Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Bruce--Grey--Owen SoundMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	113,348	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	107,679	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	59,757	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	47,670	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	18.6	...	...	18.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	6,089.27	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,350	56,015	57,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,535	8,995	8,540	15.5	16.1	14.9
0 to 4 years	5,635	2,920	2,715	5.0	5.2	4.7
5 to 9 years	5,980	3,055	2,925	5.3	5.5	5.1
10 to 14 years	5,920	3,025	2,895	5.2	5.4	5.0
15 to 64 years	65,745	32,840	32,910	58.0	58.6	57.4
15 to 19 years	5,505	2,885	2,620	4.9	5.2	4.6
20 to 24 years	5,235	2,750	2,480	4.6	4.9	4.3
25 to 29 years	5,715	2,920	2,795	5.0	5.2	4.9
30 to 34 years	6,050	3,050	3,005	5.3	5.4	5.2
35 to 39 years	6,040	3,020	3,020	5.3	5.4	5.3
40 to 44 years	5,790	2,905	2,885	5.1	5.2	5.0
45 to 49 years	5,645	2,860	2,785	5.0	5.1	4.9
50 to 54 years	6,635	3,185	3,450	5.9	5.7	6.0
55 to 59 years	9,075	4,420	4,660	8.0	7.9	8.1
60 to 64 years	10,050	4,850	5,205	8.9	8.7	9.1
65 years and over	30,065	14,185	15,880	26.5	25.3	27.7
65 to 69 years	9,405	4,560	4,845	8.3	8.1	8.5
70 to 74 years	8,175	4,035	4,140	7.2	7.2	7.2
75 to 79 years	5,330	2,600	2,725	4.7	4.6	4.8
80 to 84 years	3,605	1,630	1,975	3.2	2.9	3.4
85 years and over	3,550	1,355	2,195	3.1	2.4	3.8
85 to 89 years	2,180	920	1,265	1.9	1.6	2.2
90 to 94 years	1,085	370	720	1.0	0.7	1.3
95 to 99 years	235	60	180	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	16.1	14.9	15.5	16.1	14.9
15 to 64 years	58.0	58.6	57.4	58.0	58.6	57.4
65 years and over	26.5	25.3	27.7	26.5	25.3	27.7
85 years and over	3.1	2.4	3.8	3.1	2.4	3.8
Average age of the population	45.8	44.9	46.8	45.8	44.9	46.8
Median age of the population	49.2	47.6	50.8	49.2	47.6	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	37,915	...	...	79.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	830	...	...	1.7	...	...
Row house	1,750	...	...	3.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	715	...	...	1.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,990	...	...	10.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	875	...	...	1.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	420	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,680	...	...	28.7	...	...
2 persons	19,270	...	...	40.4	...	...
3 persons	6,060	...	...	12.7	...	...
4 persons	5,125	...	...	10.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,540	...	...	7.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,270	55,295	55,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	95,810	47,020	48,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	59,130	29,480	29,645	61.7	62.7	60.8
Married	48,285	24,090	24,190	50.4	51.2	49.6
Living common-law	10,850	5,395	5,450	11.3	11.5	11.2
Living common law - Never married	6,815	3,430	3,390	7.1	7.3	6.9
Living common law - Separated	740	380	365	0.8	0.8	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,910	1,430	1,480	3.0	3.0	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	380	160	225	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	36,685	17,540	19,140	38.3	37.3	39.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,100	11,970	9,130	22.0	25.5	18.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,690	1,265	1,425	2.8	2.7	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,975	2,655	3,325	6.2	5.6	6.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,910	1,650	5,265	7.2	3.5	10.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	20,090	...	...	59.9	...	...
3 persons	5,930	...	...	17.7	...	...
4 persons	4,760	...	...	14.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,760	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	29,005	...	...	86.5	...	...
Married couples	23,580	...	...	70.3	...	...
With children⁶	9,565	...	...	28.5	...	...
Without children	14,015	...	...	41.8	...	...
Common-law couples	5,420	...	...	16.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,160	...	...	6.4	...	...
Without children	3,260	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,540	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,410	...	...	10.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,130	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,270	55,295	55,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	92,675	46,365	46,310	83.3	83.9	82.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	58,005	28,945	29,060	52.1	52.3	51.9
Parents in one-parent families	4,540	1,135	3,405	4.1	2.1	6.1
Children⁶	30,135	16,290	13,850	27.1	29.5	24.7
In a two-parent family	23,160	12,375	10,785	20.8	22.4	19.3
In a one-parent family	6,980	3,915	3,070	6.3	7.1	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,590	8,930	9,660	16.7	16.1	17.3
Living alone	13,680	6,400	7,280	12.3	11.6	13.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,020	885	1,130	1.8	1.6	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	2,900	1,645	1,250	2.6	3.0	2.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,190	...	...	63.3	...	...
Couple-family households	26,770	...	...	56.2	...	...
With children⁶	10,730	...	...	22.5	...	...
Without children	16,040	...	...	33.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,415	...	...	7.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,050	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	250	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,195	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,315	...	...	2.8	...	...
