Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Trois-RivièresMore information: Quebec [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	114,064	...
Population, 2016¹	110,515	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.2	3.2
Total private dwellings²	59,513	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	56,248	...
Population density per square kilometre	910.2	910.2
Land area in square kilometres	125.31	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,065	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,150	13.3
0 to 4 years	4,775	4.2
5 to 9 years	5,085	4.5
10 to 14 years	5,295	4.6
15 to 64 years	67,365	59.1
15 to 19 years	5,180	4.5
20 to 24 years	7,050	6.2
25 to 29 years	7,250	6.4
30 to 34 years	6,270	5.5
35 to 39 years	6,380	5.6
40 to 44 years	6,470	5.7
45 to 49 years	5,550	4.9
50 to 54 years	5,975	5.2
55 to 59 years	8,035	7.0
60 to 64 years	9,200	8.1
65 years and over	31,545	27.7
65 to 69 years	8,675	7.6
70 to 74 years	7,805	6.8
75 to 79 years	6,090	5.3
80 to 84 years	4,240	3.7
85 years and over	4,730	4.1
85 to 89 years	2,775	2.4
90 to 94 years	1,535	1.3
95 to 99 years	370	0.3
100 years and over	50	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.3	13.3
15 to 64 years	59.1	59.1
65 years and over	27.7	27.7
85 years and over	4.1	4.1
Average age of the population	46.4	46.4
Median age of the population	47.6	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	56,245	100.0
Single-detached house	19,910	35.4
Semi-detached house	4,085	7.3
Row house	1,715	3.0
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,585	8.2
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	24,565	43.7
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,115	2.0
Other single-attached house	255	0.5
Movable dwelling⁴	20	0.0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	56,245	100.0
1 person	24,825	44.1
2 persons	19,615	34.9
3 persons	5,505	9.8
4 persons	4,270	7.6
5 or more persons	2,030	3.6
Number of persons in private households	108,760	100.0
Average household size	1.9	1.9
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	98,910	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,660	50.2
Married	25,295	25.6
Living common-law	24,370	24.6
Living common law - Never married	19,305	19.5
Living common law - Separated	250	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	4,245	4.3
Living common law - Widowed	570	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	49,245	49.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,260	32.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,265	1.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,515	8.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,200	7.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,415	100.0
2 persons	18,585	63.2
3 persons	5,015	17.0
4 persons	4,085	13.9
5 or more persons	1,730	5.9
Average size of census families	2.7	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,420	100.0
Total couple families	24,140	82.1
Married couples	11,965	40.7
With children⁶	3,535	12.0
Without children	8,430	28.7
Common-law couples	12,180	41.4
With children⁶	5,375	18.3
Without children	6,800	23.1
Total one-parent families	5,275	17.9
in which the parent is a woman+	3,920	13.3
in which the parent is a man+	1,360	4.6
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	108,760	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	77,885	71.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	48,285	44.4
Parents in one-parent families	5,275	4.9
Children⁶	24,330	22.4
In a two-parent family	16,550	15.2
In a one-parent family	7,775	7.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	30,875	28.4
Living alone	24,825	22.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,935	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	4,115	3.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	56,245	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,055	49.9
Couple-family households	23,300	41.4
With children⁶	8,570	15.2
Without children	14,735	26.2
One-parent-family households	4,755	8.5
Multigenerational households⁸	345	0.6
Multiple-census-family households⁹	70	0.1
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	760	1.4
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,190	3.9
One-person households	24,830	44.1
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	93,620	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,705	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,735	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,250	85.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,850	63.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,425	84.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,155	11.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,435	26.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	93,660	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,840	98.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,440	45,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,875	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,200	38,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,335	85.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,280	39,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	59,890	63.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,520	40,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,395	84.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,330	12.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,480	6,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,315	26.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	93,655	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,880	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,850	61,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,780	27.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,080	26,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.6	75.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.2	58.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.4	24.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	93,625	100.0
Without total income	1,920	2.1
With total income	91,710	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,620	6.1
$10,000 to $19,999	12,660	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	17,780	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	13,280	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	12,105	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	9,310	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,115	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,115	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,045	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,100	2.3
$100,000 and over	5,575	6.1
$100,000 to $149,999	4,055	4.4
$150,000 and over	1,515	1.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	93,625	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,890	2.0
With after-tax income	91,740	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,155	6.7
$10,000 to $19,999	13,165	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	20,725	22.6
$30,000 to $39,999	16,365	17.8
$40,000 to $49,999	13,640	14.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,265	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,975	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,210	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,985	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,150	1.3
