Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Eglinton--LawrenceMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	115,832	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	114,395	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.3	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	48,978	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	45,891	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5,114.3	...	...	5,114.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	22.65	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	115,830	54,260	61,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,015	9,795	9,220	16.4	18.1	15.0
0 to 4 years	5,730	2,955	2,775	4.9	5.4	4.5
5 to 9 years	6,255	3,240	3,015	5.4	6.0	4.9
10 to 14 years	7,025	3,595	3,430	6.1	6.6	5.6
15 to 64 years	76,140	35,845	40,295	65.7	66.1	65.4
15 to 19 years	7,360	3,800	3,555	6.4	7.0	5.8
20 to 24 years	7,150	3,665	3,490	6.2	6.8	5.7
25 to 29 years	7,085	3,465	3,610	6.1	6.4	5.9
30 to 34 years	7,590	3,675	3,915	6.6	6.8	6.4
35 to 39 years	7,555	3,485	4,070	6.5	6.4	6.6
40 to 44 years	7,820	3,500	4,320	6.8	6.5	7.0
45 to 49 years	7,935	3,530	4,405	6.9	6.5	7.2
50 to 54 years	8,300	3,695	4,605	7.2	6.8	7.5
55 to 59 years	8,040	3,715	4,325	6.9	6.8	7.0
60 to 64 years	7,305	3,305	4,005	6.3	6.1	6.5
65 years and over	20,680	8,620	12,060	17.9	15.9	19.6
65 to 69 years	6,180	2,710	3,470	5.3	5.0	5.6
70 to 74 years	5,140	2,285	2,860	4.4	4.2	4.6
75 to 79 years	3,460	1,470	1,990	3.0	2.7	3.2
80 to 84 years	2,545	995	1,550	2.2	1.8	2.5
85 years and over	3,345	1,160	2,190	2.9	2.1	3.6
85 to 89 years	1,815	725	1,090	1.6	1.3	1.8
90 to 94 years	1,155	355	800	1.0	0.7	1.3
95 to 99 years	335	70	265	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	45	5	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	18.1	15.0	16.4	18.1	15.0
15 to 64 years	65.7	66.1	65.4	65.7	66.1	65.4
65 years and over	17.9	15.9	19.6	17.9	15.9	19.6
85 years and over	2.9	2.1	3.6	2.9	2.1	3.6
Average age of the population	41.4	39.6	43.0	41.4	39.6	43.0
Median age of the population	41.2	38.8	43.6	41.2	38.8	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	17,180	...	...	37.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,490	...	...	3.2	...	...
Row house	1,615	...	...	3.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,265	...	...	4.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,005	...	...	17.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15,310	...	...	33.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,060	...	...	30.6	...	...
2 persons	13,300	...	...	29.0	...	...
3 persons	7,190	...	...	15.7	...	...
4 persons	6,995	...	...	15.2	...	...
5 or more persons	4,340	...	...	9.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	114,785	53,925	60,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	96,820	44,465	52,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	51,625	25,615	26,010	53.3	57.6	49.7
Married	45,790	22,685	23,105	47.3	51.0	44.1
Living common-law	5,840	2,935	2,910	6.0	6.6	5.6
Living common law - Never married	4,345	2,145	2,205	4.5	4.8	4.2
Living common law - Separated	200	125	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,170	615	555	1.2	1.4	1.1
Living common law - Widowed	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	45,195	18,850	26,340	46.7	42.4	50.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	31,455	15,205	16,255	32.5	34.2	31.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,480	920	1,555	2.6	2.1	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,320	1,950	4,375	6.5	4.4	8.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,940	785	4,155	5.1	1.8	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,595	...	...	44.4	...	...
3 persons	7,000	...	...	22.9	...	...
4 persons	6,835	...	...	22.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,165	...	...	10.3	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,925	...	...	81.5	...	...
Married couples	22,010	...	...	71.9	...	...
With children⁶	13,945	...	...	45.6	...	...
Without children	8,065	...	...	26.4	...	...
Common-law couples	2,920	...	...	9.5	...	...
With children⁶	895	...	...	2.9	...	...
Without children	2,020	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,665	...	...	18.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,830	...	...	15.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	835	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	114,785	53,930	60,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	93,095	45,500	47,595	81.1	84.4	78.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	49,850	24,935	24,920	43.4	46.2	40.9
Parents in one-parent families	5,665	840	4,825	4.9	1.6	7.9
Children⁶	37,575	19,725	17,845	32.7	36.6	29.3
In a two-parent family	28,895	15,190	13,700	25.2	28.2	22.5
In a one-parent family	8,685	4,535	4,145	7.6	8.4	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,690	8,425	13,270	18.9	15.6	21.8
Living alone	14,060	5,365	8,695	12.2	9.9	14.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,895	1,000	1,900	2.5	1.9	3.1
Living with non-relatives only	4,735	2,060	2,675	4.1	3.8	4.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,770	...	...	58.3	...	...
Couple-family households	22,245	...	...	48.5	...	...
With children⁶	13,250	...	...	28.9	...	...
Without children	8,990	...	...	19.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,530	...	...	9.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,065	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,670	...	...	3.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,045	...	...	4.5	...	...
