Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brampton EastMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	131,677	...
Population, 2016¹	122,000	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.9	7.9
Total private dwellings²	31,231	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	30,479	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,558.6	1,558.6
Land area in square kilometres	84.48	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	131,680	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,440	17.8
0 to 4 years	6,305	4.8
5 to 9 years	7,710	5.9
10 to 14 years	9,425	7.2
15 to 64 years	92,720	70.4
15 to 19 years	9,905	7.5
20 to 24 years	11,930	9.1
25 to 29 years	10,790	8.2
30 to 34 years	9,035	6.9
35 to 39 years	8,815	6.7
40 to 44 years	9,485	7.2
45 to 49 years	9,745	7.4
50 to 54 years	8,880	6.7
55 to 59 years	7,775	5.9
60 to 64 years	6,360	4.8
65 years and over	15,515	11.8
65 to 69 years	5,190	3.9
70 to 74 years	4,460	3.4
75 to 79 years	2,830	2.1
80 to 84 years	1,740	1.3
85 years and over	1,290	1.0
85 to 89 years	860	0.7
90 to 94 years	310	0.2
95 to 99 years	95	0.1
100 years and over	30	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.8	17.8
15 to 64 years	70.4	70.4
65 years and over	11.8	11.8
85 years and over	1.0	1.0
Average age of the population	37.1	37.1
Median age of the population	35.6	35.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	30,480	100.0
Single-detached house	20,665	67.8
Semi-detached house	4,585	15.0
Row house	2,320	7.6
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,035	6.7
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	270	0.9
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	600	2.0
Other single-attached house	5	0.0
Movable dwelling⁴	0	0.0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	30,480	100.0
1 person	1,580	5.2
2 persons	3,650	12.0
3 persons	4,850	15.9
4 persons	8,185	26.9
5 or more persons	12,210	40.1
Number of persons in private households	131,060	100.0
Average household size	4.3	4.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	108,235	100.0
Married or living common-law	64,475	59.6
Married	62,730	58.0
Living common-law	1,745	1.6
Living common law - Never married	1,190	1.1
Living common law - Separated	120	0.1
Living common law - Divorced	410	0.4
Living common law - Widowed	20	0.0
Not married and not living common-law	43,765	40.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	35,010	32.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,740	1.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,445	2.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,570	4.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	35,130	100.0
2 persons	10,825	30.8
3 persons	7,675	21.8
4 persons	11,690	33.3
5 or more persons	4,940	14.1
Average size of census families	3.3	3.3
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	2.0
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	35,130	100.0
Total couple families	30,660	87.3
Married couples	29,790	84.8
With children⁶	21,545	61.3
Without children	8,245	23.5
Common-law couples	870	2.5
With children⁶	545	1.6
Without children	320	0.9
Total one-parent families	4,470	12.7
in which the parent is a woman+	3,580	10.2
in which the parent is a man+	890	2.5
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	131,055	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	117,515	89.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	61,325	46.8
Parents in one-parent families	4,470	3.4
Children⁶	51,720	39.5
In a two-parent family	43,990	33.6
In a one-parent family	7,730	5.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,540	10.3
Living alone	1,585	1.2
Living with other relatives⁷	7,240	5.5
Living with non-relatives only	4,725	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	30,480	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,745	54.9
Couple-family households	14,835	48.7
With children⁶	12,345	40.5
Without children	2,490	8.2
One-parent-family households	1,915	6.3
Multigenerational households⁸	7,690	25.2
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,285	4.2
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,245	7.4
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	935	3.1
One-person households	1,585	5.2
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	107,625	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,740	93.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,850	93.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,335	79.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,200	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,420	71.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,495	86.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,840	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,585	39.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	107,730	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,760	93.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,160	44,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,835	93.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,920	37,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,400	79.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,080	41,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,500	71.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,800	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,530	86.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,060	10,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,705	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,420	6,420
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,430	39.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,240	9,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	107,735	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,460	31.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,700	64,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,720	27.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,040	26,040
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	78.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.8	71.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.2	21.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.7	9.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.8	8.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	107,625	100.0
Without total income	6,885	6.4
With total income	100,745	93.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,295	11.2
$10,000 to $19,999	15,830	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	18,165	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	13,690	13.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,610	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,920	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,775	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,250	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,270	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,535	2.5
$100,000 and over	7,400	7.3
$100,000 to $149,999	5,545	5.5
$150,000 and over	1,855	1.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	107,625	100.0
Without after-tax income	6,775	6.3
With after-tax income	100,850	93.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,555	11.5
$10,000 to $19,999	16,435	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	20,320	20.1
$30,000 to $39,999	15,530	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,750	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,060	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,510	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,805	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,910	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,760	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,205	3.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,905	1.9
$125,000 and over	1,300	1.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	107,625	100.0