$100,000 and over	2,105	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,150	1.3
$125,000 and over	960	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	93,625	100.0
Without employment income	33,775	36.1
With employment income	59,845	63.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,335	13.9
$5,000 to $9,999	5,235	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	8,260	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	6,975	11.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,505	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,080	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,760	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,505	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,510	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,140	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,455	2.4
$100,000 and over	4,085	6.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,145	3.6
$125,000 and over	1,940	3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	93,620	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,490	96.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,565	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,270	84.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,585	64.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,520	78.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,810	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	4,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	93,660	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,540	96.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,480	42,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,635	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,230	84.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,160	39,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,595	64.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,640	39,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,420	78.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,080	10,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,045	10.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,430	6,430
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	93,655	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,780	28.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,950	56,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,465	26.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,880	29,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.8	80.8
Employment income (%)	62.5	62.5
Government transfers (%)	19.2	19.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	56,250	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	56,800	56,800
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	50,800	50,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	24,830	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	33,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,600	30,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,420	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	85,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,500	74,500
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	56,235	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,200	74,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	62,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	24,735	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,040	40,040
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,320	34,320
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,500	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	101,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,400	84,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	56,250	100.0
Under $5,000	510	0.9
$5,000 to $9,999	505	0.9
$10,000 to $14,999	1,305	2.3
$15,000 to $19,999	1,965	3.5
$20,000 to $24,999	4,915	8.7
$25,000 to $29,999	2,905	5.2
$30,000 to $34,999	2,780	4.9
$35,000 to $39,999	3,150	5.6
$40,000 to $44,999	3,250	5.8
$45,000 to $49,999	3,065	5.4
$50,000 to $59,999	5,350	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,205	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,515	6.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,055	5.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,675	4.8
$100,000 and over	13,100	23.3
$100,000 to $124,999	4,880	8.7
$125,000 to $149,999	2,970	5.3
$150,000 to $199,999	3,130	5.6
$200,000 and over	2,115	3.8
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	56,250	100.0
Under $5,000	560	1.0
$5,000 to $9,999	515	0.9
$10,000 to $14,999	1,330	2.4
$15,000 to $19,999	2,045	3.6
$20,000 to $24,999	5,205	9.3
$25,000 to $29,999	3,655	6.5
$30,000 to $34,999	3,420	6.1
$35,000 to $39,999	3,915	7.0
$40,000 to $44,999	3,820	6.8
$45,000 to $49,999	3,335	5.9
$50,000 to $59,999	5,445	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,580	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,800	6.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,195	5.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,475	4.4
$100,000 and over	8,955	15.9
$100,000 to $124,999	4,105	7.3
$125,000 to $149,999	2,285	4.1
$150,000 and over	2,560	4.6
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,750	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	87,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	75,500
Average family size of economic families	2.7	2.7
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,850	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	77,500
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	67,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,950	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	128,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	108,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,170	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	62,400
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	56,800
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	28,940	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	32,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,600	29,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,785	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,500	102,500
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,400	85,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,955	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,100	90,100
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,400	75,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,955	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,600	143,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,100	117,100
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,190	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	70,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	61,600
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	28,990	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,600	38,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,280	33,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	108,760	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,070	16.6
0 to 5 years	5,765	5.3
18 to 64 years	63,915	58.8
65 years and over	26,780	24.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	17,995	...
0 to 17 years	2,430	...
0 to 5 years	845	...
