Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Pickering--UxbridgeMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	120,742
Population, 2016¹	112,947
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.9
Total private dwellings²	42,637
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	41,433
Population density per square kilometre	185.3
Land area in square kilometres	651.62
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	120,745
0 to 14 years	19,670
0 to 4 years	6,245
5 to 9 years	6,610
10 to 14 years	6,820
15 to 64 years	80,025
15 to 19 years	7,265
20 to 24 years	7,560
25 to 29 years	7,425
30 to 34 years	7,925
35 to 39 years	8,110
40 to 44 years	7,310
45 to 49 years	7,445
50 to 54 years	8,330
55 to 59 years	9,830
60 to 64 years	8,835
65 years and over	21,045
65 to 69 years	6,945
70 to 74 years	5,555
75 to 79 years	3,595
80 to 84 years	2,465
85 years and over	2,480
85 to 89 years	1,520
90 to 94 years	760
95 to 99 years	180
100 years and over	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3
15 to 64 years	66.3
65 years and over	17.4
85 years and over	2.1
Average age of the population	41.5
Median age of the population	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	41,435
Single-detached house	26,430
Semi-detached house	2,635
Row house	5,370
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,975
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,780
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,190
Other single-attached house	30
Movable dwelling⁴	30
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	41,435
1 person	7,410
2 persons	12,495
3 persons	7,735
4 persons	8,240
5 or more persons	5,550
Number of persons in private households	119,985
Average household size	2.9
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	101,075
Married or living common-law	59,565
Married	52,670
Living common-law	6,895
Living common law - Never married	4,570
Living common law - Separated	365
Living common law - Divorced	1,745
Living common law - Widowed	215
Not married and not living common-law	41,505
Not married and not living common law - Never married	28,745
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,445
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,010
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,300
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	35,210
2 persons	15,120
3 persons	8,360
4 persons	8,385
5 or more persons	3,340
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	35,210
Total couple families	29,150
Married couples	25,710
With children⁶	16,115
Without children	9,590
Common-law couples	3,450
With children⁶	1,460
Without children	1,985
Total one-parent families	6,055
in which the parent is a woman+	4,820
in which the parent is a man+	1,235
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	119,985
Total - Persons in census families	106,575
Married spouses or common-law partners	58,310
Parents in one-parent families	6,055
Children⁶	42,210
In a two-parent family	32,680
In a one-parent family	9,530
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,410
Living alone	7,410
Living with other relatives⁷	3,640
Living with non-relatives only	2,365
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	41,435
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,105
Couple-family households	23,990
With children⁶	14,565
Without children	9,420
One-parent-family households	4,120
Multigenerational households⁸	2,835
Multiple-census-family households⁹	530
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,590
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	970
One-person households	7,410
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	100,335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,225
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,280
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,390
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,215
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,255
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,615
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,120
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	100,335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,105
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,140
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,180
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,220
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,150
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,045
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,580
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,170
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,970
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,640
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	100,335
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,675
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,060
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	100,330
Without total income	4,105
With total income	96,230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,255
$10,000 to $19,999	10,440
$20,000 to $29,999	13,655
$30,000 to $39,999	10,465
$40,000 to $49,999	9,385
$50,000 to $59,999	8,055
$60,000 to $69,999	6,840
$70,000 to $79,999	5,750
$80,000 to $89,999	4,870
$90,000 to $99,999	4,040
$100,000 and over	14,475
$100,000 to $149,999	9,565
$150,000 and over	4,910
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	100,330
Without after-tax income	4,050
With after-tax income	96,285
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,695
$10,000 to $19,999	11,010
$20,000 to $29,999	15,255
$30,000 to $39,999	12,310
$40,000 to $49,999	11,135
$50,000 to $59,999	9,350
$60,000 to $69,999	7,375
$70,000 to $79,999	5,840
$80,000 to $89,999	4,880
$90,000 to $99,999	2,975
$100,000 and over	7,450
$100,000 to $124,999	3,775
$125,000 and over	3,675
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	100,330
Without employment income	28,115
With employment income	72,220
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,050
$5,000 to $9,999	5,955
$10,000 to $19,999	7,190
$20,000 to $29,999	5,250
$30,000 to $39,999	5,015
$40,000 to $49,999	5,210
$50,000 to $59,999	5,105
$60,000 to $69,999	4,755
$70,000 to $79,999	4,135
$80,000 to $89,999	3,680
$90,000 to $99,999	3,350
$100,000 and over	11,515
$100,000 to $124,999	5,200
$125,000 and over	6,315
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	100,335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,200
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,240
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,505
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,455
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,950
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,990
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	100,335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,270
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	94,325
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,430
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,380
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,350
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,635
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,610
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,770
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,140
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	100,335
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,440
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,605
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	90.6
Employment income (%)	76.2
Government transfers (%)	9.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	41,435
