Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Etobicoke CentreMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	118,483
Population, 2016¹	118,022
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.4
Total private dwellings²	46,933
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	45,249
Population density per square kilometre	3,198.3
Land area in square kilometres	37.05
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	118,485
0 to 14 years	17,185
0 to 4 years	5,110
5 to 9 years	5,830
10 to 14 years	6,245
15 to 64 years	74,950
15 to 19 years	6,435
20 to 24 years	6,765
25 to 29 years	6,780
30 to 34 years	6,710
35 to 39 years	7,320
40 to 44 years	7,100
45 to 49 years	7,195
50 to 54 years	8,420
55 to 59 years	9,380
60 to 64 years	8,845
65 years and over	26,345
65 to 69 years	7,265
70 to 74 years	5,960
75 to 79 years	4,260
80 to 84 years	3,635
85 years and over	5,225
85 to 89 years	2,965
90 to 94 years	1,725
95 to 99 years	480
100 years and over	55
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5
15 to 64 years	63.3
65 years and over	22.2
85 years and over	4.4
Average age of the population	44.5
Median age of the population	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,250
Single-detached house	21,845
Semi-detached house	860
Row house	2,020
Apartment or flat in a duplex	790
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,910
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	17,795
Other single-attached house	30
Movable dwelling⁴	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,250
1 person	11,085
2 persons	14,325
3 persons	8,115
4 persons	7,720
5 or more persons	4,010
Number of persons in private households	116,970
Average household size	2.6
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	101,295
Married or living common-law	55,790
Married	50,200
Living common-law	5,590
Living common law - Never married	3,730
Living common law - Separated	280
Living common law - Divorced	1,405
Living common law - Widowed	170
Not married and not living common-law	45,505
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,305
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,700
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,165
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,335
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,685
2 persons	15,495
3 persons	8,115
4 persons	7,545
5 or more persons	2,530
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,680
Total couple families	27,175
Married couples	24,380
With children⁶	14,665
Without children	9,715
Common-law couples	2,790
With children⁶	1,085
Without children	1,700
Total one-parent families	6,505
in which the parent is a woman+	5,360
in which the parent is a man+	1,150
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	116,970
Total - Persons in census families	98,925
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,345
Parents in one-parent families	6,510
Children⁶	38,070
In a two-parent family	28,210
In a one-parent family	9,860
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,045
Living alone	11,085
Living with other relatives⁷	3,570
Living with non-relatives only	3,395
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,250
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,975
Couple-family households	23,890
With children⁶	13,945
Without children	9,950
One-parent-family households	5,085
Multigenerational households⁸	1,725
Multiple-census-family households⁹	345
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,495
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,625
One-person households	11,085
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	99,785
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,850
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,885
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,540
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,910
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,395
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,135
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,960
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	99,905
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,115
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,155
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,650
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,675
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,930
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,705
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,110
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,145
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,570
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	99,905
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,655
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	75,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	103,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,075
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	99,785
Without total income	3,940
With total income	95,850
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,935
$10,000 to $19,999	10,485
$20,000 to $29,999	14,430
$30,000 to $39,999	10,845
$40,000 to $49,999	9,075
$50,000 to $59,999	7,830
$60,000 to $69,999	6,415
$70,000 to $79,999	5,220
$80,000 to $89,999	4,225
$90,000 to $99,999	3,595
$100,000 and over	15,790
$100,000 to $149,999	9,135
$150,000 and over	6,655
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	99,785
Without after-tax income	3,900
With after-tax income	95,885
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,410
$10,000 to $19,999	11,000
$20,000 to $29,999	16,135
$30,000 to $39,999	12,465
$40,000 to $49,999	10,935
$50,000 to $59,999	8,710
$60,000 to $69,999	6,665
$70,000 to $79,999	5,175
$80,000 to $89,999	4,470
$90,000 to $99,999	2,775
$100,000 and over	9,145
$100,000 to $124,999	3,840
$125,000 and over	5,305
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	99,785
Without employment income	31,875
With employment income	67,910
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,365
$5,000 to $9,999	5,675
$10,000 to $19,999	7,060
$20,000 to $29,999	5,095
$30,000 to $39,999	4,835
$40,000 to $49,999	4,990
$50,000 to $59,999	4,780
$60,000 to $69,999	4,095
$70,000 to $79,999	3,300
$80,000 to $89,999	3,025
$90,000 to $99,999	2,850
$100,000 and over	11,840
$100,000 to $124,999	4,710
$125,000 and over	7,135
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	99,785
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,760
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,775
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,405
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,255
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,300
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,785
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	99,905
