Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brampton CentreMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	104,557	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	102,270	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	35,737	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	34,323	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,396.9	...	...	2,396.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	43.62	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	104,555	52,195	52,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,210	8,840	8,365	16.5	16.9	16.0
0 to 4 years	5,530	2,850	2,680	5.3	5.5	5.1
5 to 9 years	5,735	2,940	2,790	5.5	5.6	5.3
10 to 14 years	5,945	3,050	2,900	5.7	5.8	5.5
15 to 64 years	71,845	36,210	35,630	68.7	69.4	68.0
15 to 19 years	6,065	3,110	2,955	5.8	6.0	5.6
20 to 24 years	8,305	4,670	3,635	7.9	8.9	6.9
25 to 29 years	8,515	4,570	3,945	8.1	8.8	7.5
30 to 34 years	7,890	3,925	3,965	7.5	7.5	7.6
35 to 39 years	7,520	3,595	3,925	7.2	6.9	7.5
40 to 44 years	6,865	3,270	3,590	6.6	6.3	6.9
45 to 49 years	6,385	3,060	3,330	6.1	5.9	6.4
50 to 54 years	6,725	3,280	3,445	6.4	6.3	6.6
55 to 59 years	7,165	3,530	3,640	6.9	6.8	7.0
60 to 64 years	6,400	3,195	3,205	6.1	6.1	6.1
65 years and over	15,505	7,140	8,370	14.8	13.7	16.0
65 to 69 years	4,855	2,275	2,585	4.6	4.4	4.9
70 to 74 years	4,135	1,930	2,205	4.0	3.7	4.2
75 to 79 years	3,045	1,385	1,660	2.9	2.7	3.2
80 to 84 years	2,015	905	1,105	1.9	1.7	2.1
85 years and over	1,455	640	810	1.4	1.2	1.5
85 to 89 years	1,025	485	540	1.0	0.9	1.0
90 to 94 years	345	135	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
95 to 99 years	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.5	16.9	16.0	16.5	16.9	16.0
15 to 64 years	68.7	69.4	68.0	68.7	69.4	68.0
65 years and over	14.8	13.7	16.0	14.8	13.7	16.0
85 years and over	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
Average age of the population	39.3	38.4	40.3	39.3	38.4	40.3
Median age of the population	37.6	36.4	39.2	37.6	36.4	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	34,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	10,985	...	...	32.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	5,490	...	...	16.0	...	...
Row house	4,975	...	...	14.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,550	...	...	4.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,830	...	...	8.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	8,490	...	...	24.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	34,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,250	...	...	18.2	...	...
2 persons	9,005	...	...	26.2	...	...
3 persons	6,900	...	...	20.1	...	...
4 persons	6,520	...	...	19.0	...	...
5 or more persons	5,645	...	...	16.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	103,545	51,595	51,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	87,350	43,350	43,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	45,110	22,580	22,530	51.6	52.1	51.2
Married	40,430	20,250	20,180	46.3	46.7	45.9
Living common-law	4,680	2,335	2,350	5.4	5.4	5.3
Living common law - Never married	3,090	1,510	1,585	3.5	3.5	3.6
Living common law - Separated	320	180	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,145	585	555	1.3	1.3	1.3
Living common law - Widowed	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	42,235	20,770	21,470	48.4	47.9	48.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	30,355	16,825	13,525	34.8	38.8	30.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,620	1,030	1,585	3.0	2.4	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,160	2,020	3,140	5.9	4.7	7.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,105	890	3,215	4.7	2.1	7.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,690	...	...	41.4	...	...
3 persons	7,435	...	...	26.3	...	...
4 persons	6,380	...	...	22.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,765	...	...	9.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	21,600	...	...	76.4	...	...
Married couples	19,265	...	...	68.1	...	...
With children⁶	12,460	...	...	44.1	...	...
Without children	6,805	...	...	24.1	...	...
Common-law couples	2,340	...	...	8.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,220	...	...	4.3	...	...
Without children	1,120	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,660	...	...	23.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,455	...	...	19.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,210	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	103,540	51,595	51,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	85,950	42,125	43,830	83.0	81.6	84.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	43,210	21,585	21,620	41.7	41.8	41.6
Parents in one-parent families	6,665	1,205	5,455	6.4	2.3	10.5
Children⁶	36,075	19,330	16,745	34.8	37.5	32.2
In a two-parent family	25,140	13,375	11,760	24.3	25.9	22.6
In a one-parent family	10,940	5,950	4,985	10.6	11.5	9.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,590	9,470	8,120	17.0	18.4	15.6
Living alone	6,255	3,050	3,200	6.0	5.9	6.2
Living with other relatives⁷	4,925	2,150	2,770	4.8	4.2	5.3
Living with non-relatives only	6,415	4,265	2,145	6.2	8.3	4.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	34,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,505	...	...	59.7	...	...
Couple-family households	16,105	...	...	46.9	...	...
With children⁶	10,515	...	...	30.6	...	...
Without children	5,585	...	...	16.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,395	...	...	12.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,730	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	580	...	...	1.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,220	...	...	6.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,045	...	...	6.0	...	...
