Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Scarborough--AgincourtMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	104,423
Population, 2016¹	105,542
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.1
Total private dwellings²	40,000
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	38,337
Population density per square kilometre	4,891.1
Land area in square kilometres	21.35
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	104,420
0 to 14 years	13,335
0 to 4 years	3,985
5 to 9 years	4,555
10 to 14 years	4,800
15 to 64 years	66,530
15 to 19 years	5,075
20 to 24 years	6,575
25 to 29 years	7,570
30 to 34 years	7,180
35 to 39 years	6,340
40 to 44 years	5,535
45 to 49 years	6,005
50 to 54 years	7,085
55 to 59 years	8,000
60 to 64 years	7,175
65 years and over	24,560
65 to 69 years	6,415
70 to 74 years	5,920
75 to 79 years	4,175
80 to 84 years	3,595
85 years and over	4,450
85 to 89 years	2,655
90 to 94 years	1,350
95 to 99 years	380
100 years and over	60
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.8
15 to 64 years	63.7
65 years and over	23.5
85 years and over	4.3
Average age of the population	45.0
Median age of the population	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,340
Single-detached house	11,110
Semi-detached house	1,340
Row house	4,495
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,550
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,665
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	18,090
Other single-attached house	75
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,335
1 person	9,170
2 persons	11,565
3 persons	7,220
4 persons	5,705
5 or more persons	4,670
Number of persons in private households	103,725
Average household size	2.7
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	91,090
Married or living common-law	48,300
Married	45,165
Living common-law	3,140
Living common law - Never married	2,155
Living common law - Separated	150
Living common law - Divorced	770
Living common law - Widowed	70
Not married and not living common-law	42,785
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,835
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,425
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,105
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,430
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,305
2 persons	14,065
3 persons	7,585
4 persons	5,580
5 or more persons	2,080
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,310
Total couple families	22,925
Married couples	21,360
With children⁶	12,330
Without children	9,030
Common-law couples	1,570
With children⁶	640
Without children	930
Total one-parent families	6,380
in which the parent is a woman+	5,285
in which the parent is a man+	1,100
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	103,725
Total - Persons in census families	84,305
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,850
Parents in one-parent families	6,385
Children⁶	32,075
In a two-parent family	22,470
In a one-parent family	9,605
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,420
Living alone	9,170
Living with other relatives⁷	4,305
Living with non-relatives only	5,940
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,340
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,020
Couple-family households	17,545
With children⁶	10,060
Without children	7,485
One-parent-family households	4,475
Multigenerational households⁸	2,460
Multiple-census-family households⁹	635
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,145
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,905
One-person households	9,170
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,400
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,880
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,890
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,875
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	23,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,730
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,705
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,695
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,460
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,390
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,835
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,955
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,760
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,860
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,710
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,630
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,555
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,610
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,390
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,070
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,615
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,420
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,395
Without total income	4,520
With total income	85,880
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,485
$10,000 to $19,999	13,590
$20,000 to $29,999	17,955
$30,000 to $39,999	11,780
$40,000 to $49,999	8,755
$50,000 to $59,999	6,600
$60,000 to $69,999	4,610
$70,000 to $79,999	3,385
$80,000 to $89,999	2,560
$90,000 to $99,999	1,915
$100,000 and over	5,245
$100,000 to $149,999	3,990
$150,000 and over	1,255
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,395
Without after-tax income	4,510
With after-tax income	85,890
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,735
$10,000 to $19,999	14,125
$20,000 to $29,999	19,650
$30,000 to $39,999	13,095
$40,000 to $49,999	9,760
$50,000 to $59,999	6,475
$60,000 to $69,999	4,345
$70,000 to $79,999	2,980
$80,000 to $89,999	2,165
$90,000 to $99,999	1,300
$100,000 and over	2,255
$100,000 to $124,999	1,340
$125,000 and over	915
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,395
Without employment income	35,665
With employment income	54,730
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,680
$5,000 to $9,999	6,645
$10,000 to $19,999	6,950
$20,000 to $29,999	4,945
$30,000 to $39,999	5,120
$40,000 to $49,999	4,715
$50,000 to $59,999	4,090
$60,000 to $69,999	3,035
$70,000 to $79,999	2,275
$80,000 to $89,999	1,825
$90,000 to $99,999	1,610
$100,000 and over	3,835
$100,000 to $124,999	2,165
$125,000 and over	1,675
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,400
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,850
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,865
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,910
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,745
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,720
