Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CarletonMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	131,375	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	102,918	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	27.7	...	...	27.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,662	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	45,694	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	111.5	...	...	111.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,177.87	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	131,375	64,940	66,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	26,660	13,560	13,100	20.3	20.9	19.7
0 to 4 years	7,825	3,940	3,890	6.0	6.1	5.9
5 to 9 years	9,020	4,625	4,390	6.9	7.1	6.6
10 to 14 years	9,810	4,990	4,820	7.5	7.7	7.3
15 to 64 years	86,365	42,630	43,740	65.7	65.6	65.8
15 to 19 years	8,695	4,465	4,225	6.6	6.9	6.4
20 to 24 years	6,970	3,590	3,380	5.3	5.5	5.1
25 to 29 years	6,690	3,295	3,390	5.1	5.1	5.1
30 to 34 years	8,520	4,080	4,445	6.5	6.3	6.7
35 to 39 years	9,450	4,495	4,955	7.2	6.9	7.5
40 to 44 years	9,350	4,500	4,845	7.1	6.9	7.3
45 to 49 years	9,780	4,755	5,025	7.4	7.3	7.6
50 to 54 years	9,555	4,810	4,745	7.3	7.4	7.1
55 to 59 years	9,585	4,790	4,795	7.3	7.4	7.2
60 to 64 years	7,775	3,845	3,930	5.9	5.9	5.9
65 years and over	18,350	8,750	9,600	14.0	13.5	14.5
65 to 69 years	6,000	2,925	3,075	4.6	4.5	4.6
70 to 74 years	5,130	2,520	2,610	3.9	3.9	3.9
75 to 79 years	3,445	1,675	1,770	2.6	2.6	2.7
80 to 84 years	2,055	950	1,100	1.6	1.5	1.7
85 years and over	1,725	680	1,045	1.3	1.0	1.6
85 to 89 years	1,080	475	600	0.8	0.7	0.9
90 to 94 years	480	160	320	0.4	0.2	0.5
95 to 99 years	135	35	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.3	20.9	19.7	20.3	20.9	19.7
15 to 64 years	65.7	65.6	65.8	65.7	65.6	65.8
65 years and over	14.0	13.5	14.5	14.0	13.5	14.5
85 years and over	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6
Average age of the population	38.8	38.4	39.3	38.8	38.4	39.3
Median age of the population	39.2	38.8	39.6	39.2	38.8	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	33,835	...	...	74.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,120	...	...	4.6	...	...
Row house	7,370	...	...	16.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,495	...	...	3.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	420	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,090	...	...	15.5	...	...
2 persons	15,230	...	...	33.3	...	...
3 persons	8,335	...	...	18.2	...	...
4 persons	9,750	...	...	21.3	...	...
5 or more persons	5,295	...	...	11.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	130,630	64,650	65,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	104,715	51,380	53,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	69,850	34,855	34,990	66.7	67.8	65.6
Married	60,450	30,170	30,280	57.7	58.7	56.8
Living common-law	9,400	4,685	4,715	9.0	9.1	8.8
Living common law - Never married	6,390	3,180	3,210	6.1	6.2	6.0
Living common law - Separated	505	275	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,280	1,130	1,150	2.2	2.2	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	34,865	16,520	18,345	33.3	32.2	34.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,505	13,125	11,380	23.4	25.5	21.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,380	1,005	1,375	2.3	2.0	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,225	1,595	2,635	4.0	3.1	4.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,760	805	2,955	3.6	1.6	5.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,480	...	...	42.7	...	...
3 persons	8,420	...	...	21.8	...	...
4 persons	9,695	...	...	25.1	...	...
5 or more persons	4,015	...	...	10.4	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	34,415	...	...	89.1	...	...
Married couples	29,720	...	...	77.0	...	...
With children⁶	18,375	...	...	47.6	...	...
Without children	11,350	...	...	29.4	...	...
Common-law couples	4,695	...	...	12.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,805	...	...	4.7	...	...
Without children	2,890	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,195	...	...	10.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,070	...	...	8.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,125	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	130,635	64,645	65,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	118,450	59,110	59,345	90.7	91.4	89.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	68,835	34,380	34,450	52.7	53.2	52.2
Parents in one-parent families	4,195	1,125	3,065	3.2	1.7	4.6
Children⁶	45,425	23,605	21,825	34.8	36.5	33.1
In a two-parent family	38,560	19,940	18,620	29.5	30.8	28.2
In a one-parent family	6,870	3,665	3,205	5.3	5.7	4.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,180	5,535	6,645	9.3	8.6	10.1
Living alone	7,090	3,110	3,985	5.4	4.8	6.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,540	965	1,580	1.9	1.5	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	2,545	1,465	1,080	1.9	2.3	1.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	34,330	...	...	75.1	...	...
Couple-family households	31,085	...	...	68.0	...	...
With children⁶	18,390	...	...	40.2	...	...
Without children	12,695	...	...	27.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,245	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,610	...	...	3.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	315	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,230	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,120	...	...	2.5	...	...