One-person households	6,255	...	...	18.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	86,335	42,760	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,555	40,255	41,300	94.5	94.1	94.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,800	34,400	37,200	40,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,590	40,270	41,320	94.5	94.2	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,800	32,000	34,000	36,800	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,175	35,905	34,265	81.3	84.0	78.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	36,800	25,600	31,400	36,800	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,185	31,740	28,450	69.7	74.2	65.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,800	29,800	34,400	38,800	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,735	37,075	38,655	87.7	86.7	88.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	6,550	11,400	9,000	6,550	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,615	4,035	5,575	11.1	9.4	12.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,560	5,520	5,480	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,925	15,050	14,875	34.7	35.2	34.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	86,480	42,805	43,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,805	40,410	41,395	94.6	94.4	94.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,680	47,800	39,680	43,680	47,800	39,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,850	40,430	41,420	94.6	94.5	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,040	40,920	35,240	38,040	40,920	35,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,495	36,220	34,275	81.5	84.6	78.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,720	33,600	38,800	43,720	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,365	32,025	28,340	69.8	74.8	64.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,120	44,200	35,520	40,120	44,200	35,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,670	37,045	38,630	87.5	86.5	88.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,100	9,400	12,720	11,100	9,400	12,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,910	4,300	5,610	11.5	10.0	12.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,440	5,890	6,870	6,440	5,890	6,870
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,985	15,105	14,875	34.7	35.3	34.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,430	9,240	9,620	9,430	9,240	9,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	86,480	42,800	43,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,215	15,580	11,635	31.5	36.4	26.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	59,200	52,000	56,000	59,200	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,100	64,300	56,750	61,100	64,300	56,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,640	11,525	12,110	27.3	26.9	27.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	19,800	15,700	17,600	19,800	15,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,020	27,400	22,740	25,020	27,400	22,740
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.6	82.0	70.0	76.6	82.0	70.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.8	73.2	61.3	67.8	73.2	61.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.5	18.0	29.9	23.5	18.0	29.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.3	2.4	1.8	1.3	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.8	7.8	10.0	8.8	7.8	10.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.9	7.2	8.7	7.9	7.2	8.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	86,340	42,755	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,785	2,500	2,280	5.5	5.8	5.2
With total income	81,560	40,255	41,305	94.5	94.2	94.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,705	3,350	4,355	9.4	8.3	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	10,970	4,895	6,080	13.5	12.2	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	13,875	6,370	7,505	17.0	15.8	18.2
$30,000 to $39,999	11,310	5,245	6,070	13.9	13.0	14.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,195	4,825	5,375	12.5	12.0	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	7,965	3,960	4,010	9.8	9.8	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,920	3,185	2,740	7.3	7.9	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,180	2,355	1,820	5.1	5.9	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,090	1,915	1,175	3.8	4.8	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,045	1,335	705	2.5	3.3	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,305	2,830	1,475	5.3	7.0	3.6
$100,000 to $149,999	3,525	2,255	1,270	4.3	5.6	3.1
$150,000 and over	780	570	205	1.0	1.4	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	86,340	42,755	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,745	2,485	2,260	5.5	5.8	5.2
With after-tax income	81,595	40,275	41,315	94.5	94.2	94.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,865	3,410	4,455	9.6	8.5	10.8
$10,000 to $19,999	11,395	5,105	6,295	14.0	12.7	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	15,600	7,240	8,365	19.1	18.0	20.2
$30,000 to $39,999	13,660	6,450	7,205	16.7	16.0	17.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,460	5,675	5,780	14.0	14.1	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	8,225	4,325	3,895	10.1	10.7	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,460	3,100	2,365	6.7	7.7	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,300	2,015	1,280	4.0	5.0	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,090	1,240	845	2.6	3.1	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,065	655	410	1.3	1.6	1.0
$100,000 and over	1,480	1,050	425	1.8	2.6	1.0
$100,000 to $124,999	930	655	270	1.1	1.6	0.7
$125,000 and over	555	400	155	0.7	1.0	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	86,340	42,755	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,150	11,025	15,130	30.3	25.8	34.7
With employment income	60,185	31,735	28,450	69.7	74.2	65.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,315	4,015	4,305	13.8	12.7	15.1
$5,000 to $9,999	5,615	2,535	3,075	9.3	8.0	10.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,500	3,595	3,910	12.5	11.3	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,945	2,925	3,020	9.9	9.2	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,215	3,135	3,080	10.3	9.9	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	6,415	3,205	3,210	10.7	10.1	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,420	2,905	2,515	9.0	9.2	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	4,215	2,500	1,715	7.0	7.9	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,125	1,930	1,195	5.2	6.1	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,390	1,580	810	4.0	5.0	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,605	1,090	510	2.7	3.4	1.8
$100,000 and over	3,420	2,320	1,100	5.7	7.3	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,185	1,400	785	3.6	4.4	2.8
$125,000 and over	1,230	920	315	2.0	2.9	1.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	86,335	42,760	43,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,245	39,040	40,200	91.8	91.3	92.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,800	30,800	34,400	38,800	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,250	39,045	40,205	91.8	91.3	92.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,200	29,000	32,000	35,200	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,015	35,280	33,730	79.9	82.5	77.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,800	29,000	33,600	38,800	29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,800	31,460	28,340	69.3	73.6	65.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,400	32,000	36,000	40,400	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,695	34,310	36,385	81.9	80.2	83.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,840	890	5,200	1,840	890	5,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,545	2,155	3,390	6.4	5.0	7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,160	5,800	5,600	5,160	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	86,480	42,805	43,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,555	39,170	40,385	92.0	91.5	92.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,640	44,920	36,480	40,640	44,920	36,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,570	39,175	40,395	92.0	91.5	92.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,280	38,320	32,360	35,280	38,320	32,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,345	35,410	33,940	80.2	82.7	77.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,640	34,360	39,600	44,640	34,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,120	31,655	28,465	69.5	74.0	65.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,920	45,160	36,200	40,920	45,160	36,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,875	34,415	36,460	82.0	80.4	83.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	5,180	8,430	6,850	5,180	8,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,655	2,285	3,365	6.5	5.3	7.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,370	6,470	7,980	7,370	6,470	7,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	86,480	42,800	43,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,995	15,455	11,535	31.2	36.1	26.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	55,600	48,000	52,000	55,600	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,050	60,350	52,600	57,050	60,350	52,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,845	10,680	11,165	25.3	25.0	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	26,600	23,400	25,000	26,600	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,840	33,800	28,000	30,840	33,800	28,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	89.8	79.2	85.0	89.8	79.2
Employment income (%)	76.2	81.2	70.0	76.2	81.2	70.0
Government transfers (%)	15.0	10.1	20.8	15.0	10.1	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.8	1.8	1.3	0.8	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	34,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,255	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,070	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	34,345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...	104,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,700	...	...	90,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,080	...	...	50,080	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,040	...	...	43,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,100	...	...	116,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,200	...	...	101,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	34,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	225	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	240	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	485	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	755	...	...	2.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	815	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	815	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	955	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,120	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,085	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,385	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,525	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,430	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,475	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,390	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,495	...	...	45.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,130	...	...	14.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,780	...	...	11.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,090	...	...	11.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,485	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	34,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	235	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	250	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	505	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	790	...	...	2.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	915	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	960	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,140	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,290	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,320	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,840	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,050	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,975	...	...	8.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,880	...	...	8.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,620	...	...	7.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,405	...	...	36.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,185	...	...	15.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,160	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,055	...	...	11.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,065	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,665	7,320	5,345	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	34,400	34,400	34,400	34,400	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	32,000	32,400	32,400	32,000	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,300	...	...	113,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,600	...	...	98,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...	93,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,200	...	...	80,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,600	...	...	132,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,800	...	...	114,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,300	...	...	88,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,100	...	...	79,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,440	7,240	5,195	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	41,360	40,040	40,800	41,360	40,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,680	36,040	35,200	35,680	36,040	35,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	103,540	51,595	51,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,725	10,640	10,085	20.0	20.6	19.4
0 to 5 years	6,700	3,460	3,240	6.5	6.7	6.2
18 to 64 years	67,555	33,940	33,615	65.2	65.8	64.7
65 years and over	15,260	7,015	8,250	14.7	13.6	15.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,840	4,175	4,660	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,455	1,220	1,235	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	805	390	415	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,775	2,350	2,425	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,605	610	995	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.5	8.1	9.0	8.5	8.1	9.0
0 to 17 years (%)	11.9	11.5	12.3	11.9	11.5	12.3
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	11.2	12.9	12.0	11.2	12.9
18 to 64 years (%)	7.1	6.9	7.2	7.1	6.9	7.2
65 years and over (%)	10.5	8.6	12.1	10.5	8.6	12.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	103,540	51,595	51,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,725	10,645	10,080	20.0	20.6	19.4
0 to 5 years	6,700	3,460	3,240	6.5	6.7	6.2
18 to 64 years	67,555	33,940	33,615	65.2	65.8	64.7
65 years and over	15,265	7,010	8,250	14.7	13.6	15.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,415	3,630	2,780	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,095	575	525	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	345	170	175	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,785	2,830	1,955	...	...	...