Without employment income	31,205	29.0
With employment income	76,425	71.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,900	13.0
$5,000 to $9,999	7,890	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	10,795	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	9,010	11.8
$30,000 to $39,999	7,915	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	6,830	8.9
$50,000 to $59,999	5,385	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,380	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,385	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,690	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,210	2.9
$100,000 and over	6,040	7.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,300	4.3
$125,000 and over	2,735	3.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	107,625	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,380	90.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	30,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,390	90.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,600	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,675	77.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,845	70.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,860	80.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,280	1,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,935	5.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	107,730	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,440	90.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,960	40,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,460	90.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,240	35,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,725	77.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,040	42,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,095	70.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,160	42,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,750	80.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,830	5.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,580	7,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	107,735	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,950	30.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,900	60,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,920	25.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,560	30,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.2	88.2
Employment income (%)	80.4	80.4
Government transfers (%)	11.8	11.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	30,475	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	130,000	130,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	115,000	115,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,585	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800	48,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	43,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,895	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,000	134,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	119,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	30,490	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	146,000	146,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	125,400	125,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,575	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,750	57,750
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,280	48,280
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,915	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	150,800	150,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,600	129,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	30,475	100.0
Under $5,000	120	0.4
$5,000 to $9,999	50	0.2
$10,000 to $14,999	70	0.2
$15,000 to $19,999	105	0.3
$20,000 to $24,999	250	0.8
$25,000 to $29,999	230	0.8
$30,000 to $34,999	285	0.9
$35,000 to $39,999	345	1.1
$40,000 to $44,999	415	1.4
$45,000 to $49,999	480	1.6
$50,000 to $59,999	1,165	3.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,380	4.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,685	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,665	5.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,765	5.8
$100,000 and over	20,465	67.2
$100,000 to $124,999	4,410	14.5
$125,000 to $149,999	4,065	13.3
$150,000 to $199,999	6,050	19.9
$200,000 and over	5,940	19.5
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	30,475	100.0
Under $5,000	130	0.4
$5,000 to $9,999	50	0.2
$10,000 to $14,999	75	0.2
$15,000 to $19,999	120	0.4
$20,000 to $24,999	265	0.9
$25,000 to $29,999	260	0.9
$30,000 to $34,999	330	1.1
$35,000 to $39,999	400	1.3
$40,000 to $44,999	490	1.6
$45,000 to $49,999	575	1.9
$50,000 to $59,999	1,395	4.6
$60,000 to $69,999	1,810	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,970	6.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,020	6.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,165	7.1
$100,000 and over	18,425	60.5
$100,000 to $124,999	5,195	17.0
$125,000 to $149,999	4,405	14.5
$150,000 and over	8,820	28.9
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,035	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,000	129,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	114,000
Average family size of economic families	4.3	4.3
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,290	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	80,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	71,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	21,545	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	140,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	124,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.8	4.8
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,885	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	96,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	86,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.3	3.3
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,305	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,400	28,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,200	27,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,080	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	145,400	145,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,800	124,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,300	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,500	107,500
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,100	87,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,545	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,400	156,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,600	134,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,980	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	109,800	109,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,600	96,600
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,220	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	35,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,880	30,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	131,060	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,370	22.4
0 to 5 years	7,700	5.9
18 to 64 years	86,455	66.0
65 years and over	15,235	11.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,870	...
0 to 17 years	1,790	...
0 to 5 years	505	...
18 to 64 years	3,400	...
65 years and over	690	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.5	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.1	6.1
0 to 5 years (%)	6.6	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	3.9
65 years and over (%)	4.5	4.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	131,060	100.0
0 to 17 years	29,375	22.4
0 to 5 years	7,700	5.9
18 to 64 years	86,455	66.0
65 years and over	15,235	11.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,760	...
0 to 17 years	810	...
0 to 5 years	240	...
18 to 64 years	3,655	...
