Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Scarborough CentreMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	113,104
Population, 2016¹	112,603
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.4
Total private dwellings²	42,672
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	40,564
Population density per square kilometre	4,021.6
Land area in square kilometres	28.12
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,105
0 to 14 years	17,110
0 to 4 years	5,310
5 to 9 years	5,835
10 to 14 years	5,960
15 to 64 years	76,340
15 to 19 years	6,390
20 to 24 years	8,240
25 to 29 years	9,040
30 to 34 years	8,015
35 to 39 years	7,495
40 to 44 years	6,895
45 to 49 years	6,880
50 to 54 years	7,505
55 to 59 years	8,370
60 to 64 years	7,510
65 years and over	19,655
65 to 69 years	6,015
70 to 74 years	4,605
75 to 79 years	3,255
80 to 84 years	2,635
85 years and over	3,140
85 to 89 years	1,800
90 to 94 years	995
95 to 99 years	300
100 years and over	50
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1
15 to 64 years	67.5
65 years and over	17.4
85 years and over	2.8
Average age of the population	41.3
Median age of the population	40.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	40,560
Single-detached house	13,870
Semi-detached house	805
Row house	2,860
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,960
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,180
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	16,840
Other single-attached house	40
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	40,565
1 person	10,010
2 persons	11,295
3 persons	7,515
4 persons	6,310
5 or more persons	5,425
Number of persons in private households	111,745
Average household size	2.8
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	95,995
Married or living common-law	47,830
Married	43,435
Living common-law	4,400
Living common law - Never married	3,215
Living common law - Separated	205
Living common law - Divorced	865
Living common law - Widowed	110
Not married and not living common-law	48,170
Not married and not living common law - Never married	33,660
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,935
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,680
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,890
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,960
2 persons	13,065
3 persons	7,645
4 persons	6,200
5 or more persons	3,050
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,955
Total couple families	22,635
Married couples	20,440
With children⁶	13,175
Without children	7,260
Common-law couples	2,195
With children⁶	905
Without children	1,290
Total one-parent families	7,325
in which the parent is a woman+	6,165
in which the parent is a man+	1,160
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,745
Total - Persons in census families	90,205
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,260
Parents in one-parent families	7,325
Children⁶	37,610
In a two-parent family	26,275
In a one-parent family	11,335
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,540
Living alone	10,010
Living with other relatives⁷	4,735
Living with non-relatives only	6,795
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	40,560
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,070
Couple-family households	17,720
With children⁶	11,240
Without children	6,480
One-parent-family households	5,350
Multigenerational households⁸	2,285
Multiple-census-family households⁹	595
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,055
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,545
One-person households	10,015
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,730
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,385
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,405
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,270
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,500
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,915
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,770
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,035
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,595
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,355
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,370
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,525
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,405
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,855
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,770
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,190
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,135
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,590
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,785
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,785
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	10.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	9.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,735
Without total income	5,350
With total income	89,380
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,820
$10,000 to $19,999	12,615
$20,000 to $29,999	17,580
$30,000 to $39,999	13,605
$40,000 to $49,999	10,225
$50,000 to $59,999	7,865
$60,000 to $69,999	5,575
$70,000 to $79,999	3,795
$80,000 to $89,999	2,830
$90,000 to $99,999	1,960
$100,000 and over	4,490
$100,000 to $149,999	3,645
$150,000 and over	845
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,735
Without after-tax income	5,325
With after-tax income	89,410
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,000
$10,000 to $19,999	13,060
$20,000 to $29,999	19,780
$30,000 to $39,999	15,230
$40,000 to $49,999	11,550
$50,000 to $59,999	7,755
$60,000 to $69,999	5,085
$70,000 to $79,999	3,070
$80,000 to $89,999	2,160
$90,000 to $99,999	1,085
$100,000 and over	1,635
$100,000 to $124,999	1,050
$125,000 and over	585
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,735
Without employment income	33,230
With employment income	61,505
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,580
$5,000 to $9,999	6,470
$10,000 to $19,999	7,955
$20,000 to $29,999	6,140
$30,000 to $39,999	6,295
$40,000 to $49,999	5,925
$50,000 to $59,999	5,170
$60,000 to $69,999	3,800
$70,000 to $79,999	2,815
$80,000 to $89,999	2,230
$90,000 to $99,999	1,680
$100,000 and over	3,450
$100,000 to $124,999	2,160
$125,000 and over	1,290
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,730
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,005
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,010
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,000
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,315
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,825
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,970
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,595
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,960