One-person households	7,095	...	...	15.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	103,990	51,095	52,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,760	48,925	50,835	95.9	95.8	96.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,400	68,000	50,000	58,400	68,000	50,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,820	48,960	50,860	96.0	95.8	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	58,000	44,000	50,400	58,000	44,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,660	46,685	46,980	90.1	91.4	88.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,200	66,000	45,200	55,200	66,000	45,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,115	39,895	38,225	75.1	78.1	72.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,600	67,000	48,400	57,600	67,000	48,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,895	41,045	44,855	82.6	80.3	84.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,320	2,540	7,050	5,320	2,540	7,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,870	2,545	4,325	6.6	5.0	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,360	6,000	5,480	6,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,390	10,610	11,775	21.5	20.8	22.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	104,175	51,205	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,860	48,935	50,920	95.9	95.6	96.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	72,300	85,300	59,700	72,300	85,300	59,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,905	48,960	50,950	95.9	95.6	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,850	66,700	49,280	57,850	66,700	49,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,760	46,670	47,090	90.0	91.1	88.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,200	83,100	55,450	69,200	83,100	55,450
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,235	39,995	38,240	75.1	78.1	72.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,800	80,800	56,350	68,800	80,800	56,350
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,055	40,985	45,070	82.6	80.0	85.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,420	7,240	9,500	8,420	7,240	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,620	2,455	4,165	6.4	4.8	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,550	5,810	8,580	7,550	5,810	8,580
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,530	10,660	11,870	21.6	20.8	22.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,690	8,580	8,790	8,690	8,580	8,790
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	104,175	51,205	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	44,710	24,820	19,885	42.9	48.5	37.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	86,000	93,000	77,000	86,000	93,000	77,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	97,000	107,800	83,600	97,000	107,800	83,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,875	11,485	14,385	24.8	22.4	27.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	18,400	17,200	17,600	18,400	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,200	41,040	28,720	34,200	41,040	28,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	90.0	92.8	86.0	90.0	92.8	86.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.6	77.4	70.8	74.6	77.4	70.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	10.0	7.1	14.1	10.0	7.1	14.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.3	1.2	0.7	0.3	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.1	2.4	4.1	3.1	2.4	4.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.7	2.2	3.4	2.7	2.2	3.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	103,985	51,100	52,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,230	2,165	2,060	4.1	4.2	3.9
With total income	99,760	48,930	50,830	95.9	95.8	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,065	3,275	4,795	8.1	6.7	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,920	3,700	5,215	8.9	7.6	10.3
$20,000 to $29,999	10,080	4,265	5,820	10.1	8.7	11.4
$30,000 to $39,999	8,410	3,490	4,925	8.4	7.1	9.7
$40,000 to $49,999	8,145	3,480	4,665	8.2	7.1	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	7,625	3,360	4,260	7.6	6.9	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	7,595	3,505	4,090	7.6	7.2	8.0
$70,000 to $79,999	6,830	3,360	3,465	6.8	6.9	6.8
$80,000 to $89,999	6,230	3,290	2,940	6.2	6.7	5.8
$90,000 to $99,999	5,610	3,010	2,595	5.6	6.2	5.1
$100,000 and over	22,255	14,185	8,070	22.3	29.0	15.9
$100,000 to $149,999	15,285	9,105	6,175	15.3	18.6	12.1
$150,000 and over	6,970	5,075	1,895	7.0	10.4	3.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	103,985	51,100	52,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,170	2,140	2,030	4.0	4.2	3.8
With after-tax income	99,820	48,960	50,865	96.0	95.8	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,660	3,430	5,230	8.7	7.0	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	9,365	3,915	5,450	9.4	8.0	10.7
$20,000 to $29,999	11,480	4,870	6,610	11.5	9.9	13.0
$30,000 to $39,999	10,050	4,275	5,780	10.1	8.7	11.4
$40,000 to $49,999	10,070	4,375	5,700	10.1	8.9	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	9,945	4,665	5,285	10.0	9.5	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	8,750	4,395	4,355	8.8	9.0	8.6
$70,000 to $79,999	7,885	4,215	3,665	7.9	8.6	7.2
$80,000 to $89,999	7,075	3,775	3,300	7.1	7.7	6.5
$90,000 to $99,999	5,115	3,055	2,060	5.1	6.2	4.0
$100,000 and over	11,430	7,995	3,430	11.5	16.3	6.7
$100,000 to $124,999	6,190	4,145	2,045	6.2	8.5	4.0
$125,000 and over	5,235	3,850	1,385	5.2	7.9	2.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	103,985	51,100	52,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,875	11,205	14,665	24.9	21.9	27.7
With employment income	78,115	39,890	38,225	75.1	78.1	72.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,905	4,205	4,700	11.4	10.5	12.3
$5,000 to $9,999	5,305	2,310	2,995	6.8	5.8	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,935	3,065	3,870	8.9	7.7	10.1
$20,000 to $29,999	5,045	2,255	2,790	6.5	5.7	7.3
$30,000 to $39,999	4,385	1,945	2,440	5.6	4.9	6.4
$40,000 to $49,999	4,765	2,085	2,680	6.1	5.2	7.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,145	2,355	2,790	6.6	5.9	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,395	2,500	2,900	6.9	6.3	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,900	2,475	2,425	6.3	6.2	6.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,855	2,575	2,280	6.2	6.5	6.0
$90,000 to $99,999	4,730	2,465	2,260	6.1	6.2	5.9
$100,000 and over	17,735	11,650	6,085	22.7	29.2	15.9
$100,000 to $124,999	8,435	4,985	3,455	10.8	12.5	9.0
$125,000 and over	9,305	6,665	2,635	11.9	16.7	6.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	103,990	51,095	52,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,535	47,840	49,695	93.8	93.6	94.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,800	67,500	48,400	56,800	67,500	48,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,600	47,850	49,750	93.9	93.6	94.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	57,200	42,400	48,800	57,200	42,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,040	45,870	46,175	88.5	89.8	87.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,800	66,000	45,200	54,800	66,000	45,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,560	39,655	37,900	74.6	77.6	71.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,400	66,000	48,000	56,400	66,000	48,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,325	38,660	41,660	77.2	75.7	78.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,230	632	3,100	1,230	632	3,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,920	2,155	3,765	5.7	4.2	7.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	5,080	7,700	6,400	5,080	7,700
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	104,175	51,205	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,615	47,815	49,800	93.7	93.4	94.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,300	81,700	57,400	69,300	81,700	57,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,665	47,825	49,840	93.8	93.4	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,400	63,850	47,280	55,400	63,850	47,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,250	45,910	46,335	88.6	89.7	87.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,200	81,100	55,500	68,200	81,100	55,500
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,955	39,750	38,210	74.8	77.6	72.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	67,000	77,800	55,700	67,000	77,800	55,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,505	38,610	41,900	77.3	75.4	79.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,835	4,716	6,870	5,835	4,716	6,870
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,920	2,190	3,730	5.7	4.3	7.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,250	5,770	9,700	8,250	5,770	9,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	104,175	51,205	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	44,475	24,675	19,795	42.7	48.2	37.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	81,000	89,000	72,000	81,000	89,000	72,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	91,200	101,500	78,300	91,200	101,500	78,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,150	10,630	13,515	23.2	20.8	25.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	25,000	23,000	23,800	25,000	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,360	43,520	34,320	38,360	43,520	34,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.0	95.4	90.0	93.0	95.4	90.0
Employment income (%)	77.2	79.2	74.4	77.2	79.2	74.4
Government transfers (%)	6.9	4.7	10.1	6.9	4.7	10.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.3	1.3	0.7	0.3	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	55,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	38,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,750	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	157,800	...	...	157,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	126,300	...	...	126,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,095	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	38,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	172,600	...	...	172,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,200	...	...	138,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	485	...	...	1.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	485	...	...	1.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	515	...	...	1.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	590	...	...	1.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	690	...	...	1.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	730	...	...	1.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,615	...	...	3.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,905	...	...	4.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,090	...	...	4.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,205	...	...	4.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,390	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	31,255	...	...	68.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,940	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,680	...	...	12.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	8,790	...	...	19.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	10,850	...	...	23.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	255	...	...	0.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	525	...	...	1.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	590	...	...	1.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	595	...	...	1.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	765	...	...	1.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	855	...	...	1.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	935	...	...	2.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,225	...	...	4.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,505	...	...	5.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,730	...	...	6.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,065	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,105	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	26,965	...	...	59.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,355	...	...	16.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,240	...	...	13.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	13,375	...	...	29.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...	149,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	20,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	176,000	...	...	176,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,635	4,575	5,060	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,200	61,600	57,600	59,200	61,600	57,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,800	52,000	49,600	50,800	52,000	49,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	172,600	...	...	172,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	138,200	...	...	138,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	146,200	...	...	146,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,100	...	...	117,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	202,400	...	...	202,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,600	...	...	160,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	110,700	...	...	110,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	93,800	...	...	93,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,530	4,435	5,100	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	69,700	74,700	65,400	69,700	74,700	65,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,400	58,950	54,200	56,400	58,950	54,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	130,635	64,645	65,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	32,085	16,375	15,710	24.6	25.3	23.8
0 to 5 years	9,510	4,825	4,685	7.3	7.5	7.1
18 to 64 years	80,755	39,690	41,070	61.8	61.4	62.2
65 years and over	17,790	8,580	9,210	13.6	13.3	14.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,585	2,705	2,875	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,585	825	760	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	490	265	225	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,025	1,475	1,550	...	...	...