One-person households	14,065	...	...	30.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	95,800	44,145	51,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,605	42,030	49,570	95.6	95.2	96.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	49,600	41,200	44,000	49,600	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,705	42,080	49,630	95.7	95.3	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	43,200	37,200	39,600	43,200	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,725	38,500	44,225	86.4	87.2	85.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	48,800	35,200	41,200	48,800	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,775	32,100	34,675	69.7	72.7	67.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	50,000	35,600	41,600	50,000	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,505	36,815	44,685	85.1	83.4	86.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,350	5,320	9,200	7,350	5,320	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,575	2,870	4,705	7.9	6.5	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,480	5,760	5,600	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,940	12,765	15,170	29.2	28.9	29.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,500	8,500	8,000	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	95,705	44,005	51,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,570	41,935	49,635	95.7	95.3	96.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	88,500	114,300	66,700	88,500	114,300	66,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,660	41,980	49,685	95.8	95.4	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,700	79,000	52,550	64,700	79,000	52,550
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,900	38,590	44,305	86.6	87.7	85.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	88,000	116,000	63,550	88,000	116,000	63,550
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,765	32,330	34,435	69.8	73.5	66.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	84,300	109,300	60,850	84,300	109,300	60,850
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,135	36,500	44,630	84.8	82.9	86.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,980	8,610	11,100	9,980	8,610	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,410	2,895	4,510	7.7	6.6	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,790	6,005	7,290	6,790	6,005	7,290
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,745	12,605	15,140	29.0	28.6	29.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,550	9,350	9,720	9,550	9,350	9,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	95,710	44,005	51,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,055	17,230	14,830	33.5	39.2	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,500	87,000	68,500	77,500	87,000	68,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	135,000	164,800	100,300	135,000	164,800	100,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,885	10,800	14,085	26.0	24.5	27.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	19,600	17,200	18,000	19,600	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,440	52,350	33,080	41,440	52,350	33,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	90.0	93.4	85.0	90.0	93.4	85.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.4	73.8	63.3	69.4	73.8	63.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	10.0	6.6	15.0	10.0	6.6	15.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.4	1.0	0.6	0.4	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.6	2.6	5.1	3.6	2.6	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.3	2.5	4.4	3.3	2.5	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	95,800	44,145	51,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,195	2,115	2,085	4.4	4.8	4.0
With total income	91,600	42,035	49,570	95.6	95.2	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,845	4,080	4,765	9.7	9.7	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	9,560	4,215	5,340	10.4	10.0	10.8
$20,000 to $29,999	13,545	5,465	8,085	14.8	13.0	16.3
$30,000 to $39,999	10,120	4,080	6,040	11.0	9.7	12.2
$40,000 to $49,999	8,285	3,360	4,925	9.0	8.0	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,580	2,785	3,790	7.2	6.6	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,170	2,195	2,970	5.6	5.2	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,325	1,930	2,390	4.7	4.6	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,340	1,595	1,740	3.6	3.8	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,880	1,405	1,470	3.1	3.3	3.0
$100,000 and over	18,960	10,910	8,050	20.7	26.0	16.2
$100,000 to $149,999	7,790	3,790	4,005	8.5	9.0	8.1
$150,000 and over	11,170	7,125	4,040	12.2	17.0	8.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	95,800	44,145	51,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,090	2,065	2,030	4.3	4.7	3.9
With after-tax income	91,705	42,075	49,625	95.7	95.3	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,385	4,330	5,060	10.2	10.3	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	10,000	4,410	5,585	10.9	10.5	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	15,185	6,130	9,055	16.6	14.6	18.2
$30,000 to $39,999	11,640	4,795	6,845	12.7	11.4	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	9,390	3,885	5,510	10.2	9.2	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,115	3,060	4,055	7.8	7.3	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,330	2,370	2,960	5.8	5.6	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,110	2,020	2,095	4.5	4.8	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,535	1,615	1,920	3.9	3.8	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,395	1,120	1,270	2.6	2.7	2.6
$100,000 and over	13,610	8,335	5,275	14.8	19.8	10.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,855	2,015	1,840	4.2	4.8	3.7
$125,000 and over	9,755	6,325	3,435	10.6	15.0	6.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	95,800	44,145	51,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,025	12,045	16,975	30.3	27.3	32.9
With employment income	66,775	32,100	34,680	69.7	72.7	67.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,220	4,135	5,080	13.8	12.9	14.6
$5,000 to $9,999	5,505	2,340	3,160	8.2	7.3	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	7,205	3,070	4,140	10.8	9.6	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,535	2,235	3,305	8.3	7.0	9.5
$30,000 to $39,999	5,065	2,170	2,890	7.6	6.8	8.3
$40,000 to $49,999	4,835	2,130	2,705	7.2	6.6	7.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,290	1,925	2,360	6.4	6.0	6.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,560	1,695	1,870	5.3	5.3	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,905	1,395	1,510	4.4	4.3	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,330	1,245	1,085	3.5	3.9	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,230	1,125	1,105	3.3	3.5	3.2
$100,000 and over	14,095	8,625	5,470	21.1	26.9	15.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,565	1,800	1,760	5.3	5.6	5.1
$125,000 and over	10,530	6,825	3,705	15.8	21.3	10.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	95,800	44,145	51,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,930	40,590	48,335	92.8	91.9	93.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	48,400	39,200	42,800	48,400	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,955	40,595	48,355	92.9	92.0	93.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,400	35,600	38,400	42,400	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,120	37,550	43,570	84.7	85.1	84.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,000	37,600	42,400	50,000	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,860	31,995	34,865	69.8	72.5	67.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,200	37,200	42,000	49,200	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,430	34,340	41,090	78.7	77.8	79.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,200	770	2,360	1,200	770	2,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,005	1,355	2,655	4.2	3.1	5.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	5,560	6,650	6,200	5,560	6,650
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	95,705	44,005	51,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,870	40,495	48,380	92.9	92.0	93.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	86,100	111,600	64,800	86,100	111,600	64,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,905	40,495	48,410	92.9	92.0	93.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,000	77,700	50,680	63,000	77,700	50,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,135	37,545	43,590	84.8	85.3	84.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	88,500	115,900	65,000	88,500	115,900	65,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,610	31,960	34,650	69.6	72.6	67.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	83,100	107,600	60,600	83,100	107,600	60,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,230	34,025	41,210	78.6	77.3	79.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,265	4,980	7,320	6,265	4,980	7,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,995	1,310	2,685	4.2	3.0	5.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,980	6,650	8,630	7,980	6,650	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	95,710	44,005	51,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,645	16,900	14,740	33.1	38.4	28.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,000	81,000	64,000	72,000	81,000	64,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	125,800	153,800	93,700	125,800	153,800	93,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,375	10,090	13,280	24.4	22.9	25.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	27,200	25,000	25,800	27,200	25,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	48,960	59,950	40,560	48,960	59,950	40,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.8	96.2	90.4	93.8	96.2	90.4
Employment income (%)	72.4	76.0	67.0	72.4	76.0	67.0
Government transfers (%)	6.2	3.8	9.6	6.2	3.8	9.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.2	0.7	0.4	0.2	0.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,890	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,065	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	176,400	...	...	176,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	129,200	...	...	129,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,095	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	67,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,050	...	...	54,050	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	224,600	...	...	224,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	162,400	...	...	162,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	600	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	570	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	755	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,945	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,520	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,290	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,335	...	...	2.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,445	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,375	...	...	3.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,755	...	...	6.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,650	...	...	5.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,580	...	...	5.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,345	...	...	5.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,195	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,240	...	...	48.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,460	...	...	9.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,150	...	...	6.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,130	...	...	9.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	10,490	...	...	22.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	755	...	...	1.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	315	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	580	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	820	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,060	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,685	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,500	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,560	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,625	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,730	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,340	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,060	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,840	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,740	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,285	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,000	...	...	41.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,395	...	...	9.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,020	...	...	6.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,580	...	...	25.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,305	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,855	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	184,000	...	...	184,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,000	...	...	153,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,300	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,795	7,425	11,370	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	41,600	40,800	41,200	41,600	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	37,600	36,800	37,200	37,600	36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	228,400	...	...	228,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	164,400	...	...	164,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	184,600	...	...	184,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	136,400	...	...	136,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	307,200	...	...	307,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	213,800	...	...	213,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...	103,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	85,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,795	7,355	11,435	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	61,150	63,500	59,650	61,150	63,500	59,650
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,320	50,680	48,440	49,320	50,680	48,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	114,785	53,925	60,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,420	12,080	11,340	20.4	22.4	18.6
0 to 5 years	6,970	3,610	3,360	6.1	6.7	5.5
18 to 64 years	71,420	33,420	38,000	62.2	62.0	62.4
65 years and over	19,945	8,420	11,525	17.4	15.6	18.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,610	5,120	6,490	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,275	1,175	1,105	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	700	360	340	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,670	3,060	3,615	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,665	890	1,775	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1	9.5	10.7	10.1	9.5	10.7
0 to 17 years (%)	9.7	9.7	9.8	9.7	9.7	9.8
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	10.0	10.2	10.0	10.0	10.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	9.2	9.5	9.3	9.2	9.5
65 years and over (%)	13.4	10.6	15.4	13.4	10.6	15.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	114,785	53,930	60,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,420	12,085	11,335	20.4	22.4	18.6
0 to 5 years	6,965	3,610	3,355	6.1	6.7	5.5
18 to 64 years	71,425	33,415	38,005	62.2	62.0	62.4
65 years and over	19,945	8,425	11,520	17.4	15.6	18.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,590	3,585	4,000	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,375	715	660	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	415	215	200	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,265	2,525	2,740	...	...	...
