Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Elgin--Middlesex--LondonMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	126,428	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	115,052	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	50,710	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	48,711	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	50.9	...	...	50.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,482.02	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	126,425	62,535	63,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22,900	11,835	11,070	18.1	18.9	17.3
0 to 4 years	6,855	3,515	3,345	5.4	5.6	5.2
5 to 9 years	7,785	4,040	3,750	6.2	6.5	5.9
10 to 14 years	8,255	4,280	3,975	6.5	6.8	6.2
15 to 64 years	78,300	38,970	39,335	61.9	62.3	61.6
15 to 19 years	7,590	3,890	3,695	6.0	6.2	5.8
20 to 24 years	6,600	3,450	3,150	5.2	5.5	4.9
25 to 29 years	6,660	3,345	3,315	5.3	5.3	5.2
30 to 34 years	7,445	3,675	3,770	5.9	5.9	5.9
35 to 39 years	7,745	3,800	3,945	6.1	6.1	6.2
40 to 44 years	7,600	3,735	3,865	6.0	6.0	6.0
45 to 49 years	7,850	3,915	3,935	6.2	6.3	6.2
50 to 54 years	8,095	3,940	4,150	6.4	6.3	6.5
55 to 59 years	9,635	4,765	4,875	7.6	7.6	7.6
60 to 64 years	9,085	4,440	4,640	7.2	7.1	7.3
65 years and over	25,225	11,730	13,495	20.0	18.8	21.1
65 to 69 years	7,830	3,805	4,020	6.2	6.1	6.3
70 to 74 years	6,910	3,280	3,630	5.5	5.2	5.7
75 to 79 years	4,625	2,215	2,405	3.7	3.5	3.8
80 to 84 years	3,045	1,400	1,640	2.4	2.2	2.6
85 years and over	2,820	1,030	1,790	2.2	1.6	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,700	685	1,015	1.3	1.1	1.6
90 to 94 years	865	300	560	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	230	35	190	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.1	18.9	17.3	18.1	18.9	17.3
15 to 64 years	61.9	62.3	61.6	61.9	62.3	61.6
65 years and over	20.0	18.8	21.1	20.0	18.8	21.1
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	42.0	41.1	42.9	42.0	41.1	42.9
Median age of the population	42.8	41.6	44.0	42.8	41.6	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	48,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	37,610	...	...	77.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,785	...	...	3.7	...	...
Row house	1,705	...	...	3.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	940	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,135	...	...	8.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,095	...	...	4.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	345	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	48,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,760	...	...	24.1	...	...
2 persons	18,020	...	...	37.0	...	...
3 persons	7,355	...	...	15.1	...	...
4 persons	6,875	...	...	14.1	...	...
5 or more persons	4,695	...	...	9.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	124,385	61,535	62,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	103,530	50,700	52,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	63,910	31,930	31,980	61.7	63.0	60.5
Married	53,770	26,870	26,900	51.9	53.0	50.9
Living common-law	10,140	5,060	5,080	9.8	10.0	9.6
Living common law - Never married	6,200	3,115	3,085	6.0	6.1	5.8
Living common law - Separated	715	375	340	0.7	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,860	1,405	1,450	2.8	2.8	2.7
Living common law - Widowed	365	170	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	39,615	18,765	20,850	38.3	37.0	39.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,490	13,490	10,995	23.7	26.6	20.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,935	1,285	1,645	2.8	2.5	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,890	2,505	3,385	5.7	4.9	6.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,305	1,485	4,825	6.1	2.9	9.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	36,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,025	...	...	51.9	...	...
3 persons	7,305	...	...	19.9	...	...
4 persons	6,565	...	...	17.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,790	...	...	10.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	36,680	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	31,480	...	...	85.8	...	...
Married couples	26,415	...	...	72.0	...	...
With children⁶	13,500	...	...	36.8	...	...
Without children	12,915	...	...	35.2	...	...
Common-law couples	5,070	...	...	13.8	...	...
With children⁶	2,070	...	...	5.6	...	...
Without children	2,995	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,200	...	...	14.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,970	...	...	10.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,230	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	124,390	61,535	62,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	107,705	53,775	53,935	86.6	87.4	85.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	62,965	31,445	31,520	50.6	51.1	50.2
Parents in one-parent families	5,195	1,225	3,970	4.2	2.0	6.3
Children⁶	39,545	21,100	18,445	31.8	34.3	29.3
In a two-parent family	31,495	16,710	14,785	25.3	27.2	23.5
In a one-parent family	8,050	4,390	3,655	6.5	7.1	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,680	7,760	8,915	13.4	12.6	14.2
Living alone	11,760	5,315	6,440	9.5	8.6	10.2
Living with other relatives⁷	2,240	950	1,285	1.8	1.5	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	2,685	1,495	1,190	2.2	2.4	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	48,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	32,960	...	...	67.7	...	...
Couple-family households	28,865	...	...	59.3	...	...
With children⁶	14,290	...	...	29.3	...	...