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,085
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,390
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,965
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,980
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,110
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,850
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,895
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,100
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,390
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,885
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,040
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	82.8
Employment income (%)	67.2
Government transfers (%)	17.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,340
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,170
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,165
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,345
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,900
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,200
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,840
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,145
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,900
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,100
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,335
Under $5,000	610
$5,000 to $9,999	290
$10,000 to $14,999	415
$15,000 to $19,999	670
$20,000 to $24,999	2,255
$25,000 to $29,999	1,310
$30,000 to $34,999	1,525
$35,000 to $39,999	1,655
$40,000 to $44,999	1,370
$45,000 to $49,999	1,410
$50,000 to $59,999	2,905
$60,000 to $69,999	2,895
$70,000 to $79,999	2,590
$80,000 to $89,999	2,445
$90,000 to $99,999	2,230
$100,000 and over	13,755
$100,000 to $124,999	4,515
$125,000 to $149,999	3,105
$150,000 to $199,999	3,445
$200,000 and over	2,695
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,335
Under $5,000	660
$5,000 to $9,999	300
$10,000 to $14,999	425
$15,000 to $19,999	710
$20,000 to $24,999	2,355
$25,000 to $29,999	1,390
$30,000 to $34,999	1,700
$35,000 to $39,999	1,775
$40,000 to $44,999	1,590
$45,000 to $49,999	1,685
$50,000 to $59,999	3,405
$60,000 to $69,999	3,175
$70,000 to $79,999	2,965
$80,000 to $89,999	2,645
$90,000 to $99,999	2,425
$100,000 and over	11,115
$100,000 to $124,999	4,365
$125,000 to $149,999	2,750
$150,000 and over	4,000
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,325
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,220
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,020
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,660
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,110
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,300
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,145
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,170
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,100
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,590
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,600
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,600
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,240
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	103,725
0 to 17 years	16,280
0 to 5 years	4,860
18 to 64 years	63,470
65 years and over	23,970
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,335
0 to 17 years	2,565
0 to 5 years	810
18 to 64 years	7,485
65 years and over	5,280
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.8
0 to 17 years (%)	15.8
0 to 5 years (%)	16.6
18 to 64 years (%)	11.8
65 years and over (%)	22.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	103,725
0 to 17 years	16,285
0 to 5 years	4,855
18 to 64 years	63,470
65 years and over	23,975
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,310
0 to 17 years	1,355
0 to 5 years	395
18 to 64 years	6,235
65 years and over	1,720
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3
0 to 5 years (%)	8.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8
65 years and over (%)	7.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	103,725
In bottom half of the distribution	62,200
In bottom decile	14,695
In second decile	13,765
In third decile	12,405
In fourth decile	11,070
In fifth decile	10,265
In top half of the distribution	41,530
In sixth decile	9,615
In seventh decile	8,800
In eighth decile	8,775
In ninth decile	8,125
In top decile	6,210
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	103,725
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.320
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.480
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.285
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	103,950
English only	84,990
French only	95
English and French	4,800
Neither English nor French	14,055
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	103,950
English	88,230
French	870
English and French	965
Neither English nor French	13,895
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	103,950
Single responses	96,555
Official languages	32,070
English	31,375
French	690
Non-official languages	64,490
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	64,485
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,575
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	5
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	10
Cushitic languages	245
Bilen	0
Oromo	20
Somali	225
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Semitic languages	2,320
Amharic	75
Arabic	2,085
Aramaic languages	60
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	20
Hebrew	0
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	70
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	580
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	565
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	4,040
Bikol	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20
Cebuano	100
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	80
Ilocano	310
Indonesian	150
Kankanaey	10
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35
Pangasinan	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,270
Waray-Waray	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25
Creole languages	100
Haitian Creole	25
Jamaican English Creole	5
Krio	0
Morisyen	50
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	4,645
Kannada	45
Malayalam	410
Tamil	3,745
Telugu	430
Tulu	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	13,695
Albanian	90
Armenian	2,660
Balto-Slavic languages	1,085
Baltic languages	25
Latvian	20
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	1,065
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	80
Czech	30