65 years and over	945	345	600	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.6	6.7	6.6	6.6	6.7	6.6
0 to 17 years (%)	5.9	5.9	5.8	5.9	5.9	5.8
0 to 5 years (%)	5.9	5.9	5.9	5.9	5.9	5.9
18 to 64 years (%)	7.4	7.6	7.2	7.4	7.6	7.2
65 years and over (%)	4.8	4.1	5.2	4.8	4.1	5.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	114,785	53,925	60,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	46,160	20,485	25,675	40.2	38.0	42.2
In bottom decile	10,865	4,860	6,005	9.5	9.0	9.9
In second decile	9,280	3,940	5,340	8.1	7.3	8.8
In third decile	8,740	3,810	4,935	7.6	7.1	8.1
In fourth decile	8,655	3,950	4,710	7.5	7.3	7.7
In fifth decile	8,610	3,930	4,685	7.5	7.3	7.7
In top half of the distribution	68,625	33,440	35,180	59.8	62.0	57.8
In sixth decile	8,485	3,935	4,550	7.4	7.3	7.5
In seventh decile	8,465	4,015	4,455	7.4	7.4	7.3
In eighth decile	9,020	4,320	4,700	7.9	8.0	7.7
In ninth decile	11,045	5,375	5,675	9.6	10.0	9.3
In top decile	31,605	15,800	15,805	27.5	29.3	26.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	114,785	...	...	114,785	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.514	...	...	0.514	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.590	...	...	0.590	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.438	...	...	0.438	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	115,025	54,015	61,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	101,070	48,190	52,880	87.9	89.2	86.7
French only	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	11,125	4,760	6,365	9.7	8.8	10.4
Neither English nor French	2,770	1,030	1,740	2.4	1.9	2.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	115,025	54,015	61,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	110,220	52,045	58,175	95.8	96.4	95.4
French	1,285	605	685	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	790	355	430	0.7	0.7	0.7
Neither English nor French	2,730	1,015	1,715	2.4	1.9	2.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	115,025	54,015	61,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,535	51,095	57,435	94.4	94.6	94.1
Official languages	69,655	34,285	35,370	60.6	63.5	58.0
English	68,450	33,720	34,730	59.5	62.4	56.9
French	1,200	565	635	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	38,875	16,810	22,065	33.8	31.1	36.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	38,870	16,810	22,065	33.8	31.1	36.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,090	1,050	1,040	1.8	1.9	1.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	265	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	215	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,820	935	890	1.6	1.7	1.5
Amharic	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	450	245	205	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	920	480	435	0.8	0.9	0.7
Maltese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	765	325	440	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	745	315	430	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	8,025	2,960	5,065	7.0	5.5	8.3
Bikol	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cebuano	255	90	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	230	85	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	940	365	575	0.8	0.7	0.9
Indonesian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,135	2,230	3,905	5.3	4.1	6.4
Waray-Waray	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	395	205	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20,785	9,365	11,425	18.1	17.3	18.7
Albanian	1,070	505	565	0.9	0.9	0.9
Armenian	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,790	1,585	2,205	3.3	2.9	3.6
Baltic languages	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,720	1,565	2,160	3.2	2.9	3.5
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	425	165	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	1,900	775	1,125	1.7	1.4	1.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	760	360	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bosnian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	545	265	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,195	540	655	1.0	1.0	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,015	455	560	0.9	0.8	0.9
German	460	195	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	540	255	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	710	305	405	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indo-Iranian languages	2,640	1,340	1,300	2.3	2.5	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,210	625	585	1.1	1.2	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	360	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,430	715	715	1.2	1.3	1.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	1,345	670	680	1.2	1.2	1.1
Dari	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	1,075	545	535	0.9	1.0	0.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	11,220	5,020	6,200	9.8	9.3	10.2
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,550	1,515	2,040	3.1	2.8	3.3
Portuguese	3,250	1,540	1,710	2.8	2.9	2.8
Romanian	565	245	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Spanish	3,830	1,715	2,115	3.3	3.2	3.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	240	80	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	880	355	525	0.8	0.7	0.9
Mongolian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,590	1,525	2,065	3.1	2.8	3.4
Chinese languages	3,560	1,515	2,045	3.1	2.8	3.4
Hakka	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,880	780	1,100	1.6	1.4	1.8
Min Dong	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,490	655	825	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	605	325	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Azerbaijani	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	545	290	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,050	435	615	0.9	0.8	1.0
Estonian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	945	395	550	0.8	0.7	0.9
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,490	2,920	3,570	5.6	5.4	5.9
English and French	385	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	5,285	2,400	2,890	4.6	4.4	4.7
French and non-official language(s)	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	575	235	340	0.5	0.4	0.6
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	115,025	54,015	61,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	73,185	35,615	37,570	63.6	65.9	61.6
French	300	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Non-official language	10,180	4,430	5,745	8.9	8.2	9.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10,175	4,430	5,745	8.8	8.2	9.4
English and French	1,110	520	595	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	28,350	12,490	15,855	24.6	23.1	26.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	905	390	515	0.8	0.7	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	960	395	565	0.8	0.7	0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	115,025	54,015	61,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,325	51,135	57,190	94.2	94.7	93.7
Official languages	87,215	41,870	45,345	75.8	77.5	74.3
English	86,745	41,635	45,105	75.4	77.1	73.9
French	470	230	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	21,110	9,260	11,845	18.4	17.1	19.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,110	9,265	11,845	18.4	17.2	19.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	960	460	495	0.8	0.9	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	835	410	420	0.7	0.8	0.7
Amharic	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	395	210	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	500	210	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	495	205	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5,130	2,100	3,025	4.5	3.9	5.0
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	170	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	570	245	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,965	1,605	2,360	3.4	3.0	3.9
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,495	4,695	5,805	9.1	8.7	9.5
Albanian	540	260	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Armenian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,895	805	1,090	1.6	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,890	805	1,085	1.6	1.5	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	1,155	465	690	1.0	0.9	1.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	425	205	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	340	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	320	135	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	1,390	680	715	1.2	1.3	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	520	260	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	870	420	450	0.8	0.8	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	825	400	430	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	670	335	335	0.6	0.6	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,105	2,700	3,405	5.3	5.0	5.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,565	595	970	1.4	1.1	1.6
Portuguese	2,015	970	1,045	1.8	1.8	1.7
Romanian	260	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,250	1,015	1,230	2.0	1.9	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	560	240	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,105	940	1,165	1.8	1.7	1.9
Chinese languages	2,090	930	1,155	1.8	1.7	1.9
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,275	570	700	1.1	1.1	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	725	325	400	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	385	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	360	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	440	185	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	425	180	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,695	2,885	3,810	5.8	5.3	6.2
