Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	MiltonMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts	Rates
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	136,993	...
Population, 2016¹	114,093	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	20.1	20.1
Total private dwellings²	42,453	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	41,354	...
Population density per square kilometre	306.2	306.2
Land area in square kilometres	447.36	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	136,995	100.0
0 to 14 years	32,500	23.7
0 to 4 years	9,000	6.6
5 to 9 years	11,225	8.2
10 to 14 years	12,270	9.0
15 to 64 years	90,380	66.0
15 to 19 years	9,790	7.1
20 to 24 years	7,165	5.2
25 to 29 years	7,045	5.1
30 to 34 years	9,420	6.9
35 to 39 years	11,550	8.4
40 to 44 years	12,620	9.2
45 to 49 years	11,315	8.3
50 to 54 years	8,840	6.5
55 to 59 years	7,090	5.2
60 to 64 years	5,545	4.0
65 years and over	14,110	10.3
65 to 69 years	4,640	3.4
70 to 74 years	4,125	3.0
75 to 79 years	2,560	1.9
80 to 84 years	1,510	1.1
85 years and over	1,280	0.9
85 to 89 years	810	0.6
90 to 94 years	380	0.3
95 to 99 years	80	0.1
100 years and over	10	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.7	23.7
15 to 64 years	66.0	66.0
65 years and over	10.3	10.3
85 years and over	0.9	0.9
Average age of the population	35.5	35.5
Median age of the population	36.0	36.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	41,355	100.0
Single-detached house	24,025	58.1
Semi-detached house	3,755	9.1
Row house	9,140	22.1
Apartment or flat in a duplex	295	0.7
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,920	4.6
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,185	5.3
Other single-attached house	15	0.0
Movable dwelling⁴	15	0.0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	41,350	100.0
1 person	5,285	12.8
2 persons	9,780	23.7
3 persons	7,655	18.5
4 persons	10,700	25.9
5 or more persons	7,940	19.2
Number of persons in private households	135,245	100.0
Average household size	3.3	3.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	104,495	100.0
Married or living common-law	67,510	64.6
Married	61,495	58.8
Living common-law	6,015	5.8
Living common law - Never married	4,145	4.0
Living common law - Separated	305	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,445	1.4
Living common law - Widowed	125	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	36,985	35.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,195	26.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,220	2.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,925	3.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,640	3.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	37,590	100.0
2 persons	12,165	32.4
3 persons	8,520	22.7
4 persons	11,330	30.1
5 or more persons	5,580	14.8
Average size of census families	3.3	3.3
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	1.9
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	37,590	100.0
Total couple families	32,995	87.8
Married couples	29,995	79.8
With children⁶	21,860	58.2
Without children	8,135	21.6
Common-law couples	3,005	8.0
With children⁶	1,395	3.7
Without children	1,610	4.3
Total one-parent families	4,595	12.2
in which the parent is a woman+	3,585	9.5
in which the parent is a man+	1,010	2.7
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	135,245	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	124,735	92.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	65,995	48.8
Parents in one-parent families	4,590	3.4
Children⁶	54,145	40.0
In a two-parent family	46,530	34.4
In a one-parent family	7,615	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,515	7.8
Living alone	5,285	3.9
Living with other relatives⁷	3,305	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	1,915	1.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	41,355	100.0
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,520	73.8
Couple-family households	27,200	65.8
With children⁶	19,660	47.5
Without children	7,535	18.2
One-parent-family households	3,320	8.0
Multigenerational households⁸	2,865	6.9
Multiple-census-family households⁹	520	1.3
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,415	3.4
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	740	1.8
One-person households	5,290	12.8
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	102,760	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,820	94.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	48,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,880	94.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	42,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,750	85.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	45,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,110	75.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	48,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,075	83.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,040	6,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,995	8.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,110	29.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	102,660	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,765	94.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,450	62,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,815	94.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,640	50,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,705	85.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,000	60,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,070	75.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,050	60,050
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,115	83.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,090	9,090
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,065	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,160	7,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,045	29.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	9,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	102,665	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,910	39.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,500	76,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	88,700	88,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,585	26.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,080	30,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.0	87.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.6	76.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.0	13.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	102,760	100.0
Without total income	5,940	5.8
With total income	96,820	94.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,765	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	10,245	10.6
$20,000 to $29,999	12,155	12.6
$30,000 to $39,999	9,635	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	8,475	8.8
$50,000 to $59,999	7,885	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,950	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,925	6.1
$80,000 to $89,999	5,070	5.2
$90,000 to $99,999	4,300	4.4
$100,000 and over	16,410	16.9
$100,000 to $149,999	11,295	11.7
$150,000 and over	5,110	5.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	102,760	100.0
Without after-tax income	5,880	5.7
With after-tax income	96,880	94.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,110	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,730	11.1
$20,000 to $29,999	13,575	14.0
$30,000 to $39,999	11,190	11.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,610	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	9,610	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,700	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	6,405	6.6
$80,000 to $89,999	5,565	5.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,520	3.6
$100,000 and over	7,870	8.1
$100,000 to $124,999	4,190	4.3
$125,000 and over	3,675	3.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	102,760	100.0
Without employment income	25,655	25.0
With employment income	77,110	75.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,790	12.7
$5,000 to $9,999	6,030	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,575	9.8
$20,000 to $29,999	5,450	7.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,155	6.7
$40,000 to $49,999	5,430	7.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,625	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,385	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,620	6.0
$80,000 to $89,999	4,255	5.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,905	5.1
