Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Chatham-Kent--LeamingtonMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	113,654	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	109,619	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	49,547	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	46,226	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	55.7	...	...	55.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,039.68	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,655	56,155	57,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,390	9,495	8,895	16.2	16.9	15.5
0 to 4 years	5,645	2,935	2,710	5.0	5.2	4.7
5 to 9 years	6,230	3,200	3,030	5.5	5.7	5.3
10 to 14 years	6,515	3,365	3,150	5.7	6.0	5.5
15 to 64 years	69,425	34,825	34,605	61.1	62.0	60.2
15 to 19 years	6,550	3,405	3,140	5.8	6.1	5.5
20 to 24 years	6,330	3,230	3,105	5.6	5.8	5.4
25 to 29 years	6,415	3,335	3,080	5.6	5.9	5.4
30 to 34 years	6,415	3,285	3,125	5.6	5.8	5.4
35 to 39 years	6,605	3,300	3,305	5.8	5.9	5.7
40 to 44 years	6,305	3,210	3,095	5.5	5.7	5.4
45 to 49 years	6,355	3,130	3,230	5.6	5.6	5.6
50 to 54 years	6,945	3,390	3,555	6.1	6.0	6.2
55 to 59 years	8,645	4,220	4,420	7.6	7.5	7.7
60 to 64 years	8,865	4,315	4,550	7.8	7.7	7.9
65 years and over	25,840	11,840	14,000	22.7	21.1	24.3
65 to 69 years	7,840	3,820	4,025	6.9	6.8	7.0
70 to 74 years	6,840	3,265	3,575	6.0	5.8	6.2
75 to 79 years	4,675	2,190	2,490	4.1	3.9	4.3
80 to 84 years	3,150	1,385	1,760	2.8	2.5	3.1
85 years and over	3,330	1,180	2,155	2.9	2.1	3.7
85 to 89 years	1,940	750	1,190	1.7	1.3	2.1
90 to 94 years	1,045	365	685	0.9	0.6	1.2
95 to 99 years	295	65	235	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	50	5	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.2	16.9	15.5	16.2	16.9	15.5
15 to 64 years	61.1	62.0	60.2	61.1	62.0	60.2
65 years and over	22.7	21.1	24.3	22.7	21.1	24.3
85 years and over	2.9	2.1	3.7	2.9	2.1	3.7
Average age of the population	43.7	42.5	44.8	43.7	42.5	44.8
Median age of the population	44.8	43.2	46.4	44.8	43.2	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	33,495	...	...	72.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,075	...	...	4.5	...	...
Row house	2,060	...	...	4.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	880	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,435	...	...	11.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,145	...	...	4.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,540	...	...	29.3	...	...
2 persons	17,180	...	...	37.2	...	...
3 persons	6,350	...	...	13.7	...	...
4 persons	5,215	...	...	11.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,935	...	...	8.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	110,430	54,645	55,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	95,265	46,660	48,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	54,935	27,720	27,220	57.7	59.4	56.0
Married	46,190	23,345	22,845	48.5	50.0	47.0
Living common-law	8,745	4,370	4,375	9.2	9.4	9.0
Living common law - Never married	5,555	2,820	2,735	5.8	6.0	5.6
Living common law - Separated	660	335	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,195	1,090	1,105	2.3	2.3	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	335	125	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	40,325	18,945	21,385	42.3	40.6	44.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,470	13,455	11,010	25.7	28.8	22.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,995	1,335	1,660	3.1	2.9	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,050	2,635	3,420	6.4	5.6	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,815	1,520	5,295	7.2	3.3	10.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,745	...	...	55.4	...	...
3 persons	6,195	...	...	19.4	...	...
4 persons	4,890	...	...	15.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,180	...	...	9.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,605	...	...	83.1	...	...
Married couples	22,235	...	...	69.5	...	...
With children⁶	10,190	...	...	31.8	...	...
Without children	12,045	...	...	37.6	...	...
Common-law couples	4,370	...	...	13.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,900	...	...	5.9	...	...
Without children	2,475	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,405	...	...	16.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,190	...	...	13.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,215	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	110,430	54,645	55,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	91,505	45,525	45,980	82.9	83.3	82.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,215	26,585	26,625	48.2	48.7	47.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,405	1,215	4,185	4.9	2.2	7.5
Children⁶	32,890	17,720	15,170	29.8	32.4	27.2
In a two-parent family	24,320	13,015	11,305	22.0	23.8	20.3
In a one-parent family	8,570	4,705	3,860	7.8	8.6	6.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,925	9,115	9,805	17.1	16.7	17.6
Living alone	13,540	6,120	7,420	12.3	11.2	13.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,060	920	1,135	1.9	1.7	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	3,325	2,075	1,250	3.0	3.8	2.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,100	...	...	63.0	...	...
Couple-family households	24,770	...	...	53.6	...	...
With children⁶	11,225	...	...	24.3	...	...