65 years and over	300	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	3.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.2
65 years and over (%)	2.0	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	131,060	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	56,335	43.0
In bottom decile	6,850	5.2
In second decile	9,390	7.2
In third decile	12,105	9.2
In fourth decile	13,430	10.2
In fifth decile	14,560	11.1
In top half of the distribution	74,725	57.0
In sixth decile	15,385	11.7
In seventh decile	16,045	12.2
In eighth decile	16,485	12.6
In ninth decile	15,460	11.8
In top decile	11,350	8.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	131,060	131,060
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.268	0.268
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.376	0.376
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.236	0.236
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	2.9
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	131,115	100.0
English only	116,135	88.6
French only	50	0.0
English and French	5,270	4.0
Neither English nor French	9,660	7.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	131,115	100.0
English	120,095	91.6
French	395	0.3
English and French	1,050	0.8
Neither English nor French	9,570	7.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	131,115	100.0
Single responses	119,120	90.9
Official languages	41,450	31.6
English	41,180	31.4
French	270	0.2
Non-official languages	77,670	59.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	77,670	59.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,795	2.1
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0.0
Hausa	10	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	410	0.3
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	60	0.0
Somali	350	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,380	1.8
Amharic	25	0.0
Arabic	630	0.5
Aramaic languages	1,660	1.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,255	1.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	360	0.3
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45	0.0
Harari	10	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	30	0.0
Tigrigna	20	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	780	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	0.1
Vietnamese	715	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	945	0.7
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Cebuano	20	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0.0
Ilocano	85	0.1
Indonesian	5	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	5	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	780	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Creole languages	85	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	30	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Dravidian languages	5,655	4.3
Kannada	80	0.1
Malayalam	565	0.4
Tamil	4,705	3.6
Telugu	295	0.2
Tulu	10	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65,225	49.7
Albanian	20	0.0
Armenian	40	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	415	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	410	0.3
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0.0
Czech	20	0.0
Macedonian	35	0.0
Polish	165	0.1
Russian	80	0.1
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	0.0
Bosnian	15	0.0
Croatian	30	0.0
Serbian	15	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	5	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0.0
Ukrainian	25	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	95	0.1
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	65	0.0
German	65	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	15	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	70	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	61,755	47.1
Indo-Aryan languages	60,765	46.3
Assamese	5	0.0
Bengali	395	0.3
Gujarati	7,120	5.4
Hindi	3,995	3.0
Kacchi	35	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	20	0.0
Marathi	155	0.1
Nepali	90	0.1
Oriya languages	5	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45,930	35.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	50	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	145	0.1
Urdu	2,785	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	0.0
Iranian languages	990	0.8
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	25	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	110	0.1
Persian languages	850	0.6
Dari	655	0.5
Iranian Persian	55	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	140	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,830	2.2
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	1,250	1.0
Portuguese	470	0.4
Romanian	40	0.0
Spanish	1,070	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Japanese	10	0.0
Korean	20	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,185	0.9
Akan (Twi)	805	0.6
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	25	0.0
Éwé	5	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	20	0.0
Ganda	5	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	30	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	15	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	30	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	5	0.0
Yoruba	175	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	725	0.6
Chinese languages	715	0.5
Hakka	15	0.0
Mandarin	260	0.2
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	395	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0.0
Burmese	5	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	0.1
Lao	90	0.1
Thai	15	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	85	0.1
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	45	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	11,995	9.1
English and French	225	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	10,765	8.2
French and non-official language(s)	60	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	155	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	790	0.6
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	131,115	100.0
English	39,130	29.8
French	95	0.1
Non-official language	29,780	22.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	29,780	22.7
English and French	515	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	57,370	43.8
French and non-official language(s)	55	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,410	1.1
Multiple non-official languages	2,750	2.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	131,115	100.0
Single responses	114,415	87.3
Official languages	57,000	43.5
English	56,785	43.3
French	215	0.2
Non-official languages	57,410	43.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	57,410	43.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,780	1.4
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0.0
Hausa	5	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	225	0.2
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	30	0.0
Somali	190	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,550	1.2
Amharic	15	0.0
Arabic	315	0.2
Aramaic languages	1,200	0.9
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	905	0.7
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	265	0.2
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30	0.0
Harari	10	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	15	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	530	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	0.0
Vietnamese	500	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	500	0.4
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0.0
Ilocano	35	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	425	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Creole languages	50	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	20	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Dravidian languages	4,175	3.2
Kannada	40	0.0
Malayalam	350	0.3
Tamil	3,585	2.7
Telugu	200	0.2
Tulu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	49,115	37.5
Albanian	15	0.0
Armenian	20	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	205	0.2
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	20	0.0
Polish	85	0.1
Russian	45	0.0
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	15	0.0
Serbian	5	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	10	0.0
German	10	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	10	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	47,755	36.4
