Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	EssexMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	134,656	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	125,442	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.3	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	51,534	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	49,711	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	122.8	...	...	122.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,096.69	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	134,660	67,035	67,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22,605	11,665	10,940	16.8	17.4	16.2
0 to 4 years	6,430	3,270	3,160	4.8	4.9	4.7
5 to 9 years	7,640	4,005	3,635	5.7	6.0	5.4
10 to 14 years	8,535	4,395	4,145	6.3	6.6	6.1
15 to 64 years	85,690	42,910	42,780	63.6	64.0	63.3
15 to 19 years	8,745	4,595	4,150	6.5	6.9	6.1
20 to 24 years	7,745	4,160	3,580	5.8	6.2	5.3
25 to 29 years	6,595	3,415	3,180	4.9	5.1	4.7
30 to 34 years	6,900	3,450	3,450	5.1	5.1	5.1
35 to 39 years	7,695	3,720	3,970	5.7	5.5	5.9
40 to 44 years	8,515	4,160	4,355	6.3	6.2	6.4
45 to 49 years	9,250	4,535	4,715	6.9	6.8	7.0
50 to 54 years	9,630	4,725	4,905	7.2	7.0	7.3
55 to 59 years	10,655	5,190	5,465	7.9	7.7	8.1
60 to 64 years	9,965	4,950	5,015	7.4	7.4	7.4
65 years and over	26,360	12,455	13,905	19.6	18.6	20.6
65 to 69 years	8,590	4,210	4,380	6.4	6.3	6.5
70 to 74 years	7,330	3,520	3,805	5.4	5.3	5.6
75 to 79 years	4,765	2,355	2,410	3.5	3.5	3.6
80 to 84 years	2,870	1,300	1,570	2.1	1.9	2.3
85 years and over	2,815	1,075	1,740	2.1	1.6	2.6
85 to 89 years	1,695	720	975	1.3	1.1	1.4
90 to 94 years	810	265	545	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	280	80	200	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.4	16.2	16.8	17.4	16.2
15 to 64 years	63.6	64.0	63.3	63.6	64.0	63.3
65 years and over	19.6	18.6	20.6	19.6	18.6	20.6
85 years and over	2.1	1.6	2.6	2.1	1.6	2.6
Average age of the population	42.4	41.5	43.3	42.4	41.5	43.3
Median age of the population	44.0	43.2	45.2	44.0	43.2	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	49,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	42,580	...	...	85.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,745	...	...	3.5	...	...
Row house	1,750	...	...	3.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	325	...	...	0.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,955	...	...	3.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	610	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	705	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	49,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,160	...	...	20.4	...	...
2 persons	17,805	...	...	35.8	...	...
3 persons	7,870	...	...	15.8	...	...
4 persons	8,815	...	...	17.7	...	...
5 or more persons	5,060	...	...	10.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	132,525	65,995	66,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	112,055	55,365	56,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	70,760	35,480	35,280	63.1	64.1	62.2
Married	62,510	31,360	31,155	55.8	56.6	55.0
Living common-law	8,250	4,115	4,130	7.4	7.4	7.3
Living common law - Never married	4,785	2,400	2,385	4.3	4.3	4.2
Living common law - Separated	505	275	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,605	1,300	1,310	2.3	2.3	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	350	140	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	41,295	19,890	21,405	36.9	35.9	37.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,115	15,115	11,995	24.2	27.3	21.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,435	1,005	1,435	2.2	1.8	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,625	2,385	3,240	5.0	4.3	5.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,110	1,385	4,725	5.5	2.5	8.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	39,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,105	...	...	48.1	...	...
3 persons	8,010	...	...	20.1	...	...
4 persons	8,655	...	...	21.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,990	...	...	10.0	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	39,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	34,730	...	...	87.4	...	...
Married couples	30,605	...	...	77.0	...	...
With children⁶	16,750	...	...	42.1	...	...
Without children	13,855	...	...	34.9	...	...
Common-law couples	4,120	...	...	10.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,735	...	...	4.4	...	...
Without children	2,385	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,025	...	...	12.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,765	...	...	9.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,265	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	132,525	66,000	66,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	118,210	59,415	58,800	89.2	90.0	88.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	69,455	34,685	34,775	52.4	52.6	52.3
Parents in one-parent families	5,030	1,265	3,765	3.8	1.9	5.7
Children⁶	43,730	23,465	20,260	33.0	35.6	30.5
In a two-parent family	35,750	19,085	16,670	27.0	28.9	25.1
In a one-parent family	7,975	4,385	3,595	6.0	6.6	5.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,315	6,590	7,730	10.8	10.0	11.6
Living alone	10,155	4,650	5,505	7.7	7.0	8.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,240	835	1,410	1.7	1.3	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	1,915	1,105	815	1.4	1.7	1.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	49,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	35,875	...	...	72.2	...	...
Couple-family households	31,930	...	...	64.2	...	...
With children⁶	17,030	...	...	34.3	...	...
Without children	14,905	...	...	30.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,945	...	...	7.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,495	...	...	3.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,095	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	855	...	...	1.7	...	...
