Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Nickel BeltMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	94,947	...	...
Population, 2016¹	93,772	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	42,859	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	38,942	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	26,564.18	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	94,945	47,655	47,290
0 to 14 years	15,150	7,850	7,295
0 to 4 years	4,285	2,185	2,105
5 to 9 years	5,310	2,785	2,525
10 to 14 years	5,545	2,880	2,670
15 to 64 years	60,385	30,350	30,040
15 to 19 years	5,190	2,765	2,425
20 to 24 years	4,630	2,470	2,155
25 to 29 years	4,735	2,420	2,315
30 to 34 years	5,345	2,630	2,715
35 to 39 years	5,695	2,770	2,925
40 to 44 years	5,960	2,895	3,065
45 to 49 years	6,295	3,215	3,070
50 to 54 years	6,445	3,220	3,230
55 to 59 years	8,235	4,035	4,200
60 to 64 years	7,865	3,925	3,935
65 years and over	19,415	9,460	9,955
65 to 69 years	6,600	3,280	3,320
70 to 74 years	5,315	2,710	2,605
75 to 79 years	3,545	1,755	1,790
80 to 84 years	2,200	1,015	1,185
85 years and over	1,755	700	1,060
85 to 89 years	1,195	510	685
90 to 94 years	445	160	285
95 to 99 years	100	25	75
100 years and over	15	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.0	16.5	15.4
15 to 64 years	63.6	63.7	63.5
65 years and over	20.4	19.9	21.1
85 years and over	1.8	1.5	2.2
Average age of the population	43.5	42.9	44.1
Median age of the population	45.6	45.2	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,945	...	...
Single-detached house	31,125	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,405	...	...
Row house	845	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,550	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,370	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	550	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,945	...	...
1 person	9,330	...	...
2 persons	15,500	...	...
3 persons	6,140	...	...
4 persons	5,475	...	...
5 or more persons	2,495	...	...
Number of persons in private households	94,130	47,255	46,875
Average household size	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	79,800	39,805	39,990
Married or living common-law	50,595	25,265	25,330
Married	39,380	19,675	19,705
Living common-law	11,215	5,590	5,625
Living common law - Never married	7,390	3,710	3,675
Living common law - Separated	855	425	430
Living common law - Divorced	2,555	1,295	1,265
Living common law - Widowed	420	165	255
Not married and not living common-law	29,205	14,540	14,665
Not married and not living common law - Never married	17,715	10,165	7,550
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,565	1,220	1,340
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,025	1,960	2,070
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,905	1,195	3,705
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,250	...	...
2 persons	16,370	...	...
3 persons	5,990	...	...
4 persons	5,080	...	...
5 or more persons	1,810	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,250	...	...
Total couple families	24,985	...	...
Married couples	19,375	...	...
With children⁶	8,645	...	...
Without children	10,725	...	...
Common-law couples	5,605	...	...
With children⁶	2,580	...	...
Without children	3,025	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,265	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,090	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,175	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	94,135	47,255	46,875
Total - Persons in census families	80,600	40,495	40,105
Married spouses or common-law partners	49,965	24,940	25,030
Parents in one-parent families	4,265	1,175	3,095
Children⁶	26,370	14,380	11,985
In a two-parent family	19,910	10,720	9,190
In a one-parent family	6,455	3,665	2,800
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,530	6,760	6,770
Living alone	9,330	4,645	4,685
Living with other relatives⁷	1,915	860	1,055
Living with non-relatives only	2,285	1,255	1,030
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,945	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,300	...	...
Couple-family households	22,945	...	...
With children⁶	10,370	...	...
Without children	12,575	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,355	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	910	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	200	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,155	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,045	...	...