18 to 64 years	9,380	...
65 years and over	6,190	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.5	16.5
0 to 17 years (%)	13.4	13.4
0 to 5 years (%)	14.7	14.7
18 to 64 years (%)	14.7	14.7
65 years and over (%)	23.1	23.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	108,760	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,065	16.6
0 to 5 years	5,760	5.3
18 to 64 years	63,915	58.8
65 years and over	26,775	24.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,385	...
0 to 17 years	660	...
0 to 5 years	215	...
18 to 64 years	5,250	...
65 years and over	475	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.9	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.7	3.7
0 to 5 years (%)	3.7	3.7
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2	8.2
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	108,760	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	69,785	64.2
In bottom decile	15,490	14.2
In second decile	14,935	13.7
In third decile	14,170	13.0
In fourth decile	13,555	12.5
In fifth decile	11,635	10.7
In top half of the distribution	38,970	35.8
In sixth decile	10,325	9.5
In seventh decile	9,170	8.4
In eighth decile	8,315	7.6
In ninth decile	6,435	5.9
In top decile	4,735	4.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	108,760	108,760
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.322	0.322
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.472	0.472
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	0.276
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	3.5
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,795	100.0
English only	340	0.3
French only	73,380	65.6
English and French	37,710	33.7
Neither English nor French	360	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,795	100.0
English	1,615	1.4
French	108,765	97.3
English and French	1,085	1.0
Neither English nor French	330	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,795	100.0
Single responses	110,150	98.5
Official languages	105,575	94.4
English	1,325	1.2
French	104,255	93.3
Non-official languages	4,570	4.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	270	0.2
Algonquian languages	265	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	265	0.2
Atikamekw	250	0.2
Cree languages	5	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,300	3.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,180	1.1
Berber languages	75	0.1
Kabyle	65	0.1
Tamazight	10	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	0.0
Hausa	10	0.0
Mina	10	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	5	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,075	1.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	1,075	1.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	0.0
Vietnamese	70	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	95	0.1
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	35	0.0
Merina	25	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	140	0.1
Haitian Creole	85	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	20	0.0
Sango	10	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	10	0.0
Tamil	5	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,020	1.8
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	110	0.1
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	15	0.0
Russian	40	0.0
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	0.0
Bosnian	15	0.0
Croatian	5	0.0
Serbian	15	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0.0
Irish	5	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	85	0.1
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	70	0.1
German	65	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	15	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	5	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	55	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	105	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	30	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	5	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	10	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	0.1
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	25	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	50	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,660	1.5
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	35	0.0
Portuguese	170	0.2
Romanian	40	0.0
Spanish	1,410	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	10	0.0
Korean	10	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	445	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	15	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	0.0
Lingala	15	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	5	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	0.1
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	5	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	150	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	55	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	30	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	190	0.2
Chinese languages	190	0.2
Hakka	5	0.0
Mandarin	155	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	0.0
Lao	20	0.0
Thai	10	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0.0
Estonian	5	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,650	1.5
English and French	830	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	60	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	640	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,795	100.0
English	600	0.5
French	102,325	91.5
Non-official language	1,340	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	75	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,260	1.1
English and French	3,745	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	175	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	2,735	2.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	800	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	75	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,795	100.0
Single responses	110,035	98.4
Official languages	107,540	96.2
English	1,040	0.9
French	106,500	95.3
Non-official languages	2,495	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	0.1
Algonquian languages	130	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	0.1
Atikamekw	130	0.1
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,360	2.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	475	0.4
Berber languages	20	0.0
Kabyle	20	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	450	0.4
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	450	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0.0
Vietnamese	50	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	0.0
Merina	5	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	50	0.0
Haitian Creole	30	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0.0
Sango	5	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,315	1.2
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	0.0
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	5	0.0
Russian	25	0.0
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0.0
Bosnian	5	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	5	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	10	0.0
German	10	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	20	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	20	0.0