Without children	14,575	...	...	29.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,090	...	...	8.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,250	...	...	2.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	245	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,285	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,210	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	11,760	...	...	24.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	101,515	49,715	51,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,280	48,065	50,210	96.8	96.7	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	48,800	36,800	42,400	48,800	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,350	48,100	50,245	96.9	96.8	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,200	33,600	38,400	43,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,195	44,190	43,995	86.9	88.9	84.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,400	28,000	36,000	44,400	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,615	37,560	34,060	70.5	75.6	65.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,400	30,400	37,600	44,400	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,745	42,930	45,815	87.4	86.4	88.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	7,000	11,200	9,200	7,000	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,135	4,190	4,950	9.0	8.4	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,080	5,480	5,280	5,080	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,295	12,010	12,285	23.9	24.2	23.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,500	8,000	7,500	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	101,555	49,760	51,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,375	48,205	50,170	96.9	96.9	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,250	58,700	44,040	51,250	58,700	44,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,445	48,230	50,215	96.9	96.9	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,360	48,720	38,200	43,360	48,720	38,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,155	44,270	43,890	86.8	89.0	84.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,160	54,550	37,720	46,160	54,550	37,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,625	37,550	34,075	70.5	75.5	65.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,640	52,200	38,400	45,640	52,200	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,975	43,175	45,800	87.6	86.8	88.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,890	9,580	12,130	10,890	9,580	12,130
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,400	4,375	5,025	9.3	8.8	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,395	5,780	6,930	6,395	5,780	6,930
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,445	11,965	12,480	24.1	24.0	24.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,170	7,830	8,490	8,170	7,830	8,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	101,560	49,760	51,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,210	19,620	14,595	33.7	39.4	28.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	65,000	54,800	60,400	65,000	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,400	74,900	62,000	69,400	74,900	62,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,490	12,710	14,780	27.1	25.5	28.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	23,000	16,400	19,000	23,000	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,680	32,960	23,120	27,680	32,960	23,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	85.4	74.8	80.8	85.4	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.8	69.4	59.2	64.8	69.4	59.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	14.6	25.1	19.2	14.6	25.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.6	1.2	0.9	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.7	5.9	4.7	3.7	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.3	4.8	4.0	3.3	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	101,515	49,710	51,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,235	1,645	1,590	3.2	3.3	3.1
With total income	98,275	48,070	50,210	96.8	96.7	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,400	3,070	4,325	7.5	6.4	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	11,795	4,550	7,245	12.0	9.5	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	14,535	5,925	8,610	14.8	12.3	17.1
$30,000 to $39,999	12,545	5,445	7,095	12.8	11.3	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	11,775	5,650	6,125	12.0	11.8	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	10,120	5,180	4,940	10.3	10.8	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	7,880	4,425	3,450	8.0	9.2	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,795	3,390	2,405	5.9	7.1	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,160	2,525	1,635	4.2	5.3	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,205	1,940	1,260	3.3	4.0	2.5
$100,000 and over	9,075	5,955	3,120	9.2	12.4	6.2
$100,000 to $149,999	6,685	4,190	2,495	6.8	8.7	5.0
$150,000 and over	2,385	1,765	620	2.4	3.7	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	101,515	49,710	51,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,165	1,610	1,555	3.1	3.2	3.0
With after-tax income	98,345	48,105	50,245	96.9	96.8	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,855	3,235	4,625	8.0	6.7	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	12,300	4,765	7,535	12.5	9.9	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	16,480	6,765	9,715	16.8	14.1	19.3
$30,000 to $39,999	15,070	6,910	8,160	15.3	14.4	16.2
$40,000 to $49,999	14,000	7,085	6,915	14.2	14.7	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	10,710	5,855	4,850	10.9	12.2	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	7,330	4,285	3,040	7.5	8.9	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,880	2,955	1,925	5.0	6.1	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,755	2,115	1,635	3.8	4.4	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,000	1,280	720	2.0	2.7	1.4
$100,000 and over	3,965	2,850	1,120	4.0	5.9	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,185	1,540	645	2.2	3.2	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,785	1,310	470	1.8	2.7	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	101,515	49,710	51,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,900	12,155	17,745	29.5	24.5	34.3
With employment income	71,620	37,560	34,055	70.6	75.6	65.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,850	5,480	5,370	15.1	14.6	15.8
$5,000 to $9,999	5,310	2,210	3,095	7.4	5.9	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	8,330	3,560	4,770	11.6	9.5	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,615	2,945	3,675	9.2	7.8	10.8
$30,000 to $39,999	6,460	3,135	3,325	9.0	8.3	9.8
$40,000 to $49,999	6,765	3,400	3,360	9.4	9.1	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,195	3,470	2,730	8.6	9.2	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,110	3,070	2,035	7.1	8.2	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,795	2,355	1,440	5.3	6.3	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,940	1,840	1,100	4.1	4.9	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,560	1,525	1,040	3.6	4.1	3.1
$100,000 and over	6,695	4,575	2,120	9.3	12.2	6.2
$100,000 to $124,999	3,730	2,320	1,410	5.2	6.2	4.1
$125,000 and over	2,965	2,250	710	4.1	6.0	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	101,515	49,715	51,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,345	47,070	49,275	94.9	94.7	95.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,000	34,400	40,800	48,000	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,385	47,075	49,315	94.9	94.7	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,400	31,800	36,800	42,400	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,990	43,620	43,370	85.7	87.7	83.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	45,600	30,200	37,600	45,600	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,455	37,380	34,070	70.4	75.2	65.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,000	32,400	38,800	46,000	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,250	40,610	43,640	83.0	81.7	84.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,520	1,450	7,400	4,520	1,450	7,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,740	3,465	4,280	7.6	7.0	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	4,520	5,640	5,120	4,520	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	101,555	49,760	51,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,380	47,185	49,195	94.9	94.8	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200	57,100	41,640	49,200	57,100	41,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,430	47,185	49,245	95.0	94.8	95.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,640	47,400	36,120	41,640	47,400	36,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,150	43,735	43,415	85.8	87.9	83.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,520	55,200	37,800	46,520	55,200	37,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,400	37,250	34,150	70.3	74.9	65.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,080	52,900	38,640	46,080	52,900	38,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,440	41,005	43,440	83.1	82.4	83.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,150	6,860	9,380	8,150	6,860	9,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,990	3,500	4,490	7.9	7.0	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,660	5,490	7,580	6,660	5,490	7,580
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	101,560	49,760	51,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,915	19,415	14,490	33.4	39.0	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	63,600	51,600	58,400	63,600	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,900	71,500	58,350	65,900	71,500	58,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,870	11,970	13,895	25.5	24.1	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	30,800	21,000	24,800	30,800	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,000	39,800	27,120	33,000	39,800	27,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	89.6	80.2	85.4	89.6	80.2
Employment income (%)	69.4	73.2	64.4	69.4	73.2	64.4
