Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Montmagny--L'Islet--Kamouraska--Rivière-du-LoupMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	96,724	...
Population, 2016¹	95,527	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.3	1.3
Total private dwellings²	50,145	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	44,576	...
Population density per square kilometre	13.2	13.2
Land area in square kilometres	7,310.10	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	96,725	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,925	14.4
0 to 4 years	4,085	4.2
5 to 9 years	4,700	4.9
10 to 14 years	5,135	5.3
15 to 64 years	55,700	57.6
15 to 19 years	4,660	4.8
20 to 24 years	4,045	4.2
25 to 29 years	4,280	4.4
30 to 34 years	4,735	4.9
35 to 39 years	5,045	5.2
40 to 44 years	5,555	5.7
45 to 49 years	5,335	5.5
50 to 54 years	5,600	5.8
55 to 59 years	7,580	7.8
60 to 64 years	8,860	9.2
65 years and over	27,100	28.0
65 to 69 years	8,380	8.7
70 to 74 years	7,140	7.4
75 to 79 years	5,130	5.3
80 to 84 years	3,095	3.2
85 years and over	3,355	3.5
85 to 89 years	1,985	2.1
90 to 94 years	1,080	1.1
95 to 99 years	260	0.3
100 years and over	25	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	14.4
15 to 64 years	57.6	57.6
65 years and over	28.0	28.0
85 years and over	3.5	3.5
Average age of the population	47.1	47.1
Median age of the population	50.8	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,575	100.0
Single-detached house	30,400	68.2
Semi-detached house	1,870	4.2
Row house	385	0.9
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,105	4.7
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,910	20.0
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	60	0.1
Other single-attached house	290	0.7
Movable dwelling⁴	560	1.3
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,575	100.0
1 person	16,535	37.1
2 persons	17,075	38.3
3 persons	4,720	10.6
4 persons	4,060	9.1
5 or more persons	2,185	4.9
Number of persons in private households	92,985	100.0
Average household size	2.1	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	82,805	100.0
Married or living common-law	48,595	58.7
Married	25,195	30.4
Living common-law	23,400	28.3
Living common law - Never married	19,540	23.6
Living common law - Separated	205	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,185	3.8
Living common law - Widowed	470	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	34,210	41.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,280	26.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	875	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,125	6.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,925	7.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,095	100.0
2 persons	16,685	61.6
3 persons	4,490	16.6
4 persons	3,950	14.6
5 or more persons	1,975	7.3
Average size of census families	2.7	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,100	100.0
Total couple families	23,765	87.7
Married couples	12,075	44.6
With children⁶	3,065	11.3
Without children	9,010	33.2
Common-law couples	11,690	43.1
With children⁶	6,025	22.2
Without children	5,665	20.9
Total one-parent families	3,330	12.3
in which the parent is a woman+	2,355	8.7
in which the parent is a man+	975	3.6
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	92,980	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	73,210	78.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	47,540	51.1
Parents in one-parent families	3,330	3.6
Children⁶	22,340	24.0
In a two-parent family	17,225	18.5
In a one-parent family	5,115	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,770	21.3
Living alone	16,535	17.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,375	1.5
Living with non-relatives only	1,860	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,575	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,200	58.8
Couple-family households	23,130	51.9
With children⁶	8,835	19.8
Without children	14,295	32.1
One-parent-family households	3,065	6.9
Multigenerational households⁸	270	0.6
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	0.1
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	430	1.0
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,095	2.5
One-person households	16,535	37.1
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,080	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,140	98.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,145	98.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,755	88.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,070	68.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,595	85.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,455	13.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,195	25.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,080	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,080	98.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,120	44,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,085	98.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,630	88.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,240	37,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,070	68.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,615	85.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,630	12,630
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,325	13.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,030	7,030
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,115	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,910	6,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,080	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,580	32.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	48,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,700	54,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,235	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	20,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,440	27,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.2	75.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.2	60.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.8	24.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,080	100.0
Without total income	940	1.2
With total income	78,135	98.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,465	5.7
$10,000 to $19,999	10,775	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	14,685	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	11,225	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,440	14.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,215	11.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,760	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,435	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,385	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,540	2.0
$100,000 and over	3,200	4.1
$100,000 to $149,999	2,360	3.0
$150,000 and over	845	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,080	100.0
Without after-tax income	935	1.2
With after-tax income	78,145	98.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,790	6.1
$10,000 to $19,999	11,360	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	17,030	21.8
$30,000 to $39,999	14,765	18.9
$40,000 to $49,999	13,345	17.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,540	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,100	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,270	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,195	1.5
$90,000 to $99,999	620	0.8
$100,000 and over	1,135	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	595	0.8
$125,000 and over	540	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,080	100.0
Without employment income	25,010	31.6
With employment income	54,065	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,210	13.3