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,970
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,405
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,290
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,845
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,040
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,170
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,590
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,540
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,050
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	83.0
Employment income (%)	72.4
Government transfers (%)	17.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	40,565
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,015
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,550
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	40,560
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,500
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,065
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,440
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,040
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,495
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	40,565
Under $5,000	645
$5,000 to $9,999	285
$10,000 to $14,999	480
$15,000 to $19,999	805
$20,000 to $24,999	1,695
$25,000 to $29,999	1,405
$30,000 to $34,999	1,440
$35,000 to $39,999	1,595
$40,000 to $44,999	1,530
$45,000 to $49,999	1,590
$50,000 to $59,999	3,275
$60,000 to $69,999	3,150
$70,000 to $79,999	2,895
$80,000 to $89,999	2,730
$90,000 to $99,999	2,520
$100,000 and over	14,515
$100,000 to $124,999	4,935
$125,000 to $149,999	3,435
$150,000 to $199,999	3,720
$200,000 and over	2,425
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	40,565
Under $5,000	670
$5,000 to $9,999	300
$10,000 to $14,999	490
$15,000 to $19,999	840
$20,000 to $24,999	1,790
$25,000 to $29,999	1,575
$30,000 to $34,999	1,660
$35,000 to $39,999	1,725
$40,000 to $44,999	1,820
$45,000 to $49,999	1,865
$50,000 to $59,999	3,745
$60,000 to $69,999	3,565
$70,000 to $79,999	3,300
$80,000 to $89,999	3,045
$90,000 to $99,999	2,630
$100,000 and over	11,540
$100,000 to $124,999	4,730
$125,000 to $149,999	2,965
$150,000 and over	3,845
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,090
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000
Average family size of economic families	3.3
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,980
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,045
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,545
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,805
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,040
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,800
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,035
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,500
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,030
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,500
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,900
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,415
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,200
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,840
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,745
0 to 17 years	20,750
0 to 5 years	6,410
18 to 64 years	72,365
65 years and over	18,630
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,835
0 to 17 years	3,575
0 to 5 years	1,210
18 to 64 years	8,085
65 years and over	3,175
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.3
0 to 17 years (%)	17.2
0 to 5 years (%)	18.8
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2
65 years and over (%)	17.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	111,745
0 to 17 years	20,745
0 to 5 years	6,405
18 to 64 years	72,365
65 years and over	18,635
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,205
0 to 17 years	1,675
0 to 5 years	610
18 to 64 years	6,535
65 years and over	985
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.2
0 to 17 years (%)	8.1
0 to 5 years (%)	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0
65 years and over (%)	5.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,745
In bottom half of the distribution	66,600
In bottom decile	14,030
In second decile	14,165
In third decile	13,930
In fourth decile	12,650
In fifth decile	11,825
In top half of the distribution	45,145
In sixth decile	11,235
In seventh decile	10,690
In eighth decile	9,790
In ninth decile	8,645
In top decile	4,785
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,745
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.294
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.449
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,785
English only	101,850
French only	135
English and French	5,375
Neither English nor French	4,425
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,785
English	105,485
French	1,095
English and French	860
Neither English nor French	4,340
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,785
Single responses	102,490
Official languages	49,310
English	48,380
French	925
Non-official languages	53,180
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	53,175
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,975
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	5
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	285
Bilen	0
Oromo	65
Somali	210
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10
Semitic languages	3,680
Amharic	460
Arabic	2,830
Aramaic languages	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	60
Hebrew	10
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	265
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	455
Khmer (Cambodian)	25
Vietnamese	435
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	8,605
Bikol	35
Bisaya, n.o.s.	115
Cebuano	250
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	170
Ilocano	675
Indonesian	75
Kankanaey	25
Kinaray-a	25
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80
Pangasinan	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,055
Waray-Waray	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50
Creole languages	170
Haitian Creole	65
Jamaican English Creole	10
Krio	0
Morisyen	35
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25
Dravidian languages	8,765
Kannada	50
Malayalam	725
Tamil	7,330
Telugu	645
Tulu	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5
Georgian	35
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	21,930
Albanian	420
Armenian	495
Balto-Slavic languages	1,710
Baltic languages	30
Latvian	25
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	1,685
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	110
Czech	60
Macedonian	600
Polish	325
Russian	215
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	250
Bosnian	25
Croatian	50
Serbian	160
