Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Aurora--Oak Ridges--Richmond HillMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	118,883
Population, 2016¹	115,227
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.2
Total private dwellings²	38,768
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	37,573
Population density per square kilometre	1,258.4
Land area in square kilometres	94.47
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	118,885
0 to 14 years	19,705
0 to 4 years	4,860
5 to 9 years	6,580
10 to 14 years	8,260
15 to 64 years	82,595
15 to 19 years	9,105
20 to 24 years	7,830
25 to 29 years	6,305
30 to 34 years	5,975
35 to 39 years	6,745
40 to 44 years	7,990
45 to 49 years	10,125
50 to 54 years	10,940
55 to 59 years	9,820
60 to 64 years	7,760
65 years and over	16,585
65 to 69 years	5,390
70 to 74 years	4,225
75 to 79 years	2,800
80 to 84 years	2,040
85 years and over	2,130
85 to 89 years	1,255
90 to 94 years	650
95 to 99 years	185
100 years and over	40
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6
15 to 64 years	69.5
65 years and over	14.0
85 years and over	1.8
Average age of the population	40.5
Median age of the population	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,575
Single-detached house	25,700
Semi-detached house	1,830
Row house	7,225
Apartment or flat in a duplex	810
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,035
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	980
Other single-attached house	0
Movable dwelling⁴	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,570
1 person	4,425
2 persons	9,360
3 persons	8,680
4 persons	9,715
5 or more persons	5,400
Number of persons in private households	117,885
Average household size	3.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	99,180
Married or living common-law	61,680
Married	58,200
Living common-law	3,480
Living common law - Never married	2,235
Living common law - Separated	155
Living common law - Divorced	1,010
Living common law - Widowed	75
Not married and not living common-law	37,500
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,525
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,895
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,155
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,925
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,510
2 persons	11,995
3 persons	9,470
4 persons	10,125
5 or more persons	2,920
Average size of census families	3.1
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,510
Total couple families	30,015
Married couples	28,275
With children⁶	19,800
Without children	8,475
Common-law couples	1,735
With children⁶	730
Without children	1,010
Total one-parent families	4,500
in which the parent is a woman+	3,625
in which the parent is a man+	875
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	117,885
Total - Persons in census families	108,130
Married spouses or common-law partners	60,025
Parents in one-parent families	4,495
Children⁶	43,610
In a two-parent family	36,555
In a one-parent family	7,060
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,750
Living alone	4,425
Living with other relatives⁷	3,320
Living with non-relatives only	2,005
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,570
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,580
Couple-family households	24,350
With children⁶	17,255
Without children	7,100
One-parent-family households	3,230
Multigenerational households⁸	2,865
Multiple-census-family households⁹	525
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,420
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	750
One-person households	4,425
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	98,205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,245
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,270
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,500
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,295
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,590
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,945
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,350
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,945
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,880
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,900
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,215
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,060
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,350
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,285
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,735
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,830
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,080
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,775
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	78,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	102,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,965
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	98,205
Without total income	4,965
With total income	93,245
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,205
$10,000 to $19,999	12,175
$20,000 to $29,999	13,780
$30,000 to $39,999	9,820
$40,000 to $49,999	7,450
$50,000 to $59,999	6,000
$60,000 to $69,999	5,035
$70,000 to $79,999	4,465
$80,000 to $89,999	3,835
$90,000 to $99,999	3,430
$100,000 and over	16,050
$100,000 to $149,999	10,010
$150,000 and over	6,040
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	98,205
Without after-tax income	4,935
With after-tax income	93,275
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,600
$10,000 to $19,999	12,775
$20,000 to $29,999	15,185
$30,000 to $39,999	10,915
$40,000 to $49,999	8,495
$50,000 to $59,999	6,965
$60,000 to $69,999	5,800
$70,000 to $79,999	4,860
$80,000 to $89,999	4,570
$90,000 to $99,999	3,105
$100,000 and over	8,995
$100,000 to $124,999	4,305
$125,000 and over	4,690
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	98,205
Without employment income	28,910
With employment income	69,300
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,580
$5,000 to $9,999	6,925
$10,000 to $19,999	7,395
$20,000 to $29,999	4,920
$30,000 to $39,999	4,530
$40,000 to $49,999	4,335
$50,000 to $59,999	4,030
$60,000 to $69,999	3,790
$70,000 to $79,999	3,530
$80,000 to $89,999	3,005
$90,000 to $99,999	3,060
$100,000 and over	13,200
$100,000 to $124,999	5,550
$125,000 and over	7,645
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	98,205
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,170
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,200
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,625
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,360
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,435
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,165
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,945
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,860
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,870
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,565
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,240
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,265
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,295
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,480
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	94,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,305
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	93.0
Employment income (%)	78.8
Government transfers (%)	7.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,575
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	123,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,425