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,890
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	71,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,910
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,050
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,395
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	71,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,985
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,690
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,895
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	99,905
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,320
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	107,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,530
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	91.2
Employment income (%)	70.8
Government transfers (%)	8.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,250
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,085
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,165
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,345
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	146,600
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	113,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,105
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	64,600
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,850
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,235
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	173,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,250
Under $5,000	330
$5,000 to $9,999	170
$10,000 to $14,999	305
$15,000 to $19,999	480
$20,000 to $24,999	1,165
$25,000 to $29,999	1,195
$30,000 to $34,999	1,160
$35,000 to $39,999	1,280
$40,000 to $44,999	1,415
$45,000 to $49,999	1,410
$50,000 to $59,999	2,855
$60,000 to $69,999	2,945
$70,000 to $79,999	2,640
$80,000 to $89,999	2,580
$90,000 to $99,999	2,470
$100,000 and over	22,850
$100,000 to $124,999	5,130
$125,000 to $149,999	3,930
$150,000 to $199,999	5,520
$200,000 and over	8,270
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,250
Under $5,000	440
$5,000 to $9,999	185
$10,000 to $14,999	310
$15,000 to $19,999	535
$20,000 to $24,999	1,240
$25,000 to $29,999	1,395
$30,000 to $34,999	1,280
$35,000 to $39,999	1,530
$40,000 to $44,999	1,705
$45,000 to $49,999	1,725
$50,000 to $59,999	3,495
$60,000 to $69,999	3,340
$70,000 to $79,999	3,170
$80,000 to $89,999	2,965
$90,000 to $99,999	2,655
$100,000 and over	19,290
$100,000 to $124,999	5,370
$125,000 to $149,999	4,060
$150,000 and over	9,855
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,285
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,205
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,820
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,035
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,475
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,250
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	173,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	133,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,115
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,790
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	221,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	167,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,070
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	98,900
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,900
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,645
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,900
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	116,970
0 to 17 years	21,060
0 to 5 years	6,240
18 to 64 years	70,980
65 years and over	24,930
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,210
0 to 17 years	2,070
0 to 5 years	660
18 to 64 years	4,810
65 years and over	2,325
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	9.8
0 to 5 years (%)	10.5
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8
65 years and over (%)	9.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	116,970
0 to 17 years	21,065
0 to 5 years	6,240
18 to 64 years	70,980
65 years and over	24,925
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,260
0 to 17 years	1,070
0 to 5 years	310
18 to 64 years	3,440
65 years and over	755
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	5.1
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8
65 years and over (%)	3.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	116,970
In bottom half of the distribution	45,670
In bottom decile	8,155
In second decile	9,325
In third decile	9,150
In fourth decile	9,220
In fifth decile	9,820
In top half of the distribution	71,305
In sixth decile	10,655
In seventh decile	10,840
In eighth decile	12,290
In ninth decile	14,525
In top decile	23,000
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	116,970
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.414
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.513
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.350
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	117,590
English only	105,115
French only	75
English and French	9,505
Neither English nor French	2,900
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	117,590
English	112,395
French	1,200
English and French	1,150
Neither English nor French	2,850
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	117,590
Single responses	111,150
Official languages	63,030
English	61,960
French	1,065
Non-official languages	48,120
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	48,115
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,570
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	5
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	860
Bilen	0
Oromo	20
Somali	835
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,700
Amharic	175
Arabic	1,050
Aramaic languages	110
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	80
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10
Harari	5
Hebrew	15
Maltese	235
Tigrigna	110
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	670
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	665
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,945
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25
Cebuano	45
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	65
Ilocano	95
Indonesian	40
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,630
Waray-Waray	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	90
Haitian Creole	20
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	5
Morisyen	35
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	655
Kannada	35
Malayalam	130
Tamil	390
Telugu	90
Tulu	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	35,785
Albanian	1,660
Armenian	95
Balto-Slavic languages	15,370
Baltic languages	370
Latvian	85
Lithuanian	285