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	118,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	101,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,410
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,025
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	41,430
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	142,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	115,100
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,405
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,900
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,300
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,030
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	158,600
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	41,435
Under $5,000	270
$5,000 to $9,999	105
$10,000 to $14,999	220
$15,000 to $19,999	330
$20,000 to $24,999	670
$25,000 to $29,999	775
$30,000 to $34,999	775
$35,000 to $39,999	850
$40,000 to $44,999	940
$45,000 to $49,999	945
$50,000 to $59,999	2,005
$60,000 to $69,999	2,175
$70,000 to $79,999	2,345
$80,000 to $89,999	2,190
$90,000 to $99,999	2,260
$100,000 and over	24,575
$100,000 to $124,999	5,220
$125,000 to $149,999	4,675
$150,000 to $199,999	6,710
$200,000 and over	7,975
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	41,435
Under $5,000	330
$5,000 to $9,999	120
$10,000 to $14,999	225
$15,000 to $19,999	355
$20,000 to $24,999	740
$25,000 to $29,999	875
$30,000 to $34,999	895
$35,000 to $39,999	1,015
$40,000 to $44,999	1,060
$45,000 to $49,999	1,170
$50,000 to $59,999	2,520
$60,000 to $69,999	2,765
$70,000 to $79,999	2,810
$80,000 to $89,999	2,795
$90,000 to $99,999	2,685
$100,000 and over	21,070
$100,000 to $124,999	6,150
$125,000 to $149,999	4,850
$150,000 and over	10,065
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,540
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	133,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000
Average family size of economic families	3.3
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,665
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,630
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,180
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,770
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,555
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	157,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,745
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	137,400
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,730
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	185,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,050
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	101,300
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,600
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,755
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	61,850
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	119,990
0 to 17 years	23,955
0 to 5 years	7,580
18 to 64 years	75,610
65 years and over	20,425
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,505
0 to 17 years	1,600
0 to 5 years	525
18 to 64 years	3,525
65 years and over	1,380
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.4
0 to 17 years (%)	6.7
0 to 5 years (%)	6.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7
65 years and over (%)	6.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	119,985
0 to 17 years	23,955
0 to 5 years	7,585
18 to 64 years	75,605
65 years and over	20,425
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,310
0 to 17 years	730
0 to 5 years	255
18 to 64 years	2,185
65 years and over	400
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9
65 years and over (%)	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	119,990
In bottom half of the distribution	40,880
In bottom decile	5,695
In second decile	7,145
In third decile	8,410
In fourth decile	9,135
In fifth decile	10,500
In top half of the distribution	79,105
In sixth decile	11,600
In seventh decile	13,485
In eighth decile	15,820
In ninth decile	18,110
In top decile	20,080
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	119,985
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.322
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.416
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	120,230
English only	110,020
French only	65
English and French	8,765
Neither English nor French	1,385
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	120,230
English	117,060
French	1,290
English and French	535
Neither English nor French	1,350
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	120,230
Single responses	114,750
Official languages	88,705
English	87,435
French	1,265
Non-official languages	26,045
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,045
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,520
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	5
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	5
Cushitic languages	65
Bilen	0
Oromo	10
Somali	60
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,430
Amharic	90
Arabic	1,260
Aramaic languages	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	5
Hebrew	15
Maltese	25
Tigrigna	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170
Khmer (Cambodian)	15
Vietnamese	150
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,060
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	55
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	25
Ilocano	75
Indonesian	50
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	10
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15
Pangasinan	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,785
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15
Creole languages	105
Haitian Creole	15
Jamaican English Creole	5
Krio	5
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	50
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15
Dravidian languages	3,505
Kannada	20
Malayalam	275
Tamil	3,065
Telugu	135
Tulu	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	15,675
Albanian	75
Armenian	255
Balto-Slavic languages	1,835
Baltic languages	45
Latvian	40
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	1,790
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	60
Czech	80
Macedonian	490
Polish	515
Russian	255
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	190
Bosnian	20
Croatian	90
Serbian	70
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	50
Ukrainian	105
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,085
Frisian	0
High German languages	770
German	760
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	260
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	230
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	50
Danish	30
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	685
Indo-Iranian languages	8,295
Indo-Aryan languages	6,570
Assamese	0
Bengali	720
Gujarati	1,025
Hindi	660
Kacchi	115
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	20
Marathi	70
Nepali	10
Oriya languages	5
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	680
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	175
Urdu	3,060
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15
Iranian languages	1,725
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	40
Parsi	5
Pashto	245
Persian languages	1,435
Dari	940
Iranian Persian	325
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	170
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,440
Catalan	0
Italian	1,240
Portuguese	540
Romanian	430
Spanish	1,225
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	65
Korean	245
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	220
Akan (Twi)	35
Bamanankan	0