Macedonian	300
Polish	165
Russian	245
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	140
Bosnian	10
Croatian	45
Serbian	80
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	20
Ukrainian	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	290
Frisian	0
High German languages	230
German	220
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	20
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	1,310
Indo-Iranian languages	5,870
Indo-Aryan languages	4,660
Assamese	0
Bengali	585
Gujarati	905
Hindi	805
Kacchi	120
Kashmiri	5
Konkani	65
Marathi	120
Nepali	40
Oriya languages	15
Odia	15
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	430
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	210
Urdu	1,325
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15
Iranian languages	1,210
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	80
Parsi	0
Pashto	115
Persian languages	1,015
Dari	410
Iranian Persian	480
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	125
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,365
Catalan	0
Italian	920
Portuguese	295
Romanian	265
Spanish	885
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	135
Korean	555
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	275
Akan (Twi)	50
Bamanankan	0
Edo	10
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10
Ga	5
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	50
Wojenaka	10
Wolof	5
Yoruba	60
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30
Nilo-Saharan languages	15
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	30
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	37,290
Chinese languages	37,240
Hakka	495
Mandarin	17,690
Min Dong	135
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	515
Wu (Shanghainese)	305
Yue (Cantonese)	17,775
Chinese, n.o.s.	310
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	50
Burmese	35
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5
Tai-Kadai languages	45
Lao	10
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10
Turkic languages	265
Azerbaijani	20
Kazakh	0
Turkish	225
Uyghur	5
Uzbek	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	240
Estonian	25
Finnish	40
Hungarian	180
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	7,395
English and French	235
English and non-official language(s)	6,195
French and non-official language(s)	125
English, French and non-official language(s)	135
Multiple non-official languages	705
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	103,950
English	32,905
French	215
Non-official language	28,645
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	28,645
English and French	600
English and non-official language(s)	37,170
French and non-official language(s)	80
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,000
Multiple non-official languages	3,325
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	103,950
Single responses	94,665
Official languages	45,750
English	45,395
French	355
Non-official languages	48,920
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	48,915
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,545
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	95
Bilen	0
Oromo	10
Somali	85
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,450
Amharic	50
Arabic	1,325
Aramaic languages	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	10
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	30
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	320
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	315
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,465
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	45
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	55
Ilocano	200
Indonesian	90
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,035
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	75
Haitian Creole	20
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	35
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	3,480
Kannada	20
Malayalam	275
Tamil	2,885
Telugu	300
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	8,365
Albanian	40
Armenian	2,085
Balto-Slavic languages	530
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	525
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	55
Czech	10
Macedonian	150
Polish	75
Russian	135
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	70
Bosnian	5
Croatian	15
Serbian	45
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	35
Frisian	0
High German languages	30
German	25
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	635
Indo-Iranian languages	3,780
Indo-Aryan languages	2,950
Assamese	0
Bengali	370
Gujarati	630
Hindi	470
Kacchi	55
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	25
Marathi	65
Nepali	20
Oriya languages	5
Odia	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	255
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	115
Urdu	905
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10
Iranian languages	825
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	55
Parsi	0
Pashto	65
Persian languages	710
Dari	275
Iranian Persian	340
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,255
Catalan	0
Italian	440
Portuguese	150
Romanian	150
Spanish	515
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	45
Korean	395
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	110
Akan (Twi)	35
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	30
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	40
American Sign Language	40
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	31,740
Chinese languages	31,695
Hakka	255
Mandarin	15,310
Min Dong	105
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	305
Wu (Shanghainese)	205
Yue (Cantonese)	15,310
Chinese, n.o.s.	205
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40
Burmese	25
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20
Lao	5
Thai	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5
Turkic languages	195
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	0
Turkish	170
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	100
Estonian	0
Finnish	15
Hungarian	85
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	9,285
English and French	180
English and non-official language(s)	8,690
French and non-official language(s)	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	110
Multiple non-official languages	260
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	103,955
None	69,300
English	14,330
French	575
Non-official language	14,575
Indigenous³⁹	5
Non-Indigenous	14,570
English and French	190
English and non-official language(s)	2,725
French and non-official language(s)	385
English, French and non-official language(s)	55