One-person households	10,155	...	...	20.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	109,945	54,345	55,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	106,075	52,420	53,655	96.5	96.5	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	55,200	38,800	46,400	55,200	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	106,195	52,480	53,710	96.6	96.6	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,400	35,200	41,600	48,400	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,555	49,420	48,135	88.7	90.9	86.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	49,200	30,400	39,600	49,200	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,370	43,085	37,290	73.1	79.3	67.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	47,600	33,200	40,000	47,600	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,710	46,940	48,765	87.1	86.4	87.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	6,950	10,200	8,700	6,950	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,235	6,065	6,170	11.1	11.2	11.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,120	5,480	5,320	5,120	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,950	14,120	14,835	26.3	26.0	26.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,500	8,000	7,500	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	109,945	54,350	55,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105,965	52,465	53,500	96.4	96.5	96.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,700	71,600	48,000	59,700	71,600	48,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	106,085	52,520	53,565	96.5	96.6	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,520	57,950	41,280	49,520	57,950	41,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,700	49,465	48,235	88.9	91.0	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,550	67,000	41,760	54,550	67,000	41,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,350	43,050	37,300	73.1	79.2	67.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,650	61,150	42,800	52,650	61,150	42,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,595	47,085	48,505	86.9	86.6	87.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,410	9,410	11,390	10,410	9,410	11,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,460	6,255	6,200	11.3	11.5	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,210	5,655	6,770	6,210	5,655	6,770
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,235	14,105	15,135	26.6	26.0	27.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,340	7,810	8,840	8,340	7,810	8,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	109,945	54,345	55,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,680	21,045	15,635	33.4	38.7	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,500	78,000	62,400	71,500	78,000	62,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	83,700	93,900	69,800	83,700	93,900	69,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,480	14,340	16,145	27.7	26.4	29.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	24,000	17,400	19,800	24,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,760	38,320	25,920	31,760	38,320	25,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2	88.2	78.4	84.2	88.2	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	70.0	62.2	66.8	70.0	62.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.7	11.8	21.5	15.7	11.8	21.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.6	1.2	0.9	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.2	6.2	4.4	3.2	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	2.9	5.2	3.9	2.9	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	109,940	54,350	55,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,870	1,925	1,940	3.5	3.5	3.5
With total income	106,075	52,425	53,655	96.5	96.5	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,180	3,135	5,050	7.7	6.0	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	11,210	4,135	7,070	10.6	7.9	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	13,535	5,275	8,265	12.8	10.1	15.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,140	4,970	7,170	11.4	9.5	13.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,985	5,930	6,055	11.3	11.3	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	10,455	5,310	5,145	9.9	10.1	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	8,000	4,235	3,760	7.5	8.1	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	6,435	3,835	2,595	6.1	7.3	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	5,110	3,185	1,925	4.8	6.1	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	4,450	2,575	1,870	4.2	4.9	3.5
$100,000 and over	14,580	9,830	4,745	13.7	18.8	8.8
$100,000 to $149,999	9,755	6,165	3,590	9.2	11.8	6.7
$150,000 and over	4,825	3,670	1,160	4.5	7.0	2.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	109,940	54,350	55,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,745	1,860	1,885	3.4	3.4	3.4
With after-tax income	106,195	52,485	53,710	96.6	96.6	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,750	3,310	5,435	8.2	6.3	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	11,790	4,355	7,430	11.1	8.3	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	15,520	6,075	9,440	14.6	11.6	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	14,690	6,475	8,215	13.8	12.3	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	14,305	7,275	7,030	13.5	13.9	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	10,965	5,900	5,060	10.3	11.2	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	8,325	5,105	3,220	7.8	9.7	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	6,025	3,665	2,365	5.7	7.0	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	5,235	2,930	2,300	4.9	5.6	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,855	1,800	1,060	2.7	3.4	2.0
$100,000 and over	7,735	5,585	2,145	7.3	10.6	4.0
$100,000 to $124,999	3,540	2,420	1,120	3.3	4.6	2.1
$125,000 and over	4,200	3,170	1,025	4.0	6.0	1.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	109,940	54,350	55,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,570	11,265	18,310	26.9	20.7	32.9
With employment income	80,375	43,085	37,290	73.1	79.3	67.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	13,515	7,635	5,875	16.8	17.7	15.8
$5,000 to $9,999	5,575	2,305	3,275	6.9	5.3	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,550	3,740	4,815	10.6	8.7	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	6,605	2,955	3,650	8.2	6.9	9.8
$30,000 to $39,999	6,030	2,755	3,275	7.5	6.4	8.8
$40,000 to $49,999	6,415	2,950	3,460	8.0	6.8	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,815	3,005	2,810	7.2	7.0	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,825	2,675	2,150	6.0	6.2	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,530	2,865	1,660	5.6	6.6	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,570	2,240	1,330	4.4	5.2	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,870	2,090	1,780	4.8	4.9	4.8
$100,000 and over	11,080	7,865	3,220	13.8	18.3	8.6
$100,000 to $124,999	5,165	3,320	1,845	6.4	7.7	4.9
$125,000 and over	5,915	4,545	1,370	7.4	10.5	3.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	109,945	54,345	55,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	104,185	51,425	52,765	94.8	94.6	94.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	54,800	36,800	45,600	54,800	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	104,240	51,430	52,810	94.8	94.6	95.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	47,600	33,600	40,400	47,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,500	48,740	47,755	87.8	89.7	85.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	51,200	32,800	41,600	51,200	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,445	42,900	37,545	73.2	78.9	67.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,400	35,600	42,000	50,400	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,160	44,305	45,850	82.0	81.5	82.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,280	1,200	5,720	3,280	1,200	5,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,000	5,065	4,935	9.1	9.3	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	3,640	5,000	4,280	3,640	5,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	109,945	54,350	55,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,060	51,515	52,540	94.6	94.8	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,650	69,900	45,680	57,650	69,900	45,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,115	51,530	52,590	94.7	94.8	94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	56,950	39,200	48,000	56,950	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,600	48,825	47,775	87.9	89.8	85.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,200	67,800	42,360	55,200	67,800	42,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,435	42,880	37,555	73.2	78.9	67.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,550	62,500	43,360	53,550	62,500	43,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,785	44,335	45,450	81.7	81.6	81.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,410	6,550	8,260	7,410	6,550	8,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,035	5,110	4,925	9.1	9.4	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,995	4,704	7,340	5,995	4,704	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	109,945	54,345	55,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,470	20,930	15,535	33.2	38.5	27.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	76,500	58,400	68,500	76,500	58,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,700	91,100	66,600	80,700	91,100	66,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,950	13,575	15,370	26.3	25.0	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,200	34,400	23,600	27,200	34,400	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,720	45,520	30,800	37,720	45,520	30,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	92.0	84.4	89.0	92.0	84.4
Employment income (%)	71.8	74.4	67.8	71.8	74.4	67.8
