Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Glengarry--Prescott--RussellMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	116,463	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	109,975	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	48,266	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	46,595	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	40.0	...	...	40.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,909.26	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	116,465	57,855	58,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,115	9,785	9,330	16.4	16.9	15.9
0 to 4 years	5,850	3,035	2,815	5.0	5.2	4.8
5 to 9 years	6,585	3,280	3,305	5.7	5.7	5.6
10 to 14 years	6,680	3,470	3,210	5.7	6.0	5.5
15 to 64 years	73,395	36,700	36,695	63.0	63.4	62.6
15 to 19 years	6,080	3,135	2,945	5.2	5.4	5.0
20 to 24 years	5,250	2,745	2,505	4.5	4.7	4.3
25 to 29 years	6,080	3,075	3,010	5.2	5.3	5.1
30 to 34 years	7,075	3,490	3,585	6.1	6.0	6.1
35 to 39 years	7,125	3,550	3,575	6.1	6.1	6.1
40 to 44 years	6,790	3,365	3,425	5.8	5.8	5.8
45 to 49 years	7,295	3,550	3,745	6.3	6.1	6.4
50 to 54 years	7,960	3,940	4,020	6.8	6.8	6.9
55 to 59 years	10,195	5,115	5,080	8.8	8.8	8.7
60 to 64 years	9,545	4,745	4,805	8.2	8.2	8.2
65 years and over	23,955	11,375	12,580	20.6	19.7	21.5
65 to 69 years	8,090	3,990	4,090	6.9	6.9	7.0
70 to 74 years	6,470	3,185	3,285	5.6	5.5	5.6
75 to 79 years	4,475	2,150	2,325	3.8	3.7	4.0
80 to 84 years	2,610	1,195	1,410	2.2	2.1	2.4
85 years and over	2,315	845	1,465	2.0	1.5	2.5
85 to 89 years	1,455	580	870	1.2	1.0	1.5
90 to 94 years	650	215	430	0.6	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	175	40	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	30	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	16.9	15.9	16.4	16.9	15.9
15 to 64 years	63.0	63.4	62.6	63.0	63.4	62.6
65 years and over	20.6	19.7	21.5	20.6	19.7	21.5
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.5	2.0	1.5	2.5
Average age of the population	43.4	42.7	44.1	43.4	42.7	44.1
Median age of the population	45.6	44.8	46.4	45.6	44.8	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,760	...	...	74.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,730	...	...	5.9	...	...
Row house	1,290	...	...	2.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,060	...	...	4.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,105	...	...	11.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	370	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,245	...	...	24.1	...	...
2 persons	18,410	...	...	39.5	...	...
3 persons	6,880	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	6,575	...	...	14.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,485	...	...	7.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	114,070	56,940	57,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	97,350	48,075	49,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	61,900	30,890	31,015	63.6	64.3	62.9
Married	46,490	23,220	23,270	47.8	48.3	47.2
Living common-law	15,410	7,675	7,740	15.8	16.0	15.7
Living common law - Never married	10,755	5,355	5,400	11.0	11.1	11.0
Living common law - Separated	760	410	350	0.8	0.9	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	3,340	1,670	1,670	3.4	3.5	3.4
Living common law - Widowed	565	235	325	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	35,445	17,185	18,260	36.4	35.7	37.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,210	12,315	9,890	22.8	25.6	20.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,665	1,250	1,410	2.7	2.6	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,170	2,315	2,850	5.3	4.8	5.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,410	1,300	4,115	5.6	2.7	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,310	...	...	55.2	...	...
3 persons	6,775	...	...	19.4	...	...
4 persons	6,245	...	...	17.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,625	...	...	7.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	30,500	...	...	87.2	...	...
Married couples	22,805	...	...	65.2	...	...
With children⁶	10,480	...	...	30.0	...	...
Without children	12,320	...	...	35.2	...	...
Common-law couples	7,695	...	...	22.0	...	...
With children⁶	3,355	...	...	9.6	...	...
Without children	4,340	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,460	...	...	12.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,175	...	...	9.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,285	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	114,070	56,940	57,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	98,010	49,115	48,895	85.9	86.3	85.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	61,005	30,430	30,570	53.5	53.4	53.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,455	1,280	3,175	3.9	2.2	5.6
Children⁶	32,545	17,400	15,150	28.5	30.6	26.5
In a two-parent family	25,655	13,620	12,030	22.5	23.9	21.1
In a one-parent family	6,890	3,775	3,115	6.0	6.6	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,060	7,825	8,240	14.1	13.7	14.4
Living alone	11,245	5,370	5,875	9.9	9.4	10.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,125	915	1,210	1.9	1.6	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	2,695	1,535	1,160	2.4	2.7	2.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,515	...	...	67.6	...	...
Couple-family households	27,985	...	...	60.1	...	...
With children⁶	12,710	...	...	27.3	...	...
Without children	15,275	...	...	32.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,525	...	...	7.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,115	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	265	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,225	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,230	...	...	2.6	...	...