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	35
Ukrainian	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	395
Frisian	0
High German languages	315
German	310
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	40
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	25
Danish	15
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	2,380
Indo-Iranian languages	13,320
Indo-Aryan languages	10,795
Assamese	5
Bengali	2,980
Gujarati	1,985
Hindi	1,340
Kacchi	50
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	50
Marathi	130
Nepali	715
Oriya languages	45
Odia	40
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	800
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	45
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	270
Urdu	2,320
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	50
Iranian languages	2,515
Baluchi	5
Kurdish	170
Parsi	5
Pashto	475
Persian languages	1,845
Dari	1,235
Iranian Persian	455
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	150
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Italic (Romance) languages	3,200
Catalan	0
Italian	945
Portuguese	450
Romanian	350
Spanish	1,450
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	145
Korean	395
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	515
Akan (Twi)	65
Bamanankan	0
Edo	20
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10
Ga	5
Ganda	10
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30
Lingala	10
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20
Shona	25
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	120
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	5
Yoruba	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	25
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20
African, n.o.s.	5
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,230
Chinese languages	7,120
Hakka	155
Mandarin	3,345
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60
Wu (Shanghainese)	65
Yue (Cantonese)	3,370
Chinese, n.o.s.	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	95
Burmese	25
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	60
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5
Tai-Kadai languages	40
Lao	10
Thai	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	490
Azerbaijani	40
Kazakh	0
Turkish	390
Uyghur	35
Uzbek	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5
Uralic languages	390
Estonian	30
Finnish	40
Hungarian	320
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	9,300
English and French	325
English and non-official language(s)	7,885
French and non-official language(s)	130
English, French and non-official language(s)	200
Multiple non-official languages	750
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,785
English	49,835
French	320
Non-official language	16,640
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	16,640
English and French	765
English and non-official language(s)	41,290
French and non-official language(s)	95
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,105
Multiple non-official languages	1,740
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,785
Single responses	100,085
Official languages	65,030
English	64,490
French	540
Non-official languages	35,055
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35,055
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,285
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	5
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	150
Bilen	0
Oromo	40
Somali	100
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10
Semitic languages	2,130
Amharic	225
Arabic	1,720
Aramaic languages	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	20
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	135
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	270
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	265
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	5,260
Bikol	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	70
Cebuano	145
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	80
Ilocano	375
Indonesian	20
Kankanaey	10
Kinaray-a	20
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	45
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,455
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25
Creole languages	100
Haitian Creole	25
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	35
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20
Dravidian languages	6,810
Kannada	20
Malayalam	475
Tamil	5,835
Telugu	470
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	20
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	13,545
Albanian	225
Armenian	350
Balto-Slavic languages	845
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	840
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	60
Czech	20
Macedonian	320
Polish	145
Russian	120
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	140
Bosnian	15
Croatian	20
Serbian	110
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	35
Frisian	0
High German languages	30
German	25
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	1,325
Indo-Iranian languages	9,015
Indo-Aryan languages	7,310
Assamese	0
Bengali	1,980
Gujarati	1,330
Hindi	910
Kacchi	20
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	10
Marathi	85
Nepali	500
Oriya languages	25
Odia	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	580
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	160
Urdu	1,655
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30
Iranian languages	1,700
Baluchi	5
Kurdish	80
Parsi	5
Pashto	355
Persian languages	1,240
Dari	835
Iranian Persian	285
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	120
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,755
Catalan	0
Italian	440
Portuguese	220
Romanian	200
Spanish	890
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	55
Korean	290
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	190
Akan (Twi)	30
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	55
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	10
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	35
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,580
Chinese languages	5,515
Hakka	75
Mandarin	2,630
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	50
Yue (Cantonese)	2,665
Chinese, n.o.s.	70
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60
Burmese	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20
Lao	0
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	350
Azerbaijani	35
Kazakh	0
Turkish	270
Uyghur	35
Uzbek	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	220
Estonian	5
Finnish	5
Hungarian	205
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	11,700
English and French	220
English and non-official language(s)	11,060
French and non-official language(s)	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	150
Multiple non-official languages	230