Multiple non-official languages	1,810
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	103,690
Official languages	89,720
English	89,630
French	4,915
Non-official languages	78,040
Indigenous languages³⁹	20
Algonquian languages	20
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	78,030
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,835
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	15
Hausa	15
Mina	0
Coptic	45
Cushitic languages	360
Bilen	0
Oromo	40
Somali	325
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	4,495
Amharic	110
Arabic	4,245
Aramaic languages	130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	115
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20
Harari	15
Hebrew	45
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	85
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,105
Khmer (Cambodian)	55
Vietnamese	1,045
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	5,735
Bikol	55
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30
Cebuano	175
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	110
Ilocano	375
Indonesian	195
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	90
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	55
Pangasinan	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,285
Waray-Waray	50
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130
Creole languages	340
Haitian Creole	45
Jamaican English Creole	10
Krio	0
Morisyen	150
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	125
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50
Dravidian languages	6,845
Kannada	155
Malayalam	820
Tamil	5,470
Telugu	820
Tulu	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10
Georgian	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	19,215
Albanian	135
Armenian	3,130
Balto-Slavic languages	1,665
Baltic languages	30
Latvian	25
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	1,635
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	70
Czech	15
Macedonian	505
Polish	265
Russian	525
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	205
Bosnian	30
Croatian	90
Serbian	155
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	50
Ukrainian	105
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	555
Frisian	0
High German languages	430
German	425
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105
Afrikaans	35
Dutch	75
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	25
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	2,205
Indo-Iranian languages	8,950
Indo-Aryan languages	7,370
Assamese	10
Bengali	680
Gujarati	1,590
Hindi	3,935
Kacchi	245
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	185
Marathi	360
Nepali	40
Oriya languages	55
Odia	45
Oriya, n.o.s.	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	995
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	50
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	460
Urdu	1,970
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	50
Iranian languages	1,700
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	120
Parsi	20
Pashto	145
Persian languages	1,540
Dari	590
Iranian Persian	835
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	145
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,540
Catalan	0
Italian	1,395
Portuguese	375
Romanian	290
Spanish	1,630
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	245
Korean	655
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,000
Akan (Twi)	90
Bamanankan	0
Edo	30
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	25
Ganda	20
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	85
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40
Lingala	45
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	325
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	250
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150
Nilo-Saharan languages	20
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	105
American Sign Language	90
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	41,955
Chinese languages	41,900
Hakka	765
Mandarin	25,730
Min Dong	165
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	925
Wu (Shanghainese)	435
Yue (Cantonese)	21,975
Chinese, n.o.s.	245
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	30
Tibeto-Burman languages	65
Burmese	30
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	35
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10
Tai-Kadai languages	100
Lao	10
Thai	80
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10
Turkic languages	845
Azerbaijani	80
Kazakh	0
Turkish	740
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	260
Estonian	30
Finnish	40
Hungarian	190
Other languages, n.i.e.	15
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,690
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	380
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	365
First Nations (North American Indian)	230
Métis	135
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0
Non-Indigenous identity	103,310
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,690
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	115
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,575
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,350
Owner	25,370
Renter	12,975
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,350
Condominium	14,370
Not condominium	23,980
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,350
No bedrooms	435
1 bedroom	6,385
2 bedrooms	10,900
3 bedrooms	10,470
4 or more bedrooms	10,160
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,350
1 to 4 rooms	16,830
5 rooms	6,345
6 rooms	4,750
7 rooms	3,710
8 or more rooms	6,705
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,350
One person or fewer per room	35,625
More than one person per room	2,725
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,350
Suitable	33,285
Not suitable	5,060
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,350
1960 or before	3,365
1961 to 1980	18,390
1981 to 1990	6,975
1991 to 2000	3,660
2001 to 2005	1,325
2006 to 2010	1,030
2011 to 2015	1,670
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,930
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,350
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,285
Major repairs needed	2,065
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,350
One-maintainer household	19,110
Two-maintainer household	14,970
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,265
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,350
15 to 24 years	625
25 to 34 years	3,745
35 to 44 years	5,040
45 to 54 years	6,420
55 to 64 years	8,265
65 to 74 years	6,950
75 to 84 years	4,595
85 years and over	2,705