$100,000 and over	13,890	18.0
$100,000 to $124,999	6,625	8.6
$125,000 and over	7,265	9.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	102,760	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,285	91.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,305	91.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,380	84.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	46,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,725	74.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	48,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,925	77.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,240	1,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,340	6.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	102,660	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,220	91.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,000	60,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,240	91.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,200	48,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,415	84.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,350	60,350
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,780	74.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,700	60,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,905	77.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,310	6.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,520	8,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	102,665	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,590	39.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,000	72,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	83,200	83,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,790	25.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,920	36,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.2	92.2
Employment income (%)	82.4	82.4
Government transfers (%)	7.7	7.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	41,355	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	127,000	127,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	108,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,290	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,200	59,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400	50,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	36,065	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	137,000	137,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	116,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	41,315	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	146,200	146,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	118,600	118,600
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,295	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	72,200	72,200
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,050	58,050
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	36,025	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	157,200	157,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,500	127,500
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	41,355	100.0
Under $5,000	260	0.6
$5,000 to $9,999	100	0.2
$10,000 to $14,999	170	0.4
$15,000 to $19,999	245	0.6
$20,000 to $24,999	465	1.1
$25,000 to $29,999	545	1.3
$30,000 to $34,999	505	1.2
$35,000 to $39,999	655	1.6
$40,000 to $44,999	730	1.8
$45,000 to $49,999	730	1.8
$50,000 to $59,999	1,700	4.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,915	4.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,145	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,160	5.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,205	5.3
$100,000 and over	26,825	64.9
$100,000 to $124,999	5,770	14.0
$125,000 to $149,999	5,315	12.9
$150,000 to $199,999	7,830	18.9
$200,000 and over	7,920	19.2
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	41,355	100.0
Under $5,000	300	0.7
$5,000 to $9,999	105	0.3
$10,000 to $14,999	185	0.4
$15,000 to $19,999	265	0.6
$20,000 to $24,999	510	1.2
$25,000 to $29,999	615	1.5
$30,000 to $34,999	595	1.4
$35,000 to $39,999	800	1.9
$40,000 to $44,999	835	2.0
$45,000 to $49,999	895	2.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,185	5.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,505	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,695	6.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,930	7.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,030	7.3
$100,000 and over	22,885	55.3
$100,000 to $124,999	7,110	17.2
$125,000 to $149,999	5,665	13.7
$150,000 and over	10,115	24.5
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	35,745	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	136,000	136,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	115,000
Average family size of economic families	3.6	3.6
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,760	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	116,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	98,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	23,165	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	150,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	127,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	4.3
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,980	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	90,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	81,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,205	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,400	52,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	46,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	35,660	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	156,000	156,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,600	126,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,700	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	142,200	142,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,800	112,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	23,235	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	169,400	169,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,600	137,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,885	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	102,600	102,600
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	87,000
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,185	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	66,600	66,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,050	54,050
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	135,250	100.0
0 to 17 years	38,810	28.7
0 to 5 years	11,155	8.2
18 to 64 years	82,820	61.2
65 years and over	13,615	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,900	...
0 to 17 years	2,745	...
0 to 5 years	805	...
18 to 64 years	4,070	...
65 years and over	1,080	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.8	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1	7.1
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2	7.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	4.9
65 years and over (%)	7.9	7.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	135,245	100.0
0 to 17 years	38,815	28.7
0 to 5 years	11,150	8.2
18 to 64 years	82,820	61.2
65 years and over	13,615	10.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,280	...
0 to 17 years	1,060	...
0 to 5 years	295	...
18 to 64 years	1,945	...
65 years and over	280	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4	2.4
65 years and over (%)	2.1	2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	135,250	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	49,385	36.5
In bottom decile	6,760	5.0
In second decile	8,170	6.0
In third decile	9,975	7.4
In fourth decile	11,430	8.5
In fifth decile	13,045	9.6
In top half of the distribution	85,870	63.5
In sixth decile	14,315	10.6
In seventh decile	16,480	12.2
In eighth decile	17,830	13.2
In ninth decile	19,420	14.4
In top decile	17,825	13.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	135,245	135,245
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.310	0.310
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.393	0.393
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	0.268
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	3.3
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	135,600	100.0
English only	122,620	90.4
French only	105	0.1
English and French	10,510	7.8
Neither English nor French	2,365	1.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	135,600	100.0
English	130,405	96.2
French	1,665	1.2
English and French	1,235	0.9
