Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brampton EastMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	131,677	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	122,000	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	31,231	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	30,479	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,558.6	...	...	1,558.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	84.48	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	131,680	66,235	65,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,440	12,290	11,150	17.8	18.6	17.0
0 to 4 years	6,305	3,275	3,035	4.8	4.9	4.6
5 to 9 years	7,710	4,115	3,590	5.9	6.2	5.5
10 to 14 years	9,425	4,900	4,530	7.2	7.4	6.9
15 to 64 years	92,720	46,585	46,130	70.4	70.3	70.5
15 to 19 years	9,905	5,260	4,650	7.5	7.9	7.1
20 to 24 years	11,930	6,440	5,490	9.1	9.7	8.4
25 to 29 years	10,790	5,655	5,130	8.2	8.5	7.8
30 to 34 years	9,035	4,495	4,540	6.9	6.8	6.9
35 to 39 years	8,815	4,110	4,710	6.7	6.2	7.2
40 to 44 years	9,485	4,335	5,155	7.2	6.5	7.9
45 to 49 years	9,745	4,650	5,095	7.4	7.0	7.8
50 to 54 years	8,880	4,515	4,365	6.7	6.8	6.7
55 to 59 years	7,775	3,915	3,855	5.9	5.9	5.9
60 to 64 years	6,360	3,220	3,145	4.8	4.9	4.8
65 years and over	15,515	7,360	8,155	11.8	11.1	12.5
65 to 69 years	5,190	2,495	2,695	3.9	3.8	4.1
70 to 74 years	4,460	2,165	2,295	3.4	3.3	3.5
75 to 79 years	2,830	1,355	1,475	2.1	2.0	2.3
80 to 84 years	1,740	815	925	1.3	1.2	1.4
85 years and over	1,290	525	765	1.0	0.8	1.2
85 to 89 years	860	370	485	0.7	0.6	0.7
90 to 94 years	310	125	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
95 to 99 years	95	30	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.8	18.6	17.0	17.8	18.6	17.0
15 to 64 years	70.4	70.3	70.5	70.4	70.3	70.5
65 years and over	11.8	11.1	12.5	11.8	11.1	12.5
85 years and over	1.0	0.8	1.2	1.0	0.8	1.2
Average age of the population	37.1	36.3	37.8	37.1	36.3	37.8
Median age of the population	35.6	34.0	36.8	35.6	34.0	36.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	30,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,665	...	...	67.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,585	...	...	15.0	...	...
Row house	2,320	...	...	7.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,035	...	...	6.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	270	...	...	0.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	600	...	...	2.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	30,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,580	...	...	5.2	...	...
2 persons	3,650	...	...	12.0	...	...
3 persons	4,850	...	...	15.9	...	...
4 persons	8,185	...	...	26.9	...	...
5 or more persons	12,210	...	...	40.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	131,060	65,950	65,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	108,235	53,945	54,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	64,475	32,190	32,280	59.6	59.7	59.5
Married	62,730	31,315	31,410	58.0	58.0	57.9
Living common-law	1,745	875	870	1.6	1.6	1.6
Living common law - Never married	1,190	595	600	1.1	1.1	1.1
Living common law - Separated	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	410	220	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Widowed	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not married and not living common-law	43,765	21,760	22,005	40.4	40.3	40.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	35,010	19,325	15,685	32.3	35.8	28.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,740	665	1,075	1.6	1.2	2.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,445	895	1,550	2.3	1.7	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,570	870	3,695	4.2	1.6	6.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	35,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	10,825	...	...	30.8	...	...
3 persons	7,675	...	...	21.8	...	...
4 persons	11,690	...	...	33.3	...	...
5 or more persons	4,940	...	...	14.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	35,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	30,660	...	...	87.3	...	...
Married couples	29,790	...	...	84.8	...	...
With children⁶	21,545	...	...	61.3	...	...
Without children	8,245	...	...	23.5	...	...
Common-law couples	870	...	...	2.5	...	...
With children⁶	545	...	...	1.6	...	...
Without children	320	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,470	...	...	12.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,580	...	...	10.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	890	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	131,055	65,945	65,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	117,515	59,370	58,150	89.7	90.0	89.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	61,325	30,670	30,655	46.8	46.5	47.1
Parents in one-parent families	4,470	890	3,580	3.4	1.3	5.5
Children⁶	51,720	27,805	23,915	39.5	42.2	36.7
In a two-parent family	43,990	23,690	20,305	33.6	35.9	31.2
In a one-parent family	7,730	4,120	3,610	5.9	6.2	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,540	6,580	6,965	10.3	10.0	10.7
Living alone	1,585	820	760	1.2	1.2	1.2
Living with other relatives⁷	7,240	2,770	4,470	5.5	4.2	6.9
Living with non-relatives only	4,725	2,985	1,735	3.6	4.5	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	30,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,745	...	...	54.9	...	...
Couple-family households	14,835	...	...	48.7	...	...
With children⁶	12,345	...	...	40.5	...	...
Without children	2,490	...	...	8.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,915	...	...	6.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	7,690	...	...	25.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,285	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,245	...	...	7.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	935	...	...	3.1	...	...
