Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Bay of QuinteMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	116,016	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	109,735	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	53,810	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,810	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	71.4	...	...	71.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,624.98	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	116,015	56,640	59,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,480	8,480	7,995	14.2	15.0	13.5
0 to 4 years	5,115	2,675	2,440	4.4	4.7	4.1
5 to 9 years	5,585	2,840	2,745	4.8	5.0	4.6
10 to 14 years	5,780	2,965	2,815	5.0	5.2	4.7
15 to 64 years	69,800	34,650	35,150	60.2	61.2	59.2
15 to 19 years	5,360	2,765	2,595	4.6	4.9	4.4
20 to 24 years	5,690	2,955	2,740	4.9	5.2	4.6
25 to 29 years	6,640	3,380	3,260	5.7	6.0	5.5
30 to 34 years	6,890	3,540	3,350	5.9	6.3	5.6
35 to 39 years	6,635	3,375	3,260	5.7	6.0	5.5
40 to 44 years	6,255	3,075	3,180	5.4	5.4	5.4
45 to 49 years	6,085	2,965	3,120	5.2	5.2	5.3
50 to 54 years	6,885	3,305	3,585	5.9	5.8	6.0
55 to 59 years	9,470	4,540	4,930	8.2	8.0	8.3
60 to 64 years	9,880	4,750	5,130	8.5	8.4	8.6
65 years and over	29,740	13,505	16,230	25.6	23.8	27.3
65 to 69 years	8,905	4,130	4,775	7.7	7.3	8.0
70 to 74 years	7,885	3,815	4,075	6.8	6.7	6.9
75 to 79 years	5,385	2,470	2,915	4.6	4.4	4.9
80 to 84 years	3,705	1,645	2,060	3.2	2.9	3.5
85 years and over	3,865	1,450	2,410	3.3	2.6	4.1
85 to 89 years	2,350	985	1,360	2.0	1.7	2.3
90 to 94 years	1,135	370	765	1.0	0.7	1.3
95 to 99 years	335	80	245	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.2	15.0	13.5	14.2	15.0	13.5
15 to 64 years	60.2	61.2	59.2	60.2	61.2	59.2
65 years and over	25.6	23.8	27.3	25.6	23.8	27.3
85 years and over	3.3	2.6	4.1	3.3	2.6	4.1
Average age of the population	45.9	44.7	47.1	45.9	44.7	47.1
Median age of the population	48.4	46.4	50.4	48.4	46.4	50.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,560	...	...	69.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,725	...	...	3.5	...	...
Row house	2,305	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,015	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,880	...	...	13.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,645	...	...	5.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	490	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,470	...	...	29.1	...	...
2 persons	20,015	...	...	40.2	...	...
3 persons	6,935	...	...	13.9	...	...
4 persons	5,225	...	...	10.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,165	...	...	6.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	113,735	55,680	58,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	99,540	48,155	51,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,745	28,860	28,890	58.0	59.9	56.2
Married	45,305	22,650	22,655	45.5	47.0	44.1
Living common-law	12,445	6,210	6,235	12.5	12.9	12.1
Living common law - Never married	7,980	4,015	3,970	8.0	8.3	7.7
Living common law - Separated	875	445	435	0.9	0.9	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	3,170	1,570	1,595	3.2	3.3	3.1
Living common law - Widowed	420	175	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	41,795	19,300	22,495	42.0	40.1	43.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,905	13,235	10,670	24.0	27.5	20.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,195	1,405	1,790	3.2	2.9	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,135	2,910	4,220	7.2	6.0	8.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,560	1,745	5,815	7.6	3.6	11.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	20,755	...	...	60.7	...	...
3 persons	6,530	...	...	19.1	...	...
4 persons	4,755	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,130	...	...	6.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,375	...	...	83.1	...	...
Married couples	22,150	...	...	64.8	...	...
With children⁶	8,810	...	...	25.8	...	...
Without children	13,345	...	...	39.1	...	...
Common-law couples	6,220	...	...	18.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,485	...	...	7.3	...	...
Without children	3,740	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,790	...	...	16.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,445	...	...	13.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,345	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	113,740	55,680	58,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	91,510	45,295	46,215	80.5	81.3	79.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,750	28,345	28,405	49.9	50.9	48.9
Parents in one-parent families	5,790	1,345	4,445	5.1	2.4	7.7
Children⁶	28,975	15,605	13,370	25.5	28.0	23.0
In a two-parent family	20,155	10,735	9,420	17.7	19.3	16.2
In a one-parent family	8,815	4,865	3,950	7.8	8.7	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,225	10,385	11,840	19.5	18.7	20.4
Living alone	14,470	6,275	8,200	12.7	11.3	14.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,580	1,095	1,485	2.3	2.0	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	5,170	3,015	2,155	4.5	5.4	3.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,085	...	...	60.4	...	...
Couple-family households	25,730	...	...	51.7	...	...
With children⁶	10,100	...	...	20.3	...	...