Government transfers (%)	11.1	8.1	15.6	11.1	8.1	15.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.0	0.7	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	49,715	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,155	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...	47,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	39,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	49,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	127,200	...	...	127,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	105,700	...	...	105,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,165	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,950	...	...	57,950	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,720	...	...	47,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	39,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,600	...	...	120,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	49,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	305	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	465	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	980	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,070	...	...	2.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,020	...	...	2.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,200	...	...	2.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,365	...	...	2.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,490	...	...	3.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,215	...	...	6.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,065	...	...	6.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,050	...	...	6.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,115	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,915	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	26,085	...	...	52.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,395	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,250	...	...	10.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	7,045	...	...	14.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,395	...	...	14.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	49,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	300	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	315	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	505	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,035	...	...	2.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,265	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,190	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,495	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,700	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,790	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,800	...	...	7.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,705	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,785	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,645	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,285	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,735	...	...	43.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,015	...	...	14.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,005	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,715	...	...	19.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	39,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,985	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	18,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...	157,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,075	5,755	6,320	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,600	50,800	41,200	45,600	50,800	41,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	44,400	37,600	40,800	44,400	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	38,995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,500	...	...	120,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,005	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,400	...	...	115,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,900	...	...	95,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	180,800	...	...	180,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,200	...	...	149,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,800	...	...	82,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,970	5,745	6,220	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,950	64,000	48,520	55,950	64,000	48,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	51,120	42,000	46,400	51,120	42,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	132,525	66,000	66,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,965	14,475	13,490	21.1	21.9	20.3
0 to 5 years	7,860	4,035	3,830	5.9	6.1	5.8
18 to 64 years	79,475	39,505	39,970	60.0	59.9	60.1
65 years and over	25,085	12,015	13,070	18.9	18.2	19.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,180	3,265	3,915	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,620	860	760	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	510	255	250	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,740	1,735	2,010	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,815	670	1,145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.4	4.9	5.9	5.4	4.9	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	6.0	5.7	5.8	6.0	5.7
0 to 5 years (%)	6.5	6.4	6.6	6.5	6.4	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	4.4	5.0	4.7	4.4	5.0
65 years and over (%)	7.2	5.6	8.8	7.2	5.6	8.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	132,525	66,000	66,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,965	14,480	13,485	21.1	21.9	20.3
0 to 5 years	7,860	4,030	3,825	5.9	6.1	5.7
18 to 64 years	79,475	39,500	39,970	60.0	59.8	60.1
65 years and over	25,085	12,015	13,065	18.9	18.2	19.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,300	1,175	1,125	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	465	250	220	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	135	70	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,580	815	765	...	...	...
65 years and over	255	110	145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.1	1.9
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	132,525	66,000	66,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	48,595	23,330	25,260	36.7	35.3	38.0
In bottom decile	5,850	2,740	3,110	4.4	4.2	4.7
In second decile	8,375	3,780	4,600	6.3	5.7	6.9
In third decile	10,125	4,795	5,330	7.6	7.3	8.0
In fourth decile	11,490	5,695	5,790	8.7	8.6	8.7
In fifth decile	12,760	6,320	6,435	9.6	9.6	9.7
In top half of the distribution	83,935	42,670	41,265	63.3	64.7	62.0
In sixth decile	14,280	7,140	7,140	10.8	10.8	10.7
In seventh decile	14,855	7,590	7,270	11.2	11.5	10.9
In eighth decile	16,860	8,520	8,340	12.7	12.9	12.5
In ninth decile	18,230	9,240	8,985	13.8	14.0	13.5
In top decile	19,705	10,180	9,525	14.9	15.4	14.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	132,525	...	...	132,525	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.317	...	...	0.317	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.408	...	...	0.408	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	133,920	66,755	67,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	118,160	59,645	58,520	88.2	89.3	87.1
French only	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	14,580	6,530	8,050	10.9	9.8	12.0
Neither English nor French	1,115	570	550	0.8	0.9	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	133,920	66,755	67,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	129,440	64,615	64,820	96.7	96.8	96.5
French	3,030	1,430	1,600	2.3	2.1	2.4
English and French	370	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	1,090	545	540	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	133,920	66,755	67,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	130,375	65,080	65,295	97.4	97.5	97.2
Official languages	113,695	56,865	56,830	84.9	85.2	84.6
English	110,435	55,320	55,120	82.5	82.9	82.1
French	3,260	1,550	1,715	2.4	2.3	2.6
Non-official languages	16,680	8,215	8,465	12.5	12.3	12.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,675	8,210	8,460	12.5	12.3	12.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,950	1,000	950	1.5	1.5	1.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,950	1,000	950	1.5	1.5	1.4
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,585	810	770	1.2	1.2	1.1
Aramaic languages	300	155	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	265	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	225	95	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	355	150	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	320	140	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,950	5,915	6,035	8.9	8.9	9.0
Albanian	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,275	1,065	1,210	1.7	1.6	1.8
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,265	1,065	1,200	1.7	1.6	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	280	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	650	295	355	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	715	355	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	250	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	415	210	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	295	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,365	1,145	1,220	1.8	1.7	1.8
Frisian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,485	695	785	1.1	1.0	1.2
German	1,475	690	780	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	845	430	415	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	440	220	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	190	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,245	1,095	1,150	1.7	1.6	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	2,095	1,030	1,065	1.6	1.5	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,260	625	635	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	415	205	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,680	2,415	2,265	3.5	3.6	3.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,420	1,215	1,210	1.8	1.8	1.8
Portuguese	845	425	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	450	220	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	940	545	395	0.7	0.8	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,115	515	600	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	1,095	510	580	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	760	350	410	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	350	165	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	305	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,550	1,680	1,875	2.7	2.5	2.8
English and French	1,135	515	615	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	2,075	1,000	1,070	1.5	1.5	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	133,920	66,755	67,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	115,860	58,030	57,825	86.5	86.9	86.1