English and French	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	6,280	2,700	3,575	5.5	5.0	5.9
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	115,020	54,015	61,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	89,145	42,570	46,575	77.5	78.8	76.3
English	8,805	3,920	4,885	7.7	7.3	8.0
French	950	435	520	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	12,665	5,585	7,080	11.0	10.3	11.6
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	12,660	5,585	7,075	11.0	10.3	11.6
English and French	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,325	575	750	1.2	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	510	220	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,480	650	825	1.3	1.2	1.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	114,820	53,905	60,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	112,055	52,915	59,135	97.6	98.2	97.1
English	112,030	52,900	59,130	97.6	98.1	97.1
French	11,220	4,755	6,465	9.8	8.8	10.6
Non-official languages	55,890	24,645	31,240	48.7	45.7	51.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55,885	24,640	31,240	48.7	45.7	51.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,380	3,480	3,900	6.4	6.5	6.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	485	180	310	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	370	140	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	6,945	3,315	3,630	6.0	6.1	6.0
Amharic	285	115	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arabic	785	395	390	0.7	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5,705	2,725	2,980	5.0	5.1	4.9
Maltese	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,185	505	680	1.0	0.9	1.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,165	505	660	1.0	0.9	1.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	11,050	4,080	6,970	9.6	7.6	11.4
Bikol	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	305	130	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cebuano	405	140	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	480	190	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Ilocano	1,470	575	895	1.3	1.1	1.5
Indonesian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,670	3,915	6,750	9.3	7.3	11.1
Waray-Waray	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	225	60	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	755	425	330	0.7	0.8	0.5
Kannada	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	480	255	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Telugu	185	120	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	29,480	13,710	15,770	25.7	25.4	25.9
Albanian	1,175	575	605	1.0	1.1	1.0
Armenian	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	4,870	2,135	2,735	4.2	4.0	4.5
Baltic languages	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	4,795	2,115	2,680	4.2	3.9	4.4
Belarusian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	225	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	555	225	330	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian	2,575	1,100	1,470	2.2	2.0	2.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,050	510	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Bosnian	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	290	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbian	860	420	440	0.7	0.8	0.7
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	535	210	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,060	1,610	1,450	2.7	3.0	2.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,685	1,405	1,275	2.3	2.6	2.1
German	1,140	580	560	1.0	1.1	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	1,580	845	735	1.4	1.6	1.2
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	365	205	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afrikaans	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dutch	170	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,225	545	690	1.1	1.0	1.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,855	1,890	1,965	3.4	3.5	3.2
Indo-Aryan languages	2,245	1,120	1,130	2.0	2.1	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	250	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	1,310	675	635	1.1	1.3	1.0
Kacchi	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nepali	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	460	240	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	420	195	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,625	770	850	1.4	1.4	1.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	1,480	710	765	1.3	1.3	1.3
Dari	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian Persian	1,260	625	635	1.1	1.2	1.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	16,260	7,395	8,865	14.2	13.7	14.6
Catalan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5,785	2,590	3,195	5.0	4.8	5.2
Portuguese	4,250	2,050	2,205	3.7	3.8	3.6
Romanian	725	310	415	0.6	0.6	0.7
Spanish	6,635	3,005	3,625	5.8	5.6	6.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	450	170	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	1,040	420	625	0.9	0.8	1.0
Mongolian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	635	290	345	0.6	0.5	0.6
Akan (Twi)	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	190	75	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,330	1,855	2,475	3.8	3.4	4.1
Chinese languages	4,285	1,840	2,450	3.7	3.4	4.0
Hakka	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mandarin	2,655	1,120	1,535	2.3	2.1	2.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,980	895	1,085	1.7	1.7	1.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	790	445	350	0.7	0.8	0.6
Azerbaijani	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kazakh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	730	410	320	0.6	0.8	0.5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,175	485	690	1.0	0.9	1.1
Estonian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	1,075	450	620	0.9	0.8	1.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,820	53,905	60,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	645	300	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	580	275	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Métis	300	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	114,175	53,605	60,570	99.4	99.4	99.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,820	53,905	60,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	245	90	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	114,575	53,815	60,760	99.8	99.8	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	24,520	...	...	53.4	...	...
Renter	21,395	...	...	46.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,700	...	...	18.9	...	...
Not condominium	37,220	...	...	81.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	880	...	...	1.9	...	...
1 bedroom	11,540	...	...	25.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,130	...	...	26.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,190	...	...	22.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,165	...	...	24.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	21,010	...	...	45.8	...	...
5 rooms	5,355	...	...	11.7	...	...
6 rooms	4,010	...	...	8.7	...	...
7 rooms	3,445	...	...	7.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,100	...	...	26.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,610	...	...	95.0	...	...
More than one person per room	2,305	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	40,535	...	...	88.3	...	...
Not suitable	5,380	...	...	11.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	17,900	...	...	39.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,615	...	...	25.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,665	...	...	8.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,795	...	...	8.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,245	...	...	4.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,520	...	...	3.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,220	...	...	4.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,960	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,000	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,910	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,520	...	...	53.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,105	...	...	41.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,290	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	595	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,560	...	...	12.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,040	...	...	17.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,160	...	...	19.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,200	...	...	20.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,055	...	...	15.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,075	...	...	8.9	...	...
85 years and over	2,230	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,625	...	...	71.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,025	...	...	28.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,405	...	...	25.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,850	...	...	41.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,000	...	...	24.0	...	...
Not suitable only	3,850	...	...	8.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,590	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,090	...	...	2.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	875	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	385	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,065	...	...	58.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	7,710	...	...	17.5	...	...