One-person households	9,330	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,005	39,420	39,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,655	38,205	38,450
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	54,000	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,685	38,230	38,465
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	47,600	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,965	34,765	33,200
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	50,000	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,750	29,550	25,200
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,000	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,660	33,615	35,045
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,600	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,460	4,005	4,455
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,240	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,675	7,715	8,960
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,085	39,485	39,600
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,795	38,275	38,520
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,100	65,000	45,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,830	38,300	38,530
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,280	53,400	39,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,085	34,890	33,195
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,960	61,200	40,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,850	29,565	25,285
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,750	59,700	42,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,900	33,810	35,090
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,050	10,450	11,630
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,510	4,015	4,490
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,110	7,150	7,070
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,955	7,730	9,225
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,300	8,000	8,550
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,090	39,485	39,605
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,735	15,100	11,640
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	82,000	58,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,500	87,200	65,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,255	8,920	10,330
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	27,600	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,240	42,280	25,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0	85.8	76.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.2	71.0	61.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.0	14.2	23.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	2.9	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.3	2.5	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,005	39,415	39,585
Without total income	2,345	1,210	1,140
With total income	76,655	38,210	38,450
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,660	2,055	3,605
$10,000 to $19,999	8,780	3,200	5,580
$20,000 to $29,999	10,060	4,090	5,970
$30,000 to $39,999	8,695	3,745	4,950
$40,000 to $49,999	8,790	4,395	4,400
$50,000 to $59,999	7,665	3,650	4,020
$60,000 to $69,999	6,100	3,185	2,920
$70,000 to $79,999	4,525	2,570	1,960
$80,000 to $89,999	3,370	2,105	1,270
$90,000 to $99,999	2,895	1,810	1,085
$100,000 and over	10,115	7,415	2,705
$100,000 to $149,999	7,785	5,505	2,280
$150,000 and over	2,335	1,910	425
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,005	39,415	39,585
Without after-tax income	2,315	1,190	1,130
With after-tax income	76,690	38,225	38,460
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,000	2,160	3,845
$10,000 to $19,999	9,095	3,335	5,760
$20,000 to $29,999	11,370	4,605	6,760
$30,000 to $39,999	10,720	4,945	5,770
$40,000 to $49,999	10,430	5,185	5,245
$50,000 to $59,999	8,330	4,340	3,990
$60,000 to $69,999	5,840	3,375	2,465
$70,000 to $79,999	4,440	2,815	1,625
$80,000 to $89,999	3,915	2,465	1,450
$90,000 to $99,999	2,430	1,755	675
$100,000 and over	4,105	3,245	865
$100,000 to $124,999	2,725	2,165	555
$125,000 and over	1,385	1,075	305
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,005	39,415	39,585
Without employment income	24,250	9,865	14,390
With employment income	54,750	29,550	25,200
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,425	5,090	3,335
$5,000 to $9,999	3,430	1,425	2,005
$10,000 to $19,999	5,535	2,295	3,240
$20,000 to $29,999	4,215	1,790	2,430
$30,000 to $39,999	4,385	1,850	2,530
$40,000 to $49,999	4,475	1,915	2,560
$50,000 to $59,999	4,410	2,010	2,400
$60,000 to $69,999	3,665	1,935	1,730
$70,000 to $79,999	2,995	1,750	1,245
$80,000 to $89,999	2,435	1,570	865
$90,000 to $99,999	2,415	1,570	850
$100,000 and over	8,365	6,350	2,015
$100,000 to $124,999	4,580	3,140	1,440
$125,000 and over	3,790	3,210	580
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,005	39,420	39,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,520	37,635	37,880
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	54,000	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,570	37,640	37,930
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	47,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,540	34,570	32,960
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	51,600	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,430	29,830	25,605
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	53,600	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,745	32,280	33,465
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,720	2,980	7,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,000	3,710	4,290
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,960	6,320	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,085	39,485	39,600
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,580	37,665	37,910
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,150	65,000	43,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,625	37,675	37,950
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,120	52,950	37,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,570	34,605	32,965
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,250	63,200	40,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,480	29,850	25,640
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,450	60,950	42,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,760	32,280	33,480
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,540	8,120	8,940
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,810	3,535	4,275
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,530	7,560	7,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,090	39,485	39,605
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,755	15,095	11,665
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	78,500	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,200	84,300	61,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,195	8,435	9,760
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400	36,800	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,760	51,300	29,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	89.2	81.8
Employment income (%)	71.2	74.2	66.4
Government transfers (%)	13.7	10.7	18.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,940	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,330	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,615	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,985	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,330	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,750	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,655	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,940	...	...
Under $5,000	210	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	335	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	655	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,240	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,140	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,045	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,205	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,360	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,355	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,890	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,535	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,520	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,260	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,150	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,905	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,810	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,890	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,025	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,185	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,940	...	...
