Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Hamilton East--Stoney CreekMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	112,028	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	107,848	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,765	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	45,343	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,665.3	...	...	1,665.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	67.27	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	112,030	54,825	57,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,135	8,860	8,275	15.3	16.2	14.5
0 to 4 years	5,615	2,940	2,675	5.0	5.4	4.7
5 to 9 years	5,695	2,885	2,810	5.1	5.3	4.9
10 to 14 years	5,820	3,040	2,785	5.2	5.5	4.9
15 to 64 years	71,815	35,660	36,150	64.1	65.0	63.2
15 to 19 years	5,785	3,000	2,785	5.2	5.5	4.9
20 to 24 years	6,055	3,110	2,945	5.4	5.7	5.1
25 to 29 years	7,460	3,750	3,710	6.7	6.8	6.5
30 to 34 years	7,885	3,940	3,945	7.0	7.2	6.9
35 to 39 years	7,405	3,680	3,725	6.6	6.7	6.5
40 to 44 years	6,725	3,290	3,435	6.0	6.0	6.0
45 to 49 years	6,620	3,275	3,345	5.9	6.0	5.8
50 to 54 years	7,325	3,515	3,810	6.5	6.4	6.7
55 to 59 years	8,465	4,195	4,275	7.6	7.7	7.5
60 to 64 years	8,090	3,915	4,175	7.2	7.1	7.3
65 years and over	23,075	10,300	12,780	20.6	18.8	22.3
65 to 69 years	6,860	3,180	3,680	6.1	5.8	6.4
70 to 74 years	5,890	2,640	3,255	5.3	4.8	5.7
75 to 79 years	4,140	1,935	2,205	3.7	3.5	3.9
80 to 84 years	3,175	1,425	1,745	2.8	2.6	3.1
85 years and over	3,010	1,125	1,890	2.7	2.1	3.3
85 to 89 years	1,940	780	1,165	1.7	1.4	2.0
90 to 94 years	820	280	540	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	220	60	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	16.2	14.5	15.3	16.2	14.5
15 to 64 years	64.1	65.0	63.2	64.1	65.0	63.2
65 years and over	20.6	18.8	22.3	20.6	18.8	22.3
85 years and over	2.7	2.1	3.3	2.7	2.1	3.3
Average age of the population	43.1	41.9	44.2	43.1	41.9	44.2
Median age of the population	43.2	41.6	44.8	43.2	41.6	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	25,180	...	...	55.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,235	...	...	2.7	...	...
Row house	5,495	...	...	12.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	890	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,990	...	...	6.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	9,480	...	...	20.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,105	...	...	28.9	...	...
2 persons	14,855	...	...	32.8	...	...
3 persons	7,365	...	...	16.2	...	...
4 persons	6,035	...	...	13.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,985	...	...	8.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,340	54,575	56,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	94,890	45,965	48,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	51,305	25,630	25,675	54.1	55.8	52.5
Married	42,280	21,110	21,170	44.6	45.9	43.3
Living common-law	9,020	4,520	4,500	9.5	9.8	9.2
Living common law - Never married	6,440	3,225	3,210	6.8	7.0	6.6
Living common law - Separated	560	310	250	0.6	0.7	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,800	905	895	1.9	2.0	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	220	80	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	43,590	20,335	23,255	45.9	44.2	47.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,060	14,745	12,315	28.5	32.1	25.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,140	1,370	1,770	3.3	3.0	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,645	2,735	3,915	7.0	6.0	8.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,740	1,485	5,255	7.1	3.2	10.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,155	...	...	50.6	...	...
3 persons	7,380	...	...	23.1	...	...
4 persons	5,815	...	...	18.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,575	...	...	8.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,065	...	...	78.5	...	...
Married couples	20,555	...	...	64.4	...	...
With children⁶	11,265	...	...	35.3	...	...
Without children	9,295	...	...	29.1	...	...
Common-law couples	4,510	...	...	14.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,845	...	...	5.8	...	...
Without children	2,660	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,855	...	...	21.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,385	...	...	16.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,470	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,340	54,575	56,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	91,495	45,215	46,280	82.2	82.8	81.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,135	25,065	25,070	45.0	45.9	44.2
Parents in one-parent families	6,855	1,470	5,385	6.2	2.7	9.5
Children⁶	34,500	18,685	15,820	31.0	34.2	27.9
In a two-parent family	23,955	12,985	10,965	21.5	23.8	19.3
In a one-parent family	10,550	5,695	4,850	9.5	10.4	8.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,845	9,355	10,485	17.8	17.1	18.5
Living alone	13,105	5,975	7,130	11.8	10.9	12.6
Living with other relatives⁷	3,255	1,350	1,905	2.9	2.5	3.4
Living with non-relatives only	3,485	2,035	1,450	3.1	3.7	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,875	...	...	59.3	...	...
Couple-family households	21,665	...	...	47.8	...	...
With children⁶	11,325	...	...	25.0	...	...
Without children	10,340	...	...	22.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,215	...	...	11.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,855	...	...	4.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	335	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,500	...	...	3.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,670	...	...	3.7	...	...