Neither English nor French	2,300	1.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	135,600	100.0
Single responses	124,425	91.8
Official languages	77,890	57.4
English	76,405	56.3
French	1,485	1.1
Non-official languages	46,530	34.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	46,530	34.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,890	4.3
Berber languages	5	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	30	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	40	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,810	4.3
Amharic	20	0.0
Arabic	5,465	4.0
Aramaic languages	215	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	140	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0.0
Maltese	75	0.1
Tigrigna	20	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	525	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0.0
Vietnamese	515	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,380	1.8
Bikol	5	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	0.0
Cebuano	55	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	0.0
Ilocano	85	0.1
Indonesian	110	0.1
Kankanaey	5	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,020	1.5
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Creole languages	110	0.1
Haitian Creole	5	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	70	0.1
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Dravidian languages	2,265	1.7
Kannada	80	0.1
Malayalam	445	0.3
Tamil	1,120	0.8
Telugu	595	0.4
Tulu	10	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	31,415	23.2
Albanian	175	0.1
Armenian	35	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,920	2.9
Baltic languages	50	0.0
Latvian	20	0.0
Lithuanian	30	0.0
Slavic languages	3,870	2.9
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	0.1
Czech	60	0.0
Macedonian	120	0.1
Polish	1,780	1.3
Russian	550	0.4
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	940	0.7
Bosnian	65	0.0
Croatian	545	0.4
Serbian	325	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Slovak	60	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	0.0
Ukrainian	240	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	740	0.5
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	420	0.3
German	400	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	255	0.2
Afrikaans	45	0.0
Dutch	195	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	0.0
Danish	45	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0.0
Swedish	10	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	235	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	20,050	14.8
Indo-Aryan languages	18,845	13.9
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	455	0.3
Gujarati	970	0.7
Hindi	1,455	1.1
Kacchi	15	0.0
Kashmiri	10	0.0
Konkani	60	0.0
Marathi	190	0.1
Nepali	85	0.1
Oriya languages	35	0.0
Odia	10	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	25	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,375	1.8
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	210	0.2
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	180	0.1
Urdu	12,765	9.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	0.0
Iranian languages	1,205	0.9
Baluchi	5	0.0
Kurdish	15	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	285	0.2
Persian languages	890	0.7
Dari	575	0.4
Iranian Persian	225	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	95	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,265	4.6
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	1,060	0.8
Portuguese	1,675	1.2
Romanian	375	0.3
Spanish	3,135	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	55	0.0
Korean	570	0.4
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	385	0.3
Akan (Twi)	70	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	15	0.0
Éwé	10	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	10	0.0
Ganda	10	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0.0
Igbo	20	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	5	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	20	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	25	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	5	0.0
Yoruba	135	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	70	0.1
American Sign Language	70	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,345	1.7
Chinese languages	2,315	1.7
Hakka	20	0.0
Mandarin	1,525	1.1
Min Dong	5	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	695	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	0.0
Burmese	10	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	15	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	0.0
Lao	15	0.0
Thai	25	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	260	0.2
Azerbaijani	10	0.0
Kazakh	10	0.0
Turkish	215	0.2
Uyghur	5	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Uralic languages	205	0.2
Estonian	15	0.0
Finnish	25	0.0
Hungarian	165	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Multiple responses	11,180	8.2
English and French	660	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	9,515	7.0
French and non-official language(s)	155	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	280	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	565	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	135,600	100.0
English	78,110	57.6
French	410	0.3
Non-official language	10,320	7.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10,320	7.6
English and French	1,485	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	42,705	31.5
French and non-official language(s)	105	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,515	1.1
Multiple non-official languages	950	0.7
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	135,600	100.0
Single responses	122,750	90.5
Official languages	96,675	71.3
English	95,995	70.8
French	685	0.5
Non-official languages	26,075	19.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,075	19.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,295	2.4
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Hausa	0	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	20	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	25	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,250	2.4
Amharic	15	0.0
Arabic	3,075	2.3
Aramaic languages	145	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	95	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0.0
Maltese	15	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	300	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	305	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,120	0.8
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	0.0
Cebuano	50	0.0
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	0.0
Ilocano	30	0.0
Indonesian	45	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	935	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	95	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	65	0.0
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,405	1.0
Kannada	35	0.0
Malayalam	210	0.2
Tamil	780	0.6
Telugu	365	0.3
Tulu	10	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	17,500	12.9
Albanian	90	0.1
Armenian	5	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,720	1.3
Baltic languages	15	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0.0
Slavic languages	1,710	1.3
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	0.0
Czech	5	0.0
Macedonian	60	0.0
Polish	785	0.6
Russian	340	0.3
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	365	0.3
Bosnian	15	0.0
Croatian	205	0.2
Serbian	145	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	15	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0.0
Ukrainian	100	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	100	0.1
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	45	0.0
German	45	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	0.0
Afrikaans	35	0.0
Dutch	10	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0.0
Danish	5	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	60	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	12,640	9.3
Indo-Aryan languages	12,000	8.8
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	295	0.2
Gujarati	585	0.4
Hindi	785	0.6
Kacchi	10	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0.0
Konkani	20	0.0
Marathi	115	0.1
Nepali	55	0.0
Oriya languages	20	0.0
Odia	5	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,520	1.1
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	140	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	105	0.1
Urdu	8,365	6.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Iranian languages	640	0.5