Without children	15,625	...	...	31.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,355	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,265	...	...	2.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	250	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,665	...	...	3.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,070	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	14,470	...	...	29.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	97,290	47,225	50,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,370	45,740	48,635	97.0	96.9	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,400	35,200	39,200	44,400	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,410	45,755	48,660	97.0	96.9	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,000	32,400	35,600	40,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,740	40,365	41,375	84.0	85.5	82.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,800	26,000	32,800	40,800	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,750	32,060	29,690	63.5	67.9	59.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,600	28,800	34,000	39,600	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,625	41,480	45,145	89.0	87.8	90.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	9,900	13,100	12,000	9,900	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,785	3,420	4,360	8.0	7.2	8.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,640	5,520	5,560	5,640	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,450	10,325	12,130	23.1	21.9	24.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,290	47,285	50,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,540	45,875	48,665	97.2	97.0	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,160	56,150	42,600	49,160	56,150	42,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,565	45,890	48,675	97.2	97.0	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,720	46,680	37,080	41,720	46,680	37,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,670	40,355	41,310	83.9	85.3	82.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,200	52,750	35,800	44,200	52,750	35,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,795	32,030	29,760	63.5	67.7	59.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,600	48,480	36,280	42,600	48,480	36,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,685	41,570	45,120	89.1	87.9	90.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,970	10,700	13,140	11,970	10,700	13,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,705	3,390	4,325	7.9	7.2	8.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,700	6,400	6,940	6,700	6,400	6,940
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,520	10,320	12,200	23.1	21.8	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,740	8,390	9,040	8,740	8,390	9,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,285	47,285	50,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,365	16,205	12,160	29.2	34.3	24.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	62,000	51,600	57,600	62,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,100	71,300	59,200	66,100	71,300	59,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,405	10,445	12,970	24.1	22.1	25.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	20,600	15,700	17,800	20,600	15,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,760	29,720	22,600	25,760	29,720	22,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.6	82.8	71.4	77.6	82.8	71.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.7	60.3	52.1	56.7	60.3	52.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.3	17.3	28.6	22.3	17.3	28.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.9	6.5	5.0	3.9	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.4	5.3	4.2	3.4	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	97,290	47,225	50,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,925	1,485	1,435	3.0	3.1	2.9
With total income	94,370	45,735	48,635	97.0	96.8	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,310	2,680	3,630	6.7	5.9	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	13,030	5,390	7,645	13.8	11.8	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	15,805	6,695	9,110	16.7	14.6	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	13,060	5,640	7,425	13.8	12.3	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	11,540	5,330	6,205	12.2	11.7	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	9,240	4,690	4,555	9.8	10.3	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	7,000	3,825	3,175	7.4	8.4	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,475	3,355	2,115	5.8	7.3	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,450	2,140	1,315	3.7	4.7	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,390	1,455	930	2.5	3.2	1.9
$100,000 and over	7,065	4,540	2,525	7.5	9.9	5.2
$100,000 to $149,999	5,050	3,140	1,905	5.4	6.9	3.9
$150,000 and over	2,015	1,395	615	2.1	3.1	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	97,290	47,225	50,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,885	1,470	1,415	3.0	3.1	2.8
With after-tax income	94,410	45,755	48,655	97.0	96.9	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,805	2,805	4,000	7.2	6.1	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	13,500	5,590	7,910	14.3	12.2	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	17,835	7,595	10,240	18.9	16.6	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	15,435	6,905	8,535	16.3	15.1	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	13,155	6,520	6,635	13.9	14.2	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,410	5,025	4,385	10.0	11.0	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,590	3,970	2,615	7.0	8.7	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,000	2,445	1,555	4.2	5.3	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,750	1,595	1,160	2.9	3.5	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,575	985	590	1.7	2.2	1.2
$100,000 and over	3,355	2,320	1,035	3.6	5.1	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,760	1,205	550	1.9	2.6	1.1
$125,000 and over	1,595	1,110	485	1.7	2.4	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	97,290	47,225	50,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	35,540	15,165	20,375	36.5	32.1	40.7
With employment income	61,755	32,065	29,690	63.5	67.9	59.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,250	5,115	5,140	16.6	16.0	17.3
$5,000 to $9,999	4,795	2,015	2,780	7.8	6.3	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,370	3,250	4,115	11.9	10.1	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,965	2,720	3,240	9.7	8.5	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,445	3,000	3,445	10.4	9.4	11.6
$40,000 to $49,999	5,975	3,040	2,930	9.7	9.5	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	5,130	2,850	2,280	8.3	8.9	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,085	2,450	1,635	6.6	7.6	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,220	2,135	1,090	5.2	6.7	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,145	1,385	760	3.5	4.3	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,630	970	660	2.6	3.0	2.2
$100,000 and over	4,735	3,125	1,610	7.7	9.7	5.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,615	1,600	1,015	4.2	5.0	3.4
$125,000 and over	2,120	1,525	595	3.4	4.8	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	97,290	47,225	50,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,195	45,110	48,085	95.8	95.5	96.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,800	32,000	36,800	42,800	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,245	45,115	48,130	95.8	95.5	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,400	29,800	33,600	38,400	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,400	40,095	41,305	83.7	84.9	82.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,200	27,800	33,600	41,200	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,500	32,285	30,220	64.2	68.4	60.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	29,800	34,800	40,400	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,685	39,480	43,205	85.0	83.6	86.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,750	4,320	9,400	7,750	4,320	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,515	2,860	3,655	6.7	6.1	7.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	5,440	5,040	5,200	5,440	5,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,290	47,285	50,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,230	45,185	48,035	95.8	95.6	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,680	53,800	39,960	46,680	53,800	39,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,260	45,185	48,070	95.9	95.6	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,680	44,960	34,720	39,680	44,960	34,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,245	40,055	41,195	83.5	84.7	82.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,200	52,650	36,040	44,200	52,650	36,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,345	32,205	30,135	64.1	68.1	60.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,640	50,360	36,480	43,640	50,360	36,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,595	39,555	43,040	84.9	83.7	86.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,190	8,170	10,130	9,190	8,170	10,130
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,550	2,780	3,775	6.7	5.9	7.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,720	6,660	6,760	6,720	6,660	6,760