Under $5,000	245	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	345	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	665	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,300	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,325	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,195	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,450	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,555	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,640	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,310	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,160	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,910	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,750	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,565	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,380	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,235	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,745	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,390	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,865	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,700	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,380	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,955	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,615	5,900	5,715
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	46,800	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	41,600	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,910	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,630	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,445	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,965	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,595	5,990	5,605
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,800	55,650	43,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,560	46,480	38,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	94,135	47,260	46,875
0 to 17 years	18,355	9,560	8,800
0 to 5 years	5,345	2,715	2,635
18 to 64 years	56,860	28,435	28,425
65 years and over	18,915	9,265	9,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,345	3,320	4,025
0 to 17 years	1,580	795	780
0 to 5 years	535	270	265
18 to 64 years	3,790	1,785	2,010
65 years and over	1,980	750	1,230
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.8	7.0	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6	8.3	8.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	9.9	10.1
18 to 64 years (%)	6.7	6.3	7.1
65 years and over (%)	10.5	8.1	12.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	93,390	46,885	46,500
0 to 17 years	18,170	9,460	8,710
0 to 5 years	5,300	2,685	2,620
18 to 64 years	56,400	28,205	28,190
65 years and over	18,820	9,220	9,600
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,765	900	870
0 to 17 years	305	145	160
0 to 5 years	110	55	55
18 to 64 years	1,325	695	635
65 years and over	130	55	75
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.9	1.9	1.9
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.5	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.1	2.1	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4	2.5	2.2
65 years and over (%)	0.7	0.6	0.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	94,135	47,260	46,875
In bottom half of the distribution	39,125	18,870	20,250
In bottom decile	6,330	2,940	3,390
In second decile	7,385	3,360	4,025
In third decile	8,240	4,020	4,225
In fourth decile	8,190	4,055	4,135
In fifth decile	8,980	4,500	4,480
In top half of the distribution	55,010	28,385	26,625
In sixth decile	9,585	4,855	4,730
In seventh decile	10,875	5,545	5,330
In eighth decile	11,795	6,090	5,705
In ninth decile	12,630	6,620	6,015
In top decile	10,130	5,280	4,850
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	94,135	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.296	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.404	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.260	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	94,390	47,425	46,965
English only	47,290	24,650	22,635
French only	1,335	615	725
English and French	45,640	22,100	23,540
Neither English nor French	125	60	65
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	94,390	47,425	46,965
English	60,885	30,945	29,945
French	32,640	16,070	16,565
English and French	750	360	390
Neither English nor French	110	55	60
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	94,390	47,425	46,965
Single responses	90,450	45,515	44,925
Official languages	87,725	44,185	43,540
English	55,050	28,035	27,015
French	32,665	16,145	16,520
Non-official languages	2,725	1,340	1,390
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	30	35
Algonquian languages	60	25	35
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	5	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	5
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	50	15	30
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	45	20	30
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	35	15	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,660	1,310	1,350
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	50	30
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	85	50	35
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	75	50	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	30	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0
Vietnamese	50	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	10	40
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	20	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5
Telugu	20	10	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,750	875	870
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	430	195	235
Baltic languages	20	10	10
Latvian	15	10	5
Lithuanian	5	5	0
Slavic languages	410	180	230
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	195	95	105
Russian	35	15	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	30
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	35	15	15
Serbian	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5
Ukrainian	85	30	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	390	195	195
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	280	140	145
German	260	125	135
Pennsylvania German	5	0	5
Swiss German	15	10	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	45	45
Afrikaans	25	10	10
Dutch	65	30	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	5
Danish	5	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	35	20	15
Indo-Iranian languages	210	125	90
Indo-Aryan languages	195	115	85
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	10	5
Gujarati	70	40	30
Hindi	30	15	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	15	5	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	15
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	30	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	675	340	335
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	365	200	170
Portuguese	100	50	50
Romanian	20	5	15
Spanish	180	80	105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	5
Korean	25	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	5	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	5
American Sign Language	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	70	80
Chinese languages	155	70	80
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	115	50	65
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	425	195	230
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	375	170	205
Hungarian	45	25	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,945	1,905	2,035
English and French	3,585	1,735	1,845
English and non-official language(s)	290	140	150
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	94,390	47,425	46,965
English	63,850	32,810	31,040
French	15,285	7,395	7,890
Non-official language	430	210	220
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	0
Non-Indigenous	425	210	215
English and French	13,045	6,140	6,905
English and non-official language(s)	1,490	735	755
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	220	100	115
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	94,390	47,425	46,965
Single responses	91,365	46,000	45,360
Official languages	90,555	45,595	44,955
English	71,230	36,335	34,895
French	19,325	9,260	10,060
Non-official languages	810	405	410
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	10
Algonquian languages	15	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	15	5	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	795	395	400
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	20	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	40	20	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5
Telugu	15	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	495	245	250
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	90	40	45
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	90	40	45
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	55	25	30
Russian	15	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5
Serbian	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	50	20	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	35	15	25