Indo-Aryan languages	47,125	35.9
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	260	0.2
Gujarati	5,315	4.1
Hindi	2,725	2.1
Kacchi	20	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	0	0.0
Marathi	110	0.1
Nepali	65	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	36,550	27.9
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	25	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	90	0.1
Urdu	1,945	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Iranian languages	630	0.5
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	60	0.0
Persian languages	565	0.4
Dari	430	0.3
Iranian Persian	25	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	110	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,090	0.8
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	340	0.3
Portuguese	150	0.1
Romanian	15	0.0
Spanish	585	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	5	0.0
Korean	5	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	565	0.4
Akan (Twi)	410	0.3
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	5	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	5	0.0
Ganda	5	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	20	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	15	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	80	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0.0
American Sign Language	20	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	515	0.4
Chinese languages	515	0.4
Hakka	5	0.0
Mandarin	185	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	290	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	0.0
Lao	40	0.0
Thai	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	65	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	20	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	16,700	12.7
English and French	145	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	16,105	12.3
French and non-official language(s)	15	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	155	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	280	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	131,115	100.0
None	81,965	62.5
English	20,275	15.5
French	715	0.5
Non-official language	20,080	15.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20,080	15.3
English and French	210	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	4,705	3.6
French and non-official language(s)	570	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	2,545	1.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	131,140	100.0
Official languages	121,245	92.5
English	121,170	92.4
French	5,370	4.1
Non-official languages	99,660	76.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	99,660	76.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,980	3.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	45	0.0
Hausa	40	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	765	0.6
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	120	0.1
Somali	650	0.5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,265	2.5
Amharic	75	0.1
Arabic	1,970	1.5
Aramaic languages	2,230	1.7
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,595	1.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	610	0.5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Maltese	70	0.1
Tigrigna	25	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,020	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	0.0
Vietnamese	990	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,465	1.1
Bikol	10	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	35	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	150	0.1
Indonesian	25	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	50	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	0.0
Pangasinan	15	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,305	1.0
Waray-Waray	20	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	0.0
Creole languages	330	0.3
Haitian Creole	20	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	65	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	50	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	140	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	0.0
Dravidian languages	7,835	6.0
Kannada	220	0.2
Malayalam	860	0.7
Tamil	6,475	4.9
Telugu	520	0.4
Tulu	25	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	82,900	63.2
Albanian	25	0.0
Armenian	65	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	575	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	575	0.4
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0.0
Czech	10	0.0
Macedonian	70	0.1
Polish	140	0.1
Russian	215	0.2
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	115	0.1
Bosnian	25	0.0
Croatian	75	0.1
Serbian	35	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	10	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	0.0
Ukrainian	40	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	250	0.2
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	180	0.1
German	180	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	0.0
Afrikaans	20	0.0
Dutch	50	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	130	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	78,035	59.5
Indo-Aryan languages	77,045	58.8
Assamese	10	0.0
Bengali	625	0.5
Gujarati	9,620	7.3
Hindi	26,590	20.3
Kacchi	75	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	25	0.0
Marathi	440	0.3
Nepali	55	0.0
Oriya languages	30	0.0
Odia	0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	30	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	59,075	45.0
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	90	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	330	0.3
Urdu	6,045	4.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	115	0.1
Iranian languages	1,190	0.9
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	90	0.1
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	200	0.2
Persian languages	965	0.7
Dari	830	0.6
Iranian Persian	85	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,165	3.2
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	2,055	1.6
Portuguese	600	0.5
Romanian	70	0.1
Spanish	1,680	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0
Japanese	35	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,380	1.8
Akan (Twi)	1,405	1.1
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	95	0.1
Éwé	45	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	80	0.1
Ganda	55	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	125	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	10	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	10	0.0
Ndebele	15	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	20	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	120	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	10	0.0
Yoruba	430	0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	135	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	80	0.1
American Sign Language	80	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	940	0.7
Chinese languages	935	0.7
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	560	0.4
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	480	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	165	0.1
Lao	110	0.1
Thai	50	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	255	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	235	0.2
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	45	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	131,140	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	45	0.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	35	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	10	0.0
Métis	25	0.0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	131,100	100.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	131,140	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	15	0.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	131,125	100.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	30,490	100.0
Owner	26,915	88.3
Renter	3,575	11.7
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	30,490	100.0
Condominium	2,350	7.7
Not condominium	28,135	92.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	30,490	100.0
No bedrooms	140	0.5
1 bedroom	1,110	3.6
2 bedrooms	2,100	6.9
3 bedrooms	5,940	19.5
4 or more bedrooms	21,200	69.5