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	10	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	0.0
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	40	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,165	1.0
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	120	0.1
Romanian	15	0.0
Spanish	1,025	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	5	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	195	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0.0
Lingala	10	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	90	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	20	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	30	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	25	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	0.1
Chinese languages	145	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	120	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0.0
Lao	5	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,760	1.6
English and French	745	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	65	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	860	0.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,800	100.0
None	105,800	94.6
English	2,880	2.6
French	1,160	1.0
Non-official language	1,255	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	50	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,205	1.1
English and French	150	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	355	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	100	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	108,845	100.0
Official languages	108,515	99.7
English	37,670	34.6
French	108,140	99.4
Non-official languages	9,190	8.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	380	0.3
Algonquian languages	360	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	355	0.3
Atikamekw	335	0.3
Cree languages	10	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	15	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,830	8.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,620	1.5
Berber languages	75	0.1
Kabyle	40	0.0
Tamazight	35	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	60	0.1
Hausa	25	0.0
Mina	40	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,555	1.4
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	1,550	1.4
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	0.0
Vietnamese	115	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	185	0.2
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	25	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	85	0.1
Merina	55	0.1
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	315	0.3
Haitian Creole	145	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	60	0.1
Sango	20	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	75	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	15	0.0
Tamil	15	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,285	4.9
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	190	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	190	0.2
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	15	0.0
Russian	125	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	0.0
Bosnian	10	0.0
Croatian	25	0.0
Serbian	25	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0.0
Irish	20	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	310	0.3
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	275	0.3
German	265	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	20	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	15	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	120	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	220	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	105	0.1
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	40	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	55	0.1
Kacchi	0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	120	0.1
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	45	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	70	0.1
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,615	4.2
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	270	0.2
Portuguese	305	0.3
Romanian	65	0.1
Spanish	4,190	3.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	45	0.0
Korean	45	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	945	0.9
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Bamanankan	45	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Éwé	55	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	65	0.1
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	0.0
Lingala	110	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	0.0
Mòoré	40	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	115	0.1
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	240	0.2
Wojenaka	15	0.0
Wolof	130	0.1
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	255	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0
African, n.o.s.	40	0.0
Sign languages	170	0.2
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	140	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	340	0.3
Chinese languages	340	0.3
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	320	0.3
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	0.0
Lao	20	0.0
Thai	25	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	15	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	108,845	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,200	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,020	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,340	1.2
Métis	650	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	35	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	135	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	106,645	98.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	108,845	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	970	0.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	107,880	99.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	56,235	100.0
Owner	28,075	49.9
Renter	28,160	50.1
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	56,235	100.0
Condominium	6,355	11.3
Not condominium	49,880	88.7
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	56,235	100.0
No bedrooms	275	0.5
1 bedroom	10,320	18.4
2 bedrooms	19,010	33.8
3 bedrooms	16,640	29.6
4 or more bedrooms	10,000	17.8
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	56,235	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	22,680	40.3
5 rooms	10,780	19.2
6 rooms	5,320	9.5
7 rooms	4,905	8.7
8 or more rooms	12,540	22.3
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	5.6
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	56,235	100.0
One person or fewer per room	56,025	99.6
More than one person per room	205	0.4
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	56,235	100.0
Suitable	55,375	98.5
Not suitable	860	1.5
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	56,235	100.0
1960 or before	13,780	24.5
1961 to 1980	17,590	31.3
1981 to 1990	8,080	14.4
1991 to 2000	6,040	10.7
2001 to 2005	2,470	4.4
2006 to 2010	3,265	5.8
2011 to 2015	2,635	4.7
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,375	4.2
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	56,235	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	53,055	94.3