Government transfers (%)	14.5	10.4	19.9	14.5	10.4	19.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.7	1.1	0.7	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	48,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	36,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,500	...	...	103,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,700	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,560	...	...	50,560	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,240	...	...	43,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	36,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,400	...	...	120,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,800	...	...	101,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	48,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	450	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	820	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,465	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,535	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,365	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,685	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,685	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,730	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,630	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,510	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,490	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,310	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,070	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,540	...	...	42.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,420	...	...	13.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,645	...	...	9.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,430	...	...	11.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,050	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	48,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	325	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	465	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	850	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,555	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,795	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,630	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,875	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,025	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,050	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,335	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,160	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,100	...	...	8.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,850	...	...	7.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,320	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,200	...	...	33.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,485	...	...	13.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,110	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,605	...	...	11.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	36,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,725	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,700	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,780	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,440	6,810	7,630	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	43,200	37,200	40,000	43,200	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	38,400	34,400	36,400	38,400	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	36,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,400	...	...	120,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,800	...	...	101,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,300	...	...	104,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,400	...	...	87,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,200	...	...	147,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	123,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,725	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,300	...	...	80,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,200	...	...	71,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,485	6,900	7,595	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,280	52,100	44,840	48,280	52,100	44,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,480	44,000	39,200	41,480	44,000	39,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	124,390	61,535	62,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,540	14,230	13,305	22.1	23.1	21.2
0 to 5 years	8,410	4,300	4,105	6.8	7.0	6.5
18 to 64 years	72,850	35,970	36,880	58.6	58.5	58.7
65 years and over	23,995	11,330	12,665	19.3	18.4	20.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,765	5,015	5,750	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,670	1,390	1,275	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	925	470	455	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,430	2,605	2,825	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,670	1,020	1,645	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.7	8.2	9.2	8.7	8.2	9.2
0 to 17 years (%)	9.7	9.8	9.6	9.7	9.8	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	11.0	11.0	11.1	11.0	11.0	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	7.5	7.2	7.7	7.5	7.2	7.7
65 years and over (%)	11.1	9.0	13.0	11.1	9.0	13.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	124,390	61,535	62,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,535	14,235	13,305	22.1	23.1	21.2
0 to 5 years	8,405	4,300	4,105	6.8	7.0	6.5
18 to 64 years	72,850	35,970	36,880	58.6	58.5	58.7
65 years and over	24,000	11,335	12,670	19.3	18.4	20.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,400	1,755	1,645	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	725	395	335	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	245	120	130	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,345	1,220	1,125	...	...	...
65 years and over	325	145	185	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.7	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.9	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.8	3.2	3.0	2.8	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	124,390	61,535	62,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	61,205	29,520	31,685	49.2	48.0	50.4
In bottom decile	9,075	4,350	4,720	7.3	7.1	7.5
In second decile	11,690	5,435	6,250	9.4	8.8	9.9
In third decile	12,950	6,220	6,725	10.4	10.1	10.7
In fourth decile	13,570	6,605	6,970	10.9	10.7	11.1
In fifth decile	13,920	6,905	7,020	11.2	11.2	11.2
In top half of the distribution	63,185	32,015	31,165	50.8	52.0	49.6
In sixth decile	13,840	6,950	6,895	11.1	11.3	11.0
In seventh decile	13,600	6,860	6,740	10.9	11.1	10.7
In eighth decile	13,180	6,705	6,475	10.6	10.9	10.3
In ninth decile	12,660	6,435	6,230	10.2	10.5	9.9
In top decile	9,900	5,070	4,830	8.0	8.2	7.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	124,390	...	...	124,390	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.416	...	...	0.416	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...	0.266	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	124,920	61,785	63,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	118,155	58,935	59,220	94.6	95.4	93.8
French only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,700	2,380	3,320	4.6	3.9	5.3
Neither English nor French	1,030	455	580	0.8	0.7	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	124,920	61,785	63,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	122,740	60,775	61,965	98.3	98.4	98.2
French	1,020	500	515	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	1,000	440	560	0.8	0.7	0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	124,920	61,785	63,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	122,505	60,580	61,920	98.1	98.0	98.1
Official languages	106,145	52,600	53,545	85.0	85.1	84.8
English	105,050	52,080	52,970	84.1	84.3	83.9
French	1,100	520	575	0.9	0.8	0.9
Non-official languages	16,355	7,980	8,375	13.1	12.9	13.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,345	7,975	8,375	13.1	12.9	13.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,245	645	600	1.0	1.0	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,240	645	595	1.0	1.0	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,055	550	510	0.8	0.9	0.8
Aramaic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	290	145	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	325	125	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	275	110	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	175	100	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,360	6,525	6,830	10.7	10.6	10.8
Albanian	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,585	775	810	1.3	1.3	1.3
Baltic languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,530	740	790	1.2	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	645	315	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	435	220	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	7,945	3,860	4,080	6.4	6.2	6.5
Frisian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,835	1,860	1,975	3.1	3.0	3.1
German	3,610	1,735	1,875	2.9	2.8	3.0
Pennsylvania German	190	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Swiss German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	4,050	1,970	2,080	3.2	3.2	3.3
Afrikaans	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	1,120	530	585	0.9	0.9	0.9
Low German, n.o.s.	370	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low Saxon	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plautdietsch	2,310	1,125	1,190	1.8	1.8	1.9
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,405	695	710	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,175	585	585	0.9	0.9	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	645	320	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	230	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,160	1,070	1,085	1.7	1.7	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	430	230	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	795	400	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	820	395	430	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	150	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	325	145	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	315	135	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	230	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	210	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,415	1,200	1,215	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and French	380	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,830	925	910	1.5	1.5	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	124,920	61,785	63,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	109,720	54,440	55,280	87.8	88.1	87.6