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,145
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,545
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	158,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	123,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,490
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,700
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,150
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,060
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	170,600
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,575
Under $5,000	420
$5,000 to $9,999	175
$10,000 to $14,999	270
$15,000 to $19,999	395
$20,000 to $24,999	680
$25,000 to $29,999	590
$30,000 to $34,999	750
$35,000 to $39,999	810
$40,000 to $44,999	880
$45,000 to $49,999	830
$50,000 to $59,999	1,795
$60,000 to $69,999	1,805
$70,000 to $79,999	1,845
$80,000 to $89,999	1,810
$90,000 to $99,999	1,705
$100,000 and over	22,810
$100,000 to $124,999	4,245
$125,000 to $149,999	3,805
$150,000 to $199,999	5,950
$200,000 and over	8,815
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,575
Under $5,000	525
$5,000 to $9,999	190
$10,000 to $14,999	275
$15,000 to $19,999	420
$20,000 to $24,999	725
$25,000 to $29,999	685
$30,000 to $34,999	795
$35,000 to $39,999	900
$40,000 to $44,999	995
$45,000 to $49,999	995
$50,000 to $59,999	2,125
$60,000 to $69,999	2,205
$70,000 to $79,999	2,235
$80,000 to $89,999	2,220
$90,000 to $99,999	2,180
$100,000 and over	20,105
$100,000 to $124,999	5,085
$125,000 to $149,999	4,310
$150,000 and over	10,710
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,855
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000
Average family size of economic families	3.4
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,380
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	20,575
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,950
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,430
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,745
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	169,800
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,415
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	145,400
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,535
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	192,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,925
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	102,300
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,600
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,490
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	57,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	117,880
0 to 17 years	25,150
0 to 5 years	6,000
18 to 64 years	76,985
65 years and over	15,750
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,460
0 to 17 years	2,760
0 to 5 years	670
18 to 64 years	5,915
65 years and over	1,785
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.9
0 to 17 years (%)	11.0
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7
65 years and over (%)	11.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	117,885
0 to 17 years	25,155
0 to 5 years	6,000
18 to 64 years	76,980
65 years and over	15,745
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,505
0 to 17 years	1,680
0 to 5 years	375
18 to 64 years	4,050
65 years and over	775
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7
0 to 5 years (%)	6.3
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3
65 years and over (%)	4.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	117,880
In bottom half of the distribution	43,625
In bottom decile	9,360
In second decile	8,125
In third decile	8,305
In fourth decile	8,660
In fifth decile	9,180
In top half of the distribution	74,255
In sixth decile	9,780
In seventh decile	11,560
In eighth decile	13,365
In ninth decile	16,670
In top decile	22,890
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	117,885
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.376
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.465
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.322
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.2
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	118,050
English only	102,000
French only	55
English and French	9,945
Neither English nor French	6,050
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	118,050
English	109,770
French	925
English and French	1,390
Neither English nor French	5,960
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	118,050
Single responses	110,890
Official languages	49,165
English	48,400
French	765
Non-official languages	61,725
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	61,725
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,130
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	5
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	15
Cushitic languages	85
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	80
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	2,025
Amharic	10
Arabic	1,560
Aramaic languages	60
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	380
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	340
Khmer (Cambodian)	25
Vietnamese	310
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5
Austronesian languages	1,010
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	20
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	20
Ilocano	75
Indonesian	90
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	765
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	55
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	10
Krio	0
Morisyen	35
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	990
Kannada	30
Malayalam	165
Tamil	710
Telugu	85
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	20
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	27,455
Albanian	120
Armenian	360
Balto-Slavic languages	5,940
Baltic languages	50
Latvian	20
Lithuanian	35
Slavic languages	5,890
Belarusian	10
Bulgarian	100
Czech	30
Macedonian	185
Polish	380
Russian	4,700
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	220
Bosnian	15
Croatian	95
Serbian	105
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	25
Ukrainian	210
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	550
Frisian	0
High German languages	395
German	365
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	15
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	115
Afrikaans	15
Dutch	100
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	45
Danish	20
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	720
Indo-Iranian languages	14,160
Indo-Aryan languages	2,955
Assamese	0
Bengali	165
Gujarati	715
Hindi	415
Kacchi	210
Kashmiri	10
Konkani	10
Marathi	20
Nepali	10
Oriya languages	5
Odia	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	230
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	115
Urdu	1,020
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10
Iranian languages	11,210
Baluchi	40
Kurdish	135
Parsi	10
Pashto	40
Persian languages	10,970
Dari	830
Iranian Persian	9,110
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,035
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,600
Catalan	0
Italian	2,840
Portuguese	530
Romanian	885
Spanish	1,335
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5
Japanese	110
Korean	2,200
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	190
Akan (Twi)	40
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	5
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	5
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	70