65 years and over	975	410	565	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	5.0	4.8	4.9	5.0	4.8
0 to 5 years (%)	5.1	5.4	4.8	5.1	5.4	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.8
65 years and over (%)	5.5	4.8	6.1	5.5	4.8	6.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	130,635	64,650	65,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	32,085	16,375	15,710	24.6	25.3	23.8
0 to 5 years	9,515	4,830	4,690	7.3	7.5	7.1
18 to 64 years	80,760	39,695	41,065	61.8	61.4	62.2
65 years and over	17,790	8,580	9,210	13.6	13.3	14.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,745	1,410	1,335	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	725	360	365	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	210	110	100	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,750	920	830	...	...	...
65 years and over	270	125	145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.3	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	2.2	2.3	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.0
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	130,635	64,645	65,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	33,450	16,215	17,230	25.6	25.1	26.1
In bottom decile	5,115	2,575	2,545	3.9	4.0	3.9
In second decile	4,995	2,355	2,640	3.8	3.6	4.0
In third decile	6,325	3,135	3,190	4.8	4.8	4.8
In fourth decile	7,525	3,590	3,930	5.8	5.6	6.0
In fifth decile	9,490	4,565	4,920	7.3	7.1	7.5
In top half of the distribution	97,185	48,430	48,760	74.4	74.9	73.9
In sixth decile	11,990	5,825	6,165	9.2	9.0	9.3
In seventh decile	14,670	7,225	7,450	11.2	11.2	11.3
In eighth decile	18,230	9,140	9,095	14.0	14.1	13.8
In ninth decile	24,655	12,315	12,340	18.9	19.1	18.7
In top decile	27,635	13,925	13,715	21.2	21.5	20.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	130,635	...	...	130,635	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.365	...	...	0.365	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	...	...	0.263	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	130,825	64,735	66,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	89,060	45,840	43,225	68.1	70.8	65.4
French only	440	200	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	39,795	18,060	21,735	30.4	27.9	32.9
Neither English nor French	1,530	640	890	1.2	1.0	1.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	130,825	64,735	66,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	117,265	58,475	58,790	89.6	90.3	89.0
French	9,770	4,545	5,225	7.5	7.0	7.9
English and French	2,295	1,100	1,200	1.8	1.7	1.8
Neither English nor French	1,495	615	875	1.1	1.0	1.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	130,825	64,735	66,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	124,080	61,505	62,580	94.8	95.0	94.7
Official languages	98,915	49,340	49,580	75.6	76.2	75.0
English	89,765	45,040	44,720	68.6	69.6	67.7
French	9,155	4,295	4,855	7.0	6.6	7.3
Non-official languages	25,165	12,165	13,005	19.2	18.8	19.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,150	12,155	12,990	19.2	18.8	19.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,650	2,885	2,765	4.3	4.5	4.2
Berber languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	360	155	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bilen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	330	140	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,245	2,710	2,540	4.0	4.2	3.8
Amharic	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	4,945	2,575	2,370	3.8	4.0	3.6
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	800	350	450	0.6	0.5	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	655	285	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	535	195	340	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	395	140	255	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	860	435	425	0.7	0.7	0.6
Kannada	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malayalam	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	435	225	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	175	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,040	5,840	6,205	9.2	9.0	9.4
Albanian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,630	1,210	1,415	2.0	1.9	2.1
Baltic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,580	1,185	1,390	2.0	1.8	2.1
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	635	275	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Russian	1,050	490	560	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	410	205	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	185	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,095	525	565	0.8	0.8	0.9
Frisian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	565	265	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
German	535	250	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	440	220	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	380	190	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	215	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	4,680	2,330	2,350	3.6	3.6	3.6
Indo-Aryan languages	3,555	1,785	1,775	2.7	2.8	2.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	470	235	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	415	210	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	500	255	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	940	480	465	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	845	425	420	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,125	550	575	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	895	440	455	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	630	315	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,240	1,575	1,660	2.5	2.4	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	985	495	490	0.8	0.8	0.7
Portuguese	650	310	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	295	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,310	630	675	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	255	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	390	180	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,785	1,775	2,015	2.9	2.7	3.0
Chinese languages	3,750	1,760	1,995	2.9	2.7	3.0
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,770	1,280	1,490	2.1	2.0	2.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	875	425	450	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	325	170	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	285	150	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,745	3,235	3,510	5.2	5.0	5.3
English and French	2,485	1,160	1,325	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	3,295	1,630	1,665	2.5	2.5	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	300	140	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	390	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	270	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	130,825	64,735	66,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	93,770	47,025	46,740	71.7	72.6	70.7
French	2,565	1,210	1,360	2.0	1.9	2.1
Non-official language	6,005	2,890	3,115	4.6	4.5	4.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,000	2,890	3,115	4.6	4.5	4.7
English and French	7,480	3,440	4,040	5.7	5.3	6.1
English and non-official language(s)	17,555	8,630	8,925	13.4	13.3	13.5
French and non-official language(s)	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,765	1,250	1,515	2.1	1.9	2.3
Multiple non-official languages	410	180	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	130,825	64,735	66,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	124,245	61,580	62,665	95.0	95.1	94.8
Official languages	111,230	55,230	56,000	85.0	85.3	84.7
English	107,140	53,325	53,815	81.9	82.4	81.4
French	4,095	1,905	2,190	3.1	2.9	3.3
Non-official languages	13,015	6,355	6,665	9.9	9.8	10.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,015	6,355	6,660	9.9	9.8	10.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,880	1,425	1,460	2.2	2.2	2.2
Berber languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,740	1,365	1,375	2.1	2.1	2.1
Amharic	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arabic	2,600	1,305	1,300	2.0	2.0	2.0
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	410	180	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	350	150	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	210	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	565	285	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	310	160	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,685	2,800	2,880	4.3	4.3	4.4
Albanian	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,235	610	625	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,230	610	620	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belarusian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	670	330	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,965	1,465	1,500	2.3	2.3	2.3
Indo-Aryan languages	2,260	1,135	1,125	1.7	1.8	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	280	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	305	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	715	370	350	0.5	0.6	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	485	245	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	705	330	375	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	530	255	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	390	185	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,255	620	640	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	315	165	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	695	345	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,585	1,235	1,345	2.0	1.9	2.0
Chinese languages	2,555	1,225	1,335	2.0	1.9	2.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,070	990	1,085	1.6	1.5	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	440	215	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,575	3,155	3,425	5.0	4.9	5.2