Major repairs needed	3,180	5.7
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	56,235	100.0
One-maintainer household	35,985	64.0
Two-maintainer household	19,450	34.6
Three-or-more-maintainer household	800	1.4
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	56,235	100.0
15 to 24 years	3,130	5.6
25 to 34 years	7,640	13.6
35 to 44 years	8,140	14.5
45 to 54 years	7,305	13.0
55 to 64 years	11,315	20.1
65 to 74 years	10,700	19.0
75 to 84 years	6,185	11.0
85 years and over	1,820	3.2
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	56,050	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	48,175	86.0
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,870	14.0
30% to less than 100%	7,225	12.9
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	56,235	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,210	19.9
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,250	12.9
Not suitable only	705	1.3
Major repairs needed only	2,545	4.5
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	0.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	545	1.0
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80	0.1
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	0.0
Acceptable housing	45,025	80.1
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	55,400	100.0
In core need	2,220	4.0
Not in core need	53,180	96.0
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,060	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.0	58.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.8	6.8
% in core housing need⁶³	0.8	0.8
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	870
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	941	941
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	200,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	225,200	225,200
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,160	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.4	8.4
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.3	21.3
% in core housing need⁶³	7.2	7.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	624	624
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	666	666
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	108,845	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,175	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,150	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,950	1.8
Métis single ancestry	195	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,560	2.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,545	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,300	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	230	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	104,105	95.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	108,845	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	104,305	95.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,285	15.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	87,020	79.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,540	4.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	108,845	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	101,035	92.8
Immigrants⁸¹	5,520	5.1
Before 1980	435	0.4
1980 to 1990	300	0.3
1991 to 2000	415	0.4
2001 to 2010	1,685	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,680	2.5
2011 to 2015	1,290	1.2
2016 to 2021	1,385	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,290	2.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,515	100.0
Under 5 years	745	13.5
5 to 14 years	1,065	19.3
15 to 24 years	820	14.9
25 to 44 years	2,535	46.0
45 years and over	360	6.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,515	100.0
Americas	1,550	28.1
Brazil	95	1.7
Colombia	695	12.6
El Salvador	0	0.0
Guyana	0	0.0
Haiti	200	3.6
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	105	1.9
Peru	35	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0.0
United States of America	95	1.7
Other places of birth in Americas	320	5.8
Europe	1,160	21.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	0.5
Croatia	10	0.2
France	695	12.6
Germany	50	0.9
Greece	55	1.0
Hungary	0	0.0
Italy	15	0.3
Netherlands	0	0.0
Poland	0	0.0
Portugal	10	0.2
Romania	35	0.6
Russian Federation	15	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	205	3.7
Africa	2,110	38.3
Algeria	240	4.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	210	3.8
Egypt	15	0.3
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	365	6.6
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,275	23.1
Asia	695	12.6
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0.3
Iraq	45	0.8
Lebanon	85	1.5
Syria⁸⁹	95	1.7
Turkey	15	0.3
China⁹⁰	160	2.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0.3
Taiwan	35	0.6
Philippines	65	1.2
Viet Nam	80	1.5
Bangladesh	0	0.0
India	15	0.3
Pakistan	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	1.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,385	100.0
Americas	245	17.7
Brazil	15	1.1
Colombia	75	5.4
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Mexico	45	3.2
United States of America	20	1.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0.7
Other places of birth in Americas	80	5.8
Europe	180	13.0
France	105	7.6
Germany	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	55	4.0
Africa	725	52.3
Algeria	50	3.6
Burundi	20	1.4
Cameroon	155	11.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	3.6
Côte d'Ivoire	160	11.6
Egypt	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	45	3.2
Nigeria	0	0.0
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	35	2.5
Other places of birth in Africa	200	14.4
Asia	230	16.6
Afghanistan	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Lebanon	30	2.2
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0.0
Philippines	35	2.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	80	5.8
Turkey	10	0.7
United Arab Emirates	0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	108,840	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,205	7.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,245	3.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	96,390	88.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,080	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,620	51.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,205	23.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,415	27.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,150	22.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,300	25.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,080	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	135	2.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	415	8.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	195	3.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	365	7.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,940	77.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	108,840	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,570	7.0
South Asian	185	0.2
Chinese	430	0.4
Black	3,510	3.2
Filipino	115	0.1
Arab	1,295	1.2
Latin American	1,500	1.4
Southeast Asian	275	0.3
West Asian	55	0.1
Korean	10	0.0
Japanese	35	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	60	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	101,275	93.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	108,845	100.0