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	38,085
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	25,390
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,700
30% to less than 100%	11,280
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,350
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	17,810
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,000
Not suitable only	3,675
Major repairs needed only	1,160
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,070
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	590
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	270
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45
Acceptable housing	20,535
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,665
In core need	8,415
Not in core need	28,255
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,370
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	49.7
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.0
% in core housing need⁶³	18.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	827,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,975
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.5
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.0
% in core housing need⁶³	31.6
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,358
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	103,685
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	125
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	120
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	90
Métis single ancestry	25
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	400
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	103,170
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	103,690
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	81,240
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,980
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	67,255
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	22,450
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	103,690
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	31,595
Immigrants⁸¹	66,065
Before 1980	9,800
1980 to 1990	9,330
1991 to 2000	15,765
2001 to 2010	16,330
2011 to 2021⁸²	14,840
2011 to 2015	6,850
2016 to 2021	7,990
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,030
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	66,060
Under 5 years	3,300
5 to 14 years	8,370
15 to 24 years	11,390
25 to 44 years	32,280
45 years and over	10,725
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	66,060
Americas	5,580
Brazil	45
Colombia	140
El Salvador	85
Guyana	1,115
Haiti	30
Jamaica	1,755
Mexico	85
Peru	60
Trinidad and Tobago	830
United States of America	395
Other places of birth in Americas	1,045
Europe	4,395
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	40
France	95
Germany	130
Greece	1,050
Hungary	95
Italy	795
Netherlands	40
Poland	195
Portugal	100
Romania	295
Russian Federation	120
Serbia⁸⁶	80
Ukraine	55
United Kingdom⁸⁷	705
Other places of birth in Europe	580
Africa	2,875
Algeria	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	60
Egypt	390
Eritrea	45
Ethiopia	100
Morocco	65
Nigeria	230
Somalia	220
South Africa, Republic of	90
Other places of birth in Africa	1,655
Asia	53,130
Afghanistan	440
Iran⁸⁸	855
Iraq	740
Lebanon	800
Syria⁸⁹	1,420
Turkey	325
China⁹⁰	23,345
Hong Kong⁹¹	6,300
Korea, South⁹²	440
Taiwan	655
Philippines	5,295
Viet Nam	1,440
Bangladesh	435
India	3,685
Pakistan	1,090
Sri Lanka	3,515
Other places of birth in Asia	2,345
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	85
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	7,990
Americas	420
Brazil	30
Colombia	25
Haiti	0
Jamaica	75
Mexico	0
United States of America	100
Venezuela⁹⁵	55
Other places of birth in Americas	135
Europe	115
France	15
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	25
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10
Other places of birth in Europe	60
Africa	405
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	35
Eritrea	15
Ethiopia	25
Morocco	15
Nigeria	120
Somalia	20
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	25
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	125
Asia	7,030
Afghanistan	85
Bangladesh	125
China⁹⁰	2,435
Hong Kong⁹¹	75
India	1,385
Iran⁸⁸	65
Iraq	160
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	35
Korea, South⁹²	50
Lebanon	80
Nepal	20
Pakistan	100
Philippines	1,050
Saudi Arabia	85
Sri Lanka	115
Syria⁸⁹	800
Turkey	30
United Arab Emirates	45
Viet Nam	60
Other places of birth in Asia	210
Oceania and other⁹³	20
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	103,690
First generation¹⁰⁰	72,955
Second generation¹⁰¹	23,925
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,810
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	56,265
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	26,800
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,980
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	14,825
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	18,225
Refugees¹⁰⁸	9,580
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	1,655
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	56,265
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	5,365
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,385
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,090
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,650
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	240
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	43,540
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	103,690
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	85,345
South Asian	15,565
Chinese	44,450
Black	7,500
Filipino	6,515
Arab	2,220
Latin American	1,150
Southeast Asian	1,335
West Asian	2,015
Korean	705
Japanese	235
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,225
Multiple visible minorities	2,420
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	18,345
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	103,690
Canadian	3,555
English	3,110
Irish	2,580
Scottish	2,540
French, n.o.s.¹²²	930
German	1,070
Chinese	41,320
Italian	2,195
Indian (India)	7,080
Ukrainian	440
Dutch	375
Polish	600
Québécois	15
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,015
Filipino	6,005
French Canadian	165
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	400
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	125
Métis	110
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	350
Russian	360
Norwegian	135
Welsh	270
Portuguese	740
American	260
Spanish	760
Swedish	60
Hungarian	270
Acadian	45
Pakistani	1,100
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,540
