Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Don Valley EastMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	95,039	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	94,579	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.5	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	40,122	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	38,300	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,171.8	...	...	4,171.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	22.78	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	95,040	44,690	50,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,640	7,465	7,180	15.4	16.7	14.3
0 to 4 years	4,555	2,275	2,280	4.8	5.1	4.5
5 to 9 years	4,870	2,465	2,405	5.1	5.5	4.8
10 to 14 years	5,220	2,730	2,495	5.5	6.1	5.0
15 to 64 years	62,235	29,890	32,345	65.5	66.9	64.2
15 to 19 years	5,170	2,665	2,505	5.4	6.0	5.0
20 to 24 years	5,830	3,030	2,800	6.1	6.8	5.6
25 to 29 years	6,665	3,370	3,300	7.0	7.5	6.6
30 to 34 years	6,845	3,350	3,495	7.2	7.5	6.9
35 to 39 years	6,330	2,970	3,355	6.7	6.6	6.7
40 to 44 years	6,295	2,900	3,395	6.6	6.5	6.7
45 to 49 years	6,050	2,760	3,285	6.4	6.2	6.5
50 to 54 years	6,435	2,935	3,495	6.8	6.6	6.9
55 to 59 years	6,725	3,140	3,580	7.1	7.0	7.1
60 to 64 years	5,900	2,770	3,135	6.2	6.2	6.2
65 years and over	18,155	7,335	10,825	19.1	16.4	21.5
65 to 69 years	4,805	2,075	2,725	5.1	4.6	5.4
70 to 74 years	4,305	1,830	2,475	4.5	4.1	4.9
75 to 79 years	3,315	1,350	1,960	3.5	3.0	3.9
80 to 84 years	2,625	985	1,640	2.8	2.2	3.3
85 years and over	3,110	1,085	2,020	3.3	2.4	4.0
85 to 89 years	1,790	705	1,085	1.9	1.6	2.2
90 to 94 years	1,035	315	720	1.1	0.7	1.4
95 to 99 years	245	60	185	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	40	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4	16.7	14.3	15.4	16.7	14.3
15 to 64 years	65.5	66.9	64.2	65.5	66.9	64.2
65 years and over	19.1	16.4	21.5	19.1	16.4	21.5
85 years and over	3.3	2.4	4.0	3.3	2.4	4.0
Average age of the population	42.2	40.4	43.9	42.2	40.4	43.9
Median age of the population	41.6	39.2	43.6	41.6	39.2	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	5,485	...	...	14.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,090	...	...	5.5	...	...
Row house	2,795	...	...	7.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	310	...	...	0.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,025	...	...	13.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	22,560	...	...	58.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,740	...	...	30.7	...	...
2 persons	11,295	...	...	29.5	...	...
3 persons	6,460	...	...	16.9	...	...
4 persons	5,305	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,500	...	...	9.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	94,320	44,520	49,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	80,395	37,225	43,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	40,440	20,195	20,245	50.3	54.3	46.9
Married	35,945	17,930	18,015	44.7	48.2	41.7
Living common-law	4,495	2,265	2,235	5.6	6.1	5.2
Living common law - Never married	3,220	1,610	1,605	4.0	4.3	3.7
Living common law - Separated	210	120	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	960	475	485	1.2	1.3	1.1
Living common law - Widowed	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	39,955	17,035	22,920	49.7	45.8	53.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,430	13,325	13,105	32.9	35.8	30.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,580	970	1,605	3.2	2.6	3.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,850	1,885	3,960	7.3	5.1	9.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,100	845	4,250	6.3	2.3	9.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	25,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,830	...	...	46.4	...	...
3 persons	6,225	...	...	24.4	...	...
4 persons	5,010	...	...	19.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,420	...	...	9.5	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	25,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,400	...	...	76.1	...	...
Married couples	17,160	...	...	67.3	...	...
With children⁶	10,575	...	...	41.5	...	...
Without children	6,580	...	...	25.8	...	...
Common-law couples	2,240	...	...	8.8	...	...
With children⁶	760	...	...	3.0	...	...
Without children	1,485	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,090	...	...	23.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,235	...	...	20.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	855	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	94,320	44,520	49,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	75,420	36,375	39,050	80.0	81.7	78.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	38,795	19,410	19,390	41.1	43.6	38.9
Parents in one-parent families	6,095	855	5,235	6.5	1.9	10.5
Children⁶	30,535	16,110	14,425	32.4	36.2	29.0
In a two-parent family	21,115	11,095	10,020	22.4	24.9	20.1
In a one-parent family	9,420	5,015	4,405	10.0	11.3	8.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,895	8,145	10,750	20.0	18.3	21.6
Living alone	11,740	4,645	7,090	12.4	10.4	14.2
Living with other relatives⁷	3,250	1,230	2,015	3.4	2.8	4.0
Living with non-relatives only	3,910	2,265	1,650	4.1	5.1	3.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,760	...	...	56.8	...	...
Couple-family households	16,875	...	...	44.1	...	...
With children⁶	9,990	...	...	26.1	...	...
Without children	6,880	...	...	18.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,885	...	...	12.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,300	...	...	3.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	250	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,295	...	...	3.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,960	...	...	5.1	...	...