One-person households	11,240	...	...	24.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,965	47,160	47,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,395	45,835	46,560	97.3	97.2	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	52,400	42,000	47,200	52,400	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,460	45,865	46,595	97.4	97.3	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	45,600	37,600	41,600	45,600	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,670	42,285	41,385	88.1	89.7	86.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	48,800	36,000	42,400	48,800	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,590	35,195	32,395	71.2	74.6	67.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	49,600	39,200	44,000	49,600	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,335	40,470	41,865	86.7	85.8	87.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	7,000	9,900	8,700	7,000	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,935	3,840	4,095	8.4	8.1	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,480	5,960	5,600	5,480	5,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,040	10,615	10,420	22.2	22.5	21.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,975	47,175	47,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,470	45,875	46,595	97.4	97.2	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,850	60,650	49,080	54,850	60,650	49,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,535	45,905	46,630	97.4	97.3	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,080	50,280	42,000	46,080	50,280	42,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,450	42,320	41,130	87.9	89.7	86.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,440	56,700	44,040	50,440	56,700	44,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,595	35,235	32,360	71.2	74.7	67.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,480	55,200	45,360	50,480	55,200	45,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,510	40,630	41,880	86.9	86.1	87.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,420	9,460	11,350	10,420	9,460	11,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,170	3,940	4,230	8.6	8.4	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,890	5,720	7,980	6,890	5,720	7,980
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,030	10,515	10,510	22.1	22.3	22.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,150	7,870	8,440	8,150	7,870	8,440
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,980	47,180	47,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,485	20,445	16,040	38.4	43.3	33.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	69,000	63,600	67,000	69,000	63,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,500	75,400	68,700	72,500	75,400	68,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,790	10,550	12,235	24.0	22.4	25.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	21,000	17,600	19,200	21,000	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,040	31,600	24,960	28,040	31,600	24,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.0	86.2	79.2	83.0	86.2	79.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4	69.8	64.2	67.4	69.8	64.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.0	13.8	20.8	17.0	13.8	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	3.4	4.8	4.0	3.4	4.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4	3.0	3.9	3.4	3.0	3.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,965	47,160	47,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,570	1,325	1,245	2.7	2.8	2.6
With total income	92,395	45,835	46,560	97.3	97.2	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,985	2,540	3,440	6.5	5.5	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,390	4,230	6,160	11.2	9.2	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	12,450	5,430	7,020	13.5	11.8	15.1
$30,000 to $39,999	10,295	4,755	5,545	11.1	10.4	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	10,090	4,820	5,270	10.9	10.5	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	9,125	4,475	4,650	9.9	9.8	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	8,075	4,250	3,825	8.7	9.3	8.2
$70,000 to $79,999	6,420	3,600	2,825	6.9	7.9	6.1
$80,000 to $89,999	5,105	2,920	2,185	5.5	6.4	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,875	2,200	1,680	4.2	4.8	3.6
$100,000 and over	10,590	6,625	3,965	11.5	14.5	8.5
$100,000 to $149,999	8,235	4,925	3,310	8.9	10.7	7.1
$150,000 and over	2,360	1,705	660	2.6	3.7	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,965	47,160	47,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,500	1,295	1,210	2.6	2.7	2.5
With after-tax income	92,465	45,865	46,595	97.4	97.3	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,505	2,715	3,785	7.0	5.9	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	10,810	4,440	6,365	11.7	9.7	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	14,120	6,210	7,910	15.3	13.5	17.0
$30,000 to $39,999	12,750	6,020	6,730	13.8	13.1	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	12,270	6,020	6,250	13.3	13.1	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	10,745	5,725	5,015	11.6	12.5	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	7,955	4,380	3,575	8.6	9.5	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,920	3,365	2,555	6.4	7.3	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,545	2,440	2,110	4.9	5.3	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,580	1,585	1,000	2.8	3.5	2.1
$100,000 and over	4,265	2,965	1,305	4.6	6.5	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,585	1,740	845	2.8	3.8	1.8
$125,000 and over	1,680	1,220	460	1.8	2.7	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,965	47,160	47,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,375	11,965	15,410	28.8	25.4	32.2
With employment income	67,595	35,195	32,395	71.2	74.6	67.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,860	4,425	4,440	13.1	12.6	13.7
$5,000 to $9,999	4,550	1,995	2,550	6.7	5.7	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	6,945	3,230	3,715	10.3	9.2	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	5,410	2,545	2,865	8.0	7.2	8.8
$30,000 to $39,999	5,630	2,695	2,935	8.3	7.7	9.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,855	2,910	2,945	8.7	8.3	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	5,740	2,980	2,765	8.5	8.5	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,405	2,945	2,455	8.0	8.4	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,395	2,525	1,875	6.5	7.2	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,800	2,190	1,615	5.6	6.2	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	3,165	1,780	1,385	4.7	5.1	4.3
$100,000 and over	7,835	4,980	2,850	11.6	14.1	8.8
$100,000 to $124,999	4,720	2,790	1,930	7.0	7.9	6.0
$125,000 and over	3,110	2,190	920	4.6	6.2	2.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,965	47,160	47,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,055	45,100	45,955	95.9	95.6	96.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	51,200	39,600	45,200	51,200	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,110	45,100	46,015	95.9	95.6	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,400	35,600	40,000	44,400	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,590	41,720	40,875	87.0	88.5	85.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	49,200	36,800	42,800	49,200	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,835	35,170	32,670	71.4	74.6	68.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	49,200	38,800	44,000	49,200	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,300	38,420	39,885	82.5	81.5	83.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,320	1,780	6,500	4,320	1,780	6,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,670	3,670	4,005	8.1	7.8	8.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,200	5,360	5,280	5,200	5,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,975	47,175	47,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,145	45,190	45,955	96.0	95.8	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,600	58,800	46,520	52,600	58,800	46,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,190	45,190	46,005	96.0	95.8	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,160	48,640	39,760	44,160	48,640	39,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,605	41,800	40,805	87.0	88.6	85.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,560	57,100	43,880	50,560	57,100	43,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,185	35,355	32,825	71.8	74.9	68.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,080	55,100	44,640	50,080	55,100	44,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,530	38,525	40,005	82.7	81.7	83.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,850	7,020	8,640	7,850	7,020	8,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,895	3,795	4,100	8.3	8.0	8.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,020	6,135	7,840	7,020	6,135	7,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,980	47,180	47,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,370	20,350	16,020	38.3	43.1	33.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	66,500	59,600	63,200	66,500	59,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,900	72,400	64,400	68,900	72,400	64,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,645	9,990	11,655	22.8	21.2	24.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	28,200	21,400	24,000	28,200	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,920	37,600	28,880	32,920	37,600	28,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.2	89.8	83.8	87.2	89.8	83.8