Not in core need	36,325	...	...	82.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,520	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	48.7	...	...	48.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.3	...	...	20.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,418	...	...	2,418	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,510,000	...	...	1,510,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,720,000	...	...	1,720,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,395	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.7	...	...	12.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.0	...	...	38.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.7	...	...	28.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,460	...	...	1,460	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,588	...	...	1,588	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	114,820	53,905	60,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	160	50	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	135	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	610	300	315	0.5	0.6	0.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	580	280	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	385	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	114,040	53,550	60,490	99.3	99.3	99.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	114,820	53,900	60,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	97,795	46,045	51,745	85.2	85.4	84.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,440	11,055	10,385	18.7	20.5	17.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,355	34,995	41,355	66.5	64.9	67.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	17,030	7,860	9,170	14.8	14.6	15.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	114,820	53,900	60,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	65,435	32,505	32,925	57.0	60.3	54.0
Immigrants⁸¹	44,730	19,185	25,540	39.0	35.6	41.9
Before 1980	9,935	4,225	5,710	8.7	7.8	9.4
1980 to 1990	4,930	2,175	2,755	4.3	4.0	4.5
1991 to 2000	7,790	3,220	4,570	6.8	6.0	7.5
2001 to 2010	8,970	3,680	5,290	7.8	6.8	8.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	13,095	5,890	7,205	11.4	10.9	11.8
2011 to 2015	5,900	2,560	3,345	5.1	4.7	5.5
2016 to 2021	7,195	3,325	3,865	6.3	6.2	6.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,660	2,210	2,450	4.1	4.1	4.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	44,725	19,185	25,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,175	1,470	1,705	7.1	7.7	6.7
5 to 14 years	7,525	3,565	3,955	16.8	18.6	15.5
15 to 24 years	8,500	3,745	4,755	19.0	19.5	18.6
25 to 44 years	21,070	8,605	12,470	47.1	44.9	48.8
45 years and over	4,460	1,800	2,655	10.0	9.4	10.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	44,725	19,185	25,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	8,490	3,615	4,870	19.0	18.8	19.1
Brazil	645	280	365	1.4	1.5	1.4
Colombia	485	200	285	1.1	1.0	1.1
El Salvador	185	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	560	225	335	1.3	1.2	1.3
Haiti	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	1,100	415	685	2.5	2.2	2.7
Mexico	520	245	270	1.2	1.3	1.1
Peru	200	65	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	380	140	240	0.8	0.7	0.9
United States of America	2,115	1,005	1,110	4.7	5.2	4.3
Other places of birth in Americas	2,290	950	1,340	5.1	5.0	5.2
Europe	13,385	6,015	7,370	29.9	31.4	28.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	225	95	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Croatia	115	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
France	255	155	95	0.6	0.8	0.4
Germany	420	190	225	0.9	1.0	0.9
Greece	590	255	330	1.3	1.3	1.3
Hungary	585	260	330	1.3	1.4	1.3
Italy	2,645	1,115	1,530	5.9	5.8	6.0
Netherlands	80	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Poland	420	170	250	0.9	0.9	1.0
Portugal	1,730	805	930	3.9	4.2	3.6
Romania	625	250	370	1.4	1.3	1.4
Russian Federation	945	375	570	2.1	2.0	2.2
Serbia⁸⁶	450	215	235	1.0	1.1	0.9
Ukraine	570	200	370	1.3	1.0	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,520	750	775	3.4	3.9	3.0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,230	1,080	1,145	5.0	5.6	4.5
Africa	2,580	1,095	1,485	5.8	5.7	5.8
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egypt	150	75	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Eritrea	195	100	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ethiopia	285	105	185	0.6	0.5	0.7
Morocco	185	60	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
Nigeria	210	75	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
Somalia	210	65	145	0.5	0.3	0.6
South Africa, Republic of	635	320	320	1.4	1.7	1.3
Other places of birth in Africa	680	300	380	1.5	1.6	1.5
Asia	20,145	8,390	11,755	45.0	43.7	46.0
Afghanistan	160	70	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	1,015	535	485	2.3	2.8	1.9
Iraq	85	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	95	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	80	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Turkey	410	240	170	0.9	1.3	0.7
China⁹⁰	1,800	735	1,065	4.0	3.8	4.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	525	260	265	1.2	1.4	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	780	310	470	1.7	1.6	1.8
Taiwan	120	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	10,005	3,810	6,190	22.4	19.9	24.2
Viet Nam	975	415	560	2.2	2.2	2.2
Bangladesh	115	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
India	1,365	665	695	3.1	3.5	2.7
Pakistan	275	140	140	0.6	0.7	0.5
Sri Lanka	265	120	145	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	2,080	865	1,215	4.7	4.5	4.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	7,190	3,330	3,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,255	585	670	17.5	17.6	17.3
Brazil	290	135	150	4.0	4.1	3.9
Colombia	60	25	35	0.8	0.8	0.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	40	40	1.1	1.2	1.0
Mexico	110	45	60	1.5	1.4	1.6
United States of America	320	180	140	4.5	5.4	3.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	145	55	95	2.0	1.7	2.5
Other places of birth in Americas	255	110	150	3.5	3.3	3.9
Europe	925	450	475	12.9	13.5	12.3
France	80	60	20	1.1	1.8	0.5
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Italy	60	30	30	0.8	0.9	0.8
Russian Federation	100	35	65	1.4	1.1	1.7
Ukraine	40	15	25	0.6	0.5	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	85	55	35	1.2	1.7	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	540	245	295	7.5	7.4	7.6
Africa	335	140	195	4.7	4.2	5.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Eritrea	40	25	15	0.6	0.8	0.4
Ethiopia	45	20	25	0.6	0.6	0.6
Morocco	40	10	35	0.6	0.3	0.9
Nigeria	90	35	50	1.3	1.1	1.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	30	40	1.0	0.9	1.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Asia	4,660	2,140	2,520	64.8	64.3	65.2
Afghanistan	45	20	20	0.6	0.6	0.5
Bangladesh	60	30	25	0.8	0.9	0.6
China⁹⁰	335	130	205	4.7	3.9	5.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
India	670	355	320	9.3	10.7	8.3
Iran⁸⁸	170	75	90	2.4	2.3	2.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	115	50	70	1.6	1.5	1.8
Japan	45	10	35	0.6	0.3	0.9
Jordan	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	85	40	40	1.2	1.2	1.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	50	25	25	0.7	0.8	0.6
Philippines	2,655	1,205	1,450	36.9	36.2	37.5
Saudi Arabia	30	25	10	0.4	0.8	0.3
Sri Lanka	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	90	50	35	1.3	1.5	0.9
United Arab Emirates	25	10	20	0.3	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	95	35	60	1.3	1.1	1.6
Other places of birth in Asia	115	35	75	1.6	1.1	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	25	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Australia	20	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	114,820	53,905	60,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	51,465	22,400	29,065	44.8	41.6	47.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	32,720	16,235	16,485	28.5	30.1	27.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	30,635	15,260	15,370	26.7	28.3	25.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	34,790	14,965	19,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	20,960	8,850	12,110	60.2	59.1	61.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,120	3,535	6,585	29.1	23.6	33.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10,835	5,310	5,525	31.1	35.5	27.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	9,335	4,125	5,210	26.8	27.6	26.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,065	1,825	2,240	11.7	12.2	11.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	430	165	265	1.2	1.1	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	34,790	14,965	19,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,465	1,085	1,380	7.1	7.3	7.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	6,190	1,640	4,550	17.8	11.0	22.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	985	480	505	2.8	3.2	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,730	800	1,930	7.8	5.3	9.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	135	50	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	22,295	10,915	11,380	64.1	72.9	57.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	114,820	53,905	60,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	42,260	18,680	23,580	36.8	34.7	38.7
South Asian	4,530	2,325	2,200	3.9	4.3	3.6
Chinese	5,525	2,570	2,955	4.8	4.8	4.9
Black	6,560	2,725	3,835	5.7	5.1	6.3
Filipino	12,465	4,980	7,480	10.9	9.2	12.3
Arab	695	370	325	0.6	0.7	0.5
Latin American	4,515	2,175	2,345	3.9	4.0	3.8
Southeast Asian	1,675	700	980	1.5	1.3	1.6
West Asian	1,570	740	825	1.4	1.4	1.4
Korean	1,290	550	745	1.1	1.0	1.2
Japanese	405	120	280	0.4	0.2	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	900	425	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Multiple visible minorities	2,125	995	1,125	1.9	1.8	1.8
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	72,560	35,225	37,335	63.2	65.3	61.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	114,820	53,905	60,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,030	4,075	3,960	7.0	7.6	6.5
English	10,515	5,350	5,165	9.2	9.9	8.5
Irish	8,560	4,275	4,285	7.5	7.9	7.0
Scottish	8,605	4,355	4,250	7.5	8.1	7.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,950	1,420	1,535	2.6	2.6	2.5
German	4,810	2,440	2,365	4.2	4.5	3.9
Chinese	6,225	2,885	3,335	5.4	5.4	5.5
Italian	9,820	4,595	5,220	8.6	8.5	8.6
Indian (India)	3,290	1,640	1,645	2.9	3.0	2.7
Ukrainian	2,340	1,210	1,135	2.0	2.2	1.9
Dutch	1,405	640	765	1.2	1.2	1.3
Polish	7,295	3,665	3,625	6.4	6.8	6.0
Québécois	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,140	1,600	1,540	2.7	3.0	2.5