One-person households	13,105	...	...	28.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,210	45,710	48,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,610	43,895	46,710	96.2	96.0	96.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,000	34,800	38,800	44,000	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,645	43,920	46,725	96.2	96.1	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,600	32,400	35,600	39,600	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,880	38,955	38,925	82.7	85.2	80.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	39,600	26,200	32,400	39,600	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,420	32,795	29,625	66.3	71.7	61.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	31,600	36,800	42,000	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,830	40,145	43,690	89.0	87.8	90.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	8,600	12,500	10,700	8,600	12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,935	4,125	4,810	9.5	9.0	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,395	12,890	13,505	28.0	28.2	27.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,065	45,615	48,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,505	43,865	46,640	96.2	96.2	96.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,360	53,350	41,720	47,360	53,350	41,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,525	43,880	46,645	96.2	96.2	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,600	44,720	36,720	40,600	44,720	36,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,410	38,645	38,765	82.3	84.7	80.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,480	49,600	35,400	42,480	49,600	35,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,310	32,560	29,750	66.2	71.4	61.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,200	49,920	37,880	44,200	49,920	37,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,885	40,190	43,685	89.2	88.1	90.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,870	10,530	13,100	11,870	10,530	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,075	4,110	4,965	9.6	9.0	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,580	6,140	6,940	6,580	6,140	6,940
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,345	12,825	13,520	28.0	28.1	27.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,980	9,410	9,200	8,980	9,410
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,065	45,610	48,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	29,175	16,480	12,700	31.0	36.1	26.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	65,000	54,000	59,600	65,000	54,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,700	73,800	59,750	67,700	73,800	59,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,395	10,725	12,670	24.9	23.5	26.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	21,400	16,800	18,800	21,400	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	29,800	23,160	26,200	29,800	23,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.8	82.0	70.6	76.8	82.0	70.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.2	69.4	58.0	64.2	69.4	58.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.2	18.1	29.4	23.2	18.1	29.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.5	5.5	7.8	6.5	5.5	7.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.7	4.9	6.5	5.7	4.9	6.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,205	45,715	48,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,605	1,820	1,780	3.8	4.0	3.7
With total income	90,605	43,895	46,715	96.2	96.0	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,800	2,940	3,860	7.5	6.7	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	11,520	4,645	6,870	12.7	10.6	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	15,520	6,390	9,130	17.1	14.6	19.5
$30,000 to $39,999	12,710	5,585	7,130	14.0	12.7	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	11,255	5,490	5,765	12.4	12.5	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,765	4,420	4,345	9.7	10.1	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	6,845	3,695	3,150	7.6	8.4	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,840	2,820	2,020	5.3	6.4	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,360	2,090	1,270	3.7	4.8	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,475	1,515	955	2.7	3.5	2.0
$100,000 and over	6,525	4,305	2,220	7.2	9.8	4.8
$100,000 to $149,999	4,990	3,195	1,795	5.5	7.3	3.8
$150,000 and over	1,530	1,110	425	1.7	2.5	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,205	45,715	48,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,560	1,790	1,775	3.8	3.9	3.7
With after-tax income	90,645	43,925	46,725	96.2	96.1	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,060	3,040	4,020	7.8	6.9	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	12,005	4,870	7,130	13.2	11.1	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	17,490	7,275	10,220	19.3	16.6	21.9
$30,000 to $39,999	15,230	7,015	8,220	16.8	16.0	17.6
$40,000 to $49,999	12,595	6,360	6,240	13.9	14.5	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	9,480	5,080	4,400	10.5	11.6	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,085	3,500	2,580	6.7	8.0	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,850	2,390	1,460	4.2	5.4	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,775	1,610	1,160	3.1	3.7	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,480	945	535	1.6	2.2	1.1
$100,000 and over	2,600	1,835	770	2.9	4.2	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,490	1,030	455	1.6	2.3	1.0
$125,000 and over	1,110	800	310	1.2	1.8	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,205	45,715	48,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	31,795	12,920	18,875	33.8	28.3	38.9
With employment income	62,415	32,795	29,620	66.3	71.7	61.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,245	4,975	4,270	14.8	15.2	14.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,945	2,120	2,825	7.9	6.5	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,045	3,095	3,945	11.3	9.4	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	5,930	2,695	3,240	9.5	8.2	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,150	2,845	3,305	9.9	8.7	11.2
$40,000 to $49,999	6,100	3,035	3,065	9.8	9.3	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,475	2,890	2,585	8.8	8.8	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,640	2,720	1,920	7.4	8.3	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,290	2,020	1,265	5.3	6.2	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,535	1,675	865	4.1	5.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,045	1,265	785	3.3	3.9	2.7
$100,000 and over	5,010	3,455	1,560	8.0	10.5	5.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,885	1,880	1,010	4.6	5.7	3.4
$125,000 and over	2,125	1,580	550	3.4	4.8	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,210	45,710	48,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,110	43,070	46,040	94.6	94.2	94.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,800	31,400	36,800	42,800	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,135	43,070	46,065	94.6	94.2	95.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,800	29,600	33,600	38,800	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,420	38,675	38,740	82.2	84.6	79.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	41,200	28,200	34,400	41,200	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,960	33,090	29,875	66.8	72.4	61.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	43,200	32,800	37,600	43,200	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,595	37,835	41,760	84.5	82.8	86.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,240	1,440	7,450	4,240	1,440	7,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,235	2,650	3,585	6.6	5.8	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,280	5,280	5,280	5,280	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,065	45,615	48,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,850	42,970	45,880	94.5	94.2	94.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	51,250	38,760	44,800	51,250	38,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,865	42,970	45,890	94.5	94.2	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,360	42,960	34,080	38,360	42,960	34,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,040	38,445	38,595	81.9	84.3	79.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,920	50,280	35,640	42,920	50,280	35,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,895	32,975	29,915	66.9	72.3	61.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,520	50,440	38,040	44,520	50,440	38,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,565	37,875	41,690	84.6	83.0	86.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,450	7,130	9,650	8,450	7,130	9,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,490	2,615	3,875	6.9	5.7	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,980	6,155	7,540	6,980	6,155	7,540
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,065	45,610	48,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,960	16,380	12,575	30.8	35.9	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	62,000	50,400	56,400	62,000	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,000	70,400	55,650	64,000	70,400	55,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,125	10,225	11,895	23.5	22.4	24.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	30,200	22,400	25,400	30,200	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,200	37,240	27,840	32,200	37,240	27,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.2	87.8	77.4	83.2	87.8	77.4
Employment income (%)	70.4	75.6	64.0	70.4	75.6	64.0
Government transfers (%)	16.9	12.3	22.6	16.9	12.3	22.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6	1.1	0.7	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...	94,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,640	...	...	49,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,640	...	...	42,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,170	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,900	...	...	112,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,800	...	...	96,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	310	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	405	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	945	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,800	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,790	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,615	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,755	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,005	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,850	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,615	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,525	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,165	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,900	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,755	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,725	...	...	36.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,665	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,870	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,220	...	...	9.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,975	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	345	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	425	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	990	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,895	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,015	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,885	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,075	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,265	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,100	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,300	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,995	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,590	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,395	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,905	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,960	...	...	28.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,430	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,275	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,255	...	...	9.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,200	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,200	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,590	8,010	8,585	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	43,200	35,200	38,800	43,200	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	38,400	33,200	35,200	38,400	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,400	...	...	112,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,300	...	...	96,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,450	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,400	...	...	96,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,200	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,600	...	...	140,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,200	...	...	119,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,700	...	...	77,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,685	7,980	8,705	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,680	51,040	44,560	47,680	51,040	44,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,120	43,400	39,040	41,120	43,400	39,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,340	54,570	56,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,595	10,645	9,945	18.5	19.5	17.5
0 to 5 years	6,785	3,535	3,250	6.1	6.5	5.7
18 to 64 years	68,255	33,825	34,435	61.3	62.0	60.7
65 years and over	22,490	10,105	12,385	20.2	18.5	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,315	5,485	6,825	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,030	1,555	1,470	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,020	525	505	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,350	2,945	3,410	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,940	990	1,950	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1	10.1	12.0	11.1	10.1	12.0
0 to 17 years (%)	14.7	14.6	14.8	14.7	14.6	14.8
0 to 5 years (%)	15.1	14.8	15.4	15.1	14.8	15.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.3	8.7	9.9	9.3	8.7	9.9
65 years and over (%)	13.1	9.8	15.7	13.1	9.8	15.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	111,340	54,575	56,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,590	10,650	9,945	18.5	19.5	17.5
0 to 5 years	6,785	3,540	3,250	6.1	6.5	5.7
18 to 64 years	68,260	33,820	34,435	61.3	62.0	60.7
65 years and over	22,490	10,100	12,390	20.2	18.5	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,345	3,105	3,240	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,395	720	680	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	465	235	225	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,235	2,115	2,115	...	...	...