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	30,490	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	4,540	14.9
5 rooms	4,190	13.7
6 rooms	4,925	16.2
7 rooms	4,690	15.4
8 or more rooms	12,140	39.8
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	7.1
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	30,490	100.0
One person or fewer per room	27,465	90.1
More than one person per room	3,025	9.9
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	30,490	100.0
Suitable	26,230	86.0
Not suitable	4,265	14.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	30,490	100.0
1960 or before	125	0.4
1961 to 1980	335	1.1
1981 to 1990	600	2.0
1991 to 2000	2,680	8.8
2001 to 2005	8,450	27.7
2006 to 2010	9,475	31.1
2011 to 2015	5,735	18.8
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,090	10.1
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	30,490	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	29,885	98.0
Major repairs needed	605	2.0
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	30,490	100.0
One-maintainer household	8,485	27.8
Two-maintainer household	15,745	51.6
Three-or-more-maintainer household	6,270	20.6
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	30,490	100.0
15 to 24 years	415	1.4
25 to 34 years	2,700	8.9
35 to 44 years	6,840	22.4
45 to 54 years	9,380	30.8
55 to 64 years	6,795	22.3
65 to 74 years	3,195	10.5
75 to 84 years	950	3.1
85 years and over	215	0.7
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	30,445	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	20,255	66.5
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,185	33.5
30% to less than 100%	9,645	31.7
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	30,490	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,825	45.3
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,065	29.7
Not suitable only	3,240	10.6
Major repairs needed only	320	1.0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	910	3.0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	175	0.6
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	0.3
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	0.1
Acceptable housing	16,665	54.7
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	29,900	100.0
In core need	3,015	10.1
Not in core need	26,885	89.9
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,915	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	83.2	83.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.6	32.6
% in core housing need⁶³	8.4	8.4
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,660	2,660
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,680	2,680
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,100,000	1,100,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,191,000	1,191,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,575	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	4.6	4.6
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.9	39.9
% in core housing need⁶³	23.4	23.4
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740	1,740
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,870	1,870
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	131,140	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15	0.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	15	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0.0
Métis single ancestry	10	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	75	0.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	75	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	0.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	131,055	99.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	131,140	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	105,985	80.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	27,715	21.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	78,265	59.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	25,155	19.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	131,140	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	49,440	37.7
Immigrants⁸¹	75,430	57.5
Before 1980	5,505	4.2
1980 to 1990	9,125	7.0
1991 to 2000	21,430	16.3
2001 to 2010	23,755	18.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	15,615	11.9
2011 to 2015	7,985	6.1
2016 to 2021	7,625	5.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,270	4.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	75,430	100.0
Under 5 years	4,480	5.9
5 to 14 years	9,345	12.4
15 to 24 years	19,820	26.3
25 to 44 years	30,735	40.7
45 years and over	11,050	14.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	75,430	100.0
Americas	9,305	12.3
Brazil	20	0.0
Colombia	105	0.1
El Salvador	165	0.2
Guyana	3,475	4.6
Haiti	25	0.0
Jamaica	2,955	3.9
Mexico	45	0.1
Peru	40	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	995	1.3
United States of America	515	0.7
Other places of birth in Americas	970	1.3
Europe	2,800	3.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	0.0
Croatia	35	0.0
France	20	0.0
Germany	90	0.1
Greece	60	0.1
Hungary	10	0.0
Italy	945	1.3
Netherlands	35	0.0
Poland	120	0.2
Portugal	300	0.4
Romania	80	0.1
Russian Federation	60	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	20	0.0
Ukraine	55	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	720	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	220	0.3
Africa	3,380	4.5
Algeria	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	0.0
Egypt	80	0.1
Eritrea	15	0.0
Ethiopia	200	0.3
Morocco	20	0.0
Nigeria	850	1.1
Somalia	305	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	55	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	1,825	2.4
Asia	59,745	79.2
Afghanistan	795	1.1
Iran⁸⁸	60	0.1
Iraq	1,815	2.4
Lebanon	105	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	105	0.1
Turkey	115	0.2
China⁹⁰	375	0.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Taiwan	25	0.0
Philippines	1,320	1.7
Viet Nam	820	1.1
Bangladesh	315	0.4
India	46,185	61.2
Pakistan	2,710	3.6
Sri Lanka	4,015	5.3
Other places of birth in Asia	945	1.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	195	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	7,625	100.0
Americas	430	5.6
Brazil	0	0.0
Colombia	0	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	190	2.5
Mexico	0	0.0
United States of America	85	1.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	145	1.9
Europe	95	1.2
France	0	0.0
Germany	0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0.0
Italy	35	0.5
Russian Federation	0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	0.5
Other places of birth in Europe	25	0.3
Africa	280	3.7
Algeria	0	0.0
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0.0
Egypt	0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0.2
Morocco	0	0.0
Nigeria	155	2.0
Somalia	10	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	10	0.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	0.9
Asia	6,810	89.3
Afghanistan	45	0.6
Bangladesh	20	0.3
China⁹⁰	30	0.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	5,810	76.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	150	2.0
Israel	0	0.0
Japan	0	0.0
Jordan	0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0.0
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	360	4.7
Philippines	135	1.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0.0
Sri Lanka	150	2.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0.2
Turkey	30	0.4
United Arab Emirates	15	0.2
Viet Nam	35	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0.1
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0.2
Australia	0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0.1
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	131,140	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	82,355	62.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	44,465	33.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	4,315	3.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	69,925	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	22,745	32.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,265	14.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	12,480	17.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	37,920	54.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	8,475	12.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	785	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	69,925	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	4,570	6.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,105	5.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	535	0.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,695	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	280	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	57,750	82.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	131,140	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	122,475	93.4