One-person households	13,680	...	...	28.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	93,745	46,305	47,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,310	45,085	46,225	97.4	97.4	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	34,400	38,000	42,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,360	45,110	46,245	97.5	97.4	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,800	31,600	34,800	38,800	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,230	40,745	40,485	86.6	88.0	85.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	37,200	24,400	30,400	37,200	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,795	32,560	29,235	65.9	70.3	61.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	35,600	26,000	30,800	35,600	26,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,980	40,660	42,325	88.5	87.8	89.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,700	9,800	12,800	11,700	9,800	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,020	4,075	3,945	8.6	8.8	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,880	6,000	5,640	5,880	6,000	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,965	10,105	10,860	22.4	21.8	22.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	93,745	46,305	47,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,255	45,090	46,160	97.3	97.4	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,760	55,850	41,760	48,760	55,850	41,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,290	45,115	46,180	97.4	97.4	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,480	46,480	36,560	41,480	46,480	36,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,300	40,770	40,530	86.7	88.0	85.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,640	51,160	34,120	42,640	51,160	34,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,795	32,645	29,150	65.9	70.5	61.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,640	48,240	34,280	41,640	48,240	34,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,035	40,765	42,270	88.6	88.0	89.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,650	12,920	11,800	10,650	12,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,915	3,935	3,980	8.4	8.5	8.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,850	6,570	7,130	6,850	6,570	7,130
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,860	10,155	10,700	22.3	21.9	22.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,410	7,990	8,810	8,410	7,990	8,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	93,745	46,300	47,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,665	16,110	11,555	29.5	34.8	24.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	58,400	49,600	54,000	58,400	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,800	71,200	55,900	64,800	71,200	55,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,630	11,455	13,170	26.3	24.7	27.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	21,000	15,600	17,800	21,000	15,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	31,080	22,320	26,400	31,080	22,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.0	82.8	71.6	78.0	82.8	71.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.9	62.5	51.8	57.9	62.5	51.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.0	17.2	28.3	22.0	17.2	28.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.7	6.1	4.7	3.7	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.2	4.9	3.9	3.2	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	93,745	46,305	47,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,435	1,220	1,215	2.6	2.6	2.6
With total income	91,310	45,085	46,225	97.4	97.4	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,840	3,010	3,825	7.5	6.7	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	12,825	5,315	7,510	14.0	11.8	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	15,730	6,930	8,805	17.2	15.4	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	12,510	5,670	6,835	13.7	12.6	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	10,975	5,255	5,715	12.0	11.7	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	8,545	4,360	4,190	9.4	9.7	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,645	3,715	2,935	7.3	8.2	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,570	2,690	1,875	5.0	6.0	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,185	1,870	1,310	3.5	4.1	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,370	1,425	940	2.6	3.2	2.0
$100,000 and over	7,125	4,830	2,290	7.8	10.7	5.0
$100,000 to $149,999	4,780	3,055	1,730	5.2	6.8	3.7
$150,000 and over	2,340	1,770	565	2.6	3.9	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	93,745	46,305	47,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,390	1,195	1,195	2.5	2.6	2.5
With after-tax income	91,355	45,110	46,250	97.5	97.4	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,330	3,180	4,155	8.0	7.0	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	13,330	5,545	7,790	14.6	12.3	16.8
$20,000 to $29,999	17,520	7,805	9,720	19.2	17.3	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	14,900	7,000	7,905	16.3	15.5	17.1
$40,000 to $49,999	12,140	6,035	6,105	13.3	13.4	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,980	4,930	4,045	9.8	10.9	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,700	3,295	2,400	6.2	7.3	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,695	2,200	1,495	4.0	4.9	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,525	1,450	1,080	2.8	3.2	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,465	920	545	1.6	2.0	1.2
$100,000 and over	3,765	2,760	1,005	4.1	6.1	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,985	1,420	570	2.2	3.1	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,775	1,340	435	1.9	3.0	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	93,745	46,305	47,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	31,950	13,745	18,205	34.1	29.7	38.4
With employment income	61,795	32,565	29,235	65.9	70.3	61.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,190	5,805	5,390	18.1	17.8	18.4
$5,000 to $9,999	5,080	2,220	2,860	8.2	6.8	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,870	3,575	4,300	12.7	11.0	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	6,220	2,890	3,325	10.1	8.9	11.4
$30,000 to $39,999	6,295	3,055	3,240	10.2	9.4	11.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,585	2,850	2,735	9.0	8.8	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	4,740	2,615	2,130	7.7	8.0	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,695	2,245	1,450	6.0	6.9	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,630	1,650	975	4.3	5.1	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,935	1,200	735	3.1	3.7	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,685	1,000	690	2.7	3.1	2.4
$100,000 and over	4,865	3,450	1,415	7.9	10.6	4.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,215	1,395	820	3.6	4.3	2.8
$125,000 and over	2,655	2,055	600	4.3	6.3	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	93,745	46,305	47,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,060	44,410	45,650	96.1	95.9	96.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,000	31,800	36,400	42,000	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,100	44,415	45,685	96.1	95.9	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,600	29,600	33,200	37,600	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,675	40,425	40,245	86.1	87.3	84.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	39,200	26,400	32,400	39,200	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,450	32,810	29,640	66.6	70.9	62.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,000	28,200	32,800	38,000	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,490	38,800	40,690	84.8	83.8	85.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,500	4,440	9,100	7,500	4,440	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,805	3,440	3,365	7.3	7.4	7.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,760	5,520	5,640	5,760	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	93,745	46,305	47,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,185	44,485	45,700	96.2	96.1	96.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,760	54,450	39,320	46,760	54,450	39,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,205	44,485	45,715	96.2	96.1	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,640	45,080	34,360	39,640	45,080	34,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,920	40,540	40,380	86.3	87.5	85.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,950	34,440	43,200	51,950	34,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,795	33,030	29,765	67.0	71.3	62.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,760	48,560	34,240	41,760	48,560	34,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,575	38,875	40,700	84.9	84.0	85.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,070	8,160	9,950	9,070	8,160	9,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,505	3,335	3,180	6.9	7.2	6.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,950	6,420	7,510	6,950	6,420	7,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	93,745	46,300	47,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,335	15,920	11,420	29.2	34.4	24.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	56,400	46,000	51,200	56,400	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,550	68,300	52,100	61,550	68,300	52,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,825	11,145	12,680	25.4	24.1	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	27,000	20,000	22,400	27,000	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,760	36,160	26,040	30,760	36,160	26,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.8	87.0	77.4	82.8	87.0	77.4