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	26,050
Chinese languages	26,020
Hakka	155
Mandarin	14,875
Min Dong	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	225
Wu (Shanghainese)	190
Yue (Cantonese)	10,465
Chinese, n.o.s.	75
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	25
Burmese	15
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5
Tai-Kadai languages	65
Lao	40
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	650
Azerbaijani	180
Kazakh	0
Turkish	445
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	455
Estonian	40
Finnish	35
Hungarian	380
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	7,160
English and French	420
English and non-official language(s)	5,785
French and non-official language(s)	135
English, French and non-official language(s)	240
Multiple non-official languages	565
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	118,050
English	52,435
French	190
Non-official language	21,220
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	21,220
English and French	985
English and non-official language(s)	39,985
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,630
Multiple non-official languages	1,570
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	118,050
Single responses	109,380
Official languages	69,005
English	68,695
French	305
Non-official languages	40,380
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	925
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	10
Cushitic languages	35
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	885
Amharic	0
Arabic	685
Aramaic languages	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	160
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	145
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	425
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	10
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	40
Indonesian	35
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	320
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	25
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	20
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	560
Kannada	15
Malayalam	95
Tamil	410
Telugu	40
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	15,580
Albanian	45
Armenian	190
Balto-Slavic languages	3,525
Baltic languages	20
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	3,510
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	40
Czech	5
Macedonian	65
Polish	145
Russian	3,095
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	65
Bosnian	5
Croatian	10
Serbian	55
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	85
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	60
Frisian	0
High German languages	50
German	50
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	190
Indo-Iranian languages	9,770
Indo-Aryan languages	1,530
Assamese	0
Bengali	80
Gujarati	360
Hindi	190
Kacchi	75
Kashmiri	5
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65
Urdu	630
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	8,240
Baluchi	20
Kurdish	95
Parsi	5
Pashto	30
Persian languages	8,090
Dari	530
Iranian Persian	6,740
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	820
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,790
Catalan	0
Italian	510
Portuguese	185
Romanian	415
Spanish	675
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10
Japanese	40
Korean	1,615
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	45
Akan (Twi)	15
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	15
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	20,345
Chinese languages	20,340
Hakka	55
Mandarin	12,075
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	135
Yue (Cantonese)	7,960
Chinese, n.o.s.	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30
Lao	25
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	425
Azerbaijani	115
Kazakh	0
Turkish	310
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	165
Estonian	10
Finnish	10
Hungarian	145
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	8,670
English and French	200
English and non-official language(s)	8,160
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	120
Multiple non-official languages	165
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	118,055
None	81,010
English	15,645
French	1,115
Non-official language	15,790
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	15,790
English and French	275
English and non-official language(s)	1,895
French and non-official language(s)	760
English, French and non-official language(s)	40
Multiple non-official languages	1,510
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	117,590
Official languages	111,485
English	111,415
French	10,065
Non-official languages	76,955
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	76,955
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,195
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	10
Hausa	10
Mina	0
Coptic	55
Cushitic languages	105
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	105
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	4,070
Amharic	15
Arabic	2,515
Aramaic languages	80
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	1,455
Maltese	25
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	530
Khmer (Cambodian)	30
Vietnamese	505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,385
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20
Cebuano	50
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	95
Indonesian	90
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,150
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20
Creole languages	135
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	80
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30
Dravidian languages	1,460
Kannada	70
Malayalam	290
Tamil	1,015
Telugu	230
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	36,750
Albanian	170
Armenian	490
Balto-Slavic languages	7,540
Baltic languages	105
Latvian	65
Lithuanian	40
Slavic languages	7,465
Belarusian	45
Bulgarian	145
Czech	50
Macedonian	345
Polish	490
Russian	6,170
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	340
Bosnian	40
Croatian	165
Serbian	190
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	30
Ukrainian	705
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	30
Irish	20
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,325
Frisian	0
High German languages	975
German	935
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	50
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	255
Afrikaans	95
Dutch	175
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	135
Danish	40
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	35
Swedish	70
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10
Greek	1,325
Indo-Iranian languages	18,400
Indo-Aryan languages	5,175
Assamese	0
Bengali	265
Gujarati	1,465
Hindi	1,880
Kacchi	515
Kashmiri	40
Konkani	30
Marathi	65
Nepali	65
Oriya languages	30
Odia	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	660
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	155
Urdu	2,050
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25
Iranian languages	13,440
Baluchi	60
Kurdish	150
Parsi	15
Pashto	140
Persian languages	13,265
Dari	840
Iranian Persian	11,550
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,025
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,605
Catalan	0
Italian	4,675
Portuguese	730
Romanian	990
Spanish	2,570
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	390
Korean	2,740
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	585
Akan (Twi)	25
Bamanankan	0
Edo	10