South Asian	91,975	70.1
Chinese	995	0.8
Black	13,345	10.2
Filipino	2,000	1.5
Arab	1,430	1.1
Latin American	1,610	1.2
Southeast Asian	1,635	1.2
West Asian	2,470	1.9
Korean	0	0.0
Japanese	15	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,100	3.9
Multiple visible minorities	1,890	1.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	8,665	6.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	131,140	100.0
Canadian	5,185	4.0
English	950	0.7
Irish	680	0.5
Scottish	785	0.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	350	0.3
German	550	0.4
Chinese	1,395	1.1
Italian	3,660	2.8
Indian (India)	46,850	35.7
Ukrainian	275	0.2
Dutch	180	0.1
Polish	315	0.2
Québécois	35	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	350	0.3
Filipino	2,000	1.5
French Canadian	55	0.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	180	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	45	0.0
Métis	15	0.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	330	0.3
Russian	130	0.1
Norwegian	45	0.0
Welsh	45	0.0
Portuguese	1,260	1.0
American	105	0.1
Spanish	620	0.5
Swedish	25	0.0
Hungarian	95	0.1
Acadian	0	0.0
Pakistani	3,575	2.7
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,145	1.6
Jewish	65	0.0
Punjabi	17,800	13.6
Vietnamese	1,165	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	300	0.2
Greek	235	0.2
Jamaican	3,915	3.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,775	1.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Romanian	65	0.0
Lebanese	155	0.1
Iranian	160	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	500	0.4
Danish	15	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0.0
Sikh	15,330	11.7
Austrian	65	0.0
Belgian	25	0.0
Haitian	30	0.0
Hindu	7,675	5.9
Mexican	95	0.1
Mennonite	0	0.0
Swiss	0	0.0
Finnish	15	0.0
Sri Lankan	3,470	2.6
Croatian	110	0.1
Japanese	45	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	3,880	3.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	20	0.0
Muslim	660	0.5
Egyptian	120	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	325	0.2
Tamil	3,470	2.6
Icelandic	0	0.0
Colombian	140	0.1
Moroccan	30	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Syrian	220	0.2
Guyanese	3,230	2.5
Afghan	1,160	0.9
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	840	0.6
Serbian	30	0.0
Ojibway	0	0.0
Newfoundlander	10	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0.0
Ontarian	160	0.1
Persian	75	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	940	0.7
Turkish	210	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0.0
Bangladeshi	430	0.3
Algerian	0	0.0
Brazilian	40	0.0
Nigerian	625	0.5
Armenian	90	0.1
Slovak	20	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	0.0
Somali	750	0.6
Taiwanese	25	0.0
Iraqi	1,305	1.0
Salvadorean	240	0.2
African Caribbean	660	0.5
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	515	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	390	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	960	0.7
Algonquin	0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,310	1.0
Lithuanian	10	0.0
South African	30	0.0
Australian	10	0.0
Palestinian	100	0.1
Chilean	120	0.1
Congolese	45	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	0.0
Ethiopian	205	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	135	0.1
Peruvian	60	0.0
Yoruba	390	0.3
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	0.0
Berber	0	0.0
Albanian	35	0.0
Maltese	100	0.1
Macedonian	100	0.1
Slovenian	135	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0.0
Gujarati	2,030	1.5
Eritrean	55	0.0
African Canadian	345	0.3
Israeli	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	0.0
Albertan	0	0.0
Ghanaian	1,340	1.0
Barbadian	260	0.2
African American	180	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	0.0
Tunisian	0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0.0
Cuban	35	0.0
Bosnian	25	0.0
Venezuelan	30	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0.0
Latvian	10	0.0
Bengali	80	0.1
Cameroonian	55	0.0
Guatemalan	40	0.0
Indonesian	25	0.0
Laotian	185	0.1
Ilocano	65	0.0
Northern Irish	20	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	285	0.2
Franco Ontarian	0	0.0
Argentinian	90	0.1
Estonian	0	0.0
Kurdish	75	0.1
Fijian	95	0.1
Jatt	1,825	1.4
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	0.0
Coptic	40	0.0
Thai	55	0.0
Dominican	65	0.0
Nepali	50	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Assyrian	850	0.6
Igbo	155	0.1
Byelorussian	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0.0
Breton	0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0.0
Malaysian	60	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0.0
Buddhist	20	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0.0
Norman	0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	100	0.1
Ivorian	0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	0.0
Mauritian	0	0.0
Kenyan	75	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	170	0.1
Jordanian	55	0.0
Manitoban	0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0
Grenadian	60	0.0
Malayali	180	0.1
Chaldean	490	0.4
Sinhalese	130	0.1
Mayan	0	0.0
Honduran	0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	405	0.3
Flemish	0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0.0
Pashtun	90	0.1
Malay	0	0.0
Goan	95	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0.0
Burmese	35	0.0
Mongolian	10	0.0
Azorean	25	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	505	0.4
Ugandan	35	0.0
Oromo	65	0.0
Tanzanian	15	0.0
Yemeni	70	0.1
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	10	0.0
Basque	0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	285	0.2
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	75	0.1
Igorot	0	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0
St. Lucian	30	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0.0
Beninese	35	0.0
Telugu	35	0.0
Roma	0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0.0
Kashmiri	55	0.0
Singaporean	25	0.0
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	125	0.1
Tajik	30	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	131,140	100.0
Buddhist	985	0.8
Christian	29,285	22.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,490	7.2
Anabaptist	10	0.0
Anglican	525	0.4
Baptist	350	0.3
Catholic	13,640	10.4
Christian Orthodox	750	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	220	0.2
Latter Day Saints	15	0.0
Lutheran	110	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	80	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,525	1.9
Presbyterian	390	0.3
Reformed	0	0.0
United Church	225	0.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	960	0.7
Hindu	31,180	23.8
Jewish	40	0.0
Muslim	9,700	7.4
Sikh	53,030	40.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	545	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	6,375	4.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	129,995	100.0
Non-movers	118,505	91.2
Movers	11,490	8.8
Non-migrants	7,340	5.6
Migrants	4,155	3.2
Internal migrants	2,550	2.0
Intraprovincial migrants	2,215	1.7
Interprovincial migrants	340	0.3
External migrants	1,600	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	124,805	100.0
Non-movers	82,585	66.2
Movers	42,220	33.8
Non-migrants	20,335	16.3
Migrants	21,885	17.5
Internal migrants	11,845	9.5
Intraprovincial migrants	10,640	8.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,205	1.0
External migrants	10,040	8.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	107,735	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,125	20.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,610	79.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,630	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,475	13.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,155	86.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	107,730	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,355	19.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,605	28.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,770	51.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,050	21.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,240	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,905	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,330	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,485	15.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,330	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	32,720	30.4