Employment income (%)	62.2	66.2	56.8	62.2	66.2	56.8
Government transfers (%)	17.1	13.1	22.6	17.1	13.1	22.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	47,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,680	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,990	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	47,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,300	...	...	93,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,400	...	...	79,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,160	...	...	46,160	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,880	...	...	39,880	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,300	...	...	112,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,400	...	...	95,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	445	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	250	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	700	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,140	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,095	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,030	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,635	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,095	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,095	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,990	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,855	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,715	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,395	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,090	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,865	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,280	...	...	34.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,480	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,700	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,950	...	...	8.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,155	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	515	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	710	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,190	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,205	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,255	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,945	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,350	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,345	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,270	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,620	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,130	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,890	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,510	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,880	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,590	...	...	26.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,225	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,215	...	...	6.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,150	...	...	8.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,070	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,575	8,045	8,525	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	37,200	33,600	35,200	37,200	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,000	31,600	32,800	34,000	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,020	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,200	...	...	112,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,200	...	...	95,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,400	...	...	100,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,900	...	...	84,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,400	...	...	141,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,200	...	...	74,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,600	...	...	66,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,600	7,990	8,605	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,760	47,680	42,000	44,760	47,680	42,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,760	40,600	37,080	38,760	40,600	37,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,270	55,300	55,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,900	10,735	10,165	18.8	19.4	18.2
0 to 5 years	6,810	3,515	3,290	6.1	6.4	5.9
18 to 64 years	61,925	30,845	31,080	55.7	55.8	55.5
65 years and over	28,445	13,720	14,725	25.6	24.8	26.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,025	6,710	7,315	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,000	1,505	1,495	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,075	540	535	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,165	3,530	3,630	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,860	1,675	2,185	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.6	12.1	13.1	12.6	12.1	13.1
0 to 17 years (%)	14.4	14.0	14.7	14.4	14.0	14.7
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	15.4	16.3	15.8	15.4	16.3
18 to 64 years (%)	11.6	11.5	11.7	11.6	11.5	11.7
65 years and over (%)	13.6	12.2	14.9	13.6	12.2	14.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	109,900	54,600	55,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,620	10,590	10,035	18.8	19.4	18.1
0 to 5 years	6,730	3,475	3,250	6.1	6.4	5.9
18 to 64 years	61,095	30,415	30,680	55.6	55.7	55.5
65 years and over	28,180	13,595	14,585	25.6	24.9	26.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,450	1,810	1,645	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	600	285	315	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	215	105	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,470	1,335	1,135	...	...	...
65 years and over	380	185	190	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	2.7	3.1	2.9	2.7	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	4.4	3.7	4.1	4.4	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,275	55,295	55,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	61,670	30,035	31,635	55.4	54.3	56.5
In bottom decile	11,825	5,780	6,050	10.6	10.5	10.8
In second decile	13,110	6,090	7,015	11.8	11.0	12.5
In third decile	12,765	6,230	6,530	11.5	11.3	11.7
In fourth decile	12,220	5,995	6,220	11.0	10.8	11.1
In fifth decile	11,750	5,935	5,815	10.6	10.7	10.4
In top half of the distribution	49,600	25,260	24,345	44.6	45.7	43.5
In sixth decile	11,260	5,660	5,605	10.1	10.2	10.0
In seventh decile	10,895	5,525	5,375	9.8	10.0	9.6
In eighth decile	10,170	5,165	5,010	9.1	9.3	9.0
In ninth decile	9,315	4,775	4,540	8.4	8.6	8.1
In top decile	7,960	4,145	3,810	7.2	7.5	6.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,270	...	...	111,270	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.326	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.460	...	...	0.460	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	112,055	55,590	56,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	105,600	52,835	52,760	94.2	95.0	93.4
French only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,795	2,395	3,400	5.2	4.3	6.0
Neither English nor French	630	345	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	112,055	55,590	56,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	110,530	54,845	55,685	98.6	98.7	98.6
French	825	370	450	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	605	330	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	112,055	55,590	56,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,970	55,080	55,890	99.0	99.1	99.0
Official languages	102,490	50,865	51,620	91.5	91.5	91.4
English	101,580	50,465	51,115	90.7	90.8	90.5
French	910	400	505	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-official languages	8,485	4,215	4,270	7.6	7.6	7.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	160	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algonquian languages	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,325	4,125	4,195	7.4	7.4	7.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	125	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,285	3,645	3,640	6.5	6.6	6.4
Albanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	740	335	400	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	690	310	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	245	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5,245	2,605	2,640	4.7	4.7	4.7
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	4,050	2,010	2,040	3.6	3.6	3.6
German	2,355	1,160	1,195	2.1	2.1	2.1
Pennsylvania German	1,625	815	815	1.5	1.5	1.4