Without children	13,550	...	...	29.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,330	...	...	9.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	935	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,065	...	...	2.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,400	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	13,545	...	...	29.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	92,070	45,170	46,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,330	43,790	45,545	97.0	96.9	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,600	34,000	38,400	43,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,400	43,825	45,575	97.1	97.0	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	39,200	31,600	35,200	39,200	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,940	39,360	38,580	84.7	87.1	82.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	38,000	25,000	31,400	38,000	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,680	33,415	29,265	68.1	74.0	62.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	36,800	26,400	31,600	36,800	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,830	39,835	42,000	88.9	88.2	89.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	8,900	12,500	10,800	8,900	12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,355	4,580	4,775	10.2	10.1	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,890	11,195	11,695	24.9	24.8	24.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,500	8,000	7,500	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	92,110	45,195	46,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,360	43,760	45,600	97.0	96.8	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,480	54,300	40,880	47,480	54,300	40,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,425	43,800	45,625	97.1	96.9	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,640	45,480	36,000	40,640	45,480	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,995	39,445	38,550	84.7	87.3	82.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,040	49,680	34,200	42,040	49,680	34,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,770	33,520	29,245	68.1	74.2	62.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,160	45,280	34,280	40,160	45,280	34,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,815	39,810	42,000	88.8	88.1	89.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,770	10,480	12,980	11,770	10,480	12,980
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,225	4,655	4,565	10.0	10.3	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,450	6,165	6,750	6,450	6,165	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,590	11,150	11,435	24.5	24.7	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,250	7,870	8,620	8,250	7,870	8,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	92,110	45,195	46,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,900	15,640	11,260	29.2	34.6	24.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	58,000	50,400	54,400	58,000	50,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,200	67,900	56,700	63,200	67,900	56,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,465	11,650	12,810	26.6	25.8	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	21,800	16,800	18,800	21,800	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,160	30,440	22,220	26,160	30,440	22,220
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	82.4	70.8	77.4	82.4	70.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.4	63.9	53.8	59.4	63.9	53.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.7	17.6	29.3	22.7	17.6	29.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.2	6.5	5.3	4.2	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.7	5.3	4.4	3.7	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	92,065	45,165	46,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,735	1,380	1,355	3.0	3.1	2.9
With total income	89,335	43,785	45,545	97.0	96.9	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,100	3,025	4,075	7.9	6.9	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	11,840	4,670	7,170	13.3	10.7	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	14,490	6,000	8,495	16.2	13.7	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	13,160	6,000	7,160	14.7	13.7	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	11,690	5,870	5,815	13.1	13.4	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,780	4,585	4,195	9.8	10.5	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,400	3,600	2,795	7.2	8.2	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,480	2,690	1,790	5.0	6.1	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,005	1,890	1,115	3.4	4.3	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,285	1,380	910	2.6	3.2	2.0
$100,000 and over	6,100	4,065	2,040	6.8	9.3	4.5
$100,000 to $149,999	4,405	2,815	1,590	4.9	6.4	3.5
$150,000 and over	1,700	1,250	450	1.9	2.9	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	92,065	45,165	46,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,670	1,340	1,330	2.9	3.0	2.8
With after-tax income	89,395	43,820	45,575	97.1	97.0	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,445	3,145	4,300	8.3	7.2	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,295	4,860	7,435	13.8	11.1	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	16,660	7,005	9,650	18.6	16.0	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	15,580	7,520	8,055	17.4	17.2	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	12,780	6,565	6,215	14.3	15.0	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,910	4,985	3,925	10.0	11.4	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,615	3,330	2,290	6.3	7.6	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,430	2,065	1,370	3.8	4.7	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,545	1,465	1,080	2.8	3.3	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,330	880	455	1.5	2.0	1.0
$100,000 and over	2,810	2,000	805	3.1	4.6	1.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,490	1,020	475	1.7	2.3	1.0
$125,000 and over	1,320	985	335	1.5	2.2	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	92,065	45,165	46,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,385	11,750	17,635	31.9	26.0	37.6
With employment income	62,685	33,420	29,265	68.1	74.0	62.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,800	5,710	5,095	17.2	17.1	17.4
$5,000 to $9,999	5,065	2,200	2,860	8.1	6.6	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,795	3,445	4,345	12.4	10.3	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	6,565	3,035	3,535	10.5	9.1	12.1
$30,000 to $39,999	6,980	3,510	3,470	11.1	10.5	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,235	3,335	2,905	9.9	10.0	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,865	2,820	2,045	7.8	8.4	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,680	2,275	1,400	5.9	6.8	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,760	1,800	965	4.4	5.4	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,920	1,305	620	3.1	3.9	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,805	1,025	780	2.9	3.1	2.7
$100,000 and over	4,210	2,960	1,250	6.7	8.9	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,280	1,495	785	3.6	4.5	2.7
$125,000 and over	1,935	1,465	465	3.1	4.4	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	92,070	45,170	46,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,305	43,250	45,055	95.9	95.7	96.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,000	31,200	36,400	42,000	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,335	43,260	45,080	95.9	95.8	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,600	29,200	33,200	37,600	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,575	39,125	38,450	84.3	86.6	82.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	39,200	26,600	32,800	39,200	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,310	33,575	29,735	68.8	74.3	63.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,600	28,000	32,800	37,600	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,320	38,040	40,280	85.1	84.2	85.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,700	2,940	8,800	6,700	2,940	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,870	3,860	4,005	8.5	8.5	8.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,920	4,800	5,040	4,920	4,800	5,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	92,110	45,195	46,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,300	43,270	45,030	95.9	95.7	96.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,360	52,550	38,440	45,360	52,550	38,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,340	43,280	45,060	95.9	95.8	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,600	43,720	33,680	38,600	43,720	33,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,325	39,070	38,255	83.9	86.4	81.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,680	50,640	34,600	42,680	50,640	34,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,205	33,670	29,545	68.6	74.5	63.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,040	46,840	34,440	41,040	46,840	34,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,355	37,925	40,430	85.1	83.9	86.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,990	7,820	10,100	8,990	7,820	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,040	3,905	4,140	8.7	8.6	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,420	5,805	6,990	6,420	5,805	6,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	92,110	45,195	46,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,525	15,450	11,075	28.8	34.2	23.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600	55,600	46,800	51,600	55,600	46,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,900	67,900	53,550	61,900	67,900	53,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,420	11,260	12,165	25.4	24.9	25.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000	27,000	20,600	23,000	27,000	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,520	35,080	26,320	30,520	35,080	26,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.4	87.0	76.4	82.4	87.0	76.4