English and French	1,565	710	860	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	4,470	2,205	2,265	3.4	3.4	3.4
French and non-official language(s)	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	325	150	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	130,825	64,735	66,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	107,660	53,685	53,975	82.3	82.9	81.7
English	6,725	3,290	3,440	5.1	5.1	5.2
French	5,370	2,475	2,895	4.1	3.8	4.4
Non-official language	7,860	3,770	4,095	6.0	5.8	6.2
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	7,845	3,760	4,090	6.0	5.8	6.2
English and French	390	190	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	885	450	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	1,140	505	630	0.9	0.8	1.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	730	350	385	0.6	0.5	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	130,660	64,640	66,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	129,055	63,950	65,110	98.8	98.9	98.6
English	128,650	63,770	64,880	98.5	98.7	98.3
French	40,110	18,155	21,955	30.7	28.1	33.3
Non-official languages	35,940	17,380	18,560	27.5	26.9	28.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	35,885	17,345	18,540	27.5	26.8	28.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,345	4,305	4,045	6.4	6.7	6.1
Berber languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	425	200	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	385	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	7,925	4,110	3,815	6.1	6.4	5.8
Amharic	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	7,335	3,835	3,505	5.6	5.9	5.3
Aramaic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,180	520	665	0.9	0.8	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	220	95	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	970	420	550	0.7	0.6	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	715	265	450	0.5	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	65	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	555	185	370	0.4	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	395	165	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	235	95	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,185	615	580	0.9	1.0	0.9
Kannada	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	660	355	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Telugu	345	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	18,480	8,970	9,510	14.1	13.9	14.4
Albanian	160	95	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,665	1,740	1,925	2.8	2.7	2.9
Baltic languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,600	1,715	1,880	2.8	2.7	2.8
Belarusian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	830	395	435	0.6	0.6	0.7
Russian	1,665	830	840	1.3	1.3	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	670	325	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnian	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	295	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	400	205	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	125	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	485	215	275	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,170	1,015	1,155	1.7	1.6	1.7
Frisian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,465	705	760	1.1	1.1	1.2
German	1,450	705	740	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	620	260	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Afrikaans	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	470	195	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	305	175	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	6,660	3,400	3,260	5.1	5.3	4.9
Indo-Aryan languages	5,335	2,725	2,610	4.1	4.2	4.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	710	360	350	0.5	0.6	0.5
Gujarati	565	280	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	2,255	1,145	1,110	1.7	1.8	1.7
Kacchi	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	185	105	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nepali	190	110	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,570	815	760	1.2	1.3	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	170	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,445	740	705	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,405	705	700	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	110	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	180	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Persian languages	1,195	635	560	0.9	1.0	0.8
Dari	390	220	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	815	430	385	0.6	0.7	0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,075	2,810	3,260	4.6	4.3	4.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,005	980	1,025	1.5	1.5	1.6
Portuguese	895	435	460	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	410	170	240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Spanish	3,100	1,380	1,720	2.4	2.1	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	265	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	395	165	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	935	445	485	0.7	0.7	0.7
Akan (Twi)	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lingala	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	265	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	240	85	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,675	2,210	2,470	3.6	3.4	3.7
Chinese languages	4,675	2,200	2,470	3.6	3.4	3.7
Hakka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,730	1,715	2,015	2.9	2.7	3.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,330	660	670	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	160	50	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	105	30	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	575	255	320	0.4	0.4	0.5
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	475	210	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	245	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	160	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	130,660	64,640	66,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,315	1,650	1,655	2.5	2.6	2.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,180	1,600	1,580	2.4	2.5	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,745	840	905	1.3	1.3	1.4
Métis	1,335	705	625	1.0	1.1	0.9
Inuk (Inuit)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	65	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	127,350	62,990	64,360	97.5	97.4	97.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	130,660	64,640	66,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	875	405	470	0.7	0.6	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	129,785	64,235	65,550	99.3	99.4	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	40,170	...	...	87.8	...	...
Renter	5,580	...	...	12.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,945	...	...	4.3	...	...
Not condominium	43,805	...	...	95.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	1,060	...	...	2.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,250	...	...	11.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	20,210	...	...	44.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	19,150	...	...	41.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,260	...	...	9.3	...	...
5 rooms	5,780	...	...	12.6	...	...
6 rooms	6,920	...	...	15.1	...	...
7 rooms	7,285	...	...	15.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	21,505	...	...	47.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,135	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	620	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,610	...	...	97.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,140	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,020	...	...	6.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,915	...	...	12.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,955	...	...	10.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,460	...	...	11.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,910	...	...	10.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,885	...	...	12.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,285	...	...	11.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	10,315	...	...	22.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,330	...	...	96.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,425	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	17,175	...	...	37.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	26,785	...	...	58.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,795	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	370	...	...	0.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,720	...	...	12.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,410	...	...	20.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,625	...	...	23.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,605	...	...	21.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,950	...	...	13.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,155	...	...	6.9	...	...
85 years and over	925	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,960	...	...	85.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,410	...	...	14.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,730	...	...	12.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,460	...	...	18.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,935	...	...	13.0	...	...
Not suitable only	920	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,095	...	...	2.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,290	...	...	81.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,460	...	...	5.5	...	...