One-person households	1,585	...	...	5.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	107,625	53,665	53,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,740	50,135	50,610	93.6	93.4	93.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	35,200	31,800	33,600	35,200	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,850	50,195	50,655	93.7	93.5	93.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	32,800	30,000	31,200	32,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,335	44,095	41,240	79.3	82.2	76.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,200	33,200	25,000	29,200	33,200	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,420	39,970	36,450	71.0	74.5	67.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	32,800	28,000	30,200	32,800	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,495	46,185	47,315	86.9	86.1	87.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,720	9,700	7,500	5,720	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,840	3,650	6,185	9.1	6.8	11.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,600	5,480	5,480	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,585	21,625	20,960	39.6	40.3	38.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	107,730	53,725	54,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,760	50,200	50,560	93.5	93.4	93.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,160	48,080	40,240	44,160	48,080	40,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,835	50,250	50,585	93.6	93.5	93.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,920	40,560	35,280	37,920	40,560	35,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,400	44,275	41,120	79.3	82.4	76.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,080	45,680	36,120	41,080	45,680	36,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,500	40,175	36,325	71.0	74.8	67.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,800	45,640	37,560	41,800	45,640	37,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,530	46,115	47,410	86.8	85.8	87.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,060	8,490	11,590	10,060	8,490	11,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,705	3,680	6,025	9.0	6.8	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,420	5,815	6,790	6,420	5,815	6,790
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,430	21,610	20,825	39.4	40.2	38.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,240	9,170	9,320	9,240	9,170	9,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	107,735	53,720	54,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,460	18,935	14,530	31.1	35.2	26.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	57,200	52,800	54,800	57,200	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,700	67,700	60,850	64,700	67,700	60,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,720	14,835	14,885	27.6	27.6	27.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	20,000	16,600	18,200	20,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,040	28,240	23,840	26,040	28,240	23,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	83.8	73.0	78.8	83.8	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.8	76.0	67.0	71.8	76.0	67.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.2	16.2	27.0	21.2	16.2	27.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	2.0	1.4	0.9	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.7	8.8	10.9	9.7	8.8	10.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.8	8.2	9.5	8.8	8.2	9.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	107,625	53,665	53,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	6,885	3,530	3,350	6.4	6.6	6.2
With total income	100,745	50,135	50,610	93.6	93.4	93.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,295	5,005	6,290	11.2	10.0	12.4
$10,000 to $19,999	15,830	7,550	8,275	15.7	15.1	16.4
$20,000 to $29,999	18,165	8,855	9,310	18.0	17.7	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	13,690	6,465	7,225	13.6	12.9	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	10,610	4,930	5,675	10.5	9.8	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	7,920	3,775	4,145	7.9	7.5	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,775	2,890	2,885	5.7	5.8	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,250	2,350	1,895	4.2	4.7	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,270	1,980	1,290	3.2	3.9	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,535	1,535	1,000	2.5	3.1	2.0
$100,000 and over	7,400	4,790	2,610	7.3	9.6	5.2
$100,000 to $149,999	5,545	3,430	2,115	5.5	6.8	4.2
$150,000 and over	1,855	1,355	495	1.8	2.7	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	107,625	53,665	53,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	6,775	3,470	3,305	6.3	6.5	6.1
With after-tax income	100,850	50,200	50,650	93.7	93.5	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,555	5,150	6,410	11.5	10.3	12.7
$10,000 to $19,999	16,435	7,910	8,525	16.3	15.8	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	20,320	9,915	10,405	20.1	19.8	20.5
$30,000 to $39,999	15,530	7,285	8,245	15.4	14.5	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	11,750	5,615	6,140	11.7	11.2	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,060	4,020	4,035	8.0	8.0	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,510	3,035	2,475	5.5	6.0	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,805	2,325	1,475	3.8	4.6	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,910	1,640	1,270	2.9	3.3	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,760	1,065	695	1.7	2.1	1.4
$100,000 and over	3,205	2,240	965	3.2	4.5	1.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,905	1,290	615	1.9	2.6	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,300	950	350	1.3	1.9	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	107,625	53,665	53,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	31,205	13,695	17,510	29.0	25.5	32.4
With employment income	76,425	39,970	36,450	71.0	74.5	67.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,900	4,745	5,155	13.0	11.9	14.1
$5,000 to $9,999	7,890	3,575	4,315	10.3	8.9	11.8
$10,000 to $19,999	10,795	5,280	5,510	14.1	13.2	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	9,010	5,035	3,970	11.8	12.6	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	7,915	3,845	4,070	10.4	9.6	11.2
$40,000 to $49,999	6,830	3,350	3,480	8.9	8.4	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,385	2,735	2,650	7.0	6.8	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,380	2,290	2,090	5.7	5.7	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,385	2,010	1,370	4.4	5.0	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,690	1,695	995	3.5	4.2	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,210	1,340	865	2.9	3.4	2.4
$100,000 and over	6,040	4,065	1,970	7.9	10.2	5.4
$100,000 to $124,999	3,300	2,070	1,230	4.3	5.2	3.4
$125,000 and over	2,735	1,995	740	3.6	5.0	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	107,625	53,665	53,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,380	48,320	49,055	90.5	90.0	90.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	32,800	27,800	30,400	32,800	27,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,390	48,330	49,060	90.5	90.1	90.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,600	31,000	26,600	28,600	31,000	26,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,675	43,190	40,485	77.7	80.5	75.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,600	28,600	31,600	35,600	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,845	39,615	36,235	70.5	73.8	67.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	34,800	30,400	32,000	34,800	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,860	42,850	44,010	80.7	79.8	81.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,280	820	3,240	1,280	820	3,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,935	1,885	4,050	5.5	3.5	7.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,120	6,120	5,760	5,120	6,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	107,730	53,725	54,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,440	48,315	49,125	90.4	89.9	90.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,960	45,320	36,680	40,960	45,320	36,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,460	48,325	49,135	90.5	89.9	91.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,240	38,280	32,240	35,240	38,280	32,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,725	43,140	40,580	77.7	80.3	75.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,040	47,080	36,640	42,040	47,080	36,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,095	39,740	36,355	70.6	74.0	67.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,160	46,440	37,480	42,160	46,440	37,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,750	42,620	44,130	80.5	79.3	81.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	3,708	7,110	5,440	3,708	7,110
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,830	1,990	3,840	5.4	3.7	7.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,580	6,370	8,210	7,580	6,370	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	107,735	53,720	54,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,950	18,620	14,325	30.6	34.7	26.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600	54,800	48,400	51,600	54,800	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,900	65,100	55,500	60,900	65,100	55,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,920	13,995	13,920	25.9	26.1	25.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	24,200	22,000	23,400	24,200	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,560	32,720	28,440	30,560	32,720	28,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.2	92.8	82.6	88.2	92.8	82.6
Employment income (%)	80.4	84.2	75.6	80.4	84.2	75.6
Government transfers (%)	11.8	7.2	17.4	11.8	7.2	17.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.6	1.8	1.1	0.6	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	30,475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	48,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,895	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	30,490	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	125,400	...	...	125,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,750	...	...	57,750	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,280	...	...	48,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	150,800	...	...	150,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,600	...	...	129,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	30,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	120	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	250	...	...	0.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	230	...	...	0.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	285	...	...	0.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	345	...	...	1.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	415	...	...	1.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	480	...	...	1.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,165	...	...	3.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,380	...	...	4.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,685	...	...	5.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,665	...	...	5.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,765	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,465	...	...	67.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,410	...	...	14.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,065	...	...	13.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,050	...	...	19.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,940	...	...	19.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	30,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	130	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	120	...	...	0.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	265	...	...	0.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	260	...	...	0.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	330	...	...	1.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	400	...	...	1.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	490	...	...	1.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	575	...	...	1.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,395	...	...	4.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,810	...	...	5.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,970	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,020	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,165	...	...	7.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,425	...	...	60.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,195	...	...	17.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,405	...	...	14.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,820	...	...	28.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,290	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	21,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,305	3,810	2,495	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,400	28,000	29,200	28,400	28,000	29,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,200	26,800	27,800	27,200	26,800	27,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	145,400	...	...	145,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,800	...	...	124,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,500	...	...	107,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,100	...	...	87,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,400	...	...	156,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...	134,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	109,800	...	...	109,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,600	...	...	96,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,220	3,680	2,535	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	36,240	33,640	35,200	36,240	33,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,880	31,600	29,840	30,880	31,600	29,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	131,060	65,945	65,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,370	15,415	13,955	22.4	23.4	21.4
0 to 5 years	7,700	4,020	3,680	5.9	6.1	5.7
18 to 64 years	86,455	43,255	43,195	66.0	65.6	66.3
65 years and over	15,235	7,270	7,965	11.6	11.0	12.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,870	2,985	2,885	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,790	910	880	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	505	250	260	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,400	1,745	1,650	...	...	...