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	30
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	345
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	70
American Sign Language	55
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	30,675
Chinese languages	30,645
Hakka	195
Mandarin	20,510
Min Dong	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	400
Wu (Shanghainese)	285
Yue (Cantonese)	14,310
Chinese, n.o.s.	60
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	30
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	95
Lao	55
Thai	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10
Turkic languages	1,200
Azerbaijani	400
Kazakh	0
Turkish	895
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25
Uralic languages	590
Estonian	40
Finnish	60
Hungarian	490
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,590
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	345
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	305
First Nations (North American Indian)	150
Métis	150
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25
Non-Indigenous identity	117,250
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,590
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	90
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	117,500
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,545
Owner	31,830
Renter	5,715
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,545
Condominium	2,840
Not condominium	34,705
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,545
No bedrooms	100
1 bedroom	1,515
2 bedrooms	2,325
3 bedrooms	11,520
4 or more bedrooms	22,085
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,545
1 to 4 rooms	5,180
5 rooms	5,275
6 rooms	5,700
7 rooms	6,100
8 or more rooms	15,300
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,545
One person or fewer per room	36,765
More than one person per room	780
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,545
Suitable	36,060
Not suitable	1,485
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,545
1960 or before	1,635
1961 to 1980	2,345
1981 to 1990	3,980
1991 to 2000	8,860
2001 to 2005	7,910
2006 to 2010	5,595
2011 to 2015	4,240
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,970
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,545
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,440
Major repairs needed	1,105
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,545
One-maintainer household	14,065
Two-maintainer household	20,755
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,725
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,545
15 to 24 years	205
25 to 34 years	2,640
35 to 44 years	6,475
45 to 54 years	10,990
55 to 64 years	9,545
65 to 74 years	4,770
75 to 84 years	2,090
85 years and over	825
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	37,375
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,090
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,285
30% to less than 100%	10,130
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,545
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,990
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,495
Not suitable only	1,050
Major repairs needed only	590
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	340
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	420
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30
Acceptable housing	23,555
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,220
In core need	3,960
Not in core need	31,260
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,830
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.3
% in core housing need⁶³	8.4
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,280
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,436
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,290,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,348,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,715
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.5
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	52.7
% in core housing need⁶³	28.1
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,260
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,168
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	117,590
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	35
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	35
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	30
Métis single ancestry	0
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	530
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	500
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	335
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	117,025
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	117,590
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	102,195
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,980
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,215
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	15,395
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	117,590
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	54,155
Immigrants⁸¹	60,850
Before 1980	7,160
1980 to 1990	6,720
1991 to 2000	15,860
2001 to 2010	16,720
2011 to 2021⁸²	14,395
2011 to 2015	7,965
2016 to 2021	6,430
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,580
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	60,850
Under 5 years	5,020
5 to 14 years	9,775
15 to 24 years	9,720
25 to 44 years	29,515
45 years and over	6,825
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	60,850
Americas	3,500
Brazil	150
Colombia	200
El Salvador	85
Guyana	385
Haiti	20
Jamaica	560
Mexico	180
Peru	120
Trinidad and Tobago	330
United States of America	775
Other places of birth in Americas	695
Europe	10,210
Bosnia and Herzegovina	65
Croatia	60
France	75
Germany	375
Greece	430
Hungary	215
Italy	1,505
Netherlands	75
Poland	355
Portugal	275
Romania	780
Russian Federation	1,720
Serbia⁸⁶	80
Ukraine	1,250
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,395
Other places of birth in Europe	1,545
Africa	2,895
Algeria	40
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40
Egypt	940
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	20
Morocco	85
Nigeria	150
Somalia	105
South Africa, Republic of	180
Other places of birth in Africa	1,345
Asia	44,150
Afghanistan	545
Iran⁸⁸	9,640
Iraq	405
Lebanon	260
Syria⁸⁹	130
Turkey	315
China⁹⁰	15,520
Hong Kong⁹¹	5,895
Korea, South⁹²	1,945
Taiwan	445
Philippines	1,260
Viet Nam	760
Bangladesh	170
India	2,080
Pakistan	1,065
Sri Lanka	705
Other places of birth in Asia	3,015
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,425
Americas	375
Brazil	45
Colombia	35
Haiti	0
Jamaica	20
Mexico	45
United States of America	165
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	60
Europe	475
France	0
Germany	10
Ireland⁹⁶	20
Italy	0
Russian Federation	105
Ukraine	95
United Kingdom⁸⁷	85
Other places of birth in Europe	160
Africa	230
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	65
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	85
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	30
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	30
Asia	5,330
Afghanistan	50
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	2,705
Hong Kong⁹¹	200
India	290
Iran⁸⁸	1,050
Iraq	0
Israel	85
Japan	10
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	120
Lebanon	35
Nepal	0
Pakistan	125
Philippines	170
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	95
Turkey	110
United Arab Emirates	50
Viet Nam	50
Other places of birth in Asia	160
Oceania and other⁹³	20