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,285	47,285	50,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,125	16,080	12,045	28.9	34.0	24.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	60,000	48,400	54,000	60,000	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,750	69,800	55,700	63,750	69,800	55,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,165	9,880	12,280	22.8	20.9	24.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	27,400	20,400	23,200	27,400	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,680	37,440	27,040	31,680	37,440	27,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.6	86.8	77.2	82.6	86.8	77.2
Employment income (%)	62.5	66.8	57.3	62.5	66.8	57.3
Government transfers (%)	17.4	13.3	22.7	17.4	13.3	22.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.3	1.0	0.8	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,470	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,300	...	...	93,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,200	...	...	79,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	48,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,720	...	...	41,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,500	...	...	111,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,600	...	...	94,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	325	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	650	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,095	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,020	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,965	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,815	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,080	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,245	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,080	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,160	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,035	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,795	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,405	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,115	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,855	...	...	33.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,970	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,000	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,990	...	...	8.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,895	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	375	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	665	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,135	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,120	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,235	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,105	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,390	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,615	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,420	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,920	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,640	...	...	9.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,265	...	...	8.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,755	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,205	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,790	...	...	25.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,660	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,100	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,025	...	...	8.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,765	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,470	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,640	9,290	10,350	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	38,000	35,200	36,400	38,000	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,400	32,800	33,600	34,400	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,300	...	...	111,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,200	...	...	94,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,200	...	...	105,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,200	...	...	87,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,200	...	...	116,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,505	9,095	10,410	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,560	48,200	43,280	45,560	48,200	43,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,320	40,760	38,040	39,320	40,760	38,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	113,735	55,685	58,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,685	10,125	9,555	17.3	18.2	16.5
0 to 5 years	6,235	3,250	2,985	5.5	5.8	5.1
18 to 64 years	65,880	32,525	33,350	57.9	58.4	57.4
65 years and over	28,175	13,025	15,150	24.8	23.4	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,570	5,760	6,810	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,510	1,320	1,190	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	850	435	420	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,805	3,185	3,620	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,255	1,255	2,000	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1	10.3	11.7	11.1	10.3	11.7
0 to 17 years (%)	12.8	13.0	12.5	12.8	13.0	12.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.6	13.3	14.0	13.6	13.3	14.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	9.8	10.9	10.3	9.8	10.9
65 years and over (%)	11.6	9.6	13.2	11.6	9.6	13.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	113,735	55,680	58,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,680	10,130	9,555	17.3	18.2	16.5
0 to 5 years	6,235	3,250	2,985	5.5	5.8	5.1
18 to 64 years	65,885	32,530	33,350	57.9	58.4	57.4
65 years and over	28,170	13,025	15,145	24.8	23.4	26.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,225	2,240	1,980	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	520	260	255	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	155	80	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,325	1,810	1,515	...	...	...
65 years and over	380	170	215	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	4.0	3.4	3.7	4.0	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	5.1	5.6	4.5	5.1	5.6	4.5
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	113,735	55,680	58,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	63,310	30,250	33,060	55.7	54.3	56.9
In bottom decile	11,535	5,600	5,935	10.1	10.1	10.2
In second decile	13,245	5,960	7,285	11.6	10.7	12.5
In third decile	13,125	6,275	6,845	11.5	11.3	11.8
In fourth decile	12,940	6,310	6,630	11.4	11.3	11.4
In fifth decile	12,465	6,105	6,360	11.0	11.0	11.0
In top half of the distribution	50,425	25,430	25,000	44.3	45.7	43.1
In sixth decile	11,980	5,950	6,030	10.5	10.7	10.4
In seventh decile	11,245	5,690	5,550	9.9	10.2	9.6
In eighth decile	10,510	5,325	5,180	9.2	9.6	8.9
In ninth decile	9,170	4,640	4,530	8.1	8.3	7.8
In top decile	7,520	3,825	3,700	6.6	6.9	6.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	113,735	...	...	113,735	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...	0.316	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.457	...	...	0.457	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	114,685	56,115	58,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	105,650	51,965	53,690	92.1	92.6	91.7
French only	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	8,525	3,915	4,615	7.4	7.0	7.9
Neither English nor French	350	175	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	114,685	56,115	58,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	111,540	54,550	56,990	97.3	97.2	97.3
French	2,645	1,325	1,320	2.3	2.4	2.3
English and French	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	114,685	56,115	58,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	112,965	55,295	57,660	98.5	98.5	98.4
Official languages	106,570	52,225	54,350	92.9	93.1	92.8
English	103,870	50,890	52,980	90.6	90.7	90.5
French	2,695	1,335	1,365	2.3	2.4	2.3
Non-official languages	6,390	3,075	3,320	5.6	5.5	5.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,375	3,070	3,310	5.6	5.5	5.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	235	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	190	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	335	120	215	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	255	95	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	285	165	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,285	2,085	2,200	3.7	3.7	3.8
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	670	305	370	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	645	285	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,330	595	740	1.2	1.1	1.3
Frisian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	600	260	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	575	255	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	620	285	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	590	275	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	165	85	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,020	560	460	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	950	520	430	0.8	0.9	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	330	200	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hindi	110	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,070	530	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	315	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	475	225	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	495	220	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	450	195	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,725	820	905	1.5	1.5	1.5