65 years and over	715	270	445	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.7	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	6.8	6.7	6.8	6.8	6.7	6.8
0 to 5 years (%)	6.8	6.7	7.0	6.8	6.7	7.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.3	6.2	6.2	6.3	6.2
65 years and over (%)	3.2	2.7	3.6	3.2	2.7	3.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,340	54,570	56,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	59,345	28,220	31,130	53.3	51.7	54.8
In bottom decile	10,440	4,840	5,605	9.4	8.9	9.9
In second decile	12,055	5,385	6,670	10.8	9.9	11.8
In third decile	12,485	6,015	6,470	11.2	11.0	11.4
In fourth decile	12,245	5,955	6,290	11.0	10.9	11.1
In fifth decile	12,120	6,020	6,100	10.9	11.0	10.7
In top half of the distribution	51,990	26,355	25,640	46.7	48.3	45.2
In sixth decile	11,800	5,920	5,885	10.6	10.8	10.4
In seventh decile	11,520	5,755	5,765	10.3	10.5	10.2
In eighth decile	11,100	5,625	5,475	10.0	10.3	9.6
In ninth decile	10,305	5,285	5,020	9.3	9.7	8.8
In top decile	7,260	3,770	3,490	6.5	6.9	6.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,340	...	...	111,340	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.304	...	...	0.304	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.443	...	...	0.443	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.267	...	...	0.267	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,660	54,655	57,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	104,105	51,485	52,620	93.2	94.2	92.3
French only	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	4,940	2,125	2,810	4.4	3.9	4.9
Neither English nor French	2,515	995	1,525	2.3	1.8	2.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,660	54,655	57,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	107,485	52,905	54,575	96.3	96.8	95.7
French	1,315	595	720	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	415	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	2,445	955	1,485	2.2	1.7	2.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,660	54,655	57,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,245	52,485	54,760	96.0	96.0	96.1
Official languages	76,830	38,105	38,725	68.8	69.7	67.9
English	75,510	37,500	38,015	67.6	68.6	66.7
French	1,315	610	710	1.2	1.1	1.2
Non-official languages	30,420	14,380	16,035	27.2	26.3	28.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30,415	14,375	16,040	27.2	26.3	28.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,160	1,115	1,045	1.9	2.0	1.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,055	1,060	985	1.8	1.9	1.7
Amharic	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,725	910	820	1.5	1.7	1.4
Aramaic languages	250	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,140	505	635	1.0	0.9	1.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	495	220	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Vietnamese	640	285	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	830	320	515	0.7	0.6	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	655	250	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	365	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,200	11,470	12,730	21.7	21.0	22.3
Albanian	455	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Armenian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	9,550	4,445	5,105	8.6	8.1	9.0
Baltic languages	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	9,495	4,420	5,075	8.5	8.1	8.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	2,090	925	1,170	1.9	1.7	2.1
Russian	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	6,170	2,990	3,180	5.5	5.5	5.6
Bosnian	625	305	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Croatian	2,405	1,120	1,285	2.2	2.0	2.3
Serbian	3,070	1,525	1,545	2.7	2.8	2.7
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	245	100	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukrainian	350	135	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	765	345	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	460	205	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	455	205	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	235	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	270	140	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	5,765	2,910	2,850	5.2	5.3	5.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5,255	2,670	2,590	4.7	4.9	4.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	460	255	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hindi	410	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,570	1,300	1,275	2.3	2.4	2.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,505	760	745	1.3	1.4	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	505	245	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	330	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	180	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian Persian	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,315	3,375	3,940	6.6	6.2	6.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,950	1,805	2,140	3.5	3.3	3.8
Portuguese	1,175	540	630	1.1	1.0	1.1
Romanian	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,805	835	970	1.6	1.5	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	300	135	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Akan (Twi)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	505	245	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	465	225	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	225	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Thai	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	335	150	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	320	145	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,415	2,170	2,240	4.0	4.0	3.9
English and French	345	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	3,580	1,780	1,805	3.2	3.3	3.2
French and non-official language(s)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	350	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,660	54,655	57,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	80,130	39,625	40,500	71.8	72.5	71.0
French	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	8,680	4,000	4,685	7.8	7.3	8.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	8,680	4,000	4,680	7.8	7.3	8.2
English and French	760	330	435	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	20,610	10,015	10,600	18.5	18.3	18.6
French and non-official language(s)	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	485	215	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	630	305	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,660	54,655	57,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,740	52,295	54,445	95.6	95.7	95.5
Official languages	90,240	44,470	45,765	80.8	81.4	80.3
English	89,805	44,270	45,535	80.4	81.0	79.9
French	435	205	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	16,500	7,820	8,685	14.8	14.3	15.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,495	7,820	8,680	14.8	14.3	15.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,495	755	740	1.3	1.4	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,420	725	700	1.3	1.3	1.2
Amharic	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,170	600	570	1.0	1.1	1.0
Aramaic languages	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	770	330	440	0.7	0.6	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	330	140	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	440	190	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	450	210	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	365	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,650	5,985	6,665	11.3	11.0	11.7
Albanian	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,930	2,325	2,605	4.4	4.3	4.6
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,925	2,325	2,605	4.4	4.3	4.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,030	465	565	0.9	0.9	1.0
Russian	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	3,475	1,675	1,805	3.1	3.1	3.2
Bosnian	360	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatian	1,120	500	620	1.0	0.9	1.1
Serbian	1,960	980	985	1.8	1.8	1.7
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	4,105	2,060	2,045	3.7	3.8	3.6
Indo-Aryan languages	3,820	1,930	1,890	3.4	3.5	3.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	335	185	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	270	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kacchi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,960	1,000	960	1.8	1.8	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,065	525	540	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	285	130	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	175	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dari	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,140	1,375	1,765	2.8	2.5	3.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,405	545	860	1.3	1.0	1.5