Employment income (%)	71.2	73.4	68.6	71.2	73.4	68.6
Government transfers (%)	12.8	10.2	16.2	12.8	10.2	16.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.5	1.2	0.9	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,595	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,610	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,800	...	...	108,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,500	...	...	91,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,080	...	...	51,080	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,355	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,100	...	...	127,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	385	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	830	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,625	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,370	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,240	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,540	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,535	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,430	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,895	...	...	6.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,945	...	...	6.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,900	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,810	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,655	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,010	...	...	47.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,260	...	...	13.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,830	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,100	...	...	13.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,825	...	...	10.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	395	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	865	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,690	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,620	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,440	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,790	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,820	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,690	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,595	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,550	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,500	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,420	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,220	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,530	...	...	37.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,475	...	...	13.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,485	...	...	9.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,570	...	...	14.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	34,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,470	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,935	6,905	7,030	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	43,200	38,000	40,400	43,200	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	38,400	34,800	36,400	38,400	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	34,455	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,200	...	...	127,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,100	...	...	109,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,800	...	...	158,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,600	...	...	132,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,400	...	...	85,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,800	...	...	74,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,980	7,010	6,970	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,160	52,150	46,120	49,160	52,150	46,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,440	42,880	39,960	41,440	42,880	39,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	114,070	56,935	57,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,930	11,750	11,180	20.1	20.6	19.6
0 to 5 years	7,140	3,665	3,470	6.3	6.4	6.1
18 to 64 years	68,965	34,355	34,610	60.5	60.3	60.6
65 years and over	22,175	10,825	11,350	19.4	19.0	19.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,155	4,335	4,820	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,685	880	810	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	575	290	285	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,600	2,285	2,315	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,865	1,165	1,700	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.0	7.6	8.4	8.0	7.6	8.4
0 to 17 years (%)	7.4	7.5	7.2	7.4	7.5	7.2
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	8.0	8.1	8.0	8.0	8.1
18 to 64 years (%)	6.7	6.7	6.7	6.7	6.7	6.7
65 years and over (%)	12.9	10.8	15.0	12.9	10.8	15.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	114,070	56,940	57,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,930	11,755	11,175	20.1	20.6	19.6
0 to 5 years	7,140	3,665	3,475	6.3	6.4	6.1
18 to 64 years	68,965	34,355	34,610	60.5	60.3	60.6
65 years and over	22,175	10,830	11,345	19.4	19.0	19.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,100	1,165	940	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	315	155	165	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	95	50	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,560	910	650	...	...	...
65 years and over	225	105	125	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.8	2.1	1.6	1.8	2.1	1.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.4
18 to 64 years (%)	2.3	2.7	1.9	2.3	2.7	1.9
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.9	1.1	1.0	0.9	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	114,070	56,935	57,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	46,955	22,905	24,045	41.2	40.2	42.1
In bottom decile	7,670	3,710	3,960	6.7	6.5	6.9
In second decile	9,040	4,285	4,755	7.9	7.5	8.3
In third decile	9,375	4,550	4,825	8.2	8.0	8.4
In fourth decile	9,870	4,870	5,005	8.7	8.6	8.8
In fifth decile	11,005	5,495	5,500	9.6	9.7	9.6
In top half of the distribution	67,110	34,025	33,085	58.8	59.8	57.9
In sixth decile	12,005	6,015	5,990	10.5	10.6	10.5
In seventh decile	13,150	6,615	6,535	11.5	11.6	11.4
In eighth decile	14,270	7,305	6,960	12.5	12.8	12.2
In ninth decile	15,595	7,920	7,680	13.7	13.9	13.4
In top decile	12,095	6,180	5,920	10.6	10.9	10.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	114,070	...	...	114,070	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.293	...	...	0.293	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.393	...	...	0.393	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.260	...	...	0.260	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	115,165	57,270	57,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	30,960	16,180	14,785	26.9	28.3	25.5
French only	9,770	4,515	5,255	8.5	7.9	9.1
English and French	74,235	36,475	37,765	64.5	63.7	65.2
Neither English nor French	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	115,165	57,270	57,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	49,205	24,920	24,285	42.7	43.5	41.9
French	64,030	31,415	32,615	55.6	54.9	56.3
English and French	1,760	845	910	1.5	1.5	1.6
Neither English nor French	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	115,165	57,270	57,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,965	54,710	55,255	95.5	95.5	95.4
Official languages	105,320	52,390	52,930	91.5	91.5	91.4
English	42,880	21,745	21,135	37.2	38.0	36.5
French	62,440	30,640	31,800	54.2	53.5	54.9
Non-official languages	4,645	2,320	2,325	4.0	4.1	4.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,630	2,310	2,320	4.0	4.0	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	490	280	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	470	270	200	0.4	0.5	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	465	260	200	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	155	40	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,110	1,590	1,520	2.7	2.8	2.6