Employment income (%)	64.8	69.4	58.8	64.8	69.4	58.8
Government transfers (%)	17.6	13.0	23.6	17.6	13.0	23.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.3	1.0	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,685	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,800	...	...	91,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,600	...	...	78,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,360	...	...	46,360	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,600	...	...	94,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	320	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	600	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,115	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,840	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,865	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,745	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,040	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,075	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,155	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,010	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,685	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,385	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,100	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,705	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,370	...	...	33.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,450	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,470	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,765	...	...	8.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,680	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	365	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	610	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,150	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,950	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,180	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,035	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,350	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,450	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,360	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,520	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,240	...	...	9.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,830	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,350	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,860	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,735	...	...	25.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,030	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,870	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,835	...	...	8.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,865	8,195	8,670	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	38,000	34,800	36,400	38,000	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,800	32,400	33,600	34,800	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,300	...	...	110,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,200	...	...	94,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,675	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,600	...	...	98,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,500	...	...	83,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,200	...	...	139,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,200	...	...	118,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,800	...	...	73,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,700	...	...	66,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,930	8,195	8,735	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,160	45,480	42,880	44,160	45,480	42,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,360	38,960	37,760	38,360	38,960	37,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	110,430	54,640	55,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,305	11,495	10,810	20.2	21.0	19.4
0 to 5 years	6,915	3,575	3,340	6.3	6.5	6.0
18 to 64 years	64,230	31,985	32,250	58.2	58.5	57.8
65 years and over	23,890	11,170	12,720	21.6	20.4	22.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,580	5,865	6,715	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,900	1,545	1,355	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,050	565	485	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,705	3,195	3,510	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,975	1,125	1,855	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.4	10.7	12.0	11.4	10.7	12.0
0 to 17 years (%)	13.0	13.5	12.5	13.0	13.5	12.5
0 to 5 years (%)	15.2	15.9	14.6	15.2	15.9	14.6
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4	10.0	10.9	10.4	10.0	10.9
65 years and over (%)	12.5	10.0	14.6	12.5	10.0	14.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	110,105	54,500	55,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,230	11,455	10,770	20.2	21.0	19.4
0 to 5 years	6,890	3,565	3,330	6.3	6.5	6.0
18 to 64 years	64,045	31,895	32,145	58.2	58.5	57.8
65 years and over	23,830	11,145	12,685	21.6	20.4	22.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,885	2,100	1,790	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	595	315	285	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	200	105	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,980	1,655	1,330	...	...	...
65 years and over	305	130	180	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5	3.9	3.2	3.5	3.9	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.0	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	5.2	4.1	4.7	5.2	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	110,430	54,640	55,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	63,505	30,815	32,685	57.5	56.4	58.6
In bottom decile	10,660	5,190	5,470	9.7	9.5	9.8
In second decile	13,540	6,245	7,295	12.3	11.4	13.1
In third decile	14,135	6,895	7,240	12.8	12.6	13.0
In fourth decile	13,255	6,530	6,725	12.0	12.0	12.1
In fifth decile	11,905	5,955	5,955	10.8	10.9	10.7
In top half of the distribution	46,930	23,830	23,100	42.5	43.6	41.4
In sixth decile	10,950	5,530	5,425	9.9	10.1	9.7
In seventh decile	10,435	5,310	5,125	9.4	9.7	9.2
In eighth decile	10,085	5,100	4,980	9.1	9.3	8.9
In ninth decile	8,835	4,460	4,375	8.0	8.2	7.8
In top decile	6,630	3,435	3,190	6.0	6.3	5.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	110,430	...	...	110,430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.312	...	...	0.312	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.449	...	...	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.275	...	...	0.275	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	112,345	55,695	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	101,960	50,930	51,025	90.8	91.4	90.1
French only	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	8,140	3,585	4,555	7.2	6.4	8.0
Neither English nor French	2,195	1,160	1,035	2.0	2.1	1.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	112,345	55,695	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	107,795	53,445	54,350	95.9	96.0	95.9
French	2,190	1,015	1,175	1.9	1.8	2.1
English and French	215	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	2,150	1,135	1,010	1.9	2.0	1.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	112,345	55,695	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,870	54,545	55,325	97.8	97.9	97.7
Official languages	93,005	46,160	46,845	82.8	82.9	82.7
English	90,555	45,005	45,550	80.6	80.8	80.4
French	2,450	1,150	1,295	2.2	2.1	2.3
Non-official languages	16,865	8,385	8,480	15.0	15.1	15.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,845	8,375	8,465	15.0	15.0	14.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,200	615	585	1.1	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,180	610	575	1.1	1.1	1.0
Amharic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,105	575	535	1.0	1.0	0.9
Aramaic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	380	175	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	890	465	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	775	420	350	0.7	0.8	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	190	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,030	6,475	6,550	11.6	11.6	11.6
Albanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	860	375	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	845	370	475	0.8	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	400	180	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	7,265	3,520	3,740	6.5	6.3	6.6
Frisian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	4,040	1,950	2,090	3.6	3.5	3.7
German	4,025	1,945	2,080	3.6	3.5	3.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,170	1,545	1,625	2.8	2.8	2.9
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	770	370	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	525	260	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low Saxon	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	1,765	875	895	1.6	1.6	1.6
Vlaams (Flemish)	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	810	425	380	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	745	395	345	0.7	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	230	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,940	2,055	1,880	3.5	3.7	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	790	395	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	1,230	610	620	1.1	1.1	1.1
Romanian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,805	1,010	795	1.6	1.8	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	530	260	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	305	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	220	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,475	1,155	1,325	2.2	2.1	2.3