65 years and over	690	325	360	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	6.1	5.9	6.3	6.1	5.9	6.3
0 to 5 years (%)	6.6	6.2	7.0	6.6	6.2	7.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.0	3.8	3.9	4.0	3.8
65 years and over (%)	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	131,060	65,945	65,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,375	15,420	13,955	22.4	23.4	21.4
0 to 5 years	7,700	4,020	3,680	5.9	6.1	5.7
18 to 64 years	86,455	43,260	43,195	66.0	65.6	66.3
65 years and over	15,235	7,275	7,965	11.6	11.0	12.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,760	2,675	2,085	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	810	395	410	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	240	105	135	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,655	2,130	1,520	...	...	...
65 years and over	300	145	155	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	4.1	3.2	3.6	4.1	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	2.6	2.9	2.8	2.6	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	2.6	3.6	3.1	2.6	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.9	3.5	4.2	4.9	3.5
65 years and over (%)	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	131,060	65,945	65,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	56,335	28,535	27,805	43.0	43.3	42.7
In bottom decile	6,850	3,735	3,115	5.2	5.7	4.8
In second decile	9,390	4,710	4,680	7.2	7.1	7.2
In third decile	12,105	6,095	6,010	9.2	9.2	9.2
In fourth decile	13,430	6,695	6,730	10.2	10.2	10.3
In fifth decile	14,560	7,300	7,265	11.1	11.1	11.2
In top half of the distribution	74,725	37,415	37,310	57.0	56.7	57.3
In sixth decile	15,385	7,685	7,700	11.7	11.7	11.8
In seventh decile	16,045	8,020	8,020	12.2	12.2	12.3
In eighth decile	16,485	8,135	8,350	12.6	12.3	12.8
In ninth decile	15,460	7,790	7,675	11.8	11.8	11.8
In top decile	11,350	5,785	5,565	8.7	8.8	8.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	131,060	...	...	131,060	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.268	...	...	0.268	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.376	...	...	0.376	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.236	...	...	0.236	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	131,115	65,980	65,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	116,135	60,055	56,080	88.6	91.0	86.1
French only	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,270	2,290	2,975	4.0	3.5	4.6
Neither English nor French	9,660	3,610	6,045	7.4	5.5	9.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	131,115	65,980	65,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	120,095	61,725	58,375	91.6	93.6	89.6
French	395	195	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	1,050	485	565	0.8	0.7	0.9
Neither English nor French	9,570	3,575	6,000	7.3	5.4	9.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	131,115	65,980	65,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	119,120	59,890	59,230	90.9	90.8	90.9
Official languages	41,450	21,065	20,390	31.6	31.9	31.3
English	41,180	20,925	20,250	31.4	31.7	31.1
French	270	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	77,670	38,835	38,835	59.2	58.9	59.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	77,670	38,835	38,835	59.2	58.9	59.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,795	1,355	1,440	2.1	2.1	2.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	410	195	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somali	350	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,380	1,155	1,225	1.8	1.8	1.9
Amharic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	630	290	340	0.5	0.4	0.5
Aramaic languages	1,660	825	835	1.3	1.3	1.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,255	615	640	1.0	0.9	1.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	360	190	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	780	375	405	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	30	30	0.1	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	715	340	375	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	945	415	525	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	780	345	430	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5,655	2,750	2,905	4.3	4.2	4.5
Kannada	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	565	275	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	4,705	2,275	2,425	3.6	3.4	3.7
Telugu	295	155	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65,225	32,855	32,370	49.7	49.8	49.7
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	415	180	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	410	180	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
German	65	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	61,755	31,205	30,550	47.1	47.3	46.9
Indo-Aryan languages	60,765	30,715	30,050	46.3	46.6	46.1
Assamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	395	180	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	7,120	3,535	3,585	5.4	5.4	5.5
Hindi	3,995	1,970	2,030	3.0	3.0	3.1
Kacchi	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45,930	23,375	22,550	35.0	35.4	34.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	2,785	1,390	1,395	2.1	2.1	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	990	490	495	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	850	420	425	0.6	0.6	0.7
Dari	655	320	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian Persian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,830	1,340	1,485	2.2	2.0	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,250	610	640	1.0	0.9	1.0
Portuguese	470	225	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,070	490	580	0.8	0.7	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,185	580	610	0.9	0.9	0.9
Akan (Twi)	805	405	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	175	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	725	340	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	715	335	380	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	260	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	395	185	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	11,995	6,085	5,905	9.1	9.2	9.1
English and French	225	85	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	10,765	5,540	5,225	8.2	8.4	8.0
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	790	370	420	0.6	0.6	0.6
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	131,115	65,980	65,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	39,130	19,795	19,340	29.8	30.0	29.7
French	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	29,780	14,530	15,255	22.7	22.0	23.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	29,780	14,530	15,255	22.7	22.0	23.4
English and French	515	205	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	57,370	29,465	27,910	43.8	44.7	42.8
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,410	645	770	1.1	1.0	1.2
Multiple non-official languages	2,750	1,280	1,475	2.1	1.9	2.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	131,115	65,980	65,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	114,415	57,535	56,875	87.3	87.2	87.3
Official languages	57,000	28,795	28,205	43.5	43.6	43.3
English	56,785	28,700	28,090	43.3	43.5	43.1
French	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	57,410	28,740	28,675	43.8	43.6	44.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	57,410	28,740	28,675	43.8	43.6	44.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,780	860	920	1.4	1.3	1.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	225	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	190	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,550	755	795	1.2	1.1	1.2
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	315	145	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Aramaic languages	1,200	595	605	0.9	0.9	0.9
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	905	440	470	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	265	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	530	245	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	500	230	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	500	240	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	425	205	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	4,175	2,005	2,175	3.2	3.0	3.3
Kannada	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	3,585	1,705	1,875	2.7	2.6	2.9
Telugu	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	49,115	24,770	24,340	37.5	37.5	37.4
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	47,755	24,140	23,620	36.4	36.6	36.3
Indo-Aryan languages	47,125	23,845	23,280	35.9	36.1	35.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	260	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	5,315	2,610	2,705	4.1	4.0	4.2
Hindi	2,725	1,370	1,350	2.1	2.1	2.1