English and French	625	310	320	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	905	430	470	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	114,685	56,115	58,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	106,640	52,230	54,410	93.0	93.1	92.9
French	915	465	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official language	1,185	605	580	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,185	605	580	1.0	1.1	1.0
English and French	1,490	705	785	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	4,110	1,960	2,150	3.6	3.5	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	245	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	114,685	56,115	58,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	113,605	55,610	57,995	99.1	99.1	99.0
Official languages	111,170	54,365	56,800	96.9	96.9	97.0
English	109,965	53,740	56,220	95.9	95.8	96.0
French	1,205	625	580	1.1	1.1	1.0
Non-official languages	2,435	1,240	1,195	2.1	2.2	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,435	1,240	1,190	2.1	2.2	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	180	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,315	675	640	1.1	1.2	1.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	640	345	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	615	335	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	230	140	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	380	190	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	230	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	95	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
American Sign Language	135	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	295	140	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,080	510	575	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and French	265	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	775	365	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	114,685	56,115	58,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	109,620	53,710	55,905	95.6	95.7	95.4
English	1,225	630	600	1.1	1.1	1.0
French	1,010	450	565	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-official language	2,175	1,010	1,160	1.9	1.8	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,140	995	1,150	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	210	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	280	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	113,760	55,785	57,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	113,365	55,565	57,800	99.7	99.6	99.7
English	113,230	55,505	57,720	99.5	99.5	99.6
French	8,590	3,995	4,595	7.6	7.2	7.9
Non-official languages	9,620	4,510	5,115	8.5	8.1	8.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,580	4,505	5,075	8.4	8.1	8.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	330	190	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	330	190	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	210	125	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	85	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	580	200	380	0.5	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	540	180	360	0.5	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	370	200	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	245	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,625	3,180	3,450	5.8	5.7	6.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	865	375	485	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	825	370	455	0.7	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	245	95	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,910	850	1,060	1.7	1.5	1.8
Frisian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
High German languages	1,065	510	560	0.9	0.9	1.0
German	1,055	505	555	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	805	360	440	0.7	0.6	0.8
Afrikaans	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	735	310	425	0.6	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	110	25	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	290	135	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	1,505	730	775	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,385	675	710	1.2	1.2	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	490	260	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hindi	910	480	430	0.8	0.9	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	500	195	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,260	1,165	1,095	2.0	2.1	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	590	340	245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Portuguese	300	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,495	730	765	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	560	235	330	0.5	0.4	0.6
American Sign Language	505	205	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	585	235	350	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese languages	535	220	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	310	115	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	250	100	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,755	55,785	57,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,640	2,825	2,815	5.0	5.1	4.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,330	2,705	2,625	4.7	4.8	4.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,735	1,890	1,850	3.3	3.4	3.2
Métis	1,505	765	740	1.3	1.4	1.3
Inuk (Inuit)	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	125	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	190	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	108,115	52,955	55,155	95.0	94.9	95.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,755	55,785	57,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,930	920	1,005	1.7	1.6	1.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	111,830	54,865	56,965	98.3	98.4	98.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,480	...	...	69.2	...	...
Renter	15,345	...	...	30.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,350	...	...	4.7	...	...
Not condominium	47,470	...	...	95.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	200	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	5,320	...	...	10.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,230	...	...	26.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,315	...	...	36.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,755	...	...	25.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,700	...	...	21.5	...	...
5 rooms	7,215	...	...	14.5	...	...
6 rooms	7,705	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	7,275	...	...	14.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,925	...	...	34.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	49,435	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	385	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	48,070	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,755	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	15,955	...	...	32.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,665	...	...	31.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,200	...	...	10.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,275	...	...	8.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,260	...	...	4.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,905	...	...	3.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,490	...	...	3.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,070	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,455	...	...	93.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,360	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,795	...	...	51.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,320	...	...	44.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,705	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	950	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,645	...	...	11.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,960	...	...	14.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,140	...	...	14.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,100	...	...	22.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,010	...	...	20.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,910	...	...	11.9	...	...
85 years and over	2,115	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,865	...	...	80.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,410	...	...	19.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,920	...	...	18.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,155	...	...	26.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,320	...	...	16.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,270	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,245	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	210	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	835	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	230	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,665	...	...	73.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,350	...	...	11.0	...	...