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	570	270	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	555	265	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,035	525	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	710	355	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
German	510	250	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	205	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	290	145	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	435	215	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	325	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	960	525	440	0.8	0.9	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	240	145	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	185	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	470	240	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	175	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	175	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,205	2,560	2,640	4.5	4.5	4.6
English and French	4,400	2,155	2,240	3.8	3.8	3.9
English and non-official language(s)	460	230	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	115,165	57,270	57,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	45,675	23,315	22,360	39.7	40.7	38.6
French	47,100	23,115	23,990	40.9	40.4	41.4
Non-official language	735	380	360	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	740	380	355	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	17,895	8,615	9,285	15.5	15.0	16.0
English and non-official language(s)	2,355	1,180	1,175	2.0	2.1	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	365	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	995	480	515	0.9	0.8	0.9
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	115,165	57,270	57,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,980	54,800	55,180	95.5	95.7	95.3
Official languages	108,400	53,990	54,405	94.1	94.3	94.0
English	53,590	27,170	26,425	46.5	47.4	45.6
French	54,805	26,825	27,980	47.6	46.8	48.3
Non-official languages	1,585	810	775	1.4	1.4	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,580	805	770	1.4	1.4	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,000	515	485	0.9	0.9	0.8
Albanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	240	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	265	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	285	155	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	205	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,185	2,470	2,715	4.5	4.3	4.7
English and French	4,390	2,085	2,300	3.8	3.6	4.0
English and non-official language(s)	555	275	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	115,165	57,270	57,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	98,420	49,145	49,275	85.5	85.8	85.1
English	7,910	3,835	4,075	6.9	6.7	7.0
French	6,435	3,120	3,315	5.6	5.4	5.7
Non-official language	1,485	730	755	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,470	725	740	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	275	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	385	185	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	114,035	56,895	57,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	113,850	56,825	57,025	99.8	99.9	99.8
English	104,450	52,445	52,010	91.6	92.2	91.0
French	83,150	40,870	42,280	72.9	71.8	74.0
Non-official languages	8,570	4,125	4,445	7.5	7.3	7.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,525	4,120	4,410	7.5	7.2	7.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	830	460	375	0.7	0.8	0.7
Berber languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	805	430	365	0.7	0.8	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	775	415	355	0.7	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	265	65	200	0.2	0.1	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	245	50	190	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	435	230	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian Creole	370	190	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,915	2,850	3,065	5.2	5.0	5.4
Albanian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	785	360	430	0.7	0.6	0.8
Baltic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	765	355	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	275	115	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,610	840	770	1.4	1.5	1.3
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,220	630	585	1.1	1.1	1.0
German	1,010	510	500	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	260	145	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	390	195	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Danish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	545	275	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	425	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,055	1,400	1,655	2.7	2.5	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	620	310	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Portuguese	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,180	960	1,220	1.9	1.7	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	415	235	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	180	110	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	170	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	140	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,035	56,895	57,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,955	2,370	2,590	4.3	4.2	4.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,725	2,255	2,470	4.1	4.0	4.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,465	1,120	1,345	2.2	2.0	2.4
Métis	2,175	1,085	1,085	1.9	1.9	1.9
Inuk (Inuit)	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	109,080	54,530	54,550	95.7	95.8	95.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,035	56,895	57,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	895	430	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	113,140	56,465	56,675	99.2	99.2	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	36,535	...	...	78.4	...	...
Renter	10,080	...	...	21.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,840	...	...	6.1	...	...
Not condominium	43,775	...	...	93.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	3,415	...	...	7.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,050	...	...	23.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,935	...	...	42.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,120	...	...	26.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,700	...	...	18.7	...	...
5 rooms	7,185	...	...	15.4	...	...
6 rooms	7,855	...	...	16.9	...	...
7 rooms	6,905	...	...	14.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,975	...	...	34.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,325	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	290	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	45,545	...	...	97.7	...	...
Not suitable	1,065	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,965	...	...	19.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,360	...	...	22.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,885	...	...	16.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,250	...	...	13.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,325	...	...	7.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,325	...	...	7.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,055	...	...	6.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,445	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,740	...	...	93.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,875	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,865	...	...	44.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	24,490	...	...	52.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,260	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	740	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,650	...	...	12.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,105	...	...	15.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,415	...	...	18.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,965	...	...	23.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,305	...	...	17.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,300	...	...	9.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,140	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,895	...	...	85.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,755	...	...	14.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,335	...	...	13.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,850	...	...	21.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,045	...	...	13.0	...	...
Not suitable only	850	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,105	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	620	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,765	...	...	78.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	45,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,675	...	...	5.9	...	...