65 years and over	535	225	310	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.2	7.0	5.4	6.2	7.0	5.4
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.1	4.8	5.4	5.1	4.8	5.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.1	8.3	5.8	7.1	8.3	5.8
65 years and over (%)	3.5	3.2	3.7	3.5	3.2	3.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	103,540	51,595	51,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	55,640	27,625	28,010	53.7	53.5	53.9
In bottom decile	9,465	5,020	4,445	9.1	9.7	8.6
In second decile	10,460	5,040	5,420	10.1	9.8	10.4
In third decile	11,735	5,725	6,015	11.3	11.1	11.6
In fourth decile	11,980	5,915	6,060	11.6	11.5	11.7
In fifth decile	11,995	5,925	6,070	11.6	11.5	11.7
In top half of the distribution	47,905	23,970	23,935	46.3	46.5	46.1
In sixth decile	11,760	5,865	5,895	11.4	11.4	11.3
In seventh decile	11,965	5,955	6,015	11.6	11.5	11.6
In eighth decile	10,655	5,320	5,335	10.3	10.3	10.3
In ninth decile	8,735	4,375	4,355	8.4	8.5	8.4
In top decile	4,790	2,455	2,330	4.6	4.8	4.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	103,540	...	...	103,540	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.266	...	...	0.266	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.390	...	...	0.390	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.238	...	...	0.238	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	103,690	51,655	52,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	95,835	48,370	47,460	92.4	93.6	91.2
French only	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	4,770	2,110	2,665	4.6	4.1	5.1
Neither English nor French	2,995	1,140	1,860	2.9	2.2	3.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	103,690	51,655	52,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	99,270	49,860	49,410	95.7	96.5	95.0
French	960	445	515	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and French	510	235	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Neither English nor French	2,955	1,115	1,830	2.8	2.2	3.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	103,690	51,655	52,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	96,030	47,790	48,235	92.6	92.5	92.7
Official languages	56,855	28,200	28,655	54.8	54.6	55.1
English	55,965	27,785	28,180	54.0	53.8	54.2
French	885	415	470	0.9	0.8	0.9
Non-official languages	39,175	19,590	19,585	37.8	37.9	37.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	39,170	19,590	19,585	37.8	37.9	37.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,470	720	755	1.4	1.4	1.5
Berber languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,355	660	695	1.3	1.3	1.3
Amharic	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arabic	825	400	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Aramaic languages	355	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	260	120	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	810	395	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	790	390	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,275	1,405	1,870	3.2	2.7	3.6
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,745	1,170	1,570	2.6	2.3	3.0
Waray-Waray	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	2,305	1,165	1,145	2.2	2.3	2.2
Kannada	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	495	255	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamil	1,275	625	645	1.2	1.2	1.2
Telugu	455	245	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tulu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	28,745	14,700	14,050	27.7	28.5	27.0
Albanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,415	690	725	1.4	1.3	1.4
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,405	680	725	1.4	1.3	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	670	325	345	0.6	0.6	0.7
Russian	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	275	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	470	225	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	340	155	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	335	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	20,480	10,740	9,740	19.8	20.8	18.7
Indo-Aryan languages	19,570	10,290	9,280	18.9	19.9	17.8
Assamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	560	275	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gujarati	1,925	965	965	1.9	1.9	1.9
Hindi	2,605	1,360	1,245	2.5	2.6	2.4
Kacchi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	280	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oriya languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10,000	5,500	4,500	9.6	10.6	8.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	310	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Urdu	3,525	1,710	1,820	3.4	3.3	3.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	905	445	460	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	250	135	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian languages	625	295	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Dari	455	205	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Iranian Persian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,185	2,955	3,235	6.0	5.7	6.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,040	510	530	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portuguese	1,685	800	880	1.6	1.5	1.7
Romanian	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Spanish	3,320	1,575	1,740	3.2	3.0	3.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	930	435	495	0.9	0.8	1.0
Akan (Twi)	385	170	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	160	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,000	465	535	1.0	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	945	435	515	0.9	0.8	1.0
Hakka	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	415	195	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	465	215	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,660	3,865	3,795	7.4	7.5	7.3
English and French	335	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	6,575	3,315	3,255	6.3	6.4	6.3
French and non-official language(s)	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	570	280	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	103,690	51,655	52,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	57,450	28,515	28,935	55.4	55.2	55.6
French	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	11,505	5,765	5,735	11.1	11.2	11.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	11,505	5,765	5,735	11.1	11.2	11.0
English and French	775	370	410	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	31,245	15,705	15,545	30.1	30.4	29.9
French and non-official language(s)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	710	300	410	0.7	0.6	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	1,665	840	830	1.6	1.6	1.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	103,690	51,655	52,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	94,575	47,085	47,485	91.2	91.2	91.3
Official languages	68,760	34,005	34,755	66.3	65.8	66.8
English	68,310	33,785	34,525	65.9	65.4	66.4
French	450	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	25,815	13,080	12,730	24.9	25.3	24.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,815	13,080	12,730	24.9	25.3	24.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	930	450	485	0.9	0.9	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	875	425	455	0.8	0.8	0.9
Amharic	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	530	260	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	275	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	595	290	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	585	290	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,830	870	965	1.8	1.7	1.9
Bikol	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,595	750	845	1.5	1.5	1.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,690	845	845	1.6	1.6	1.6
Kannada	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	300	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	1,020	495	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
Telugu	310	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tulu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	19,390	9,965	9,425	18.7	19.3	18.1
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	670	335	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	670	335	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15,405	8,085	7,325	14.9	15.7	14.1
Indo-Aryan languages	14,860	7,830	7,025	14.3	15.2	13.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	365	185	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Gujarati	1,480	735	740	1.4	1.4	1.4
Hindi	1,810	930	880	1.7	1.8	1.7
Kacchi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,120	4,510	3,610	7.8	8.7	6.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	2,520	1,195	1,325	2.4	2.3	2.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	545	250	295	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian languages	360	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Dari	250	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian Persian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,215	1,500	1,715	3.1	2.9	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	310	135	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	750	350	405	0.7	0.7	0.8
Romanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,100	985	1,115	2.0	1.9	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	675	330	345	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	650	310	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	305	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,115	4,570	4,545	8.8	8.8	8.7