Edo	10
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	10
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	5
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	15
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	20
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	10
Yoruba	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,975
Chinese languages	1,955
Hakka	55
Mandarin	930
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	15
Yue (Cantonese)	890
Chinese, n.o.s.	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20
Lao	5
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	105
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	0
Turkish	80
Uyghur	5
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	365
Estonian	50
Finnish	60
Hungarian	260
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	5,480
English and French	490
English and non-official language(s)	4,415
French and non-official language(s)	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	120
Multiple non-official languages	375
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	120,230
English	90,525
French	275
Non-official language	5,675
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	5,675
English and French	1,285
English and non-official language(s)	21,160
French and non-official language(s)	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	730
Multiple non-official languages	545
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	120,230
Single responses	114,730
Official languages	102,005
English	101,605
French	390
Non-official languages	12,725
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,725
Afro-Asiatic languages	720
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	35
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	680
Amharic	30
Arabic	620
Aramaic languages	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	5
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	865
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	25
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	25
Ilocano	35
Indonesian	30
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	740
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	55
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	35
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	2,255
Kannada	15
Malayalam	150
Tamil	2,005
Telugu	80
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	7,150
Albanian	35
Armenian	140
Balto-Slavic languages	590
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	585
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	20
Czech	10
Macedonian	165
Polish	190
Russian	140
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	35
Bosnian	0
Croatian	20
Serbian	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	75
Frisian	0
High German languages	55
German	55
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	190
Indo-Iranian languages	4,995
Indo-Aryan languages	3,950
Assamese	0
Bengali	445
Gujarati	600
Hindi	370
Kacchi	35
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	45
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	5
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	385
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	75
Urdu	1,970
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	1,040
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	0
Pashto	150
Persian languages	880
Dari	560
Iranian Persian	175
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	140
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,115
Catalan	0
Italian	215
Portuguese	145
Romanian	195
Spanish	560
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	25
Korean	145
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	55
Akan (Twi)	20
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	35
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,190
Chinese languages	1,185
Hakka	15
Mandarin	665
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	475
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	65
Azerbaijani	5
Kazakh	0
Turkish	50
Uyghur	5
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	110
Estonian	0
Finnish	15
Hungarian	95
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	5,505
English and French	270
English and non-official language(s)	5,045
French and non-official language(s)	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	75
Multiple non-official languages	85
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	120,230
None	101,005
English	5,725
French	1,100
Non-official language	9,890
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	9,890
English and French	75
English and non-official language(s)	880
French and non-official language(s)	380
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	1,160
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	119,990
Official languages	118,595
English	118,550
French	8,765
Non-official languages	37,335
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	37,335
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,530
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	35
Hausa	35
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	65
Bilen	0
Oromo	20
Somali	45
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	2,445
Amharic	190
Arabic	2,150
Aramaic languages	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	30
Hebrew	65
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	45
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245
Khmer (Cambodian)	25
Vietnamese	220
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,830
Bikol	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20
Cebuano	115
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	50
Ilocano	170
Indonesian	60
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	40
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,670
Waray-Waray	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55
Creole languages	440
Haitian Creole	30
Jamaican English Creole	55
Krio	15
Morisyen	65
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70
Dravidian languages	4,920
Kannada	55
Malayalam	345
Tamil	4,365
Telugu	305
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	23,565
Albanian	125
Armenian	390
Balto-Slavic languages	2,445
Baltic languages	55
Latvian	50
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	2,395
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	95
Czech	110
Macedonian	815
Polish	655
Russian	445
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	245
Bosnian	15
Croatian	140
Serbian	120
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	50
Slovene (Slovenian)	90
Ukrainian	135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	50
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	15
Welsh	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,755
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,210
German	1,195
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	470
Afrikaans	90
Dutch	390
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	120
Danish	45
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	20
Swedish	55
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	1,075
Indo-Iranian languages	12,870
Indo-Aryan languages	11,010
Assamese	15
Bengali	1,295
Gujarati	1,585
Hindi	3,695
Kacchi	145
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	95
Marathi	185
Nepali	10
Oriya languages	15
Odia	15
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,655
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	510
Urdu	5,405
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30
Iranian languages	2,095
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	40
Parsi	0
Pashto	255
Persian languages	1,925
Dari	1,165
Iranian Persian	460