Not in core need	42,560	...	...	94.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35,720	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.3	...	...	62.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,402	...	...	1,402	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	463,600	...	...	463,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,015	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.8	...	...	33.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.3	...	...	17.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,028	...	...	1,028	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	114,035	56,900	57,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,425	1,185	1,235	2.1	2.1	2.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,355	1,145	1,210	2.1	2.0	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,735	835	900	1.5	1.5	1.6
Métis single ancestry	580	290	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,540	3,095	3,445	5.7	5.4	6.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,375	3,050	3,325	5.6	5.4	5.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,005	2,420	2,585	4.4	4.3	4.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,345	620	720	1.2	1.1	1.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	165	50	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	150	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	105,070	52,610	52,455	92.1	92.5	91.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	114,035	56,900	57,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	112,220	56,015	56,210	98.4	98.4	98.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,610	11,490	11,120	19.8	20.2	19.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	89,605	44,520	45,090	78.6	78.2	78.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,815	885	930	1.6	1.6	1.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	114,035	56,900	57,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	107,065	53,390	53,680	93.9	93.8	94.0
Immigrants⁸¹	6,645	3,310	3,335	5.8	5.8	5.8
Before 1980	2,010	1,035	980	1.8	1.8	1.7
1980 to 1990	965	470	495	0.8	0.8	0.9
1991 to 2000	1,045	565	485	0.9	1.0	0.8
2001 to 2010	1,280	645	630	1.1	1.1	1.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,350	605	745	1.2	1.1	1.3
2011 to 2015	665	295	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
2016 to 2021	685	305	380	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	320	195	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,645	3,315	3,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	855	455	395	12.9	13.7	11.9
5 to 14 years	1,380	705	675	20.8	21.3	20.3
15 to 24 years	1,360	635	730	20.5	19.2	21.9
25 to 44 years	2,555	1,260	1,295	38.4	38.0	38.9
45 years and over	500	265	235	7.5	8.0	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,645	3,315	3,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,410	675	735	21.2	20.4	22.1
Brazil	60	30	25	0.9	0.9	0.8
Colombia	65	30	30	1.0	0.9	0.9
El Salvador	30	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.6
Guyana	90	30	60	1.4	0.9	1.8
Haiti	295	145	150	4.4	4.4	4.5
Jamaica	80	35	45	1.2	1.1	1.4
Mexico	65	35	35	1.0	1.1	1.1
Peru	25	15	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	50	20	35	0.8	0.6	1.1
United States of America	420	190	235	6.3	5.7	7.1
Other places of birth in Americas	230	135	100	3.5	4.1	3.0
Europe	3,075	1,625	1,445	46.3	49.0	43.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.6
Croatia	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
France	225	130	95	3.4	3.9	2.9
Germany	370	185	190	5.6	5.6	5.7
Greece	45	20	25	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hungary	50	30	15	0.8	0.9	0.5
Italy	90	60	35	1.4	1.8	1.1
Netherlands	225	135	90	3.4	4.1	2.7
Poland	155	60	100	2.3	1.8	3.0
Portugal	110	70	40	1.7	2.1	1.2
Romania	100	40	65	1.5	1.2	2.0
Russian Federation	50	30	20	0.8	0.9	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	35	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ukraine	50	25	30	0.8	0.8	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	890	500	390	13.4	15.1	11.7
Other places of birth in Europe	640	325	315	9.6	9.8	9.5
Africa	815	435	380	12.3	13.1	11.4
Algeria	65	30	35	1.0	0.9	1.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	115	70	45	1.7	2.1	1.4
Egypt	60	35	25	0.9	1.1	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	90	40	45	1.4	1.2	1.4
Nigeria	65	30	35	1.0	0.9	1.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	35	10	0.6	1.1	0.3
Other places of birth in Africa	370	185	185	5.6	5.6	5.6
Asia	1,290	550	735	19.4	16.6	22.1
Afghanistan	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	70	30	45	1.1	0.9	1.4
Iraq	25	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Lebanon	180	105	75	2.7	3.2	2.3
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Turkey	60	30	35	0.9	0.9	1.1
China⁹⁰	130	30	95	2.0	0.9	2.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	20	0.6	0.6	0.6
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Philippines	220	40	180	3.3	1.2	5.4
Viet Nam	35	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.6
Bangladesh	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
India	190	100	95	2.9	3.0	2.9
Pakistan	80	45	40	1.2	1.4	1.2
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	165	85	80	2.5	2.6	2.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	25	25	0.8	0.8	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	685	310	375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	195	90	105	28.5	29.0	28.0
Brazil	25	10	20	3.6	3.2	5.3
Colombia	25	0	15	3.6	0.0	4.0
Haiti	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	2.2	0.0	2.7
United States of America	60	25	30	8.8	8.1	8.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	65	40	25	9.5	12.9	6.7
Europe	85	40	45	12.4	12.9	12.0
France	15	0	10	2.2	0.0	2.7
Germany	10	0	0	1.5	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	20	10	4.4	6.5	2.7
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.7
Africa	130	70	65	19.0	22.6	17.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	15	0	3.6	4.8	0.0
Nigeria	35	20	15	5.1	6.5	4.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	25	15	15	3.6	4.8	4.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	10	2.2	0.0	2.7
Asia	265	100	170	38.7	32.3	45.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	15	3.6	0.0	4.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	105	55	50	15.3	17.7	13.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.7
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	10	10	2.9	3.2	2.7
Philippines	50	10	45	7.3	3.2	12.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	30	10	20	4.4	3.2	5.3
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	114,030	56,895	57,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,765	3,920	3,845	6.8	6.9	6.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,930	4,970	4,965	8.7	8.7	8.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	96,340	48,010	48,330	84.5	84.4	84.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,635	2,280	2,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,210	1,150	1,060	47.7	50.4	45.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	905	575	330	19.5	25.2	14.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,305	575	730	28.2	25.2	31.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,695	760	935	36.6	33.3	39.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	665	345	315	14.3	15.1	13.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	75	25	50	1.6	1.1	2.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,635	2,280	2,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	350	165	185	7.6	7.2	7.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	675	330	345	14.6	14.5	14.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	165	105	60	3.6	4.6	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	165	90	80	3.6	3.9	3.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,260	1,580	1,680	70.3	69.3	71.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	114,035	56,895	57,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,540	2,715	2,825	4.9	4.8	4.9
South Asian	715	370	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Chinese	415	155	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Black	2,075	1,110	970	1.8	2.0	1.7
Filipino	410	150	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Arab	735	355	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