French	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	4,010	1,970	2,045	3.2	3.2	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,010	1,970	2,045	3.2	3.2	3.2
English and French	800	345	455	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	9,740	4,740	5,000	7.8	7.7	7.9
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	300	125	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	124,920	61,785	63,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	122,935	60,830	62,100	98.4	98.5	98.4
Official languages	115,835	57,335	58,495	92.7	92.8	92.7
English	115,580	57,220	58,365	92.5	92.6	92.5
French	250	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	7,095	3,500	3,600	5.7	5.7	5.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,100	3,495	3,600	5.7	5.7	5.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	590	285	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	590	285	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	495	240	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,640	2,785	2,855	4.5	4.5	4.5
Albanian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	525	255	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	525	255	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,310	1,630	1,680	2.6	2.6	2.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,885	945	940	1.5	1.5	1.5
German	1,705	850	855	1.4	1.4	1.4
Pennsylvania German	175	95	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,420	685	735	1.1	1.1	1.2
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low Saxon	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	1,090	520	570	0.9	0.8	0.9
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	960	485	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	850	430	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	500	260	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	180	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	780	385	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	445	220	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,985	950	1,030	1.6	1.5	1.6
English and French	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,825	885	940	1.5	1.4	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	124,920	61,785	63,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	115,635	57,320	58,315	92.6	92.8	92.4
English	2,705	1,330	1,375	2.2	2.2	2.2
French	670	300	375	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	5,040	2,415	2,625	4.0	3.9	4.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,025	2,405	2,615	4.0	3.9	4.1
English and French	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	290	155	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	185	70	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	365	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	124,425	61,545	62,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	123,340	61,060	62,280	99.1	99.2	99.0
English	123,285	61,025	62,255	99.1	99.2	99.0
French	5,670	2,315	3,355	4.6	3.8	5.3
Non-official languages	20,915	10,110	10,805	16.8	16.4	17.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,890	10,105	10,785	16.8	16.4	17.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,175	1,135	1,045	1.7	1.8	1.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,170	1,125	1,045	1.7	1.8	1.7
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,945	1,020	925	1.6	1.7	1.5
Aramaic languages	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	345	150	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	185	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	170	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	425	150	275	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	395	145	250	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	16,490	8,000	8,485	13.3	13.0	13.5
Albanian	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,835	845	990	1.5	1.4	1.6
Baltic languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	1,765	820	950	1.4	1.3	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	785	315	470	0.6	0.5	0.7
Russian	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	530	290	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bosnian	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	370	225	145	0.3	0.4	0.2
Serbian	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	175	65	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	9,350	4,630	4,720	7.5	7.5	7.5
Frisian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	4,995	2,440	2,555	4.0	4.0	4.1
German	4,785	2,325	2,460	3.8	3.8	3.9
Pennsylvania German	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swiss German	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	4,665	2,365	2,300	3.7	3.8	3.7
Afrikaans	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	1,225	595	630	1.0	1.0	1.0
Low German, n.o.s.	370	195	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low Saxon	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plautdietsch	2,880	1,470	1,415	2.3	2.4	2.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	130	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Scandinavian languages	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	185	100	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,865	955	910	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,570	805	775	1.3	1.3	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hindi	680	370	315	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	790	455	340	0.6	0.7	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	565	240	330	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,785	1,855	1,930	3.0	3.0	3.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	695	315	380	0.6	0.5	0.6
Portuguese	990	460	530	0.8	0.7	0.8
Romanian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,115	1,070	1,045	1.7	1.7	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	205	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	425	185	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	425	185	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	265	110	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	124,420	61,540	62,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,425	1,195	1,230	1.9	1.9	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,340	1,165	1,175	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,655	800	850	1.3	1.3	1.4
Métis	640	340	295	0.5	0.6	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	122,000	60,350	61,645	98.1	98.1	98.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	124,420	61,540	62,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	980	455	520	0.8	0.7	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	123,440	61,085	62,355	99.2	99.3	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	37,575	...	...	77.2	...	...
Renter	11,115	...	...	22.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,180	...	...	4.5	...	...
Not condominium	46,510	...	...	95.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	3,725	...	...	7.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,060	...	...	20.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	20,080	...	...	41.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,725	...	...	30.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,325	...	...	15.0	...	...
5 rooms	6,195	...	...	12.7	...	...
6 rooms	7,660	...	...	15.7	...	...
7 rooms	7,685	...	...	15.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,820	...	...	40.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,150	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	545	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	47,140	...	...	96.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,555	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	15,260	...	...	31.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,775	...	...	22.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,570	...	...	9.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,645	...	...	9.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,735	...	...	5.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,105	...	...	6.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,110	...	...	6.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,495	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	46,065	...	...	94.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,630	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,830	...	...	46.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	24,255	...	...	49.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,605	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	785	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,490	...	...	11.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,935	...	...	16.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,795	...	...	18.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,575	...	...	21.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,640	...	...	17.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,870	...	...	10.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,605	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	47,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,175	...	...	82.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,150	...	...	17.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,595	...	...	16.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,575	...	...	23.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,525	...	...	15.5	...	...
Not suitable only	1,290	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,005	...	...	4.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	485	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,120	...	...	76.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,070	...	...	6.6	...	...