German	25	10	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5
Afrikaans	10	5	5
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	145	80	65
Indo-Aryan languages	145	80	65
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5
Gujarati	70	35	30
Hindi	10	5	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	15
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	195	95	105
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	60	25	35
Portuguese	45	20	25
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	90	45	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0
Korean	15	5	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10
American Sign Language	20	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	50	50
Chinese languages	100	50	50
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	90	45	40
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	65	30	30
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	55	25	30
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,025	1,425	1,600
English and French	2,770	1,315	1,460
English and non-official language(s)	230	105	125
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	94,390	47,430	46,965
None	82,515	41,810	40,700
English	4,280	1,990	2,295
French	6,340	3,015	3,325
Non-official language	985	480	500
Indigenous³⁹	105	50	60
Non-Indigenous	875	435	445
English and French	20	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	70	40	30
French and non-official language(s)	115	55	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	40
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	94,360	47,435	46,930
Official languages	94,230	47,375	46,860
English	92,960	46,825	46,135
French	46,815	22,550	24,260
Non-official languages	4,455	2,200	2,260
Indigenous languages³⁹	335	135	210
Algonquian languages	285	120	170
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	15	10	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	10	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	275	115	155
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	260	110	155
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	45	10	35
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	215	95	125
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	40	10	35
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,135	2,065	2,070
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	70	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	85	70	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	80	65	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	40	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	70	40	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	90	20	75
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	40	10	30
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	10	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	85	60	25
Haitian Creole	60	40	25
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	15	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	45	25	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	35	15	20
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,895	1,495	1,400
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	520	270	255
Baltic languages	20	10	10
Latvian	20	10	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	500	260	240
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	20	15	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	215	125	95
Russian	60	25	35
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	75	35	40
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	45	20	30
Serbian	30	15	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	15	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	20	0
Ukrainian	120	50	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	525	245	280
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	350	170	175
German	350	170	175
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	165	70	95
Afrikaans	70	35	40
Dutch	100	40	65
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10
Danish	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	70	30	35
Indo-Iranian languages	375	225	150
Indo-Aryan languages	355	210	145
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	30	15	20
Gujarati	115	70	45
Hindi	185	115	75
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	15	0	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	70	30
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	65	50	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	15	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	20	15	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	20	15	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,475	755	720
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	665	335	330
Portuguese	125	80	45
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	715	350	365
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	30	15	15
Korean	10	10	0
Mongolian	15	0	10
Niger-Congo languages	100	60	40
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	25	15	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	35	20	20
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	20	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	175	50	120
American Sign Language	135	45	85
Quebec Sign Language	35	0	25
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	195	100	95
Chinese languages	195	100	95
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	150	75	75
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	25	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	500	235	265
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	445	205	240
Hungarian	60	30	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,360	47,435	46,925
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	13,270	6,765	6,505
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	12,895	6,545	6,350
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,955	2,550	2,400
Métis	7,905	3,975	3,930
Inuk (Inuit)	40	20	20
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	230	140	85
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	145	80	65
Non-Indigenous identity	81,090	40,665	40,420
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,360	47,435	46,925
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,840	2,010	1,830
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	90,520	45,420	45,095
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,980	...	...
Owner	31,105	...	...
Renter	7,770	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,980	...	...
Condominium	480	...	...
Not condominium	38,500	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,980	...	...
No bedrooms	70	...	...
1 bedroom	2,420	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,540	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,355	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,595	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,980	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,850	...	...
5 rooms	6,085	...	...
6 rooms	6,960	...	...
7 rooms	6,275	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,820	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,980	...	...
One person or fewer per room	38,780	...	...
More than one person per room	205	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,980	...	...
Suitable	38,230	...	...
Not suitable	750	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,980	...	...
1960 or before	9,470	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,905	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,440	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,500	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,425	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,170	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,780	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,980	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,200	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,780	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,980	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,670	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,300	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,015	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,980	...	...
15 to 24 years	725	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,240	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,415	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,880	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,945	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,985	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,625	...	...
85 years and over	1,165	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	38,430	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,160	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,270	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,900	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,980	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,040	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,640	...	...