Slavic languages	15,000
Belarusian	15
Bulgarian	480
Czech	175
Macedonian	355
Polish	3,105
Russian	1,700
Rusyn	5
Serbo-Croatian	4,390
Bosnian	345
Croatian	1,010
Serbian	2,965
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	75
Slovak	235
Slovene (Slovenian)	265
Ukrainian	4,255
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10
Celtic languages	5
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	985
Frisian	0
High German languages	810
German	780
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	105
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	50
Danish	25
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	805
Indo-Iranian languages	3,960
Indo-Aryan languages	3,020
Assamese	5
Bengali	285
Gujarati	415
Hindi	575
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	25
Marathi	70
Nepali	70
Oriya languages	5
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	465
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	180
Urdu	880
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10
Iranian languages	940
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	25
Parsi	5
Pashto	70
Persian languages	835
Dari	245
Iranian Persian	530
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,900
Catalan	0
Italian	4,975
Portuguese	3,240
Romanian	670
Spanish	3,990
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	145
Korean	1,560
Mongolian	15
Niger-Congo languages	400
Akan (Twi)	140
Bamanankan	0
Edo	15
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	10
Ganda	15
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	15
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	50
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	5
Yoruba	75
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30
Nilo-Saharan languages	10
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,875
Chinese languages	2,440
Hakka	25
Mandarin	1,350
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80
Wu (Shanghainese)	25
Yue (Cantonese)	920
Chinese, n.o.s.	40
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	430
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	415
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	5
Thai	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	575
Azerbaijani	25
Kazakh	0
Turkish	475
Uyghur	50
Uzbek	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15
Uralic languages	760
Estonian	75
Finnish	35
Hungarian	650
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	6,440
English and French	420
English and non-official language(s)	5,195
French and non-official language(s)	95
English, French and non-official language(s)	150
Multiple non-official languages	580
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	117,590
English	68,905
French	260
Non-official language	12,325
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	12,325
English and French	1,135
English and non-official language(s)	32,755
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,205
Multiple non-official languages	965
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	117,590
Single responses	110,075
Official languages	85,500
English	85,050
French	445
Non-official languages	24,575
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,575
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,295
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	455
Bilen	0
Oromo	10
Somali	445
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	830
Amharic	55
Arabic	550
Aramaic languages	80
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	55
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10
Harari	10
Hebrew	0
Maltese	60
Tigrigna	80
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	445
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	445
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,010
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	30
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	45
Ilocano	45
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	5
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	850
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	40
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	25
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	410
Kannada	10
Malayalam	55
Tamil	295
Telugu	40
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	17,380
Albanian	815
Armenian	35
Balto-Slavic languages	8,445
Baltic languages	105
Latvian	25
Lithuanian	80
Slavic languages	8,340
Belarusian	5
Bulgarian	320
Czech	55
Macedonian	185
Polish	1,485
Russian	1,140
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	2,600
Bosnian	200
Croatian	425
Serbian	1,940
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	35
Slovak	80
Slovene (Slovenian)	60
Ukrainian	2,405
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	95
Frisian	0
High German languages	75
German	75
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	295
Indo-Iranian languages	2,330
Indo-Aryan languages	1,805
Assamese	0
Bengali	155
Gujarati	235
Hindi	350
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	25
Nepali	55
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	225
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	115
Urdu	615
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10
Iranian languages	525
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	15
Parsi	0
Pashto	30
Persian languages	485
Dari	150
Iranian Persian	290
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,370
Catalan	0
Italian	1,215
Portuguese	1,450
Romanian	305
Spanish	2,395
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	50
Korean	1,195
Mongolian	15
Niger-Congo languages	185
Akan (Twi)	75
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	5
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	15
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	25
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	5
Yoruba	40
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	35
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,810
Chinese languages	1,465
Hakka	0
Mandarin	940
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	15
Yue (Cantonese)	455
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	345
Burmese	15
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	325
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	370
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	0
Turkish	305
Uyghur	40
Uzbek	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	315
Estonian	20
Finnish	0
Hungarian	295
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	7,515
English and French	235
English and non-official language(s)	7,000
French and non-official language(s)	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	100
Multiple non-official languages	145
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	117,590
None	87,770
English	10,060
French	1,010
Non-official language	15,175
Indigenous³⁹	5
Non-Indigenous	15,170