Kacchi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	36,550	18,625	17,925	27.9	28.2	27.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,945	950	990	1.5	1.4	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	630	295	340	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	565	265	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Dari	430	195	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,090	500	590	0.8	0.8	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	340	150	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	585	270	315	0.4	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	565	270	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Akan (Twi)	410	190	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	515	245	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	515	245	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	290	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	16,700	8,445	8,260	12.7	12.8	12.7
English and French	145	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	16,105	8,185	7,925	12.3	12.4	12.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	280	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	131,115	65,980	65,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	81,965	40,940	41,020	62.5	62.0	63.0
English	20,275	10,565	9,705	15.5	16.0	14.9
French	715	320	395	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	20,080	10,090	9,990	15.3	15.3	15.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20,080	10,090	9,990	15.3	15.3	15.3
English and French	210	90	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	4,705	2,415	2,290	3.6	3.7	3.5
French and non-official language(s)	570	250	320	0.4	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	2,545	1,280	1,270	1.9	1.9	1.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	131,140	66,000	65,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	121,245	62,275	58,970	92.5	94.4	90.5
English	121,170	62,230	58,940	92.4	94.3	90.5
French	5,370	2,275	3,095	4.1	3.4	4.8
Non-official languages	99,660	50,105	49,560	76.0	75.9	76.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	99,660	50,095	49,560	76.0	75.9	76.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,980	1,990	1,995	3.0	3.0	3.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hausa	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	765	380	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	650	310	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,265	1,655	1,610	2.5	2.5	2.5
Amharic	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arabic	1,970	955	1,015	1.5	1.4	1.6
Aramaic languages	2,230	1,155	1,075	1.7	1.8	1.7
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,595	805	790	1.2	1.2	1.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	610	330	275	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrigna	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,020	495	525	0.8	0.8	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	990	480	510	0.8	0.7	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,465	605	860	1.1	0.9	1.3
Bikol	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	150	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,305	540	775	1.0	0.8	1.2
Waray-Waray	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	330	155	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	7,835	3,820	4,015	6.0	5.8	6.2
Kannada	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malayalam	860	430	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Tamil	6,475	3,170	3,305	4.9	4.8	5.1
Telugu	520	250	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tulu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	82,900	42,055	40,850	63.2	63.7	62.7
Albanian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	65	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	575	280	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	575	280	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Polish	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	250	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	180	105	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	180	105	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	130	90	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	78,035	39,700	38,340	59.5	60.2	58.9
Indo-Aryan languages	77,045	39,190	37,855	58.8	59.4	58.1
Assamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	625	320	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gujarati	9,620	4,865	4,755	7.3	7.4	7.3
Hindi	26,590	13,285	13,305	20.3	20.1	20.4
Kacchi	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	440	210	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nepali	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	59,075	30,185	28,890	45.0	45.7	44.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	330	150	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Urdu	6,045	3,100	2,945	4.6	4.7	4.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	115	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,190	620	570	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	200	90	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian languages	965	500	465	0.7	0.8	0.7
Dari	830	430	400	0.6	0.7	0.6
Iranian Persian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,165	2,015	2,155	3.2	3.1	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,055	980	1,075	1.6	1.5	1.7
Portuguese	600	300	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,680	810	870	1.3	1.2	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,380	1,190	1,190	1.8	1.8	1.8
Akan (Twi)	1,405	700	705	1.1	1.1	1.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Éwé	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ganda	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	430	230	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	940	425	515	0.7	0.6	0.8
Chinese languages	935	420	510	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	560	225	335	0.4	0.3	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	480	235	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	255	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	235	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	131,140	66,000	65,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	131,100	65,985	65,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	131,140	66,000	65,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	131,125	65,995	65,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	30,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	26,915	...	...	88.3	...	...
Renter	3,575	...	...	11.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	30,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,350	...	...	7.7	...	...
Not condominium	28,135	...	...	92.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	30,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	140	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	1,110	...	...	3.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,100	...	...	6.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,940	...	...	19.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	21,200	...	...	69.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	30,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,540	...	...	14.9	...	...
5 rooms	4,190	...	...	13.7	...	...
6 rooms	4,925	...	...	16.2	...	...
7 rooms	4,690	...	...	15.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,140	...	...	39.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	30,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	27,465	...	...	90.1	...	...
More than one person per room	3,025	...	...	9.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	30,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	26,230	...	...	86.0	...	...
Not suitable	4,265	...	...	14.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	30,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	125	...	...	0.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	335	...	...	1.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	600	...	...	2.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,680	...	...	8.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,450	...	...	27.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	9,475	...	...	31.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,735	...	...	18.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,090	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	30,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	29,885	...	...	98.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	605	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	30,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,485	...	...	27.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,745	...	...	51.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	6,270	...	...	20.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	30,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	415	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,700	...	...	8.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,840	...	...	22.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,380	...	...	30.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,795	...	...	22.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,195	...	...	10.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	950	...	...	3.1	...	...