One-person households	11,740	...	...	30.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,705	37,065	42,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,715	34,995	40,720	95.0	94.4	95.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	38,400	35,200	36,400	38,400	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,735	35,005	40,725	95.0	94.4	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	35,200	32,800	34,000	35,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,795	30,480	33,315	80.0	82.2	78.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	28,200	31,400	35,200	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,600	25,870	25,730	64.7	69.8	60.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,000	31,000	33,600	36,000	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,125	32,070	38,055	88.0	86.5	89.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	8,500	12,300	10,600	8,500	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,310	3,140	4,170	9.2	8.5	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,560	5,520	5,480	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,640	12,650	12,990	32.2	34.1	30.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,750	37,135	42,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,775	35,085	40,695	95.0	94.5	95.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,680	55,350	46,640	50,680	55,350	46,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,805	35,100	40,710	95.1	94.5	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,320	45,360	39,680	42,320	45,360	39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,830	30,530	33,295	80.0	82.2	78.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,360	52,650	42,480	47,360	52,650	42,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,595	25,915	25,680	64.7	69.8	60.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,520	51,550	43,440	47,520	51,550	43,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,085	32,105	37,980	87.9	86.5	89.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,650	10,390	12,710	11,650	10,390	12,710
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,075	3,065	4,005	8.9	8.3	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,410	6,180	6,590	6,410	6,180	6,590
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,570	12,715	12,850	32.1	34.2	30.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,150	10,310	10,000	10,150	10,310	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,755	37,135	42,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,300	12,195	11,105	29.2	32.8	26.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	67,000	61,600	64,000	67,000	61,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,700	83,700	73,100	78,700	83,700	73,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,305	9,805	10,505	25.5	26.4	24.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,400	16,000	14,800	15,400	16,000	14,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,520	25,920	23,240	24,520	25,920	23,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	82.8	74.6	78.8	82.8	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.8	68.8	58.8	63.8	68.8	58.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.3	17.2	25.4	21.3	17.2	25.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.5	7.3	7.8	7.5	7.3	7.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.8	6.7	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,700	37,065	42,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,990	2,070	1,920	5.0	5.6	4.5
With total income	75,710	34,995	40,715	95.0	94.4	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,280	3,195	4,085	9.6	9.1	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,915	4,425	5,490	13.1	12.6	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	13,760	6,115	7,650	18.2	17.5	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	9,980	4,395	5,585	13.2	12.6	13.7
$40,000 to $49,999	8,015	3,495	4,520	10.6	10.0	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,260	2,750	3,505	8.3	7.9	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,620	2,090	2,530	6.1	6.0	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,590	1,755	1,835	4.7	5.0	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,790	1,455	1,335	3.7	4.2	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,195	1,130	1,060	2.9	3.2	2.6
$100,000 and over	7,310	4,195	3,120	9.7	12.0	7.7
$100,000 to $149,999	4,740	2,595	2,145	6.3	7.4	5.3
$150,000 and over	2,575	1,600	980	3.4	4.6	2.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,700	37,065	42,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,970	2,060	1,915	5.0	5.6	4.5
With after-tax income	75,730	35,005	40,725	95.0	94.4	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,470	3,275	4,200	9.9	9.4	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	10,390	4,650	5,745	13.7	13.3	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	15,165	6,770	8,395	20.0	19.3	20.6
$30,000 to $39,999	11,490	5,110	6,380	15.2	14.6	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,080	3,955	5,120	12.0	11.3	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	6,430	2,905	3,530	8.5	8.3	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,645	2,290	2,360	6.1	6.5	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,265	1,675	1,595	4.3	4.8	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,480	1,255	1,225	3.3	3.6	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,485	805	680	2.0	2.3	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,820	2,320	1,500	5.0	6.6	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,840	1,050	785	2.4	3.0	1.9
$125,000 and over	1,980	1,265	720	2.6	3.6	1.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,700	37,065	42,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,100	11,190	16,905	35.3	30.2	39.7
With employment income	51,600	25,875	25,730	64.7	69.8	60.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,435	4,100	4,340	16.3	15.8	16.9
$5,000 to $9,999	5,170	2,410	2,760	10.0	9.3	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	6,165	2,970	3,195	11.9	11.5	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	4,440	2,075	2,360	8.6	8.0	9.2
$30,000 to $39,999	4,370	2,195	2,175	8.5	8.5	8.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,345	2,030	2,315	8.4	7.8	9.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,800	1,850	1,950	7.4	7.1	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,170	1,600	1,570	6.1	6.2	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,475	1,305	1,170	4.8	5.0	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,065	1,130	935	4.0	4.4	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,695	905	790	3.3	3.5	3.1
$100,000 and over	5,470	3,305	2,165	10.6	12.8	8.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,480	1,405	1,075	4.8	5.4	4.2
$125,000 and over	2,985	1,900	1,085	5.8	7.3	4.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,705	37,065	42,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,660	33,965	39,690	92.4	91.6	93.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	31,800	33,200	35,600	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,665	33,975	39,695	92.4	91.7	93.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	32,800	30,000	31,200	32,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,610	29,885	32,720	78.6	80.6	76.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,200	31,000	33,600	37,200	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,375	25,640	25,740	64.5	69.2	60.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	37,600	32,800	35,200	37,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,890	29,980	35,905	82.7	80.9	84.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,140	1,050	5,320	2,140	1,050	5,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,550	1,360	2,185	4.5	3.7	5.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,680	5,880	5,760	5,680	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,750	37,135	42,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,670	34,020	39,650	92.4	91.6	93.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440	51,800	43,680	47,440	51,800	43,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,670	34,020	39,650	92.4	91.6	93.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,560	42,360	37,120	39,560	42,360	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,640	29,860	32,780	78.5	80.4	76.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,080	53,250	43,400	48,080	53,250	43,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,405	25,570	25,840	64.5	68.9	60.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,040	52,200	43,960	48,040	52,200	43,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,995	30,165	35,830	82.8	81.2	84.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,330	5,750	8,660	7,330	5,750	8,660
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,460	1,370	2,085	4.3	3.7	4.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,410	6,890	7,750	7,410	6,890	7,750
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,755	37,135	42,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,025	12,020	11,005	28.9	32.4	25.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	63,200	56,400	59,600	63,200	56,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,700	78,900	67,900	73,700	78,900	67,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,830	9,100	9,735	23.6	24.5	22.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	23,200	21,600	22,400	23,200	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,160	32,240	30,160	31,160	32,240	30,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	90.2	82.0	86.2	90.2	82.0
Employment income (%)	70.6	75.6	65.6	70.6	75.6	65.6
Government transfers (%)	13.8	9.8	17.9	13.8	9.8	17.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.5	0.9	0.7	0.5	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,300	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,300	...	...	100,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,800	...	...	83,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,400	...	...	57,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,840	...	...	47,840	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,590	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,100	...	...	119,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,600	...	...	99,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	500	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	260	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	415	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	695	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,725	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,365	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,325	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,450	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,565	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,510	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,035	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,895	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,820	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,655	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,325	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,755	...	...	35.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,420	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,890	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,180	...	...	8.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,265	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	560	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	260	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	425	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	750	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,810	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,495	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,535	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,710	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,860	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,795	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,545	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,435	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,200	...	...	8.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,835	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,400	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,700	...	...	27.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,045	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,475	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,190	...	...	10.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,355	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,650	6,910	8,735	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	41,200	41,200	41,200	41,200	41,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	37,200	37,200	37,200	37,200	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	25,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,900	...	...	118,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,200	...	...	99,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,700	...	...	110,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,400	...	...	118,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,800	...	...	81,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,800	...	...	72,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,705	7,100	8,610	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,650	52,950	52,350	52,650	52,950	52,350
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,280	44,240	44,320	44,280	44,240	44,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	94,320	44,515	49,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,645	9,030	8,620	18.7	20.3	17.3
0 to 5 years	5,480	2,730	2,750	5.8	6.1	5.5
18 to 64 years	59,120	28,270	30,850	62.7	63.5	61.9
65 years and over	17,550	7,220	10,330	18.6	16.2	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,680	6,255	7,420	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,425	1,775	1,650	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,200	590	610	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,235	3,390	3,845	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,020	1,095	1,925	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.5	14.0	14.9	14.5	14.0	14.9
0 to 17 years (%)	19.4	19.6	19.2	19.4	19.6	19.2
0 to 5 years (%)	21.9	21.5	22.2	21.9	21.5	22.2
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2	12.0	12.5	12.2	12.0	12.5
65 years and over (%)	17.2	15.1	18.6	17.2	15.1	18.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	94,320	44,520	49,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,650	9,025	8,620	18.7	20.3	17.3
0 to 5 years	5,480	2,735	2,745	5.8	6.1	5.5
18 to 64 years	59,120	28,270	30,850	62.7	63.5	61.9
65 years and over	17,555	7,225	10,335	18.6	16.2	20.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,650	3,800	3,850	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,755	915	835	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	665	335	330	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,980	2,535	2,445	...	...	...