English and French	165
English and non-official language(s)	1,350
French and non-official language(s)	615
English, French and non-official language(s)	40
Multiple non-official languages	1,410
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	117,200
Official languages	114,290
English	114,215
French	9,455
Non-official languages	61,450
Indigenous languages³⁹	15
Algonquian languages	15
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	61,445
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,055
Berber languages	20
Kabyle	10
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	15
Hausa	15
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	1,685
Bilen	0
Oromo	55
Somali	1,630
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	2,520
Amharic	425
Arabic	1,645
Aramaic languages	125
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	50
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	40
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35
Harari	0
Hebrew	110
Maltese	265
Tigrigna	125
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	835
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	815
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,655
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	90
Cebuano	75
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	120
Ilocano	150
Indonesian	70
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30
Pangasinan	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,520
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	100
Creole languages	240
Haitian Creole	55
Jamaican English Creole	30
Krio	0
Morisyen	65
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	90
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20
Dravidian languages	1,060
Kannada	85
Malayalam	235
Tamil	630
Telugu	160
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	50
Georgian	30
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	46,315
Albanian	1,945
Armenian	110
Balto-Slavic languages	18,205
Baltic languages	565
Latvian	165
Lithuanian	400
Slavic languages	17,705
Belarusian	55
Bulgarian	515
Czech	315
Macedonian	545
Polish	4,520
Russian	3,815
Rusyn	10
Serbo-Croatian	5,575
Bosnian	710
Croatian	1,970
Serbian	4,120
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	80
Slovak	250
Slovene (Slovenian)	335
Ukrainian	5,540
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	25
Irish	15
Scottish Gaelic	10
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,910
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,565
German	1,530
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	40
Yiddish	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	260
Afrikaans	90
Dutch	175
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	110
Danish	70
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	45
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	1,220
Indo-Iranian languages	6,190
Indo-Aryan languages	5,045
Assamese	0
Bengali	500
Gujarati	660
Hindi	2,585
Kacchi	25
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	130
Marathi	215
Nepali	235
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	930
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	145
Urdu	1,600
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	75
Iranian languages	1,230
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	95
Parsi	10
Pashto	180
Persian languages	1,035
Dari	355
Iranian Persian	635
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	18,675
Catalan	0
Italian	7,965
Portuguese	4,400
Romanian	915
Spanish	6,410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	270
Korean	1,755
Mongolian	50
Niger-Congo languages	1,000
Akan (Twi)	265
Bamanankan	0
Edo	15
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	15
Ganda	75
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	30
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	185
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	20
Yoruba	275
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	15
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15
African, n.o.s.	15
Sign languages	105
American Sign Language	90
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,405
Chinese languages	2,990
Hakka	30
Mandarin	1,975
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	180
Wu (Shanghainese)	40
Yue (Cantonese)	1,185
Chinese, n.o.s.	60
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	415
Burmese	45
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	365
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40
Lao	20
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	815
Azerbaijani	45
Kazakh	10
Turkish	680
Uyghur	65
Uzbek	30
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	30
Uralic languages	840
Estonian	65
Finnish	30
Hungarian	745
Other languages, n.i.e.	35
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,205
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	760
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	720
First Nations (North American Indian)	445
Métis	270
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35
Non-Indigenous identity	116,445
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,205
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	210
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	116,995
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,345
Owner	30,565
Renter	14,780
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,345
Condominium	9,710
Not condominium	35,635
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,345
No bedrooms	200
1 bedroom	5,335
2 bedrooms	11,465
3 bedrooms	16,145
4 or more bedrooms	12,195
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,345
1 to 4 rooms	14,360
5 rooms	6,765
6 rooms	5,375
7 rooms	4,865
8 or more rooms	13,970
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,345
One person or fewer per room	43,560
More than one person per room	1,780
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,345
Suitable	41,305
Not suitable	4,040
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,345
1960 or before	13,460
1961 to 1980	21,760
1981 to 1990	3,030
1991 to 2000	1,795
2001 to 2005	915
2006 to 2010	1,025
2011 to 2015	1,910
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,455
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,345
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,760
Major repairs needed	2,580
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,345
One-maintainer household	21,785
Two-maintainer household	20,770
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,785
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,345
15 to 24 years	305
25 to 34 years	3,530
35 to 44 years	6,880
45 to 54 years	8,340
55 to 64 years	10,335
65 to 74 years	7,875
75 to 84 years	4,990
85 years and over	3,075
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,255
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,735