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	170	0.1
Persian languages	450	0.3
Dari	295	0.2
Iranian Persian	120	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,880	2.1
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	210	0.2
Portuguese	580	0.4
Romanian	180	0.1
Spanish	1,900	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	10	0.0
Korean	410	0.3
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	5	0.0
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	5	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	10	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	5	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	35	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	135	0.1
American Sign Language	125	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,520	1.1
Chinese languages	1,505	1.1
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	1,135	0.8
Min Dong	5	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	340	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0.0
Lao	5	0.0
Thai	5	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	135	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	0.0
Kazakh	0	0.0
Turkish	115	0.1
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	40	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	12,850	9.5
English and French	390	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	12,080	8.9
French and non-official language(s)	50	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	140	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	135,600	100.0
None	99,565	73.4
English	13,200	9.7
French	1,315	1.0
Non-official language	17,095	12.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	17,095	12.6
English and French	250	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,695	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	625	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,840	1.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	135,125	100.0
Official languages	132,775	98.3
English	132,655	98.2
French	10,590	7.8
Non-official languages	67,080	49.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	67,070	49.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,980	6.6
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	0.0
Hausa	15	0.0
Mina	0	0.0
Coptic	95	0.1
Cushitic languages	50	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	50	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	8,905	6.6
Amharic	30	0.0
Arabic	8,535	6.3
Aramaic languages	295	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	170	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	90	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35	0.0
Harari	0	0.0
Hebrew	65	0.0
Maltese	130	0.1
Tigrigna	30	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	770	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	760	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,320	2.5
Bikol	15	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55	0.0
Cebuano	95	0.1
Fijian	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	0.0
Ilocano	125	0.1
Indonesian	110	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Merina	0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Malay	80	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,085	2.3
Waray-Waray	0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	70	0.1
Creole languages	255	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Krio	0	0.0
Morisyen	140	0.1
Sango	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	0.0
Dravidian languages	3,900	2.9
Kannada	295	0.2
Malayalam	775	0.6
Tamil	2,105	1.6
Telugu	1,095	0.8
Tulu	30	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	40	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45,955	34.0
Albanian	275	0.2
Armenian	15	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,960	3.7
Baltic languages	50	0.0
Latvian	10	0.0
Lithuanian	40	0.0
Slavic languages	4,925	3.6
Belarusian	0	0.0
Bulgarian	120	0.1
Czech	105	0.1
Macedonian	165	0.1
Polish	2,350	1.7
Russian	835	0.6
Rusyn	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,315	1.0
Bosnian	80	0.1
Croatian	910	0.7
Serbian	400	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	80	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	80	0.1
Ukrainian	325	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	0.0
Irish	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Welsh	10	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,445	1.1
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	965	0.7
German	930	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	40	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	430	0.3
Afrikaans	125	0.1
Dutch	305	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	0.1
Danish	45	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	30	0.0
Swedish	40	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	340	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	30,395	22.5
Indo-Aryan languages	29,115	21.5
Assamese	0	0.0
Bengali	735	0.5
Gujarati	1,620	1.2
Hindi	6,830	5.1
Kacchi	40	0.0
Kashmiri	45	0.0
Konkani	215	0.2
Marathi	430	0.3
Nepali	135	0.1
Oriya languages	70	0.1
Odia	25	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	45	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,140	4.5
Rohingya	0	0.0
Sindhi	400	0.3
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	235	0.2
Urdu	19,860	14.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	270	0.2
Iranian languages	1,710	1.3
Baluchi	0	0.0
Kurdish	35	0.0
Parsi	0	0.0
Pashto	610	0.5
Persian languages	1,185	0.9
Dari	805	0.6
Iranian Persian	320	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,085	6.7
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	2,030	1.5
Portuguese	2,470	1.8
Romanian	395	0.3
Spanish	4,615	3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	105	0.1
Korean	735	0.5
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,415	1.0
Akan (Twi)	150	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0.0
Edo	85	0.1
Éwé	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	15	0.0
Ganda	35	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0.0
Igbo	75	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	30	0.0
Luba-Kasai	15	0.0
Mòoré	0	0.0
Mwani	0	0.0
Ndebele	40	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	50	0.0
Soninke	0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0.0
Swahili	160	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	715	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	145	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nuer	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Sign languages	380	0.3
American Sign Language	370	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,925	2.2
Chinese languages	2,900	2.1
Hakka	35	0.0
Mandarin	2,020	1.5
Min Dong	50	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,110	0.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	0.0
Lao	15	0.0
Thai	20	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	455	0.3
Azerbaijani	65	0.0
Kazakh	10	0.0
Turkish	425	0.3
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	0.0
Uralic languages	215	0.2
Estonian	20	0.0
Finnish	35	0.0
Hungarian	160	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	135,125	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	985	0.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	880	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	560	0.4
Métis	305	0.2
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	134,145	99.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	135,125	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	320	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	134,805	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	41,315	100.0
Owner	34,255	82.9
Renter	7,065	17.1
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0.0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	41,315	100.0
Condominium	5,300	12.8
Not condominium	36,015	87.2
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	41,315	100.0
No bedrooms	105	0.3
1 bedroom	1,835	4.4
2 bedrooms	4,910	11.9
3 bedrooms	16,965	41.1
4 or more bedrooms	17,505	42.4
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	41,315	100.0
1 to 4 rooms	7,055	17.1
5 rooms	6,115	14.8
6 rooms	7,475	18.1
7 rooms	6,660	16.1
8 or more rooms	14,010	33.9
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	6.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	41,315	100.0
One person or fewer per room	39,620	95.9
More than one person per room	1,700	4.1
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	41,315	100.0
Suitable	38,715	93.7
Not suitable	2,605	6.3