65 years and over	915	345	565	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.1	8.5	7.7	8.1	8.5	7.7
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	10.2	9.7	10.0	10.2	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	12.1	12.2	12.0	12.1	12.2	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.4	9.0	7.9	8.4	9.0	7.9
65 years and over (%)	5.2	4.8	5.5	5.2	4.8	5.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	94,320	44,515	49,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	53,695	24,920	28,775	56.9	56.0	57.8
In bottom decile	11,915	5,645	6,265	12.6	12.7	12.6
In second decile	11,375	5,145	6,235	12.1	11.6	12.5
In third decile	11,150	5,125	6,030	11.8	11.5	12.1
In fourth decile	10,110	4,735	5,375	10.7	10.6	10.8
In fifth decile	9,140	4,280	4,865	9.7	9.6	9.8
In top half of the distribution	40,625	19,600	21,030	43.1	44.0	42.2
In sixth decile	8,565	4,010	4,555	9.1	9.0	9.1
In seventh decile	7,745	3,705	4,040	8.2	8.3	8.1
In eighth decile	7,940	3,785	4,155	8.4	8.5	8.3
In ninth decile	7,620	3,725	3,895	8.1	8.4	7.8
In top decile	8,755	4,370	4,380	9.3	9.8	8.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	94,320	...	...	94,320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.367	...	...	0.367	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.518	...	...	0.518	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.317	...	...	0.317	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	94,570	44,580	49,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	83,180	39,820	43,360	88.0	89.3	86.7
French only	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	7,555	3,285	4,265	8.0	7.4	8.5
Neither English nor French	3,700	1,415	2,285	3.9	3.2	4.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	94,570	44,580	49,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	88,360	42,090	46,275	93.4	94.4	92.6
French	1,470	645	825	1.6	1.4	1.7
English and French	1,105	465	640	1.2	1.0	1.3
Neither English nor French	3,635	1,385	2,245	3.8	3.1	4.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	94,570	44,580	49,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	86,735	40,915	45,815	91.7	91.8	91.6
Official languages	42,830	20,540	22,295	45.3	46.1	44.6
English	41,585	19,980	21,610	44.0	44.8	43.2
French	1,240	555	685	1.3	1.2	1.4
Non-official languages	43,910	20,380	23,525	46.4	45.7	47.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	43,900	20,380	23,525	46.4	45.7	47.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,310	2,120	2,190	4.6	4.8	4.4
Berber languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	300	130	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Somali	265	115	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,995	1,985	2,010	4.2	4.5	4.0
Amharic	345	145	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Arabic	3,280	1,665	1,610	3.5	3.7	3.2
Aramaic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hebrew	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	285	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	235	85	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	225	80	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,225	1,620	2,610	4.5	3.6	5.2
Bikol	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	355	150	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indonesian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,415	1,290	2,125	3.6	2.9	4.3
Waray-Waray	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,740	910	830	1.8	2.0	1.7
Kannada	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malayalam	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	1,160	570	590	1.2	1.3	1.2
Telugu	350	210	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Tulu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,995	11,965	13,025	26.4	26.8	26.1
Albanian	535	260	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Armenian	860	425	440	0.9	1.0	0.9
Balto-Slavic languages	4,060	1,875	2,185	4.3	4.2	4.4
Baltic languages	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,970	1,840	2,130	4.2	4.1	4.3
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	415	190	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
Czech	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	270	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	415	180	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian	870	370	495	0.9	0.8	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	860	415	450	0.9	0.9	0.9
Bosnian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	675	330	345	0.7	0.7	0.7
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	865	445	420	0.9	1.0	0.8
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	560	225	335	0.6	0.5	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	420	165	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
German	405	160	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	2,005	935	1,075	2.1	2.1	2.2
Indo-Iranian languages	12,580	6,245	6,330	13.3	14.0	12.7
Indo-Aryan languages	7,860	3,895	3,965	8.3	8.7	7.9
Assamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,170	570	600	1.2	1.3	1.2
Gujarati	1,855	900	955	2.0	2.0	1.9
Hindi	1,060	565	500	1.1	1.3	1.0
Kacchi	460	185	275	0.5	0.4	0.6
Kashmiri	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	310	165	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	2,525	1,265	1,255	2.7	2.8	2.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	4,715	2,350	2,365	5.0	5.3	4.7
Baluchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	235	125	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Parsi	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	630	330	305	0.7	0.7	0.6
Persian languages	3,800	1,875	1,925	4.0	4.2	3.9
Dari	1,880	935	945	2.0	2.1	1.9
Iranian Persian	1,525	730	795	1.6	1.6	1.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	395	210	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,380	2,000	2,380	4.6	4.5	4.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	455	220	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	525	230	290	0.6	0.5	0.6
Romanian	1,205	555	650	1.3	1.2	1.3
Spanish	2,190	980	1,205	2.3	2.2	2.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	245	70	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	925	395	530	1.0	0.9	1.1
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	530	245	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
Akan (Twi)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,270	2,335	2,935	5.6	5.2	5.9
Chinese languages	5,220	2,315	2,905	5.5	5.2	5.8
Hakka	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,895	1,280	1,610	3.1	2.9	3.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	130	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	2,055	900	1,155	2.2	2.0	2.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	675	330	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
Azerbaijani	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	515	250	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Uyghur	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	625	250	370	0.7	0.6	0.7
Estonian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	455	190	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,830	3,660	4,170	8.3	8.2	8.3
English and French	385	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	6,400	3,010	3,390	6.8	6.8	6.8
French and non-official language(s)	190	75	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	660	280	375	0.7	0.6	0.8
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	94,570	44,580	49,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	44,140	21,080	23,065	46.7	47.3	46.1
French	325	140	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	13,185	6,030	7,155	13.9	13.5	14.3
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	13,175	6,025	7,155	13.9	13.5	14.3
English and French	1,135	505	625	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	32,810	15,490	17,320	34.7	34.7	34.6
French and non-official language(s)	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,350	605	750	1.4	1.4	1.5
Multiple non-official languages	1,530	695	835	1.6	1.6	1.7
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	94,570	44,580	49,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	85,485	40,285	45,200	90.4	90.4	90.4
Official languages	58,290	27,565	30,725	61.6	61.8	61.5
English	57,670	27,295	30,375	61.0	61.2	60.8
French	620	265	350	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official languages	27,190	12,720	14,470	28.8	28.5	28.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	27,185	12,715	14,470	28.7	28.5	28.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,650	1,255	1,395	2.8	2.8	2.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	145	55	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,500	1,195	1,305	2.6	2.7	2.6
Amharic	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	2,075	1,010	1,060	2.2	2.3	2.1
Aramaic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,615	1,125	1,490	2.8	2.5	3.0
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,175	920	1,255	2.3	2.1	2.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,190	605	585	1.3	1.4	1.2
Kannada	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	120	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	830	395	435	0.9	0.9	0.9
Telugu	235	140	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15,280	7,305	7,980	16.2	16.4	16.0
Albanian	245	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	635	305	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Balto-Slavic languages	2,490	1,185	1,305	2.6	2.7	2.6
Baltic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,465	1,175	1,285	2.6	2.6	2.6
Belarusian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Polish	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	565	255	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	475	235	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	420	210	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	810	410	400	0.9	0.9	0.8
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	975	425	545	1.0	1.0	1.1
Indo-Iranian languages	8,390	4,105	4,285	8.9	9.2	8.6
Indo-Aryan languages	5,060	2,500	2,560	5.4	5.6	5.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	755	355	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Gujarati	1,180	565	610	1.2	1.3	1.2
Hindi	720	395	330	0.8	0.9	0.7
Kacchi	240	100	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,720	855	865	1.8	1.9	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	3,325	1,600	1,725	3.5	3.6	3.5
Baluchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	165	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	465	240	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian languages	2,680	1,270	1,405	2.8	2.8	2.8
Dari	1,355	660	695	1.4	1.5	1.4
Iranian Persian	1,025	470	550	1.1	1.1	1.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,475	1,135	1,340	2.6	2.5	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	280	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	640	295	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	1,420	655	770	1.5	1.5	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	115	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	665	295	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,640	1,635	2,000	3.8	3.7	4.0