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	117,595
First generation¹⁰⁰	64,705
Second generation¹⁰¹	33,590
Third generation or more¹⁰²	19,300
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	53,690
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	35,800
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	13,735
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	22,070
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	12,040
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,155
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	700
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	53,690
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,800
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,855
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,920
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,180
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	210
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	42,725
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	117,595
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	69,640
South Asian	8,840
Chinese	33,415
Black	2,355
Filipino	1,695
Arab	2,060
Latin American	1,280
Southeast Asian	700
West Asian	12,890
Korean	2,980
Japanese	295
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	900
Multiple visible minorities	2,230
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	47,950
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	117,590
Canadian	6,885
English	7,770
Irish	6,060
Scottish	5,915
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,450
German	3,190
Chinese	30,465
Italian	11,740
Indian (India)	5,030
Ukrainian	2,645
Dutch	1,155
Polish	2,325
Québécois	60
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,005
Filipino	1,785
French Canadian	550
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	935
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	125
Métis	195
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,105
Russian	4,535
Norwegian	225
Welsh	660
Portuguese	1,315
American	535
Spanish	1,045
Swedish	175
Hungarian	830
Acadian	65
Pakistani	1,500
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	735
Jewish	3,255
Punjabi	140
Vietnamese	720
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	735
Greek	2,610
Jamaican	930
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,995
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20
Korean	3,040
Romanian	1,220
Lebanese	420
Iranian	9,760
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	920
Danish	190
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	70
Sikh	100
Austrian	415
Belgian	95
Haitian	30
Hindu	540
Mexican	280
Mennonite	15
Swiss	185
Finnish	355
Sri Lankan	550
Croatian	230
Japanese	525
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	860
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	125
Muslim	695
Egyptian	1,165
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	310
Tamil	580
Icelandic	20
Colombian	240
Moroccan	220
Czech	180
Syrian	230
Guyanese	490
Afghan	910
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	325
Serbian	180
Ojibway	55
Newfoundlander	45
Hong Konger	2,470
Ontarian	145
Persian	3,355
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	250
Turkish	680
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	205
Algerian	55
Brazilian	170
Nigerian	145
Armenian	610
Slovak	160
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	315
Somali	165
Taiwanese	455
Iraqi	345
Salvadorean	40
African Caribbean	160
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	420
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	525
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	230
Algonquin	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	240
Lithuanian	155
South African	225
Australian	75
Palestinian	225
Chilean	50
Congolese	45
Nova Scotian	25
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	175
Peruvian	110
Yoruba	70
Cambodian (Khmer)	30
Berber	30
Albanian	195
Maltese	195
Macedonian	625
Slovenian	145
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50
New Brunswicker	30
Gujarati	110
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	40
Israeli	770
Mohawk	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45
Bulgarian	255
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	45
Barbadian	65
African American	40
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	120
Tunisian	20
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	275
Cuban	90
Bosnian	65
Venezuelan	75
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	165
Bengali	60
Cameroonian	25
Guatemalan	30
Indonesian	95
Laotian	55
Ilocano	105
Northern Irish	60
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	55
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	95
Franco Ontarian	15
Argentinian	115
Estonian	160
Kurdish	160
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60
Coptic	595
Thai	40
Dominican	75
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	110
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	335
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	160
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	30
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15
Malaysian	90
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10
Huron (Wendat)	40
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	90
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	230
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	20
Mauritian	45
Kenyan	155
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	45
Jordanian	25
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	30
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	35
Malayali	50
Chaldean	40
Sinhalese	120
Mayan	15
Honduran	30
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	35
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	30
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	350
Sicilian	45
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	90
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	20
Mongolian	100
Azorean	25
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	65
Ugandan	50
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	170
Yemeni	40
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	50
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	15
Prince Edward Islander	20
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	30
Roma	45
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	30
Singaporean	35
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	30
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	117,590
Buddhist	2,185
Christian	49,755
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,360
Anabaptist	55
Anglican	2,290
Baptist	830
Catholic	24,545
Christian Orthodox	6,745
Jehovah's Witness	235
Latter Day Saints	75
Lutheran	355
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	475
Presbyterian	1,315
Reformed	115
United Church	1,830
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,405
Hindu	2,730
Jewish	4,355
Muslim	13,705
Sikh	425
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	880
No religion and secular perspectives	43,540
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	116,760
Non-movers	105,155
Movers	11,600
Non-migrants	4,890
Migrants	6,715
Internal migrants	5,095
Intraprovincial migrants	4,755
Interprovincial migrants	345
External migrants	1,620
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	112,760
Non-movers	75,895
Movers	36,865
Non-migrants	9,895
Migrants	26,970
Internal migrants	19,555
Intraprovincial migrants	17,970
Interprovincial migrants	1,585
External migrants	7,420