Bachelor's degree	21,860	20.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,090	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	915	0.8
Master's degree	7,380	6.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	475	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,625	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,935	12.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,195	24.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,500	63.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,555	24.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,450	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,440	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,015	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,615	17.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,495	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,940	38.1
Bachelor's degree	17,275	24.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,755	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	825	1.2
Master's degree	6,680	9.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	415	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	107,735	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	51,960	48.2
Education	2,085	1.9
13. Education	2,085	1.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	850	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	790	0.7
Humanities	5,115	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	410	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	550	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,565	3.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	80	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	0.1
54. History	300	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,825	5.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	890	0.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,380	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	0.1
42. Psychology	710	0.7
45. Social sciences	2,315	2.1
Business, management and public administration	14,835	13.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	620	0.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,185	13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,835	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,215	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,540	1.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	0.0
40. Physical sciences	865	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	160	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,995	3.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,485	3.2
25. Library science	30	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	425	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,815	9.1
04. Architecture and related services	280	0.3
14. Engineering	4,385	4.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,360	2.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	805	0.7
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,385	1.3
48. Precision production	590	0.5
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	455	0.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	350	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	0.1
Health and related fields	6,960	6.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	360	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,440	6.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	140	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,000	1.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	940	0.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0.0
43. Security and protective services	755	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	290	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	70,630	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,130	37.0
Education	1,545	2.2
13. Education	1,545	2.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	610	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	590	0.8
Humanities	4,095	5.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	350	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	445	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,845	4.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	0.1
54. History	240	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,580	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	305	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	640	0.9
22. Legal professions and studies	1,130	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	0.1
42. Psychology	520	0.7
45. Social sciences	1,875	2.7
Business, management and public administration	11,880	16.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	505	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,350	16.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,970	4.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	910	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,185	1.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0.0
40. Physical sciences	725	1.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,320	4.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,890	4.1
25. Library science	30	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	360	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,805	11.1
04. Architecture and related services	230	0.3
14. Engineering	3,600	5.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,845	2.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	580	0.8
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,070	1.5
48. Precision production	475	0.7
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	355	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	285	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	0.1
Health and related fields	5,785	8.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,415	7.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,545	2.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	800	1.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	545	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	200	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	70,630	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,130	37.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	44,495	63.0
Location of study inside Canada	23,055	32.6
Same as province or territory of residence	22,225	31.5
Different than province or territory of residence	835	1.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	21,445	30.4
Americas	1,680	2.4
United States of America	845	1.2
Mexico	0	0.0
Cuba	10	0.0
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	275	0.4
Brazil	10	0.0
Colombia	0	0.0
Peru	0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	510	0.7
Europe	855	1.2
Belgium	0	0.0
France	15	0.0
Germany	40	0.1
Netherlands	20	0.0
Switzerland	0	0.0
Hungary	0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0.0
Poland	20	0.0
Romania	30	0.0
Russian Federation	35	0.0
Ukraine	55	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	575	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0.0
Italy	10	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	0.0
Africa	535	0.8
Nigeria	225	0.3
Algeria	0	0.0
Morocco	0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0.0
Egypt	35	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	245	0.3
Asia	18,255	25.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0.0
Iraq	250	0.4
Israel	0	0.0
Lebanon	20	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	0.0
Turkey	25	0.0
China⁹⁰	115	0.2
Taiwan	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
Japan	10	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0.0
Philippines	520	0.7
Viet Nam	50	0.1
Bangladesh	90	0.1
Sri Lanka	255	0.4
India	16,000	22.7
Pakistan	750	1.1
Other locations of study in Asia	145	0.2
Oceania	120	0.2
Australia	95	0.1
New Zealand	15	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	107,730	...