Not in core need	42,230	...	...	94.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,880	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.7	...	...	67.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.8	...	...	10.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820	...	...	1,820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,846	...	...	1,846	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,560	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.0	...	...	38.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.4	...	...	18.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,000	...	...	2,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,912	...	...	1,912	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	130,660	64,645	66,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	855	395	455	0.7	0.6	0.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	805	385	415	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	555	265	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Métis single ancestry	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,405	2,175	2,230	3.4	3.4	3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,330	2,140	2,190	3.3	3.3	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,065	1,510	1,555	2.3	2.3	2.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,160	570	595	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	125,405	62,070	63,330	96.0	96.0	95.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	130,660	64,645	66,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	122,840	60,945	61,900	94.0	94.3	93.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	30,550	15,715	14,835	23.4	24.3	22.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	92,295	45,235	47,060	70.6	70.0	71.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,815	3,695	4,120	6.0	5.7	6.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	130,660	64,645	66,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	101,630	50,595	51,040	77.8	78.3	77.3
Immigrants⁸¹	27,735	13,405	14,325	21.2	20.7	21.7
Before 1980	4,590	2,245	2,345	3.5	3.5	3.6
1980 to 1990	3,085	1,465	1,615	2.4	2.3	2.4
1991 to 2000	5,745	2,850	2,895	4.4	4.4	4.4
2001 to 2010	6,510	3,090	3,420	5.0	4.8	5.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,810	3,755	4,055	6.0	5.8	6.1
2011 to 2015	3,210	1,520	1,690	2.5	2.4	2.6
2016 to 2021	4,605	2,240	2,365	3.5	3.5	3.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,295	640	655	1.0	1.0	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	27,735	13,405	14,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,175	1,580	1,595	11.4	11.8	11.1
5 to 14 years	4,860	2,435	2,420	17.5	18.2	16.9
15 to 24 years	5,190	2,405	2,785	18.7	17.9	19.4
25 to 44 years	12,390	5,980	6,415	44.7	44.6	44.8
45 years and over	2,115	1,005	1,115	7.6	7.5	7.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	27,735	13,405	14,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,070	1,380	1,685	11.1	10.3	11.8
Brazil	270	145	120	1.0	1.1	0.8
Colombia	150	60	90	0.5	0.4	0.6
El Salvador	105	40	65	0.4	0.3	0.5
Guyana	110	50	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haiti	170	80	95	0.6	0.6	0.7
Jamaica	185	85	100	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mexico	230	100	130	0.8	0.7	0.9
Peru	90	30	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	105	70	35	0.4	0.5	0.2
United States of America	1,030	430	600	3.7	3.2	4.2
Other places of birth in Americas	630	295	330	2.3	2.2	2.3
Europe	6,860	3,365	3,500	24.7	25.1	24.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	220	115	105	0.8	0.9	0.7
Croatia	115	55	65	0.4	0.4	0.5
France	140	60	80	0.5	0.4	0.6
Germany	480	240	235	1.7	1.8	1.6
Greece	55	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hungary	50	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Italy	535	280	255	1.9	2.1	1.8
Netherlands	335	135	200	1.2	1.0	1.4
Poland	475	195	280	1.7	1.5	2.0
Portugal	180	100	85	0.6	0.7	0.6
Romania	265	135	135	1.0	1.0	0.9
Russian Federation	425	190	230	1.5	1.4	1.6
Serbia⁸⁶	100	45	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ukraine	400	180	215	1.4	1.3	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,130	1,115	1,015	7.7	8.3	7.1
Other places of birth in Europe	970	450	515	3.5	3.4	3.6
Africa	3,035	1,480	1,550	10.9	11.0	10.8
Algeria	110	55	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	175	75	95	0.6	0.6	0.7
Egypt	405	230	180	1.5	1.7	1.3
Eritrea	130	65	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ethiopia	170	85	80	0.6	0.6	0.6
Morocco	135	80	55	0.5	0.6	0.4
Nigeria	470	235	230	1.7	1.8	1.6
Somalia	180	60	120	0.6	0.4	0.8
South Africa, Republic of	225	90	135	0.8	0.7	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	1,030	500	525	3.7	3.7	3.7
Asia	14,690	7,145	7,545	53.0	53.3	52.7
Afghanistan	225	115	110	0.8	0.9	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	665	345	325	2.4	2.6	2.3
Iraq	555	300	255	2.0	2.2	1.8
Lebanon	1,455	800	655	5.2	6.0	4.6
Syria⁸⁹	395	220	170	1.4	1.6	1.2
Turkey	200	90	115	0.7	0.7	0.8
China⁹⁰	2,630	1,170	1,465	9.5	8.7	10.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	295	170	130	1.1	1.3	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	270	130	140	1.0	1.0	1.0
Taiwan	135	70	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
Philippines	550	180	365	2.0	1.3	2.5
Viet Nam	775	335	445	2.8	2.5	3.1
Bangladesh	450	220	230	1.6	1.6	1.6
India	2,475	1,270	1,205	8.9	9.5	8.4
Pakistan	820	410	410	3.0	3.1	2.9
Sri Lanka	355	175	175	1.3	1.3	1.2
Other places of birth in Asia	2,430	1,145	1,285	8.8	8.5	9.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,605	2,240	2,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	455	215	245	9.9	9.6	10.3
Brazil	65	35	25	1.4	1.6	1.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	15	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Mexico	30	15	15	0.7	0.7	0.6
United States of America	220	100	120	4.8	4.5	5.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Other places of birth in Americas	90	35	60	2.0	1.6	2.5
Europe	460	230	235	10.0	10.3	9.9
France	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Germany	25	15	10	0.5	0.7	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	60	20	35	1.3	0.9	1.5
Ukraine	140	70	75	3.0	3.1	3.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	55	50	2.2	2.5	2.1
Other places of birth in Europe	110	50	60	2.4	2.2	2.5
Africa	595	295	305	12.9	13.2	12.9
Algeria	20	20	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	10	40	1.0	0.4	1.7
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	65	35	35	1.4	1.6	1.5
Eritrea	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.6
Ethiopia	20	15	10	0.4	0.7	0.4
Morocco	40	30	15	0.9	1.3	0.6
Nigeria	180	100	75	3.9	4.5	3.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	85	30	50	1.8	1.3	2.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	105	45	55	2.3	2.0	2.3
Asia	3,085	1,500	1,585	67.0	67.0	66.9
Afghanistan	55	25	25	1.2	1.1	1.1
Bangladesh	75	30	40	1.6	1.3	1.7
China⁹⁰	570	265	305	12.4	11.8	12.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	895	495	400	19.4	22.1	16.9
Iran⁸⁸	80	50	30	1.7	2.2	1.3
Iraq	85	30	50	1.8	1.3	2.1
Israel	45	25	20	1.0	1.1	0.8
Japan	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Jordan	25	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	45	25	25	1.0	1.1	1.1
Lebanon	145	80	65	3.1	3.6	2.7
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	165	75	90	3.6	3.3	3.8
Philippines	95	25	75	2.1	1.1	3.2
Saudi Arabia	50	25	25	1.1	1.1	1.1
Sri Lanka	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	190	100	85	4.1	4.5	3.6
Turkey	115	55	60	2.5	2.5	2.5
United Arab Emirates	95	45	50	2.1	2.0	2.1
Viet Nam	45	15	25	1.0	0.7	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	265	110	150	5.8	4.9	6.3
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	130,660	64,640	66,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	30,695	14,825	15,870	23.5	22.9	24.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	26,980	13,645	13,330	20.6	21.1	20.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	72,985	36,170	36,815	55.9	56.0	55.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	23,145	11,165	11,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	12,795	6,710	6,085	55.3	60.1	50.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,115	3,555	1,560	22.1	31.8	13.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,690	3,155	4,535	33.2	28.3	37.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	6,185	2,390	3,800	26.7	21.4	31.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,010	2,010	2,000	17.3	18.0	16.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	155	55	100	0.7	0.5	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	23,145	11,165	11,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,810	895	915	7.8	8.0	7.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,890	960	930	8.2	8.6	7.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	675	335	340	2.9	3.0	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,970	1,080	895	8.5	9.7	7.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	105	35	70	0.5	0.3	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	16,695	7,860	8,835	72.1	70.4	73.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	130,660	64,640	66,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	32,155	15,715	16,435	24.6	24.3	24.9
South Asian	7,750	3,940	3,815	5.9	6.1	5.8
Chinese	5,390	2,560	2,830	4.1	4.0	4.3
Black	4,980	2,395	2,585	3.8	3.7	3.9
Filipino	915	370	545	0.7	0.6	0.8
Arab	6,665	3,465	3,205	5.1	5.4	4.9
Latin American	1,295	545	755	1.0	0.8	1.1
Southeast Asian	1,770	840	925	1.4	1.3	1.4
West Asian	1,300	645	655	1.0	1.0	1.0
Korean	450	220	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	265	85	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	410	225	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	980	435	545	0.8	0.7	0.8
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	98,505	48,925	49,580	75.4	75.7	75.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	130,660	64,645	66,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	17,255	8,980	8,285	13.2	13.9	12.5
English	24,450	11,965	12,490	18.7	18.5	18.9
Irish	31,065	15,005	16,060	23.8	23.2	24.3
Scottish	25,420	12,505	12,920	19.5	19.3	19.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	17,090	8,205	8,890	13.1	12.7	13.5
German	11,250	5,490	5,760	8.6	8.5	8.7
Chinese	5,545	2,590	2,955	4.2	4.0	4.5
Italian	7,315	3,725	3,585	5.6	5.8	5.4
Indian (India)	4,040	2,035	2,005	3.1	3.1	3.0
Ukrainian	3,700	1,855	1,840	2.8	2.9	2.8