French	430	200	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	3,695	1,855	1,835	2.8	2.8	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,695	1,855	1,835	2.8	2.8	2.7
English and French	2,480	1,085	1,390	1.9	1.6	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	10,625	5,220	5,405	7.9	7.8	8.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	575	245	330	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	133,920	66,755	67,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	131,450	65,595	65,855	98.2	98.3	98.0
Official languages	124,430	62,095	62,335	92.9	93.0	92.8
English	123,760	61,780	61,975	92.4	92.5	92.3
French	665	310	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	7,025	3,505	3,520	5.2	5.3	5.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,025	3,505	3,520	5.2	5.3	5.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	910	455	455	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	910	455	455	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	690	345	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,630	2,340	2,290	3.5	3.5	3.4
Albanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	755	375	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	755	375	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	675	325	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	380	175	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	375	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	295	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,660	805	850	1.2	1.2	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,560	765	795	1.2	1.1	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,005	500	505	0.8	0.7	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,445	785	660	1.1	1.2	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	435	180	255	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	180	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	560	390	170	0.4	0.6	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	750	355	395	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	740	350	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	580	280	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,475	1,160	1,310	1.8	1.7	2.0
English and French	320	120	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,065	1,000	1,070	1.5	1.5	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	133,920	66,760	67,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	122,110	61,090	61,015	91.2	91.5	90.8
English	2,890	1,425	1,465	2.2	2.1	2.2
French	2,065	915	1,150	1.5	1.4	1.7
Non-official language	5,675	2,755	2,915	4.2	4.1	4.3
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,665	2,755	2,910	4.2	4.1	4.3
English and French	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	375	195	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	335	140	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	420	205	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	132,535	66,005	66,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	131,575	65,585	65,990	99.3	99.4	99.2
English	131,515	65,570	65,945	99.2	99.3	99.1
French	14,570	6,440	8,130	11.0	9.8	12.2
Non-official languages	22,400	10,875	11,525	16.9	16.5	17.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,385	10,870	11,515	16.9	16.5	17.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,205	1,595	1,615	2.4	2.4	2.4
Berber languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,200	1,590	1,610	2.4	2.4	2.4
Amharic	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,830	1,405	1,425	2.1	2.1	2.1
Aramaic languages	540	275	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	395	190	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	335	110	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	270	95	180	0.2	0.1	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	430	165	270	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	400	145	255	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	305	145	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15,940	7,830	8,110	12.0	11.9	12.2
Albanian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,920	1,375	1,550	2.2	2.1	2.3
Baltic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,905	1,375	1,535	2.2	2.1	2.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	375	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	895	425	470	0.7	0.6	0.7
Russian	210	90	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,085	530	555	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bosnian	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	435	220	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	720	340	380	0.5	0.5	0.6
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	330	135	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,895	1,385	1,505	2.2	2.1	2.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,875	885	990	1.4	1.3	1.5
German	1,875	885	990	1.4	1.3	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,055	515	540	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afrikaans	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	640	305	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	260	145	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	3,040	1,550	1,495	2.3	2.3	2.2
Indo-Aryan languages	2,825	1,415	1,415	2.1	2.1	2.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	165	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	920	465	450	0.7	0.7	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,630	850	780	1.2	1.3	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	830	420	415	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	245	155	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,040	3,565	3,475	5.3	5.4	5.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,715	1,890	1,820	2.8	2.9	2.7
Portuguese	1,180	615	565	0.9	0.9	0.8
Romanian	620	285	340	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	1,765	895	875	1.3	1.4	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	155	45	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	145	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,280	595	685	1.0	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	1,220	570	650	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	955	440	520	0.7	0.7	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	370	185	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
S'gaw Karen	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	525	275	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	445	220	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	132,530	66,005	66,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,135	1,900	2,235	3.1	2.9	3.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,915	1,835	2,075	3.0	2.8	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,600	750	850	1.2	1.1	1.3
Métis	2,290	1,075	1,215	1.7	1.6	1.8
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	95	20	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	128,395	64,100	64,295	96.9	97.1	96.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	132,530	66,005	66,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	795	375	415	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	131,735	65,625	66,110	99.4	99.4	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	43,885	...	...	88.3	...	...
Renter	5,835	...	...	11.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,070	...	...	4.2	...	...
Not condominium	47,650	...	...	95.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	2,205	...	...	4.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,725	...	...	17.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	21,485	...	...	43.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,215	...	...	34.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,260	...	...	10.6	...	...
5 rooms	6,110	...	...	12.3	...	...
6 rooms	7,330	...	...	14.7	...	...
7 rooms	7,805	...	...	15.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	23,220	...	...	46.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.5	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	49,285	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	435	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	48,355	...	...	97.3	...	...
Not suitable	1,365	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,480	...	...	21.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,135	...	...	24.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,555	...	...	9.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,655	...	...	17.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,475	...	...	9.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,560	...	...	5.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,855	...	...	5.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,005	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,460	...	...	95.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,260	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,595	...	...	43.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	26,795	...	...	53.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,335	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	350	...	...	0.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,315	...	...	8.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,060	...	...	16.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,260	...	...	20.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,350	...	...	22.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,175	...	...	18.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,680	...	...	9.4	...	...
85 years and over	1,535	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,280	...	...	88.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,740	...	...	11.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,255	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	49,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,825	...	...	17.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,290	...	...	10.6	...	...
Not suitable only	1,195	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,820	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	355	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	40,895	...	...	82.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,875	...	...	3.9	...	...