English and French	175	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	8,670	4,360	4,310	8.4	8.4	8.3
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	103,690	51,655	52,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	76,020	37,815	38,210	73.3	73.2	73.4
English	10,145	5,130	5,015	9.8	9.9	9.6
French	660	315	350	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	11,990	5,890	6,105	11.6	11.4	11.7
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	11,990	5,890	6,100	11.6	11.4	11.7
English and French	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,690	1,445	1,250	2.6	2.8	2.4
French and non-official language(s)	315	115	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,730	885	845	1.7	1.7	1.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	103,835	51,690	52,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	100,945	50,575	50,370	97.2	97.8	96.6
English	100,875	50,530	50,350	97.1	97.8	96.6
French	4,975	2,105	2,870	4.8	4.1	5.5
Non-official languages	52,500	26,180	26,320	50.6	50.6	50.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	52,485	26,175	26,310	50.5	50.6	50.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,200	1,110	1,090	2.1	2.1	2.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,035	1,000	1,030	2.0	1.9	2.0
Amharic	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,625	800	825	1.6	1.5	1.6
Aramaic languages	420	205	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,255	600	655	1.2	1.2	1.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,235	595	640	1.2	1.2	1.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,250	1,725	2,525	4.1	3.3	4.8
Bikol	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	320	130	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,095	1,655	2,445	3.9	3.2	4.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	495	220	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Haitian Creole	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	235	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	3,235	1,690	1,545	3.1	3.3	3.0
Kannada	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malayalam	725	380	345	0.7	0.7	0.7
Tamil	1,780	885	895	1.7	1.7	1.7
Telugu	860	500	365	0.8	1.0	0.7
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	39,200	20,075	19,120	37.8	38.8	36.7
Albanian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,835	865	970	1.8	1.7	1.9
Baltic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,815	850	965	1.7	1.6	1.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	850	410	445	0.8	0.8	0.9
Russian	320	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	425	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	225	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	270	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	785	355	430	0.8	0.7	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	595	280	320	0.6	0.5	0.6
German	570	270	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	145	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	27,875	14,745	13,130	26.8	28.5	25.2
Indo-Aryan languages	26,965	14,325	12,640	26.0	27.7	24.2
Assamese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,065	555	510	1.0	1.1	1.0
Gujarati	3,015	1,500	1,515	2.9	2.9	2.9
Hindi	12,455	6,620	5,835	12.0	12.8	11.2
Kacchi	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Marathi	555	290	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Nepali	375	180	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Oriya languages	50	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	14,315	7,965	6,340	13.8	15.4	12.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	435	230	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Urdu	6,155	3,100	3,055	5.9	6.0	5.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,145	540	595	1.1	1.0	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	360	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian languages	905	425	480	0.9	0.8	0.9
Dari	675	305	370	0.7	0.6	0.7
Iranian Persian	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,840	4,225	4,610	8.5	8.2	8.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,585	790	795	1.5	1.5	1.5
Portuguese	2,310	1,065	1,245	2.2	2.1	2.4
Romanian	225	80	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Spanish	5,010	2,415	2,590	4.8	4.7	5.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,835	830	1,005	1.8	1.6	1.9
Akan (Twi)	735	315	420	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Éwé	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	230	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	405	190	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,155	520	630	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese languages	1,080	480	600	1.0	0.9	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	600	250	350	0.6	0.5	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	585	265	320	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	260	120	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lao	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	120	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	190	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,835	51,690	52,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,075	480	595	1.0	0.9	1.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	955	435	515	0.9	0.8	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	675	275	395	0.7	0.5	0.8
Métis	270	155	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	102,760	51,210	51,550	99.0	99.1	98.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,835	51,690	52,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,615	51,585	52,035	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	34,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,690	...	...	69.0	...	...
Renter	10,650	...	...	31.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	34,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,255	...	...	21.1	...	...
Not condominium	27,085	...	...	78.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	34,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	160	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	3,375	...	...	9.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,355	...	...	18.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,775	...	...	40.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,680	...	...	31.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	34,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,755	...	...	28.4	...	...
5 rooms	5,900	...	...	17.2	...	...
6 rooms	5,860	...	...	17.1	...	...
7 rooms	4,725	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,105	...	...	23.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	34,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	31,875	...	...	92.8	...	...
More than one person per room	2,465	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	34,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	29,435	...	...	85.7	...	...
Not suitable	4,905	...	...	14.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	34,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,925	...	...	5.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	18,170	...	...	52.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,095	...	...	20.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,340	...	...	9.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,415	...	...	4.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,010	...	...	2.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	820	...	...	2.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	570	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	34,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	32,445	...	...	94.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,900	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	34,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,555	...	...	45.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	14,710	...	...	42.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,075	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	34,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	630	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,110	...	...	12.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,525	...	...	19.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,810	...	...	19.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,505	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,025	...	...	14.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,890	...	...	8.4	...	...
85 years and over	845	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	34,245	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	24,360	...	...	71.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,885	...	...	28.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,120	...	...	26.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	34,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,755	...	...	43.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,250	...	...	24.0	...	...
Not suitable only	3,600	...	...	10.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,035	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,015	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	575	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	240	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	19,585	...	...	57.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	33,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,640	...	...	16.8	...	...