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,520
30% to less than 100%	10,560
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,345
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,290
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,980
Not suitable only	2,930
Major repairs needed only	1,570
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	790
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	695
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	270
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50
Acceptable housing	29,055
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,290
In core need	7,010
Not in core need	37,285
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,560
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	48.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.8
% in core housing need⁶³	8.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,930
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,223,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,785
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.2
% in core housing need⁶³	32.4
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,574
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	117,205
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	115
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	115
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	80
Métis single ancestry	30
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	940
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	930
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	710
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	215
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	116,145
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	117,205
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	106,280
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,720
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	86,560
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10,925
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	117,205
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	66,315
Immigrants⁸¹	48,485
Before 1980	12,890
1980 to 1990	5,730
1991 to 2000	11,020
2001 to 2010	10,055
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,795
2011 to 2015	4,000
2016 to 2021	4,800
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,405
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	48,480
Under 5 years	3,980
5 to 14 years	8,680
15 to 24 years	9,620
25 to 44 years	21,930
45 years and over	4,275
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	48,480
Americas	7,465
Brazil	660
Colombia	655
El Salvador	310
Guyana	490
Haiti	50
Jamaica	1,130
Mexico	430
Peru	250
Trinidad and Tobago	595
United States of America	805
Other places of birth in Americas	2,085
Europe	23,510
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,265
Croatia	935
France	180
Germany	615
Greece	545
Hungary	435
Italy	3,195
Netherlands	145
Poland	2,800
Portugal	1,845
Romania	745
Russian Federation	705
Serbia⁸⁶	1,550
Ukraine	2,860
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,710
Other places of birth in Europe	3,990
Africa	3,180
Algeria	50
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45
Egypt	255
Eritrea	70
Ethiopia	325
Morocco	50
Nigeria	325
Somalia	955
South Africa, Republic of	180
Other places of birth in Africa	920
Asia	14,175
Afghanistan	360
Iran⁸⁸	550
Iraq	240
Lebanon	190
Syria⁸⁹	200
Turkey	350
China⁹⁰	1,540
Hong Kong⁹¹	355
Korea, South⁹²	1,400
Taiwan	175
Philippines	2,445
Viet Nam	630
Bangladesh	265
India	2,575
Pakistan	910
Sri Lanka	465
Other places of birth in Asia	1,545
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	145
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,795
Americas	810
Brazil	145
Colombia	60
Haiti	0
Jamaica	115
Mexico	130
United States of America	95
Venezuela⁹⁵	80
Other places of birth in Americas	180
Europe	1,120
France	35
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10
Italy	40
Russian Federation	45
Ukraine	380
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50
Other places of birth in Europe	555
Africa	635
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	35
Eritrea	15
Ethiopia	100
Morocco	0
Nigeria	150
Somalia	170
South Africa, Republic of	45
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	80
Asia	2,230
Afghanistan	85
Bangladesh	15
China⁹⁰	140
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	630
Iran⁸⁸	45
Iraq	40
Israel	0
Japan	15
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	55
Lebanon	0
Nepal	45
Pakistan	85
Philippines	530
Saudi Arabia	10
Sri Lanka	35
Syria⁸⁹	60
Turkey	105
United Arab Emirates	45
Viet Nam	115
Other places of birth in Asia	165
Oceania and other⁹³	10
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	117,200
First generation¹⁰⁰	51,945
Second generation¹⁰¹	36,495
Third generation or more¹⁰²	28,765
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	35,595
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	17,045
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	7,185
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	9,860
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	10,010
Refugees¹⁰⁸	7,950
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	590
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	35,595
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	3,950
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,280
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	680
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,435
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	355
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	25,895
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	117,205
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	37,205
South Asian	7,885
Chinese	3,625
Black	8,275
Filipino	3,455
Arab	1,130
Latin American	4,630
Southeast Asian	1,360
West Asian	1,300
Korean	1,960
Japanese	475
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,330
Multiple visible minorities	1,775
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	79,995
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	117,205
Canadian	8,350
English	11,670
Irish	10,655
Scottish	10,055
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,265
German	5,125
Chinese	4,110
Italian	16,515
Indian (India)	4,325
Ukrainian	8,275
Dutch	1,390
Polish	6,720
Québécois	110
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,400
Filipino	3,255
French Canadian	640
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,260
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	445
Métis	260
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,620
Russian	2,045
Norwegian	265
Welsh	1,070
Portuguese	5,395
American	775
Spanish	1,860
Swedish	355
Hungarian	1,455
Acadian	125
Pakistani	1,395