Chinese languages	3,610	1,630	1,990	3.8	3.7	4.0
Hakka	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,200	995	1,205	2.3	2.2	2.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,260	565	700	1.3	1.3	1.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	415	195	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Azerbaijani	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	330	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Uyghur	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	245	100	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,085	4,300	4,790	9.6	9.6	9.6
English and French	305	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	8,355	3,975	4,380	8.8	8.9	8.8
French and non-official language(s)	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	180	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	185	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	94,570	44,580	49,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	64,890	30,605	34,285	68.6	68.7	68.6
English	10,705	5,090	5,615	11.3	11.4	11.2
French	935	425	510	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	13,250	6,140	7,110	14.0	13.8	14.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	13,250	6,140	7,110	14.0	13.8	14.2
English and French	185	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,005	1,005	995	2.1	2.3	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	570	250	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	1,995	970	1,025	2.1	2.2	2.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	94,335	44,590	49,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	90,735	43,185	47,550	96.2	96.8	95.6
English	90,595	43,100	47,490	96.0	96.7	95.5
French	7,515	3,250	4,265	8.0	7.3	8.6
Non-official languages	57,740	26,815	30,925	61.2	60.1	62.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	57,735	26,815	30,920	61.2	60.1	62.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,605	3,225	3,380	7.0	7.2	6.8
Berber languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	420	165	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	370	145	225	0.4	0.3	0.5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	6,245	3,085	3,160	6.6	6.9	6.4
Amharic	650	295	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Arabic	5,205	2,620	2,580	5.5	5.9	5.2
Aramaic languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hebrew	110	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	460	200	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	400	155	245	0.4	0.3	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	370	150	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	6,055	2,290	3,765	6.4	5.1	7.6
Bikol	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	160	45	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	190	65	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
Ilocano	565	240	325	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indonesian	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,800	2,170	3,630	6.1	4.9	7.3
Waray-Waray	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	235	80	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian Creole	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	2,660	1,410	1,250	2.8	3.2	2.5
Kannada	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malayalam	235	135	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	1,780	880	895	1.9	2.0	1.8
Telugu	700	425	275	0.7	1.0	0.6
Tulu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	33,765	16,305	17,465	35.8	36.6	35.1
Albanian	710	320	390	0.8	0.7	0.8
Armenian	845	410	435	0.9	0.9	0.9
Balto-Slavic languages	5,155	2,405	2,750	5.5	5.4	5.5
Baltic languages	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latvian	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages	5,055	2,370	2,685	5.4	5.3	5.4
Belarusian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	545	260	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Czech	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	445	190	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Polish	550	270	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	1,580	735	845	1.7	1.6	1.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,055	490	565	1.1	1.1	1.1
Bosnian	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	295	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	860	395	465	0.9	0.9	0.9
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	895	470	430	0.9	1.1	0.9
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	255	95	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,130	485	645	1.2	1.1	1.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	870	370	500	0.9	0.8	1.0
German	830	345	485	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	3,035	1,430	1,605	3.2	3.2	3.2
Indo-Iranian languages	18,150	9,195	8,950	19.2	20.6	18.0
Indo-Aryan languages	12,900	6,530	6,375	13.7	14.6	12.8
Assamese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,795	905	890	1.9	2.0	1.8
Gujarati	3,870	1,890	1,975	4.1	4.2	4.0
Hindi	5,250	2,725	2,515	5.6	6.1	5.1
Kacchi	1,100	440	660	1.2	1.0	1.3
Kashmiri	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Marathi	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nepali	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	915	510	405	1.0	1.1	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	160	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	300	165	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Urdu	5,000	2,520	2,480	5.3	5.7	5.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	6,010	3,085	2,915	6.4	6.9	5.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	400	215	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Parsi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	1,115	600	515	1.2	1.3	1.0
Persian languages	5,040	2,595	2,445	5.3	5.8	4.9
Dari	2,475	1,265	1,215	2.6	2.8	2.4
Iranian Persian	2,130	1,085	1,045	2.3	2.4	2.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	570	320	250	0.6	0.7	0.5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,150	2,750	3,400	6.5	6.2	6.8
Catalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	910	400	505	1.0	0.9	1.0
Portuguese	810	380	430	0.9	0.9	0.9
Romanian	1,410	635	775	1.5	1.4	1.6
Spanish	3,395	1,460	1,935	3.6	3.3	3.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	580	230	345	0.6	0.5	0.7
Korean	1,195	505	685	1.3	1.1	1.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,525	660	860	1.6	1.5	1.7
Akan (Twi)	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	130	35	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	700	320	375	0.7	0.7	0.8
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,235	2,825	3,415	6.6	6.3	6.9
Chinese languages	6,170	2,790	3,380	6.5	6.3	6.8
Hakka	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mandarin	3,835	1,695	2,140	4.1	3.8	4.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	220	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	2,920	1,370	1,550	3.1	3.1	3.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	1,135	565	570	1.2	1.3	1.1
Azerbaijani	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	920	460	460	1.0	1.0	0.9
Uyghur	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uralic languages	720	330	395	0.8	0.7	0.8
Estonian	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	80	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	530	245	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,330	44,590	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	555	280	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	510	250	260	0.5	0.6	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	300	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis	220	115	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	93,775	44,305	49,470	99.4	99.4	99.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,330	44,590	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	94,185	44,510	49,670	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	16,940	...	...	44.2	...	...
Renter	21,340	...	...	55.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	12,015	...	...	31.4	...	...
Not condominium	26,275	...	...	68.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	515	...	...	1.3	...	...
1 bedroom	9,740	...	...	25.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,170	...	...	37.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,195	...	...	24.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,665	...	...	12.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	21,475	...	...	56.1	...	...
5 rooms	6,610	...	...	17.3	...	...
6 rooms	3,765	...	...	9.8	...	...
7 rooms	2,185	...	...	5.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,250	...	...	11.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	34,770	...	...	90.8	...	...
More than one person per room	3,515	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	31,570	...	...	82.5	...	...
Not suitable	6,715	...	...	17.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,215	...	...	24.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,640	...	...	43.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,825	...	...	10.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,360	...	...	8.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,670	...	...	4.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,355	...	...	3.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	875	...	...	2.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,345	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	35,685	...	...	93.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,600	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,275	...	...	55.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	14,465	...	...	37.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,545	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	465	...	...	1.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,575	...	...	11.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,415	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,335	...	...	19.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,740	...	...	20.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,755	...	...	15.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,035	...	...	10.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,950	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	38,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,400	...	...	66.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,725	...	...	33.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,280	...	...	29.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,930	...	...	49.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,225	...	...	26.7	...	...
Not suitable only	4,485	...	...	11.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,250	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,620	...	...	4.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	740	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	470	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...	0.4	...	...
Acceptable housing	19,355	...	...	50.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	8,805	...	...	24.0	...	...