Dutch	4,770	2,370	2,400	3.7	3.7	3.6
Polish	4,440	2,130	2,310	3.4	3.3	3.5
Québécois	610	305	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,055	3,000	3,055	4.6	4.6	4.6
Filipino	850	340	510	0.7	0.5	0.8
French Canadian	3,970	1,865	2,110	3.0	2.9	3.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,490	1,255	1,240	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,475	665	810	1.1	1.0	1.2
Métis	1,495	725	775	1.1	1.1	1.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,965	920	1,045	1.5	1.4	1.6
Russian	1,675	780	900	1.3	1.2	1.4
Norwegian	1,025	530	500	0.8	0.8	0.8
Welsh	2,215	1,170	1,045	1.7	1.8	1.6
Portuguese	1,290	685	605	1.0	1.1	0.9
American	1,435	710	730	1.1	1.1	1.1
Spanish	1,195	590	605	0.9	0.9	0.9
Swedish	880	435	445	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hungarian	1,025	515	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
Acadian	755	335	420	0.6	0.5	0.6
Pakistani	1,090	550	545	0.8	0.9	0.8
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,045	505	540	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jewish	640	300	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Punjabi	605	280	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
Vietnamese	1,235	595	650	0.9	0.9	1.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,315	1,165	1,155	1.8	1.8	1.7
Greek	925	500	425	0.7	0.8	0.6
Jamaican	540	265	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	590	290	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	180	110	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	440	225	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	655	310	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanese	3,505	1,790	1,715	2.7	2.8	2.6
Iranian	700	365	335	0.5	0.6	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	605	260	345	0.5	0.4	0.5
Danish	535	220	320	0.4	0.3	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	405	205	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	390	210	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austrian	715	325	385	0.5	0.5	0.6
Belgian	615	310	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	370	145	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hindu	555	280	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexican	395	205	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	475	230	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	630	315	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sri Lankan	455	230	225	0.3	0.4	0.3
Croatian	550	275	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	405	150	260	0.3	0.2	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	420	205	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	455	255	195	0.3	0.4	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	500	270	230	0.4	0.4	0.3
Muslim	520	265	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egyptian	730	370	355	0.6	0.6	0.5
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	315	150	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	335	190	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Icelandic	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombian	200	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	370	140	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syrian	505	275	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyanese	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	340	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	340	190	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	440	205	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hong Konger	150	100	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ontarian	850	400	450	0.7	0.6	0.7
Persian	380	205	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	180	120	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	450	215	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	495	250	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algerian	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	330	160	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nigerian	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	200	95	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovak	395	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	275	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	375	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwanese	155	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	470	245	220	0.4	0.4	0.3
Salvadorean	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	235	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	715	370	345	0.5	0.6	0.5
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	555	260	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	245	90	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	810	410	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chilean	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nova Scotian	200	75	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ethiopian	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	65	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	385	170	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	165	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	255	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Canadian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	140	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	115	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	215	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuban	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	470	200	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Argentinian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	40	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nicaraguan	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kenyan	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	230	95	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Manitoban	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mayan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tanzanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Basque	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	130,660	64,640	66,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,280	560	720	1.0	0.9	1.1
Christian	74,695	35,585	39,110	57.2	55.1	59.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,340	3,955	4,390	6.4	6.1	6.7
Anabaptist	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	7,235	3,235	4,000	5.5	5.0	6.1
Baptist	870	420	455	0.7	0.6	0.7
Catholic	40,945	19,770	21,175	31.3	30.6	32.1
Christian Orthodox	2,675	1,350	1,325	2.0	2.1	2.0
Jehovah's Witness	320	125	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	935	445	495	0.7	0.7	0.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	280	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,340	645	695	1.0	1.0	1.1
Presbyterian	1,745	880	870	1.3	1.4	1.3
Reformed	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	6,620	3,070	3,550	5.1	4.7	5.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,920	1,350	1,570	2.2	2.1	2.4
Hindu	2,650	1,370	1,275	2.0	2.1	1.9
Jewish	505	280	225	0.4	0.4	0.3
Muslim	10,630	5,400	5,230	8.1	8.4	7.9
Sikh	1,200	605	595	0.9	0.9	0.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	675	320	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	39,020	20,515	18,505	29.9	31.7	28.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	129,165	63,835	65,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	112,840	55,690	57,150	87.4	87.2	87.5
Movers	16,330	8,145	8,185	12.6	12.8	12.5
Non-migrants	12,360	6,250	6,110	9.6	9.8	9.4
Migrants	3,970	1,895	2,075	3.1	3.0	3.2
Internal migrants	2,975	1,425	1,550	2.3	2.2	2.4
Intraprovincial migrants	1,925	900	1,030	1.5	1.4	1.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,050	525	525	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	995	470	525	0.8	0.7	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	122,890	60,730	62,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	71,015	35,280	35,735	57.8	58.1	57.5
Movers	51,880	25,450	26,425	42.2	41.9	42.5
Non-migrants	34,100	16,830	17,270	27.7	27.7	27.8
Migrants	17,780	8,620	9,160	14.5	14.2	14.7
Internal migrants	12,930	6,305	6,625	10.5	10.4	10.7
Intraprovincial migrants	8,315	3,995	4,325	6.8	6.6	7.0
Interprovincial migrants	4,615	2,310	2,300	3.8	3.8	3.7
External migrants	4,850	2,310	2,535	3.9	3.8	4.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,175	51,205	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,765	6,285	5,480	11.3	12.3	10.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	92,415	44,920	47,490	88.7	87.7	89.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,730	34,495	36,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,325	1,880	1,440	4.7	5.5	4.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	67,405	32,610	34,790	95.3	94.5	96.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,175	51,205	52,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,780	5,685	5,095	10.3	11.1	9.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,515	11,655	11,860	22.6	22.8	22.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	69,875	33,865	36,010	67.1	66.1	68.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,050	14,450	14,600	27.9	28.2	27.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,300	3,035	1,255	4.1	5.9	2.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,080	1,210	870	2.0	2.4	1.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,215	1,830	390	2.1	3.6	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	22,705	10,625	12,075	21.8	20.7	22.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,050	790	1,265	2.0	1.5	2.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	40,825	19,415	21,415	39.2	37.9	40.4
Bachelor's degree	26,825	12,250	14,580	25.7	23.9	27.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,140	955	1,185	2.1	1.9	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	835	380	460	0.8	0.7	0.9
Master's degree	9,255	4,735	4,515	8.9	9.2	8.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,765	1,095	670	1.7	2.1	1.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,725	34,490	36,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,835	1,630	1,205	4.0	4.7	3.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,035	6,285	5,750	17.0	18.2	15.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,855	26,575	29,275	79.0	77.1	80.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,055	10,990	11,065	31.2	31.9	30.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,940	2,035	910	4.2	5.9	2.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,430	820	610	2.0	2.4	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,510	1,215	295	2.1	3.5	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,655	8,365	9,290	25.0	24.3	25.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,460	590	870	2.1	1.7	2.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	33,795	15,585	18,210	47.8	45.2	50.3