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,315
Jewish	800
Punjabi	250
Vietnamese	1,055
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	550
Greek	1,770
Jamaican	1,890
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	800
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40
Korean	1,890
Romanian	1,125
Lebanese	485
Iranian	615
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	795
Danish	250
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	80
Sikh	90
Austrian	700
Belgian	220
Haitian	55
Hindu	520
Mexican	700
Mennonite	10
Swiss	245
Finnish	290
Sri Lankan	435
Croatian	1,965
Japanese	585
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	665
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	65
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	95
Muslim	395
Egyptian	305
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	920
Tamil	280
Icelandic	70
Colombian	655
Moroccan	35
Czech	445
Syrian	225
Guyanese	540
Afghan	575
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	625
Serbian	3,655
Ojibway	60
Newfoundlander	115
Hong Konger	105
Ontarian	230
Persian	340
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	435
Turkish	720
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	230
Algerian	65
Brazilian	725
Nigerian	245
Armenian	225
Slovak	645
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	365
Somali	1,920
Taiwanese	215
Iraqi	155
Salvadorean	335
African Caribbean	365
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	315
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	190
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	275
Algonquin	30
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	355
Lithuanian	695
South African	130
Australian	95
Palestinian	125
Chilean	430
Congolese	50
Nova Scotian	20
Ethiopian	290
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	345
Peruvian	390
Yoruba	170
Cambodian (Khmer)	75
Berber	20
Albanian	2,165
Maltese	945
Macedonian	760
Slovenian	700
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75
New Brunswicker	20
Gujarati	180
Eritrean	135
African Canadian	90
Israeli	70
Mohawk	45
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	100
Bulgarian	505
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	355
Barbadian	145
African American	100
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	415
Tunisian	10
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	395
Cuban	240
Bosnian	625
Venezuelan	175
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	360
Bengali	170
Cameroonian	45
Guatemalan	180
Indonesian	70
Laotian	40
Ilocano	110
Northern Irish	85
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	85
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	440
Franco Ontarian	15
Argentinian	205
Estonian	175
Kurdish	125
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25
Coptic	30
Thai	55
Dominican	140
Nepali	100
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	90
Igbo	55
Byelorussian	125
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	75
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	35
Sudanese	10
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25
Malaysian	35
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	40
Gaspesian	10
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	90
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	70
Mauritian	70
Kenyan	40
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	85
Jordanian	15
Manitoban	10
Cape Bretoner	15
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	110
Malayali	75
Chaldean	70
Sinhalese	55
Mayan	0
Honduran	30
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	80
Flemish	40
United Empire Loyalist	80
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	75
Sicilian	10
Pashtun	65
Malay	15
Goan	215
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40
Tibetan	390
Zimbabwean	25
Burmese	55
Mongolian	120
Azorean	95
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	45
Ugandan	70
Oromo	65
Tanzanian	20
Yemeni	95
Central African	0
Libyan	35
Basque	15
Uruguayan	115
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	105
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	35
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	10
St. Lucian	25
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	10
Roma	45
Costa Rican	35
African Nova Scotian	25
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	60
Singaporean	20
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	75
Amhara	80
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	117,205
Buddhist	1,380
Christian	79,495
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,025
Anabaptist	25
Anglican	3,540
Baptist	1,070
Catholic	48,345
Christian Orthodox	8,850
Jehovah's Witness	485
Latter Day Saints	75
Lutheran	795
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	155
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	920
Presbyterian	1,690
Reformed	65
United Church	3,260
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,200
Hindu	2,900
Jewish	490
Muslim	8,130
Sikh	420
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	570
No religion and secular perspectives	23,815
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	116,265
Non-movers	107,510
Movers	8,755
Non-migrants	6,510
Migrants	2,245
Internal migrants	1,390
Intraprovincial migrants	1,235
Interprovincial migrants	160
External migrants	855
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	112,100
Non-movers	81,015
Movers	31,080
Non-migrants	19,020
Migrants	12,060
Internal migrants	7,100
Intraprovincial migrants	6,290
Interprovincial migrants	810
External migrants	4,960
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	99,905
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,170
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,730
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,735
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,530
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,210
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	99,900
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,955
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,030
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,920
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,385
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,560
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,545
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,010
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,915
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,910
Bachelor's degree or higher	37,540
Bachelor's degree	24,385
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,865
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,115
Master's degree	8,020
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,145
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,735
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,050