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	41,315	100.0
1960 or before	2,455	5.9
1961 to 1980	5,905	14.3
1981 to 1990	2,065	5.0
1991 to 2000	1,505	3.6
2001 to 2005	6,710	16.2
2006 to 2010	8,815	21.3
2011 to 2015	7,375	17.9
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,495	15.7
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	41,315	100.0
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,170	97.2
Major repairs needed	1,145	2.8
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	41,315	100.0
One-maintainer household	16,050	38.8
Two-maintainer household	22,905	55.4
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,365	5.7
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	41,315	100.0
15 to 24 years	140	0.3
25 to 34 years	4,770	11.5
35 to 44 years	11,705	28.3
45 to 54 years	11,130	26.9
55 to 64 years	6,885	16.7
65 to 74 years	4,260	10.3
75 to 84 years	1,850	4.5
85 years and over	590	1.4
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,080	100.0
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	30,805	75.0
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,275	25.0
30% to less than 100%	9,515	23.2
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	41,315	100.0
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,975	31.4
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,320	22.6
Not suitable only	1,935	4.7
Major repairs needed only	695	1.7
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	575	1.4
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	360	0.9
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	0.2
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	0.0
Acceptable housing	28,340	68.6
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,325	100.0
In core need	3,645	9.0
Not in core need	36,680	91.0
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,145	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	77.8	77.8
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.7	21.7
% in core housing need⁶³	6.5	6.5
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,300	2,300
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,278	2,278
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	950,000	950,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,050,000	1,050,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,065	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.4	6.4
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	41.4	41.4
% in core housing need⁶³	21.5	21.5
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,180	2,180
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,034	2,034
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	135,130	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	275	0.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	235	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	195	0.1
Métis single ancestry	40	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,265	0.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,220	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	865	0.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	325	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	133,580	98.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	135,125	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	119,200	88.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	35,380	26.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,825	62.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	15,925	11.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	135,125	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	77,060	57.0
Immigrants⁸¹	56,015	41.5
Before 1980	5,695	4.2
1980 to 1990	4,480	3.3
1991 to 2000	10,630	7.9
2001 to 2010	17,185	12.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	18,025	13.3
2011 to 2015	8,885	6.6
2016 to 2021	9,135	6.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,050	1.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	56,015	100.0
Under 5 years	6,580	11.7
5 to 14 years	11,265	20.1
15 to 24 years	8,770	15.7
25 to 44 years	24,475	43.7
45 years and over	4,925	8.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	56,015	100.0
Americas	6,745	12.0
Brazil	280	0.5
Colombia	765	1.4
El Salvador	135	0.2
Guyana	380	0.7
Haiti	15	0.0
Jamaica	1,135	2.0
Mexico	345	0.6
Peru	130	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	530	0.9
United States of America	1,410	2.5
Other places of birth in Americas	1,620	2.9
Europe	8,795	15.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	215	0.4
Croatia	335	0.6
France	85	0.2
Germany	265	0.5
Greece	85	0.2
Hungary	80	0.1
Italy	635	1.1
Netherlands	225	0.4
Poland	1,480	2.6
Portugal	855	1.5
Romania	340	0.6
Russian Federation	265	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	75	0.1
Ukraine	215	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,460	4.4
Other places of birth in Europe	1,180	2.1
Africa	5,075	9.1
Algeria	25	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	0.1
Egypt	2,165	3.9
Eritrea	15	0.0
Ethiopia	30	0.1
Morocco	55	0.1
Nigeria	995	1.8
Somalia	45	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	345	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	1,315	2.3
Asia	35,305	63.0
Afghanistan	670	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	230	0.4
Iraq	1,870	3.3
Lebanon	380	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	535	1.0
Turkey	195	0.3
China⁹⁰	1,495	2.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	315	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	525	0.9
Taiwan	75	0.1
Philippines	3,205	5.7
Viet Nam	595	1.1
Bangladesh	345	0.6
India	8,575	15.3
Pakistan	11,620	20.7
Sri Lanka	815	1.5
Other places of birth in Asia	3,860	6.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	9,135	100.0
Americas	900	9.9
Brazil	105	1.1
Colombia	80	0.9
Haiti	0	0.0
Jamaica	70	0.8
Mexico	40	0.4
United States of America	335	3.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	145	1.6
Other places of birth in Americas	135	1.5
Europe	380	4.2
France	0	0.0
Germany	15	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0.2
Italy	20	0.2
Russian Federation	20	0.2
Ukraine	20	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	125	1.4
Other places of birth in Europe	160	1.8
Africa	1,165	12.8
Algeria	10	0.1
Burundi	0	0.0
Cameroon	10	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0.0
Egypt	355	3.9
Eritrea	0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0.0
Morocco	0	0.0
Nigeria	525	5.7
Somalia	0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	0.8
Sudan⁹⁷	70	0.8
Tunisia	0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	110	1.2
Asia	6,680	73.1
Afghanistan	70	0.8
Bangladesh	80	0.9
China⁹⁰	295	3.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0.0
India	2,125	23.3
Iran⁸⁸	45	0.5
Iraq	510	5.6
Israel	0	0.0
Japan	10	0.1
Jordan	95	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	80	0.9
Lebanon	25	0.3
Nepal	0	0.0
Pakistan	1,600	17.5
Philippines	445	4.9
Saudi Arabia	280	3.1
Sri Lanka	45	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	315	3.4
Turkey	75	0.8
United Arab Emirates	240	2.6
Viet Nam	60	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	240	2.6
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0.1
Australia	10	0.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	135,125	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	59,200	43.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	39,980	29.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	35,945	26.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	50,320	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	31,210	62.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,810	21.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	20,400	40.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	12,810	25.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	6,010	11.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	290	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	50,320	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,765	5.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,030	6.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	895	1.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,850	3.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	200	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	41,575	82.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	135,125	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	73,030	54.0
South Asian	37,310	27.6
Chinese	3,735	2.8
Black	7,680	5.7
Filipino	5,310	3.9
Arab	7,520	5.6