Not suitable only	580	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,070	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	580	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	30,940	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	38,055	...	...
In core need	2,260	...	...
Not in core need	35,795	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,785	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,316	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	324,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	365,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,735	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,011	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	115	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	13.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	528	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	530	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	94,360	47,430	46,930
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,565	2,840	2,720
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,305	2,725	2,580
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,865	1,460	1,405
Métis single ancestry	2,395	1,240	1,150
Inuit single ancestry	45	25	20
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	260	120	140
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	245	110	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	0	10
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10,270	5,215	5,055
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	9,975	5,085	4,885
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,580	2,840	2,735
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,370	2,240	2,130
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	300	125	170
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	300	125	170
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	78,530	39,380	39,155
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	94,365	47,430	46,930
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	93,455	46,995	46,455
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,330	9,580	8,750
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	75,125	37,420	37,710
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	910	435	470
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	94,365	47,430	46,930
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	91,030	45,720	45,310
Immigrants⁸¹	3,120	1,580	1,540
Before 1980	1,455	755	700
1980 to 1990	340	165	170
1991 to 2000	310	145	165
2001 to 2010	480	220	265
2011 to 2021⁸²	535	300	240
2011 to 2015	240	140	105
2016 to 2021	295	160	140
Non-permanent residents⁸³	215	135	80
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,120	1,580	1,540
Under 5 years	520	290	225
5 to 14 years	650	300	350
15 to 24 years	735	350	380
25 to 44 years	1,055	535	515
45 years and over	160	95	70
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,120	1,580	1,540
Americas	490	190	295
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	20	10	10
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	20	10	0
Haiti	55	25	25
Jamaica	50	30	20
Mexico	15	10	10
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	15	0
United States of America	240	60	180
Other places of birth in Americas	75	30	45
Europe	1,665	895	770
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	20	20	0
France	30	20	10
Germany	210	100	110
Greece	20	15	10
Hungary	30	15	10
Italy	220	125	90
Netherlands	65	25	40
Poland	170	95	80
Portugal	50	30	25
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	505	270	230
Other places of birth in Europe	305	165	145
Africa	245	145	105
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10
Egypt	10	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	80	30	50
Other places of birth in Africa	115	75	40
Asia	665	315	350
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	125	60	65
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	15	10
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	60	15	50
Viet Nam	40	25	25
Bangladesh	20	10	15
India	190	100	95
Pakistan	55	40	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	105	30	75
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	40	15
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	300	160	135
Americas	90	45	45
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	40	15	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15
Europe	15	10	10
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	75	30	45
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	25	10	15
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	10	25
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	110	65	45
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	50	40	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	10	10	0
Philippines	10	0	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	94,360	47,435	46,925
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,625	1,850	1,775
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,705	3,305	3,405
Third generation or more¹⁰²	84,025	42,275	41,755
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,665	825	840
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	805	450	360
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	355	290	70
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	450	155	295
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	620	245	375
Refugees¹⁰⁸	215	125	95
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	15	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,665	825	840
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65	30	35
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	240	135	105
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	20	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	120	75	40
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	10	30
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,185	555	630
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	94,360	47,435	46,925
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,095	1,130	965
South Asian	515	315	200
Chinese	285	145	145
Black	600	330	260
Filipino	90	35	55
Arab	35	25	10
Latin American	105	55	50
Southeast Asian	190	80	110
West Asian	15	15	0
Korean	25	10	15
Japanese	25	0	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	130	70	60
Multiple visible minorities	80	40	40
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	92,265	46,305	45,960
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	94,365	47,435	46,930
Canadian	18,755	9,390	9,370
English	14,545	7,285	7,255
Irish	15,645	7,645	8,000
Scottish	13,025	6,320	6,705
French, n.o.s.¹²²	28,940	14,510	14,430
German	6,320	3,050	3,265
Chinese	350	175	180
Italian	4,865	2,475	2,390
Indian (India)	405	235	165
Ukrainian	3,290	1,625	1,660
Dutch	1,860	895	965
Polish	2,360	1,200	1,170
Québécois	970	445	525
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,715	810	900
Filipino	95	25	70
French Canadian	8,575	4,200	4,375
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,945	1,970	1,980
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,495	1,725	1,775
Métis	7,310	3,725	3,580
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,475	725	750
Russian	380	190	195
Norwegian	590	295	295
Welsh	1,015	490	525
Portuguese	380	210	165
American	655	330	325
Spanish	305	120	180
Swedish	765	375	390
Hungarian	450	225	225
Acadian	565	295	270