Not in core need	43,700	...	...	93.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	36,380	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.8	...	...	61.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.5	...	...	11.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,382	...	...	1,382	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	574,000	...	...	574,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,025	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.9	...	...	13.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.0	...	...	36.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.8	...	...	18.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,144	...	...	1,144	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	124,425	61,545	62,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	780	365	410	0.6	0.6	0.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	760	370	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	650	315	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis single ancestry	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,870	1,425	1,440	2.3	2.3	2.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,830	1,405	1,425	2.3	2.3	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,140	1,030	1,110	1.7	1.7	1.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	635	345	295	0.5	0.6	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	120,785	59,755	61,030	97.1	97.1	97.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	124,425	61,545	62,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	121,155	60,025	61,130	97.4	97.5	97.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	27,045	13,965	13,080	21.7	22.7	20.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	94,110	46,060	48,050	75.6	74.8	76.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,275	1,520	1,750	2.6	2.5	2.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	124,425	61,545	62,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	107,015	53,210	53,805	86.0	86.5	85.6
Immigrants⁸¹	16,975	8,080	8,890	13.6	13.1	14.1
Before 1980	6,345	3,215	3,130	5.1	5.2	5.0
1980 to 1990	2,505	1,145	1,355	2.0	1.9	2.2
1991 to 2000	2,520	1,130	1,390	2.0	1.8	2.2
2001 to 2010	2,665	1,205	1,455	2.1	2.0	2.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,930	1,380	1,555	2.4	2.2	2.5
2011 to 2015	1,450	660	785	1.2	1.1	1.2
2016 to 2021	1,485	720	765	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	440	255	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	16,975	8,080	8,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,625	1,355	1,270	15.5	16.8	14.3
5 to 14 years	4,125	2,035	2,095	24.3	25.2	23.6
15 to 24 years	3,985	1,805	2,185	23.5	22.3	24.6
25 to 44 years	5,420	2,535	2,885	31.9	31.4	32.5
45 years and over	815	355	455	4.8	4.4	5.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	16,975	8,080	8,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,285	2,465	2,825	31.1	30.5	31.8
Brazil	90	30	60	0.5	0.4	0.7
Colombia	220	85	135	1.3	1.1	1.5
El Salvador	70	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	110	55	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	270	130	140	1.6	1.6	1.6
Mexico	3,050	1,485	1,560	18.0	18.4	17.5
Peru	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	130	65	65	0.8	0.8	0.7
United States of America	870	400	475	5.1	5.0	5.3
Other places of birth in Americas	460	180	280	2.7	2.2	3.1
Europe	6,935	3,420	3,520	40.9	42.3	39.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	105	65	35	0.6	0.8	0.4
Croatia	210	115	95	1.2	1.4	1.1
France	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Germany	505	230	270	3.0	2.8	3.0
Greece	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hungary	120	50	70	0.7	0.6	0.8
Italy	355	205	150	2.1	2.5	1.7
Netherlands	1,045	555	490	6.2	6.9	5.5
Poland	570	225	345	3.4	2.8	3.9
Portugal	515	260	255	3.0	3.2	2.9
Romania	155	75	80	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian Federation	65	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	45	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Ukraine	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,285	1,115	1,170	13.5	13.8	13.2
Other places of birth in Europe	830	405	425	4.9	5.0	4.8
Africa	550	295	255	3.2	3.7	2.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	65	50	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	115	65	45	0.7	0.8	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	50	60	0.6	0.6	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	220	100	120	1.3	1.2	1.3
Asia	4,130	1,880	2,255	24.3	23.3	25.4
Afghanistan	75	40	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	65	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iraq	370	175	190	2.2	2.2	2.1
Lebanon	240	120	125	1.4	1.5	1.4
Syria⁸⁹	190	95	100	1.1	1.2	1.1
Turkey	45	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
China⁹⁰	245	95	150	1.4	1.2	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	90	30	60	0.5	0.4	0.7
Taiwan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	355	120	235	2.1	1.5	2.6
Viet Nam	130	60	65	0.8	0.7	0.7
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
India	930	455	475	5.5	5.6	5.3
Pakistan	315	150	170	1.9	1.9	1.9
Sri Lanka	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	935	415	515	5.5	5.1	5.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65	30	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,485	715	765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	510	265	245	34.3	37.1	32.0
Brazil	25	10	15	1.7	1.4	2.0
Colombia	20	0	20	1.3	0.0	2.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	55	20	4.7	7.7	2.6
Mexico	240	140	100	16.2	19.6	13.1
United States of America	135	55	80	9.1	7.7	10.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	1.0	1.4	1.3
Europe	140	50	85	9.4	7.0	11.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	0	15	1.7	0.0	2.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	15	1.3	1.4	2.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	20	20	3.0	2.8	2.6
Other places of birth in Europe	40	10	30	2.7	1.4	3.9
Africa	65	30	30	4.4	4.2	3.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	0	1.3	2.1	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	15	1.3	1.4	2.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	770	365	405	51.9	51.0	52.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	275	150	120	18.5	21.0	15.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	60	25	35	4.0	3.5	4.6
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	15	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.3
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	45	10	35	3.0	1.4	4.6
Philippines	50	20	30	3.4	2.8	3.9
Saudi Arabia	60	20	35	4.0	2.8	4.6
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	140	80	55	9.4	11.2	7.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	35	15	25	2.4	2.1	3.3
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	35	15	15	2.4	2.1	2.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	124,425	61,545	62,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	19,175	9,270	9,905	15.4	15.1	15.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	25,370	12,825	12,545	20.4	20.8	20.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	79,885	39,450	40,435	64.2	64.1	64.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,625	4,865	5,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,135	1,900	2,235	38.9	39.1	38.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,415	885	530	13.3	18.2	9.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,715	1,015	1,705	25.6	20.9	29.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,095	1,800	2,300	38.5	37.0	39.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,205	1,085	1,120	20.8	22.3	19.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	190	85	105	1.8	1.7	1.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,625	4,865	5,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	725	345	375	6.8	7.1	6.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	975	565	410	9.2	11.6	7.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	295	150	140	2.8	3.1	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	560	210	350	5.3	4.3	6.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	270	135	140	2.5	2.8	2.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,800	3,455	4,345	73.4	71.0	75.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	124,420	61,540	62,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,190	4,900	5,285	8.2	8.0	8.4
South Asian	2,320	1,150	1,170	1.9	1.9	1.9
Chinese	625	285	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Black	1,815	875	940	1.5	1.4	1.5
Filipino	640	255	385	0.5	0.4	0.6
Arab	2,110	1,100	1,005	1.7	1.8	1.6
Latin American	950	415	535	0.8	0.7	0.9
Southeast Asian	585	285	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