$5,000 to $9,999	4,200	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,900	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	6,415	11.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,870	12.7
$40,000 to $49,999	7,025	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,075	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,380	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,120	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,730	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	930	1.7
$100,000 and over	2,215	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,185	2.2
$125,000 and over	1,030	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,080	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,440	97.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,455	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,970	87.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,135	69.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,545	77.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,900	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,380	13.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,080	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,405	97.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,080	42,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,435	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,520	35,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,050	87.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,880	37,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,260	69.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,160	38,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,365	77.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,440	10,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,135	12.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,580	6,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,080	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,560	32.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,000	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,000	52,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,510	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	24,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,280	31,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.4	80.4
Employment income (%)	64.8	64.8
Government transfers (%)	19.7	19.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.1	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,580	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	62,800
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,600	55,600
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,535	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	34,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,600	31,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,040	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	86,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,500	75,500
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,575	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,300	77,300
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,200	65,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,585	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,000	41,000
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,240	35,240
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,985	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,800	98,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,900	82,900
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,575	100.0
Under $5,000	230	0.5
$5,000 to $9,999	220	0.5
$10,000 to $14,999	585	1.3
$15,000 to $19,999	1,100	2.5
$20,000 to $24,999	3,620	8.1
$25,000 to $29,999	1,860	4.2
$30,000 to $34,999	2,030	4.6
$35,000 to $39,999	2,645	5.9
$40,000 to $44,999	2,485	5.6
$45,000 to $49,999	2,300	5.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,205	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,540	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,145	7.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,765	6.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,485	5.6
$100,000 and over	11,355	25.5
$100,000 to $124,999	4,755	10.7
$125,000 to $149,999	2,805	6.3
$150,000 to $199,999	2,470	5.5
$200,000 and over	1,325	3.0
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,575	100.0
Under $5,000	270	0.6
$5,000 to $9,999	235	0.5
$10,000 to $14,999	610	1.4
$15,000 to $19,999	1,155	2.6
$20,000 to $24,999	3,815	8.6
$25,000 to $29,999	2,320	5.2
$30,000 to $34,999	2,575	5.8
$35,000 to $39,999	3,255	7.3
$40,000 to $44,999	2,910	6.5
$45,000 to $49,999	2,635	5.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,430	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	3,940	8.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,495	7.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,970	6.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,480	5.6
$100,000 and over	7,495	16.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,950	8.9
$125,000 to $149,999	1,860	4.2
$150,000 and over	1,685	3.8
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,330	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	87,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	75,500
Average family size of economic families	2.7	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,350	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	73,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	64,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,130	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	121,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	103,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,255	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	65,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	59,200
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,395	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,200	31,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,260	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	99,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	83,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,350	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	84,000
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,300	70,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,195	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,200	132,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	110,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,190	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	72,500
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,050	63,050
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,445	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,520	40,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,840	34,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	92,980	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,645	17.9
0 to 5 years	4,955	5.3
18 to 64 years	52,235	56.2
65 years and over	24,095	25.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,180	...
0 to 17 years	1,110	...
0 to 5 years	320	...
18 to 64 years	4,865	...
65 years and over	6,205	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.1	13.1
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7	6.7
0 to 5 years (%)	6.4	6.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	9.3
65 years and over (%)	25.8	25.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	92,980	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,645	17.9
0 to 5 years	4,955	5.3
18 to 64 years	52,240	56.2
65 years and over	24,100	25.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,960	...
0 to 17 years	135	...
0 to 5 years	30	...
18 to 64 years	1,600	...