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	310
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25
Italic (Romance) languages	5,435
Catalan	0
Italian	2,060
Portuguese	750
Romanian	550
Spanish	2,270
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	175
Korean	425
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	575
Akan (Twi)	80
Bamanankan	0
Edo	15
Éwé	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	10
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	15
Igbo	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	40
Luba-Kasai	15
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	55
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	175
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	115
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	140
American Sign Language	100
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,535
Chinese languages	2,515
Hakka	60
Mandarin	1,430
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	85
Wu (Shanghainese)	10
Yue (Cantonese)	1,245
Chinese, n.o.s.	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	20
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35
Lao	0
Thai	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	220
Azerbaijani	15
Kazakh	0
Turkish	155
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	395
Estonian	25
Finnish	65
Hungarian	300
Other languages, n.i.e.	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	119,985
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,410
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,345
First Nations (North American Indian)	605
Métis	705
Inuk (Inuit)	30
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35
Non-Indigenous identity	118,580
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	119,985
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	315
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	119,670
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	41,435
Owner	35,200
Renter	6,230
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	41,435
Condominium	6,450
Not condominium	34,975
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	41,435
No bedrooms	90
1 bedroom	2,170
2 bedrooms	5,095
3 bedrooms	15,770
4 or more bedrooms	18,300
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	41,435
1 to 4 rooms	5,965
5 rooms	5,140
6 rooms	6,345
7 rooms	6,585
8 or more rooms	17,395
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	41,435
One person or fewer per room	40,645
More than one person per room	785
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	41,435
Suitable	39,515
Not suitable	1,910
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	41,435
1960 or before	3,640
1961 to 1980	10,160
1981 to 1990	10,130
1991 to 2000	7,760
2001 to 2005	2,420
2006 to 2010	2,065
2011 to 2015	2,015
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,235
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	41,435
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	39,840
Major repairs needed	1,595
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	41,435
One-maintainer household	17,150
Two-maintainer household	21,575
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,710
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	41,435
15 to 24 years	220
25 to 34 years	4,010
35 to 44 years	7,025
45 to 54 years	8,340
55 to 64 years	10,205
65 to 74 years	6,780
75 to 84 years	3,505
85 years and over	1,360
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,050
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,440
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,605
30% to less than 100%	8,720
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	41,435
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,175
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,805
Not suitable only	1,505
Major repairs needed only	965
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	275
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	490
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35
Acceptable housing	29,260
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,160
In core need	4,105
Not in core need	36,055
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,990
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.7
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.6
% in core housing need⁶³	7.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,920
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,032
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	949,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,205
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.1
% in core housing need⁶³	25.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,686
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	119,990
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	285
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	260
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	145
Métis single ancestry	110
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,675
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,625
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,125
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	490
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	118,030
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	119,990
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	113,455
Canadian citizens aged under 18	23,315
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	90,145
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,530
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	119,990
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	80,305
Immigrants⁸¹	38,675
Before 1980	10,445
1980 to 1990	5,185
1991 to 2000	8,905
2001 to 2010	8,205
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,925
2011 to 2015	2,995
2016 to 2021	2,930
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,010
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	38,670
Under 5 years	3,755
5 to 14 years	7,910
15 to 24 years	8,615
25 to 44 years	15,730
45 years and over	2,655
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	38,670
Americas	9,235
Brazil	80
Colombia	140
El Salvador	70
Guyana	2,405
Haiti	35
Jamaica	2,590
Mexico	130
Peru	65
Trinidad and Tobago	1,350
United States of America	765
Other places of birth in Americas	1,610
Europe	8,095
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15
Croatia	75
France	100
Germany	535
Greece	350
Hungary	130
Italy	710
Netherlands	195
Poland	420
Portugal	320
Romania	450
Russian Federation	105
Serbia⁸⁶	55
Ukraine	130
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,315
Other places of birth in Europe	1,185
Africa	2,115
Algeria	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55
Egypt	365
Eritrea	35
Ethiopia	150
Morocco	20
Nigeria	220
Somalia	40
South Africa, Republic of	185
Other places of birth in Africa	1,020
Asia	19,125
Afghanistan	905
Iran⁸⁸	340
Iraq	300
Lebanon	360
Syria⁸⁹	190
Turkey	95
China⁹⁰	1,105
Hong Kong⁹¹	365
Korea, South⁹²	310
Taiwan	65
Philippines	2,775
Viet Nam	240
Bangladesh	880
India	4,040
Pakistan	2,840
Sri Lanka	2,975
Other places of birth in Asia	1,345
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	100
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,930
Americas	450
Brazil	30
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	135
Mexico	40
United States of America	120
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	115
Europe	140
France	20
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35
Other places of birth in Europe	60
Africa	215
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	15
Eritrea	20
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	80