Pakistani	95	65	30
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	145	90	45
Jewish	135	65	75
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	45	20	30
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	160	90	70
Jamaican	210	110	100
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	50	40
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	415	215	200
Korean	20	0	10
Romanian	85	50	40
Lebanese	100	65	35
Iranian	25	15	15
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	470	220	250
Danish	220	105	110
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,475	790	690
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	305	145	155
Belgian	290	125	165
Haitian	15	10	0
Hindu	45	15	30
Mexican	65	40	20
Mennonite	60	15	45
Swiss	230	120	105
Finnish	3,275	1,580	1,700
Sri Lankan	20	10	10
Croatian	335	155	180
Japanese	25	0	20
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	20	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	290	165	125
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	140	75	70
Muslim	20	10	10
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	30	15
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	150	75	70
Colombian	15	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	185	90	100
Syrian	40	30	10
Guyanese	40	20	20
Afghan	10	10	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	20	35
Serbian	130	70	65
Ojibway	1,410	685	720
Newfoundlander	220	110	110
Hong Konger	15	10	10
Ontarian	1,550	770	785
Persian	25	20	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	85	40	50
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	80	30	50
Bangladeshi	15	0	10
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	15	10	10
Nigerian	30	20	15
Armenian	20	10	10
Slovak	135	80	55
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	95	45	45
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	40	25	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	15	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	20	15
Algonquin	1,190	605	585
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	100	25	75
South African	115	50	65
Australian	60	30	20
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	40	30	0
Nova Scotian	95	50	45
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	30	20	10
Macedonian	30	20	15
Slovenian	100	70	30
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	20	30
New Brunswicker	75	50	25
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	240	105	135
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	0	35
Bulgarian	35	15	20
Albertan	15	0	15
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	20	0	10
African American	50	30	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	125	75	50
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	10	10
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	10	0
Latvian	65	35	30
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	45	10	35
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	55	30	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	55	20	35
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	1,425	665	765
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	55	10	45
Kurdish	15	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	110	50	60
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	80	25	55
Abenaki	105	60	45
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	195	100	100
New Zealander	20	15	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	25	15	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	10	10
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	45	20	25
Saskatchewanian	25	0	25
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	35	25	10
Norman	20	15	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	185	95	85
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	35	25	10
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	25	15	10
Cape Bretoner	25	10	15
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	15	10	0
Cherokee	55	20	35
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	35	20	15
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	45	20	30
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	20	10	15
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	20	20	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	15	10	10
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	94,360	47,435	46,925
Buddhist	65	25	35
Christian	65,455	31,990	33,465
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,200	1,580	1,620
Anabaptist	125	65	65
Anglican	2,460	1,190	1,275
Baptist	710	375	335
Catholic	51,860	25,435	26,420
Christian Orthodox	245	125	115
Jehovah's Witness	325	155	170
Latter Day Saints	130	55	75
Lutheran	825	425	400
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	85	35	50
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	805	360	445
Presbyterian	390	185	200
Reformed	55	25	25
United Church	2,870	1,275	1,595
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,375	710	665
Hindu	180	95	90
Jewish	25	10	15
Muslim	255	140	115
Sikh	60	45	15
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	220	80	145
Other religions and spiritual traditions	410	180	235
No religion and secular perspectives	27,690	14,875	12,815
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	93,505	46,985	46,525
Non-movers	85,660	43,015	42,645
Movers	7,850	3,970	3,880
Non-migrants	5,365	2,640	2,725
Migrants	2,480	1,330	1,150
Internal migrants	2,420	1,295	1,130
Intraprovincial migrants	2,310	1,220	1,085
Interprovincial migrants	110	70	40
External migrants	60	35	25
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	90,015	45,230	44,790
Non-movers	62,625	31,760	30,860
Movers	27,395	13,470	13,925
Non-migrants	16,870	8,220	8,650
Migrants	10,525	5,250	5,275
Internal migrants	10,070	5,000	5,065
Intraprovincial migrants	9,285	4,555	4,730
Interprovincial migrants	785	445	335
External migrants	455	250	210
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,085	39,485	39,605
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,135	9,500	7,635
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,955	29,985	31,970
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,415	24,985	25,430
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,855	3,545	2,300
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,570	21,440	23,130
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,085	39,490	39,600
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,840	7,925	6,915
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,700	10,805	10,895
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,550	20,755	21,795
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,475	16,470	15,005
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,070	5,620	1,445
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,495	2,545	955
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,570	3,080	490
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,385	10,425	12,960
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,025	430	595
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,075	4,280	6,790
Bachelor's degree	8,245	3,100	5,150
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	715	245	470
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	240	110	135
Master's degree	1,600	650	950
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270	185	95
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,420	24,990	25,435