65 years and over	220	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.1
0 to 17 years (%)	0.8	0.8
0 to 5 years (%)	0.6	0.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.1	3.1
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	92,980	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	59,280	63.8
In bottom decile	9,380	10.1
In second decile	12,155	13.1
In third decile	12,825	13.8
In fourth decile	12,635	13.6
In fifth decile	12,295	13.2
In top half of the distribution	33,700	36.2
In sixth decile	10,755	11.6
In seventh decile	9,080	9.8
In eighth decile	6,675	7.2
In ninth decile	4,515	4.9
In top decile	2,675	2.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	92,980	92,980
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	0.284
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.429	0.429
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.243	0.243
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	3.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	95,170	100.0
English only	150	0.2
French only	75,320	79.1
English and French	19,500	20.5
Neither English nor French	200	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	95,170	100.0
English	575	0.6
French	94,240	99.0
English and French	160	0.2
Neither English nor French	195	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	95,170	100.0
Single responses	94,715	99.5
Official languages	93,915	98.7
English	495	0.5
French	93,420	98.2
Non-official languages	800	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	795	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	0.2
Berber languages	15	0.0
Kabyle	15	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	150	0.2
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	145	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	0.1
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	0.0
Merina	15	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	45	0.0
Haitian Creole	30	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	405	0.4
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	5	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	0.0
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	5	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	10	0.0
Russian	10	0.0
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	30	0.0
German	25	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	5	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	340	0.4
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	10	0.0
Portuguese	25	0.0
Romanian	5	0.0
Spanish	295	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	5	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	0.0
Chinese languages	30	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	25	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0.0
Lao	10	0.0
Thai	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	450	0.5
English and French	300	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	5	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	115	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	95,170	100.0
English	220	0.2
French	92,705	97.4
Non-official language	295	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	295	0.3
English and French	1,345	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	35	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	380	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	95,170	100.0
Single responses	94,800	99.6
Official languages	94,355	99.1
English	355	0.4
French	94,000	98.8
Non-official languages	440	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	440	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	0.1
Berber languages	5	0.0
Kabyle	5	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	0.1
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	60	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	0.1
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	270	0.3
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	0.0
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	5	0.0
Russian	10	0.0
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	245	0.3
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	225	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0.0
Chinese languages	20	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	370	0.4
English and French	230	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	5	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	120	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	95,170	100.0
None	93,560	98.3
English	1,040	1.1
French	190	0.2
Non-official language	195	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	195	0.2
English and French	30	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	100	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	92,980	100.0
Official languages	92,800	99.8
English	19,575	21.1
French	92,605	99.6
Non-official languages	2,840	3.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,830	3.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	330	0.4
Berber languages	45	0.0
Kabyle	45	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	305	0.3
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	305	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	0.1
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	30	0.0
Merina	20	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	60	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,105	2.3
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	15	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	0.1
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	20	0.0
Russian	50	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	235	0.3
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	185	0.2
German	185	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	35	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,905	2.0
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	85	0.1
Portuguese	85	0.1
Romanian	20	0.0
Spanish	1,770	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	10	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	40	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	70	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	45	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	0.1
Chinese languages	55	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	50	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	0.0
Lao	25	0.0
Thai	15	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,985	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,275	1.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,165	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	705	0.8
Métis	455	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	91,705	98.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,985	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	315	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	92,670	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,575	100.0
Owner	31,500	70.7
Renter	13,075	29.3
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,575	100.0
Condominium	2,495	5.6
Not condominium	42,080	94.4
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,575	100.0
No bedrooms	225	0.5
1 bedroom	4,950	11.1
2 bedrooms	11,975	26.9
3 bedrooms	15,385	34.5
4 or more bedrooms	12,050	27.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,575	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	11,730	26.3
5 rooms	7,100	15.9
6 rooms	6,560	14.7
7 rooms	5,950	13.3
8 or more rooms	13,235	29.7
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	6.3
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,575	100.0
One person or fewer per room	44,490	99.8
More than one person per room	80	0.2
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,575	100.0
Suitable	44,090	98.9
Not suitable	480	1.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,575	100.0
1960 or before	16,765	37.6
1961 to 1980	12,460	28.0
1981 to 1990	5,215	11.7
1991 to 2000	3,670	8.2
2001 to 2005	1,555	3.5
2006 to 2010	1,750	3.9
2011 to 2015	1,840	4.1
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,320	3.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,575	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,715	93.6
Major repairs needed	2,855	6.4
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,575	100.0
One-maintainer household	26,920	60.4
Two-maintainer household	17,070	38.3
Three-or-more-maintainer household	585	1.3
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,575	100.0
15 to 24 years	1,280	2.9
25 to 34 years	4,690	10.5
35 to 44 years	6,075	13.6
45 to 54 years	6,485	14.5
55 to 64 years	9,890	22.2
65 to 74 years	9,590	21.5
75 to 84 years	5,165	11.6
85 years and over	1,395	3.1