Not in core need	27,840	...	...	83.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,690	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.6	...	...	68.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.2	...	...	26.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.4	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820	...	...	1,820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820	...	...	1,820	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	744,000	...	...	744,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,655	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.5	...	...	11.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.9	...	...	34.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	29.0	...	...	29.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,510	...	...	1,510	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,518	...	...	1,518	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	103,840	51,685	52,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	260	110	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Métis single ancestry	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,275	595	685	1.2	1.2	1.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,250	580	670	1.2	1.1	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	970	445	525	0.9	0.9	1.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	245	135	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	102,305	50,985	51,315	98.5	98.6	98.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	103,835	51,685	52,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	83,375	40,665	42,710	80.3	78.7	81.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,510	9,400	9,115	17.8	18.2	17.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	64,870	31,265	33,600	62.5	60.5	64.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	20,460	11,025	9,435	19.7	21.3	18.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	103,835	51,685	52,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	47,730	24,070	23,660	46.0	46.6	45.4
Immigrants⁸¹	49,945	23,705	26,235	48.1	45.9	50.3
Before 1980	8,445	3,940	4,505	8.1	7.6	8.6
1980 to 1990	5,560	2,695	2,860	5.4	5.2	5.5
1991 to 2000	9,335	4,260	5,075	9.0	8.2	9.7
2001 to 2010	11,655	5,405	6,245	11.2	10.5	12.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	14,955	7,410	7,550	14.4	14.3	14.5
2011 to 2015	6,680	3,325	3,355	6.4	6.4	6.4
2016 to 2021	8,270	4,085	4,190	8.0	7.9	8.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,155	3,905	2,250	5.9	7.6	4.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	49,950	23,705	26,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,755	1,960	1,795	7.5	8.3	6.8
5 to 14 years	8,195	4,025	4,175	16.4	17.0	15.9
15 to 24 years	10,410	4,485	5,920	20.8	18.9	22.6
25 to 44 years	22,845	11,125	11,715	45.7	46.9	44.6
45 years and over	4,745	2,110	2,635	9.5	8.9	10.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	49,950	23,705	26,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	12,700	5,720	6,985	25.4	24.1	26.6
Brazil	110	60	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Colombia	355	145	205	0.7	0.6	0.8
El Salvador	495	265	235	1.0	1.1	0.9
Guyana	2,495	1,135	1,360	5.0	4.8	5.2
Haiti	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	4,295	1,920	2,375	8.6	8.1	9.1
Mexico	215	75	145	0.4	0.3	0.6
Peru	125	55	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	1,445	580	865	2.9	2.4	3.3
United States of America	560	310	255	1.1	1.3	1.0
Other places of birth in Americas	2,560	1,165	1,390	5.1	4.9	5.3
Europe	6,605	3,120	3,485	13.2	13.2	13.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	80	35	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Croatia	105	40	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
France	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	315	160	155	0.6	0.7	0.6
Greece	125	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hungary	95	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italy	800	430	365	1.6	1.8	1.4
Netherlands	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	595	285	310	1.2	1.2	1.2
Portugal	1,440	645	790	2.9	2.7	3.0
Romania	180	75	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian Federation	70	40	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	130	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,835	865	970	3.7	3.6	3.7
Other places of birth in Europe	645	295	355	1.3	1.2	1.4
Africa	2,900	1,335	1,565	5.8	5.6	6.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75	35	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Egypt	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrea	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopia	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigeria	665	310	360	1.3	1.3	1.4
Somalia	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	85	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	1,755	810	945	3.5	3.4	3.6
Asia	27,585	13,475	14,115	55.2	56.8	53.8
Afghanistan	555	260	290	1.1	1.1	1.1
Iran⁸⁸	150	85	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iraq	795	405	390	1.6	1.7	1.5
Lebanon	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	165	85	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Turkey	60	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	365	145	220	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	100	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	4,085	1,745	2,340	8.2	7.4	8.9
Viet Nam	970	470	505	1.9	2.0	1.9
Bangladesh	595	305	285	1.2	1.3	1.1
India	13,590	6,865	6,725	27.2	29.0	25.6
Pakistan	3,595	1,740	1,860	7.2	7.3	7.1
Sri Lanka	980	505	480	2.0	2.1	1.8
Other places of birth in Asia	1,350	660	685	2.7	2.8	2.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	150	60	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	8,270	4,080	4,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,250	620	630	15.1	15.2	15.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	55	25	25	0.7	0.6	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	595	300	295	7.2	7.4	7.0
Mexico	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
United States of America	125	80	45	1.5	2.0	1.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	445	215	235	5.4	5.3	5.6
Europe	180	90	95	2.2	2.2	2.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.4
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	115	55	60	1.4	1.3	1.4
Africa	490	225	260	5.9	5.5	6.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Egypt	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	220	90	130	2.7	2.2	3.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	150	70	85	1.8	1.7	2.0
Asia	6,335	3,140	3,200	76.6	77.0	76.4
Afghanistan	135	65	65	1.6	1.6	1.6
Bangladesh	80	45	40	1.0	1.1	1.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	4,315	2,260	2,050	52.2	55.4	48.9
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iraq	240	105	130	2.9	2.6	3.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nepal	65	30	40	0.8	0.7	1.0
Pakistan	595	225	370	7.2	5.5	8.8
Philippines	570	255	320	6.9	6.3	7.6
Saudi Arabia	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Sri Lanka	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	85	40	50	1.0	1.0	1.2
Turkey	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
United Arab Emirates	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Viet Nam	55	15	40	0.7	0.4	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	40	20	0.7	1.0	0.5
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	103,835	51,690	52,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	56,720	27,905	28,815	54.6	54.0	55.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	28,090	14,285	13,805	27.1	27.6	26.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	19,025	9,495	9,530	18.3	18.4	18.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	41,505	19,765	21,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	18,940	9,580	9,355	45.6	48.5	43.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	8,315	5,180	3,135	20.0	26.2	14.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10,625	4,400	6,220	25.6	22.3	28.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	16,445	7,020	9,430	39.6	35.5	43.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,595	2,945	2,650	13.5	14.9	12.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	520	220	300	1.3	1.1	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	41,505	19,765	21,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,830	1,480	1,350	6.8	7.5	6.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,745	1,675	2,075	9.0	8.5	9.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	385	145	240	0.9	0.7	1.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,995	1,130	865	4.8	5.7	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	210	85	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	32,330	15,250	17,085	77.9	77.2	78.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	103,835	51,690	52,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	70,285	35,095	35,195	67.7	67.9	67.5
South Asian	33,555	17,720	15,835	32.3	34.3	30.4
Chinese	1,100	485	620	1.1	0.9	1.2
Black	15,845	7,610	8,235	15.3	14.7	15.8
Filipino	5,330	2,365	2,965	5.1	4.6	5.7
Arab	1,280	635	635	1.2	1.2	1.2
Latin American	4,675	2,300	2,375	4.5	4.4	4.6
Southeast Asian	1,790	855	940	1.7	1.7	1.8
West Asian	1,175	565	610	1.1	1.1	1.2
Korean	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	3,435	1,615	1,820	3.3	3.1	3.5
Multiple visible minorities	1,890	845	1,050	1.8	1.6	2.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	33,550	16,600	16,950	32.3	32.1	32.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	103,835	51,690	52,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,810	4,425	4,390	8.5	8.6	8.4
English	7,835	3,800	4,035	7.5	7.4	7.7
Irish	6,500	3,170	3,320	6.3	6.1	6.4
Scottish	5,925	2,935	2,990	5.7	5.7	5.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,500	1,210	1,290	2.4	2.3	2.5
German	2,895	1,460	1,440	2.8	2.8	2.8
Chinese	1,770	725	1,040	1.7	1.4	2.0
Italian	4,355	2,260	2,095	4.2	4.4	4.0
Indian (India)	18,100	9,595	8,500	17.4	18.6	16.3