Filipino	11,525	4,585	6,940	10.0	8.5	11.4
French Canadian	630	275	355	0.5	0.5	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,560	790	775	1.4	1.5	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Métis	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,685	1,300	1,385	2.3	2.4	2.3
Russian	5,760	2,750	3,005	5.0	5.1	4.9
Norwegian	360	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Welsh	1,060	435	625	0.9	0.8	1.0
Portuguese	3,840	1,880	1,960	3.3	3.5	3.2
American	1,960	960	995	1.7	1.8	1.6
Spanish	2,330	1,015	1,315	2.0	1.9	2.2
Swedish	340	180	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	2,265	1,060	1,205	2.0	2.0	2.0
Acadian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,205	510	695	1.0	0.9	1.1
Jewish	15,415	7,545	7,870	13.4	14.0	12.9
Punjabi	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,420	645	775	1.2	1.2	1.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	330	185	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	1,885	955	930	1.6	1.8	1.5
Jamaican	1,720	800	920	1.5	1.5	1.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,530	685	840	1.3	1.3	1.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	1,315	565	755	1.1	1.0	1.2
Romanian	1,495	670	825	1.3	1.2	1.4
Lebanese	370	195	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iranian	1,115	560	560	1.0	1.0	0.9
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	735	305	435	0.6	0.6	0.7
Danish	270	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	825	405	420	0.7	0.8	0.7
Belgian	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindu	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexican	985	500	490	0.9	0.9	0.8
Mennonite	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	315	120	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Finnish	340	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lankan	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	470	255	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Japanese	615	230	385	0.5	0.4	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	190	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Muslim	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	330	185	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	1,065	505	560	0.9	0.9	0.9
Tamil	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	540	250	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Moroccan	515	230	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
Czech	475	210	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	500	210	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
Afghan	220	80	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	620	220	400	0.5	0.4	0.7
Serbian	925	480	445	0.8	0.9	0.7
Ojibway	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	65	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	260	145	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian	425	245	180	0.4	0.5	0.3
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	390	165	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Turkish	670	385	285	0.6	0.7	0.5
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	140	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algerian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	965	495	465	0.8	0.9	0.8
Nigerian	280	110	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Armenian	355	155	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slovak	320	180	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	1,985	920	1,065	1.7	1.7	1.7
Somali	460	210	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Taiwanese	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	200	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
African Caribbean	405	115	285	0.4	0.2	0.5
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	230	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquin	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	390	170	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lithuanian	705	350	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
South African	645	265	380	0.6	0.5	0.6
Australian	145	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	205	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	185	70	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	345	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peruvian	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	1,305	635	675	1.1	1.2	1.1
Maltese	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	455	230	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slovenian	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	215	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Canadian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	1,575	840	735	1.4	1.6	1.2
Mohawk	45	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	225	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	160	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Barbadian	160	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	270	135	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	235	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	315	125	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bengali	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	515	195	315	0.4	0.4	0.5
Northern Irish	110	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	360	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Franco Ontarian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	160	40	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Byelorussian	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sudanese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nicaraguan	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	225	85	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malayali	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Goan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	145	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tanzanian	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yemeni	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	114,820	53,905	60,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,280	525	755	1.1	1.0	1.2
Christian	55,360	24,280	31,080	48.2	45.0	51.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,310	3,250	4,065	6.4	6.0	6.7
Anabaptist	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	3,225	1,395	1,825	2.8	2.6	3.0
Baptist	675	235	440	0.6	0.4	0.7
Catholic	33,115	14,570	18,545	28.8	27.0	30.4
Christian Orthodox	4,045	1,825	2,220	3.5	3.4	3.6
Jehovah's Witness	380	150	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lutheran	350	135	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	165	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,120	465	660	1.0	0.9	1.1
Presbyterian	910	430	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Reformed	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	2,055	925	1,125	1.8	1.7	1.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,845	760	1,080	1.6	1.4	1.8
Hindu	2,035	1,030	1,010	1.8	1.9	1.7
Jewish	25,520	12,400	13,120	22.2	23.0	21.5
Muslim	3,990	1,965	2,025	3.5	3.6	3.3
Sikh	235	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	655	285	375	0.6	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	25,725	13,275	12,445	22.4	24.6	20.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	113,670	53,365	60,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	102,315	47,785	54,530	90.0	89.5	90.4
Movers	11,350	5,580	5,770	10.0	10.5	9.6
Non-migrants	8,780	4,370	4,410	7.7	8.2	7.3
Migrants	2,575	1,210	1,365	2.3	2.3	2.3
Internal migrants	1,190	540	645	1.0	1.0	1.1
Intraprovincial migrants	955	435	525	0.8	0.8	0.9
Interprovincial migrants	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	1,385	670	720	1.2	1.3	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	108,985	50,920	58,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	73,780	34,100	39,685	67.7	67.0	68.3
Movers	35,205	16,820	18,380	32.3	33.0	31.7
Non-migrants	21,350	9,975	11,375	19.6	19.6	19.6
Migrants	13,850	6,850	7,005	12.7	13.5	12.1
Internal migrants	5,625	2,695	2,930	5.2	5.3	5.0
Intraprovincial migrants	4,460	2,085	2,380	4.1	4.1	4.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,165	610	550	1.1	1.2	0.9
External migrants	8,225	4,155	4,075	7.5	8.2	7.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,710	44,005	51,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,975	6,280	6,700	13.6	14.3	13.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	82,730	37,720	45,005	86.4	85.7	87.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,395	28,305	33,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,995	2,130	1,860	6.5	7.5	5.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,405	26,170	31,235	93.5	92.5	94.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,705	44,005	51,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,045	5,790	6,255	12.6	13.2	12.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,870	10,025	10,845	21.8	22.8	21.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	62,790	28,190	34,600	65.6	64.1	66.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,730	7,715	10,010	18.5	17.5	19.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,990	1,810	1,180	3.1	4.1	2.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,720	920	800	1.8	2.1	1.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,270	890	380	1.3	2.0	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,885	4,815	7,075	12.4	10.9	13.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,850	1,095	1,755	3.0	2.5	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	45,065	20,475	24,590	47.1	46.5	47.6
Bachelor's degree	26,925	11,610	15,315	28.1	26.4	29.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,395	1,535	1,855	3.5	3.5	3.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,850	980	875	1.9	2.2	1.7
Master's degree	11,165	5,400	5,765	11.7	12.3	11.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,730	940	785	1.8	2.1	1.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,400	28,300	33,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,495	1,880	1,610	5.7	6.6	4.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,275	5,295	4,980	16.7	18.7	15.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,630	21,130	26,505	77.6	74.7	80.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,650	5,510	7,140	20.6	19.5	21.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,890	1,170	715	3.1	4.1	2.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,165	660	505	1.9	2.3	1.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	720	510	215	1.2	1.8	0.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,745	3,580	5,165	14.2	12.7	15.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,015	760	1,255	3.3	2.7	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	34,980	15,620	19,365	57.0	55.2	58.5