Latin American	3,425	2.5
Southeast Asian	1,290	1.0
West Asian	1,775	1.3
Korean	820	0.6
Japanese	300	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,165	0.9
Multiple visible minorities	2,705	2.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	62,095	46.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	135,125	100.0
Canadian	12,045	8.9
English	15,535	11.5
Irish	12,480	9.2
Scottish	12,695	9.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,595	3.4
German	6,335	4.7
Chinese	4,515	3.3
Italian	7,890	5.8
Indian (India)	14,265	10.6
Ukrainian	2,605	1.9
Dutch	2,790	2.1
Polish	5,050	3.7
Québécois	75	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,105	3.0
Filipino	5,380	4.0
French Canadian	875	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,240	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	440	0.3
Métis	445	0.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,435	1.1
Russian	1,115	0.8
Norwegian	385	0.3
Welsh	1,215	0.9
Portuguese	5,325	3.9
American	1,040	0.8
Spanish	1,750	1.3
Swedish	300	0.2
Hungarian	825	0.6
Acadian	275	0.2
Pakistani	16,075	11.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,780	1.3
Jewish	435	0.3
Punjabi	2,020	1.5
Vietnamese	1,055	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,690	2.0
Greek	1,125	0.8
Jamaican	2,360	1.7
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,630	1.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	0.0
Korean	865	0.6
Romanian	565	0.4
Lebanese	955	0.7
Iranian	335	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	780	0.6
Danish	385	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	175	0.1
Sikh	755	0.6
Austrian	480	0.4
Belgian	255	0.2
Haitian	30	0.0
Hindu	1,880	1.4
Mexican	585	0.4
Mennonite	160	0.1
Swiss	270	0.2
Finnish	350	0.3
Sri Lankan	870	0.6
Croatian	1,525	1.1
Japanese	425	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,040	1.5
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	135	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	265	0.2
Muslim	2,670	2.0
Egyptian	2,655	2.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	775	0.6
Tamil	860	0.6
Icelandic	70	0.1
Colombian	860	0.6
Moroccan	90	0.1
Czech	200	0.1
Syrian	860	0.6
Guyanese	950	0.7
Afghan	1,315	1.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	575	0.4
Serbian	605	0.4
Ojibway	115	0.1
Newfoundlander	260	0.2
Hong Konger	185	0.1
Ontarian	505	0.4
Persian	315	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	875	0.6
Turkish	615	0.5
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	0.0
Bangladeshi	465	0.3
Algerian	30	0.0
Brazilian	400	0.3
Nigerian	595	0.4
Armenian	145	0.1
Slovak	230	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	105	0.1
Somali	80	0.1
Taiwanese	115	0.1
Iraqi	1,500	1.1
Salvadorean	150	0.1
African Caribbean	540	0.4
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	550	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	880	0.7
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	370	0.3
Algonquin	20	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	365	0.3
Lithuanian	185	0.1
South African	355	0.3
Australian	90	0.1
Palestinian	900	0.7
Chilean	135	0.1
Congolese	45	0.0
Nova Scotian	70	0.1
Ethiopian	80	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	330	0.2
Peruvian	240	0.2
Yoruba	705	0.5
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0.0
Berber	0	0.0
Albanian	285	0.2
Maltese	770	0.6
Macedonian	350	0.3
Slovenian	360	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	0.1
New Brunswicker	55	0.0
Gujarati	375	0.3
Eritrean	30	0.0
African Canadian	190	0.1
Israeli	130	0.1
Mohawk	85	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	0.0
Bulgarian	170	0.1
Albertan	35	0.0
Ghanaian	170	0.1
Barbadian	230	0.2
African American	115	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	115	0.1
Tunisian	100	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	125	0.1
Cuban	240	0.2
Bosnian	165	0.1
Venezuelan	430	0.3
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0.0
Latvian	75	0.1
Bengali	110	0.1
Cameroonian	45	0.0
Guatemalan	110	0.1
Indonesian	90	0.1
Laotian	45	0.0
Ilocano	100	0.1
Northern Irish	125	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	0.0
British Columbian	0	0.0
Ecuadorian	305	0.2
Franco Ontarian	30	0.0
Argentinian	150	0.1
Estonian	175	0.1
Kurdish	85	0.1
Fijian	0	0.0
Jatt	50	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	0.0
Coptic	1,100	0.8
Thai	40	0.0
Dominican	65	0.0
Nepali	165	0.1
Kabyle	0	0.0
Assyrian	170	0.1
Igbo	110	0.1
Byelorussian	65	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0.0
Abenaki	10	0.0
Moldovan	0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0.0
New Zealander	30	0.0
Sudanese	180	0.1
Breton	0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	70	0.1
Malaysian	115	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	0.0
Buddhist	65	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0.0
Norman	25	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	105	0.1
Ivorian	0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0.0
Burundian	0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0.0
Nicaraguan	35	0.0
Mauritian	170	0.1
Kenyan	95	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Vincentian	80	0.1
Jordanian	205	0.2
Manitoban	15	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0.0
Grenadian	100	0.1
Malayali	185	0.1
Chaldean	165	0.1
Sinhalese	110	0.1
Mayan	0	0.0
Honduran	15	0.0
Cherokee	0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	90	0.1
Flemish	15	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	35	0.0
Senegalese	0	0.0
Azerbaijani	60	0.0
Sicilian	15	0.0
Pashtun	270	0.2
Malay	75	0.1
Goan	240	0.2
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	70	0.1
Tibetan	0	0.0
Zimbabwean	70	0.1
Burmese	50	0.0
Mongolian	0	0.0
Azorean	70	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	55	0.0
Ugandan	95	0.1
Oromo	0	0.0
Tanzanian	55	0.0
Yemeni	105	0.1
Central African	0	0.0
Libyan	0	0.0
Basque	0	0.0
Uruguayan	85	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	70	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	50	0.0
Igorot	15	0.0
Fulani	0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0.0
Guinean	0	0.0
St. Lucian	55	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	40	0.0
Maliseet	25	0.0
Beninese	0	0.0
Telugu	135	0.1
Roma	0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0.0
Kashmiri	285	0.2
Singaporean	45	0.0
Karen	0	0.0
Edo	60	0.0
Tajik	55	0.0
Amhara	0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	135,125	100.0
Buddhist	855	0.6
Christian	65,375	48.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,720	7.2
Anabaptist	185	0.1
Anglican	3,490	2.6
Baptist	985	0.7
Catholic	37,650	27.9
Christian Orthodox	4,215	3.1
Jehovah's Witness	345	0.3
Latter Day Saints	70	0.1
Lutheran	500	0.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	140	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,830	1.4
Presbyterian	1,475	1.1
Reformed	115	0.1
United Church	2,750	2.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,895	1.4
Hindu	8,035	5.9
Jewish	345	0.3
Muslim	30,590	22.6
Sikh	3,260	2.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	500	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	26,150	19.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	133,495	100.0
Non-movers	117,035	87.7
Movers	16,460	12.3
Non-migrants	6,575	4.9
Migrants	9,885	7.4
Internal migrants	8,475	6.3
Intraprovincial migrants	8,170	6.1
Interprovincial migrants	305	0.2
External migrants	1,405	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	126,150	100.0
Non-movers	70,480	55.9
Movers	55,675	44.1
Non-migrants	16,580	13.1
Migrants	39,090	31.0
Internal migrants	29,880	23.7
Intraprovincial migrants	27,890	22.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,995	1.6
External migrants	9,210	7.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	102,665	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,830	12.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	89,835	87.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,345	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,955	5.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,385	94.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	102,660	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,980	11.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,365	23.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	66,315	64.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,775	24.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,660	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,905	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,755	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,605	18.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,510	2.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	41,540	40.5