Jewish	210
Punjabi	180
Vietnamese	1,190
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,185
Greek	2,560
Jamaican	2,130
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	3,035
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40
Korean	790
Romanian	280
Lebanese	465
Iranian	645
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	680
Danish	90
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	65
Sikh	60
Austrian	110
Belgian	40
Haitian	90
Hindu	1,090
Mexican	105
Mennonite	0
Swiss	110
Finnish	115
Sri Lankan	2,980
Croatian	115
Japanese	320
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	830
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	45
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25
Muslim	510
Egyptian	435
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	245
Tamil	2,695
Icelandic	20
Colombian	215
Moroccan	90
Czech	50
Syrian	590
Guyanese	810
Afghan	710
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	860
Serbian	190
Ojibway	55
Newfoundlander	55
Hong Konger	1,890
Ontarian	150
Persian	255
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	560
Turkish	300
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	405
Algerian	20
Brazilian	120
Nigerian	165
Armenian	2,790
Slovak	35
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50
Somali	435
Taiwanese	430
Iraqi	195
Salvadorean	90
African Caribbean	505
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	865
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	325
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	370
Algonquin	25
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	450
Lithuanian	35
South African	40
Australian	15
Palestinian	160
Chilean	40
Congolese	105
Nova Scotian	25
Ethiopian	130
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	185
Peruvian	85
Yoruba	225
Cambodian (Khmer)	80
Berber	0
Albanian	140
Maltese	30
Macedonian	535
Slovenian	55
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	120
Eritrean	125
African Canadian	115
Israeli	20
Mohawk	40
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0
Bulgarian	70
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	135
Barbadian	170
African American	55
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40
Cuban	110
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	35
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	60
Bengali	175
Cameroonian	20
Guatemalan	55
Indonesian	165
Laotian	30
Ilocano	130
Northern Irish	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	65
Franco Ontarian	15
Argentinian	30
Estonian	70
Kurdish	130
Fijian	35
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20
Coptic	325
Thai	65
Dominican	35
Nepali	45
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	160
Igbo	85
Byelorussian	25
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	25
Sudanese	250
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25
Malaysian	185
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	30
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	175
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	165
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	30
Mauritian	50
Kenyan	65
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	145
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	10
Rwandan	10
Grenadian	85
Malayali	155
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	145
Mayan	20
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	35
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	20
Pashtun	30
Malay	35
Goan	150
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	50
Tibetan	25
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	40
Mongolian	35
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	45
Indo-Guyanese	50
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	50
Yemeni	35
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	35
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25
Igorot	30
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	35
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	130
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	25
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	25
Singaporean	50
Karen	0
Edo	75
Tajik	40
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	103,690
Buddhist	4,875
Christian	42,725
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,630
Anabaptist	55
Anglican	1,625
Baptist	1,200
Catholic	17,405
Christian Orthodox	5,150
Jehovah's Witness	145
Latter Day Saints	75
Lutheran	145
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	215
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,390
Presbyterian	760
Reformed	50
United Church	965
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,910
Hindu	8,055
Jewish	165
Muslim	7,870
Sikh	355
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	755
No religion and secular perspectives	38,875
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	102,950
Non-movers	92,150
Movers	10,795
Non-migrants	7,780
Migrants	3,010
Internal migrants	1,445
Intraprovincial migrants	1,305
Interprovincial migrants	140
External migrants	1,565
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	99,690
Non-movers	66,835
Movers	32,855
Non-migrants	18,295
Migrants	14,560
Internal migrants	5,545
Intraprovincial migrants	4,635
Interprovincial migrants	905
External migrants	9,015
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,390
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,655
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	72,735
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,820
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,355
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,460
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,390
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,795
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,405
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,490
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,890
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,605
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,285
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,495
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,105
Bachelor's degree or higher	28,910
Bachelor's degree	20,350
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,890
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	580
Master's degree	5,385
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	705
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,815
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,900
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,110
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,810
