or more¹⁰²	89,435	45,065	44,370
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	995	515	485
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	585	325	260
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	300	190	110
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	285	140	150
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	365	155	205
Refugees¹⁰⁸	35	20	15
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	995	515	485
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	0	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	155	70	90
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	10	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	90	65	25
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	705	365	345
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	92,985	46,995	45,985
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,430	830	605
South Asian	60	30	30
Chinese	95	25	70
Black	430	225	210
Filipino	125	105	25
Arab	250	155	95
Latin American	290	210	80
Southeast Asian	80	40	40
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	15	15	0
Japanese	10	0	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	10
Multiple visible minorities	40	20	25
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	91,555	46,165	45,390
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	92,980	46,995	45,985
Canadian	40,660	20,330	20,330
English	330	175	160
Irish	1,750	840	910
Scottish	600	295	310
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20,815	10,500	10,315
German	465	220	245
Chinese	105	35	65
Italian	325	135	190
Indian (India)	120	60	55
Ukrainian	35	30	10
Dutch	40	20	25
Polish	85	35	50
Québécois	14,775	7,485	7,290
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	40	25	15
Filipino	130	105	25
French Canadian	11,030	5,615	5,415
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,595	815	780
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,210	585	625
Métis	390	170	215
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	785	360	420
Russian	50	20	30
Norwegian	35	10	30
Welsh	0	0	0
Portuguese	60	35	25
American	350	165	185
Spanish	170	95	65
Swedish	10	10	0
Hungarian	30	30	0
Acadian	760	345	415
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	75	55	25
Jewish	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	50	25	30
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	120	70	55
Greek	35	15	20
Jamaican	15	0	10
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	20	40
Korean	15	10	0
Romanian	10	10	0
Lebanese	20	15	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,045	1,070	970
Danish	15	0	10
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	265	145	115
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0
Belgian	240	140	95
Haitian	115	55	55
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	80	50	25
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	95	50	35
Finnish	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	15	0	10
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	210	115	90
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	45	10	30
Egyptian	15	0	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	10	0	10
Moroccan	60	25	35
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	10	0	10
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	20	10	15
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	25	10	15
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	20	15	0
Slovak	10	10	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	0	20
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	15	0	10
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	185	70	115
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	35	25	10
Congolese	15	15	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	10	10
Berber	65	40	25
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	30	20
New Brunswicker	90	55	35
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	80	55	30
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	30	15	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10
Tunisian	65	40	20
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	115	50	65
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	45	20	30
Guatemalan	110	100	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	35	20	10
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	20	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	15	10	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	20	35
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	45	20	25
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	145	60	85
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	70	45	25
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	240	120	120
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	15	15
Huron (Wendat)	145	100	50
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	45	25	20
Norman	225	115	105
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	25	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	15	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	20	0	15
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	20	15	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	35	15	20
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	55	30	25
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	175	100	80
Beninese	10	10	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	40	20	20
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	92,985	46,995	45,985
Buddhist	30	20	10
Christian	76,845	38,460	38,385
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,225	3,215	3,010
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	50	25	25
Baptist	115	65	55
Catholic	69,815	34,885	34,930
Christian Orthodox	10	10	0
Jehovah's Witness	300	140	165
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	75	35	40
Presbyterian	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	20	10	10
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	210	80	130
Hindu	0	0	0
Jewish	15	0	0
Muslim	350	205	145
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	135	60	80
No religion and secular perspectives	15,600	8,235	7,365
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	92,190	46,590	45,600
Non-movers	84,190	42,675	41,520
Movers	8,000	3,915	4,085
Non-migrants	3,740	1,840	1,900
Migrants	4,260	2,070	2,185
Internal migrants	4,000	1,955	2,050
Intraprovincial migrants	3,880	1,895	1,980
Interprovincial migrants	125	60	65
External migrants	255	120	135
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	88,905	44,920	43,990
Non-movers	61,950	31,515	30,435
Movers	26,960	13,400	13,555
Non-migrants	8,855	4,420	4,435
Migrants	18,100	8,980	9,120
Internal migrants	17,225	8,435	8,795
Intraprovincial migrants	16,945	8,320	8,630
Interprovincial migrants	280	115	165
External migrants	870	555	320
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,080	39,845	39,235
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,200	12,040	9,160
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,875	27,805	30,075
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,425	23,445	22,980
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,925	5,635	3,290
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,500	17,810	19,685
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,080	39,845	39,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,725	10,150	8,570
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,245	7,530	8,720
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,105	22,165	21,940
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,235	17,980	16,255
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,075	11,675	6,400
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,715	8,175	5,540