85 years and over	215	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	30,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	20,255	...	...	66.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,185	...	...	33.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,645	...	...	31.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	30,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,825	...	...	45.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,065	...	...	29.7	...	...
Not suitable only	3,240	...	...	10.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	320	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	910	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	175	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	16,665	...	...	54.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	29,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,015	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not in core need	26,885	...	...	89.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,915	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	83.2	...	...	83.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.6	...	...	32.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,660	...	...	2,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,680	...	...	2,680	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,100,000	...	...	1,100,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,191,000	...	...	1,191,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,575	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.9	...	...	39.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.4	...	...	23.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740	...	...	1,740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,870	...	...	1,870	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	131,140	66,005	65,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	131,055	65,965	65,085	99.9	99.9	99.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	131,140	66,000	65,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	105,985	53,685	52,295	80.8	81.3	80.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	27,715	14,700	13,015	21.1	22.3	20.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	78,265	38,985	39,285	59.7	59.1	60.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	25,155	12,315	12,840	19.2	18.7	19.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	131,140	66,000	65,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	49,440	25,930	23,510	37.7	39.3	36.1
Immigrants⁸¹	75,430	36,460	38,975	57.5	55.2	59.8
Before 1980	5,505	2,595	2,910	4.2	3.9	4.5
1980 to 1990	9,125	4,485	4,635	7.0	6.8	7.1
1991 to 2000	21,430	10,390	11,035	16.3	15.7	16.9
2001 to 2010	23,755	11,520	12,235	18.1	17.5	18.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	15,615	7,470	8,150	11.9	11.3	12.5
2011 to 2015	7,985	3,730	4,260	6.1	5.7	6.5
2016 to 2021	7,625	3,740	3,890	5.8	5.7	6.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,270	3,615	2,655	4.8	5.5	4.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	75,430	36,460	38,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,480	2,295	2,180	5.9	6.3	5.6
5 to 14 years	9,345	4,670	4,670	12.4	12.8	12.0
15 to 24 years	19,820	8,310	11,510	26.3	22.8	29.5
25 to 44 years	30,735	16,275	14,465	40.7	44.6	37.1
45 years and over	11,050	4,905	6,150	14.6	13.5	15.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	75,430	36,460	38,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	9,305	4,045	5,260	12.3	11.1	13.5
Brazil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
El Salvador	165	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyana	3,475	1,535	1,940	4.6	4.2	5.0
Haiti	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	2,955	1,190	1,760	3.9	3.3	4.5
Mexico	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	995	470	525	1.3	1.3	1.3
United States of America	515	225	295	0.7	0.6	0.8
Other places of birth in Americas	970	455	520	1.3	1.2	1.3
Europe	2,800	1,350	1,450	3.7	3.7	3.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
France	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greece	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	945	490	450	1.3	1.3	1.2
Netherlands	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Poland	120	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Portugal	300	155	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romania	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	720	335	385	1.0	0.9	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	220	85	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Africa	3,380	1,630	1,750	4.5	4.5	4.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrea	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	200	110	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Morocco	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	850	425	425	1.1	1.2	1.1
Somalia	305	120	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	1,825	870	955	2.4	2.4	2.5
Asia	59,745	29,345	30,400	79.2	80.5	78.0
Afghanistan	795	395	395	1.1	1.1	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraq	1,815	920	895	2.4	2.5	2.3
Lebanon	105	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	375	160	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,320	560	760	1.7	1.5	2.0
Viet Nam	820	375	445	1.1	1.0	1.1
Bangladesh	315	140	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
India	46,185	22,815	23,375	61.2	62.6	60.0
Pakistan	2,710	1,355	1,355	3.6	3.7	3.5
Sri Lanka	4,015	1,965	2,055	5.3	5.4	5.3
Other places of birth in Asia	945	425	525	1.3	1.2	1.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	195	90	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	7,625	3,735	3,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	430	200	230	5.6	5.4	5.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	190	85	105	2.5	2.3	2.7
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	85	35	50	1.1	0.9	1.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	145	70	70	1.9	1.9	1.8
Europe	95	55	45	1.2	1.5	1.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	30	10	0.5	0.8	0.3
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	280	135	140	3.7	3.6	3.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	155	75	80	2.0	2.0	2.1
Somalia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	40	30	0.9	1.1	0.8
Asia	6,810	3,345	3,465	89.3	89.6	89.1
Afghanistan	45	30	15	0.6	0.8	0.4
Bangladesh	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	5,810	2,940	2,875	76.2	78.7	73.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	150	75	80	2.0	2.0	2.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	360	125	230	4.7	3.3	5.9
Philippines	135	55	75	1.8	1.5	1.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	150	60	90	2.0	1.6	2.3
Syria⁸⁹	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Turkey	30	10	25	0.4	0.3	0.6
United Arab Emirates	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Viet Nam	35	10	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	131,140	66,000	65,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	82,355	40,410	41,945	62.8	61.2	64.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	44,465	23,370	21,100	33.9	35.4	32.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	4,315	2,225	2,095	3.3	3.4	3.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	69,925	33,860	36,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	22,745	12,370	10,375	32.5	36.5	28.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,265	7,345	2,920	14.7	21.7	8.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	12,480	5,020	7,460	17.8	14.8	20.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	37,920	16,265	21,655	54.2	48.0	60.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	8,475	4,805	3,675	12.1	14.2	10.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	785	430	355	1.1	1.3	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	69,925	33,860	36,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	4,570	2,865	1,705	6.5	8.5	4.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,105	2,480	1,625	5.9	7.3	4.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	535	280	250	0.8	0.8	0.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,695	1,655	1,040	3.9	4.9	2.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	280	150	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	57,750	26,440	31,310	82.6	78.1	86.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	131,140	66,000	65,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	122,475	61,610	60,870	93.4	93.3	93.4
South Asian	91,975	46,865	45,110	70.1	71.0	69.3
Chinese	995	495	500	0.8	0.8	0.8
Black	13,345	6,350	6,995	10.2	9.6	10.7
Filipino	2,000	905	1,100	1.5	1.4	1.7
Arab	1,430	685	740	1.1	1.0	1.1
Latin American	1,610	765	845	1.2	1.2	1.3
Southeast Asian	1,635	810	825	1.2	1.2	1.3
West Asian	2,470	1,295	1,175	1.9	2.0	1.8
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,100	2,490	2,610	3.9	3.8	4.0
Multiple visible minorities	1,890	940	955	1.4	1.4	1.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	8,665	4,395	4,265	6.6	6.7	6.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	131,140	66,000	65,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,185	2,660	2,530	4.0	4.0	3.9
English	950	465	490	0.7	0.7	0.8