Portuguese	485	230	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romanian	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,055	505	550	0.9	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	280	130	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,920	2,360	2,555	4.4	4.3	4.5
English and French	185	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	4,540	2,200	2,340	4.1	4.0	4.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,660	54,655	57,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	93,240	45,750	47,490	83.5	83.7	83.3
English	6,580	3,195	3,385	5.9	5.8	5.9
French	610	275	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	9,320	4,490	4,825	8.3	8.2	8.5
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	9,310	4,485	4,825	8.3	8.2	8.5
English and French	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	770	390	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	230	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	835	425	415	0.7	0.8	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,220	54,500	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,680	53,410	55,265	97.7	98.0	97.4
English	108,590	53,375	55,220	97.6	97.9	97.4
French	5,065	2,285	2,785	4.6	4.2	4.9
Non-official languages	39,670	19,365	20,300	35.7	35.5	35.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	39,645	19,365	20,280	35.6	35.5	35.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,945	1,505	1,435	2.6	2.8	2.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,835	1,445	1,390	2.5	2.7	2.5
Amharic	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,655	1,360	1,300	2.4	2.5	2.3
Aramaic languages	340	195	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,350	645	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	665	315	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Vietnamese	705	350	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,215	545	670	1.1	1.0	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,170	535	640	1.1	1.0	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	510	225	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Kannada	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malayalam	215	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	175	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Telugu	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	31,430	15,460	15,975	28.3	28.4	28.2
Albanian	705	360	340	0.6	0.7	0.6
Armenian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	11,455	5,435	6,020	10.3	10.0	10.6
Baltic languages	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	11,375	5,405	5,965	10.2	9.9	10.5
Belarusian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	190	60	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Polish	2,700	1,205	1,495	2.4	2.2	2.6
Russian	485	200	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	7,365	3,655	3,715	6.6	6.7	6.5
Bosnian	1,125	580	550	1.0	1.1	1.0
Croatian	3,390	1,655	1,735	3.0	3.0	3.1
Serbian	3,750	1,900	1,850	3.4	3.5	3.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	110	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	330	130	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
Ukrainian	540	220	315	0.5	0.4	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,150	575	570	1.0	1.1	1.0
Frisian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	825	395	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	815	395	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	285	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	245	140	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	465	235	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	7,795	4,070	3,725	7.0	7.5	6.6
Indo-Aryan languages	7,300	3,835	3,460	6.6	7.0	6.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	655	390	260	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hindi	2,095	1,115	975	1.9	2.0	1.7
Kacchi	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,955	2,060	1,895	3.6	3.8	3.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Urdu	2,535	1,310	1,230	2.3	2.4	2.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	575	275	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	105	75	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	400	165	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Dari	245	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian Persian	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,420	5,045	5,375	9.4	9.3	9.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5,460	2,710	2,745	4.9	5.0	4.8
Portuguese	1,800	855	940	1.6	1.6	1.7
Romanian	500	230	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Spanish	2,970	1,400	1,570	2.7	2.6	2.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	750	330	420	0.7	0.6	0.7
Akan (Twi)	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	630	290	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	590	275	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	385	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	270	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	290	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	280	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	455	195	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Estonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	425	180	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,220	54,505	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,795	1,195	1,600	2.5	2.2	2.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,685	1,145	1,545	2.4	2.1	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,080	845	1,230	1.9	1.6	2.2
Métis	595	285	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	108,420	53,305	55,115	97.5	97.8	97.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,220	54,505	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,025	405	620	0.9	0.7	1.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	110,200	54,100	56,095	99.1	99.3	98.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,205	...	...	66.6	...	...
Renter	15,145	...	...	33.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,275	...	...	13.8	...	...
Not condominium	39,065	...	...	86.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	5,800	...	...	12.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,175	...	...	24.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,265	...	...	42.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,915	...	...	19.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,235	...	...	27.0	...	...
5 rooms	7,170	...	...	15.8	...	...
6 rooms	7,570	...	...	16.7	...	...
7 rooms	6,120	...	...	13.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,250	...	...	27.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,240	...	...	97.6	...	...
More than one person per room	1,105	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	42,395	...	...	93.5	...	...
Not suitable	2,945	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	14,000	...	...	30.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	16,585	...	...	36.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,400	...	...	11.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,300	...	...	7.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,620	...	...	3.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,505	...	...	3.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,145	...	...	2.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,785	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,285	...	...	93.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,060	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,440	...	...	51.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,680	...	...	43.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,225	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	440	...	...	1.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,485	...	...	12.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,225	...	...	15.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,880	...	...	17.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,835	...	...	21.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,755	...	...	17.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,840	...	...	10.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,890	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	34,650	...	...	76.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,535	...	...	23.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,705	...	...	21.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,960	...	...	33.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,290	...	...	20.5	...	...
Not suitable only	2,150	...	...	4.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,975	...	...	4.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	460	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	745	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	295	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	30,390	...	...	67.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,285	...	...	14.2	...	...