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,285
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,825
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,615
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,435
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,180
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,240
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,965
Bachelor's degree or higher	28,465
Bachelor's degree	18,610
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,120
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	795
Master's degree	6,155
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	785
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	99,900
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,980
Education	3,950
13. Education	3,950
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,375
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235
50. Visual and performing arts	2,140
Humanities	4,055
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	580
23. English language and literature/letters	1,025
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	965
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	105
38. Philosophy and religious studies	190
39. Theology and religious vocations	290
54. History	675
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	235
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,715
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,155
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,185
22. Legal professions and studies	1,745
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	155
42. Psychology	1,310
45. Social sciences	4,050
Business, management and public administration	14,235
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45
44. Public administration and social service professions	860
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,325
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,970
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,235
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	715
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80
40. Physical sciences	835
41. Science technologies/technicians	105
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,230
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,370
25. Library science	180
27. Mathematics and statistics	580
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	105
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,820
04. Architecture and related services	745
14. Engineering	4,730
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,960
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,520
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,190
48. Precision production	680
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	855
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	550
03. Natural resources and conservation	310
Health and related fields	7,205
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	735
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,130
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	325
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,490
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,505
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15
43. Security and protective services	620
49. Transportation and materials moving	330
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,445
Education	2,630
13. Education	2,630
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,760
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170
50. Visual and performing arts	1,585
Humanities	2,770
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	395
23. English language and literature/letters	685
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	740
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130
39. Theology and religious vocations	190
54. History	450
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	120
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,440
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	870
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	870
22. Legal professions and studies	1,465
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120
42. Psychology	960
45. Social sciences	3,080
Business, management and public administration	10,970
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40
44. Public administration and social service professions	660
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,275
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,980
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	815
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	510
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75
40. Physical sciences	535
41. Science technologies/technicians	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,670
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,070
25. Library science	95
27. Mathematics and statistics	420
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,555
04. Architecture and related services	535
14. Engineering	3,500
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,375
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,040
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	710
48. Precision production	390
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	655
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	400
03. Natural resources and conservation	250
Health and related fields	5,070
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	545
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,320
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	205
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,775
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,080
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	465
49. Transportation and materials moving	210
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,735
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	45,290
Location of study inside Canada	32,395
Same as province or territory of residence	30,815
Different than province or territory of residence	1,575
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	12,895
Americas	2,595
United States of America	1,360
Mexico	180
Cuba	105
Haiti	0
Jamaica	85
Brazil	260
Colombia	205
Peru	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	90
Other locations of study in Americas	270
Europe	5,175
Belgium	25
France	105
Germany	50
Netherlands	10
Switzerland	25
Hungary	55
Moldova¹⁸³	65
Poland	465
Romania	325
Russian Federation	355
Ukraine	1,190
Ireland⁹⁶	40
United Kingdom⁸⁷	515
Bosnia and Herzegovina	245
Italy	40
Serbia⁸⁶	575
Other locations of study in Europe	1,070
Africa	605
Nigeria	130
Algeria	10
Morocco	20
Tunisia	0
Egypt	65
South Africa, Republic of	60
Other locations of study in Africa	310