Latin American	425	215	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	125	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Asian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	245	100	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	108,490	54,185	54,305	95.1	95.2	95.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	114,035	56,900	57,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	32,965	16,295	16,670	28.9	28.6	29.2
English	12,060	5,845	6,215	10.6	10.3	10.9
Irish	17,660	8,540	9,120	15.5	15.0	16.0
Scottish	14,140	7,075	7,065	12.4	12.4	12.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30,630	15,110	15,510	26.9	26.6	27.1
German	5,955	2,975	2,980	5.2	5.2	5.2
Chinese	495	190	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
Italian	2,715	1,370	1,345	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indian (India)	610	265	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Ukrainian	1,535	770	765	1.3	1.4	1.3
Dutch	3,010	1,460	1,550	2.6	2.6	2.7
Polish	1,840	850	990	1.6	1.5	1.7
Québécois	1,640	790	850	1.4	1.4	1.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,265	1,095	1,175	2.0	1.9	2.1
Filipino	415	150	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
French Canadian	10,485	5,260	5,220	9.2	9.2	9.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,875	2,470	2,410	4.3	4.3	4.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,170	1,475	1,700	2.8	2.6	3.0
Métis	2,140	1,005	1,145	1.9	1.8	2.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,800	855	945	1.6	1.5	1.7
Russian	485	235	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Norwegian	390	195	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Welsh	1,085	555	535	1.0	1.0	0.9
Portuguese	720	345	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
American	890	450	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Spanish	745	315	430	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	295	140	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hungarian	540	265	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Acadian	1,095	535	560	1.0	0.9	1.0
Pakistani	130	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	440	210	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	345	185	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	320	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	270	100	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	275	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanese	705	390	315	0.6	0.7	0.6
Iranian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	765	400	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
Danish	285	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	965	455	510	0.8	0.8	0.9
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	420	230	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Belgian	545	300	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Haitian	450	225	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindu	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	760	385	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Finnish	250	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lankan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	545	270	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	1,845	950	900	1.6	1.7	1.6
Persian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazilian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	45	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	965	510	455	0.8	0.9	0.8
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	165	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nova Scotian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	300	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	3,170	1,555	1,615	2.8	2.7	2.8
Argentinian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rwandan	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	114,035	56,895	57,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian	87,730	42,895	44,840	76.9	75.4	78.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,135	2,580	2,555	4.5	4.5	4.5
Anabaptist	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	2,785	1,325	1,460	2.4	2.3	2.6
Baptist	860	420	440	0.8	0.7	0.8
Catholic	70,395	34,520	35,875	61.7	60.7	62.8
Christian Orthodox	700	350	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	415	160	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	670	320	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Presbyterian	1,110	495	615	1.0	0.9	1.1
Reformed	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	3,115	1,435	1,680	2.7	2.5	2.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,770	895	875	1.6	1.6	1.5
Hindu	225	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	175	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	1,010	520	485	0.9	0.9	0.8
Sikh	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	345	140	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	24,385	13,075	11,315	21.4	23.0	19.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	113,040	56,420	56,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	101,470	50,605	50,865	89.8	89.7	89.8
Movers	11,570	5,815	5,755	10.2	10.3	10.2
Non-migrants	4,435	2,205	2,230	3.9	3.9	3.9
Migrants	7,130	3,610	3,525	6.3	6.4	6.2
Internal migrants	6,960	3,495	3,470	6.2	6.2	6.1
Intraprovincial migrants	5,850	2,950	2,905	5.2	5.2	5.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,115	540	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
External migrants	170	115	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	108,220	53,815	54,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	68,385	34,305	34,080	63.2	63.7	62.6
Movers	39,835	19,515	20,325	36.8	36.3	37.4
Non-migrants	11,795	5,835	5,960	10.9	10.8	11.0
Migrants	28,045	13,685	14,360	25.9	25.4	26.4
Internal migrants	27,160	13,205	13,950	25.1	24.5	25.6
Intraprovincial migrants	21,900	10,610	11,280	20.2	19.7	20.7
Interprovincial migrants	5,265	2,595	2,670	4.9	4.8	4.9
External migrants	880	480	410	0.8	0.9	0.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,980	47,180	47,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,790	9,945	7,840	18.7	21.1	16.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,190	37,230	39,960	81.3	78.9	83.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,545	30,455	31,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,560	4,135	2,420	10.7	13.6	7.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,985	26,310	28,670	89.3	86.4	92.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,975	47,175	47,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,910	8,700	7,210	16.8	18.4	15.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,885	14,450	14,435	30.4	30.6	30.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,180	24,025	26,155	52.8	50.9	54.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,490	17,110	16,385	35.3	36.3	34.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,610	5,180	2,430	8.0	11.0	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,075	2,440	1,635	4.3	5.2	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,530	2,740	795	3.7	5.8	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,915	11,095	12,825	25.2	23.5	26.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,965	830	1,135	2.1	1.8	2.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,690	6,920	9,770	17.6	14.7	20.4
Bachelor's degree	11,850	4,795	7,055	12.5	10.2	14.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,180	435	745	1.2	0.9	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	270	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	2,965	1,315	1,650	3.1	2.8	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	425	240	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,545	30,450	31,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,665	3,550	2,115	9.2	11.7	6.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,600	9,155	8,445	28.6	30.1	27.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,275	17,745	20,535	62.2	58.3	66.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,235	12,630	12,605	41.0	41.5	40.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,155	3,470	1,680	8.4	11.4	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,615	1,530	1,080	4.2	5.0	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,535	1,940	595	4.1	6.4	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,850	8,610	10,245	30.6	28.3	33.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,230	550	675	2.0	1.8	2.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,040	5,110	7,925	21.2	16.8	25.5