Not in core need	38,065	...	...	85.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,180	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.8	...	...	58.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.8	...	...	16.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,470	...	...	1,470	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	640,000	...	...	640,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	670,000	...	...	670,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,145	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.4	...	...	36.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	29.8	...	...	29.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060	...	...	1,060	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,223	...	...	1,223	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,220	54,505	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	985	400	585	0.9	0.7	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	970	395	580	0.9	0.7	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	860	360	505	0.8	0.7	0.9
Métis single ancestry	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,590	1,215	1,380	2.3	2.2	2.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,530	1,180	1,350	2.3	2.2	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,150	965	1,185	1.9	1.8	2.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	375	215	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	107,645	52,895	54,750	96.8	97.0	96.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,220	54,500	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	103,685	50,735	52,950	93.2	93.1	93.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,535	10,130	9,405	17.6	18.6	16.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	84,145	40,600	43,545	75.7	74.5	76.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,540	3,770	3,765	6.8	6.9	6.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,220	54,500	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	78,010	38,420	39,595	70.1	70.5	69.8
Immigrants⁸¹	31,805	15,290	16,515	28.6	28.1	29.1
Before 1980	10,070	4,830	5,235	9.1	8.9	9.2
1980 to 1990	3,640	1,775	1,865	3.3	3.3	3.3
1991 to 2000	6,320	3,005	3,320	5.7	5.5	5.9
2001 to 2010	5,155	2,440	2,715	4.6	4.5	4.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,620	3,250	3,375	6.0	6.0	6.0
2011 to 2015	2,980	1,425	1,555	2.7	2.6	2.7
2016 to 2021	3,645	1,825	1,825	3.3	3.3	3.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,400	790	610	1.3	1.4	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	31,805	15,290	16,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,115	1,575	1,545	9.8	10.3	9.4
5 to 14 years	5,875	2,935	2,935	18.5	19.2	17.8
15 to 24 years	7,805	3,715	4,085	24.5	24.3	24.7
25 to 44 years	12,575	5,985	6,590	39.5	39.1	39.9
45 years and over	2,440	1,080	1,360	7.7	7.1	8.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	31,805	15,290	16,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,775	1,780	2,000	11.9	11.6	12.1
Brazil	85	25	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Colombia	395	195	205	1.2	1.3	1.2
El Salvador	260	130	135	0.8	0.9	0.8
Guyana	340	150	195	1.1	1.0	1.2
Haiti	60	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaica	695	365	335	2.2	2.4	2.0
Mexico	135	60	75	0.4	0.4	0.5
Peru	45	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	210	95	115	0.7	0.6	0.7
United States of America	630	260	370	2.0	1.7	2.2
Other places of birth in Americas	920	460	460	2.9	3.0	2.8
Europe	16,025	7,605	8,420	50.4	49.7	51.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,600	770	830	5.0	5.0	5.0
Croatia	2,290	1,165	1,125	7.2	7.6	6.8
France	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	530	250	280	1.7	1.6	1.7
Greece	215	110	100	0.7	0.7	0.6
Hungary	180	75	100	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italy	2,970	1,475	1,490	9.3	9.6	9.0
Netherlands	210	125	90	0.7	0.8	0.5
Poland	1,670	745	930	5.3	4.9	5.6
Portugal	1,025	460	560	3.2	3.0	3.4
Romania	410	195	210	1.3	1.3	1.3
Russian Federation	110	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	1,070	530	540	3.4	3.5	3.3
Ukraine	215	65	150	0.7	0.4	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,045	895	1,150	6.4	5.9	7.0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,415	655	760	4.4	4.3	4.6
Africa	1,410	710	695	4.4	4.6	4.2
Algeria	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	110	35	75	0.3	0.2	0.5
Egypt	105	70	35	0.3	0.5	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	75	25	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Morocco	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	250	130	125	0.8	0.9	0.8
Somalia	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	75	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	675	330	340	2.1	2.2	2.1
Asia	10,500	5,155	5,350	33.0	33.7	32.4
Afghanistan	150	70	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	135	60	75	0.4	0.4	0.5
Iraq	600	320	280	1.9	2.1	1.7
Lebanon	135	75	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	390	195	200	1.2	1.3	1.2
Turkey	125	65	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
China⁹⁰	305	135	175	1.0	0.9	1.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	185	90	90	0.6	0.6	0.5
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	1,185	535	645	3.7	3.5	3.9
Viet Nam	535	255	280	1.7	1.7	1.7
Bangladesh	80	45	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
India	3,245	1,620	1,620	10.2	10.6	9.8
Pakistan	1,665	835	835	5.2	5.5	5.1
Sri Lanka	85	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	1,610	780	835	5.1	5.1	5.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	90	40	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,645	1,825	1,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	540	265	275	14.8	14.5	15.1
Brazil	25	10	20	0.7	0.5	1.1
Colombia	45	25	15	1.2	1.4	0.8
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	140	85	50	3.8	4.7	2.7
Mexico	35	20	20	1.0	1.1	1.1
United States of America	135	65	70	3.7	3.6	3.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	15	15	0.8	0.8	0.8
Other places of birth in Americas	130	45	80	3.6	2.5	4.4
Europe	560	320	235	15.4	17.5	12.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	50	10	35	1.4	0.5	1.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	25	15	1.1	1.4	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	440	265	175	12.1	14.5	9.6
Africa	330	185	145	9.1	10.1	7.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	10	0.3	0.5	0.5
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	150	75	70	4.1	4.1	3.8
Somalia	15	10	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	90	50	35	2.5	2.7	1.9
Asia	2,210	1,050	1,165	60.6	57.5	63.8
Afghanistan	20	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	10	45	1.6	0.5	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	695	325	370	19.1	17.8	20.3
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iraq	170	90	80	4.7	4.9	4.4
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Lebanon	20	15	10	0.5	0.8	0.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	225	105	125	6.2	5.8	6.8
Philippines	310	175	130	8.5	9.6	7.1
Saudi Arabia	25	15	0	0.7	0.8	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	320	150	165	8.8	8.2	9.0
Turkey	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
United Arab Emirates	45	25	20	1.2	1.4	1.1
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	245	95	145	6.7	5.2	7.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,220	54,500	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	33,870	16,410	17,465	30.5	30.1	30.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	28,280	13,940	14,345	25.4	25.6	25.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	49,070	24,150	24,910	44.1	44.3	43.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	21,740	10,460	11,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,325	3,735	3,590	33.7	35.7	31.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,900	1,800	1,095	13.3	17.2	9.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,425	1,935	2,495	20.4	18.5	22.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,145	3,065	4,075	32.9	29.3	36.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	6,835	3,460	3,380	31.4	33.1	30.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	430	205	230	2.0	2.0	2.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	21,740	10,460	11,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,855	940	910	8.5	9.0	8.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,650	715	940	7.6	6.8	8.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	395	170	225	1.8	1.6	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	625	320	310	2.9	3.1	2.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	195	90	110	0.9	0.9	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	17,015	8,235	8,780	78.3	78.7	77.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,220	54,500	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	24,405	12,195	12,210	21.9	22.4	21.5
South Asian	8,510	4,460	4,045	7.7	8.2	7.1
Chinese	665	320	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Black	4,770	2,355	2,420	4.3	4.3	4.3
Filipino	1,645	760	885	1.5	1.4	1.6
Arab	2,325	1,205	1,130	2.1	2.2	2.0
Latin American	2,275	1,105	1,170	2.0	2.0	2.1
Southeast Asian	2,070	1,005	1,065	1.9	1.8	1.9
West Asian	560	260	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	425	190	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	745	350	400	0.7	0.6	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	86,820	42,310	44,510	78.1	77.6	78.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,220	54,500	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,005	6,995	7,010	12.6	12.8	12.4
English	19,055	9,075	9,985	17.1	16.7	17.6
Irish	14,075	6,680	7,400	12.7	12.3	13.0