Not in core need	46,655	...	...	96.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	43,265	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.1	...	...	58.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,388	...	...	1,388	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	558,000	...	...	558,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,820	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.3	...	...	13.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.9	...	...	31.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.0	...	...	15.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,136	...	...	1,136	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	132,530	66,000	66,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	765	360	405	0.6	0.5	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	755	360	400	0.6	0.5	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	395	200	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis single ancestry	360	160	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,665	2,200	2,465	3.5	3.3	3.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,565	2,160	2,405	3.4	3.3	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,860	1,335	1,525	2.2	2.0	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,645	815	830	1.2	1.2	1.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	127,100	63,440	63,660	95.9	96.1	95.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	132,530	66,000	66,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	128,750	64,375	64,380	97.1	97.5	96.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	27,585	14,220	13,365	20.8	21.5	20.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	101,170	50,150	51,015	76.3	76.0	76.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,780	1,630	2,155	2.9	2.5	3.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	132,530	66,000	66,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	113,560	56,975	56,585	85.7	86.3	85.1
Immigrants⁸¹	18,580	8,820	9,760	14.0	13.4	14.7
Before 1980	6,885	3,365	3,520	5.2	5.1	5.3
1980 to 1990	2,465	1,155	1,315	1.9	1.8	2.0
1991 to 2000	3,075	1,415	1,655	2.3	2.1	2.5
2001 to 2010	3,040	1,345	1,700	2.3	2.0	2.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,115	1,540	1,575	2.4	2.3	2.4
2011 to 2015	1,630	820	810	1.2	1.2	1.2
2016 to 2021	1,480	720	765	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	390	205	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	18,580	8,820	9,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,310	1,170	1,140	12.4	13.3	11.7
5 to 14 years	4,050	2,110	1,940	21.8	23.9	19.9
15 to 24 years	4,355	1,850	2,505	23.4	21.0	25.7
25 to 44 years	6,710	3,195	3,520	36.1	36.2	36.1
45 years and over	1,150	495	655	6.2	5.6	6.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	18,580	8,820	9,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,890	1,610	2,280	20.9	18.3	23.4
Brazil	70	20	50	0.4	0.2	0.5
Colombia	70	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
El Salvador	65	40	25	0.3	0.5	0.3
Guyana	55	40	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	105	50	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mexico	865	415	445	4.7	4.7	4.6
Peru	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	75	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
United States of America	2,135	790	1,345	11.5	9.0	13.8
Other places of birth in Americas	430	180	250	2.3	2.0	2.6
Europe	7,995	3,865	4,135	43.0	43.8	42.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	105	50	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Croatia	265	140	120	1.4	1.6	1.2
France	100	40	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
Germany	425	185	245	2.3	2.1	2.5
Greece	125	75	50	0.7	0.9	0.5
Hungary	130	60	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italy	1,635	850	790	8.8	9.6	8.1
Netherlands	305	190	120	1.6	2.2	1.2
Poland	595	265	335	3.2	3.0	3.4
Portugal	605	305	300	3.3	3.5	3.1
Romania	490	225	265	2.6	2.6	2.7
Russian Federation	65	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	345	135	205	1.9	1.5	2.1
Ukraine	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,870	865	1,005	10.1	9.8	10.3
Other places of birth in Europe	890	445	445	4.8	5.0	4.6
Africa	660	380	275	3.6	4.3	2.8
Algeria	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	110	65	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	75	35	0.6	0.9	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	330	185	145	1.8	2.1	1.5
Asia	5,975	2,920	3,055	32.2	33.1	31.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	125	70	50	0.7	0.8	0.5
Iraq	555	285	265	3.0	3.2	2.7
Lebanon	580	290	290	3.1	3.3	3.0
Syria⁸⁹	135	70	60	0.7	0.8	0.6
Turkey	120	60	60	0.6	0.7	0.6
China⁹⁰	715	310	405	3.8	3.5	4.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	145	80	65	0.8	0.9	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	160	90	70	0.9	1.0	0.7
Taiwan	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Philippines	405	160	245	2.2	1.8	2.5
Viet Nam	175	75	105	0.9	0.9	1.1
Bangladesh	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
India	1,450	750	700	7.8	8.5	7.2
Pakistan	530	250	280	2.9	2.8	2.9
Sri Lanka	75	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	765	375	390	4.1	4.3	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	45	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,480	720	760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	500	235	265	33.8	32.6	34.9
Brazil	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	10	1.7	1.4	1.3
Mexico	130	60	70	8.8	8.3	9.2
United States of America	275	125	155	18.6	17.4	20.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	55	30	30	3.7	4.2	3.9
Europe	155	80	70	10.5	11.1	9.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	10	1.7	2.1	1.3
Other places of birth in Europe	105	50	50	7.1	6.9	6.6
Africa	80	40	35	5.4	5.6	4.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	20	20	2.7	2.8	2.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	750	360	385	50.7	50.0	50.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	130	45	80	8.8	6.3	10.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	350	185	160	23.6	25.7	21.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	40	20	20	2.7	2.8	2.6
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Lebanon	25	10	15	1.7	1.4	2.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	40	10	25	2.7	1.4	3.3
Philippines	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Saudi Arabia	30	25	0	2.0	3.5	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	20	25	2.7	2.8	3.3
Turkey	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	25	15	15	1.7	2.1	2.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	20	1.4	0.0	2.6
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	132,535	66,005	66,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	20,570	9,805	10,765	15.5	14.9	16.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	26,755	13,500	13,255	20.2	20.5	19.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	85,205	42,695	42,510	64.3	64.7	63.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,690	5,450	6,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,830	2,475	2,360	41.3	45.4	37.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,775	1,335	440	15.2	24.5	7.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,055	1,135	1,920	26.1	20.8	30.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,480	1,740	2,740	38.3	31.9	43.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,135	1,125	1,010	18.3	20.6	16.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	250	115	135	2.1	2.1	2.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,690	5,450	6,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	785	400	385	6.7	7.3	6.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,065	585	485	9.1	10.7	7.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	390	225	165	3.3	4.1	2.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	510	285	230	4.4	5.2	3.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	165	70	95	1.4	1.3	1.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,770	3,885	4,885	75.0	71.3	78.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	132,535	66,005	66,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	13,800	6,950	6,850	10.4	10.5	10.3
South Asian	3,785	1,930	1,860	2.9	2.9	2.8
Chinese	1,575	745	830	1.2	1.1	1.2
Black	1,920	990	925	1.4	1.5	1.4
Filipino	765	340	420	0.6	0.5	0.6
Arab	2,605	1,365	1,240	2.0	2.1	1.9
Latin American	840	420	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	740	340	405	0.6	0.5	0.6
West Asian	500	250	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	220	140	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Japanese	115	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	495	250	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	118,735	59,055	59,680	89.6	89.5	89.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	132,530	66,000	66,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	20,735	10,495	10,245	15.6	15.9	15.4
English	29,610	14,260	15,350	22.3	21.6	23.1
Irish	22,810	10,950	11,855	17.2	16.6	17.8