Swiss German	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,130	555	570	1.0	1.0	1.0
Afrikaans	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	895	445	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	440	245	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	385	210	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	780	425	350	0.7	0.8	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	225	135	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	230	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	285	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,085	515	570	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	640	310	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	112,055	55,590	56,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	104,165	51,725	52,435	93.0	93.0	92.9
French	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	3,290	1,670	1,620	2.9	3.0	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,290	1,670	1,620	2.9	3.0	2.9
English and French	740	305	435	0.7	0.5	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	3,480	1,700	1,780	3.1	3.1	3.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	112,055	55,590	56,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	111,405	55,280	56,130	99.4	99.4	99.4
Official languages	106,945	53,025	53,915	95.4	95.4	95.5
English	106,760	52,940	53,820	95.3	95.2	95.3
French	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	4,465	2,255	2,210	4.0	4.1	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,455	2,250	2,205	4.0	4.0	3.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,955	1,995	1,955	3.5	3.6	3.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,265	1,655	1,610	2.9	3.0	2.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,755	1,385	1,370	2.5	2.5	2.4
German	1,285	655	625	1.1	1.2	1.1
Pennsylvania German	1,450	715	730	1.3	1.3	1.3
Swiss German	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	505	265	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Afrikaans	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	350	190	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	270	145	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	240	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	215	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	645	315	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	525	260	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	112,055	55,595	56,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	108,160	53,745	54,415	96.5	96.7	96.4
English	995	490	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
French	615	255	360	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	1,970	945	1,025	1.8	1.7	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	180	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	1,790	880	910	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	130	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,270	55,295	55,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	110,600	54,970	55,635	99.4	99.4	99.4
English	110,585	54,960	55,630	99.4	99.4	99.4
French	5,765	2,345	3,415	5.2	4.2	6.1
Non-official languages	10,690	5,215	5,470	9.6	9.4	9.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	400	180	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	390	175	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	380	175	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	380	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	365	160	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,310	5,040	5,270	9.3	9.1	9.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	330	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	320	175	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	185	45	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	45	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,880	4,400	4,485	8.0	8.0	8.0
Albanian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	900	400	500	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baltic languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	840	370	470	0.8	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5,820	2,810	3,010	5.2	5.1	5.4
Frisian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	4,695	2,275	2,420	4.2	4.1	4.3
German	2,950	1,435	1,515	2.7	2.6	2.7
Pennsylvania German	1,790	855	930	1.6	1.5	1.7
Swiss German	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,395	690	710	1.3	1.2	1.3
Afrikaans	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	1,215	600	615	1.1	1.1	1.1
Low German, n.o.s.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	615	365	245	0.6	0.7	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	525	315	210	0.5	0.6	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	255	160	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	135	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,645	875	770	1.5	1.6	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	420	250	175	0.4	0.5	0.3
Portuguese	250	145	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,010	490	520	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	180	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,270	55,295	55,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,280	2,055	2,220	3.8	3.7	4.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,145	1,990	2,150	3.7	3.6	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,780	1,330	1,445	2.5	2.4	2.6
Métis	1,335	640	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
Inuk (Inuit)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	106,990	53,245	53,755	96.2	96.3	96.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,270	55,295	55,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,115	1,050	1,070	1.9	1.9	1.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	109,150	54,245	54,905	98.1	98.1	98.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	37,150	...	...	77.9	...	...
Renter	10,310	...	...	21.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	205	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,505	...	...	3.2	...	...
Not condominium	46,165	...	...	96.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	4,100	...	...	8.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,605	...	...	22.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,370	...	...	40.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,410	...	...	28.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,195	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 rooms	6,585	...	...	13.8	...	...
6 rooms	8,185	...	...	17.2	...	...
7 rooms	7,330	...	...	15.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,375	...	...	36.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	47,370	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	300	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	46,330	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,340	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	16,475	...	...	34.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,110	...	...	25.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,035	...	...	12.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,800	...	...	10.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,050	...	...	4.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,170	...	...	4.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,715	...	...	3.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,310	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,135	...	...	92.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,530	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,675	...	...	49.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,430	...	...	47.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,560	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	700	...	...	1.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,020	...	...	10.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,145	...	...	12.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,720	...	...	14.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,895	...	...	22.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,450	...	...	21.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,705	...	...	12.0	...	...
85 years and over	2,035	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	44,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,600	...	...	81.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,360	...	...	18.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,675	...	...	17.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	47,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,080	...	...	25.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,400	...	...	15.5	...	...
Not suitable only	1,025	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,540	...	...	5.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	800	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,590	...	...	74.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,830	...	...	6.4	...	...