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,685	2,805	1,885
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,880	6,730	6,155
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,850	15,455	17,390
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,120	12,295	11,825
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,630	3,690	935
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,295	1,670	625
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,335	2,025	315
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,855	8,325	10,535
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	630	275	355
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,735	3,165	5,565
Bachelor's degree	6,410	2,290	4,120
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	595	190	410
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190	75	120
Master's degree	1,325	500	825
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	210	115	90
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,090	39,490	39,600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,535	18,730	17,805
Education	2,530	480	2,045
13. Education	2,530	480	2,045
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	575	295	285
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	85	35
50. Visual and performing arts	460	205	250
Humanities	1,165	415	750
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	25	105
23. English language and literature/letters	170	40	130
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	260	70	190
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	0	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	70	85
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	65	50
54. History	250	145	105
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,265	1,055	3,215
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	15	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	370	115	255
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,390	100	1,290
22. Legal professions and studies	785	240	545
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	135	25	110
42. Psychology	665	130	535
45. Social sciences	855	430	435
Business, management and public administration	6,915	1,830	5,085
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,320	150	1,175
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,590	1,680	3,910
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,315	675	645
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	500	195	305
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	80	85
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	525	350	175
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	45	65
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	850	570	280
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	680	505	180
25. Library science	85	0	75
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,720	11,965	760
04. Architecture and related services	150	90	60
14. Engineering	975	820	150
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,585	3,260	325
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,240	2,170	70
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,010	3,895	115
48. Precision production	1,765	1,720	45
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	960	580	380
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	390	130	260
03. Natural resources and conservation	575	450	120
Health and related fields	7,980	1,135	6,850
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	535	235	305
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,370	865	6,510
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	30	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,270	1,765	1,500
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,300	250	1,055
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	1,145	750	395
49. Transportation and materials moving	810	755	50
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,420	24,985	25,430
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,565	9,525	8,040
Education	1,725	310	1,415
13. Education	1,725	310	1,415
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	415	190	220
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	60	30
50. Visual and performing arts	320	130	190
Humanities	860	285	575
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	15	85
23. English language and literature/letters	135	25	105
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	200	50	155
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	50	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	50	30
54. History	200	100	105
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,530	785	2,745
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	330	95	235
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,195	70	1,120
22. Legal professions and studies	700	200	505
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130	20	105
42. Psychology	475	80	400
45. Social sciences	655	310	345
Business, management and public administration	5,485	1,340	4,145
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,155	115	1,040
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,325	1,220	3,110
Physical and life sciences and technologies	985	460	525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	375	130	245
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	70	70
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	375	230	150
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	25	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	725	490	235
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	595	445	150
25. Library science	70	0	60
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	25	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,410	8,805	600
04. Architecture and related services	110	65	45
14. Engineering	760	640	120
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,740	2,465	275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,560	1,530	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,965	2,885	80
48. Precision production	1,265	1,225	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	770	440	335
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	315	90	225
03. Natural resources and conservation	455	345	105
Health and related fields	6,345	960	5,385
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	410	185	230
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,865	750	5,120
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	25	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,600	1,395	1,205
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,010	180	830
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	955	610	340
49. Transportation and materials moving	630	595	35
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	50,420	24,985	25,430
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,565	9,525	8,040
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,855	15,460	17,395
Location of study inside Canada	31,925	14,975	16,950
Same as province or territory of residence	30,780	14,435	16,340
Different than province or territory of residence	1,150	540	610
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	925	485	440
Americas	345	185	155
United States of America	285	145	140
Mexico	25	15	10
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	15	0
Europe	185	100	80
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	15	0	10