Canadian	41,005	37.7
English	955	0.9
Irish	3,440	3.2
Scottish	1,520	1.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	25,335	23.3
German	1,165	1.1
Chinese	425	0.4
Italian	980	0.9
Indian (India)	260	0.2
Ukrainian	125	0.1
Dutch	100	0.1
Polish	230	0.2
Québécois	15,150	13.9
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	140	0.1
Filipino	70	0.1
French Canadian	10,145	9.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,505	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,745	1.6
Métis	460	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,200	2.9
Russian	75	0.1
Norwegian	80	0.1
Welsh	15	0.0
Portuguese	175	0.2
American	620	0.6
Spanish	575	0.5
Swedish	30	0.0
Hungarian	45	0.0
Acadian	1,140	1.0
Pakistani	10	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	715	0.7
Jewish	75	0.1
Punjabi	0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	635	0.6
Greek	210	0.2
Jamaican	25	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	120	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	60	0.1
Korean	10	0.0
Romanian	120	0.1
Lebanese	255	0.2
Iranian	70	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	985	0.9
Danish	25	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	485	0.4
Sikh	0	0.0
Austrian	45	0.0
Belgian	470	0.4
Haitian	380	0.3
Hindu	0	0.0
Mexican	250	0.2
Mennonite	0	0.0
Swiss	185	0.2
Finnish	0	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0.0
Croatian	45	0.0
Japanese	30	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	135	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	15	0.0
Muslim	75	0.1
Egyptian	95	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	0.2
Tamil	10	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Colombian	830	0.8
Moroccan	415	0.4
Czech	0	0.0
Syrian	130	0.1
Guyanese	10	0.0
Afghan	0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	0.1
Serbian	20	0.0
Ojibway	0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0.0
Ontarian	60	0.1
Persian	0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0.0
Turkish	25	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	0.0
Bangladeshi	40	0.0
Algerian	270	0.2
Brazilian	170	0.2
Nigerian	0	0.0
Armenian	10	0.0
Slovak	10	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	0.0
Iraqi	55	0.1
Salvadorean	35	0.0
African Caribbean	10	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	0.0
Algonquin	345	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	0.0
South African	0	0.0
Australian	10	0.0
Palestinian	20	0.0
Chilean	70	0.1
Congolese	335	0.3
Nova Scotian	10	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	0.0
Peruvian	60	0.1
Yoruba	0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	55	0.1
Berber	220	0.2
Albanian	0	0.0
Maltese	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Slovenian	15	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	0.0
New Brunswicker	70	0.1
Gujarati	0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0.0
African Canadian	20	0.0
Israeli	0	0.0
Mohawk	65	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	0.0
Albertan	0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0.0
African American	40	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	0.0
Tunisian	210	0.2
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0.0
Cuban	90	0.1
Bosnian	0	0.0
Venezuelan	50	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	250	0.2
Latvian	0	0.0
Bengali	35	0.0
Cameroonian	225	0.2
Guatemalan	55	0.1
Indonesian	20	0.0
Laotian	35	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0.0
British Columbian	10	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0.0
Argentinian	35	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Jatt	0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Thai	30	0.0
Dominican	90	0.1
Nepali	0	0.0
Kabyle	60	0.1
Assyrian	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0
Abenaki	555	0.5
Moldovan	0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	120	0.1
New Zealander	0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0
Breton	240	0.2
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	55	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	140	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0.0
Gaspesian	125	0.1
Norman	150	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0.0
Ivorian	265	0.2
Saulteaux	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0.0
Burundian	150	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0.0
Mauritian	120	0.1
Kenyan	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0.0
Manitoban	35	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0.0
Malayali	0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0.0
Mayan	10	0.0
Honduran	60	0.1
Cherokee	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0.0
Flemish	25	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0
Senegalese	160	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Goan	0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Azorean	0	0.0
Atikamekw	420	0.4
Bamileke	90	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0.0
Central African	145	0.1
Libyan	0	0.0
Basque	30	0.0
Uruguayan	15	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	30	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55	0.1
Igorot	0	0.0
Fulani	95	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	55	0.1
St. Lucian	0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	15	0.0
Beninese	45	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Roma	0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	145	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0.0
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Tajik	0	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	108,845	100.0
Buddhist	130	0.1
Christian	76,595	70.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,815	4.4
Anabaptist	20	0.0
Anglican	55	0.1
Baptist	295	0.3
Catholic	69,540	63.9
Christian Orthodox	270	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	395	0.4
Latter Day Saints	20	0.0
Lutheran	45	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	270	0.2
Presbyterian	25	0.0
Reformed	0	0.0
United Church	10	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	805	0.7
Hindu	65	0.1
Jewish	35	0.0
Muslim	2,125	2.0
Sikh	0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	350	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	29,535	27.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	107,965	100.0
Non-movers	93,530	86.6
Movers	14,435	13.4
Non-migrants	9,660	8.9
Migrants	4,775	4.4
Internal migrants	4,220	3.9
Intraprovincial migrants	4,060	3.8
Interprovincial migrants	155	0.1
External migrants	560	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,100	100.0
Non-movers	60,405	58.0
Movers	43,695	42.0
Non-migrants	25,215	24.2
Migrants	18,480	17.8
Internal migrants	15,465	14.9
Intraprovincial migrants	14,920	14.3
Interprovincial migrants	550	0.5