Not in core need	27,875	...	...	76.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,945	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.3	...	...	52.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.2	...	...	26.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.9	...	...	12.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,510	...	...	1,510	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,846	...	...	1,846	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...	800,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	932,000	...	...	932,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,340	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.1	...	...	39.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	32.9	...	...	32.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,450	...	...	1,450	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,492	...	...	1,492	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	94,335	44,585	49,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	140	70	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	130	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Métis single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	615	310	305	0.7	0.7	0.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	600	305	295	0.6	0.7	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	420	220	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	93,580	44,200	49,375	99.2	99.1	99.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	94,335	44,585	49,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	76,930	36,110	40,815	81.5	81.0	82.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,985	7,650	7,330	15.9	17.2	14.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	61,945	28,460	33,480	65.7	63.8	67.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	17,410	8,475	8,935	18.5	19.0	18.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	94,335	44,585	49,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	39,635	19,525	20,110	42.0	43.8	40.4
Immigrants⁸¹	50,390	22,775	27,610	53.4	51.1	55.5
Before 1980	8,555	3,625	4,930	9.1	8.1	9.9
1980 to 1990	5,165	2,280	2,885	5.5	5.1	5.8
1991 to 2000	9,750	4,370	5,380	10.3	9.8	10.8
2001 to 2010	11,795	5,250	6,540	12.5	11.8	13.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	15,125	7,250	7,880	16.0	16.3	15.8
2011 to 2015	5,740	2,640	3,095	6.1	5.9	6.2
2016 to 2021	9,385	4,605	4,785	9.9	10.3	9.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,310	2,285	2,020	4.6	5.1	4.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	50,385	22,775	27,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,385	1,620	1,765	6.7	7.1	6.4
5 to 14 years	7,840	4,000	3,845	15.6	17.6	13.9
15 to 24 years	9,375	3,990	5,380	18.6	17.5	19.5
25 to 44 years	24,300	10,790	13,505	48.2	47.4	48.9
45 years and over	5,485	2,375	3,115	10.9	10.4	11.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	50,385	22,775	27,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	6,340	2,515	3,820	12.6	11.0	13.8
Brazil	150	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	620	250	370	1.2	1.1	1.3
El Salvador	90	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guyana	850	320	535	1.7	1.4	1.9
Haiti	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaica	1,335	515	825	2.6	2.3	3.0
Mexico	230	95	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
Peru	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	765	305	455	1.5	1.3	1.6
United States of America	760	330	430	1.5	1.4	1.6
Other places of birth in Americas	1,415	555	860	2.8	2.4	3.1
Europe	9,115	4,135	4,975	18.1	18.2	18.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	220	120	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
Croatia	115	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
France	90	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Germany	295	125	175	0.6	0.5	0.6
Greece	1,340	620	725	2.7	2.7	2.6
Hungary	320	145	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italy	260	145	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
Netherlands	85	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Poland	410	190	220	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portugal	220	95	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romania	1,135	505	635	2.3	2.2	2.3
Russian Federation	425	195	235	0.8	0.9	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	385	170	210	0.8	0.7	0.8
Ukraine	245	105	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,360	585	770	2.7	2.6	2.8
Other places of birth in Europe	2,200	1,015	1,190	4.4	4.5	4.3
Africa	4,885	2,145	2,740	9.7	9.4	9.9
Algeria	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	225	100	125	0.4	0.4	0.5
Egypt	510	235	275	1.0	1.0	1.0
Eritrea	300	120	180	0.6	0.5	0.7
Ethiopia	500	215	285	1.0	0.9	1.0
Morocco	120	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nigeria	270	120	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Somalia	290	125	160	0.6	0.5	0.6
South Africa, Republic of	95	35	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	2,475	1,090	1,390	4.9	4.8	5.0
Asia	29,955	13,945	16,010	59.5	61.2	58.0
Afghanistan	2,200	1,120	1,080	4.4	4.9	3.9
Iran⁸⁸	1,990	1,060	930	3.9	4.7	3.4
Iraq	415	210	205	0.8	0.9	0.7
Lebanon	655	330	325	1.3	1.4	1.2
Syria⁸⁹	1,430	690	745	2.8	3.0	2.7
Turkey	405	195	205	0.8	0.9	0.7
China⁹⁰	2,980	1,280	1,705	5.9	5.6	6.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,140	505	635	2.3	2.2	2.3
Korea, South⁹²	910	360	550	1.8	1.6	2.0
Taiwan	300	130	175	0.6	0.6	0.6
Philippines	5,690	2,195	3,500	11.3	9.6	12.7
Viet Nam	370	165	205	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bangladesh	1,185	585	595	2.4	2.6	2.2
India	4,265	2,130	2,130	8.5	9.4	7.7
Pakistan	2,485	1,290	1,195	4.9	5.7	4.3
Sri Lanka	1,130	565	565	2.2	2.5	2.0
Other places of birth in Asia	2,405	1,145	1,265	4.8	5.0	4.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	100	35	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	9,385	4,605	4,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	575	265	305	6.1	5.8	6.4
Brazil	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	130	45	90	1.4	1.0	1.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	125	40	80	1.3	0.9	1.7
Mexico	35	20	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
United States of America	90	65	20	1.0	1.4	0.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth in Americas	145	80	70	1.5	1.7	1.5
Europe	975	490	490	10.4	10.6	10.3
France	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Russian Federation	65	30	35	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ukraine	25	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Europe	795	395	395	8.5	8.6	8.3
Africa	875	400	480	9.3	8.7	10.0
Algeria	35	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Côte d'Ivoire	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Egypt	85	35	50	0.9	0.8	1.0
Eritrea	165	60	105	1.8	1.3	2.2
Ethiopia	135	80	55	1.4	1.7	1.2
Morocco	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	160	65	95	1.7	1.4	2.0
Somalia	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	70	35	30	0.7	0.8	0.6
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	120	45	75	1.3	1.0	1.6
Asia	6,940	3,445	3,500	73.9	74.8	73.2
Afghanistan	760	390	375	8.1	8.5	7.8
Bangladesh	250	140	110	2.7	3.0	2.3
China⁹⁰	385	155	230	4.1	3.4	4.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
India	1,570	835	730	16.7	18.1	15.3
Iran⁸⁸	280	135	140	3.0	2.9	2.9
Iraq	115	60	60	1.2	1.3	1.3
Israel	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Japan	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Jordan	35	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	25	0.4	0.4	0.5
Lebanon	105	55	50	1.1	1.2	1.0
Nepal	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistan	480	235	245	5.1	5.1	5.1
Philippines	1,180	530	645	12.6	11.5	13.5
Saudi Arabia	165	85	80	1.8	1.8	1.7
Sri Lanka	60	30	30	0.6	0.7	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	1,010	510	500	10.8	11.1	10.5
Turkey	105	55	45	1.1	1.2	0.9
United Arab Emirates	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Viet Nam	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	300	135	160	3.2	2.9	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	94,335	44,590	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	55,465	25,400	30,065	58.8	57.0	60.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	24,370	12,035	12,330	25.8	27.0	24.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	14,505	7,150	7,355	15.4	16.0	14.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	41,835	19,155	22,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	19,990	9,405	10,585	47.8	49.1	46.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	9,020	4,625	4,395	21.6	24.1	19.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10,965	4,785	6,185	26.2	25.0	27.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10,930	4,235	6,690	26.1	22.1	29.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10,240	5,225	5,015	24.5	27.3	22.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	675	280	395	1.6	1.5	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	41,835	19,155	22,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	4,680	2,455	2,225	11.2	12.8	9.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,490	1,180	2,305	8.3	6.2	10.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	720	330	390	1.7	1.7	1.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,150	825	1,330	5.1	4.3	5.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	140	40	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30,645	14,320	16,330	73.3	74.8	72.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	94,335	44,590	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	59,525	27,945	31,580	63.1	62.7	63.5
South Asian	17,285	8,715	8,565	18.3	19.5	17.2
Chinese	7,240	3,335	3,905	7.7	7.5	7.8
Black	9,880	4,355	5,525	10.5	9.8	11.1
Filipino	7,175	2,910	4,265	7.6	6.5	8.6
Arab	3,600	1,825	1,770	3.8	4.1	3.6
Latin American	2,290	1,015	1,275	2.4	2.3	2.6
Southeast Asian	810	310	500	0.9	0.7	1.0
West Asian	5,520	2,795	2,725	5.9	6.3	5.5
Korean	1,360	625	740	1.4	1.4	1.5
Japanese	680	275	400	0.7	0.6	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,435	645	785	1.5	1.4	1.6
Multiple visible minorities	2,260	1,140	1,120	2.4	2.6	2.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	34,810	16,645	18,170	36.9	37.3	36.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	94,335	44,590	49,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,395	2,660	2,735	5.7	6.0	5.5
English	6,715	3,240	3,475	7.1	7.3	7.0
Irish	5,565	2,530	3,035	5.9	5.7	6.1
Scottish	5,565	2,480	3,085	5.9	5.6	6.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,200	1,020	1,180	2.3	2.3	2.4
German	2,575	1,180	1,395	2.7	2.6	2.8
Chinese	7,365	3,370	3,995	7.8	7.6	8.0
Italian	2,225	1,130	1,100	2.4	2.5	2.2
Indian (India)	8,850	4,435	4,410	9.4	9.9	8.9
Ukrainian	1,035	445	590	1.1	1.0	1.2