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,365	3,505	860
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,915	5,580	8,330
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,240	720	1,520
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,875	4,185	5,690
Bachelor's degree	6,850	2,740	4,115
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	770	365	405
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	180	155
Master's degree	1,680	790	890
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	235	115	125
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,425	23,450	22,980
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,355	4,445	2,910
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,520	3,585	3,940
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,545	15,415	16,135
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,330	12,670	11,655
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,165	8,270	4,895
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,095	5,815	4,280
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,070	2,455	610
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,845	3,970	5,875
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,320	430	890
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,220	2,740	4,480
Bachelor's degree	5,065	1,890	3,170
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	490	185	300
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	95	145
Master's degree	1,240	490	755
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	80	105
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,075	39,845	39,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,970	17,680	17,290
Education	4,175	990	3,185
13. Education	4,175	990	3,185
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,070	430	645
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	70	40
50. Visual and performing arts	955	360	605
Humanities	1,670	760	910
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	45	95
23. English language and literature/letters	20	15	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	965	440	525
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	60	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	75	45
54. History	85	45	40
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	245	75	165
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,395	495	1,905
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	235	60	180
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	850	45	810
22. Legal professions and studies	350	100	245
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	20	60
42. Psychology	365	60	305
45. Social sciences	500	205	295
Business, management and public administration	8,365	2,295	6,075
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	660	140	515
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,695	2,140	5,555
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,050	605	445
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	310	150	160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	65	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	285	110	180
40. Physical sciences	210	175	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	140	115	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	785	550	230
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	640	505	140
25. Library science	80	10	70
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,470	10,860	610
04. Architecture and related services	235	160	75
14. Engineering	815	720	95
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,820	1,615	210
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,590	2,525	65
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,140	3,055	85
48. Precision production	2,870	2,790	85
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,705	1,895	820
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,935	1,240	695
03. Natural resources and conservation	770	655	120
Health and related fields	5,985	1,010	4,975
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	380	195	190
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,500	775	4,725
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	40	60
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,415	2,275	2,140
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,670	730	1,935
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	450	345	105
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,285	1,185	100
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,425	23,445	22,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,875	8,030	6,845
Education	2,505	465	2,040
13. Education	2,505	465	2,040
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	795	260	535
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	40	35
50. Visual and performing arts	725	225	500
Humanities	960	440	520
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	25	55
23. English language and literature/letters	10	10	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	565	275	290
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	30	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	25	20
54. History	50	25	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140	40	105
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,775	285	1,490
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	185	45	135
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	650	30	620
22. Legal professions and studies	265	55	210
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	10	45
42. Psychology	275	30	245
45. Social sciences	340	110	230
Business, management and public administration	6,310	1,600	4,705
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	485	90	395
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,815	1,510	4,305
Physical and life sciences and technologies	580	370	210
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	235	100	140
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	30	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	30	10
40. Physical sciences	155	130	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	85	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	630	465	165
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	555	445	110
25. Library science	50	0	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,425	7,885	540
04. Architecture and related services	165	90	70
14. Engineering	715	620	95
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,365	1,180	185
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,855	1,800	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,200	2,125	75
48. Precision production	2,125	2,060	65
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,075	1,365	705
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,495	890	600
03. Natural resources and conservation	575	470	105
Health and related fields	4,145	645	3,500
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	285	130	155
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,775	495	3,280
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	25	60
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,340	1,625	1,715
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,000	465	1,540
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	375	280	90
49. Transportation and materials moving	955	870	85
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,425	23,445	22,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,875	8,030	6,845
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,550	15,415	16,130
Location of study inside Canada	30,800	14,970	15,835
Same as province or territory of residence	30,440	14,780	15,655