Scottish	15,225	7,310	7,915	13.7	13.4	14.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,745	2,655	3,090	5.2	4.9	5.4
German	6,910	3,430	3,480	6.2	6.3	6.1
Chinese	1,080	465	610	1.0	0.9	1.1
Italian	14,990	7,630	7,360	13.5	14.0	13.0
Indian (India)	4,165	2,170	1,995	3.7	4.0	3.5
Ukrainian	3,510	1,625	1,885	3.2	3.0	3.3
Dutch	3,145	1,610	1,535	2.8	3.0	2.7
Polish	6,265	2,915	3,350	5.6	5.3	5.9
Québécois	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,375	1,580	1,785	3.0	2.9	3.1
Filipino	1,480	670	810	1.3	1.2	1.4
French Canadian	1,340	605	730	1.2	1.1	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,515	735	780	1.4	1.3	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,385	635	745	1.2	1.2	1.3
Métis	555	285	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,310	635	675	1.2	1.2	1.2
Russian	740	355	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Norwegian	320	130	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Welsh	1,410	680	735	1.3	1.2	1.3
Portuguese	3,005	1,445	1,560	2.7	2.7	2.8
American	715	325	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Spanish	1,050	480	570	0.9	0.9	1.0
Swedish	440	220	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hungarian	1,695	805	885	1.5	1.5	1.6
Acadian	285	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	1,895	990	905	1.7	1.8	1.6
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	805	390	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jewish	300	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	1,210	660	555	1.1	1.2	1.0
Vietnamese	950	470	475	0.9	0.9	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	845	435	410	0.8	0.8	0.7
Greek	920	475	450	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jamaican	1,490	755	730	1.3	1.4	1.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	450	225	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romanian	935	435	495	0.8	0.8	0.9
Lebanese	280	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iranian	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	940	475	465	0.8	0.9	0.8
Danish	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	545	240	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sikh	650	330	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austrian	485	220	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belgian	240	90	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	490	260	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mexican	265	145	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	225	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	295	135	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sri Lankan	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	4,045	2,050	1,995	3.6	3.8	3.5
Japanese	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	375	175	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	185	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	490	270	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Egyptian	215	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	575	265	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamil	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	400	190	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
Moroccan	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	320	195	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Syrian	425	215	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyanese	390	170	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afghan	295	130	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	3,635	1,865	1,770	3.3	3.4	3.1
Ojibway	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	220	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	425	230	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Persian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	310	125	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Turkish	270	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Armenian	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	400	195	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	240	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	460	230	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Salvadorean	330	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Caribbean	195	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	285	160	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	195	120	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Algonquin	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	300	115	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
South African	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	285	130	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chilean	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congolese	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	185	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	775	385	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	430	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Maltese	155	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	305	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slovenian	755	365	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	170	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Israeli	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	280	120	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	120	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	305	135	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Tunisian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	1,235	630	605	1.1	1.2	1.1
Venezuelan	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	175	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Igbo	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jordanian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malayali	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sicilian	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,220	54,505	56,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	970	455	515	0.9	0.8	0.9
Christian	63,985	29,920	34,065	57.5	54.9	60.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,170	2,965	3,205	5.5	5.4	5.7
Anabaptist	95	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	4,030	1,735	2,295	3.6	3.2	4.0
Baptist	975	385	595	0.9	0.7	1.0
Catholic	37,300	17,745	19,555	33.5	32.6	34.5
Christian Orthodox	5,625	2,790	2,840	5.1	5.1	5.0
Jehovah's Witness	600	250	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	510	230	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,095	470	620	1.0	0.9	1.1
Presbyterian	1,660	705	960	1.5	1.3	1.7
Reformed	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	3,080	1,265	1,815	2.8	2.3	3.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,435	1,210	1,230	2.2	2.2	2.2
Hindu	2,045	1,055	985	1.8	1.9	1.7
Jewish	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	7,225	3,650	3,570	6.5	6.7	6.3
Sikh	2,850	1,500	1,345	2.6	2.8	2.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	45	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	510	180	325	0.5	0.3	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	33,470	17,675	15,800	30.1	32.4	27.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,165	53,975	56,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	99,490	48,775	50,715	90.3	90.4	90.3
Movers	10,675	5,200	5,475	9.7	9.6	9.7
Non-migrants	6,320	3,025	3,295	5.7	5.6	5.9
Migrants	4,355	2,170	2,185	4.0	4.0	3.9
Internal migrants	3,895	1,970	1,930	3.5	3.6	3.4
Intraprovincial migrants	3,665	1,840	1,820	3.3	3.4	3.2
Interprovincial migrants	230	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	460	200	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,505	51,380	54,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	70,240	34,305	35,930	66.6	66.8	66.4
Movers	35,265	17,075	18,190	33.4	33.2	33.6
Non-migrants	18,475	8,855	9,620	17.5	17.2	17.8
Migrants	16,790	8,220	8,570	15.9	16.0	15.8
Internal migrants	13,335	6,420	6,915	12.6	12.5	12.8
Intraprovincial migrants	12,000	5,790	6,210	11.4	11.3	11.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,330	625	710	1.3	1.2	1.3
External migrants	3,455	1,800	1,655	3.3	3.5	3.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,065	45,610	48,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,090	10,965	11,130	23.5	24.0	23.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	71,975	34,650	37,325	76.5	76.0	77.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,770	29,300	30,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,805	4,705	4,100	14.7	16.1	13.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,970	24,605	26,370	85.3	84.0	86.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,065	45,615	48,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,195	9,880	10,310	21.5	21.7	21.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,910	14,395	14,520	30.7	31.6	30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,965	21,340	23,625	47.8	46.8	48.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,800	14,275	14,530	30.6	31.3	30.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,305	4,465	1,840	6.7	9.8	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,230	2,020	1,210	3.4	4.4	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,070	2,450	620	3.3	5.4	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,745	8,980	11,760	22.1	19.7	24.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,755	825	930	1.9	1.8	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,160	7,065	9,095	17.2	15.5	18.8