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	20
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	40
Asia	2,120
Afghanistan	70
Bangladesh	100
China⁹⁰	175
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	835
Iran⁸⁸	15
Iraq	70
Israel	0
Japan	10
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	25
Lebanon	15
Nepal	0
Pakistan	270
Philippines	175
Saudi Arabia	10
Sri Lanka	110
Syria⁸⁹	115
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	50
Viet Nam	10
Other places of birth in Asia	60
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	119,985
First generation¹⁰⁰	40,675
Second generation¹⁰¹	35,610
Third generation or more¹⁰²	43,705
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	28,230
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	13,520
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,355
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	8,165
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	9,875
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,440
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	390
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	28,230
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,375
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,570
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	475
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,255
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	130
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	21,425
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	119,985
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	52,840
South Asian	21,225
Chinese	3,330
Black	11,490
Filipino	4,275
Arab	1,670
Latin American	1,575
Southeast Asian	590
West Asian	2,145
Korean	470
Japanese	450
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	2,645
Multiple visible minorities	2,980
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	67,150
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	119,990
Canadian	14,170
English	21,170
Irish	16,330
Scottish	16,100
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,415
German	7,260
Chinese	4,240
Italian	7,195
Indian (India)	9,605
Ukrainian	2,055
Dutch	3,035
Polish	2,665
Québécois	95
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,055
Filipino	4,385
French Canadian	1,155
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,495
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	525
Métis	680
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,390
Russian	855
Norwegian	415
Welsh	2,065
Portuguese	2,545
American	1,070
Spanish	1,560
Swedish	365
Hungarian	1,090
Acadian	190
Pakistani	3,500
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,330
Jewish	640
Punjabi	630
Vietnamese	395
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	830
Greek	2,480
Jamaican	4,370
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,070
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50
Korean	475
Romanian	760
Lebanese	605
Iranian	485
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	765
Danish	385
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	170
Sikh	185
Austrian	735
Belgian	255
Haitian	120
Hindu	1,450
Mexican	265
Mennonite	80
Swiss	230
Finnish	400
Sri Lankan	3,295
Croatian	290
Japanese	545
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,700
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	170
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	235
Muslim	790
Egyptian	610
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	330
Tamil	2,215
Icelandic	70
Colombian	180
Moroccan	40
Czech	300
Syrian	305
Guyanese	2,760
Afghan	1,715
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,190
Serbian	175
Ojibway	130
Newfoundlander	300
Hong Konger	120
Ontarian	480
Persian	315
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,485
Turkish	280
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	975
Algerian	20
Brazilian	85
Nigerian	165
Armenian	580
Slovak	245
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	165
Somali	120
Taiwanese	95
Iraqi	195
Salvadorean	95
African Caribbean	1,250
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	185
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	380
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,025
Algonquin	35
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,145
Lithuanian	160
South African	225
Australian	125
Palestinian	225
Chilean	90
Congolese	85
Nova Scotian	190
Ethiopian	165
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	205
Peruvian	170
Yoruba	65
Cambodian (Khmer)	75
Berber	0
Albanian	130
Maltese	190
Macedonian	1,210
Slovenian	250
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70
New Brunswicker	15
Gujarati	200
Eritrean	50
African Canadian	285
Israeli	105
Mohawk	105
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	75
Bulgarian	115
Albertan	10
Ghanaian	125
Barbadian	770
African American	195
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	125
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	115
Cuban	220
Bosnian	30
Venezuelan	95
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	125
Bengali	360
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	90
Indonesian	70
Laotian	10
Ilocano	30
Northern Irish	220
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	90
British Columbian	15
Ecuadorian	180
Franco Ontarian	20
Argentinian	75
Estonian	155
Kurdish	25
Fijian	30
Jatt	30
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35
Coptic	205
Thai	30
Dominican	90
Nepali	15
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	80
Igbo	30
Byelorussian	20
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	20
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	30
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	115
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	65
Malaysian	50
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	35
Saskatchewanian	20
Buddhist	25
Gaspesian	30
Norman	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	165
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	90
Mauritian	50
Kenyan	100
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	155
Jordanian	20
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	20
Rwandan	35
Grenadian	160
Malayali	45
Chaldean	25
Sinhalese	220
Mayan	40
Honduran	30
Cherokee	30
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	240
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	50
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	15
Sicilian	60
Pashtun	50
Malay	15
Goan	125
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	20
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	85
Burmese	45
Mongolian	10
Azorean	15
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	190
Ugandan	20
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	40
Yemeni	35
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	25
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	40
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	45
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	165
Prince Edward Islander	55
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	45
Roma	10
Costa Rican	15
African Nova Scotian	55
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	45
Singaporean	20
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	130
Amhara	50
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	119,985
Buddhist	570
Christian	64,830
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,745
Anabaptist	75
Anglican	5,040
Baptist	1,640
Catholic	29,470
Christian Orthodox	4,220
Jehovah's Witness	590
Latter Day Saints	55
Lutheran	685
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	300
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,205