Asia	4,385
Iran⁸⁸	145
Iraq	60
Israel	25
Lebanon	45
Syria⁸⁹	10
Turkey	145
China⁹⁰	540
Taiwan	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	45
Korea, South⁹²	405
Philippines	960
Viet Nam	40
Bangladesh	130
Sri Lanka	40
India	1,230
Pakistan	220
Other locations of study in Asia	325
Oceania	140
Australia	125
New Zealand	20
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	99,900
In the labour force	61,275
Employed	53,450
Unemployed	7,830
Not in the labour force	38,625
Participation rate	61.3
Employment rate	53.5
Unemployment rate	12.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	99,900
Did not work¹⁸⁶	39,210
Worked	60,695
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,730
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,965
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	61,275
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,950
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	59,325
Employee	48,530
Permanent position	41,460
Temporary position	7,070
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,295
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,775
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,795
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	61,275
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,950
All occupations¹⁹¹	59,325
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,370
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,955
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,060
3 Health occupations	3,995
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,475
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,235
6 Sales and service occupations	13,805
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,195
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	425
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,800
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	61,275
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,950
All industries¹⁹¹	59,325
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	110
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	75
22 Utilities	280
23 Construction	5,135
31-33 Manufacturing	4,125
41 Wholesale trade	2,440
44-45 Retail trade	6,160
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,530
51 Information and cultural industries	1,700
52 Finance and insurance	4,315
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,950
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,995
55 Management of companies and enterprises	350
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,980
61 Educational services	4,880
62 Health care and social assistance	6,210
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,120
72 Accommodation and food services	2,260
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,180
91 Public administration	2,525
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	65,255
English	60,650
French	100
Non-official language	475
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	475
English and French	1,045
English and non-official language(s)	2,850
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	95
Multiple non-official languages	35
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	65,255
Single responses	64,595
Official languages	63,605
English	63,375
French	230
Non-official languages	995
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	995
Afro-Asiatic languages	20
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	10
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	20
Amharic	0
Arabic	20
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	20
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	20
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	715
Albanian	15
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	380
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	380
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	90
Russian	85
Serbo-Croatian	55
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	55
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	155
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	15
Frisian	0
High German languages	15
German	15
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35
Indo-Aryan languages	30
Bengali	10
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	265
Catalan	0
Italian	40
Portuguese	120
Romanian	0
Spanish	105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	95
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85
Chinese languages	85
Hakka	0
Mandarin	70
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	15
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	660
English and French	205
English and non-official language(s)	445
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	65,255
None	61,805
English	580
French	730
Non-official language	1,735
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,735
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	30
French and non-official language(s)	75
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	300
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,445
Worked at home	18,980
Worked outside Canada	285
No fixed workplace address	6,590
Usual place of work	27,595
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	27,590
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,355
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,185
Commute to a different province or territory	50
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	34,180
Car, truck or van	26,695
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,125
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,570
Public transit	5,260
Walked	1,035
Bicycle	160
Other method	1,035
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	34,180
Less than 15 minutes	6,630
15 to 29 minutes	12,480
30 to 44 minutes	8,490
45 to 59 minutes	3,100
60 minutes and over	3,485
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	34,180
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,920
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,040
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,170
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,485
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,535
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,030
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,520
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,800
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,725
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,010
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,390
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	850
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	540
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,620

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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