Bachelor's degree	11,565	4,965	6,600	12.3	10.9	13.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,175	515	655	1.2	1.1	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	255	100	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	2,895	1,325	1,570	3.1	2.9	3.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	275	160	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	59,775	29,305	30,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,795	4,175	3,625	13.0	14.2	11.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,595	9,325	8,275	29.4	31.8	27.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,380	15,805	18,575	57.5	53.9	61.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,255	10,245	11,010	35.6	35.0	36.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,885	2,710	1,170	6.5	9.2	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,025	1,260	765	3.4	4.3	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,855	1,450	405	3.1	4.9	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,130	6,950	9,180	27.0	23.7	30.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,240	585	655	2.1	2.0	2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,130	5,560	7,570	22.0	19.0	24.8
Bachelor's degree	9,300	3,915	5,385	15.6	13.4	17.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	975	385	585	1.6	1.3	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	195	75	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	2,445	1,065	1,385	4.1	3.6	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	210	115	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,065	45,615	48,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	49,100	24,275	24,825	52.2	53.2	51.2
Education	2,345	510	1,835	2.5	1.1	3.8
13. Education	2,345	510	1,835	2.5	1.1	3.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,535	605	930	1.6	1.3	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,380	505	875	1.5	1.1	1.8
Humanities	2,375	850	1,525	2.5	1.9	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	25	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	475	120	350	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	870	285	585	0.9	0.6	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	180	120	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	310	180	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	15	115	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,380	1,670	3,710	5.7	3.7	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	610	265	345	0.6	0.6	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,275	105	1,170	1.4	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	745	205	540	0.8	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	35	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	720	205	515	0.8	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,860	850	1,010	2.0	1.9	2.1
Business, management and public administration	8,780	3,460	5,320	9.3	7.6	11.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	865	100	765	0.9	0.2	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,905	3,360	4,550	8.4	7.4	9.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,630	680	945	1.7	1.5	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	630	205	420	0.7	0.4	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	435	210	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	385	215	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,755	1,220	530	1.9	2.7	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,425	1,015	405	1.5	2.2	0.8
25. Library science	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	215	170	50	0.2	0.4	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,325	9,510	810	11.0	20.8	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	390	280	110	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	1,670	1,370	300	1.8	3.0	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,650	2,400	255	2.8	5.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,935	1,890	45	2.1	4.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,190	2,140	55	2.3	4.7	0.1
48. Precision production	1,485	1,440	45	1.6	3.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	655	300	350	0.7	0.7	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	490	225	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	6,910	1,065	5,845	7.3	2.3	12.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	525	265	260	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,325	765	5,555	6.7	1.7	11.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,260	1,455	1,805	3.5	3.2	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,785	340	1,450	1.9	0.7	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	985	675	310	1.0	1.5	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	465	420	40	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	59,770	29,300	30,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,390	13,500	11,895	42.5	46.1	39.0
Education	1,700	385	1,320	2.8	1.3	4.3
13. Education	1,700	385	1,320	2.8	1.3	4.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,185	460	725	2.0	1.6	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,090	400	690	1.8	1.4	2.3
Humanities	1,765	615	1,155	3.0	2.1	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	155	10	145	0.3	0.0	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	360	85	275	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	645	215	430	1.1	0.7	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	250	145	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,330	1,295	3,035	7.2	4.4	10.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	560	230	330	0.9	0.8	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	995	70	920	1.7	0.2	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	640	165	475	1.1	0.6	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	15	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	570	160	420	1.0	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,445	650	805	2.4	2.2	2.6
Business, management and public administration	7,005	2,665	4,340	11.7	9.1	14.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	735	85	655	1.2	0.3	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,265	2,580	3,680	10.5	8.8	12.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,285	495	790	2.1	1.7	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	510	155	355	0.9	0.5	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345	150	195	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	290	150	135	0.5	0.5	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,415	985	425	2.4	3.4	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,180	845	335	2.0	2.9	1.1
25. Library science	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	110	35	0.2	0.4	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,300	6,645	660	12.2	22.7	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	310	210	95	0.5	0.7	0.3
14. Engineering	1,305	1,040	265	2.2	3.5	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,980	1,780	200	3.3	6.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,210	1,180	25	2.0	4.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,535	1,505	35	2.6	5.1	0.1
48. Precision production	960	930	25	1.6	3.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	480	220	260	0.8	0.8	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	350	160	195	0.6	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	5,430	895	4,535	9.1	3.1	14.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	445	235	210	0.7	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,940	640	4,300	8.3	2.2	14.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,475	1,135	1,335	4.1	3.9	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,255	225	1,030	2.1	0.8	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	830	565	275	1.4	1.9	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	360	340	20	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	59,770	29,300	30,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,390	13,500	11,895	42.5	46.1	39.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,380	15,805	18,575	57.5	53.9	61.0
Location of study inside Canada	28,140	12,815	15,325	47.1	43.7	50.3
Same as province or territory of residence	27,165	12,315	14,850	45.4	42.0	48.7
Different than province or territory of residence	980	500	475	1.6	1.7	1.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,240	2,990	3,250	10.4	10.2	10.7
Americas	1,260	585	675	2.1	2.0	2.2
United States of America	720	320	400	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mexico	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	85	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Brazil	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	130	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Peru	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,750	900	850	2.9	3.1	2.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	320	145	175	0.5	0.5	0.6
Romania	120	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	305	140	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	170	105	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Italy	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	225	115	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other locations of study in Europe	355	220	130	0.6	0.8	0.4
Africa	385	200	185	0.6	0.7	0.6
Nigeria	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	2,730	1,255	1,480	4.6	4.3	4.9
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	50	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkey	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	435	145	290	0.7	0.5	1.0
Viet Nam	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
India	1,150	595	555	1.9	2.0	1.8
Pakistan	465	215	255	0.8	0.7	0.8
Other locations of study in Asia	235	105	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Oceania	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	100	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,065	45,615	48,450	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,510	29,045	26,465	...	...	...