English and French	660	300	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,615	760	855	1.4	1.4	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	112,345	55,695	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	95,640	47,425	48,215	85.1	85.2	85.1
French	350	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	5,335	2,740	2,595	4.7	4.9	4.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,335	2,740	2,595	4.7	4.9	4.6
English and French	1,535	690	850	1.4	1.2	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	8,985	4,460	4,530	8.0	8.0	8.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	270	110	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	112,345	55,695	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,415	54,755	55,660	98.3	98.3	98.3
Official languages	101,870	50,395	51,470	90.7	90.5	90.9
English	101,340	50,150	51,190	90.2	90.0	90.4
French	530	250	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official languages	8,545	4,355	4,190	7.6	7.8	7.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,540	4,355	4,190	7.6	7.8	7.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	685	355	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	675	345	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	645	335	310	0.6	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	625	370	250	0.6	0.7	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	555	340	210	0.5	0.6	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,105	3,050	3,055	5.4	5.5	5.4
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	255	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,915	1,420	1,495	2.6	2.5	2.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,650	785	860	1.5	1.4	1.5
German	1,645	785	855	1.5	1.4	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,265	630	640	1.1	1.1	1.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low Saxon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	865	435	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	685	335	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	640	310	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,190	1,155	1,035	1.9	2.1	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	235	95	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	575	260	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,340	785	560	1.2	1.4	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	360	190	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,930	940	985	1.7	1.7	1.7
English and French	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,650	815	835	1.5	1.5	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	112,345	55,695	56,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	103,010	51,150	51,855	91.7	91.8	91.5
English	2,860	1,425	1,440	2.5	2.6	2.5
French	1,220	530	690	1.1	1.0	1.2
Non-official language	4,460	2,175	2,280	4.0	3.9	4.0
Indigenous³⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,435	2,165	2,270	3.9	3.9	4.0
English and French	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	310	170	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	145	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	310	175	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	110,535	54,705	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,710	53,820	54,890	98.3	98.4	98.3
English	108,640	53,800	54,835	98.3	98.3	98.2
French	8,135	3,560	4,575	7.4	6.5	8.2
Non-official languages	20,185	9,925	10,260	18.3	18.1	18.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,125	9,900	10,225	18.2	18.1	18.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,665	810	850	1.5	1.5	1.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,655	810	845	1.5	1.5	1.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,605	785	815	1.5	1.4	1.5
Aramaic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	500	280	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	440	255	180	0.4	0.5	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	560	210	355	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	490	185	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	260	150	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	16,090	7,995	8,100	14.6	14.6	14.5
Albanian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,040	460	580	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,020	465	560	0.9	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	480	220	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	8,405	4,115	4,290	7.6	7.5	7.7
Frisian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
High German languages	4,995	2,410	2,590	4.5	4.4	4.6
German	4,980	2,405	2,575	4.5	4.4	4.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,780	1,900	1,875	3.4	3.5	3.4
Afrikaans	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	910	440	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	650	325	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low Saxon	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plautdietsch	2,060	1,040	1,020	1.9	1.9	1.8
Vlaams (Flemish)	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Scandinavian languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,095	585	510	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,005	540	455	0.9	1.0	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	485	275	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	360	195	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	270	155	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,005	3,145	2,865	5.4	5.7	5.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,005	455	550	0.9	0.8	1.0
Portuguese	1,650	805	840	1.5	1.5	1.5
Romanian	90	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,445	1,930	1,515	3.1	3.5	2.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	120	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	535	270	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	365	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	145	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	135	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,530	54,700	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,760	1,835	1,930	3.4	3.4	3.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,650	1,760	1,880	3.3	3.2	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,900	870	1,025	1.7	1.6	1.8
Métis	1,735	875	850	1.6	1.6	1.5
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	106,775	52,870	53,905	96.6	96.7	96.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	110,530	54,700	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,200	565	635	1.1	1.0	1.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	109,335	54,135	55,195	98.9	99.0	98.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,920	...	...	71.2	...	...
Renter	13,265	...	...	28.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,660	...	...	3.6	...	...
Not condominium	44,570	...	...	96.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	4,390	...	...	9.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,585	...	...	25.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,845	...	...	42.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,295	...	...	22.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,135	...	...	17.6	...	...
5 rooms	6,535	...	...	14.1	...	...
6 rooms	7,370	...	...	15.9	...	...
7 rooms	7,350	...	...	15.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,835	...	...	36.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,690	...	...	98.8	...	...
More than one person per room	535	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,180	...	...	95.6	...	...
Not suitable	2,050	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	16,265	...	...	35.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,365	...	...	33.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,360	...	...	9.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,855	...	...	10.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,830	...	...	4.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,195	...	...	2.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	850	...	...	1.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,510	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,280	...	...	93.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,950	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,315	...	...	52.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,600	...	...	44.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,310	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	990	...	...	2.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,290	...	...	11.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,695	...	...	14.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,460	...	...	16.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,195	...	...	22.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,840	...	...	19.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,845	...	...	10.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,910	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	44,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,525	...	...	83.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,450	...	...	16.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,870	...	...	15.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,405	...	...	24.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,630	...	...	14.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,635	...	...	3.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,140	...	...	4.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	590	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	34,825	...	...	75.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,395	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,295	...	...	7.4	...	...