Irish	680	315	370	0.5	0.5	0.6
Scottish	785	435	345	0.6	0.7	0.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	350	160	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
German	550	275	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese	1,395	715	680	1.1	1.1	1.0
Italian	3,660	1,830	1,830	2.8	2.8	2.8
Indian (India)	46,850	23,645	23,205	35.7	35.8	35.6
Ukrainian	275	105	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dutch	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	315	140	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Québécois	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	350	190	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Filipino	2,000	925	1,075	1.5	1.4	1.7
French Canadian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	180	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	330	190	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Russian	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	1,260	665	600	1.0	1.0	0.9
American	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	620	310	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistani	3,575	1,795	1,785	2.7	2.7	2.7
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,145	1,075	1,065	1.6	1.6	1.6
Jewish	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Punjabi	17,800	8,930	8,870	13.6	13.5	13.6
Vietnamese	1,165	605	560	0.9	0.9	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	300	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	235	140	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	3,915	1,780	2,130	3.0	2.7	3.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,775	905	870	1.4	1.4	1.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	65	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanese	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	500	250	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sikh	15,330	7,975	7,360	11.7	12.1	11.3
Austrian	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Belgian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	7,675	4,000	3,675	5.9	6.1	5.6
Mexican	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	3,470	1,745	1,725	2.6	2.6	2.6
Croatian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	3,880	1,910	1,970	3.0	2.9	3.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	660	345	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Egyptian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	325	145	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamil	3,470	1,760	1,705	2.6	2.7	2.6
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	3,230	1,520	1,715	2.5	2.3	2.6
Afghan	1,160	605	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	840	420	420	0.6	0.6	0.6
Serbian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	160	105	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	940	490	455	0.7	0.7	0.7
Turkish	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	430	200	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	625	315	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Armenian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	750	360	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
Taiwanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	1,305	640	665	1.0	1.0	1.0
Salvadorean	240	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	660	260	400	0.5	0.4	0.6
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	515	250	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	390	230	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	960	440	520	0.7	0.7	0.8
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,310	565	750	1.0	0.9	1.2
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	205	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	390	205	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	2,030	1,055	980	1.5	1.6	1.5
Eritrean	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Canadian	345	150	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	1,340	655	680	1.0	1.0	1.0
Barbadian	260	95	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
African American	180	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	185	105	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ilocano	65	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	285	165	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	95	30	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jatt	1,825	940	890	1.4	1.4	1.4
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	850	455	395	0.6	0.7	0.6
Igbo	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	170	50	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jordanian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	60	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malayali	180	100	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chaldean	490	250	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sinhalese	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	405	195	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	505	225	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ugandan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	65	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tanzanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	285	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tajik	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	131,140	66,000	65,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	985	460	520	0.8	0.7	0.8
Christian	29,285	14,000	15,285	22.3	21.2	23.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,490	4,375	5,115	7.2	6.6	7.9
Anabaptist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	525	220	310	0.4	0.3	0.5
Baptist	350	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	13,640	6,760	6,880	10.4	10.2	10.6
Christian Orthodox	750	385	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	220	75	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,525	1,175	1,350	1.9	1.8	2.1
Presbyterian	390	170	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	225	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	960	440	525	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hindu	31,180	15,770	15,410	23.8	23.9	23.7
Jewish	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	9,700	4,835	4,870	7.4	7.3	7.5
Sikh	53,030	27,125	25,905	40.4	41.1	39.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	545	270	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	6,375	3,510	2,860	4.9	5.3	4.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	129,995	65,380	64,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	118,505	59,390	59,110	91.2	90.8	91.5
Movers	11,490	5,990	5,505	8.8	9.2	8.5
Non-migrants	7,340	3,830	3,515	5.6	5.9	5.4
Migrants	4,155	2,160	1,995	3.2	3.3	3.1
Internal migrants	2,550	1,340	1,215	2.0	2.0	1.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,215	1,170	1,050	1.7	1.8	1.6
Interprovincial migrants	340	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	1,600	815	780	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	124,805	62,700	62,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	82,585	41,215	41,370	66.2	65.7	66.6
Movers	42,220	21,480	20,740	33.8	34.3	33.4
Non-migrants	20,335	10,400	9,930	16.3	16.6	16.0
Migrants	21,885	11,075	10,810	17.5	17.7	17.4
Internal migrants	11,845	5,915	5,930	9.5	9.4	9.5
Intraprovincial migrants	10,640	5,305	5,335	8.5	8.5	8.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,205	605	595	1.0	1.0	1.0
External migrants	10,040	5,165	4,880	8.0	8.2	7.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	107,735	53,720	54,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,125	10,490	11,635	20.5	19.5	21.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,610	43,235	42,375	79.5	80.5	78.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,630	34,570	36,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,475	4,750	4,730	13.4	13.7	13.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,155	29,825	31,330	86.6	86.3	86.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	107,730	53,725	54,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,355	10,050	11,305	19.8	18.7	20.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,605	16,160	14,445	28.4	30.1	26.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,770	27,510	28,265	51.8	51.2	52.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,050	12,090	10,960	21.4	22.5	20.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,240	2,085	1,160	3.0	3.9	2.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,905	1,210	695	1.8	2.3	1.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,330	875	460	1.2	1.6	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,485	8,175	8,305	15.3	15.2	15.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,330	1,830	1,500	3.1	3.4	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	32,720	15,415	17,305	30.4	28.7	32.0
Bachelor's degree	21,860	10,335	11,530	20.3	19.2	21.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,090	975	1,115	1.9	1.8	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	915	455	460	0.8	0.8	0.9