External migrants	3,015	2.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,660	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,160	19.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	75,505	80.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,705	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,990	14.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,715	85.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,660	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,145	17.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,035	22.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,480	60.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,490	40.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,780	16.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,660	12.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,125	4.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,965	19.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,745	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,990	20.3
Bachelor's degree	12,295	13.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,440	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	630	0.7
Master's degree	3,770	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	850	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,700	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,580	12.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,975	16.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,145	71.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,110	45.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,270	20.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,405	15.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,860	5.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,620	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,220	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,040	25.7
Bachelor's degree	8,885	16.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,005	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	520	1.0
Master's degree	3,020	5.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	615	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	93,660	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,180	39.7
Education	4,785	5.1
13. Education	4,785	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,550	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	220	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,330	1.4
Humanities	2,975	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	335	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	125	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,375	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	160	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	0.2
54. History	270	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	495	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,490	4.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	670	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	785	0.8
22. Legal professions and studies	610	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	135	0.1
42. Psychology	1,505	1.6
45. Social sciences	725	0.8
Business, management and public administration	13,215	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	755	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,460	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,225	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	710	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	230	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	510	0.5
40. Physical sciences	610	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	165	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,805	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,425	1.5
25. Library science	225	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,905	12.7
04. Architecture and related services	340	0.4
14. Engineering	1,835	2.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,540	2.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,575	2.7
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,625	2.8
48. Precision production	1,990	2.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,110	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	550	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	555	0.6
Health and related fields	8,065	8.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	600	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,125	7.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	320	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,340	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,210	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0.0
43. Security and protective services	970	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,140	1.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,705	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,555	28.4
Education	2,775	5.1
13. Education	2,775	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,100	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	930	1.7
Humanities	1,600	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	235	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	80	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	665	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	0.1
54. History	185	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	270	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,330	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	550	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	580	1.1
22. Legal professions and studies	450	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	0.2
42. Psychology	1,115	2.0
45. Social sciences	485	0.9
Business, management and public administration	9,370	17.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	545	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,830	16.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,215	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	525	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100	0.2
40. Physical sciences	405	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,405	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,210	2.2
25. Library science	110	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,375	15.3
04. Architecture and related services	270	0.5
14. Engineering	1,495	2.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,805	3.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,755	3.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,720	3.1
48. Precision production	1,330	2.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	875	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	440	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	440	0.8
Health and related fields	5,825	10.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	470	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,050	9.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	280	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,270	6.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,675	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0.0
43. Security and protective services	735	1.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	855	1.6
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,705	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,555	28.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	39,150	71.6
Location of study inside Canada	36,915	67.5
Same as province or territory of residence	36,435	66.6
Different than province or territory of residence	480	0.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,235	4.1