Not in core need	41,100	...	...	92.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,860	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.8	...	...	53.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.2	...	...	10.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,107	...	...	1,107	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	364,000	...	...	364,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	405,600	...	...	405,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,215	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.8	...	...	13.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.0	...	...	32.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.2	...	...	17.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	973	...	...	973	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	45	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	356	...	...	356	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	370	...	...	370	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	110,535	54,700	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,490	710	775	1.3	1.3	1.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,470	705	770	1.3	1.3	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,105	490	610	1.0	0.9	1.1
Métis single ancestry	350	195	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,740	1,885	1,860	3.4	3.4	3.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,700	1,850	1,845	3.3	3.4	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,645	1,370	1,275	2.4	2.5	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,035	475	565	0.9	0.9	1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	105,305	52,105	53,200	95.3	95.3	95.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	110,535	54,705	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	105,755	52,170	53,585	95.7	95.4	96.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,785	11,295	10,490	19.7	20.6	18.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,970	40,875	43,095	76.0	74.7	77.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,785	2,530	2,250	4.3	4.6	4.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	110,535	54,705	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	93,700	46,435	47,260	84.8	84.9	84.6
Immigrants⁸¹	15,100	7,110	7,990	13.7	13.0	14.3
Before 1980	5,335	2,445	2,890	4.8	4.5	5.2
1980 to 1990	2,205	1,055	1,150	2.0	1.9	2.1
1991 to 2000	2,030	1,010	1,015	1.8	1.8	1.8
2001 to 2010	2,400	1,105	1,300	2.2	2.0	2.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,140	1,500	1,635	2.8	2.7	2.9
2011 to 2015	1,145	540	600	1.0	1.0	1.1
2016 to 2021	1,995	960	1,035	1.8	1.8	1.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,735	1,150	580	1.6	2.1	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	15,100	7,115	7,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,915	955	965	12.7	13.4	12.1
5 to 14 years	3,685	1,830	1,860	24.4	25.7	23.3
15 to 24 years	3,705	1,545	2,165	24.5	21.7	27.1
25 to 44 years	4,925	2,370	2,555	32.6	33.3	32.0
45 years and over	870	425	445	5.8	6.0	5.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	15,100	7,115	7,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	6,135	2,925	3,210	40.6	41.1	40.2
Brazil	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Colombia	90	40	50	0.6	0.6	0.6
El Salvador	260	120	145	1.7	1.7	1.8
Guyana	40	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	355	225	125	2.4	3.2	1.6
Mexico	3,295	1,575	1,720	21.8	22.1	21.5
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	100	65	40	0.7	0.9	0.5
United States of America	1,070	370	700	7.1	5.2	8.8
Other places of birth in Americas	860	495	370	5.7	7.0	4.6
Europe	5,215	2,430	2,785	34.5	34.2	34.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	20	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Croatia	90	35	55	0.6	0.5	0.7
France	50	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Germany	225	95	130	1.5	1.3	1.6
Greece	75	35	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hungary	80	35	45	0.5	0.5	0.6
Italy	560	265	300	3.7	3.7	3.8
Netherlands	850	475	380	5.6	6.7	4.8
Poland	315	135	185	2.1	1.9	2.3
Portugal	1,065	525	545	7.1	7.4	6.8
Romania	105	30	80	0.7	0.4	1.0
Russian Federation	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	90	45	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ukraine	75	25	50	0.5	0.4	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,165	510	650	7.7	7.2	8.1
Other places of birth in Europe	405	155	250	2.7	2.2	3.1
Africa	320	170	150	2.1	2.4	1.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	60	25	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	155	85	70	1.0	1.2	0.9
Asia	3,395	1,570	1,830	22.5	22.1	22.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	70	25	45	0.5	0.4	0.6
Iraq	95	45	55	0.6	0.6	0.7
Lebanon	520	250	270	3.4	3.5	3.4
Syria⁸⁹	410	175	235	2.7	2.5	2.9
Turkey	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	170	70	95	1.1	1.0	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	85	40	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	410	130	280	2.7	1.8	3.5
Viet Nam	290	140	155	1.9	2.0	1.9
Bangladesh	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
India	455	240	215	3.0	3.4	2.7
Pakistan	130	80	55	0.9	1.1	0.7
Sri Lanka	55	30	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	625	305	320	4.1	4.3	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	35	20	20	0.2	0.3	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,995	955	1,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	860	480	380	43.1	50.3	36.7
Brazil	15	10	10	0.8	1.0	1.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	160	95	65	8.0	9.9	6.3
Mexico	265	150	115	13.3	15.7	11.1
United States of America	120	45	70	6.0	4.7	6.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	295	175	125	14.8	18.3	12.1
Europe	120	50	65	6.0	5.2	6.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	30	35	3.0	3.1	3.4
Other places of birth in Europe	25	0	15	1.3	0.0	1.4
Africa	85	50	40	4.3	5.2	3.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.8	1.0	1.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	15	1.5	2.1	1.4
Asia	925	375	545	46.4	39.3	52.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	220	115	105	11.0	12.0	10.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	15	15	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	1.0	1.0	1.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	10	0	0.8	1.0	0.0
Philippines	100	30	75	5.0	3.1	7.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	405	170	230	20.3	17.8	22.2
Turkey	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	0	25	1.3	0.0	2.4
Other places of birth in Asia	55	15	45	2.8	1.6	4.3
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	110,535	54,700	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	18,150	8,885	9,265	16.4	16.2	16.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	20,825	10,400	10,425	18.8	19.0	18.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	71,560	35,420	36,145	64.7	64.8	64.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	9,770	4,670	5,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,680	1,340	1,345	27.4	28.7	26.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,005	670	335	10.3	14.3	6.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,670	670	1,005	17.1	14.3	19.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,685	2,155	2,530	48.0	46.1	49.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,025	1,005	1,025	20.7	21.5	20.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	375	180	200	3.8	3.9	3.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	9,770	4,670	5,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	700	330	370	7.2	7.1	7.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,190	675	515	12.2	14.5	10.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	335	120	215	3.4	2.6	4.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	335	160	170	3.4	3.4	3.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	185	60	120	1.9	1.3	2.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,030	3,325	3,710	72.0	71.2	72.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	110,535	54,700	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	11,660	6,145	5,515	10.5	11.2	9.9
South Asian	1,420	755	675	1.3	1.4	1.2
Chinese	390	200	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Black	3,075	1,710	1,365	2.8	3.1	2.4