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,705	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,835	91.1
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,870	8.9
30% to less than 100%	3,555	8.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,575	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,840	15.3
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,550	8.0
Not suitable only	425	1.0
Major repairs needed only	2,505	5.6
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	0.0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	305	0.7
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	0.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	0.0
Acceptable housing	37,730	84.6
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	43,390	100.0
In core need	1,525	3.5
Not in core need	41,865	96.5
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,785	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.0	51.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	5.6	5.6
% in core housing need⁶³	2.3	2.3
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	665	665
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	811	811
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	180,000	180,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	199,000	199,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,000	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.0	11.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.5	16.5
% in core housing need⁶³	6.5	6.5
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	580	580
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	594	594
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	92,980	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,490	1.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,475	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,285	1.4
Métis single ancestry	190	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,480	1.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,470	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,295	1.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	170	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	90,015	96.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	92,980	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	91,810	98.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,550	17.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	75,255	80.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,175	1.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	92,980	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	91,035	97.9
Immigrants⁸¹	1,210	1.3
Before 1980	215	0.2
1980 to 1990	130	0.1
1991 to 2000	135	0.1
2001 to 2010	255	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	475	0.5
2011 to 2015	195	0.2
2016 to 2021	280	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	735	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,210	100.0
Under 5 years	175	14.5
5 to 14 years	225	18.6
15 to 24 years	145	12.0
25 to 44 years	600	49.6
45 years and over	65	5.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,210	100.0
Americas	240	19.8
Brazil	0	0.0
Colombia	15	1.2
El Salvador	0	0.0
Guyana	0	0.0
Haiti	55	4.5
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	10	0.8
Peru	0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0.0
United States of America	80	6.6
Other places of birth in Americas	80	6.6
Europe	550	45.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Croatia	0	0.0
France	390	32.2
Germany	20	1.7
Greece	0	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0
Italy	10	0.8
Netherlands	0	0.0
Poland	0	0.0
Portugal	0	0.0
Romania	10	0.8
Russian Federation	10	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	1.7
Other places of birth in Europe	65	5.4
Africa	240	19.8
Algeria	80	6.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Egypt	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	30	2.5
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	120	9.9
Asia	175	14.5
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Lebanon	15	1.2
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	4.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	1.7
Taiwan	0	0.0
Philippines	35	2.9
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	4.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	285	100.0
Americas	15	5.3
Brazil	0	0.0
Colombia	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	0	0.0
United States of America	0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	5.3
Europe	105	36.8
France	95	33.3
Germany	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0.0
Africa	105	36.8
Algeria	45	15.8
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	15	5.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	10	3.5
Egypt	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	10	3.5
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	10.5
Asia	50	17.5
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	7.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0
Philippines	25	8.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	92,985	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,170	2.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,375	1.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	89,435	96.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	995	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	585	58.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	300	30.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	285	28.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	365	36.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	35	3.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	995	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	1.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	155	15.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	1.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	90	9.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	705	70.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	92,985	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,430	1.5
South Asian	60	0.1
Chinese	95	0.1
Black	430	0.5
Filipino	125	0.1
Arab	250	0.3
Latin American	290	0.3
Southeast Asian	80	0.1
West Asian	0	0.0
Korean	15	0.0
Japanese	10	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	40	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	91,555	98.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	92,980	100.0
Canadian	40,660	43.7
English	330	0.4
Irish	1,750	1.9
Scottish	600	0.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20,815	22.4
German	465	0.5
Chinese	105	0.1
Italian	325	0.3
Indian (India)	120	0.1
Ukrainian	35	0.0
Dutch	40	0.0
Polish	85	0.1
Québécois	14,775	15.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	40	0.0
Filipino	130	0.1
French Canadian	11,030	11.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,595	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,210	1.3
Métis	390	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	785	0.8
Russian	50	0.1
Norwegian	35	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Portuguese	60	0.1
American	350	0.4
Spanish	170	0.2
Swedish	10	0.0
Hungarian	30	0.0
Acadian	760	0.8
Pakistani	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	75	0.1
Jewish	0	0.0
Punjabi	0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	120	0.1
Greek	35	0.0
Jamaican	15	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	0.1
Korean	15	0.0
Romanian	10	0.0
Lebanese	20	0.0
Iranian	0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,045	2.2
Danish	15	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	265	0.3
Sikh	0	0.0
Austrian	0	0.0
Belgian	240	0.3
Haitian	115	0.1
Hindu	0	0.0
Mexican	80	0.1
Mennonite	0	0.0
Swiss	95	0.1
Finnish	0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Japanese	15	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	210	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0.0
Muslim	45	0.0
Egyptian	15	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Colombian	10	0.0
Moroccan	60	0.1
Czech	0	0.0
Syrian	10	0.0
Guyanese	0	0.0
Afghan	0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0.0
Ontarian	20	0.0
Persian	0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0.0
Algerian	25	0.0
Brazilian	0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0.0
Armenian	20	0.0
Slovak	10	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0.0
African Caribbean	15	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0.0
Algonquin	185	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
South African	0	0.0
Australian	0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0.0
Chilean	35	0.0