Master's degree	7,380	3,410	3,975	6.9	6.3	7.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	475	245	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,625	34,570	36,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,935	4,435	4,505	12.7	12.8	12.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,195	8,910	8,285	24.3	25.8	23.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,500	21,225	23,275	63.0	61.4	64.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,555	8,855	8,705	24.9	25.6	24.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,450	1,530	920	3.5	4.4	2.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,440	900	545	2.0	2.6	1.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,015	630	380	1.4	1.8	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,615	6,025	6,585	17.9	17.4	18.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,495	1,295	1,195	3.5	3.7	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,940	12,370	14,575	38.1	35.8	40.4
Bachelor's degree	17,275	8,030	9,245	24.5	23.2	25.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,755	805	950	2.5	2.3	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	825	405	420	1.2	1.2	1.2
Master's degree	6,680	2,930	3,750	9.5	8.5	10.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	415	200	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	107,735	53,725	54,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	51,960	26,215	25,750	48.2	48.8	47.7
Education	2,085	395	1,685	1.9	0.7	3.1
13. Education	2,085	395	1,685	1.9	0.7	3.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	850	355	495	0.8	0.7	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	790	310	485	0.7	0.6	0.9
Humanities	5,115	1,855	3,255	4.7	3.5	6.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	410	90	325	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	550	150	395	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,565	1,360	2,200	3.3	2.5	4.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	300	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,825	2,005	3,820	5.4	3.7	7.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	125	250	0.3	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	890	100	790	0.8	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,380	590	785	1.3	1.1	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	25	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	710	210	500	0.7	0.4	0.9
45. Social sciences	2,315	935	1,380	2.1	1.7	2.6
Business, management and public administration	14,835	7,000	7,835	13.8	13.0	14.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	620	115	505	0.6	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,185	6,875	7,310	13.2	12.8	13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,835	1,645	2,190	3.6	3.1	4.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,215	325	885	1.1	0.6	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,540	705	840	1.4	1.3	1.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	865	545	325	0.8	1.0	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	160	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,995	2,510	1,485	3.7	4.7	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,485	2,270	1,215	3.2	4.2	2.2
25. Library science	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	425	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,815	8,740	1,075	9.1	16.3	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	280	180	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	4,385	3,735	650	4.1	7.0	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,360	2,090	275	2.2	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	805	785	15	0.7	1.5	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,385	1,365	25	1.3	2.5	0.0
48. Precision production	590	590	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	455	325	120	0.4	0.6	0.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	350	280	80	0.3	0.5	0.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	6,960	1,650	5,305	6.5	3.1	9.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	360	195	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,440	1,350	5,090	6.0	2.5	9.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	140	100	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,000	1,015	980	1.9	1.9	1.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	940	165	780	0.9	0.3	1.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	755	565	190	0.7	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	290	285	15	0.3	0.5	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	70,630	34,570	36,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,130	13,345	12,785	37.0	38.6	35.5
Education	1,545	240	1,305	2.2	0.7	3.6
13. Education	1,545	240	1,305	2.2	0.7	3.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	610	245	365	0.9	0.7	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	590	225	365	0.8	0.7	1.0
Humanities	4,095	1,395	2,700	5.8	4.0	7.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	350	70	285	0.5	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	445	100	355	0.6	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,845	1,040	1,800	4.0	3.0	5.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	240	105	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,580	1,505	3,070	6.5	4.4	8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	305	95	200	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	640	65	565	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,130	470	660	1.6	1.4	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	520	140	375	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,875	700	1,170	2.7	2.0	3.2
Business, management and public administration	11,880	5,365	6,515	16.8	15.5	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	505	85	415	0.7	0.2	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,350	5,275	6,080	16.1	15.3	16.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,970	1,210	1,755	4.2	3.5	4.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	910	220	685	1.3	0.6	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,185	505	675	1.7	1.5	1.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	725	435	290	1.0	1.3	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,320	2,010	1,315	4.7	5.8	3.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,890	1,835	1,050	4.1	5.3	2.9
25. Library science	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	360	145	215	0.5	0.4	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,805	6,910	895	11.1	20.0	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	230	145	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	3,600	3,045	560	5.1	8.8	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,845	1,635	210	2.6	4.7	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	580	555	20	0.8	1.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,070	1,055	15	1.5	3.1	0.0
48. Precision production	475	470	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	355	260	95	0.5	0.8	0.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	285	230	55	0.4	0.7	0.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health and related fields	5,785	1,355	4,430	8.2	3.9	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255	140	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,415	1,140	4,275	7.7	3.3	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,545	720	820	2.2	2.1	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	800	120	675	1.1	0.3	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	545	405	140	0.8	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	200	200	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	70,630	34,570	36,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,130	13,345	12,785	37.0	38.6	35.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	44,495	21,225	23,270	63.0	61.4	64.5
Location of study inside Canada	23,055	10,730	12,325	32.6	31.0	34.2
Same as province or territory of residence	22,225	10,335	11,885	31.5	29.9	33.0
Different than province or territory of residence	835	395	440	1.2	1.1	1.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	21,445	10,495	10,950	30.4	30.4	30.4
Americas	1,680	860	815	2.4	2.5	2.3
United States of America	845	435	410	1.2	1.3	1.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	275	125	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	510	285	225	0.7	0.8	0.6
Europe	855	500	355	1.2	1.4	1.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	575	310	260	0.8	0.9	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Africa	535	275	260	0.8	0.8	0.7
Nigeria	225	120	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	245	125	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asia	18,255	8,760	9,490	25.8	25.3	26.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	250	110	140	0.4	0.3	0.4
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	520	200	320	0.7	0.6	0.9
Viet Nam	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sri Lanka	255	120	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
India	16,000	7,785	8,215	22.7	22.5	22.8
Pakistan	750	330	420	1.1	1.0	1.2
Other locations of study in Asia	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	120	95	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Australia	95	80	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
New Zealand	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	107,730	53,725	54,010	...	...	...
In the labour force	70,970	38,115	32,855	...	...	...
Employed	61,390	33,685	27,705	...	...	...