Bachelor's degree	20,905	9,020	11,885	34.0	31.9	35.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,555	1,105	1,455	4.2	3.9	4.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,395	640	760	2.3	2.3	2.3
Master's degree	8,920	4,260	4,660	14.5	15.1	14.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,200	600	600	2.0	2.1	1.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	95,710	44,005	51,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,915	15,810	17,100	34.4	35.9	33.1
Education	3,935	835	3,100	4.1	1.9	6.0
13. Education	3,935	835	3,100	4.1	1.9	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,960	1,175	1,785	3.1	2.7	3.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230	140	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,730	1,040	1,695	2.9	2.4	3.3
Humanities	4,615	1,635	2,985	4.8	3.7	5.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	545	65	480	0.6	0.1	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	1,225	305	910	1.3	0.7	1.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,155	350	805	1.2	0.8	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115	20	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	555	390	165	0.6	0.9	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	115	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	675	350	330	0.7	0.8	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	160	35	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,535	4,820	6,715	12.1	11.0	13.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	55	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,185	410	780	1.2	0.9	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	760	75	690	0.8	0.2	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	2,995	1,545	1,445	3.1	3.5	2.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	225	75	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,760	435	1,320	1.8	1.0	2.6
45. Social sciences	4,455	2,225	2,230	4.7	5.1	4.3
Business, management and public administration	15,685	7,550	8,135	16.4	17.2	15.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,110	235	875	1.2	0.5	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,565	7,315	7,245	15.2	16.6	14.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,695	1,140	1,560	2.8	2.6	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,235	435	800	1.3	1.0	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	725	315	410	0.8	0.7	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	600	340	260	0.6	0.8	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,095	1,860	1,235	3.2	4.2	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,200	1,405	795	2.3	3.2	1.5
25. Library science	165	10	160	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	620	365	255	0.6	0.8	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	115	80	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,310	5,880	1,425	7.6	13.4	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	860	490	375	0.9	1.1	0.7
14. Engineering	3,505	2,700	805	3.7	6.1	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,135	955	180	1.2	2.2	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	885	855	30	0.9	1.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	625	615	10	0.7	1.4	0.0
48. Precision production	295	265	25	0.3	0.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	665	245	420	0.7	0.6	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	420	115	305	0.4	0.3	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	8,495	2,205	6,295	8.9	5.0	12.2
30.37 Design for human health	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	560	280	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,260	1,535	5,730	7.6	3.5	11.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	630	375	260	0.7	0.9	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,765	840	925	1.8	1.9	1.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,105	375	730	1.2	0.9	1.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	325	210	115	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	325	245	75	0.3	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,395	28,305	33,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,765	7,170	6,590	22.4	25.3	19.9
Education	2,540	510	2,035	4.1	1.8	6.1
13. Education	2,540	510	2,035	4.1	1.8	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,250	895	1,355	3.7	3.2	4.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	110	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,085	780	1,300	3.4	2.8	3.9
Humanities	3,225	1,140	2,080	5.3	4.0	6.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	380	40	340	0.6	0.1	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	815	240	575	1.3	0.8	1.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	875	280	595	1.4	1.0	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	95	0	90	0.2	0.0	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	400	275	125	0.7	1.0	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	440	205	235	0.7	0.7	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,995	3,670	5,330	14.7	13.0	16.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	145	50	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	970	315	650	1.6	1.1	2.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	575	55	525	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	2,340	1,130	1,205	3.8	4.0	3.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	175	70	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,225	310	915	2.0	1.1	2.8
45. Social sciences	3,570	1,740	1,835	5.8	6.1	5.5
Business, management and public administration	12,640	5,965	6,675	20.6	21.1	20.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	790	170	620	1.3	0.6	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,845	5,795	6,050	19.3	20.5	18.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,815	755	1,060	3.0	2.7	3.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	875	320	550	1.4	1.1	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	470	190	275	0.8	0.7	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	390	210	180	0.6	0.7	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,575	1,555	1,015	4.2	5.5	3.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,945	1,240	705	3.2	4.4	2.1
25. Library science	85	0	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	475	275	210	0.8	1.0	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,365	4,230	1,135	8.7	14.9	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	675	365	310	1.1	1.3	0.9
14. Engineering	2,660	1,995	665	4.3	7.0	2.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	835	730	105	1.4	2.6	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	610	580	30	1.0	2.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	410	405	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
48. Precision production	170	160	10	0.3	0.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	505	175	330	0.8	0.6	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	315	75	240	0.5	0.3	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	190	105	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	6,420	1,590	4,830	10.5	5.6	14.6
30.37 Design for human health	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	375	190	180	0.6	0.7	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,545	1,145	4,400	9.0	4.0	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	465	245	215	0.8	0.9	0.6
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,275	635	635	2.1	2.2	1.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	760	270	495	1.2	1.0	1.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	255	165	90	0.4	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	245	195	45	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,395	28,305	33,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,765	7,170	6,590	22.4	25.3	19.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	47,630	21,125	26,505	77.6	74.6	80.1
Location of study inside Canada	31,805	14,420	17,385	51.8	50.9	52.5
Same as province or territory of residence	28,715	12,965	15,750	46.8	45.8	47.6
Different than province or territory of residence	3,090	1,455	1,635	5.0	5.1	4.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	15,830	6,710	9,120	25.8	23.7	27.6
Americas	4,090	1,985	2,105	6.7	7.0	6.4
United States of America	2,395	1,235	1,155	3.9	4.4	3.5
Mexico	320	165	155	0.5	0.6	0.5
Cuba	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	565	260	305	0.9	0.9	0.9
Colombia	195	75	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Peru	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	170	60	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Americas	275	115	160	0.4	0.4	0.5
Europe	3,345	1,595	1,750	5.4	5.6	5.3
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	240	125	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Germany	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	175	75	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	370	170	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ukraine	195	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	855	420	435	1.4	1.5	1.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	120	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbia⁸⁶	175	80	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Europe	770	375	390	1.3	1.3	1.2
Africa	385	185	205	0.6	0.7	0.6
Nigeria	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	140	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	100	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	7,850	2,855	4,985	12.8	10.1	15.1
Iran⁸⁸	350	165	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iraq	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	475	245	230	0.8	0.9	0.7
Lebanon	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	225	105	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
China⁹⁰	510	215	295	0.8	0.8	0.9
Taiwan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japan	90	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	250	85	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
Philippines	4,535	1,400	3,135	7.4	4.9	9.5
Viet Nam	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladesh	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	865	440	420	1.4	1.6	1.3
Pakistan	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	250	90	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Oceania	155	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australia	140	75	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Zealand	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	95,705	44,005	51,700	...	...	...