Americas	615	1.1
United States of America	65	0.1
Mexico	80	0.1
Cuba	35	0.1
Haiti	10	0.0
Jamaica	0	0.0
Brazil	105	0.2
Colombia	230	0.4
Peru	0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	60	0.1
Europe	655	1.2
Belgium	30	0.1
France	465	0.9
Germany	35	0.1
Netherlands	0	0.0
Switzerland	25	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0.0
Poland	0	0.0
Romania	0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0.0
Ukraine	20	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Italy	0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0.0
Africa	710	1.3
Nigeria	0	0.0
Algeria	145	0.3
Morocco	90	0.2
Tunisia	95	0.2
Egypt	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	375	0.7
Asia	250	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	25	0.0
Iraq	0	0.0
Israel	0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0.0
Turkey	0	0.0
China⁹⁰	70	0.1
Taiwan	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Philippines	30	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0.0
India	50	0.1
Pakistan	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0.0
Oceania	0	0.0
Australia	0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	93,660	...
In the labour force	53,835	...
Employed	49,950	...
Unemployed	3,885	...
Not in the labour force	39,820	...
Participation rate	57.5	57.5
Employment rate	53.3	53.3
Unemployment rate	7.2	7.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	93,660	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	39,240	41.9
Worked	54,420	58.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,495	29.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,920	28.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,835	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,355	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,480	97.5
Employee	47,620	88.5
Permanent position	39,540	73.4
Temporary position	8,085	15.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,725	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,355	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,865	9.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,835	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,355	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,480	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	710	1.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,445	15.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,150	5.9
3 Health occupations	5,585	10.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,125	13.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,270	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	15,040	27.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,120	15.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	460	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,580	4.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,835	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,355	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	52,480	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	385	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	105	0.2
22 Utilities	585	1.1
23 Construction	2,970	5.5
31-33 Manufacturing	5,700	10.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,180	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	7,335	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,000	3.7
51 Information and cultural industries	1,055	2.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,525	2.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	605	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,735	5.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,935	3.6
61 Educational services	4,445	8.3
62 Health care and social assistance	9,760	18.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	725	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	3,715	6.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,535	4.7
91 Public administration	3,180	5.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,695	100.0
English	485	0.8
French	50,770	88.0
Non-official language	70	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0.0
Non-Indigenous	65	0.1
English and French	6,025	10.4
English and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	180	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,695	100.0
Single responses	56,855	98.5
Official languages	56,725	98.3
English	1,255	2.2
French	55,465	96.1
Non-official languages	130	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0.0
Atikamekw	10	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	20	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	0.1
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0.0
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	0.1
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	65	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0.0
Chinese languages	25	0.0
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	25	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	845	1.5
English and French	790	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,695	100.0
None	52,140	90.4
English	4,515	7.8
French	785	1.4
Non-official language	135	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	130	0.2
English and French	20	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	49,950	100.0
Worked at home	7,670	15.4
Worked outside Canada	70	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,885	9.8
Usual place of work	37,325	74.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,325	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	29,815	79.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	335	0.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,160	19.2
Commute to a different province or territory	25	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,210	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,730	89.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,735	84.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,995	4.7
Public transit	1,150	2.7
Walked	2,420	5.7
Bicycle	325	0.8
Other method	585	1.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,210	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,500	50.9
15 to 29 minutes	13,880	32.9
30 to 44 minutes	4,410	10.4
45 to 59 minutes	1,055	2.5
60 minutes and over	1,370	3.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,210	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,810	4.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,250	14.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,985	33.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,545	22.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,970	9.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,645	15.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,425	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,000	10.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,425	89.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,295	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,555	11.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,180	8.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	370	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,745	88.3

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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