Not in core need	41,440	...	...	93.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,905	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.8	...	...	51.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.2	...	...	13.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,181	...	...	1,181	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	578,500	...	...	578,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,185	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.5	...	...	17.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.0	...	...	37.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.3	...	...	17.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,001	...	...	1,001	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	205	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	7.3	...	...	7.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...	400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	416	...	...	416	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,270	55,295	55,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,865	880	985	1.7	1.6	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,845	880	965	1.7	1.6	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,630	785	845	1.5	1.4	1.5
Métis single ancestry	215	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,735	1,815	1,920	3.4	3.3	3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,675	1,795	1,875	3.3	3.2	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,365	1,205	1,165	2.1	2.2	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,285	575	705	1.2	1.0	1.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	105,670	52,600	53,070	95.0	95.1	94.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,270	55,300	55,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	109,110	54,205	54,905	98.1	98.0	98.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,615	10,575	10,045	18.5	19.1	17.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,490	43,630	44,860	79.5	78.9	80.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,160	1,090	1,070	1.9	2.0	1.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,270	55,300	55,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	102,300	50,815	51,495	91.9	91.9	92.0
Immigrants⁸¹	8,655	4,310	4,345	7.8	7.8	7.8
Before 1980	4,675	2,310	2,365	4.2	4.2	4.2
1980 to 1990	1,045	510	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
1991 to 2000	990	495	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
2001 to 2010	930	480	450	0.8	0.9	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,015	510	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
2011 to 2015	420	220	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
2016 to 2021	595	295	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	310	170	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,655	4,310	4,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,245	595	650	14.4	13.8	15.0
5 to 14 years	2,065	1,115	945	23.9	25.9	21.7
15 to 24 years	1,885	895	990	21.8	20.8	22.8
25 to 44 years	3,050	1,520	1,530	35.2	35.3	35.2
45 years and over	415	195	220	4.8	4.5	5.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,655	4,310	4,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,610	810	805	18.6	18.8	18.5
Brazil	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Colombia	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
El Salvador	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Guyana	125	75	50	1.4	1.7	1.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	150	85	60	1.7	2.0	1.4
Mexico	125	55	70	1.4	1.3	1.6
Peru	30	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	85	55	25	1.0	1.3	0.6
United States of America	800	365	435	9.2	8.5	10.0
Other places of birth in Americas	255	140	110	2.9	3.2	2.5
Europe	5,515	2,760	2,750	63.7	64.0	63.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Croatia	60	35	20	0.7	0.8	0.5
France	80	35	40	0.9	0.8	0.9
Germany	760	340	420	8.8	7.9	9.7
Greece	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hungary	75	30	40	0.9	0.7	0.9
Italy	200	105	100	2.3	2.4	2.3
Netherlands	580	325	260	6.7	7.5	6.0
Poland	210	90	120	2.4	2.1	2.8
Portugal	155	110	55	1.8	2.6	1.3
Romania	55	15	40	0.6	0.3	0.9
Russian Federation	45	15	30	0.5	0.3	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	65	30	30	0.8	0.7	0.7
Ukraine	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,505	1,270	1,235	28.9	29.5	28.4
Other places of birth in Europe	635	320	310	7.3	7.4	7.1
Africa	270	125	140	3.1	2.9	3.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Eritrea	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	90	30	60	1.0	0.7	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	90	50	45	1.0	1.2	1.0
Asia	1,170	565	600	13.5	13.1	13.8
Afghanistan	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	40	25	20	0.5	0.6	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	100	55	45	1.2	1.3	1.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	125	60	65	1.4	1.4	1.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	55	15	40	0.6	0.3	0.9
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	165	40	125	1.9	0.9	2.9
Viet Nam	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bangladesh	10	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
India	315	210	110	3.6	4.9	2.5
Pakistan	60	35	25	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sri Lanka	65	30	35	0.8	0.7	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	140	55	85	1.6	1.3	2.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	100	50	50	1.2	1.2	1.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	595	295	300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	145	80	70	24.4	27.1	23.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	15	0	3.4	5.1	0.0
Mexico	25	10	20	4.2	3.4	6.7
United States of America	75	40	40	12.6	13.6	13.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	15	10	3.4	5.1	3.3
Europe	105	40	70	17.6	13.6	23.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	1.7	0.0	3.3
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	30	25	8.4	10.2	8.3
Other places of birth in Europe	30	0	30	5.0	0.0	10.0
Africa	45	20	25	7.6	6.8	8.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	15	10	10	2.5	3.4	3.3
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	10	2.5	3.4	3.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0	3.4	5.1	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	290	155	140	48.7	52.5	46.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	0	25	5.0	0.0	8.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	85	70	15	14.3	23.7	5.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	1.7	0.0	3.3
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	20	4.2	0.0	6.7
Saudi Arabia	15	15	0	2.5	5.1	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	100	55	45	16.8	18.6	15.0
Turkey	10	10	0	1.7	3.4	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,270	55,295	55,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,650	4,840	4,810	8.7	8.8	8.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,640	6,675	6,970	12.3	12.1	12.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	87,975	43,780	44,195	79.1	79.2	79.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,985	2,005	1,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,850	975	875	46.4	48.6	44.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	815	560	255	20.5	27.9	12.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,030	415	620	25.8	20.7	31.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,620	755	870	40.7	37.7	43.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	475	260	210	11.9	13.0	10.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	20	20	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,985	2,005	1,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	110	70	45	2.8	3.5	2.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	605	335	265	15.2	16.7	13.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	80	45	35	2.0	2.2	1.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	215	115	95	5.4	5.7	4.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	15	25	1.0	0.7	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,930	1,420	1,510	73.5	70.8	76.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,270	55,295	55,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,290	2,120	2,170	3.9	3.8	3.9