Filipino	705	300	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
Arab	1,505	770	735	1.4	1.4	1.3
Latin American	2,520	1,375	1,145	2.3	2.5	2.1
Southeast Asian	1,065	510	560	1.0	0.9	1.0
West Asian	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	410	240	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	98,880	48,560	50,320	89.5	88.8	90.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	110,535	54,705	55,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	19,390	9,750	9,645	17.5	17.8	17.3
English	26,425	12,500	13,925	23.9	22.8	24.9
Irish	17,110	8,170	8,940	15.5	14.9	16.0
Scottish	16,760	8,015	8,745	15.2	14.7	15.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	16,395	8,045	8,350	14.8	14.7	15.0
German	12,780	6,260	6,520	11.6	11.4	11.7
Chinese	610	310	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
Italian	3,855	1,840	2,025	3.5	3.4	3.6
Indian (India)	985	505	480	0.9	0.9	0.9
Ukrainian	2,315	1,135	1,180	2.1	2.1	2.1
Dutch	9,070	4,695	4,380	8.2	8.6	7.8
Polish	2,190	1,015	1,180	2.0	1.9	2.1
Québécois	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,865	1,350	1,515	2.6	2.5	2.7
Filipino	730	310	420	0.7	0.6	0.8
French Canadian	2,025	1,025	995	1.8	1.9	1.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,370	1,155	1,215	2.1	2.1	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,875	945	935	1.7	1.7	1.7
Métis	1,445	710	735	1.3	1.3	1.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,915	995	915	1.7	1.8	1.6
Russian	1,670	870	800	1.5	1.6	1.4
Norwegian	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Welsh	1,695	730	965	1.5	1.3	1.7
Portuguese	2,535	1,275	1,265	2.3	2.3	2.3
American	1,290	585	705	1.2	1.1	1.3
Spanish	870	410	460	0.8	0.7	0.8
Swedish	355	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hungarian	1,580	720	860	1.4	1.3	1.5
Acadian	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	655	400	260	0.6	0.7	0.5
Jewish	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	460	250	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	535	295	240	0.5	0.5	0.4
Greek	435	215	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	705	480	225	0.6	0.9	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	235	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	565	235	335	0.5	0.4	0.6
Lebanese	1,650	855	800	1.5	1.6	1.4
Iranian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	905	460	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Danish	475	265	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	795	425	365	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sikh	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	325	125	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Belgian	3,455	1,720	1,735	3.1	3.1	3.1
Haitian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexican	3,520	1,850	1,675	3.2	3.4	3.0
Mennonite	4,040	2,095	1,945	3.7	3.8	3.5
Swiss	315	180	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finnish	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lankan	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	180	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Japanese	160	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	230	85	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	590	370	215	0.5	0.7	0.4
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,035	475	560	0.9	0.9	1.0
Syrian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	390	190	195	0.4	0.3	0.3
Serbian	270	140	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	240	95	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	755	380	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Persian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	490	245	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	365	165	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Israeli	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	355	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	300	175	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	310	185	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cherokee	55	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	110,535	54,700	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	450	225	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian	74,895	35,595	39,300	67.8	65.1	70.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	13,050	6,525	6,525	11.8	11.9	11.7
Anabaptist	3,330	1,590	1,745	3.0	2.9	3.1
Anglican	4,425	1,965	2,455	4.0	3.6	4.4
Baptist	2,900	1,330	1,565	2.6	2.4	2.8
Catholic	32,545	15,590	16,955	29.4	28.5	30.4
Christian Orthodox	560	315	245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	510	235	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	240	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	735	330	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,935	945	995	1.8	1.7	1.8
Presbyterian	1,950	940	1,010	1.8	1.7	1.8
Reformed	1,020	505	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
United Church	7,905	3,515	4,385	7.2	6.4	7.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,610	1,630	1,980	3.3	3.0	3.5
Hindu	435	245	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,490	770	720	1.3	1.4	1.3
Sikh	245	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	470	200	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	32,325	17,440	14,885	29.2	31.9	26.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	109,400	54,055	55,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,955	48,735	50,220	90.5	90.2	90.7
Movers	10,450	5,325	5,125	9.6	9.9	9.3
Non-migrants	6,140	3,085	3,060	5.6	5.7	5.5
Migrants	4,310	2,240	2,070	3.9	4.1	3.7
Internal migrants	3,670	1,830	1,840	3.4	3.4	3.3
Intraprovincial migrants	3,375	1,660	1,720	3.1	3.1	3.1
Interprovincial migrants	290	170	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
External migrants	640	405	235	0.6	0.7	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	104,795	51,825	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	68,815	33,775	35,045	65.7	65.2	66.2
Movers	35,980	18,050	17,930	34.3	34.8	33.8
Non-migrants	19,235	9,530	9,700	18.4	18.4	18.3
Migrants	16,755	8,520	8,235	16.0	16.4	15.5
Internal migrants	14,060	7,040	7,020	13.4	13.6	13.3
Intraprovincial migrants	12,690	6,290	6,400	12.1	12.1	12.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,370	750	620	1.3	1.4	1.2
External migrants	2,690	1,480	1,215	2.6	2.9	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,110	45,195	46,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	24,365	13,215	11,150	26.5	29.2	23.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	67,750	31,980	35,770	73.6	70.8	76.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,555	27,350	28,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,945	6,295	4,650	19.7	23.0	16.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,615	21,050	23,565	80.3	77.0	83.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,110	45,190	46,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,665	12,200	10,465	24.6	27.0	22.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,990	14,700	14,290	31.5	32.5	30.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,455	18,300	22,160	43.9	40.5	47.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,550	13,345	15,205	31.0	29.5	32.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,360	4,015	1,355	5.8	8.9	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,460	1,585	875	2.7	3.5	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,905	2,425	475	3.2	5.4	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,865	8,785	13,080	23.7	19.4	27.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,320	550	770	1.4	1.2	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,905	4,955	6,955	12.9	11.0	14.8
Bachelor's degree	8,790	3,430	5,355	9.5	7.6	11.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	870	410	465	0.9	0.9	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	250	165	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