Dutch	730	320	410	0.8	0.7	0.8
Polish	1,560	800	760	1.7	1.8	1.5
Québécois	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,870	865	1,005	2.0	1.9	2.0
Filipino	6,715	2,715	4,000	7.1	6.1	8.0
French Canadian	420	220	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	970	455	515	1.0	1.0	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis	205	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	890	400	485	0.9	0.9	1.0
Russian	1,090	480	610	1.2	1.1	1.2
Norwegian	190	75	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Welsh	560	215	350	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portuguese	1,000	450	550	1.1	1.0	1.1
American	620	285	330	0.7	0.6	0.7
Spanish	1,405	605	800	1.5	1.4	1.6
Swedish	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	860	370	485	0.9	0.8	1.0
Acadian	105	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	2,435	1,260	1,175	2.6	2.8	2.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,045	900	1,145	2.2	2.0	2.3
Jewish	635	320	310	0.7	0.7	0.6
Punjabi	265	145	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	465	190	275	0.5	0.4	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,855	955	905	2.0	2.1	1.8
Greek	3,710	1,805	1,905	3.9	4.0	3.8
Jamaican	2,140	925	1,215	2.3	2.1	2.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,450	705	745	1.5	1.6	1.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	1,375	620	760	1.5	1.4	1.5
Romanian	1,480	675	805	1.6	1.5	1.6
Lebanese	785	380	400	0.8	0.9	0.8
Iranian	1,795	945	845	1.9	2.1	1.7
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	455	230	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Danish	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austrian	260	120	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belgian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	80	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindu	700	370	335	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mexican	390	165	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mennonite	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	225	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sri Lankan	1,070	535	535	1.1	1.2	1.1
Croatian	320	160	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japanese	860	370	490	0.9	0.8	1.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,400	680	730	1.5	1.5	1.5
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	155	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	1,525	770	755	1.6	1.7	1.5
Egyptian	620	315	305	0.7	0.7	0.6
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	505	260	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
Tamil	785	370	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
Icelandic	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombian	615	280	335	0.7	0.6	0.7
Moroccan	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	195	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	915	435	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
Guyanese	800	335	460	0.8	0.8	0.9
Afghan	2,910	1,445	1,465	3.1	3.2	2.9
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	865	390	475	0.9	0.9	1.0
Serbian	800	385	420	0.8	0.9	0.8
Ojibway	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ontarian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	725	355	365	0.8	0.8	0.7
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	660	250	415	0.7	0.6	0.8
Turkish	805	340	465	0.9	0.8	0.9
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	1,185	580	605	1.3	1.3	1.2
Algerian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	270	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	265	95	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
Armenian	915	445	470	1.0	1.0	0.9
Slovak	715	380	340	0.8	0.9	0.7
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	445	205	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Taiwanese	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iraqi	325	145	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Salvadorean	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	705	340	365	0.7	0.8	0.7
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	520	225	295	0.6	0.5	0.6
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	385	215	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	595	245	345	0.6	0.5	0.7
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	535	200	335	0.6	0.4	0.7
Lithuanian	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
South African	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	290	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chilean	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	255	100	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nova Scotian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	575	225	350	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	265	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peruvian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	190	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	745	325	420	0.8	0.7	0.8
Maltese	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	575	280	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Slovenian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	265	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrean	390	205	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
African Canadian	130	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Israeli	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	625	295	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Albertan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	330	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
African American	195	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuban	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	120	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Venezuelan	145	50	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	160	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	335	165	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Cameroonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	280	115	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern Irish	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Franco Ontarian	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	425	230	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	140	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Igbo	115	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Byelorussian	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	305	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ivorian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kenyan	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jordanian	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	220	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Malayali	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sicilian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malay	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Zimbabwean	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ugandan	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tanzanian	255	120	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yemeni	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central African	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Roma	160	100	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Costa Rican	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tajik	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amhara	135	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	94,330	44,585	49,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,110	485	630	1.2	1.1	1.3
Christian	45,230	19,690	25,540	47.9	44.2	51.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,935	3,850	5,090	9.5	8.6	10.2
Anabaptist	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	2,305	885	1,420	2.4	2.0	2.9
Baptist	895	350	550	0.9	0.8	1.1
Catholic	18,735	8,290	10,445	19.9	18.6	21.0
Christian Orthodox	7,260	3,415	3,840	7.7	7.7	7.7
Jehovah's Witness	280	115	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	465	210	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	235	65	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,055	400	655	1.1	0.9	1.3
Presbyterian	1,145	510	635	1.2	1.1	1.3
Reformed	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,915	715	1,195	2.0	1.6	2.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,845	795	1,050	2.0	1.8	2.1
Hindu	4,220	2,255	1,970	4.5	5.1	4.0
Jewish	735	385	355	0.8	0.9	0.7
Muslim	21,055	10,445	10,610	22.3	23.4	21.3
Sikh	240	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	895	380	515	0.9	0.9	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	20,845	10,820	10,025	22.1	24.3	20.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	93,420	44,175	49,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	83,800	39,445	44,355	89.7	89.3	90.1
Movers	9,625	4,735	4,890	10.3	10.7	9.9
Non-migrants	7,170	3,535	3,635	7.7	8.0	7.4
Migrants	2,455	1,200	1,255	2.6	2.7	2.5
Internal migrants	1,220	630	590	1.3	1.4	1.2
Intraprovincial migrants	985	495	490	1.1	1.1	1.0
Interprovincial migrants	240	140	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
External migrants	1,230	570	665	1.3	1.3	1.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	89,735	42,330	47,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	59,420	27,645	31,780	66.2	65.3	67.0
Movers	30,310	14,690	15,625	33.8	34.7	33.0
Non-migrants	16,225	7,560	8,665	18.1	17.9	18.3
Migrants	14,085	7,125	6,960	15.7	16.8	14.7
Internal migrants	4,650	2,230	2,420	5.2	5.3	5.1
Intraprovincial migrants	3,690	1,730	1,960	4.1	4.1	4.1
Interprovincial migrants	960	500	460	1.1	1.2	1.0
External migrants	9,435	4,900	4,535	10.5	11.6	9.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,750	37,135	42,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,455	5,885	6,570	15.6	15.8	15.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	67,295	31,245	36,050	84.4	84.1	84.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,250	24,190	27,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,995	2,495	2,505	9.7	10.3	9.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,255	21,695	24,560	90.3	89.7	90.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,750	37,135	42,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,670	5,510	6,160	14.6	14.8	14.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,155	9,965	10,185	25.3	26.8	23.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,925	21,655	26,270	60.1	58.3	61.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,860	8,130	10,735	23.6	21.9	25.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,810	1,645	1,165	3.5	4.4	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,605	840	770	2.0	2.3	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,205	810	400	1.5	2.2	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,460	5,460	8,000	16.9	14.7	18.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,590	1,025	1,565	3.2	2.8	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	29,065	13,525	15,540	36.4	36.4	36.5