Bachelor's degree	22,075	9,850	12,230	31.2	28.6	33.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,690	720	975	2.4	2.1	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	670	275	395	0.9	0.8	1.1
Master's degree	8,025	3,955	4,070	11.3	11.5	11.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,330	790	545	1.9	2.3	1.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	104,170	51,205	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,295	17,340	16,960	32.9	33.9	32.0
Education	3,720	790	2,930	3.6	1.5	5.5
13. Education	3,720	790	2,930	3.6	1.5	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,830	785	1,045	1.8	1.5	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	260	190	70	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,565	590	970	1.5	1.2	1.8
Humanities	3,665	1,240	2,420	3.5	2.4	4.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	400	70	330	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	920	210	710	0.9	0.4	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	915	295	620	0.9	0.6	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	235	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	670	360	310	0.6	0.7	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	200	30	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,525	3,990	7,535	11.1	7.8	14.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,275	390	885	1.2	0.8	1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,225	70	1,160	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	1,665	530	1,130	1.6	1.0	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	295	120	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	2,015	470	1,550	1.9	0.9	2.9
45. Social sciences	4,950	2,375	2,575	4.8	4.6	4.9
Business, management and public administration	14,730	6,330	8,405	14.1	12.4	15.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	945	245	695	0.9	0.5	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,765	6,080	7,690	13.2	11.9	14.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,775	1,845	1,925	3.6	3.6	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,815	700	1,120	1.7	1.4	2.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	740	335	400	0.7	0.7	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,060	760	305	1.0	1.5	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,145	3,525	1,615	4.9	6.9	3.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,215	3,040	1,180	4.0	5.9	2.2
25. Library science	190	25	165	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	560	330	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	180	135	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,600	11,005	1,595	12.1	21.5	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	550	355	195	0.5	0.7	0.4
14. Engineering	5,325	4,275	1,045	5.1	8.3	2.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,080	2,775	300	3.0	5.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,500	1,460	35	1.4	2.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,635	1,625	10	1.6	3.2	0.0
48. Precision production	520	510	10	0.5	1.0	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,340	740	600	1.3	1.4	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	885	485	400	0.8	0.9	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	460	255	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	8,275	1,790	6,485	7.9	3.5	12.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	935	510	425	0.9	1.0	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,140	1,185	5,950	6.9	2.3	11.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,245	1,810	1,435	3.1	3.5	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,350	375	980	1.3	0.7	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	170	160	15	0.2	0.3	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	75	70	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,255	870	385	1.2	1.7	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	395	335	60	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	70,725	34,495	36,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,875	7,915	6,955	21.0	22.9	19.2
Education	2,690	530	2,155	3.8	1.5	5.9
13. Education	2,690	530	2,155	3.8	1.5	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,375	555	820	1.9	1.6	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	105	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,210	440	770	1.7	1.3	2.1
Humanities	2,760	915	1,840	3.9	2.7	5.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	320	50	275	0.5	0.1	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	705	150	555	1.0	0.4	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	680	220	455	1.0	0.6	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	90	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	540	285	255	0.8	0.8	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	140	15	130	0.2	0.0	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,510	3,150	6,360	13.4	9.1	17.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,070	325	740	1.5	0.9	2.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	995	35	960	1.4	0.1	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,405	415	995	2.0	1.2	2.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	225	95	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
42. Psychology	1,670	390	1,280	2.4	1.1	3.5
45. Social sciences	4,060	1,870	2,200	5.7	5.4	6.1
Business, management and public administration	12,265	5,135	7,130	17.3	14.9	19.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	790	190	600	1.1	0.6	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,465	4,935	6,530	16.2	14.3	18.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,970	1,370	1,595	4.2	4.0	4.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,525	575	950	2.2	1.7	2.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	585	260	320	0.8	0.8	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	750	505	245	1.1	1.5	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,465	3,070	1,390	6.3	8.9	3.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,775	2,705	1,060	5.3	7.8	2.9
25. Library science	125	15	110	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	400	215	180	0.6	0.6	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	165	130	35	0.2	0.4	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,790	8,435	1,350	13.8	24.5	3.7
04. Architecture and related services	450	270	170	0.6	0.8	0.5
14. Engineering	4,280	3,400	880	6.1	9.9	2.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,425	2,180	245	3.4	6.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,090	1,050	35	1.5	3.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,180	1,170	10	1.7	3.4	0.0
48. Precision production	365	365	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,115	605	510	1.6	1.8	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	720	390	325	1.0	1.1	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	395	210	180	0.6	0.6	0.5
Health and related fields	6,395	1,410	4,985	9.0	4.1	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	730	370	355	1.0	1.1	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,510	980	4,530	7.8	2.8	12.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,520	1,385	1,135	3.6	4.0	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,025	280	755	1.4	0.8	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	130	125	15	0.2	0.4	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	60	55	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,020	700	320	1.4	2.0	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	285	230	50	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	70,725	34,495	36,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,875	7,915	6,955	21.0	22.9	19.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	55,855	26,580	29,275	79.0	77.1	80.8
Location of study inside Canada	46,905	22,395	24,510	66.3	64.9	67.6
Same as province or territory of residence	39,420	18,915	20,505	55.7	54.8	56.6
Different than province or territory of residence	7,485	3,475	4,005	10.6	10.1	11.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	8,950	4,185	4,770	12.7	12.1	13.2
Americas	1,955	1,015	950	2.8	2.9	2.6
United States of America	1,395	775	620	2.0	2.2	1.7
Mexico	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	180	85	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Colombia	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	2,055	1,085	965	2.9	3.1	2.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	90	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Germany	85	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romania	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	175	90	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	180	100	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	840	455	390	1.2	1.3	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italy	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	175	90	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Africa	580	280	305	0.8	0.8	0.8
Nigeria	75	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Morocco	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	185	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	145	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	4,185	1,725	2,460	5.9	5.0	6.8
Iran⁸⁸	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	155	90	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Israel	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lebanon	260	120	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Turkey	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
China⁹⁰	740	330	415	1.0	1.0	1.1
Taiwan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	250	65	185	0.4	0.2	0.5
Viet Nam	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	120	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,170	485	680	1.7	1.4	1.9
Pakistan	270	115	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other locations of study in Asia	485	190	295	0.7	0.6	0.8
Oceania	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	175	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	104,175	51,210	52,965	...	...	...