Different than province or territory of residence	365	180	180
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	750	450	300
Americas	140	110	30
United States of America	25	20	0
Mexico	20	15	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	85	70	10
Europe	345	170	180
Belgium	15	10	10
France	285	145	135
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	170	110	60
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	15	0	10
Morocco	50	35	20
Tunisia	55	40	15
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	40	25	15
Asia	90	65	25
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	50	40	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	10	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	10
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,080	39,845	39,235
In the labour force	47,210	25,285	21,925
Employed	44,065	23,715	20,350
Unemployed	3,140	1,565	1,580
Not in the labour force	31,870	14,565	17,310
Participation rate	59.7	63.5	55.9
Employment rate	55.7	59.5	51.9
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.2	7.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,080	39,845	39,235
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,935	13,500	16,440
Worked	49,140	26,345	22,795
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,160	14,770	11,390
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,980	11,575	11,405
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.5	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	47,205	25,280	21,930
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	745	315	430
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	46,460	24,965	21,495
Employee	40,780	21,430	19,350
Permanent position	34,250	18,030	16,220
Temporary position	6,530	3,405	3,125
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,970	885	1,090
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,560	2,520	2,040
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,685	3,540	2,145
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	47,205	25,280	21,930
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	745	315	430
All occupations¹⁹¹	46,460	24,965	21,495
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	830	580	245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,420	1,795	4,625
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,450	1,845	605
3 Health occupations	3,675	620	3,055
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,985	1,065	3,920
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,005	460	550
6 Sales and service occupations	10,890	4,530	6,360
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,120	8,560	555
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,630	2,125	505
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,465	3,385	1,080
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	47,205	25,280	21,930
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	745	315	430
All industries¹⁹¹	46,460	24,965	21,495
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,025	2,225	800
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	665	555	110
22 Utilities	170	125	40
23 Construction	2,975	2,630	340
31-33 Manufacturing	9,195	6,830	2,370
41 Wholesale trade	935	695	240
44-45 Retail trade	5,580	2,600	2,985
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,325	1,880	445
51 Information and cultural industries	275	205	70
52 Finance and insurance	970	290	675
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	315	190	125
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,810	840	965
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	20	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,085	665	415
61 Educational services	3,125	820	2,305
62 Health care and social assistance	7,135	1,200	5,935
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	400	210	190
72 Accommodation and food services	2,465	930	1,535
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,270	1,175	1,095
91 Public administration	1,735	875	855
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	51,510	27,475	24,035
English	275	200	75
French	47,220	24,725	22,500
Non-official language	65	45	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	65	45	25
English and French	3,685	2,330	1,355
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	170	135	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	30	50
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	51,510	27,475	24,035
Single responses	51,080	27,230	23,850
Official languages	50,940	27,125	23,815
English	670	460	210
French	50,270	26,665	23,605
Non-official languages	145	110	35
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	145	110	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	0	10
Haitian Creole	10	0	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	115	105	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	105	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	115	105	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10
Chinese languages	15	0	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	425	240	185
English and French	410	230	175
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	51,510	27,475	24,035
None	47,980	25,200	22,780
English	2,910	1,850	1,055
French	455	320	135
Non-official language	110	75	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	110	75	30
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	55	25	25
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	44,070	23,715	20,350
Worked at home	5,675	2,735	2,940
Worked outside Canada	70	55	10
No fixed workplace address	3,865	2,945	925
Usual place of work	34,450	17,985	16,465
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,450	17,980	16,465
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,330	8,380	7,950
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,315	5,785	5,525
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,770	3,780	2,990
Commute to a different province or territory	40	35	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	38,320	20,925	17,395
Car, truck or van	34,620	18,930	15,685
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,115	18,235	14,875
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,505	695	810
Public transit	140	75	65
Walked	2,770	1,380	1,390
Bicycle	205	185	20
Other method	585	355	230
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	38,320	20,925	17,395
Less than 15 minutes	21,400	11,320	10,080
15 to 29 minutes	10,695	5,735	4,955
30 to 44 minutes	3,675	2,030	1,645
45 to 59 minutes	1,315	890	420
60 minutes and over	1,240	950	285
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	38,320	20,925	17,395
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,800	2,110	695
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,515	5,460	2,050
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,870	6,470	6,395
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,215	2,615	4,595
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,295	855	1,440
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,625	3,410	2,220
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,975	8,720	8,260
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	570	275	295
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,400	8,445	7,965
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,605	6,515	6,090
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	465	215	250
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	260	120	145
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	205	95	105
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,140	6,300	5,840

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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