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,945
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,365
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	86,585
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,225
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,685
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,540
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,945
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,710
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	64,475
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,965
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,980
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,545
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,440
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,610
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,375
Bachelor's degree or higher	43,505
Bachelor's degree	28,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,680
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,285
Master's degree	9,690
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,420
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,230
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,330
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,705
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	52,190
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,955
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,005
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	985
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,020
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,350
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,605
Bachelor's degree or higher	36,235
Bachelor's degree	23,185
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,185
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,085
Master's degree	8,660
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,120
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,950
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	33,475
Education	3,020
13. Education	3,020
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,245
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140
50. Visual and performing arts	2,100
Humanities	3,645
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	705
23. English language and literature/letters	855
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	985
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200
39. Theology and religious vocations	185
54. History	450
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	195
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,070
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	675
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	955
22. Legal professions and studies	1,385
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150
42. Psychology	1,345
45. Social sciences	3,485
Business, management and public administration	16,435
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40
44. Public administration and social service professions	600
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,800
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,880
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,530
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	820
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	130
40. Physical sciences	1,275
41. Science technologies/technicians	130
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,305
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,030
25. Library science	75
27. Mathematics and statistics	995
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	205
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,715
04. Architecture and related services	695
14. Engineering	7,600
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,015
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,120
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	940
48. Precision production	345
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	750
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	470
03. Natural resources and conservation	280
Health and related fields	6,575
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	730
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,505
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	320
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,815
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,130
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15
43. Security and protective services	455
49. Transportation and materials moving	210
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	65,225
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,040
Education	2,285
13. Education	2,285
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,810
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115
50. Visual and performing arts	1,700
Humanities	2,855
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	595
23. English language and literature/letters	670
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	775
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165
39. Theology and religious vocations	140
54. History	335
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	150
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,505
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	510
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	770
22. Legal professions and studies	1,155
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105
42. Psychology	1,050
45. Social sciences	2,845
Business, management and public administration	13,835
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	485
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,330
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,855
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,100
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	590
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	115
40. Physical sciences	965
41. Science technologies/technicians	80
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,660
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,655
25. Library science	60
27. Mathematics and statistics	765
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	185
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,165
04. Architecture and related services	575
14. Engineering	6,395
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,535
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	775
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	650
48. Precision production	230
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	605
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	385
03. Natural resources and conservation	215
Health and related fields	5,190
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	575
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,340
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	260
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,420
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	905
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	350
49. Transportation and materials moving	150
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	65,225
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,040
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	52,185
Location of study inside Canada	32,030
Same as province or territory of residence	29,905
Different than province or territory of residence	2,120