South Asian	990	585	410	0.9	1.1	0.7
Chinese	340	135	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Black	1,285	625	660	1.2	1.1	1.2
Filipino	270	75	190	0.2	0.1	0.3
Arab	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	355	185	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	145	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	220	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	180	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	106,975	53,175	53,805	96.1	96.2	96.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,270	55,300	55,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	19,285	9,660	9,625	17.3	17.5	17.2
English	35,470	17,240	18,230	31.9	31.2	32.6
Irish	28,890	14,020	14,875	26.0	25.4	26.6
Scottish	32,830	15,785	17,040	29.5	28.5	30.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,580	3,655	3,920	6.8	6.6	7.0
German	20,235	10,025	10,210	18.2	18.1	18.2
Chinese	470	220	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Italian	2,795	1,385	1,410	2.5	2.5	2.5
Indian (India)	740	440	300	0.7	0.8	0.5
Ukrainian	2,365	1,140	1,225	2.1	2.1	2.2
Dutch	6,540	3,250	3,290	5.9	5.9	5.9
Polish	2,375	1,105	1,270	2.1	2.0	2.3
Québécois	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,300	2,685	2,610	4.8	4.9	4.7
Filipino	235	65	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
French Canadian	1,160	505	650	1.0	0.9	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,275	1,165	1,110	2.0	2.1	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,645	810	835	1.5	1.5	1.5
Métis	1,580	690	885	1.4	1.2	1.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,970	985	980	1.8	1.8	1.8
Russian	705	335	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Norwegian	610	275	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Welsh	2,175	970	1,200	2.0	1.8	2.1
Portuguese	600	350	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
American	1,365	700	670	1.2	1.3	1.2
Spanish	530	275	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	640	265	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hungarian	1,005	440	560	0.9	0.8	1.0
Acadian	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	260	100	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jewish	325	175	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	315	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	510	245	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	150	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	240	85	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	600	320	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Danish	645	330	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	615	315	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
Sikh	80	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	530	265	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belgian	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	1,475	695	775	1.3	1.3	1.4
Swiss	1,670	805	860	1.5	1.5	1.5
Finnish	340	185	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lankan	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	310	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	75	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	310	140	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	170	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	1,040	520	520	0.9	0.9	0.9
Newfoundlander	325	185	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	1,195	540	655	1.1	1.0	1.2
Persian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	185	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	285	135	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
South African	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Australian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	140	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	520	255	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,270	55,295	55,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	62,225	29,145	33,080	55.9	52.7	59.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,150	4,560	4,585	8.2	8.2	8.2
Anabaptist	3,210	1,545	1,665	2.9	2.8	3.0
Anglican	5,265	2,355	2,910	4.7	4.3	5.2
Baptist	2,530	1,150	1,380	2.3	2.1	2.5
Catholic	14,125	6,655	7,465	12.7	12.0	13.3
Christian Orthodox	345	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	555	235	320	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	3,675	1,735	1,940	3.3	3.1	3.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	675	295	380	0.6	0.5	0.7
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,105	505	605	1.0	0.9	1.1
Presbyterian	4,480	2,105	2,365	4.0	3.8	4.2
Reformed	700	355	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
United Church	12,445	5,575	6,870	11.2	10.1	12.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,740	1,795	1,940	3.4	3.2	3.5
Hindu	370	205	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	275	165	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Muslim	560	290	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	165	105	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	245	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	625	235	390	0.6	0.4	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	46,670	24,970	21,700	41.9	45.2	38.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,150	54,720	55,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,910	49,210	49,700	89.8	89.9	89.7
Movers	11,235	5,510	5,730	10.2	10.1	10.3
Non-migrants	4,350	2,210	2,140	3.9	4.0	3.9
Migrants	6,885	3,300	3,585	6.3	6.0	6.5
Internal migrants	6,675	3,210	3,465	6.1	5.9	6.3
Intraprovincial migrants	6,455	3,110	3,345	5.9	5.7	6.0
Interprovincial migrants	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,615	52,395	53,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,665	33,325	33,345	63.1	63.6	62.7
Movers	38,950	19,070	19,875	36.9	36.4	37.3
Non-migrants	9,720	4,665	5,055	9.2	8.9	9.5
Migrants	29,230	14,405	14,820	27.7	27.5	27.8
Internal migrants	28,425	13,985	14,445	26.9	26.7	27.1
Intraprovincial migrants	27,460	13,495	13,965	26.0	25.8	26.2
Interprovincial migrants	960	490	470	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	800	420	380	0.8	0.8	0.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,745	46,300	47,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,495	11,880	9,615	22.9	25.7	20.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	72,250	34,420	37,830	77.1	74.3	79.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,580	27,080	27,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,560	5,145	3,415	15.7	19.0	12.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,020	21,940	24,080	84.3	81.0	87.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	93,745	46,305	47,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,970	10,175	8,795	20.2	22.0	18.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,010	14,560	14,450	30.9	31.4	30.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,765	21,575	24,195	48.8	46.6	51.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,850	15,635	16,210	34.0	33.8	34.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,570	5,930	1,645	8.1	12.8	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,055	2,060	1,000	3.3	4.4	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,515	3,865	645	4.8	8.3	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	22,910	9,090	13,815	24.4	19.6	29.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,370	615	750	1.5	1.3	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,915	5,935	7,985	14.8	12.8	16.8