Congolese	15	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0.0
Peruvian	10	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	0.0
Berber	65	0.1
Albanian	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	0.1
New Brunswicker	90	0.1
Gujarati	0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0.0
African Canadian	80	0.1
Israeli	0	0.0
Mohawk	30	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Albertan	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0.0
African American	0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0.0
Tunisian	65	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0.0
Cuban	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	115	0.1
Latvian	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Cameroonian	45	0.0
Guatemalan	110	0.1
Indonesian	0	0.0
Laotian	35	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0.0
Argentinian	15	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	0.1
Coptic	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Dominican	45	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0
Abenaki	145	0.2
Moldovan	0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	70	0.1
New Zealander	0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0
Breton	240	0.3
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	145	0.2
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0.0
Gaspesian	45	0.0
Norman	225	0.2
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0.0
Mauritian	0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	20	0.0
Grenadian	0	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0
Mayan	0	0.0
Honduran	0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0
Flemish	0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0
Senegalese	20	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Goan	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Azorean	0	0.0
Atikamekw	35	0.0
Bamileke	0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0
Basque	55	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0.0
Igorot	0	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	175	0.2
Beninese	10	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Roma	0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	40	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	92,985	100.0
Buddhist	30	0.0
Christian	76,845	82.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,225	6.7
Anabaptist	0	0.0
Anglican	50	0.1
Baptist	115	0.1
Catholic	69,815	75.1
Christian Orthodox	10	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	300	0.3
Latter Day Saints	0	0.0
Lutheran	0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	75	0.1
Presbyterian	0	0.0
Reformed	0	0.0
United Church	20	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	210	0.2
Hindu	0	0.0
Jewish	15	0.0
Muslim	350	0.4
Sikh	0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	135	0.1
No religion and secular perspectives	15,600	16.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	92,190	100.0
Non-movers	84,190	91.3
Movers	8,000	8.7
Non-migrants	3,740	4.1
Migrants	4,260	4.6
Internal migrants	4,000	4.3
Intraprovincial migrants	3,880	4.2
Interprovincial migrants	125	0.1
External migrants	255	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	88,905	100.0
Non-movers	61,950	69.7
Movers	26,960	30.3
Non-migrants	8,855	10.0
Migrants	18,100	20.4
Internal migrants	17,225	19.4
Intraprovincial migrants	16,945	19.1
Interprovincial migrants	280	0.3
External migrants	870	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,080	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,200	26.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,875	73.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,425	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,925	19.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,500	80.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,080	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,725	23.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,245	20.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,105	55.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,235	43.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,075	22.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,715	17.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,365	5.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,915	17.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,240	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,875	12.5
Bachelor's degree	6,850	8.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	770	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	0.4
Master's degree	1,680	2.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	235	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,425	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,355	15.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,520	16.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,545	67.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,330	52.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,165	28.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,095	21.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,070	6.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,845	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,320	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,220	15.6
Bachelor's degree	5,065	10.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	490	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	0.5
Master's degree	1,240	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,075	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,970	44.2
Education	4,175	5.3
13. Education	4,175	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,070	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	955	1.2
Humanities	1,670	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	20	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	965	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	0.2
54. History	85	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	245	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,395	3.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	235	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	850	1.1
22. Legal professions and studies	350	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	0.1
42. Psychology	365	0.5
45. Social sciences	500	0.6
Business, management and public administration	8,365	10.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	660	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,695	9.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,050	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	310	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	285	0.4
40. Physical sciences	210	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	140	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	785	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	640	0.8
25. Library science	80	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,470	14.5
04. Architecture and related services	235	0.3
14. Engineering	815	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,820	2.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,590	3.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,140	4.0
48. Precision production	2,870	3.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,705	3.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,935	2.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	770	1.0
Health and related fields	5,985	7.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	380	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,500	7.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,415	5.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,670	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0.0
43. Security and protective services	450	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,285	1.6
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,425	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,875	32.0
Education	2,505	5.4
13. Education	2,505	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	795	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	725	1.6
Humanities	960	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	565	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	0.1
54. History	50	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,775	3.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	185	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	650	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	265	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	0.1
42. Psychology	275	0.6
45. Social sciences	340	0.7