West Asian	300	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	165	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japanese	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	280	155	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	315	145	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	114,240	56,645	57,590	91.8	92.0	91.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	124,425	61,545	62,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	23,040	11,500	11,540	18.5	18.7	18.4
English	35,850	17,395	18,460	28.8	28.3	29.4
Irish	22,735	10,795	11,945	18.3	17.5	19.0
Scottish	25,775	12,325	13,445	20.7	20.0	21.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,745	4,075	4,670	7.0	6.6	7.4
German	16,845	8,345	8,495	13.5	13.6	13.5
Chinese	785	365	420	0.6	0.6	0.7
Italian	3,870	1,925	1,935	3.1	3.1	3.1
Indian (India)	1,355	680	675	1.1	1.1	1.1
Ukrainian	2,280	1,095	1,185	1.8	1.8	1.9
Dutch	11,710	6,145	5,570	9.4	10.0	8.9
Polish	3,380	1,595	1,785	2.7	2.6	2.8
Québécois	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,335	2,550	2,785	4.3	4.1	4.4
Filipino	685	290	400	0.6	0.5	0.6
French Canadian	1,215	510	710	1.0	0.8	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,860	980	875	1.5	1.6	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,460	740	720	1.2	1.2	1.1
Métis	790	410	375	0.6	0.7	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,730	890	840	1.4	1.4	1.3
Russian	1,735	835	900	1.4	1.4	1.4
Norwegian	525	215	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
Welsh	2,245	1,080	1,170	1.8	1.8	1.9
Portuguese	1,910	890	1,015	1.5	1.4	1.6
American	1,720	870	845	1.4	1.4	1.3
Spanish	575	265	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Swedish	605	275	335	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hungarian	2,340	1,080	1,260	1.9	1.8	2.0
Acadian	280	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	340	150	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	445	245	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	135	90	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	245	145	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	275	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	705	370	335	0.6	0.6	0.5
Greek	535	285	245	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	470	230	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	180	65	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	925	505	420	0.7	0.8	0.7
Lebanese	770	420	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Iranian	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	745	330	405	0.6	0.5	0.6
Danish	730	370	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	535	260	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	480	225	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belgian	2,240	1,170	1,075	1.8	1.9	1.7
Haitian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	3,535	1,825	1,710	2.8	3.0	2.7
Mennonite	4,535	2,290	2,240	3.6	3.7	3.6
Swiss	850	400	450	0.7	0.6	0.7
Finnish	295	155	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sri Lankan	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	755	370	380	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	285	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	135	105	30	0.1	0.2	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	95	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	105	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	425	195	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Syrian	260	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	375	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway	260	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	190	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	760	345	415	0.6	0.6	0.7
Persian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	445	255	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	240	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	240	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	325	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
South African	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	450	225	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chilean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	555	295	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
Macedonian	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovenian	185	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	135	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	300	155	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	85	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	145	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	210	90	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Malaysian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	124,425	61,540	62,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	315	140	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Christian	73,470	34,710	38,760	59.0	56.4	61.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	15,300	7,535	7,770	12.3	12.2	12.4
Anabaptist	3,490	1,745	1,740	2.8	2.8	2.8
Anglican	5,175	2,260	2,915	4.2	3.7	4.6
Baptist	4,115	1,845	2,270	3.3	3.0	3.6
Catholic	22,280	10,580	11,700	17.9	17.2	18.6
Christian Orthodox	695	315	380	0.6	0.5	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	665	270	395	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	1,105	495	615	0.9	0.8	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,260	550	710	1.0	0.9	1.1
Presbyterian	2,810	1,300	1,510	2.3	2.1	2.4
Reformed	1,385	755	630	1.1	1.2	1.0
United Church	10,800	4,950	5,850	8.7	8.0	9.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,935	1,875	2,055	3.2	3.0	3.3
Hindu	615	315	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	3,185	1,605	1,580	2.6	2.6	2.5
Sikh	535	315	220	0.4	0.5	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	500	200	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	45,660	24,200	21,460	36.7	39.3	34.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	123,220	60,930	62,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	110,425	54,725	55,700	89.6	89.8	89.4
Movers	12,800	6,205	6,595	10.4	10.2	10.6
Non-migrants	5,975	2,900	3,075	4.8	4.8	4.9
Migrants	6,820	3,305	3,515	5.5	5.4	5.6
Internal migrants	6,400	3,140	3,265	5.2	5.2	5.2
Intraprovincial migrants	6,165	3,020	3,145	5.0	5.0	5.0
Interprovincial migrants	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	420	170	250	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	117,615	58,030	59,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	72,090	35,995	36,095	61.3	62.0	60.6
Movers	45,525	22,035	23,485	38.7	38.0	39.4
Non-migrants	15,725	7,575	8,150	13.4	13.1	13.7
Migrants	29,800	14,455	15,345	25.3	24.9	25.8
Internal migrants	28,070	13,650	14,420	23.9	23.5	24.2
Intraprovincial migrants	26,715	12,975	13,740	22.7	22.4	23.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,350	675	680	1.1	1.2	1.1
External migrants	1,730	805	925	1.5	1.4	1.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	101,555	49,760	51,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,765	11,750	10,015	21.4	23.6	19.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	79,790	38,005	41,785	78.6	76.4	80.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,445	31,180	32,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,860	5,280	3,580	14.0	16.9	11.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,580	25,900	28,685	86.0	83.1	88.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	101,555	49,755	51,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,590	10,325	9,270	19.3	20.8	17.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,895	15,715	15,180	30.4	31.6	29.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,070	23,720	27,345	50.3	47.7	52.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,565	16,955	17,605	34.0	34.1	34.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,455	5,000	1,465	6.4	10.0	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,830	1,810	1,025	2.8	3.6	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,625	3,190	440	3.6	6.4	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	26,595	11,270	15,325	26.2	22.7	29.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,510	690	820	1.5	1.4	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,505	6,760	9,740	16.3	13.6	18.8