In the labour force	61,360	30,350	31,010	...	...	...
Employed	53,845	26,950	26,895	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,510	3,395	4,115	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	34,350	13,655	20,695	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.1	69.0	60.0	64.1	69.0	60.0
Employment rate	56.3	61.2	52.0	56.3	61.2	52.0
Unemployment rate	12.2	11.2	13.3	12.2	11.2	13.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	95,710	44,005	51,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,255	14,120	21,135	36.8	32.1	40.9
Worked	60,455	29,885	30,570	63.2	67.9	59.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,180	17,880	15,300	34.7	40.6	29.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,270	12,000	15,270	28.5	27.3	29.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.9	39.5	40.7	41.9	39.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	61,360	30,350	31,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,855	785	1,065	3.0	2.6	3.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	59,500	29,565	29,940	97.0	97.4	96.5
Employee	47,270	22,220	25,050	77.0	73.2	80.8
Permanent position	39,390	18,725	20,665	64.2	61.7	66.6
Temporary position	7,880	3,495	4,385	12.8	11.5	14.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,035	1,270	1,765	4.9	4.2	5.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,845	2,220	2,625	7.9	7.3	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,235	7,340	4,890	19.9	24.2	15.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	61,360	30,350	31,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,855	785	1,065	3.0	2.6	3.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	59,500	29,565	29,940	97.0	97.4	96.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,785	1,235	555	2.9	4.1	1.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,560	5,665	7,895	22.1	18.7	25.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,860	3,475	1,385	7.9	11.4	4.5
3 Health occupations	5,860	1,635	4,230	9.6	5.4	13.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,335	3,395	5,940	15.2	11.2	19.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,625	1,210	1,420	4.3	4.0	4.6
6 Sales and service occupations	13,360	6,130	7,235	21.8	20.2	23.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,940	5,275	670	9.7	17.4	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	310	245	60	0.5	0.8	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,860	1,300	560	3.0	4.3	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	61,360	30,350	31,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,855	785	1,065	3.0	2.6	3.4
All industries¹⁹¹	59,500	29,565	29,940	97.0	97.4	96.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	105	80	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	185	120	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
23 Construction	3,320	2,780	540	5.4	9.2	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	3,315	2,285	1,030	5.4	7.5	3.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,990	1,220	770	3.2	4.0	2.5
44-45 Retail trade	5,550	2,675	2,875	9.0	8.8	9.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,630	1,160	465	2.7	3.8	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	1,675	980	690	2.7	3.2	2.2
52 Finance and insurance	5,335	2,890	2,445	8.7	9.5	7.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,470	1,375	1,090	4.0	4.5	3.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,075	5,230	3,845	14.8	17.2	12.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	400	190	205	0.7	0.6	0.7
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,860	1,425	1,440	4.7	4.7	4.6
61 Educational services	4,780	1,560	3,215	7.8	5.1	10.4
62 Health care and social assistance	7,690	2,095	5,595	12.5	6.9	18.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,135	575	555	1.8	1.9	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	2,710	1,275	1,430	4.4	4.2	4.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,365	780	2,580	5.5	2.6	8.3
91 Public administration	1,850	815	1,030	3.0	2.7	3.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	65,585	32,225	33,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	60,525	29,925	30,605	92.3	92.9	91.7
French	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	575	275	305	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	575	275	305	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	1,100	400	700	1.7	1.2	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,145	1,535	1,615	4.8	4.8	4.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	65,585	32,225	33,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,895	31,910	32,985	98.9	99.0	98.9
Official languages	63,665	31,315	32,355	97.1	97.2	97.0
English	63,405	31,240	32,165	96.7	96.9	96.4
French	265	75	185	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	1,230	595	635	1.9	1.8	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,230	595	635	1.9	1.8	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	665	340	325	1.0	1.1	1.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	530	270	255	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	260	175	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	205	85	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	200	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	685	315	375	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and French	165	55	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	515	260	255	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	65,585	32,225	33,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	61,795	30,480	31,320	94.2	94.6	93.9
English	760	350	410	1.2	1.1	1.2
French	780	295	485	1.2	0.9	1.5
Non-official language	1,805	875	930	2.8	2.7	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,805	875	930	2.8	2.7	2.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	100	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	275	140	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,845	26,950	26,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	21,585	10,365	11,220	40.1	38.5	41.7
Worked outside Canada	265	130	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
No fixed workplace address	4,800	3,190	1,610	8.9	11.8	6.0
Usual place of work	27,195	13,265	13,935	50.5	49.2	51.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	27,195	13,260	13,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,815	10,335	12,485	83.9	77.9	89.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,290	2,885	1,405	15.8	21.8	10.1
Commute to a different province or territory	85	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	32,000	16,455	15,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	18,885	11,315	7,570	59.0	68.8	48.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	16,740	10,500	6,240	52.3	63.8	40.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,145	815	1,330	6.7	5.0	8.6
Public transit	9,185	3,520	5,665	28.7	21.4	36.5
Walked	2,330	830	1,495	7.3	5.0	9.6
Bicycle	380	290	95	1.2	1.8	0.6
Other method	1,215	505	715	3.8	3.1	4.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	32,000	16,455	15,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,755	2,445	3,310	18.0	14.9	21.3
15 to 29 minutes	10,380	5,575	4,805	32.4	33.9	30.9
30 to 44 minutes	9,475	5,210	4,265	29.6	31.7	27.4
45 to 59 minutes	3,520	1,630	1,890	11.0	9.9	12.2
60 minutes and over	2,875	1,595	1,280	9.0	9.7	8.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	32,000	16,455	15,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,405	1,010	390	4.4	6.1	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,160	2,710	1,455	13.0	16.5	9.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,050	3,470	3,575	22.0	21.1	23.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,335	3,910	4,420	26.0	23.8	28.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,370	2,845	3,530	19.9	17.3	22.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,680	2,505	2,175	14.6	15.2	14.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,920	12,340	11,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,165	1,125	1,040	9.1	9.1	9.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,760	11,220	10,545	91.0	90.9	91.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,760	9,155	8,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,745	900	845	9.8	9.8	9.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	895	475	420	5.0	5.2	4.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	850	425	430	4.8	4.6	5.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,020	8,255	7,760	90.2	90.2	90.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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