Bachelor's degree	27,310	26.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,450	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,210	1.2
Master's degree	9,785	9.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	780	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,345	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,420	4.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,120	18.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,800	77.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,475	26.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,610	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,320	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,290	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,965	20.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,895	2.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	36,330	50.2
Bachelor's degree	23,535	32.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,100	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,030	1.4
Master's degree	9,020	12.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	645	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	102,660	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,350	35.4
Education	3,100	3.0
13. Education	3,100	3.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,815	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,640	1.6
Humanities	3,850	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	265	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	910	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,645	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	240	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	0.2
54. History	425	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,480	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,010	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,280	1.2
22. Legal professions and studies	1,175	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	190	0.2
42. Psychology	1,405	1.4
45. Social sciences	3,380	3.3
Business, management and public administration	17,325	16.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	790	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	16,525	16.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,355	3.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,420	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,025	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	0.1
40. Physical sciences	735	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,135	5.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,220	4.1
25. Library science	100	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	640	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	175	0.2
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,205	11.9
04. Architecture and related services	660	0.6
14. Engineering	5,960	5.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,355	2.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,070	1.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,475	1.4
48. Precision production	680	0.7
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	985	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	755	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	235	0.2
Health and related fields	7,485	7.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	740	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,470	6.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	260	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,535	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,045	1.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,065	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	410	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	35	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	72,345	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,540	22.9
Education	2,495	3.4
13. Education	2,495	3.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,490	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,360	1.9
Humanities	3,115	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	210	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	755	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,315	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	210	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	0.2
54. History	340	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,185	9.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	865	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,055	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	990	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	0.2
42. Psychology	1,180	1.6
45. Social sciences	2,910	4.0
Business, management and public administration	15,135	20.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	695	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,435	20.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,715	3.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,140	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	835	1.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	0.1
40. Physical sciences	595	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,680	6.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,910	5.4
25. Library science	85	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	540	0.7
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	150	0.2
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,050	13.9
04. Architecture and related services	565	0.8
14. Engineering	5,225	7.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,845	2.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0.0
46. Construction trades	835	1.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,075	1.5
48. Precision production	505	0.7
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	750	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	535	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	205	0.3
Health and related fields	6,135	8.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	555	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,345	7.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	225	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,025	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	880	1.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0.0
43. Security and protective services	850	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	280	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	72,345	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,540	22.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	55,805	77.1
Location of study inside Canada	34,595	47.8
Same as province or territory of residence	32,240	44.6
Different than province or territory of residence	2,360	3.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	21,205	29.3
Americas	3,250	4.5
United States of America	1,840	2.5
Mexico	170	0.2
Cuba	20	0.0
Haiti	10	0.0
Jamaica	165	0.2
Brazil	175	0.2
Colombia	210	0.3
Peru	55	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	260	0.4
Other locations of study in Americas	340	0.5
Europe	2,660	3.7
Belgium	20	0.0
France	70	0.1
Germany	85	0.1
Netherlands	25	0.0
Switzerland	20	0.0
Hungary	10	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0.0
Poland	285	0.4
Romania	170	0.2
Russian Federation	90	0.1
Ukraine	95	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	70	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,345	1.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	0.1
Italy	35	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	260	0.4
Africa	1,870	2.6
Nigeria	330	0.5
Algeria	15	0.0
Morocco	10	0.0
Tunisia	20	0.0
Egypt	1,100	1.5
South Africa, Republic of	135	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	255	0.4
Asia	13,150	18.2
Iran⁸⁸	70	0.1
Iraq	645	0.9
Israel	15	0.0
Lebanon	150	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	145	0.2
Turkey	85	0.1
China⁹⁰	565	0.8
Taiwan	0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0.0
Japan	20	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	195	0.3
Philippines	1,340	1.9
Viet Nam	45	0.1
Bangladesh	90	0.1
Sri Lanka	85	0.1
India	4,290	5.9
Pakistan	4,480	6.2
Other locations of study in Asia	890	1.2
Oceania	280	0.4
Australia	255	0.4
New Zealand	15	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	102,660	...