Bachelor's degree	9,820	4,065	5,755	10.5	8.8	12.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	945	385	560	1.0	0.8	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	475	275	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	2,325	1,020	1,305	2.5	2.2	2.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	355	195	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,575	27,080	27,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,460	4,400	3,060	13.7	16.2	11.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,785	8,915	7,865	30.8	32.9	28.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,340	13,765	16,575	55.6	50.8	60.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,385	10,390	10,995	39.2	38.4	40.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,540	3,650	885	8.3	13.5	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,760	1,270	490	3.2	4.7	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,775	2,380	395	5.1	8.8	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,055	6,365	9,685	29.4	23.5	35.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	800	375	425	1.5	1.4	1.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,955	3,375	5,575	16.4	12.5	20.3
Bachelor's degree	6,405	2,370	4,040	11.7	8.8	14.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	610	220	385	1.1	0.8	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	145	165	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	1,450	550	895	2.7	2.0	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	93,745	46,305	47,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	47,980	24,730	23,250	51.2	53.4	49.0
Education	2,780	620	2,155	3.0	1.3	4.5
13. Education	2,780	620	2,155	3.0	1.3	4.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,665	760	905	1.8	1.6	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	145	20	0.2	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,505	615	890	1.6	1.3	1.9
Humanities	2,390	1,030	1,360	2.5	2.2	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	620	220	395	0.7	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	490	180	310	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	460	270	195	0.5	0.6	0.4
54. History	370	215	155	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	105	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,760	1,375	3,385	5.1	3.0	7.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	380	180	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,340	70	1,270	1.4	0.2	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	715	195	520	0.8	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	45	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	720	145	570	0.8	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,395	725	670	1.5	1.6	1.4
Business, management and public administration	7,180	2,450	4,735	7.7	5.3	10.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	850	155	700	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,320	2,300	4,025	6.7	5.0	8.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,190	565	625	1.3	1.2	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	530	210	325	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	295	210	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,070	645	425	1.1	1.4	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	725	480	250	0.8	1.0	0.5
25. Library science	100	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	135	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,295	9,755	535	11.0	21.1	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	255	160	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	845	755	85	0.9	1.6	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,170	1,985	185	2.3	4.3	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,935	2,870	65	3.1	6.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,620	2,585	35	2.8	5.6	0.1
48. Precision production	1,470	1,405	65	1.6	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,025	1,230	800	2.2	2.7	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,515	885	630	1.6	1.9	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	510	345	165	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	8,635	1,180	7,450	9.2	2.5	15.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	760	315	445	0.8	0.7	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,725	800	6,925	8.2	1.7	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,735	1,945	1,790	4.0	4.2	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,900	480	1,425	2.0	1.0	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,130	785	345	1.2	1.7	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	695	675	25	0.7	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,580	27,085	27,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,240	13,315	10,925	44.4	49.2	39.7
Education	1,440	310	1,140	2.6	1.1	4.1
13. Education	1,440	310	1,140	2.6	1.1	4.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,055	420	630	1.9	1.6	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	60	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	980	355	625	1.8	1.3	2.3
Humanities	1,285	565	715	2.4	2.1	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	300	100	200	0.5	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	255	105	150	0.5	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	75	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	290	160	135	0.5	0.6	0.5
54. History	200	95	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,270	795	2,475	6.0	2.9	9.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	125	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,045	45	1,005	1.9	0.2	3.7
22. Legal professions and studies	490	90	400	0.9	0.3	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	420	60	360	0.8	0.2	1.3
45. Social sciences	885	425	460	1.6	1.6	1.7
Business, management and public administration	5,015	1,515	3,500	9.2	5.6	12.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	660	90	570	1.2	0.3	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,355	1,425	2,930	8.0	5.3	10.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	740	285	455	1.4	1.1	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	375	125	245	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	165	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	145	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	775	480	295	1.4	1.8	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	580	400	180	1.1	1.5	0.7
25. Library science	55	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,645	6,260	380	12.2	23.1	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	175	110	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	525	450	75	1.0	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,425	1,285	140	2.6	4.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,030	1,980	50	3.7	7.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,660	1,640	20	3.0	6.1	0.1
48. Precision production	820	785	35	1.5	2.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,505	845	660	2.8	3.1	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,115	610	510	2.0	2.3	1.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	385	235	150	0.7	0.9	0.5
Health and related fields	5,870	820	5,040	10.8	3.0	18.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	590	240	350	1.1	0.9	1.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,160	535	4,630	9.5	2.0	16.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,720	1,460	1,255	5.0	5.4	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,315	350	965	2.4	1.3	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	885	615	275	1.6	2.3	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	510	495	20	0.9	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,580	27,085	27,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,240	13,315	10,925	44.4	49.2	39.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	30,335	13,760	16,575	55.6	50.8	60.3
Location of study inside Canada	28,435	12,830	15,605	52.1	47.4	56.8
Same as province or territory of residence	27,105	12,265	14,840	49.7	45.3	54.0
Different than province or territory of residence	1,325	560	765	2.4	2.1	2.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,905	940	970	3.5	3.5	3.5
Americas	675	360	310	1.2	1.3	1.1
United States of America	580	310	270	1.1	1.1	1.0
Mexico	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	660	330	330	1.2	1.2	1.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	295	165	130	0.5	0.6	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	425	185	235	0.8	0.7	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	190	105	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	93,745	46,305	47,445	...	...	...
In the labour force	53,535	28,320	25,210	...	...	...