Scottish	19,285	9,300	9,985	14.6	14.1	15.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30,755	15,210	15,550	23.2	23.0	23.4
German	15,625	7,605	8,020	11.8	11.5	12.1
Chinese	1,570	740	835	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italian	14,365	7,370	6,995	10.8	11.2	10.5
Indian (India)	1,910	970	935	1.4	1.5	1.4
Ukrainian	3,685	1,910	1,780	2.8	2.9	2.7
Dutch	4,650	2,330	2,320	3.5	3.5	3.5
Polish	5,315	2,515	2,800	4.0	3.8	4.2
Québécois	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,995	1,965	2,030	3.0	3.0	3.1
Filipino	815	350	465	0.6	0.5	0.7
French Canadian	4,515	2,250	2,265	3.4	3.4	3.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,140	1,090	1,040	1.6	1.7	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,710	775	940	1.3	1.2	1.4
Métis	2,110	1,015	1,095	1.6	1.5	1.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,440	690	745	1.1	1.0	1.1
Russian	1,530	690	840	1.2	1.0	1.3
Norwegian	605	285	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
Welsh	1,775	930	840	1.3	1.4	1.3
Portuguese	2,330	1,185	1,140	1.8	1.8	1.7
American	2,095	1,040	1,055	1.6	1.6	1.6
Spanish	865	405	460	0.7	0.6	0.7
Swedish	545	280	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hungarian	3,155	1,560	1,600	2.4	2.4	2.4
Acadian	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	765	415	350	0.6	0.6	0.5
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	540	285	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	285	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	535	275	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vietnamese	440	195	250	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	905	450	450	0.7	0.7	0.7
Greek	780	420	360	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jamaican	315	115	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	280	150	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	80	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	240	145	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	1,745	855	885	1.3	1.3	1.3
Lebanese	2,660	1,395	1,265	2.0	2.1	1.9
Iranian	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	705	325	380	0.5	0.5	0.6
Danish	405	165	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	740	335	405	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sikh	375	200	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austrian	690	335	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belgian	1,650	760	890	1.2	1.2	1.3
Haitian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	950	480	465	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mennonite	1,215	615	600	0.9	0.9	0.9
Swiss	310	165	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Finnish	440	250	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sri Lankan	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	1,090	515	580	0.8	0.8	0.9
Japanese	165	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	310	175	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Muslim	290	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	540	265	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	195	105	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	260	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	1,225	605	620	0.9	0.9	0.9
Ojibway	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	635	315	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	255	145	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algerian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	200	90	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovak	1,150	575	575	0.9	0.9	0.9
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	245	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	430	225	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Salvadorean	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	340	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	280	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chilean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	70	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	490	230	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
Macedonian	765	375	390	0.6	0.6	0.6
Slovenian	200	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	265	155	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israeli	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	385	140	245	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bulgarian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	265	155	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	475	250	225	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tunisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	195	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuban	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	75	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	365	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sinhalese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	155	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	132,530	66,005	66,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	370	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	90,895	43,765	47,135	68.6	66.3	70.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,570	4,695	4,875	7.2	7.1	7.3
Anabaptist	1,075	530	545	0.8	0.8	0.8
Anglican	5,550	2,630	2,925	4.2	4.0	4.4
Baptist	2,150	1,010	1,145	1.6	1.5	1.7
Catholic	56,575	27,460	29,110	42.7	41.6	43.8
Christian Orthodox	2,435	1,220	1,215	1.8	1.8	1.8
Jehovah's Witness	440	205	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	1,280	625	655	1.0	0.9	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	225	90	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,750	770	975	1.3	1.2	1.5
Presbyterian	1,355	615	745	1.0	0.9	1.1
Reformed	250	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	5,180	2,355	2,825	3.9	3.6	4.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,885	1,330	1,560	2.2	2.0	2.3
Hindu	825	440	390	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jewish	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Muslim	3,315	1,705	1,610	2.5	2.6	2.4
Sikh	1,275	650	625	1.0	1.0	0.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	380	145	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	35,270	19,030	16,230	26.6	28.8	24.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	131,355	65,425	65,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	121,045	60,350	60,695	92.2	92.2	92.1
Movers	10,305	5,075	5,235	7.8	7.8	7.9
Non-migrants	4,825	2,285	2,535	3.7	3.5	3.8
Migrants	5,485	2,790	2,695	4.2	4.3	4.1
Internal migrants	5,245	2,655	2,590	4.0	4.1	3.9
Intraprovincial migrants	5,025	2,540	2,480	3.8	3.9	3.8
Interprovincial migrants	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	240	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	126,165	62,825	63,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	85,455	42,730	42,725	67.7	68.0	67.4
Movers	40,715	20,095	20,620	32.3	32.0	32.6
Non-migrants	12,285	6,180	6,110	9.7	9.8	9.6
Migrants	28,430	13,920	14,510	22.5	22.2	22.9
Internal migrants	26,600	13,030	13,575	21.1	20.7	21.4
Intraprovincial migrants	25,460	12,435	13,030	20.2	19.8	20.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,140	595	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	1,830	890	940	1.5	1.4	1.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	109,945	54,345	55,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,745	9,445	8,295	16.1	17.4	14.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	92,200	44,900	47,300	83.9	82.6	85.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	68,355	33,625	34,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,320	3,105	2,210	7.8	9.2	6.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	63,035	30,515	32,520	92.2	90.8	93.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	109,945	54,350	55,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,165	8,420	7,745	14.7	15.5	13.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	33,835	16,720	17,110	30.8	30.8	30.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	59,945	29,200	30,740	54.5	53.7	55.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,115	18,110	17,005	31.9	33.3	30.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,555	5,820	1,735	6.9	10.7	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,865	1,785	1,075	2.6	3.3	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,695	4,025	665	4.3	7.4	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,895	11,535	14,365	23.6	21.2	25.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,665	760	905	1.5	1.4	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,830	11,095	13,735	22.6	20.4	24.7
Bachelor's degree	17,035	7,425	9,605	15.5	13.7	17.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,720	605	1,115	1.6	1.1	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	845	495	350	0.8	0.9	0.6