In the labour force	70,970	...
Employed	61,390	...
Unemployed	9,580	...
Not in the labour force	36,765	...
Participation rate	65.9	65.9
Employment rate	57.0	57.0
Unemployment rate	13.5	13.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	107,735	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	41,250	38.3
Worked	66,485	61.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,630	32.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,850	29.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.9	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	70,965	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,690	3.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	68,275	96.2
Employee	55,150	77.7
Permanent position	45,775	64.5
Temporary position	9,380	13.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,160	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,220	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,130	18.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	70,965	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,690	3.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	68,275	96.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	530	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,845	18.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,805	8.2
3 Health occupations	4,575	6.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,890	6.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	725	1.0
6 Sales and service occupations	15,565	21.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	16,545	23.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	210	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	6,595	9.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	70,965	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,690	3.8
All industries¹⁹¹	68,275	96.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	130	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	40	0.1
22 Utilities	205	0.3
23 Construction	3,520	5.0
31-33 Manufacturing	9,145	12.9
41 Wholesale trade	2,530	3.6
44-45 Retail trade	7,760	10.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	12,575	17.7
51 Information and cultural industries	1,090	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	3,740	5.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,700	2.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,025	7.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	205	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,520	5.0
61 Educational services	3,050	4.3
62 Health care and social assistance	6,190	8.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	470	0.7
72 Accommodation and food services	3,240	4.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,390	3.4
91 Public administration	1,750	2.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	74,555	100.0
English	64,935	87.1
French	40	0.1
Non-official language	1,220	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,220	1.6
English and French	395	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	7,890	10.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	74,555	100.0
Single responses	72,835	97.7
Official languages	70,330	94.3
English	70,230	94.2
French	105	0.1
Non-official languages	2,505	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,505	3.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	0.0
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	0.0
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	0	0.0
Aramaic languages	15	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	0.1
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	15	0.0
Tamil	55	0.1
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,355	3.2
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	0	0.0
Russian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,310	3.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,295	3.1
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	110	0.1
Hindi	100	0.1
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,050	2.7
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	40	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0.0
Dari	15	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	0.1
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	10	0.0
Portuguese	10	0.0
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	25	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	0.1
Chinese languages	40	0.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	30	0.0
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,720	2.3
English and French	95	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,615	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	74,555	100.0
None	67,590	90.7
English	1,145	1.5
French	245	0.3
Non-official language	4,245	5.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,245	5.7
English and French	0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	160	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,155	1.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	61,390	100.0
Worked at home	12,700	20.7
Worked outside Canada	340	0.6
No fixed workplace address	10,640	17.3
Usual place of work	37,710	61.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,710	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,015	34.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,655	25.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,995	39.8
Commute to a different province or territory	40	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	48,350	100.0
Car, truck or van	43,670	90.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,535	81.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,135	8.6
Public transit	3,395	7.0
Walked	375	0.8
Bicycle	30	0.1
Other method	880	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	48,350	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,410	13.3
15 to 29 minutes	19,120	39.5
30 to 44 minutes	14,075	29.1
45 to 59 minutes	4,520	9.3
60 minutes and over	4,225	8.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	48,350	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,650	7.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,475	17.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,160	18.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,545	17.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,105	16.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,410	21.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	30,015	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,185	7.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	27,830	92.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	23,260	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,920	8.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,380	5.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	540	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,340	91.7

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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