Not in core need	43,435	...	...	89.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,070	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.4	...	...	54.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040	...	...	1,040	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,205	...	...	1,205	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...	448,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	517,000	...	...	517,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,330	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.1	...	...	16.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.1	...	...	37.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.0	...	...	25.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040	...	...	1,040	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,114	...	...	1,114	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	113,755	55,785	57,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,745	865	880	1.5	1.6	1.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,710	840	865	1.5	1.5	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,430	695	740	1.3	1.2	1.3
Métis single ancestry	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,575	2,690	2,885	4.9	4.8	5.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,455	2,640	2,815	4.8	4.7	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,400	2,115	2,290	3.9	3.8	4.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,005	495	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	106,435	52,230	54,210	93.6	93.6	93.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	113,755	55,785	57,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	110,625	54,235	56,390	97.2	97.2	97.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,500	10,095	9,410	17.1	18.1	16.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	91,125	44,145	46,985	80.1	79.1	81.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,130	1,550	1,580	2.8	2.8	2.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	113,755	55,785	57,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	102,595	50,290	52,305	90.2	90.1	90.2
Immigrants⁸¹	9,995	4,885	5,110	8.8	8.8	8.8
Before 1980	4,855	2,345	2,505	4.3	4.2	4.3
1980 to 1990	1,145	585	560	1.0	1.0	1.0
1991 to 2000	1,145	605	545	1.0	1.1	0.9
2001 to 2010	1,360	655	700	1.2	1.2	1.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,485	695	795	1.3	1.2	1.4
2011 to 2015	630	265	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
2016 to 2021	860	430	430	0.8	0.8	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,170	610	560	1.0	1.1	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,990	4,880	5,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,290	635	655	12.9	13.0	12.8
5 to 14 years	2,150	1,115	1,030	21.5	22.8	20.1
15 to 24 years	2,305	1,100	1,200	23.1	22.5	23.5
25 to 44 years	3,545	1,675	1,870	35.5	34.3	36.6
45 years and over	705	355	355	7.1	7.3	6.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,990	4,880	5,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,625	730	890	16.3	15.0	17.4
Brazil	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	50	15	35	0.5	0.3	0.7
El Salvador	40	0	35	0.4	0.0	0.7
Guyana	95	40	50	1.0	0.8	1.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	240	120	125	2.4	2.5	2.4
Mexico	70	60	10	0.7	1.2	0.2
Peru	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	120	55	65	1.2	1.1	1.3
United States of America	610	235	375	6.1	4.8	7.3
Other places of birth in Americas	335	160	165	3.4	3.3	3.2
Europe	5,565	2,800	2,765	55.7	57.4	54.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
France	105	55	50	1.1	1.1	1.0
Germany	605	280	325	6.1	5.7	6.4
Greece	130	65	60	1.3	1.3	1.2
Hungary	55	20	35	0.6	0.4	0.7
Italy	205	130	75	2.1	2.7	1.5
Netherlands	615	320	290	6.2	6.6	5.7
Poland	180	100	80	1.8	2.0	1.6
Portugal	150	90	60	1.5	1.8	1.2
Romania	75	40	40	0.8	0.8	0.8
Russian Federation	70	15	60	0.7	0.3	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	75	35	35	0.8	0.7	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,590	1,315	1,275	25.9	26.9	24.9
Other places of birth in Europe	680	330	350	6.8	6.8	6.8
Africa	325	165	155	3.3	3.4	3.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	60	30	30	0.6	0.6	0.6
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Somalia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	70	35	40	0.7	0.7	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	140	70	75	1.4	1.4	1.5
Asia	2,390	1,130	1,255	23.9	23.2	24.5
Afghanistan	35	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	65	35	30	0.7	0.7	0.6
Iraq	30	25	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Lebanon	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	65	35	25	0.7	0.7	0.5
Turkey	30	25	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
China⁹⁰	310	105	205	3.1	2.2	4.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	40	25	0.7	0.8	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	175	90	85	1.8	1.8	1.7
Taiwan	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Philippines	485	160	325	4.9	3.3	6.4
Viet Nam	105	50	55	1.1	1.0	1.1
Bangladesh	25	15	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
India	610	310	295	6.1	6.4	5.8
Pakistan	90	60	25	0.9	1.2	0.5
Sri Lanka	70	40	35	0.7	0.8	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	175	95	80	1.8	1.9	1.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95	55	40	1.0	1.1	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	860	425	430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	160	80	75	18.6	18.8	17.4
Brazil	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	25	0	2.9	5.9	0.0
United States of America	75	30	45	8.7	7.1	10.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	0	2.3	2.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	0	20	3.5	0.0	4.7
Europe	150	95	55	17.4	22.4	12.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	40	25	20	4.7	5.9	4.7
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	75	55	25	8.7	12.9	5.8
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	10	2.9	3.5	2.3
Africa	25	10	15	2.9	2.4	3.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	1.7	0.0	2.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	515	225	285	59.9	52.9	66.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	20	2.3	0.0	4.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	280	155	130	32.6	36.5	30.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	125	35	90	14.5	8.2	20.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	20	10	2.9	4.7	2.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	15	1.7	0.0	3.5
Other places of birth in Asia	25	15	15	2.9	3.5	3.5
Oceania and other⁹³	20	15	0	2.3	3.5	0.0
Australia	20	15	0	2.3	3.5	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	113,755	55,785	57,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,155	5,975	6,180	10.7	10.7	10.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	15,430	7,525	7,905	13.6	13.5	13.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	86,170	42,285	43,890	75.8	75.8	75.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,140	2,540	2,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,485	1,365	1,115	48.3	53.7	42.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,090	710	385	21.2	28.0	14.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,395	660	730	27.1	26.0	28.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,985	845	1,140	38.6	33.3	43.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	600	305	295	11.7	12.0	11.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	70	20	45	1.4	0.8	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,140	2,540	2,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	255	135	120	5.0	5.3	4.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	720	380	335	14.0	15.0	12.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	100	60	40	1.9	2.4	1.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	275	130	150	5.4	5.1	5.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	15	35	1.0	0.6	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,740	1,820	1,915	72.8	71.7	73.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	113,755	55,785	57,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,050	3,420	3,630	6.2	6.1	6.3
South Asian	2,180	1,120	1,065	1.9	2.0	1.8
Chinese	705	305	400	0.6	0.5	0.7
Black	1,445	745	700	1.3	1.3	1.2
Filipino	645	260	390	0.6	0.5	0.7
Arab	185	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin American	665	350	315	0.6	0.6	0.5