Unemployed	9,580	4,430	5,150	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	36,765	15,610	21,155	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.9	70.9	60.8	65.9	70.9	60.8
Employment rate	57.0	62.7	51.3	57.0	62.7	51.3
Unemployment rate	13.5	11.6	15.7	13.5	11.6	15.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	107,735	53,725	54,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	41,250	18,035	23,215	38.3	33.6	43.0
Worked	66,485	35,685	30,795	61.7	66.4	57.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,630	19,700	14,930	32.1	36.7	27.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,850	15,985	15,865	29.6	29.8	29.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.9	40.9	38.7	39.9	40.9	38.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	70,965	38,115	32,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,690	1,280	1,415	3.8	3.4	4.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	68,275	36,840	31,440	96.2	96.7	95.7
Employee	55,150	26,690	28,465	77.7	70.0	86.6
Permanent position	45,775	22,500	23,270	64.5	59.0	70.8
Temporary position	9,380	4,190	5,190	13.2	11.0	15.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,160	1,315	1,840	4.5	3.5	5.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,220	2,870	3,345	8.8	7.5	10.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,130	10,150	2,980	18.5	26.6	9.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	70,965	38,115	32,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,690	1,280	1,415	3.8	3.4	4.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	68,275	36,840	31,440	96.2	96.7	95.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	530	400	130	0.7	1.0	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,845	4,775	8,075	18.1	12.5	24.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,805	4,195	1,615	8.2	11.0	4.9
3 Health occupations	4,575	855	3,720	6.4	2.2	11.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,890	1,445	3,450	6.9	3.8	10.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	725	280	440	1.0	0.7	1.3
6 Sales and service occupations	15,565	7,115	8,450	21.9	18.7	25.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	16,545	14,235	2,305	23.3	37.3	7.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	210	150	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	6,595	3,390	3,205	9.3	8.9	9.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	70,965	38,115	32,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,690	1,280	1,415	3.8	3.4	4.3
All industries¹⁹¹	68,275	36,840	31,440	96.2	96.7	95.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
22 Utilities	205	145	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
23 Construction	3,520	2,845	675	5.0	7.5	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	9,145	5,540	3,610	12.9	14.5	11.0
41 Wholesale trade	2,530	1,375	1,160	3.6	3.6	3.5
44-45 Retail trade	7,760	3,640	4,115	10.9	9.6	12.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	12,575	9,355	3,215	17.7	24.5	9.8
51 Information and cultural industries	1,090	645	450	1.5	1.7	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	3,740	1,670	2,070	5.3	4.4	6.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,700	1,115	585	2.4	2.9	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,025	2,905	2,125	7.1	7.6	6.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	205	95	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,520	1,765	1,755	5.0	4.6	5.3
61 Educational services	3,050	785	2,265	4.3	2.1	6.9
62 Health care and social assistance	6,190	1,110	5,075	8.7	2.9	15.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	470	245	225	0.7	0.6	0.7
72 Accommodation and food services	3,240	1,310	1,930	4.6	3.4	5.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,390	1,380	1,010	3.4	3.6	3.1
91 Public administration	1,750	815	935	2.5	2.1	2.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	74,555	39,930	34,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	64,935	34,480	30,455	87.1	86.4	87.9
French	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,220	655	570	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,220	655	570	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	395	130	260	0.5	0.3	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	7,890	4,580	3,305	10.6	11.5	9.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	74,555	39,930	34,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	72,835	38,890	33,950	97.7	97.4	98.0
Official languages	70,330	37,445	32,885	94.3	93.8	95.0
English	70,230	37,415	32,810	94.2	93.7	94.7
French	105	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	2,505	1,440	1,065	3.4	3.6	3.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,505	1,440	1,065	3.4	3.6	3.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,355	1,370	990	3.2	3.4	2.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,310	1,340	970	3.1	3.4	2.8
Indo-Aryan languages	2,295	1,335	960	3.1	3.3	2.8
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hindi	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,050	1,240	810	2.7	3.1	2.3
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,720	1,040	680	2.3	2.6	2.0
English and French	95	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,615	1,010	610	2.2	2.5	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	74,555	39,930	34,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	67,590	35,985	31,600	90.7	90.1	91.3
English	1,145	685	460	1.5	1.7	1.3
French	245	105	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	4,245	2,425	1,815	5.7	6.1	5.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,245	2,425	1,815	5.7	6.1	5.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	160	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,155	630	525	1.5	1.6	1.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	61,390	33,685	27,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	12,700	6,050	6,655	20.7	18.0	24.0
Worked outside Canada	340	315	25	0.6	0.9	0.1
No fixed workplace address	10,640	7,825	2,820	17.3	23.2	10.2
Usual place of work	37,710	19,495	18,210	61.4	57.9	65.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,710	19,495	18,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,015	6,130	6,885	34.5	31.4	37.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,655	5,330	4,335	25.6	27.3	23.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,995	8,010	6,990	39.8	41.1	38.4
Commute to a different province or territory	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	48,350	27,315	21,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	43,670	25,650	18,015	90.3	93.9	85.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,535	24,360	15,175	81.8	89.2	72.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,135	1,290	2,840	8.6	4.7	13.5
Public transit	3,395	1,185	2,210	7.0	4.3	10.5
Walked	375	155	225	0.8	0.6	1.1
Bicycle	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other method	880	305	575	1.8	1.1	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	48,350	27,315	21,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,410	3,385	3,025	13.3	12.4	14.4
15 to 29 minutes	19,120	10,750	8,370	39.5	39.4	39.8
30 to 44 minutes	14,075	8,305	5,770	29.1	30.4	27.4
45 to 59 minutes	4,520	2,515	2,005	9.3	9.2	9.5
60 minutes and over	4,225	2,360	1,865	8.7	8.6	8.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	48,350	27,315	21,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,650	2,580	1,065	7.5	9.4	5.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,475	4,780	3,695	17.5	17.5	17.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,160	4,900	4,260	18.9	17.9	20.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,545	4,415	4,125	17.7	16.2	19.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,105	4,525	3,585	16.8	16.6	17.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,410	6,110	4,295	21.5	22.4	20.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	30,015	15,780	14,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,185	1,115	1,070	7.3	7.1	7.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	27,830	14,670	13,160	92.7	93.0	92.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	23,260	12,265	10,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,920	980	940	8.3	8.0	8.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,380	695	685	5.9	5.7	6.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	540	285	255	2.3	2.3	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,340	11,285	10,055	91.7	92.0	91.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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