Ukrainian	1,020	475	545	1.0	0.9	1.0
Dutch	930	475	460	0.9	0.9	0.9
Polish	1,515	715	795	1.5	1.4	1.5
Québécois	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,145	1,070	1,070	2.1	2.1	2.1
Filipino	5,050	2,250	2,800	4.9	4.4	5.4
French Canadian	550	260	295	0.5	0.5	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	895	345	555	0.9	0.7	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	380	155	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Métis	310	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	965	490	470	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian	370	180	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Norwegian	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	620	305	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	3,800	1,880	1,920	3.7	3.6	3.7
American	430	235	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Spanish	1,985	960	1,020	1.9	1.9	2.0
Swedish	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	550	240	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Acadian	110	75	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	4,230	2,145	2,090	4.1	4.1	4.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	3,370	1,690	1,680	3.2	3.3	3.2
Jewish	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	3,400	1,830	1,570	3.3	3.5	3.0
Vietnamese	1,265	590	670	1.2	1.1	1.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	545	275	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Greek	490	230	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jamaican	5,950	2,820	3,125	5.7	5.5	6.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,350	665	690	1.3	1.3	1.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	290	105	185	0.3	0.2	0.4
Lebanese	175	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	195	120	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	570	300	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Danish	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	180	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sikh	2,390	1,375	1,015	2.3	2.7	1.9
Austrian	320	125	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Belgian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	2,770	1,450	1,315	2.7	2.8	2.5
Mexican	250	95	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	80	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sri Lankan	960	485	480	0.9	0.9	0.9
Croatian	350	190	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japanese	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,875	930	945	1.8	1.8	1.8
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	355	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	815	465	345	0.8	0.9	0.7
Egyptian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	595	305	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tamil	625	295	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Icelandic	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombian	405	185	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moroccan	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	2,355	1,055	1,300	2.3	2.0	2.5
Afghan	840	375	470	0.8	0.7	0.9
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,205	590	620	1.2	1.1	1.2
Serbian	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	270	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	360	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Persian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,340	630	710	1.3	1.2	1.4
Turkish	155	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	560	300	260	0.5	0.6	0.5
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	500	245	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Armenian	60	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	335	155	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Salvadorean	615	325	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
African Caribbean	1,055	425	625	1.0	0.8	1.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	585	315	265	0.6	0.6	0.5
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,000	435	565	1.0	0.8	1.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,110	485	625	1.1	0.9	1.2
Lithuanian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	350	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Congolese	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	420	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Peruvian	190	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	295	170	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	330	185	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Macedonian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	535	240	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
Eritrean	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Canadian	520	245	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Israeli	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	735	335	400	0.7	0.6	0.8
Barbadian	325	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
African American	300	125	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroonian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	335	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indonesian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	275	120	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ilocano	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern Irish	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	505	215	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
Franco Ontarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	195	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	325	180	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	275	120	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Igbo	260	110	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Byelorussian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kenyan	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	250	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jordanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Malayali	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mayan	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	215	75	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	195	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ugandan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Singaporean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	103,835	51,685	52,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,310	660	650	1.3	1.3	1.2
Christian	51,605	24,165	27,435	49.7	46.8	52.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,810	5,765	6,050	11.4	11.2	11.6
Anabaptist	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,610	1,185	1,425	2.5	2.3	2.7
Baptist	1,075	460	615	1.0	0.9	1.2
Catholic	25,205	11,930	13,265	24.3	23.1	25.4
Christian Orthodox	1,210	570	635	1.2	1.1	1.2
Jehovah's Witness	540	215	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	165	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	290	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	255	130	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,785	1,100	1,685	2.7	2.1	3.2
Presbyterian	920	405	510	0.9	0.8	1.0
Reformed	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,115	940	1,175	2.0	1.8	2.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,510	1,170	1,340	2.4	2.3	2.6
Hindu	12,940	6,695	6,245	12.5	13.0	12.0
Jewish	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Muslim	9,840	4,960	4,880	9.5	9.6	9.4
Sikh	10,660	5,955	4,710	10.3	11.5	9.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	600	250	355	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	16,730	8,925	7,800	16.1	17.3	15.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	102,760	51,195	51,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	90,840	44,515	46,325	88.4	87.0	89.8
Movers	11,920	6,680	5,240	11.6	13.0	10.2
Non-migrants	7,795	4,325	3,470	7.6	8.4	6.7
Migrants	4,120	2,355	1,770	4.0	4.6	3.4
Internal migrants	2,815	1,600	1,205	2.7	3.1	2.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,555	1,455	1,105	2.5	2.8	2.1
Interprovincial migrants	250	150	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
External migrants	1,310	745	560	1.3	1.5	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	98,245	48,875	49,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	59,955	29,230	30,725	61.0	59.8	62.2
Movers	38,290	19,645	18,645	39.0	40.2	37.8
Non-migrants	16,350	8,045	8,305	16.6	16.5	16.8
Migrants	21,935	11,590	10,345	22.3	23.7	21.0
Internal migrants	11,585	5,745	5,835	11.8	11.8	11.8
Intraprovincial migrants	10,465	5,125	5,335	10.7	10.5	10.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,125	620	500	1.1	1.3	1.0
External migrants	10,350	5,845	4,500	10.5	12.0	9.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,480	42,800	43,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,895	7,880	8,010	18.4	18.4	18.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,590	34,920	35,670	81.6	81.6	81.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	57,040	28,175	28,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,340	3,905	3,435	12.9	13.9	11.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,700	24,265	25,430	87.1	86.1	88.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,485	42,805	43,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,860	7,235	7,620	17.2	16.9	17.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	27,120	13,725	13,390	31.4	32.1	30.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,505	21,835	22,670	51.5	51.0	51.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,460	11,790	11,675	27.1	27.5	26.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,895	2,705	1,190	4.5	6.3	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,070	1,295	775	2.4	3.0	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,825	1,410	415	2.1	3.3	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,010	7,855	9,155	19.7	18.4	21.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,560	1,230	1,330	3.0	2.9	3.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,035	10,045	10,990	24.3	23.5	25.2