Southeast Asian	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Japanese	110	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	200	75	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	106,710	52,370	54,345	93.8	93.9	93.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	113,760	55,785	57,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	21,465	10,925	10,535	18.9	19.6	18.2
English	35,450	16,915	18,535	31.2	30.3	32.0
Irish	30,065	14,220	15,845	26.4	25.5	27.3
Scottish	26,200	12,380	13,825	23.0	22.2	23.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,865	5,780	6,090	10.4	10.4	10.5
German	11,220	5,455	5,765	9.9	9.8	9.9
Chinese	820	350	460	0.7	0.6	0.8
Italian	4,125	2,005	2,125	3.6	3.6	3.7
Indian (India)	1,625	785	840	1.4	1.4	1.4
Ukrainian	2,190	1,085	1,100	1.9	1.9	1.9
Dutch	7,790	3,805	3,990	6.8	6.8	6.9
Polish	2,620	1,205	1,415	2.3	2.2	2.4
Québécois	415	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,505	2,715	2,790	4.8	4.9	4.8
Filipino	630	240	390	0.6	0.4	0.7
French Canadian	1,830	885	940	1.6	1.6	1.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,355	1,675	1,680	2.9	3.0	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,230	1,085	1,145	2.0	1.9	2.0
Métis	1,380	695	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,765	795	970	1.6	1.4	1.7
Russian	875	395	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Norwegian	700	320	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
Welsh	2,725	1,320	1,400	2.4	2.4	2.4
Portuguese	740	375	365	0.7	0.7	0.6
American	1,365	670	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
Spanish	460	260	200	0.4	0.5	0.3
Swedish	540	230	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hungarian	730	340	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Acadian	605	315	285	0.5	0.6	0.5
Pakistani	110	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	410	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	475	185	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
Punjabi	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	170	85	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	820	470	345	0.7	0.8	0.6
Jamaican	760	410	350	0.7	0.7	0.6
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	155	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	370	195	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	365	205	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Danish	650	315	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	920	415	500	0.8	0.7	0.9
Sikh	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	525	275	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Belgian	430	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	120	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	245	185	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mennonite	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	585	250	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
Sri Lankan	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japanese	140	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	340	205	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	460	225	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	55	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	70	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	350	150	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Syrian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	245	100	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	415	215	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hong Konger	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	1,060	525	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Persian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	105	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	70	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	285	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
South African	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	160	100	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	80	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	185	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	130	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	1,375	700	675	1.2	1.3	1.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	55	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African American	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	40	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	390	225	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	113,755	55,785	57,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	295	115	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Christian	60,860	28,050	32,805	53.5	50.3	56.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,120	3,500	3,620	6.3	6.3	6.2
Anabaptist	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	7,635	3,435	4,195	6.7	6.2	7.2
Baptist	1,780	820	960	1.6	1.5	1.7
Catholic	20,700	9,740	10,965	18.2	17.5	18.9
Christian Orthodox	755	420	340	0.7	0.8	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	480	180	300	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	290	105	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	825	360	460	0.7	0.6	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,020	425	595	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,480	575	905	1.3	1.0	1.6
Presbyterian	1,815	835	980	1.6	1.5	1.7
Reformed	980	470	510	0.9	0.8	0.9
United Church	11,750	5,300	6,445	10.3	9.5	11.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,135	1,850	2,285	3.6	3.3	3.9
Hindu	770	435	330	0.7	0.8	0.6
Jewish	345	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	570	315	255	0.5	0.6	0.4
Sikh	505	200	305	0.4	0.4	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	820	335	485	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	49,535	26,150	23,380	43.5	46.9	40.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	112,815	55,275	57,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	99,320	48,630	50,695	88.0	88.0	88.1
Movers	13,495	6,645	6,850	12.0	12.0	11.9
Non-migrants	5,530	2,740	2,795	4.9	5.0	4.9
Migrants	7,965	3,910	4,060	7.1	7.1	7.1
Internal migrants	7,720	3,800	3,920	6.8	6.9	6.8
Intraprovincial migrants	6,800	3,340	3,465	6.0	6.0	6.0
Interprovincial migrants	915	455	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	108,645	53,140	55,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	63,490	31,105	32,385	58.4	58.5	58.3
Movers	45,155	22,035	23,120	41.6	41.5	41.7
Non-migrants	15,010	7,230	7,775	13.8	13.6	14.0
Migrants	30,145	14,805	15,345	27.7	27.9	27.6
Internal migrants	28,410	13,940	14,465	26.1	26.2	26.1
Intraprovincial migrants	24,905	12,165	12,735	22.9	22.9	22.9
Interprovincial migrants	3,510	1,775	1,735	3.2	3.3	3.1
External migrants	1,740	860	875	1.6	1.6	1.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,290	47,285	50,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,280	9,875	8,410	18.8	20.9	16.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	79,010	37,415	41,600	81.2	79.1	83.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,295	28,730	29,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,105	4,235	2,865	12.2	14.7	9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	51,190	24,495	26,700	87.8	85.3	90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,290	47,285	50,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,205	8,695	7,510	16.7	18.4	15.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,515	15,940	15,575	32.4	33.7	31.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,565	22,640	26,925	50.9	47.9	53.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,695	15,690	18,005	34.6	33.2	36.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,170	4,465	1,705	6.3	9.4	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,850	1,680	1,170	2.9	3.6	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,310	2,785	530	3.4	5.9	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	26,060	10,605	15,455	26.8	22.4	30.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,465	620	845	1.5	1.3	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,875	6,950	8,920	16.3	14.7	17.8
Bachelor's degree	11,095	4,595	6,500	11.4	9.7	13.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,080	515	565	1.1	1.1	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	430	260	170	0.4	0.5	0.3