Bachelor's degree	18,905	8,535	10,370	23.7	23.0	24.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,020	945	1,075	2.5	2.5	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	755	345	400	0.9	0.9	0.9
Master's degree	6,640	3,240	3,405	8.3	8.7	8.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	750	465	285	0.9	1.3	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	51,255	24,190	27,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,545	2,295	2,245	8.9	9.5	8.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,655	5,695	4,960	20.8	23.5	18.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,055	16,200	19,855	70.3	67.0	73.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,130	5,745	7,385	25.6	23.7	27.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,775	1,035	740	3.5	4.3	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,040	540	495	2.0	2.2	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	740	490	250	1.4	2.0	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,550	4,040	5,515	18.6	16.7	20.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,800	670	1,130	3.5	2.8	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,925	10,455	12,475	44.7	43.2	46.1
Bachelor's degree	14,650	6,515	8,140	28.6	26.9	30.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,565	705	855	3.1	2.9	3.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	570	235	340	1.1	1.0	1.3
Master's degree	5,645	2,715	2,930	11.0	11.2	10.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	490	280	210	1.0	1.2	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,750	37,130	42,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,825	15,475	16,345	39.9	41.7	38.4
Education	2,395	485	1,915	3.0	1.3	4.5
13. Education	2,395	485	1,915	3.0	1.3	4.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,885	805	1,080	2.4	2.2	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	130	60	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,690	680	1,015	2.1	1.8	2.4
Humanities	3,065	970	2,095	3.8	2.6	4.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	455	85	365	0.6	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	765	170	590	1.0	0.5	1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	875	275	605	1.1	0.7	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	215	120	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	195	105	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	360	165	195	0.5	0.4	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140	20	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,490	2,095	4,395	8.1	5.6	10.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	835	300	540	1.0	0.8	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	990	85	905	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,030	370	655	1.3	1.0	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	815	185	635	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	2,625	1,095	1,530	3.3	2.9	3.6
Business, management and public administration	12,170	5,350	6,820	15.3	14.4	16.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	730	150	580	0.9	0.4	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,430	5,200	6,235	14.3	14.0	14.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,205	965	1,240	2.8	2.6	2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,070	435	635	1.3	1.2	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	465	180	285	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	545	285	255	0.7	0.8	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,420	2,165	1,260	4.3	5.8	3.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,710	1,855	850	3.4	5.0	2.0
25. Library science	150	20	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	465	250	215	0.6	0.7	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,890	6,495	1,390	9.9	17.5	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	555	330	230	0.7	0.9	0.5
14. Engineering	4,060	3,165	895	5.1	8.5	2.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,395	1,195	200	1.7	3.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	765	755	20	1.0	2.0	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	845	805	45	1.1	2.2	0.1
48. Precision production	265	255	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	530	265	265	0.7	0.7	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	330	155	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	110	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	6,050	1,365	4,690	7.6	3.7	11.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	405	210	190	0.5	0.6	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,460	1,055	4,400	6.8	2.8	10.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,825	700	1,120	2.3	1.9	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,275	320	955	1.6	0.9	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	335	210	125	0.4	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	215	170	45	0.3	0.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	51,255	24,190	27,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,200	7,995	7,205	29.7	33.1	26.6
Education	1,590	340	1,250	3.1	1.4	4.6
13. Education	1,590	340	1,250	3.1	1.4	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,380	575	805	2.7	2.4	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,270	510	760	2.5	2.1	2.8
Humanities	2,120	635	1,490	4.1	2.6	5.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	325	50	270	0.6	0.2	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	550	125	420	1.1	0.5	1.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	630	195	440	1.2	0.8	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	70	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	240	95	150	0.5	0.4	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	0	75	0.1	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,000	1,540	3,460	9.8	6.4	12.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	705	230	475	1.4	1.0	1.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	670	45	625	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	820	275	545	1.6	1.1	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	630	145	490	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	2,025	810	1,220	4.0	3.3	4.5
Business, management and public administration	9,425	4,160	5,260	18.4	17.2	19.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	530	100	435	1.0	0.4	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,880	4,055	4,820	17.3	16.8	17.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,610	660	950	3.1	2.7	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	805	325	480	1.6	1.3	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	120	220	0.7	0.5	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	365	170	195	0.7	0.7	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,870	1,825	1,040	5.6	7.5	3.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,365	1,630	735	4.6	6.7	2.7
25. Library science	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	350	160	190	0.7	0.7	0.7
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,830	4,670	1,160	11.4	19.3	4.3
04. Architecture and related services	405	215	185	0.8	0.9	0.7
14. Engineering	3,185	2,400	785	6.2	9.9	2.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	980	850	135	1.9	3.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	530	515	20	1.0	2.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	570	540	35	1.1	2.2	0.1
48. Precision production	160	150	10	0.3	0.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	400	200	200	0.8	0.8	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	240	110	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	160	85	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	4,495	1,045	3,455	8.8	4.3	12.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	290	160	130	0.6	0.7	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,075	830	3,245	8.0	3.4	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,335	555	780	2.6	2.3	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	935	250	680	1.8	1.0	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	250	170	75	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	150	135	20	0.3	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	51,255	24,190	27,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,200	7,995	7,205	29.7	33.1	26.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,055	16,195	19,855	70.3	66.9	73.4
Location of study inside Canada	21,100	9,415	11,680	41.2	38.9	43.2
Same as province or territory of residence	19,710	8,725	10,990	38.5	36.1	40.6
Different than province or territory of residence	1,385	690	690	2.7	2.9	2.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	14,955	6,780	8,175	29.2	28.0	30.2
Americas	1,885	955	925	3.7	3.9	3.4
United States of America	915	535	380	1.8	2.2	1.4
Mexico	105	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazil	125	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	275	120	150	0.5	0.5	0.6
Peru	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	270	115	155	0.5	0.5	0.6
Europe	2,725	1,230	1,500	5.3	5.1	5.5
Belgium	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
France	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	125	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romania	545	260	285	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian Federation	195	85	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	130	60	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	570	245	325	1.1	1.0	1.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Europe	580	245	335	1.1	1.0	1.2
Africa	730	350	385	1.4	1.4	1.4
Nigeria	155	60	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	170	90	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	350	170	180	0.7	0.7	0.7
Asia	9,465	4,180	5,285	18.5	17.3	19.5
Iran⁸⁸	545	235	310	1.1	1.0	1.1
Iraq	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	160	70	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	205	100	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Turkey	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	1,005	380	625	2.0	1.6	2.3
Taiwan	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japan	105	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	275	125	150	0.5	0.5	0.6
Philippines	2,230	725	1,510	4.4	3.0	5.6
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	500	220	280	1.0	0.9	1.0
Sri Lanka	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	2,450	1,355	1,095	4.8	5.6	4.0
Pakistan	930	445	490	1.8	1.8	1.8
Other locations of study in Asia	675	345	335	1.3	1.4	1.2
Oceania	140	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australia	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,750	37,135	42,620	...	...	...