Presbyterian	2,055
Reformed	85
United Church	4,825
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,830
Hindu	8,295
Jewish	595
Muslim	12,595
Sikh	765
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	35
Other religions and spiritual traditions	545
No religion and secular perspectives	31,755
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	118,885
Non-movers	108,655
Movers	10,225
Non-migrants	3,845
Migrants	6,380
Internal migrants	5,875
Intraprovincial migrants	5,730
Interprovincial migrants	145
External migrants	510
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	113,875
Non-movers	76,205
Movers	37,670
Non-migrants	8,570
Migrants	29,100
Internal migrants	26,265
Intraprovincial migrants	25,400
Interprovincial migrants	865
External migrants	2,830
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,335
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,075
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	87,255
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,065
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,335
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,730
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,335
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,865
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,780
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	59,690
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,555
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,185
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,430
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,755
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,885
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,490
Bachelor's degree or higher	30,140
Bachelor's degree	21,385
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,000
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	595
Master's degree	5,640
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	515
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,065
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,705
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,375
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	45,990
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,680
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,470
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,585
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,885
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,410
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,800
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,310
Bachelor's degree	17,055
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,585
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	510
Master's degree	4,765
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	400
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	100,330
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40,645
Education	3,220
13. Education	3,220
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,110
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	345
50. Visual and performing arts	1,765
Humanities	2,870
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185
23. English language and literature/letters	805
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	930
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60
38. Philosophy and religious studies	220
39. Theology and religious vocations	210
54. History	390
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,725
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,040
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,400
22. Legal professions and studies	1,450
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	240
42. Psychology	1,320
45. Social sciences	3,195
Business, management and public administration	14,640
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45
44. Public administration and social service professions	990
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,600
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,720
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,185
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	805
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55
40. Physical sciences	535
41. Science technologies/technicians	140
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,215
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,640
25. Library science	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	455
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,180
04. Architecture and related services	475
14. Engineering	3,230
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,515
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	2,190
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,970
48. Precision production	800
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	920
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	595
03. Natural resources and conservation	325
Health and related fields	7,335
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	855
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,335
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,740
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	1,135
49. Transportation and materials moving	280
Other¹⁷⁹	30
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	65,065
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,080
Education	2,320
13. Education	2,320
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,580
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230
50. Visual and performing arts	1,350
Humanities	2,090
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	150
23. English language and literature/letters	560
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	680
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	160
39. Theology and religious vocations	145
54. History	300
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,090
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	890
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,110
22. Legal professions and studies	1,220
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	210
42. Psychology	1,010
45. Social sciences	2,580
Business, management and public administration	11,680
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40
44. Public administration and social service professions	785
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,855
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,985
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	935
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	535
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30
40. Physical sciences	390
41. Science technologies/technicians	110
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,715
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,285
25. Library science	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	320
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,165
04. Architecture and related services	305
14. Engineering	2,575
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,790
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,580
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,425
48. Precision production	490
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	690
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	435
03. Natural resources and conservation	255
Health and related fields	5,620
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	710
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,805
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,030
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	940