In the labour force	72,760	...
Employed	64,545	...
Unemployed	8,215	...
Not in the labour force	29,900	...
Participation rate	70.9	70.9
Employment rate	62.9	62.9
Unemployment rate	11.3	11.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	102,660	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,215	30.4
Worked	71,450	69.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	42,015	40.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,440	28.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	72,760	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,075	2.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	70,685	97.1
Employee	59,810	82.2
Permanent position	51,765	71.1
Temporary position	8,040	11.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,680	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,365	7.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,875	14.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	72,760	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,075	2.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	70,685	97.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,095	1.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15,410	21.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,895	13.6
3 Health occupations	4,570	6.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,010	11.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,930	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	16,705	23.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,860	13.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	830	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,375	3.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	72,760	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,075	2.9
All industries¹⁹¹	70,685	97.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	465	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	215	0.3
22 Utilities	455	0.6
23 Construction	4,335	6.0
31-33 Manufacturing	6,160	8.5
41 Wholesale trade	4,100	5.6
44-45 Retail trade	8,235	11.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,665	6.4
51 Information and cultural industries	1,820	2.5
52 Finance and insurance	5,745	7.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,510	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,505	11.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	505	0.7
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,600	3.6
61 Educational services	5,215	7.2
62 Health care and social assistance	6,990	9.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,070	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,970	4.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,295	3.2
91 Public administration	2,820	3.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	76,750	100.0
English	71,660	93.4
French	180	0.2
Non-official language	415	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	415	0.5
English and French	1,260	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	3,155	4.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	76,750	100.0
Single responses	75,920	98.9
Official languages	75,050	97.8
English	74,730	97.4
French	320	0.4
Non-official languages	865	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Haida	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0.0
Oneida	0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0.0
Michif	0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0.0
Squamish	0	0.0
Straits	0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0.0
Dakota	0	0.0
Stoney	0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0.0
Haisla	0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	865	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	0.1
Berber languages	0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0.0
Coptic	0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0.0
Bilen	0	0.0
Oromo	0	0.0
Somali	0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	0.1
Amharic	0	0.0
Arabic	55	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0.0
Bikol	0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0.0
Malay	0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0.0
Kannada	0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0.0
Tamil	0	0.0
Telugu	0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Georgian	0	0.0
Indo-European languages	515	0.7
Albanian	0	0.0
Armenian	0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0.0
Latvian	0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0.0
Czech	0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0.0
Polish	35	0.0
Russian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0.0
Croatian	0	0.0
Serbian	0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Slovak	0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0.0
Frisian	0	0.0
High German languages	0	0.0
German	0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0.0
Dutch	0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0.0
Danish	0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0.0
Swedish	0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Greek	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	295	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	290	0.4
Bengali	0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0.0
Hindi	0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0.0
Marathi	0	0.0
Nepali	0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	0.1
Sindhi	0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0.0
Urdu	205	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0.0
Kurdish	0	0.0
Pashto	0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0.0
Dari	0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	160	0.2
Catalan	0	0.0
Italian	10	0.0
Portuguese	45	0.1
Romanian	0	0.0
Spanish	105	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Japanese	0	0.0
Korean	45	0.1
Mongolian	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0.0
Edo	0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0.0
Ga	0	0.0
Ganda	0	0.0
Igbo	0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0.0
Lingala	0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0.0
Shona	0	0.0
Swahili	0	0.0
Wolof	0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0.0
Dinka	0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sign languages	55	0.1
American Sign Language	55	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	0.2
Chinese languages	135	0.2
Hakka	0	0.0
Mandarin	95	0.1
Min Dong	0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0.0
Burmese	0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0.0
Lao	0	0.0
Thai	0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0.0
Turkish	10	0.0
Uyghur	0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0.0
Estonian	0	0.0
Finnish	0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0.0
Multiple responses	830	1.1
English and French	215	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	590	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	76,750	100.0
None	72,995	95.1
English	565	0.7
French	915	1.2
Non-official language	1,845	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,845	2.4
English and French	0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	35	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	65	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	330	0.4
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	64,545	100.0
Worked at home	24,000	37.2
Worked outside Canada	245	0.4
No fixed workplace address	6,790	10.5
Usual place of work	33,515	51.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,515	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,930	38.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,635	13.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15,890	47.4
Commute to a different province or territory	60	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,305	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,775	91.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,960	84.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,815	7.0
Public transit	1,475	3.7
Walked	965	2.4
Bicycle	120	0.3
Other method	970	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,305	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,575	23.8
15 to 29 minutes	10,655	26.4
30 to 44 minutes	11,125	27.6
45 to 59 minutes	4,440	11.0
60 minutes and over	4,510	11.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,305	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,090	7.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,415	15.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,455	23.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,770	21.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,200	15.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,375	15.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	39,415	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,275	8.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	36,140	91.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	29,695	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,650	8.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,575	5.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,070	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	27,045	91.1

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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