In the labour force	47,805	24,450	23,360	...	...	...
Employed	40,605	21,020	19,580	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,200	3,420	3,780	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,950	12,685	19,260	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.9	65.8	54.8	59.9	65.8	54.8
Employment rate	50.9	56.6	45.9	50.9	56.6	45.9
Unemployment rate	15.1	14.0	16.2	15.1	14.0	16.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,750	37,130	42,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,640	13,710	19,935	42.2	36.9	46.8
Worked	46,105	23,420	22,690	57.8	63.1	53.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,125	12,705	11,410	30.3	34.2	26.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,985	10,715	11,275	27.6	28.9	26.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	40.1	39.3	39.7	40.1	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	47,800	24,450	23,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,150	975	1,175	4.5	4.0	5.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	45,655	23,470	22,185	95.5	96.0	95.0
Employee	38,730	18,985	19,740	81.0	77.6	84.5
Permanent position	32,395	15,890	16,510	67.8	65.0	70.7
Temporary position	6,330	3,095	3,235	13.2	12.7	13.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,430	1,150	1,280	5.1	4.7	5.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,905	1,950	1,955	8.2	8.0	8.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,930	4,485	2,445	14.5	18.3	10.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	47,800	24,450	23,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,150	975	1,175	4.5	4.0	5.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	45,655	23,470	22,185	95.5	96.0	95.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	590	360	225	1.2	1.5	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,800	3,605	6,195	20.5	14.7	26.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,310	3,840	1,470	11.1	15.7	6.3
3 Health occupations	3,320	685	2,635	6.9	2.8	11.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,870	1,390	3,475	10.2	5.7	14.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,700	830	865	3.6	3.4	3.7
6 Sales and service occupations	12,120	5,870	6,255	25.4	24.0	26.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,195	5,685	510	13.0	23.3	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	285	255	30	0.6	1.0	0.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,460	940	520	3.1	3.8	2.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	47,800	24,450	23,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,150	975	1,175	4.5	4.0	5.0
All industries¹⁹¹	45,655	23,470	22,185	95.5	96.0	95.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
22 Utilities	130	80	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
23 Construction	2,685	2,410	275	5.6	9.9	1.2
31-33 Manufacturing	2,625	1,755	865	5.5	7.2	3.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,420	935	485	3.0	3.8	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	5,275	2,605	2,670	11.0	10.7	11.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,705	2,190	510	5.7	9.0	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	1,720	1,030	695	3.6	4.2	3.0
52 Finance and insurance	3,745	1,715	2,035	7.8	7.0	8.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,450	725	720	3.0	3.0	3.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,530	3,090	2,440	11.6	12.6	10.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	315	140	175	0.7	0.6	0.7
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,075	1,830	1,250	6.4	7.5	5.4
61 Educational services	2,960	910	2,045	6.2	3.7	8.8
62 Health care and social assistance	5,390	1,060	4,330	11.3	4.3	18.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	690	330	365	1.4	1.3	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	2,200	1,035	1,160	4.6	4.2	5.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,970	765	1,200	4.1	3.1	5.1
91 Public administration	1,665	780	885	3.5	3.2	3.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	50,115	25,480	24,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	45,795	23,415	22,380	91.4	91.9	90.8
French	125	40	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	485	245	235	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	485	245	235	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	940	355	585	1.9	1.4	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,630	1,355	1,285	5.2	5.3	5.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	50,115	25,480	24,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	49,415	25,155	24,260	98.6	98.7	98.5
Official languages	48,390	24,625	23,760	96.6	96.6	96.4
English	48,105	24,555	23,545	96.0	96.4	95.6
French	285	65	215	0.6	0.3	0.9
Non-official languages	1,030	530	500	2.1	2.1	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,030	530	500	2.1	2.1	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	360	200	160	0.7	0.8	0.6
Albanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	170	110	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	70	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	95	65	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Dari	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	345	180	165	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese languages	345	180	165	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	250	115	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	65	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	700	320	375	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	200	75	125	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	480	235	245	1.0	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	50,115	25,480	24,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	47,010	23,975	23,035	93.8	94.1	93.5
English	585	230	355	1.2	0.9	1.4
French	585	255	330	1.2	1.0	1.3
Non-official language	1,530	800	730	3.1	3.1	3.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,530	800	730	3.1	3.1	3.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	60	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	285	165	125	0.6	0.6	0.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	40,600	21,025	19,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,560	6,255	7,310	33.4	29.8	37.3
Worked outside Canada	240	140	95	0.6	0.7	0.5
No fixed workplace address	5,135	3,805	1,325	12.6	18.1	6.8
Usual place of work	21,675	10,825	10,845	53.4	51.5	55.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	21,670	10,825	10,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,065	8,390	9,675	83.4	77.5	89.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,565	2,420	1,140	16.5	22.4	10.5
Commute to a different province or territory	45	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	26,805	14,625	12,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	17,955	11,010	6,940	67.0	75.3	57.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15,810	10,280	5,530	59.0	70.3	45.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,145	730	1,415	8.0	5.0	11.6
Public transit	6,730	2,665	4,065	25.1	18.2	33.4
Walked	1,100	470	625	4.1	3.2	5.1
Bicycle	195	155	45	0.7	1.1	0.4
Other method	825	325	490	3.1	2.2	4.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	26,805	14,625	12,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,170	2,180	1,990	15.6	14.9	16.3
15 to 29 minutes	8,680	4,620	4,055	32.4	31.6	33.3
30 to 44 minutes	7,250	4,305	2,950	27.0	29.4	24.2
45 to 59 minutes	3,105	1,695	1,410	11.6	11.6	11.6
60 minutes and over	3,605	1,840	1,765	13.4	12.6	14.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	26,805	14,625	12,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,390	1,095	295	5.2	7.5	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,560	2,185	1,375	13.3	14.9	11.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,675	2,885	2,790	21.2	19.7	22.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,060	2,885	3,175	22.6	19.7	26.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,030	2,580	2,455	18.8	17.6	20.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,085	3,000	2,085	19.0	20.5	17.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,020	9,220	8,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,855	960	895	10.3	10.4	10.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,165	8,260	7,905	89.7	89.6	89.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,175	6,805	6,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,485	785	705	11.3	11.5	11.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,020	515	505	7.7	7.6	7.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	470	270	200	3.6	4.0	3.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,690	6,020	5,670	88.7	88.5	88.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table