In the labour force	73,255	37,950	35,310	...	...	...
Employed	66,930	35,055	31,875	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,325	2,890	3,435	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,920	13,260	17,660	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.3	74.1	66.7	70.3	74.1	66.7
Employment rate	64.2	68.5	60.2	64.2	68.5	60.2
Unemployment rate	8.6	7.6	9.7	8.6	7.6	9.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	104,170	51,205	52,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,505	13,060	17,445	29.3	25.5	32.9
Worked	73,670	38,145	35,525	70.7	74.5	67.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	45,855	25,620	20,235	44.0	50.0	38.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,810	12,525	15,285	26.7	24.5	28.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.2	44.2	42.2	43.2	44.2	42.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	73,260	37,945	35,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,485	680	805	2.0	1.8	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	71,770	37,265	34,505	98.0	98.2	97.7
Employee	61,750	31,135	30,615	84.3	82.1	86.7
Permanent position	52,770	26,980	25,790	72.0	71.1	73.0
Temporary position	8,980	4,155	4,825	12.3	11.0	13.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,720	1,215	1,500	3.7	3.2	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,260	2,935	3,320	8.5	7.7	9.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,025	6,135	3,895	13.7	16.2	11.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	73,260	37,945	35,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,485	680	805	2.0	1.8	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	71,770	37,265	34,505	98.0	98.2	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,485	985	500	2.0	2.6	1.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15,080	4,905	10,180	20.6	12.9	28.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	11,580	8,775	2,800	15.8	23.1	7.9
3 Health occupations	5,035	1,070	3,965	6.9	2.8	11.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	11,355	4,240	7,115	15.5	11.2	20.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,140	865	1,275	2.9	2.3	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	13,815	6,625	7,190	18.9	17.5	20.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,185	8,270	915	12.5	21.8	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,345	1,005	330	1.8	2.6	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	760	515	245	1.0	1.4	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	73,260	37,945	35,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,485	680	805	2.0	1.8	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	71,770	37,265	34,505	98.0	98.2	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	790	480	310	1.1	1.3	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	110	85	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	390	280	110	0.5	0.7	0.3
23 Construction	5,560	4,565	1,000	7.6	12.0	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	2,660	1,805	855	3.6	4.8	2.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,885	1,365	525	2.6	3.6	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	6,875	3,630	3,240	9.4	9.6	9.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,515	1,825	685	3.4	4.8	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	1,545	985	565	2.1	2.6	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	2,690	1,260	1,430	3.7	3.3	4.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,245	650	595	1.7	1.7	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,585	5,375	3,210	11.7	14.2	9.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,520	1,635	885	3.4	4.3	2.5
61 Educational services	5,220	1,385	3,830	7.1	3.7	10.8
62 Health care and social assistance	7,590	1,515	6,080	10.4	4.0	17.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,335	675	665	1.8	1.8	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,855	1,240	1,615	3.9	3.3	4.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,630	1,120	1,510	3.6	3.0	4.3
91 Public administration	14,600	7,320	7,280	19.9	19.3	20.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	77,465	39,850	37,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	64,590	34,435	30,155	83.4	86.4	80.2
French	630	180	450	0.8	0.5	1.2
Non-official language	295	150	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	295	150	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	10,320	4,290	6,035	13.3	10.8	16.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,375	650	720	1.8	1.6	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	245	135	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	77,465	39,850	37,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	75,650	39,080	36,570	97.7	98.1	97.2
Official languages	75,085	38,815	36,270	96.9	97.4	96.4
English	73,650	38,400	35,250	95.1	96.4	93.7
French	1,430	410	1,020	1.8	1.0	2.7
Non-official languages	565	265	305	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	565	265	305	0.7	0.7	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	200	105	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,815	775	1,040	2.3	1.9	2.8
English and French	1,525	650	870	2.0	1.6	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	275	110	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	77,465	39,850	37,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	67,270	35,505	31,760	86.8	89.1	84.4
English	1,035	320	715	1.3	0.8	1.9
French	8,040	3,425	4,615	10.4	8.6	12.3
Non-official language	800	420	380	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	790	415	375	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	66,930	35,055	31,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	29,220	14,175	15,050	43.7	40.4	47.2
Worked outside Canada	235	180	50	0.4	0.5	0.2
No fixed workplace address	6,455	5,020	1,440	9.6	14.3	4.5
Usual place of work	31,020	15,685	15,335	46.3	44.7	48.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,015	15,685	15,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,715	14,425	14,290	92.6	92.0	93.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,825	965	865	5.9	6.2	5.6
Commute to a different province or territory	475	295	180	1.5	1.9	1.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,475	20,700	16,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,010	19,125	14,890	90.8	92.4	88.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,365	18,035	13,325	83.7	87.1	79.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,650	1,085	1,565	7.1	5.2	9.3
Public transit	1,165	495	670	3.1	2.4	4.0
Walked	955	450	510	2.5	2.2	3.0
Bicycle	175	130	45	0.5	0.6	0.3
Other method	1,165	500	665	3.1	2.4	4.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,475	20,700	16,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,705	4,315	4,390	23.2	20.8	26.2
15 to 29 minutes	14,780	8,120	6,655	39.4	39.2	39.7
30 to 44 minutes	9,950	5,945	4,005	26.6	28.7	23.9
45 to 59 minutes	2,430	1,410	1,025	6.5	6.8	6.1
60 minutes and over	1,620	915	700	4.3	4.4	4.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,475	20,700	16,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,245	1,740	510	6.0	8.4	3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,600	4,810	2,790	20.3	23.2	16.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,645	5,450	5,190	28.4	26.3	30.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,995	4,035	3,965	21.3	19.5	23.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,370	2,150	2,225	11.7	10.4	13.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,615	2,515	2,105	12.3	12.1	12.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	32,680	16,675	16,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,085	4,655	4,430	27.8	27.9	27.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,595	12,020	11,575	72.2	72.1	72.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	24,260	12,410	11,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,850	3,515	3,335	28.2	28.3	28.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	4,575	2,280	2,295	18.9	18.4	19.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,275	1,235	1,045	9.4	10.0	8.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,410	8,895	8,515	71.8	71.7	71.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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