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	20,155
Americas	1,975
United States of America	1,450
Mexico	75
Cuba	20
Haiti	0
Jamaica	40
Brazil	65
Colombia	80
Peru	55
Venezuela⁹⁵	45
Other locations of study in Americas	145
Europe	3,775
Belgium	10
France	105
Germany	90
Netherlands	50
Switzerland	20
Hungary	55
Moldova¹⁸³	75
Poland	115
Romania	380
Russian Federation	760
Ukraine	540
Ireland⁹⁶	50
United Kingdom⁸⁷	925
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35
Italy	35
Serbia⁸⁶	15
Other locations of study in Europe	510
Africa	725
Nigeria	85
Algeria	0
Morocco	10
Tunisia	0
Egypt	515
South Africa, Republic of	70
Other locations of study in Africa	50
Asia	13,440
Iran⁸⁸	3,730
Iraq	105
Israel	350
Lebanon	20
Syria⁸⁹	20
Turkey	125
China⁹⁰	5,125
Taiwan	55
Hong Kong⁹¹	695
Japan	85
Korea, South⁹²	625
Philippines	510
Viet Nam	20
Bangladesh	50
Sri Lanka	105
India	915
Pakistan	295
Other locations of study in Asia	610
Oceania	240
Australia	205
New Zealand	35
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,945
In the labour force	64,500
Employed	56,445
Unemployed	8,060
Not in the labour force	33,450
Participation rate	65.9
Employment rate	57.6
Unemployment rate	12.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,950
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,590
Worked	63,355
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,920
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,430
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	64,500
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,140
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	62,360
Employee	48,555
Permanent position	40,180
Temporary position	8,375
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,260
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,115
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,805
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	64,500
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,140
All occupations¹⁹¹	62,360
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,175
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,520
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,415
3 Health occupations	4,055
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,835
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,875
6 Sales and service occupations	15,040
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,200
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	565
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,680
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	64,500
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,140
All industries¹⁹¹	62,360
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	130
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100
22 Utilities	355
23 Construction	4,685
31-33 Manufacturing	4,560
41 Wholesale trade	2,995
44-45 Retail trade	6,870
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,240
51 Information and cultural industries	1,650
52 Finance and insurance	5,945
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,615
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,085
55 Management of companies and enterprises	340
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,915
61 Educational services	4,800
62 Health care and social assistance	5,820
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	925
72 Accommodation and food services	2,725
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,160
91 Public administration	2,440
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	68,565
English	59,910
French	135
Non-official language	1,450
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,450
English and French	790
English and non-official language(s)	5,990
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	110
Multiple non-official languages	180
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	68,565
Single responses	67,100
Official languages	63,865
English	63,610
French	255
Non-official languages	3,235
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,235
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	15
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	15
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	15
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	10
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	715
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	190
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	190
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	10
Russian	185
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	420
Indo-Aryan languages	20
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	400
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	395
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	355
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	25
Romanian	10
Spanish	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	15
Korean	195
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,215
Chinese languages	2,215
Hakka	0
Mandarin	1,445
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	760
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	40
Azerbaijani	15
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	10
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,460
English and French	140
English and non-official language(s)	1,300
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	25
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	68,565
None	62,700
English	1,475
French	535
Non-official language	3,030
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	3,030
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	270
French and non-official language(s)	95
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	455
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,445
Worked at home	23,045
Worked outside Canada	345
No fixed workplace address	5,930
Usual place of work	27,120
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	27,120
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,285
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,545
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,200
Commute to a different province or territory	90
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	33,050
Car, truck or van	29,515
Car, truck or van - as a driver	27,100
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,415
Public transit	1,880
Walked	725
Bicycle	75
Other method	855
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	33,050
Less than 15 minutes	5,415
15 to 29 minutes	9,855
30 to 44 minutes	9,720
45 to 59 minutes	4,155
60 minutes and over	3,900
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	33,050
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,670
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,390
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,545
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,035
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,455
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,950
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25,805
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,345
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,465
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,560
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,005
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,345
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	660
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,555

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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