Bachelor's degree	14,005	6,655	7,355	16.2	15.5	16.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,475	720	750	1.7	1.7	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	365	160	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	4,885	2,375	2,515	5.6	5.5	5.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	305	145	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	57,040	28,180	28,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,720	3,560	3,165	11.8	12.6	11.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,030	8,355	7,675	28.1	29.6	26.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,285	16,260	18,025	60.1	57.7	62.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,730	8,025	8,710	29.3	28.5	30.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,610	1,790	820	4.6	6.4	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,455	905	550	2.6	3.2	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,155	885	270	2.0	3.1	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,295	5,385	6,915	21.6	19.1	24.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,820	850	975	3.2	3.0	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,555	8,240	9,315	30.8	29.2	32.3
Bachelor's degree	11,420	5,415	6,005	20.0	19.2	20.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,180	540	640	2.1	1.9	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	320	120	200	0.6	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	4,415	2,090	2,325	7.7	7.4	8.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	225	80	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	86,480	42,805	43,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	41,980	20,970	21,015	48.5	49.0	48.1
Education	1,765	330	1,440	2.0	0.8	3.3
13. Education	1,765	330	1,440	2.0	0.8	3.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,220	575	640	1.4	1.3	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	180	140	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,040	435	600	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	2,580	935	1,645	3.0	2.2	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	50	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	480	135	350	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,355	505	850	1.6	1.2	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	170	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,685	1,365	3,320	5.4	3.2	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	570	270	300	0.7	0.6	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,130	90	1,035	1.3	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	915	310	610	1.1	0.7	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	640	120	520	0.7	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,305	540	765	1.5	1.3	1.8
Business, management and public administration	11,420	4,965	6,455	13.2	11.6	14.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	740	135	605	0.9	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,660	4,820	5,845	12.3	11.3	13.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,000	935	1,065	2.3	2.2	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	795	280	520	0.9	0.7	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	565	295	270	0.7	0.7	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	505	300	210	0.6	0.7	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,345	2,135	1,205	3.9	5.0	2.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,960	1,950	1,010	3.4	4.6	2.3
25. Library science	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	290	155	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,965	8,040	930	10.4	18.8	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	345	220	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	3,085	2,530	555	3.6	5.9	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,155	1,955	205	2.5	4.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,070	1,050	15	1.2	2.5	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,540	1,520	15	1.8	3.6	0.0
48. Precision production	775	770	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	645	385	260	0.7	0.9	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	515	300	215	0.6	0.7	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	85	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	5,620	1,065	4,560	6.5	2.5	10.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	390	215	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,195	835	4,360	6.0	2.0	10.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,245	1,100	1,145	2.6	2.6	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,175	305	865	1.4	0.7	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	650	430	220	0.8	1.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	410	350	55	0.5	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	57,040	28,175	28,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,750	11,915	10,835	39.9	42.3	37.5
Education	1,265	210	1,050	2.2	0.7	3.6
13. Education	1,265	210	1,050	2.2	0.7	3.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	900	420	480	1.6	1.5	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	95	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	775	325	450	1.4	1.2	1.6
Humanities	1,925	680	1,245	3.4	2.4	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	15	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	370	90	280	0.6	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,005	375	635	1.8	1.3	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	60	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,810	1,095	2,720	6.7	3.9	9.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	475	220	255	0.8	0.8	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	880	60	815	1.5	0.2	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	785	245	535	1.4	0.9	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	510	100	410	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,055	430	620	1.8	1.5	2.1
Business, management and public administration	8,835	3,610	5,230	15.5	12.8	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	590	85	505	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,225	3,510	4,715	14.4	12.5	16.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,505	680	825	2.6	2.4	2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	630	225	405	1.1	0.8	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	405	200	200	0.7	0.7	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	375	215	160	0.7	0.8	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,815	1,790	1,025	4.9	6.4	3.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,520	1,655	865	4.4	5.9	3.0
25. Library science	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	230	115	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,625	5,860	770	11.6	20.8	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	265	155	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	2,620	2,130	485	4.6	7.6	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,540	1,380	160	2.7	4.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	695	695	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,040	1,030	10	1.8	3.7	0.0
48. Precision production	475	470	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	515	305	210	0.9	1.1	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	420	250	170	0.7	0.9	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	95	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	4,420	815	3,605	7.7	2.9	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	290	160	130	0.5	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,110	650	3,460	7.2	2.3	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,655	805	850	2.9	2.9	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	865	235	640	1.5	0.8	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	485	305	180	0.9	1.1	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	300	270	35	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	57,040	28,175	28,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,750	11,915	10,835	39.9	42.3	37.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,285	16,260	18,025	60.1	57.7	62.5
Location of study inside Canada	19,800	9,010	10,790	34.7	32.0	37.4
Same as province or territory of residence	18,825	8,430	10,400	33.0	29.9	36.0
Different than province or territory of residence	975	580	395	1.7	2.1	1.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	14,485	7,250	7,235	25.4	25.7	25.1
Americas	1,755	935	820	3.1	3.3	2.8
United States of America	465	255	210	0.8	0.9	0.7
Mexico	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	395	205	195	0.7	0.7	0.7
Brazil	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	100	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	585	320	265	1.0	1.1	0.9
Europe	915	480	430	1.6	1.7	1.5
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	150	60	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romania	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	345	230	120	0.6	0.8	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	155	65	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Africa	595	285	310	1.0	1.0	1.1
Nigeria	235	120	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	250	120	130	0.4	0.4	0.5
Asia	11,135	5,505	5,630	19.5	19.5	19.5
Iran⁸⁸	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	125	75	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	160	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	1,660	655	1,005	2.9	2.3	3.5
Viet Nam	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	230	100	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lanka	155	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
India	7,180	3,650	3,530	12.6	13.0	12.2
Pakistan	1,130	600	530	2.0	2.1	1.8
Other locations of study in Asia	270	135	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Oceania	90	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australia	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	86,485	42,805	43,680	...	...	...