Master's degree	1,815	830	985	2.0	1.8	2.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	185	115	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,555	27,345	28,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,195	5,880	4,315	18.4	21.5	15.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,675	8,950	7,720	30.0	32.7	27.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,690	12,515	16,175	51.6	45.8	57.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,145	9,140	11,000	36.3	33.4	39.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,235	2,380	850	5.8	8.7	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,360	845	515	2.4	3.1	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,875	1,535	340	3.4	5.6	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,095	6,410	9,685	29.0	23.4	34.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	815	350	465	1.5	1.3	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,545	3,375	5,170	15.4	12.3	18.3
Bachelor's degree	6,330	2,345	3,980	11.4	8.6	14.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	650	305	345	1.2	1.1	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	165	95	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	1,265	545	720	2.3	2.0	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	140	85	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	92,110	45,195	46,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	51,650	26,895	24,755	56.1	59.5	52.8
Education	2,315	570	1,745	2.5	1.3	3.7
13. Education	2,315	570	1,745	2.5	1.3	3.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	835	365	475	0.9	0.8	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	80	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	740	280	460	0.8	0.6	1.0
Humanities	1,550	585	965	1.7	1.3	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	325	65	260	0.4	0.1	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	400	150	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	290	175	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	260	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,275	1,405	3,875	5.7	3.1	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	200	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,040	205	1,830	2.2	0.5	3.9
22. Legal professions and studies	615	180	435	0.7	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	920	215	700	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,210	580	630	1.3	1.3	1.3
Business, management and public administration	7,245	2,460	4,785	7.9	5.4	10.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	720	125	595	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,495	2,325	4,170	7.1	5.1	8.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	915	430	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	420	170	250	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	220	145	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,135	735	400	1.2	1.6	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	880	625	260	1.0	1.4	0.6
25. Library science	80	0	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,235	7,750	485	8.9	17.1	1.0
04. Architecture and related services	155	110	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	895	740	155	1.0	1.6	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,915	1,705	210	2.1	3.8	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,700	1,680	20	1.8	3.7	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,155	2,135	20	2.3	4.7	0.0
48. Precision production	1,410	1,375	35	1.5	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,800	1,260	540	2.0	2.8	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,495	1,055	440	1.6	2.3	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	305	205	100	0.3	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	7,840	1,220	6,620	8.5	2.7	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	545	300	250	0.6	0.7	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,210	860	6,345	7.8	1.9	13.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	55	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,295	1,515	1,780	3.6	3.4	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,685	290	1,390	1.8	0.6	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,125	760	365	1.2	1.7	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	480	455	25	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,555	27,345	28,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,865	14,830	12,035	48.4	54.2	42.7
Education	1,325	335	985	2.4	1.2	3.5
13. Education	1,325	335	985	2.4	1.2	3.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	605	240	370	1.1	0.9	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	550	200	355	1.0	0.7	1.3
Humanities	1,020	365	655	1.8	1.3	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	210	40	170	0.4	0.1	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	295	105	185	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	110	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	160	65	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,000	975	3,025	7.2	3.6	10.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	285	150	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,565	160	1,410	2.8	0.6	5.0
22. Legal professions and studies	505	130	370	0.9	0.5	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	15	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	640	115	530	1.2	0.4	1.9
45. Social sciences	900	405	495	1.6	1.5	1.8
Business, management and public administration	5,310	1,685	3,625	9.6	6.2	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	575	95	485	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,720	1,590	3,130	8.5	5.8	11.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	585	250	335	1.1	0.9	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	295	120	175	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	60	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	100	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	850	540	310	1.5	2.0	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	700	500	205	1.3	1.8	0.7
25. Library science	60	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,640	5,240	400	10.2	19.2	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	110	70	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	640	515	125	1.2	1.9	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,380	1,210	170	2.5	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,130	1,115	20	2.0	4.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,355	1,335	20	2.4	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	1,025	990	35	1.8	3.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,270	865	410	2.3	3.2	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,060	715	345	1.9	2.6	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	215	145	60	0.4	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	5,635	880	4,755	10.1	3.2	16.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	385	215	165	0.7	0.8	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,190	630	4,565	9.3	2.3	16.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,435	1,140	1,295	4.4	4.2	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,180	195	985	2.1	0.7	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	890	605	290	1.6	2.2	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	360	340	20	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,555	27,345	28,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,865	14,830	12,035	48.4	54.2	42.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	28,690	12,515	16,170	51.6	45.8	57.3
Location of study inside Canada	26,330	11,375	14,950	47.4	41.6	53.0
Same as province or territory of residence	25,440	10,970	14,465	45.8	40.1	51.3
Different than province or territory of residence	890	400	485	1.6	1.5	1.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,360	1,140	1,225	4.2	4.2	4.3
Americas	975	530	445	1.8	1.9	1.6
United States of America	635	355	290	1.1	1.3	1.0
Mexico	120	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	75	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Brazil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	85	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Europe	410	190	220	0.7	0.7	0.8
Belgium	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Romania	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	110	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	810	345	465	1.5	1.3	1.6
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	235	75	165	0.4	0.3	0.6
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	205	105	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	45	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	92,110	45,190	46,915	...	...	...
In the labour force	53,215	28,530	24,680	...	...	...