Bachelor's degree	9,355	3,640	5,720	15.2	12.0	18.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	875	285	585	1.4	0.9	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	75	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Master's degree	2,335	975	1,365	3.8	3.2	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	280	155	125	0.5	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,975	47,175	47,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	44,795	23,150	21,650	47.2	49.1	45.3
Education	3,805	880	2,925	4.0	1.9	6.1
13. Education	3,805	880	2,925	4.0	1.9	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,485	675	810	1.6	1.4	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	290	225	65	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,195	450	745	1.3	1.0	1.6
Humanities	2,220	865	1,355	2.3	1.8	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	260	30	240	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	345	115	230	0.4	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	630	245	385	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	355	230	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	270	50	215	0.3	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,335	1,880	4,455	6.7	4.0	9.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	740	280	460	0.8	0.6	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,455	105	1,350	1.5	0.2	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	875	255	625	0.9	0.5	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	180	35	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,025	270	755	1.1	0.6	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,990	925	1,060	2.1	2.0	2.2
Business, management and public administration	9,225	3,295	5,935	9.7	7.0	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,150	230	915	1.2	0.5	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,055	3,050	5,005	8.5	6.5	10.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,445	695	755	1.5	1.5	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	670	250	425	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	375	250	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,125	1,460	665	2.2	3.1	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,840	1,355	485	1.9	2.9	1.0
25. Library science	125	10	115	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,285	9,675	605	10.8	20.5	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	400	295	100	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	1,150	1,035	110	1.2	2.2	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,305	2,130	175	2.4	4.5	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,505	2,440	65	2.6	5.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,705	2,615	90	2.8	5.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,220	1,160	60	1.3	2.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,875	1,115	760	2.0	2.4	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,485	840	640	1.6	1.8	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	385	275	115	0.4	0.6	0.2
Health and related fields	6,865	1,160	5,700	7.2	2.5	11.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	720	340	385	0.8	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,080	780	5,295	6.4	1.7	11.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,495	2,320	2,175	4.7	4.9	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,050	430	1,625	2.2	0.9	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	60	55	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70	60	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,610	1,150	465	1.7	2.4	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	705	625	75	0.7	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,545	30,450	31,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,265	12,705	10,560	37.8	41.7	34.0
Education	2,550	560	1,985	4.1	1.8	6.4
13. Education	2,550	560	1,985	4.1	1.8	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,070	455	625	1.7	1.5	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175	140	40	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	895	315	580	1.5	1.0	1.9
Humanities	1,540	545	990	2.5	1.8	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	205	20	185	0.3	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	245	80	165	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410	135	275	0.7	0.4	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	270	160	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	165	15	150	0.3	0.0	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,270	1,500	3,770	8.6	4.9	12.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	600	205	395	1.0	0.7	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,205	80	1,130	2.0	0.3	3.6
22. Legal professions and studies	730	190	535	1.2	0.6	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	155	40	115	0.3	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	830	195	640	1.3	0.6	2.1
45. Social sciences	1,685	785	895	2.7	2.6	2.9
Business, management and public administration	7,180	2,420	4,760	11.7	7.9	15.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	900	160	740	1.5	0.5	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,260	2,255	4,005	10.2	7.4	12.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,075	485	590	1.7	1.6	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	530	190	340	0.9	0.6	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	100	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	245	155	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,760	1,250	510	2.9	4.1	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,600	1,190	410	2.6	3.9	1.3
25. Library science	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,545	7,035	510	12.3	23.1	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	350	255	90	0.6	0.8	0.3
14. Engineering	850	760	95	1.4	2.5	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,725	1,580	145	2.8	5.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,860	1,790	65	3.0	5.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,910	1,845	70	3.1	6.1	0.2
48. Precision production	845	805	40	1.4	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,480	835	645	2.4	2.7	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,145	610	535	1.9	2.0	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	335	220	110	0.5	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	5,320	895	4,425	8.6	2.9	14.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	570	255	315	0.9	0.8	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,700	605	4,090	7.6	2.0	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,490	1,765	1,725	5.7	5.8	5.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,550	280	1,270	2.5	0.9	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,290	915	375	2.1	3.0	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	560	485	70	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,545	30,450	31,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,265	12,705	10,560	37.8	41.7	34.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,280	17,745	20,530	62.2	58.3	66.0
Location of study inside Canada	36,315	16,745	19,565	59.0	55.0	62.9
Same as province or territory of residence	29,920	13,840	16,080	48.6	45.5	51.7
Different than province or territory of residence	6,395	2,905	3,490	10.4	9.5	11.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,965	995	965	3.2	3.3	3.1
Americas	640	345	295	1.0	1.1	0.9
United States of America	445	235	210	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mexico	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	755	410	345	1.2	1.3	1.1
Belgium	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	90	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Germany	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	105	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	230	140	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisia	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	350	130	220	0.6	0.4	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	80	0	80	0.1	0.0	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,975	47,175	47,800	...	...	...
In the labour force	60,770	32,060	28,715	...	...	...