Bachelor's degree	11,615	4,585	7,030	11.4	9.2	13.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,270	500	770	1.3	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	510	295	220	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	2,725	1,155	1,570	2.7	2.3	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	380	225	155	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,445	31,180	32,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,720	4,560	3,155	12.2	14.6	9.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,690	9,500	8,190	27.9	30.5	25.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,040	17,120	20,920	60.0	54.9	64.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,345	12,165	13,180	39.9	39.0	40.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,320	3,305	1,020	6.8	10.6	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,890	1,195	690	3.0	3.8	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,435	2,105	325	3.8	6.8	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,015	8,420	11,600	31.5	27.0	36.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,005	445	560	1.6	1.4	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,695	4,955	7,740	20.0	15.9	24.0
Bachelor's degree	8,905	3,410	5,490	14.0	10.9	17.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	985	370	620	1.6	1.2	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	400	190	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	2,145	835	1,310	3.4	2.7	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	260	155	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	101,555	49,755	51,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	50,485	26,040	24,450	49.7	52.3	47.2
Education	2,875	690	2,190	2.8	1.4	4.2
13. Education	2,875	690	2,190	2.8	1.4	4.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,470	575	895	1.4	1.2	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	140	25	0.2	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,300	435	865	1.3	0.9	1.7
Humanities	2,190	910	1,280	2.2	1.8	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	20	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	475	130	345	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	545	215	335	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	345	220	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	340	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	115	15	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,255	1,660	4,595	6.2	3.3	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	370	175	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,805	105	1,700	1.8	0.2	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	810	185	625	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,070	285	775	1.1	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,995	865	1,135	2.0	1.7	2.2
Business, management and public administration	9,025	3,300	5,730	8.9	6.6	11.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,015	155	855	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,000	3,145	4,855	7.9	6.3	9.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,315	545	765	1.3	1.1	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	645	260	385	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310	115	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	200	140	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,545	960	585	1.5	1.9	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,135	795	340	1.1	1.6	0.7
25. Library science	125	25	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	275	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,835	10,215	620	10.7	20.5	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	335	245	90	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,065	885	185	1.0	1.8	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,555	2,355	205	2.5	4.7	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,105	2,080	30	2.1	4.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,140	3,095	55	3.1	6.2	0.1
48. Precision production	1,625	1,560	70	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,910	1,315	590	1.9	2.6	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,590	1,095	495	1.6	2.2	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	315	225	95	0.3	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	10,005	1,625	8,380	9.9	3.3	16.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	860	360	495	0.8	0.7	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,990	1,190	7,800	8.9	2.4	15.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,635	1,910	1,720	3.6	3.8	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,625	365	1,265	1.6	0.7	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,270	880	390	1.3	1.8	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	705	650	55	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	63,445	31,180	32,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,405	14,065	11,345	40.0	45.1	35.2
Education	2,005	450	1,555	3.2	1.4	4.8
13. Education	2,005	450	1,555	3.2	1.4	4.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,030	380	645	1.6	1.2	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	80	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	935	300	635	1.5	1.0	2.0
Humanities	1,485	615	870	2.3	2.0	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	315	70	240	0.5	0.2	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	415	175	240	0.7	0.6	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	80	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	195	135	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	235	110	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,945	1,170	3,775	7.8	3.8	11.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	315	140	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,510	85	1,425	2.4	0.3	4.4
22. Legal professions and studies	675	110	565	1.1	0.4	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	775	175	600	1.2	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,510	625	885	2.4	2.0	2.7
Business, management and public administration	6,865	2,420	4,450	10.8	7.8	13.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	855	100	755	1.3	0.3	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,010	2,320	3,690	9.5	7.4	11.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	925	385	540	1.5	1.2	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	465	205	260	0.7	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	65	155	0.3	0.2	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	145	95	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,200	760	440	1.9	2.4	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	945	650	290	1.5	2.1	0.9
25. Library science	95	25	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,920	7,370	550	12.5	23.6	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	265	175	90	0.4	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	850	685	165	1.3	2.2	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,940	1,760	175	3.1	5.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,480	1,450	30	2.3	4.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,260	2,220	40	3.6	7.1	0.1
48. Precision production	1,125	1,080	45	1.8	3.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,390	900	490	2.2	2.9	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,145	735	410	1.8	2.4	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	240	165	80	0.4	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	7,390	1,170	6,225	11.6	3.8	19.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	650	265	380	1.0	0.8	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,610	840	5,770	10.4	2.7	17.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,865	1,490	1,365	4.5	4.8	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,245	275	975	2.0	0.9	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,050	705	350	1.7	2.3	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	550	510	40	0.9	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	63,445	31,180	32,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,405	14,065	11,345	40.0	45.1	35.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,040	17,120	20,920	60.0	54.9	64.8
Location of study inside Canada	34,875	15,700	19,175	55.0	50.4	59.4
Same as province or territory of residence	33,655	15,085	18,565	53.0	48.4	57.5
Different than province or territory of residence	1,215	610	605	1.9	2.0	1.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,170	1,415	1,750	5.0	4.5	5.4
Americas	1,100	495	605	1.7	1.6	1.9
United States of America	800	385	420	1.3	1.2	1.3
Mexico	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	825	400	425	1.3	1.3	1.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	85	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romania	40	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	330	155	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,045	410	630	1.6	1.3	2.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	155	20	135	0.2	0.1	0.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	390	200	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pakistan	80	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	140	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Oceania	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australia	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	101,555	49,755	51,800	...	...	...
In the labour force	63,450	33,570	29,880	...	...	...