Master's degree	4,410	2,045	2,365	4.0	3.8	4.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	825	520	300	0.8	1.0	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	68,355	33,625	34,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,690	2,695	1,990	6.9	8.0	5.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,545	9,635	8,910	27.1	28.7	25.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,125	21,295	23,830	66.0	63.3	68.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,755	13,030	12,725	37.7	38.8	36.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,965	3,860	1,110	7.3	11.5	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,770	1,140	625	2.6	3.4	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,200	2,715	480	4.7	8.1	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,675	8,645	11,035	28.8	25.7	31.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,105	525	585	1.6	1.6	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,375	8,270	11,100	28.3	24.6	32.0
Bachelor's degree	13,210	5,605	7,605	19.3	16.7	21.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,270	395	875	1.9	1.2	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	640	335	300	0.9	1.0	0.9
Master's degree	3,565	1,530	2,035	5.2	4.6	5.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	685	400	290	1.0	1.2	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	109,945	54,345	55,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	50,000	25,140	24,855	45.5	46.3	44.7
Education	4,155	995	3,160	3.8	1.8	5.7
13. Education	4,155	995	3,160	3.8	1.8	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,410	585	825	1.3	1.1	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,320	520	805	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	2,125	845	1,280	1.9	1.6	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	230	25	205	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	465	115	350	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	505	235	275	0.5	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	235	140	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	325	200	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	180	45	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,795	1,865	4,930	6.2	3.4	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	805	310	495	0.7	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,600	100	1,495	1.5	0.2	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	835	210	630	0.8	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	1,420	345	1,070	1.3	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	2,030	870	1,160	1.8	1.6	2.1
Business, management and public administration	10,725	4,405	6,315	9.8	8.1	11.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,170	230	945	1.1	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,540	4,165	5,375	8.7	7.7	9.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,080	990	1,085	1.9	1.8	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	930	380	550	0.8	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	505	255	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	465	315	150	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	145	40	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,880	1,270	610	1.7	2.3	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,450	1,075	375	1.3	2.0	0.7
25. Library science	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	305	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,650	13,670	980	13.3	25.2	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	375	275	105	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	2,610	2,200	410	2.4	4.0	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,125	2,860	270	2.8	5.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,480	2,430	45	2.3	4.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,700	2,645	60	2.5	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	3,365	3,270	100	3.1	6.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,230	740	490	1.1	1.4	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	915	525	390	0.8	1.0	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	315	210	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	10,815	1,945	8,870	9.8	3.6	16.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	835	390	440	0.8	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,775	1,450	8,330	8.9	2.7	15.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,070	1,890	2,180	3.7	3.5	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,030	315	1,715	1.8	0.6	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,525	1,075	445	1.4	2.0	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	510	495	20	0.5	0.9	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	68,355	33,625	34,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,230	12,335	10,905	34.0	36.7	31.4
Education	2,885	580	2,305	4.2	1.7	6.6
13. Education	2,885	580	2,305	4.2	1.7	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,115	430	690	1.6	1.3	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,055	385	670	1.5	1.1	1.9
Humanities	1,425	540	890	2.1	1.6	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	190	15	170	0.3	0.0	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	270	75	200	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	375	170	200	0.5	0.5	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	230	135	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	145	30	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,360	1,370	3,990	7.8	4.1	11.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	690	255	435	1.0	0.8	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,300	70	1,230	1.9	0.2	3.5
22. Legal professions and studies	665	145	515	1.0	0.4	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	1,090	240	850	1.6	0.7	2.4
45. Social sciences	1,535	630	905	2.2	1.9	2.6
Business, management and public administration	8,415	3,340	5,075	12.3	9.9	14.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	960	165	790	1.4	0.5	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,445	3,165	4,280	10.9	9.4	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,470	645	820	2.2	1.9	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	680	265	415	1.0	0.8	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	370	180	195	0.5	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	305	180	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,430	1,005	425	2.1	3.0	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,165	895	275	1.7	2.7	0.8
25. Library science	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,765	9,920	845	15.7	29.5	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	305	220	85	0.4	0.7	0.2
14. Engineering	2,150	1,790	360	3.1	5.3	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,290	2,055	235	3.4	6.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,695	1,655	40	2.5	4.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,810	1,770	40	2.6	5.3	0.1
48. Precision production	2,515	2,430	80	3.7	7.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	900	510	390	1.3	1.5	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	650	345	305	1.0	1.0	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	165	85	0.4	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	8,150	1,485	6,670	11.9	4.4	19.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	600	290	310	0.9	0.9	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,405	1,130	6,270	10.8	3.4	18.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,200	1,465	1,730	4.7	4.4	5.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,585	245	1,340	2.3	0.7	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,240	860	380	1.8	2.6	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	370	360	10	0.5	1.1	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	68,355	33,625	34,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,230	12,335	10,905	34.0	36.7	31.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	45,120	21,295	23,830	66.0	63.3	68.6
Location of study inside Canada	39,910	18,760	21,145	58.4	55.8	60.9
Same as province or territory of residence	38,830	18,190	20,640	56.8	54.1	59.4
Different than province or territory of residence	1,080	570	505	1.6	1.7	1.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,210	2,530	2,680	7.6	7.5	7.7
Americas	2,680	1,310	1,365	3.9	3.9	3.9
United States of America	2,450	1,215	1,240	3.6	3.6	3.6
Mexico	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	865	445	425	1.3	1.3	1.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	120	50	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romania	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	255	145	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	125	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	160	85	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,400	635	770	2.0	1.9	2.2
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	200	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	160	60	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Viet Nam	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	450	220	230	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistan	150	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australia	95	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	109,945	54,350	55,595	...	...	...
In the labour force	68,920	36,300	32,620	...	...	...