Employed	56,765	30,150	26,620	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,000	1,905	2,095	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	34,210	15,120	19,085	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.0	68.0	60.1	64.0	68.0	60.1
Employment rate	59.8	63.9	55.7	59.8	63.9	55.7
Unemployment rate	6.6	5.9	7.3	6.6	5.9	7.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,975	47,175	47,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,380	14,815	18,565	35.1	31.4	38.8
Worked	61,595	32,360	29,235	64.9	68.6	61.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	37,435	21,045	16,385	39.4	44.6	34.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,160	11,315	12,845	25.4	24.0	26.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.4	44.2	42.6	43.4	44.2	42.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	60,765	32,055	28,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	735	375	365	1.2	1.2	1.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	60,035	31,680	28,350	98.8	98.8	98.7
Employee	51,655	26,180	25,470	85.0	81.7	88.7
Permanent position	44,610	22,965	21,640	73.4	71.6	75.4
Temporary position	7,050	3,220	3,825	11.6	10.0	13.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,200	910	1,290	3.6	2.8	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,850	2,310	2,540	8.0	7.2	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,380	5,495	2,885	13.8	17.1	10.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	60,765	32,055	28,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	735	375	365	1.2	1.2	1.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	60,035	31,680	28,350	98.8	98.8	98.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	840	550	295	1.4	1.7	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,690	3,155	8,535	19.2	9.8	29.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,180	3,280	905	6.9	10.2	3.2
3 Health occupations	4,090	635	3,460	6.7	2.0	12.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,785	2,785	6,000	14.5	8.7	20.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,210	530	675	2.0	1.7	2.4
6 Sales and service occupations	11,955	5,625	6,325	19.7	17.5	22.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,820	11,815	1,005	21.1	36.9	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,670	1,965	705	4.4	6.1	2.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,795	1,350	445	3.0	4.2	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	60,765	32,055	28,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	735	375	365	1.2	1.2	1.3
All industries¹⁹¹	60,035	31,680	28,350	98.8	98.8	98.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,425	1,700	730	4.0	5.3	2.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130	120	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	270	220	50	0.4	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	6,890	6,130	755	11.3	19.1	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	3,615	2,645	970	5.9	8.3	3.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,455	1,130	325	2.4	3.5	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	6,410	3,355	3,055	10.5	10.5	10.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,785	1,990	795	4.6	6.2	2.8
51 Information and cultural industries	810	500	315	1.3	1.6	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,495	530	970	2.5	1.7	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	670	420	245	1.1	1.3	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,035	1,565	1,470	5.0	4.9	5.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,330	1,530	805	3.8	4.8	2.8
61 Educational services	4,825	1,275	3,555	7.9	4.0	12.4
62 Health care and social assistance	7,450	1,165	6,285	12.3	3.6	21.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	775	450	320	1.3	1.4	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,370	970	1,400	3.9	3.0	4.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,685	1,395	1,290	4.4	4.4	4.5
91 Public administration	9,560	4,575	4,985	15.7	14.3	17.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	64,975	34,030	30,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	25,895	14,515	11,375	39.9	42.7	36.8
French	11,880	5,630	6,245	18.3	16.5	20.2
Non-official language	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	26,850	13,725	13,120	41.3	40.3	42.4
English and non-official language(s)	195	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	64,975	34,030	30,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,080	31,105	27,975	90.9	91.4	90.4
Official languages	58,995	31,050	27,940	90.8	91.2	90.3
English	38,240	20,910	17,325	58.9	61.4	56.0
French	20,755	10,145	10,615	31.9	29.8	34.3
Non-official languages	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,900	2,925	2,970	9.1	8.6	9.6
English and French	5,860	2,915	2,945	9.0	8.6	9.5
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	64,975	34,030	30,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	43,660	23,080	20,575	67.2	67.8	66.5
English	8,900	4,535	4,365	13.7	13.3	14.1
French	12,170	6,310	5,860	18.7	18.5	18.9
Non-official language	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	145	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,770	30,150	26,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	15,055	6,490	8,560	26.5	21.5	32.2
Worked outside Canada	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,000	6,580	1,420	14.1	21.8	5.3
Usual place of work	33,660	17,045	16,615	59.3	56.5	62.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,660	17,045	16,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,015	6,130	6,885	38.7	36.0	41.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,755	3,230	3,525	20.1	18.9	21.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	12,305	6,740	5,570	36.6	39.5	33.5
Commute to a different province or territory	1,580	940	640	4.7	5.5	3.9
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,660	23,620	18,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	38,730	22,295	16,440	93.0	94.4	91.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,205	21,170	15,030	86.9	89.6	83.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,530	1,120	1,405	6.1	4.7	7.8
Public transit	450	175	275	1.1	0.7	1.5
Walked	1,480	700	780	3.6	3.0	4.3
Bicycle	150	115	35	0.4	0.5	0.2
Other method	850	340	510	2.0	1.4	2.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,660	23,620	18,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,275	5,970	6,305	29.5	25.3	35.0
15 to 29 minutes	10,010	5,570	4,445	24.0	23.6	24.6
30 to 44 minutes	11,170	6,720	4,450	26.8	28.5	24.7
45 to 59 minutes	4,885	3,045	1,850	11.7	12.9	10.3
60 minutes and over	3,315	2,320	1,005	8.0	9.8	5.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,660	23,620	18,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,590	3,500	1,085	11.0	14.8	6.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,420	6,785	3,635	25.0	28.7	20.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,945	6,225	5,720	28.7	26.4	31.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,405	2,780	3,620	15.4	11.8	20.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,850	1,255	1,595	6.8	5.3	8.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,450	3,070	2,375	13.1	13.0	13.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,350	11,960	11,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,480	8,875	8,605	74.9	74.2	75.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,870	3,080	2,790	25.1	25.8	24.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,085	8,725	8,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,905	6,535	6,370	75.5	74.9	76.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	11,000	5,540	5,460	64.4	63.5	65.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,905	995	910	11.2	11.4	10.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,185	2,185	2,000	24.5	25.0	23.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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