Employed	48,110	25,445	22,665	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,400	3,605	3,795	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,560	16,565	21,985	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.0	63.7	54.6	59.0	63.7	54.6
Employment rate	51.1	55.8	46.8	51.1	55.8	46.8
Unemployment rate	13.3	12.4	14.3	13.3	12.4	14.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,065	45,615	48,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	39,475	17,260	22,220	42.0	37.8	45.9
Worked	54,590	28,355	26,235	58.0	62.2	54.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,895	16,920	12,970	31.8	37.1	26.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,695	11,435	13,255	26.3	25.1	27.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.5	40.3	41.4	42.5	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,505	29,045	26,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,715	905	815	3.1	3.1	3.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,795	28,140	25,650	96.9	96.9	96.9
Employee	47,465	23,935	23,525	85.5	82.4	88.9
Permanent position	41,975	21,360	20,610	75.6	73.5	77.9
Temporary position	5,490	2,580	2,910	9.9	8.9	11.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,745	765	980	3.1	2.6	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,745	1,815	1,930	6.7	6.2	7.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,335	4,210	2,125	11.4	14.5	8.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,505	29,045	26,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,715	905	815	3.1	3.1	3.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,795	28,140	25,650	96.9	96.9	96.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	420	305	115	0.8	1.1	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,520	2,615	5,910	15.3	9.0	22.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,560	2,665	895	6.4	9.2	3.4
3 Health occupations	4,055	580	3,470	7.3	2.0	13.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,175	1,555	3,615	9.3	5.4	13.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,125	460	670	2.0	1.6	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	14,395	5,890	8,510	25.9	20.3	32.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,545	10,510	1,030	20.8	36.2	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	535	420	115	1.0	1.4	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,455	3,140	1,315	8.0	10.8	5.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,505	29,045	26,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,715	905	815	3.1	3.1	3.1
All industries¹⁹¹	53,795	28,140	25,650	96.9	96.9	96.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	305	185	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	105	95	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	265	205	60	0.5	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	4,630	4,080	545	8.3	14.0	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	7,690	5,530	2,160	13.9	19.0	8.2
41 Wholesale trade	2,340	1,705	635	4.2	5.9	2.4
44-45 Retail trade	6,615	2,880	3,735	11.9	9.9	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,405	2,560	845	6.1	8.8	3.2
51 Information and cultural industries	755	400	350	1.4	1.4	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	1,980	745	1,235	3.6	2.6	4.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	970	560	415	1.7	1.9	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,190	1,685	1,500	5.7	5.8	5.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,920	1,615	1,305	5.3	5.6	4.9
61 Educational services	3,555	1,105	2,450	6.4	3.8	9.3
62 Health care and social assistance	6,790	910	5,885	12.2	3.1	22.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	740	355	385	1.3	1.2	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,880	1,175	1,705	5.2	4.0	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,380	1,235	1,145	4.3	4.3	4.3
91 Public administration	2,155	1,065	1,085	3.9	3.7	4.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	58,815	30,510	28,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	56,170	29,155	27,020	95.5	95.6	95.4
French	100	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	270	170	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	270	170	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
English and French	550	215	340	0.9	0.7	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,665	930	735	2.8	3.0	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	58,815	30,510	28,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	58,390	30,285	28,110	99.3	99.3	99.3
Official languages	57,870	29,980	27,890	98.4	98.3	98.5
English	57,705	29,930	27,770	98.1	98.1	98.1
French	165	50	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official languages	520	300	220	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	520	300	220	0.9	1.0	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	365	225	145	0.6	0.7	0.5
Albanian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	105	75	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	105	75	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	145	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	145	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	425	225	200	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	110	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	315	190	130	0.5	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	58,815	30,510	28,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,925	29,555	27,365	96.8	96.9	96.7
English	270	120	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
French	380	155	225	0.6	0.5	0.8
Non-official language	1,045	585	460	1.8	1.9	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,040	585	455	1.8	1.9	1.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	48,110	25,445	22,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,520	4,085	5,435	19.8	16.1	24.0
Worked outside Canada	160	95	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
No fixed workplace address	6,380	4,830	1,550	13.3	19.0	6.8
Usual place of work	32,055	16,430	15,620	66.6	64.6	68.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,055	16,435	15,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	21,515	10,180	11,335	67.1	61.9	72.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10,495	6,220	4,275	32.7	37.8	27.4
Commute to a different province or territory	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	38,435	21,265	17,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,190	19,530	14,660	89.0	91.8	85.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,145	18,240	12,905	81.0	85.8	75.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,045	1,290	1,755	7.9	6.1	10.2
Public transit	2,355	855	1,510	6.1	4.0	8.8
Walked	1,155	535	625	3.0	2.5	3.6
Bicycle	165	125	35	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	565	225	340	1.5	1.1	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	38,435	21,265	17,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,160	5,345	4,810	26.4	25.1	28.0
15 to 29 minutes	14,985	7,730	7,260	39.0	36.4	42.3
30 to 44 minutes	6,980	3,930	3,050	18.2	18.5	17.8
45 to 59 minutes	3,065	2,015	1,045	8.0	9.5	6.1
60 minutes and over	3,240	2,240	1,005	8.4	10.5	5.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	38,435	21,265	17,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,010	2,955	1,055	10.4	13.9	6.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,695	5,095	2,595	20.0	24.0	15.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,970	4,530	4,440	23.3	21.3	25.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,670	2,950	3,715	17.4	13.9	21.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,180	1,795	2,390	10.9	8.4	13.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,910	3,935	2,975	18.0	18.5	17.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,985	10,850	10,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,400	695	705	6.7	6.4	7.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,585	10,160	9,430	93.3	93.6	93.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,990	7,715	7,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,055	520	530	7.0	6.7	7.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	620	300	320	4.1	3.9	4.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	435	220	210	2.9	2.9	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,935	7,190	6,745	93.0	93.2	92.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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