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,820
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,655
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	910
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	745
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,080
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,085
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,990
Bachelor's degree	15,330
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,415
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	460
Master's degree	4,310
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	480
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,390
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	40,990
Education	2,170
13. Education	2,170
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,695
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190
50. Visual and performing arts	1,510
Humanities	2,755
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	405
23. English language and literature/letters	765
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	750
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65
38. Philosophy and religious studies	160
39. Theology and religious vocations	340
54. History	210
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,480
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	490
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,115
22. Legal professions and studies	750
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100
42. Psychology	740
45. Social sciences	2,200
Business, management and public administration	12,770
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	615
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,125
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,720
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,000
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	685
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55
40. Physical sciences	865
41. Science technologies/technicians	110
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,165
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,255
25. Library science	130
27. Mathematics and statistics	680
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	100
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,520
04. Architecture and related services	440
14. Engineering	5,220
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,795
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	645
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	945
48. Precision production	475
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	575
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	385
03. Natural resources and conservation	190
Health and related fields	5,970
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	285
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,555
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,585
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,050
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	235
49. Transportation and materials moving	285
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,820
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,005
Education	1,195
13. Education	1,195
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,250
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125
50. Visual and performing arts	1,125
Humanities	1,880
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	250
23. English language and literature/letters	580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	545
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115
39. Theology and religious vocations	210
54. History	130
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,110
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	385
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	805
22. Legal professions and studies	610
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85
42. Psychology	535
45. Social sciences	1,620
Business, management and public administration	9,625
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	465
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,145
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,810
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	680
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	505
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35
40. Physical sciences	515
41. Science technologies/technicians	85
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,285
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,690
25. Library science	70
27. Mathematics and statistics	455
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	65
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,825
04. Architecture and related services	300
14. Engineering	4,055
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,200
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	430
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	590
48. Precision production	245
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	425
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	265
03. Natural resources and conservation	160
Health and related fields	4,270
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	195
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,980
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,130
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	725
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	200
49. Transportation and materials moving	195
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,820
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,005
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	35,810
Location of study inside Canada	20,510
Same as province or territory of residence	19,560
Different than province or territory of residence	950
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	15,305
Americas	1,145
United States of America	615
Mexico	20
Cuba	30
Haiti	15
Jamaica	115
Brazil	70
Colombia	65
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	35
Other locations of study in Americas	175
Europe	940
Belgium	10
France	30
Germany	45
Netherlands	20
Switzerland	25
Hungary	15
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	30
Romania	120
Russian Federation	45
Ukraine	25
Ireland⁹⁶	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	400
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	10
Serbia⁸⁶	10
Other locations of study in Europe	155
Africa	635
Nigeria	235
Algeria	20
Morocco	15
Tunisia	0
Egypt	140
South Africa, Republic of	15
Other locations of study in Africa	210