Master's degree	2,890	1,380	1,510	3.0	2.9	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	385	200	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,290	28,730	29,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,130	3,710	2,415	10.5	12.9	8.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,150	9,905	8,245	31.1	34.5	27.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,010	15,110	18,900	58.3	52.6	63.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,355	10,700	12,660	40.1	37.2	42.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,790	2,765	1,030	6.5	9.6	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,720	1,025	695	3.0	3.6	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,075	1,735	335	3.6	6.0	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,690	7,570	11,120	32.1	26.3	37.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	875	365	505	1.5	1.3	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,650	4,410	6,245	18.3	15.3	21.1
Bachelor's degree	7,640	3,065	4,575	13.1	10.7	15.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	690	310	380	1.2	1.1	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	270	150	120	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	1,835	785	1,050	3.1	2.7	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225	95	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,290	47,285	50,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	47,725	24,640	23,080	49.1	52.1	46.2
Education	2,835	700	2,130	2.9	1.5	4.3
13. Education	2,835	700	2,130	2.9	1.5	4.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,815	785	1,025	1.9	1.7	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	280	205	75	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,535	580	955	1.6	1.2	1.9
Humanities	2,310	1,020	1,290	2.4	2.2	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	15	125	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	645	200	450	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	530	215	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	325	245	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
54. History	390	215	175	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,485	1,900	4,580	6.7	4.0	9.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	855	370	480	0.9	0.8	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,910	205	1,700	2.0	0.4	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	805	215	590	0.8	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	175	40	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,035	285	755	1.1	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,640	770	865	1.7	1.6	1.7
Business, management and public administration	9,305	3,330	5,975	9.6	7.0	11.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,495	280	1,215	1.5	0.6	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,805	3,050	4,755	8.0	6.5	9.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,645	810	840	1.7	1.7	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	775	300	475	0.8	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	360	260	100	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,515	885	635	1.6	1.9	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,185	745	445	1.2	1.6	0.9
25. Library science	105	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,855	9,070	785	10.1	19.2	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	375	245	120	0.4	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,305	1,130	170	1.3	2.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,705	2,415	295	2.8	5.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,895	1,845	45	1.9	3.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,365	2,270	95	2.4	4.8	0.2
48. Precision production	1,215	1,160	50	1.2	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,365	785	580	1.4	1.7	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	920	475	450	0.9	1.0	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	440	305	130	0.5	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	8,330	1,290	7,040	8.6	2.7	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	630	295	335	0.6	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,555	905	6,650	7.8	1.9	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,085	2,060	2,025	4.2	4.4	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,835	390	1,445	1.9	0.8	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	80	75	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,495	960	535	1.5	2.0	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	625	590	35	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,295	28,725	29,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,280	13,620	10,665	41.7	47.4	36.1
Education	1,525	375	1,150	2.6	1.3	3.9
13. Education	1,525	375	1,150	2.6	1.3	3.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,265	480	785	2.2	1.7	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	110	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,115	370	745	1.9	1.3	2.5
Humanities	1,435	635	800	2.5	2.2	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	10	85	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	375	105	270	0.6	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	360	165	195	0.6	0.6	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	135	40	0.3	0.5	0.1
54. History	285	150	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,765	1,260	3,505	8.2	4.4	11.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	710	290	420	1.2	1.0	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,430	115	1,315	2.5	0.4	4.4
22. Legal professions and studies	660	155	505	1.1	0.5	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	155	30	125	0.3	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	625	145	480	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,145	530	620	2.0	1.8	2.1
Business, management and public administration	6,500	2,225	4,275	11.2	7.7	14.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,125	165	960	1.9	0.6	3.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,370	2,060	3,315	9.2	7.2	11.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,020	505	515	1.7	1.8	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	485	190	295	0.8	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	225	150	75	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,055	645	410	1.8	2.2	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	905	595	310	1.6	2.1	1.0
25. Library science	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,700	6,080	615	11.5	21.2	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	280	185	95	0.5	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	890	745	140	1.5	2.6	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,830	1,600	225	3.1	5.6	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,300	1,260	40	2.2	4.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,595	1,510	85	2.7	5.3	0.3
48. Precision production	815	785	30	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	945	480	470	1.6	1.7	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	645	280	365	1.1	1.0	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	305	200	100	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	5,760	905	4,850	9.9	3.2	16.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	450	210	240	0.8	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,215	635	4,585	8.9	2.2	15.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,025	1,515	1,505	5.2	5.3	5.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,295	285	1,010	2.2	1.0	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,200	740	455	2.1	2.6	1.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	450	415	30	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,295	28,725	29,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,280	13,620	10,665	41.7	47.4	36.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,010	15,115	18,900	58.3	52.6	63.9
Location of study inside Canada	31,585	13,935	17,650	54.2	48.5	59.7
Same as province or territory of residence	28,490	12,525	15,960	48.9	43.6	54.0
Different than province or territory of residence	3,095	1,405	1,690	5.3	4.9	5.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,430	1,175	1,250	4.2	4.1	4.2
Americas	755	425	325	1.3	1.5	1.1
United States of America	590	300	285	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mexico	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	530	235	290	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	260	120	140	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Africa	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asia	1,000	430	570	1.7	1.5	1.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	90	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	220	50	170	0.4	0.2	0.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	515	280	240	0.9	1.0	0.8
Pakistan	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	105	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,290	47,285	50,005	...	...	...
In the labour force	53,510	27,675	25,835	...	...	...