Business, management and public administration	6,310	13.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	485	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,815	12.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	580	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	235	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	0.1
40. Physical sciences	155	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	630	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	555	1.2
25. Library science	50	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,425	18.1
04. Architecture and related services	165	0.4
14. Engineering	715	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,365	2.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,855	4.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,200	4.7
48. Precision production	2,125	4.6
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,075	4.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,495	3.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	575	1.2
Health and related fields	4,145	8.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	285	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,775	8.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,340	7.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,000	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0.0
43. Security and protective services	375	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	955	2.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,425	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,875	32.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,550	68.0
Location of study inside Canada	30,800	66.3
Same as province or territory of residence	30,440	65.6
Different than province or territory of residence	365	0.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	750	1.6
Americas	140	0.3
United States of America	25	0.1
Mexico	20	0.0
Cuba	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Brazil	0	0.0
Colombia	10	0.0
Peru	0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	85	0.2
Europe	345	0.7
Belgium	15	0.0
France	285	0.6
Germany	0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0.0
Poland	0	0.0
Romania	0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Italy	10	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0.0
Africa	170	0.4
Nigeria	0	0.0
Algeria	15	0.0
Morocco	50	0.1
Tunisia	55	0.1
Egypt	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	40	0.1
Asia	90	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Philippines	50	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
India	10	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0.0
Oceania	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,080	...
In the labour force	47,210	...
Employed	44,065	...
Unemployed	3,140	...
Not in the labour force	31,870	...
Participation rate	59.7	59.7
Employment rate	55.7	55.7
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,080	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,935	37.9
Worked	49,140	62.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,160	33.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,980	29.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	47,205	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	745	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	46,460	98.4
Employee	40,780	86.4
Permanent position	34,250	72.6
Temporary position	6,530	13.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,970	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,560	9.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,685	12.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	47,205	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	745	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	46,460	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	830	1.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,420	13.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,450	5.2
3 Health occupations	3,675	7.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,985	10.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,005	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	10,890	23.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,120	19.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,630	5.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,465	9.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	47,205	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	745	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	46,460	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,025	6.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	665	1.4
22 Utilities	170	0.4
23 Construction	2,975	6.3
31-33 Manufacturing	9,195	19.5
41 Wholesale trade	935	2.0
44-45 Retail trade	5,580	11.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,325	4.9
51 Information and cultural industries	275	0.6
52 Finance and insurance	970	2.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	315	0.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,810	3.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,085	2.3
61 Educational services	3,125	6.6
62 Health care and social assistance	7,135	15.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	400	0.8
72 Accommodation and food services	2,465	5.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,270	4.8
91 Public administration	1,735	3.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	51,510	100.0
English	275	0.5
French	47,220	91.7
Non-official language	65	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	65	0.1
English and French	3,685	7.2
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	170	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	51,510	100.0
Single responses	51,080	99.2
Official languages	50,940	98.9
English	670	1.3
French	50,270	97.6
Non-official languages	145	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	145	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	115	0.2
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	0.2
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	115	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0.0
Chinese languages	15	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	425	0.8
English and French	410	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	51,510	100.0
None	47,980	93.1
English	2,910	5.6
French	455	0.9
Non-official language	110	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	110	0.2
English and French	0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	44,070	100.0
Worked at home	5,675	12.9
Worked outside Canada	70	0.2
No fixed workplace address	3,865	8.8
Usual place of work	34,450	78.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,450	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,330	47.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,315	32.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,770	19.7
Commute to a different province or territory	40	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	38,320	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,620	90.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,115	86.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,505	3.9
Public transit	140	0.4
Walked	2,770	7.2
Bicycle	205	0.5
Other method	585	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	38,320	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,400	55.8
15 to 29 minutes	10,695	27.9
30 to 44 minutes	3,675	9.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,315	3.4
60 minutes and over	1,240	3.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	38,320	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,800	7.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,515	19.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,870	33.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,215	18.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,295	6.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,625	14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,975	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	570	3.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,400	96.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,605	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	465	3.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	260	2.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	205	1.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,140	96.3

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...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 11, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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