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	870
49. Transportation and materials moving	210
Other¹⁷⁹	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	65,065
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,080
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	45,990
Location of study inside Canada	37,030
Same as province or territory of residence	35,330
Different than province or territory of residence	1,700
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	8,955
Americas	1,745
United States of America	1,040
Mexico	35
Cuba	55
Haiti	0
Jamaica	115
Brazil	40
Colombia	45
Peru	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	40
Other locations of study in Americas	355
Europe	1,440
Belgium	0
France	50
Germany	30
Netherlands	25
Switzerland	0
Hungary	10
Moldova¹⁸³	10
Poland	70
Romania	205
Russian Federation	70
Ukraine	70
Ireland⁹⁶	50
United Kingdom⁸⁷	590
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	30
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	205
Africa	380
Nigeria	70
Algeria	10
Morocco	10
Tunisia	0
Egypt	120
South Africa, Republic of	15
Other locations of study in Africa	160
Asia	5,220
Iran⁸⁸	85
Iraq	90
Israel	15
Lebanon	45
Syria⁸⁹	50
Turkey	20
China⁹⁰	295
Taiwan	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	20
Japan	20
Korea, South⁹²	100
Philippines	935
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	260
Sri Lanka	285
India	1,790
Pakistan	955
Other locations of study in Asia	230
Oceania	165
Australia	155
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	100,335
In the labour force	65,425
Employed	57,535
Unemployed	7,890
Not in the labour force	34,910
Participation rate	65.2
Employment rate	57.3
Unemployment rate	12.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	100,330
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,785
Worked	64,555
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	36,685
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,865
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	65,425
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,960
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	63,470
Employee	53,460
Permanent position	45,905
Temporary position	7,560
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,335
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,220
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,005
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	65,425
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,960
All occupations¹⁹¹	63,470
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,090
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,790
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,175
3 Health occupations	4,070
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,930
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,950
6 Sales and service occupations	14,980
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,305
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,305
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,870
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	65,425
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,960
All industries¹⁹¹	63,470
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	810
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	100
22 Utilities	850
23 Construction	5,165
31-33 Manufacturing	3,845
41 Wholesale trade	2,410
44-45 Retail trade	6,715
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,260
51 Information and cultural industries	1,965
52 Finance and insurance	5,370
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,525
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,415
55 Management of companies and enterprises	380
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,060
61 Educational services	4,875
62 Health care and social assistance	6,720
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,295
72 Accommodation and food services	2,730
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,440
91 Public administration	3,530
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	69,520
English	66,750
French	105
Non-official language	265
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	265
English and French	945
English and non-official language(s)	1,370
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45
Multiple non-official languages	35
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	69,520
Single responses	69,100
Official languages	68,650
English	68,415
French	230
Non-official languages	455
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	455
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	15
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	10
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	50
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	50
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	165
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	30
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	20
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	105
Indo-Aryan languages	80
Bengali	25
Gujarati	0
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	25
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	25
Dari	25
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	10
Romanian	0
Spanish	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	25
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	180
Chinese languages	180
Hakka	0
Mandarin	130
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	420
English and French	175
English and non-official language(s)	240
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	69,520
None	67,530
English	270
French	650
Non-official language	890
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	890
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	145
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,535
Worked at home	20,220
Worked outside Canada	190
No fixed workplace address	6,850
Usual place of work	30,270
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,275
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,860
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,995
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	17,385
Commute to a different province or territory	35
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,125
Car, truck or van	32,790
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,120
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,675
Public transit	2,380
Walked	875
Bicycle	90
Other method	990
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,125
Less than 15 minutes	7,585
15 to 29 minutes	10,000
30 to 44 minutes	9,770
45 to 59 minutes	4,890
60 minutes and over	4,880
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,125
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,105
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,325
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,830
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,830
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,375
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,655
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	24,480
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,995
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,485
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,755
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,545
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	885
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	655
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,210

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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