Netherlands	10	10	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	15	10	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	90	50	45
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	10	10	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	20
Africa	90	55	40
Nigeria	15	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	15
Other locations of study in Africa	15	10	10
Asia	240	105	145
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	40	20	20
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	20	0	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	90	40	50
Pakistan	30	15	10
Other locations of study in Asia	30	0	25
Oceania	65	40	25
Australia	45	25	20
New Zealand	15	10	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,085	39,485	39,600
In the labour force	47,065	24,695	22,370
Employed	42,775	22,540	20,235
Unemployed	4,290	2,155	2,135
Not in the labour force	32,020	14,795	17,225
Participation rate	59.5	62.5	56.5
Employment rate	54.1	57.1	51.1
Unemployment rate	9.1	8.7	9.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,090	39,490	39,600
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,530	14,560	16,965
Worked	47,560	24,925	22,630
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,400	15,480	11,925
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,160	9,445	10,710
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.2	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	47,065	24,695	22,375
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	850	450	405
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	46,210	24,245	21,965
Employee	41,975	21,755	20,220
Permanent position	35,575	18,750	16,825
Temporary position	6,400	3,005	3,390
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,940	845	1,095
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,455	2,155	2,300
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,240	2,490	1,745
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	47,065	24,695	22,375
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	850	450	405
All occupations¹⁹¹	46,210	24,245	21,965
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	385	255	125
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,700	1,935	5,765
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,715	2,125	595
3 Health occupations	4,455	600	3,860
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,765	1,545	4,225
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	545	225	320
6 Sales and service occupations	10,080	4,160	5,915
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,350	9,605	745
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,135	2,860	270
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,080	940	145
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	47,065	24,695	22,375
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	850	450	405
All industries¹⁹¹	46,210	24,245	21,965
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	535	365	170
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	5,120	4,645	470
22 Utilities	425	360	65
23 Construction	4,410	3,885	525
31-33 Manufacturing	2,060	1,725	335
41 Wholesale trade	1,345	1,040	305
44-45 Retail trade	5,220	2,390	2,830
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,020	1,570	450
51 Information and cultural industries	475	260	215
52 Finance and insurance	1,030	245	785
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	620	355	265
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,825	1,005	820
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	20	20
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,565	810	755
61 Educational services	3,790	940	2,850
62 Health care and social assistance	6,840	900	5,935
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	430	190	245
72 Accommodation and food services	2,090	770	1,315
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,910	1,080	825
91 Public administration	4,450	1,675	2,780
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	50,650	26,410	24,230
English	37,345	20,980	16,370
French	2,875	960	1,915
Non-official language	25	15	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	15	10
English and French	10,225	4,370	5,855
English and non-official language(s)	130	60	60
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	50,650	26,410	24,230
Single responses	48,960	25,775	23,185
Official languages	48,910	25,740	23,170
English	44,270	24,065	20,200
French	4,640	1,675	2,970
Non-official languages	50	35	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	0
Algonquian languages	10	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	45	25	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0
Chinese languages	10	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,685	635	1,050
English and French	1,660	635	1,025
English and non-official language(s)	25	0	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	50,650	26,410	24,230
None	41,920	22,590	19,330
English	1,775	725	1,055
French	6,820	3,030	3,785
Non-official language	100	50	50
Indigenous³⁹	30	0	25
Non-Indigenous	70	45	20
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	42,775	22,535	20,235
Worked at home	7,465	2,745	4,720
Worked outside Canada	65	45	15
No fixed workplace address	6,325	4,945	1,380
Usual place of work	28,915	14,800	14,115
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	28,915	14,800	14,115
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,295	12,655	12,640
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	850	425	425
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,660	1,625	1,035
Commute to a different province or territory	110	95	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	35,245	19,750	15,500
Car, truck or van	32,935	18,625	14,310
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,105	17,805	13,295
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,835	820	1,015
Public transit	405	165	235
Walked	925	420	505
Bicycle	100	80	25
Other method	885	460	425
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	35,245	19,750	15,500
Less than 15 minutes	10,160	4,785	5,380
15 to 29 minutes	12,925	7,120	5,805
30 to 44 minutes	7,370	4,455	2,920
45 to 59 minutes	2,470	1,675	795
60 minutes and over	2,325	1,715	605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	35,245	19,750	15,500
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,950	3,205	745
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,980	5,250	2,730
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,475	4,715	4,760
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,740	2,075	3,660
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,410	950	1,460
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,705	3,555	2,150
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,750	9,770	8,980
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,100	5,780	5,315
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,650	3,990	3,665
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,085	7,380	6,705
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,350	4,355	3,995
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	6,460	3,350	3,110
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,890	1,005	880
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,730	3,020	2,710

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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