In the labour force	56,170	30,115	26,050	...	...	...
Employed	48,195	26,440	21,755	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,975	3,680	4,295	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,310	12,680	17,630	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.9	70.4	59.6	64.9	70.4	59.6
Employment rate	55.7	61.8	49.8	55.7	61.8	49.8
Unemployment rate	14.2	12.2	16.5	14.2	12.2	16.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	86,480	42,805	43,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,195	14,285	18,910	38.4	33.4	43.3
Worked	53,285	28,515	24,765	61.6	66.6	56.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,090	16,120	11,970	32.5	37.7	27.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,200	12,400	12,800	29.1	29.0	29.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	41.0	38.8	40.0	41.0	38.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	56,165	30,120	26,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,060	955	1,105	3.7	3.2	4.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	54,110	29,165	24,950	96.3	96.8	95.8
Employee	48,035	24,870	23,165	85.5	82.6	88.9
Permanent position	40,905	21,470	19,440	72.8	71.3	74.6
Temporary position	7,130	3,405	3,725	12.7	11.3	14.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,300	1,070	1,235	4.1	3.6	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,830	2,335	2,495	8.6	7.8	9.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,075	4,290	1,785	10.8	14.2	6.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	56,165	30,120	26,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,060	955	1,105	3.7	3.2	4.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	54,110	29,165	24,950	96.3	96.8	95.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	275	155	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,160	3,660	6,505	18.1	12.2	25.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,735	3,555	1,180	8.4	11.8	4.5
3 Health occupations	2,665	365	2,300	4.7	1.2	8.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,745	985	2,765	6.7	3.3	10.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	980	480	505	1.7	1.6	1.9
6 Sales and service occupations	13,060	5,215	7,845	23.3	17.3	30.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,045	11,330	1,715	23.2	37.6	6.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	400	315	80	0.7	1.0	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,045	3,110	1,935	9.0	10.3	7.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	56,165	30,120	26,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,060	955	1,105	3.7	3.2	4.2
All industries¹⁹¹	54,110	29,165	24,950	96.3	96.8	95.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
22 Utilities	170	125	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
23 Construction	3,670	3,125	540	6.5	10.4	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	7,680	5,075	2,605	13.7	16.8	10.0
41 Wholesale trade	2,995	1,880	1,115	5.3	6.2	4.3
44-45 Retail trade	6,495	2,965	3,535	11.6	9.8	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,715	5,380	2,330	13.7	17.9	8.9
51 Information and cultural industries	1,070	660	405	1.9	2.2	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	2,410	975	1,430	4.3	3.2	5.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,100	640	460	2.0	2.1	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,775	2,140	1,630	6.7	7.1	6.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	155	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,305	1,710	1,600	5.9	5.7	6.1
61 Educational services	2,485	680	1,800	4.4	2.3	6.9
62 Health care and social assistance	4,455	655	3,800	7.9	2.2	14.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	575	310	260	1.0	1.0	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,645	925	1,720	4.7	3.1	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,755	1,080	675	3.1	3.6	2.6
91 Public administration	1,515	675	845	2.7	2.2	3.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	58,995	31,510	27,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,575	29,165	25,405	92.5	92.6	92.4
French	110	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	400	235	160	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	400	235	160	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	760	270	485	1.3	0.9	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	3,055	1,760	1,295	5.2	5.6	4.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	58,995	31,510	27,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,985	30,985	27,000	98.3	98.3	98.2
Official languages	57,125	30,495	26,640	96.8	96.8	96.9
English	56,970	30,435	26,530	96.6	96.6	96.5
French	155	55	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official languages	855	495	360	1.4	1.6	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	855	495	360	1.4	1.6	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	735	445	290	1.2	1.4	1.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	535	325	210	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	525	315	210	0.9	1.0	0.8
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	410	260	150	0.7	0.8	0.5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	170	110	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	115	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,005	525	485	1.7	1.7	1.8
English and French	280	85	190	0.5	0.3	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	715	435	280	1.2	1.4	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	58,995	31,510	27,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,945	29,890	26,055	94.8	94.9	94.8
English	415	235	185	0.7	0.7	0.7
French	445	175	270	0.8	0.6	1.0
Non-official language	1,670	965	700	2.8	3.1	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,670	965	700	2.8	3.1	2.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	430	220	215	0.7	0.7	0.8
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	48,195	26,440	21,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,445	4,115	5,330	19.6	15.6	24.5
Worked outside Canada	150	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
No fixed workplace address	7,185	5,455	1,730	14.9	20.6	8.0
Usual place of work	31,415	16,785	14,630	65.2	63.5	67.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,415	16,785	14,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,945	6,590	7,360	44.4	39.3	50.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,190	5,375	3,815	29.3	32.0	26.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,235	4,795	3,440	26.2	28.6	23.5
Commute to a different province or territory	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	38,600	22,240	16,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	31,950	19,195	12,750	82.8	86.3	77.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	28,065	17,800	10,265	72.7	80.0	62.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,880	1,395	2,490	10.1	6.3	15.2
Public transit	4,700	2,165	2,535	12.2	9.7	15.5
Walked	915	370	540	2.4	1.7	3.3
Bicycle	90	70	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other method	950	435	510	2.5	2.0	3.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	38,600	22,240	16,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,470	3,830	3,635	19.4	17.2	22.2
15 to 29 minutes	14,445	8,120	6,320	37.4	36.5	38.6
30 to 44 minutes	9,465	5,915	3,545	24.5	26.6	21.7
45 to 59 minutes	3,270	2,015	1,250	8.5	9.1	7.6
60 minutes and over	3,960	2,350	1,610	10.3	10.6	9.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	38,600	22,240	16,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,660	2,595	1,060	9.5	11.7	6.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,855	4,600	2,255	17.8	20.7	13.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,845	4,290	3,560	20.3	19.3	21.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,280	3,075	3,210	16.3	13.8	19.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,905	2,405	2,500	12.7	10.8	15.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,060	5,280	3,775	23.5	23.7	23.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,145	10,860	10,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,650	850	800	7.8	7.8	7.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,490	10,000	9,485	92.2	92.1	92.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,225	7,810	7,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,320	680	635	8.7	8.7	8.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	950	485	465	6.2	6.2	6.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	365	200	175	2.4	2.6	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,905	7,125	6,780	91.3	91.2	91.4

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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