Employed	47,480	24,965	22,520	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,030	2,715	3,315	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	43,780	19,605	24,175	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.0	58.5	51.7	55.0	58.5	51.7
Employment rate	48.8	52.8	45.0	48.8	52.8	45.0
Unemployment rate	11.3	9.8	12.8	11.3	9.8	12.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,290	47,285	50,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	43,280	19,480	23,800	44.5	41.2	47.6
Worked	54,010	27,805	26,205	55.5	58.8	52.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,070	16,610	12,460	29.9	35.1	24.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,940	11,190	13,745	25.6	23.7	27.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	43.1	40.5	41.8	43.1	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,510	27,675	25,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,270	605	660	2.4	2.2	2.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,245	27,070	25,175	97.6	97.8	97.5
Employee	44,625	22,735	21,895	83.4	82.1	84.8
Permanent position	38,165	19,540	18,625	71.3	70.6	72.1
Temporary position	6,460	3,190	3,270	12.1	11.5	12.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,030	1,030	1,005	3.8	3.7	3.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,430	2,165	2,265	8.3	7.8	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,620	4,340	3,280	14.2	15.7	12.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,510	27,675	25,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,270	605	660	2.4	2.2	2.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,245	27,070	25,175	97.6	97.8	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	400	265	135	0.7	1.0	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,025	1,985	5,040	13.1	7.2	19.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,720	2,160	565	5.1	7.8	2.2
3 Health occupations	4,290	665	3,620	8.0	2.4	14.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,265	3,070	4,190	13.6	11.1	16.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,420	580	835	2.7	2.1	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	13,755	5,510	8,245	25.7	19.9	31.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,670	8,750	920	18.1	31.6	3.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,535	1,155	380	2.9	4.2	1.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,165	2,925	1,235	7.8	10.6	4.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,510	27,675	25,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,270	605	660	2.4	2.2	2.6
All industries¹⁹¹	52,245	27,070	25,175	97.6	97.8	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,335	885	445	2.5	3.2	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	75	75	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	400	325	70	0.7	1.2	0.3
23 Construction	3,830	3,300	535	7.2	11.9	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	6,025	4,345	1,680	11.3	15.7	6.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,410	925	490	2.6	3.3	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	6,315	2,870	3,445	11.8	10.4	13.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,405	1,835	575	4.5	6.6	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	725	415	305	1.4	1.5	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,095	415	680	2.0	1.5	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	750	385	365	1.4	1.4	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,705	1,305	1,405	5.1	4.7	5.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,925	1,645	1,275	5.5	5.9	4.9
61 Educational services	3,075	955	2,125	5.7	3.5	8.2
62 Health care and social assistance	7,140	1,040	6,100	13.3	3.8	23.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	985	455	535	1.8	1.6	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	3,655	1,365	2,295	6.8	4.9	8.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,070	1,025	1,040	3.9	3.7	4.0
91 Public administration	5,265	3,470	1,795	9.8	12.5	6.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,985	29,730	28,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	55,835	28,615	27,225	96.3	96.2	96.4
French	190	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	170	135	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	170	135	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
English and French	1,330	705	625	2.3	2.4	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	410	175	235	0.7	0.6	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,985	29,730	28,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,715	29,625	28,090	99.5	99.6	99.5
Official languages	57,440	29,450	27,995	99.1	99.1	99.1
English	57,135	29,335	27,805	98.5	98.7	98.4
French	305	115	195	0.5	0.4	0.7
Non-official languages	270	175	95	0.5	0.6	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	270	175	95	0.5	0.6	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	140	120	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	110	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	105	105	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	90	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	265	110	160	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and French	215	85	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,985	29,730	28,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,460	28,945	27,515	97.4	97.4	97.4
English	195	60	135	0.3	0.2	0.5
French	1,005	595	410	1.7	2.0	1.5
Non-official language	260	110	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	260	110	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,475	24,965	22,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,445	3,695	4,750	17.8	14.8	21.1
Worked outside Canada	150	110	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	5,885	4,325	1,565	12.4	17.3	6.9
Usual place of work	33,000	16,830	16,165	69.5	67.4	71.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,000	16,835	16,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,385	9,935	10,450	61.8	59.0	64.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,945	3,010	2,935	18.0	17.9	18.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,600	3,830	2,765	20.0	22.8	17.1
Commute to a different province or territory	65	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	38,885	21,155	17,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,350	19,440	15,910	90.9	91.9	89.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,585	18,170	14,415	83.8	85.9	81.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,770	1,270	1,495	7.1	6.0	8.4
Public transit	680	240	445	1.7	1.1	2.5
Walked	1,960	965	1,000	5.0	4.6	5.6
Bicycle	230	190	45	0.6	0.9	0.3
Other method	660	325	330	1.7	1.5	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	38,885	21,155	17,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,060	8,630	8,435	43.9	40.8	47.6
15 to 29 minutes	13,575	7,375	6,205	34.9	34.9	35.0
30 to 44 minutes	4,900	2,805	2,090	12.6	13.3	11.8
45 to 59 minutes	1,415	900	515	3.6	4.3	2.9
60 minutes and over	1,930	1,440	485	5.0	6.8	2.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	38,885	21,155	17,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,190	2,150	1,040	8.2	10.2	5.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,815	5,005	2,810	20.1	23.7	15.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,420	6,000	4,420	26.8	28.4	24.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,155	3,035	4,115	18.4	14.3	23.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,030	1,570	2,455	10.4	7.4	13.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,280	3,395	2,880	16.2	16.0	16.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,030	10,310	9,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,005	1,005	1,005	10.0	9.7	10.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,020	9,305	8,710	90.0	90.3	89.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,530	7,440	7,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,475	730	745	10.2	9.8	10.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	900	430	470	6.2	5.8	6.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	575	300	275	4.0	4.0	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,055	6,710	6,345	89.8	90.2	89.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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