Employed	60,330	31,975	28,355	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,590	4,325	4,265	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	41,025	18,045	22,980	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.7	66.8	58.7	62.7	66.8	58.7
Employment rate	54.9	58.8	51.0	54.9	58.8	51.0
Unemployment rate	12.5	11.9	13.1	12.5	11.9	13.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	109,945	54,345	55,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	40,550	17,750	22,795	36.9	32.7	41.0
Worked	69,400	36,595	32,805	63.1	67.3	59.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	37,435	21,535	15,900	34.0	39.6	28.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,965	15,060	16,910	29.1	27.7	30.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.8	40.8	41.9	42.8	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	68,920	36,300	32,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,375	615	760	2.0	1.7	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	67,545	35,690	31,860	98.0	98.3	97.7
Employee	59,010	30,325	28,685	85.6	83.5	88.0
Permanent position	52,250	27,005	25,250	75.8	74.4	77.4
Temporary position	6,760	3,320	3,440	9.8	9.1	10.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,010	865	1,145	2.9	2.4	3.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,750	2,455	2,300	6.9	6.8	7.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,535	5,365	3,170	12.4	14.8	9.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	68,920	36,300	32,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,375	615	760	2.0	1.7	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	67,545	35,690	31,860	98.0	98.3	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	835	605	230	1.2	1.7	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,915	2,600	7,310	14.4	7.2	22.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,020	4,115	905	7.3	11.3	2.8
3 Health occupations	6,400	1,155	5,245	9.3	3.2	16.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,005	2,525	5,480	11.6	7.0	16.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,195	570	630	1.7	1.6	1.9
6 Sales and service occupations	14,700	6,095	8,605	21.3	16.8	26.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,350	12,220	1,130	19.4	33.7	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,050	1,545	505	3.0	4.3	1.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	6,075	4,250	1,825	8.8	11.7	5.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	68,920	36,300	32,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,375	615	760	2.0	1.7	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	67,545	35,690	31,860	98.0	98.3	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,300	1,350	945	3.3	3.7	2.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	370	345	20	0.5	1.0	0.1
22 Utilities	540	465	80	0.8	1.3	0.2
23 Construction	5,140	4,505	640	7.5	12.4	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	13,065	9,805	3,255	19.0	27.0	10.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,660	1,180	480	2.4	3.3	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	6,685	3,015	3,665	9.7	8.3	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,945	2,060	880	4.3	5.7	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	535	280	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	2,155	845	1,310	3.1	2.3	4.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	925	465	465	1.3	1.3	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,620	2,010	1,610	5.3	5.5	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,145	1,285	865	3.1	3.5	2.7
61 Educational services	5,585	1,535	4,050	8.1	4.2	12.4
62 Health care and social assistance	9,140	1,470	7,670	13.3	4.0	23.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,405	760	650	2.0	2.1	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,525	1,360	2,165	5.1	3.7	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,595	1,255	1,340	3.8	3.5	4.1
91 Public administration	3,125	1,680	1,445	4.5	4.6	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	73,815	38,750	35,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	71,060	37,685	33,380	96.3	97.3	95.2
French	540	120	420	0.7	0.3	1.2
Non-official language	170	120	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	170	120	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and French	1,110	350	760	1.5	0.9	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	885	455	430	1.2	1.2	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	73,815	38,750	35,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	73,520	38,650	34,870	99.6	99.7	99.4
Official languages	73,175	38,450	34,725	99.1	99.2	99.0
English	72,370	38,280	34,095	98.0	98.8	97.2
French	800	165	630	1.1	0.4	1.8
Non-official languages	350	200	145	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	350	200	145	0.5	0.5	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	220	145	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	105	75	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	85	65	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	300	100	200	0.4	0.3	0.6
English and French	165	50	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	73,815	38,750	35,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	72,055	38,010	34,045	97.6	98.1	97.1
English	420	125	295	0.6	0.3	0.8
French	695	260	440	0.9	0.7	1.3
Non-official language	565	300	265	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	565	300	265	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	60,330	31,980	28,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,250	4,530	5,725	17.0	14.2	20.2
Worked outside Canada	1,875	1,090	785	3.1	3.4	2.8
No fixed workplace address	6,610	4,830	1,775	11.0	15.1	6.3
Usual place of work	41,600	21,525	20,070	69.0	67.3	70.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	41,595	21,525	20,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,305	5,380	5,925	27.2	25.0	29.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	29,145	15,470	13,670	70.1	71.9	68.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,085	620	465	2.6	2.9	2.3
Commute to a different province or territory	65	50	10	0.2	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	48,205	26,360	21,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	46,480	25,475	21,005	96.4	96.6	96.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	43,875	24,225	19,650	91.0	91.9	89.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,605	1,250	1,355	5.4	4.7	6.2
Public transit	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Walked	860	430	430	1.8	1.6	2.0
Bicycle	175	135	40	0.4	0.5	0.2
Other method	635	295	335	1.3	1.1	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	48,205	26,360	21,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,675	6,720	6,955	28.4	25.5	31.8
15 to 29 minutes	21,250	11,860	9,390	44.1	45.0	43.0
30 to 44 minutes	10,455	6,175	4,280	21.7	23.4	19.6
45 to 59 minutes	2,100	1,120	980	4.4	4.2	4.5
60 minutes and over	725	490	235	1.5	1.9	1.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	48,205	26,360	21,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,220	3,060	1,160	8.8	11.6	5.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,925	6,855	3,075	20.6	26.0	14.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,520	6,615	5,900	26.0	25.1	27.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,985	3,715	5,270	18.6	14.1	24.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,915	1,905	3,015	10.2	7.2	13.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,635	4,210	3,430	15.8	16.0	15.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	28,530	14,775	13,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,860	2,970	2,885	20.5	20.1	21.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,675	11,800	10,870	79.5	79.9	79.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	21,590	11,230	10,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,510	2,290	2,225	20.9	20.4	21.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,215	1,575	1,635	14.9	14.0	15.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,300	715	585	6.0	6.4	5.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,080	8,945	8,135	79.1	79.7	78.5

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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