Employed	48,650	26,110	22,540	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,885	2,215	2,670	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	40,210	17,980	22,230	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.1	61.2	53.1	57.1	61.2	53.1
Employment rate	51.9	56.4	47.5	51.9	56.4	47.5
Unemployment rate	9.1	7.8	10.6	9.1	7.8	10.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	93,745	46,305	47,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,840	17,300	21,540	41.4	37.4	45.4
Worked	54,905	29,010	25,900	58.6	62.6	54.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,625	16,675	11,955	30.5	36.0	25.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,280	12,330	13,945	28.0	26.6	29.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.4	40.8	41.7	42.4	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,530	28,325	25,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	890	440	445	1.7	1.6	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,645	27,885	24,760	98.3	98.4	98.2
Employee	41,720	21,350	20,370	77.9	75.4	80.8
Permanent position	35,785	18,270	17,515	66.9	64.5	69.5
Temporary position	5,935	3,080	2,855	11.1	10.9	11.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,550	755	795	2.9	2.7	3.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,385	2,325	2,055	8.2	8.2	8.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,925	6,530	4,395	20.4	23.1	17.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,530	28,325	25,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	890	440	445	1.7	1.6	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,645	27,885	24,760	98.3	98.4	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	475	315	165	0.9	1.1	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,830	1,745	5,085	12.8	6.2	20.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,210	1,690	515	4.1	6.0	2.0
3 Health occupations	4,630	740	3,885	8.6	2.6	15.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,900	1,400	3,500	9.2	4.9	13.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,210	435	775	2.3	1.5	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	12,660	4,720	7,940	23.7	16.7	31.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,360	11,475	885	23.1	40.5	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,745	2,740	1,010	7.0	9.7	4.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,630	2,620	1,015	6.8	9.2	4.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,530	28,325	25,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	890	440	445	1.7	1.6	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	52,645	27,885	24,760	98.3	98.4	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,300	2,215	1,085	6.2	7.8	4.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	380	360	20	0.7	1.3	0.1
22 Utilities	1,355	1,135	215	2.5	4.0	0.9
23 Construction	6,310	5,635	675	11.8	19.9	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	5,335	3,735	1,595	10.0	13.2	6.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,235	880	355	2.3	3.1	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	7,000	3,105	3,900	13.1	11.0	15.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,005	1,425	580	3.7	5.0	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	655	380	270	1.2	1.3	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,185	430	755	2.2	1.5	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	810	375	440	1.5	1.3	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,600	1,210	1,390	4.9	4.3	5.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,205	1,295	910	4.1	4.6	3.6
61 Educational services	2,565	730	1,835	4.8	2.6	7.3
62 Health care and social assistance	7,590	1,145	6,440	14.2	4.0	25.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,000	500	500	1.9	1.8	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,700	990	1,705	5.0	3.5	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,475	1,285	1,185	4.6	4.5	4.7
91 Public administration	1,895	1,020	870	3.5	3.6	3.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	58,615	30,845	27,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	57,005	30,045	26,965	97.3	97.4	97.1
French	110	25	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	615	365	245	1.0	1.2	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	615	365	245	1.0	1.2	0.9
English and French	410	150	260	0.7	0.5	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	470	255	205	0.8	0.8	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	58,615	30,845	27,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	58,460	30,770	27,685	99.7	99.8	99.7
Official languages	57,730	30,345	27,385	98.5	98.4	98.6
English	57,555	30,310	27,245	98.2	98.3	98.1
French	175	35	140	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official languages	725	430	305	1.2	1.4	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	725	425	300	1.2	1.4	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	675	390	285	1.2	1.3	1.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	625	355	275	1.1	1.2	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	595	345	250	1.0	1.1	0.9
German	255	135	125	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	325	205	125	0.6	0.7	0.5
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	160	75	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	58,615	30,845	27,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	57,880	30,510	27,375	98.7	98.9	98.6
English	175	70	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	285	115	175	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	245	130	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	220	120	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	48,645	26,110	22,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,565	4,515	5,055	19.7	17.3	22.4
Worked outside Canada	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
No fixed workplace address	6,935	5,540	1,390	14.3	21.2	6.2
Usual place of work	32,070	16,005	16,070	65.9	61.3	71.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,070	16,005	16,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,545	5,685	6,865	39.1	35.5	42.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,205	4,875	5,330	31.8	30.5	33.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,240	5,390	3,850	28.8	33.7	24.0
Commute to a different province or territory	80	55	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,000	21,545	17,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,770	19,995	15,775	91.7	92.8	90.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,910	18,515	14,400	84.4	85.9	82.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,855	1,480	1,375	7.3	6.9	7.9
Public transit	185	95	90	0.5	0.4	0.5
Walked	2,120	1,005	1,110	5.4	4.7	6.4
Bicycle	225	135	85	0.6	0.6	0.5
Other method	705	315	395	1.8	1.5	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,000	21,545	17,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,935	7,220	7,715	38.3	33.5	44.2
15 to 29 minutes	11,440	5,850	5,590	29.3	27.2	32.0
30 to 44 minutes	6,325	3,765	2,560	16.2	17.5	14.7
45 to 59 minutes	2,610	1,760	850	6.7	8.2	4.9
60 minutes and over	3,695	2,960	735	9.5	13.7	4.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,000	21,545	17,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,460	2,405	1,050	8.9	11.2	6.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,700	5,260	2,440	19.7	24.4	14.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,610	6,235	4,375	27.2	28.9	25.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,025	3,115	4,910	20.6	14.5	28.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,835	1,495	2,345	9.8	6.9	13.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,370	3,045	2,330	13.8	14.1	13.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,285	10,930	10,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,205	625	585	5.7	5.7	5.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,080	10,305	9,770	94.3	94.3	94.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,260	7,810	7,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	920	475	445	6.0	6.1	6.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	535	270	260	3.5	3.5	3.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	385	205	185	2.5	2.6	2.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,340	7,335	7,000	94.0	93.9	94.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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