Employed	47,495	25,685	21,805	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,720	2,845	2,875	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,895	16,665	22,230	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.8	63.1	52.6	57.8	63.1	52.6
Employment rate	51.6	56.8	46.5	51.6	56.8	46.5
Unemployment rate	10.7	10.0	11.6	10.7	10.0	11.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	92,110	45,195	46,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,655	16,715	21,940	42.0	37.0	46.8
Worked	53,455	28,475	24,975	58.0	63.0	53.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,620	16,110	11,510	30.0	35.6	24.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	25,830	12,370	13,465	28.0	27.4	28.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.2	40.7	41.5	42.2	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,215	28,535	24,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,015	515	500	1.9	1.8	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,200	28,015	24,180	98.1	98.2	98.0
Employee	45,100	23,485	21,620	84.8	82.3	87.6
Permanent position	39,160	20,315	18,850	73.6	71.2	76.4
Temporary position	5,940	3,165	2,770	11.2	11.1	11.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,615	835	780	3.0	2.9	3.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,325	2,330	1,995	8.1	8.2	8.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,095	4,530	2,560	13.3	15.9	10.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,215	28,535	24,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,015	515	500	1.9	1.8	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,200	28,015	24,180	98.1	98.2	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	325	230	95	0.6	0.8	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,775	1,880	4,890	12.7	6.6	19.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,540	2,005	545	4.8	7.0	2.2
3 Health occupations	4,095	580	3,515	7.7	2.0	14.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,805	1,370	3,430	9.0	4.8	13.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	715	315	395	1.3	1.1	1.6
6 Sales and service occupations	13,090	5,140	7,950	24.6	18.0	32.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,190	10,205	990	21.0	35.8	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,720	2,880	835	7.0	10.1	3.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,945	3,415	1,530	9.3	12.0	6.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,215	28,535	24,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,015	515	500	1.9	1.8	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	52,200	28,015	24,180	98.1	98.2	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,060	3,300	1,755	9.5	11.6	7.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	105	95	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	825	590	240	1.6	2.1	1.0
23 Construction	4,385	3,870	515	8.2	13.6	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	7,410	5,505	1,905	13.9	19.3	7.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,765	1,210	555	3.3	4.2	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	6,365	3,005	3,355	12.0	10.5	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,335	1,730	610	4.4	6.1	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	720	400	320	1.4	1.4	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,150	425	725	2.2	1.5	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	540	290	255	1.0	1.0	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,820	960	860	3.4	3.4	3.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,240	1,150	1,090	4.2	4.0	4.4
61 Educational services	2,920	845	2,075	5.5	3.0	8.4
62 Health care and social assistance	6,465	860	5,600	12.1	3.0	22.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	735	410	325	1.4	1.4	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	3,075	1,170	1,905	5.8	4.1	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,205	1,215	990	4.1	4.3	4.0
91 Public administration	2,045	985	1,055	3.8	3.5	4.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,665	30,710	26,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,950	29,280	25,675	95.3	95.3	95.3
French	230	70	160	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official language	605	460	145	1.0	1.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	605	460	145	1.0	1.5	0.5
English and French	630	200	435	1.1	0.7	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,185	690	495	2.1	2.2	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,665	30,710	26,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,295	30,525	26,770	99.4	99.4	99.3
Official languages	56,415	29,890	26,520	97.8	97.3	98.4
English	56,060	29,800	26,260	97.2	97.0	97.4
French	350	90	265	0.6	0.3	1.0
Non-official languages	880	630	245	1.5	2.1	0.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	880	630	245	1.5	2.1	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	805	590	215	1.4	1.9	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	250	150	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	105	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
German	105	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	150	85	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	535	435	105	0.9	1.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	505	410	90	0.9	1.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	370	190	180	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and French	85	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	265	155	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,665	30,710	26,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,125	29,980	26,145	97.3	97.6	97.0
English	365	175	190	0.6	0.6	0.7
French	425	160	265	0.7	0.5	1.0
Non-official language	630	330	295	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	620	330	285	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,495	25,690	21,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,135	3,405	3,735	15.0	13.3	17.1
Worked outside Canada	200	110	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
No fixed workplace address	5,740	4,360	1,380	12.1	17.0	6.3
Usual place of work	34,420	17,820	16,600	72.5	69.4	76.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,420	17,820	16,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,135	12,900	13,235	75.9	72.4	79.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,410	2,110	1,300	9.9	11.8	7.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,845	2,795	2,050	14.1	15.7	12.3
Commute to a different province or territory	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,160	22,180	17,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,040	20,420	16,620	92.2	92.1	92.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,660	18,730	14,925	83.8	84.4	83.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,380	1,690	1,695	8.4	7.6	9.4
Public transit	390	280	115	1.0	1.3	0.6
Walked	1,750	935	820	4.4	4.2	4.6
Bicycle	365	280	85	0.9	1.3	0.5
Other method	615	270	340	1.5	1.2	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,160	22,180	17,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	20,625	10,525	10,100	51.4	47.5	56.2
15 to 29 minutes	10,830	6,040	4,785	27.0	27.2	26.6
30 to 44 minutes	4,960	2,960	1,995	12.4	13.3	11.1
45 to 59 minutes	2,035	1,395	640	5.1	6.3	3.6
60 minutes and over	1,705	1,255	450	4.2	5.7	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,160	22,180	17,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,040	2,800	1,240	10.1	12.6	6.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,395	5,550	2,840	20.9	25.0	15.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,345	5,855	4,490	25.8	26.4	25.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,120	2,965	4,155	17.7	13.4	23.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,440	1,310	2,130	8.6	5.9	11.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,820	3,695	3,125	17.0	16.7	17.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,820	11,775	11,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,040	1,535	1,510	13.3	13.0	13.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,785	10,250	9,535	86.7	87.0	86.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,740	8,610	8,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,350	1,170	1,180	14.0	13.6	14.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,785	860	925	10.7	10.0	11.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	565	310	255	3.4	3.6	3.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,390	7,440	6,945	86.0	86.4	85.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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