Asia	12,485
Iran⁸⁸	185
Iraq	175
Israel	10
Lebanon	125
Syria⁸⁹	190
Turkey	45
China⁹⁰	5,210
Taiwan	100
Hong Kong⁹¹	420
Japan	75
Korea, South⁹²	105
Philippines	2,135
Viet Nam	60
Bangladesh	150
Sri Lanka	300
India	2,455
Pakistan	310
Other locations of study in Asia	425
Oceania	95
Australia	65
New Zealand	15
Other locations of study in Oceania	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,390
In the labour force	49,440
Employed	41,315
Unemployed	8,125
Not in the labour force	40,950
Participation rate	54.7
Employment rate	45.7
Unemployment rate	16.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,390
Did not work¹⁸⁶	43,030
Worked	47,365
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	22,880
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,485
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	49,440
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,415
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	47,025
Employee	40,135
Permanent position	32,890
Temporary position	7,240
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,335
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,905
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,890
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	49,440
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,415
All occupations¹⁹¹	47,025
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	260
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,185
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,680
3 Health occupations	3,440
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,170
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,405
6 Sales and service occupations	13,175
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,160
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	250
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,300
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	49,440
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,415
All industries¹⁹¹	47,025
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	80
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	35
22 Utilities	240
23 Construction	2,435
31-33 Manufacturing	4,825
41 Wholesale trade	1,850
44-45 Retail trade	5,495
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,335
51 Information and cultural industries	1,220
52 Finance and insurance	3,710
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,160
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,995
55 Management of companies and enterprises	210
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,725
61 Educational services	2,805
62 Health care and social assistance	5,255
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	580
72 Accommodation and food services	3,600
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,015
91 Public administration	1,460
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	52,610
English	41,410
French	65
Non-official language	4,185
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	4,185
English and French	530
English and non-official language(s)	5,880
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55
Multiple non-official languages	475
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	52,610
Single responses	50,960
Official languages	44,625
English	44,485
French	135
Non-official languages	6,340
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,340
Afro-Asiatic languages	50
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	50
Amharic	0
Arabic	50
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	55
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	85
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	80
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	205
Albanian	0
Armenian	80
Balto-Slavic languages	10
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	10
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	50
Indo-Aryan languages	35
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	20
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	10
Romanian	10
Spanish	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	35
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,820
Chinese languages	5,810
Hakka	0
Mandarin	3,575
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,205
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	15
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,650
English and French	160
English and non-official language(s)	1,425
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	65
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	52,610
None	47,025
English	1,425
French	305
Non-official language	2,820
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	2,820
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	375
French and non-official language(s)	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	600
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	41,320
Worked at home	12,045
Worked outside Canada	215
No fixed workplace address	5,080
Usual place of work	23,980
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	23,980
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,980
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,940
Commute to a different province or territory	60
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	29,060
Car, truck or van	21,365
Car, truck or van - as a driver	18,540
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,820
Public transit	6,110
Walked	795
Bicycle	145
Other method	655
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	29,060
Less than 15 minutes	4,500
15 to 29 minutes	9,825
30 to 44 minutes	7,890
45 to 59 minutes	2,725
60 minutes and over	4,110
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	29,060
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,295
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,675
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,385
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,435
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,030
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,235
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,625
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,380
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,250
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,330
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,120
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	825
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	295
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,215

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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