Employed	57,170	30,580	26,590	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,270	2,990	3,285	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,110	16,185	21,920	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.5	67.5	57.7	62.5	67.5	57.7
Employment rate	56.3	61.5	51.3	56.3	61.5	51.3
Unemployment rate	9.9	8.9	11.0	9.9	8.9	11.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	101,555	49,755	51,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	37,715	16,195	21,520	37.1	32.5	41.5
Worked	63,840	33,565	30,280	62.9	67.5	58.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	35,025	20,145	14,885	34.5	40.5	28.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,815	13,415	15,395	28.4	27.0	29.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	43.2	41.0	42.1	43.2	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,445	33,570	29,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,080	540	540	1.7	1.6	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	62,370	33,030	29,335	98.3	98.4	98.2
Employee	52,275	26,755	25,515	82.4	79.7	85.4
Permanent position	45,470	23,675	21,790	71.7	70.5	72.9
Temporary position	6,805	3,080	3,725	10.7	9.2	12.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,985	810	1,180	3.1	2.4	3.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,815	2,270	2,545	7.6	6.8	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,095	6,275	3,815	15.9	18.7	12.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,445	33,570	29,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,080	540	540	1.7	1.6	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	62,370	33,030	29,335	98.3	98.4	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	620	405	215	1.0	1.2	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,110	2,490	6,620	14.4	7.4	22.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,180	2,425	755	5.0	7.2	2.5
3 Health occupations	5,235	890	4,340	8.3	2.7	14.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,525	1,725	4,805	10.3	5.1	16.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,120	355	765	1.8	1.1	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	13,940	5,855	8,085	22.0	17.4	27.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,480	13,200	1,280	22.8	39.3	4.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,975	2,095	885	4.7	6.2	3.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,180	3,585	1,590	8.2	10.7	5.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,445	33,570	29,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,080	540	540	1.7	1.6	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	62,370	33,030	29,335	98.3	98.4	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,075	1,910	1,160	4.8	5.7	3.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	110	100	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	430	330	100	0.7	1.0	0.3
23 Construction	6,280	5,525	760	9.9	16.5	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	9,745	7,020	2,725	15.4	20.9	9.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,995	1,415	580	3.1	4.2	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	6,425	3,115	3,310	10.1	9.3	11.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,360	2,435	915	5.3	7.3	3.1
51 Information and cultural industries	515	275	235	0.8	0.8	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	2,290	900	1,385	3.6	2.7	4.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	915	475	435	1.4	1.4	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,950	1,435	1,510	4.6	4.3	5.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,360	1,350	1,005	3.7	4.0	3.4
61 Educational services	4,255	1,055	3,200	6.7	3.1	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	8,405	1,255	7,150	13.2	3.7	23.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	885	435	450	1.4	1.3	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	3,100	1,110	1,995	4.9	3.3	6.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,765	1,580	1,185	4.4	4.7	4.0
91 Public administration	2,445	1,260	1,185	3.9	3.8	4.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	68,065	35,575	32,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	65,875	34,480	31,395	96.8	96.9	96.6
French	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	470	285	185	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	470	285	185	0.7	0.8	0.6
English and French	445	100	340	0.7	0.3	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,135	660	480	1.7	1.9	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	68,065	35,575	32,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	67,840	35,510	32,335	99.7	99.8	99.5
Official languages	67,120	35,040	32,080	98.6	98.5	98.7
English	66,945	34,995	31,950	98.4	98.4	98.3
French	175	45	130	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	720	470	255	1.1	1.3	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	720	470	255	1.1	1.3	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	655	410	245	1.0	1.2	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	575	360	215	0.8	1.0	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	390	240	150	0.6	0.7	0.5
German	330	215	120	0.5	0.6	0.4
Pennsylvania German	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	185	125	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	175	110	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	225	70	155	0.3	0.2	0.5
English and French	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	165	65	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	68,065	35,575	32,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	66,670	34,865	31,800	98.0	98.0	97.9
English	330	190	135	0.5	0.5	0.4
French	315	80	235	0.5	0.2	0.7
Non-official language	660	375	285	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	660	375	285	1.0	1.1	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,170	30,585	26,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,500	5,030	6,470	20.1	16.4	24.3
Worked outside Canada	105	85	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,415	5,840	1,575	13.0	19.1	5.9
Usual place of work	38,155	19,625	18,525	66.7	64.2	69.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,155	19,630	18,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,560	7,250	8,305	40.8	36.9	44.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,595	4,775	4,820	25.1	24.3	26.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,955	7,575	5,375	34.0	38.6	29.0
Commute to a different province or territory	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	45,565	25,465	20,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	42,870	24,095	18,775	94.1	94.6	93.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,555	22,385	17,165	86.8	87.9	85.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,320	1,705	1,615	7.3	6.7	8.0
Public transit	170	65	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Walked	1,650	790	860	3.6	3.1	4.3
Bicycle	180	135	40	0.4	0.5	0.2
Other method	695	380	310	1.5	1.5	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	45,565	25,465	20,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,870	8,445	8,430	37.0	33.2	41.9
15 to 29 minutes	15,195	8,325	6,870	33.3	32.7	34.2
30 to 44 minutes	8,555	5,180	3,370	18.8	20.3	16.8
45 to 59 minutes	2,765	1,800	970	6.1	7.1	4.8
60 minutes and over	2,175	1,715	465	4.8	6.7	2.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	45,565	25,465	20,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,380	3,080	1,300	9.6	12.1	6.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,280	6,960	3,325	22.6	27.3	16.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,610	6,460	5,150	25.5	25.4	25.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,420	3,410	5,020	18.5	13.4	25.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,905	1,630	2,270	8.6	6.4	11.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,965	3,930	3,035	15.3	15.4	15.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	28,095	14,500	13,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,935	945	990	6.9	6.5	7.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,160	13,555	12,600	93.1	93.5	92.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,720	10,715	10,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,495	740	755	7.2	6.9	7.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	895	425	475	4.3	4.0	4.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	595	315	280	2.9	2.9	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,225	9,980	9,250	92.8	93.1	92.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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