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,785
None	76,440
English	14,615
French	695
Non-official language	15,290
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	15,285
English and French	190
English and non-official language(s)	2,240
French and non-official language(s)	415
English, French and non-official language(s)	25
Multiple non-official languages	1,875
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,560
Official languages	107,055
English	106,905
French	5,600
Non-official languages	70,945
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	70,940
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,040
Berber languages	20
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	20
Cushitic languages	410
Bilen	0
Oromo	130
Somali	270
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	5,695
Amharic	750
Arabic	4,770
Aramaic languages	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	115
Hebrew	70
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	365
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	695
Khmer (Cambodian)	70
Vietnamese	630
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	12,165
Bikol	80
Bisaya, n.o.s.	160
Cebuano	485
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	315
Ilocano	1,120
Indonesian	120
Kankanaey	15
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175
Pangasinan	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,690
Waray-Waray	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	220
Creole languages	420
Haitian Creole	100
Jamaican English Creole	45
Krio	0
Morisyen	100
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	130
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55
Dravidian languages	12,240
Kannada	265
Malayalam	1,070
Tamil	10,240
Telugu	1,220
Tulu	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20
Georgian	30
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	31,195
Albanian	490
Armenian	500
Balto-Slavic languages	2,600
Baltic languages	30
Latvian	30
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	2,580
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	190
Czech	80
Macedonian	940
Polish	495
Russian	555
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	415
Bosnian	50
Croatian	140
Serbian	275
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	45
Slovene (Slovenian)	40
Ukrainian	80
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	740
Frisian	0
High German languages	610
German	590
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	25
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95
Afrikaans	15
Dutch	70
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	45
Danish	20
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	3,500
Indo-Iranian languages	19,655
Indo-Aryan languages	16,985
Assamese	0
Bengali	3,745
Gujarati	2,995
Hindi	6,585
Kacchi	85
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	180
Marathi	365
Nepali	960
Oriya languages	105
Odia	85
Oriya, n.o.s.	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,960
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	830
Urdu	4,855
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	175
Iranian languages	3,020
Baluchi	20
Kurdish	255
Parsi	0
Pashto	615
Persian languages	2,325
Dari	1,595
Iranian Persian	685
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	175
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25
Italic (Romance) languages	4,515
Catalan	0
Italian	1,405
Portuguese	585
Romanian	335
Spanish	2,400
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25
Japanese	330
Korean	430
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,190
Akan (Twi)	55
Bamanankan	0
Edo	30
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	30
Ganda	40
Gikuyu	15
Igbo	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80
Lingala	55
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35
Shona	30
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	480
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	305
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	80
Nilo-Saharan languages	50
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50
African, n.o.s.	20
Sign languages	105
American Sign Language	90
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,720
Chinese languages	8,605
Hakka	220
Mandarin	4,995
Min Dong	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	185
Wu (Shanghainese)	100
Yue (Cantonese)	4,735
Chinese, n.o.s.	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	105
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	90
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10
Tai-Kadai languages	70
Lao	20
Thai	55
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	705
Azerbaijani	20
Kazakh	20
Turkish	625
Uyghur	20
Uzbek	25
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	490
Estonian	30
Finnish	55
Hungarian	410
Other languages, n.i.e.	25
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,560
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	705
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	675
First Nations (North American Indian)	440
Métis	220
Inuk (Inuit)	15
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15
Non-Indigenous identity	110,850
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,560
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	140
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	111,420
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	40,560
Owner	23,045
Renter	17,520
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	40,560
Condominium	10,250
Not condominium	30,315
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	40,560
No bedrooms	435
1 bedroom	7,890
2 bedrooms	12,195
3 bedrooms	11,895
4 or more bedrooms	8,145
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	40,560
1 to 4 rooms	19,505
5 rooms	6,585
6 rooms	4,685
7 rooms	3,390
8 or more rooms	6,390
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.0
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	40,560
One person or fewer per room	36,705
More than one person per room	3,860
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	40,560
Suitable	33,075
Not suitable	7,480
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	40,560
1960 or before	14,470
1961 to 1980	13,315
1981 to 1990	2,880
1991 to 2000	3,590
2001 to 2005	2,260
2006 to 2010	1,550
2011 to 2015	1,305
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,195
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	40,560
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	37,815
Major repairs needed	2,745
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	40,560
One-maintainer household	20,635
Two-maintainer household	15,610
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,310
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	40,560
15 to 24 years	935
25 to 34 years	4,365
35 to 44 years	6,650
45 to 54 years	7,855
55 to 64 years	9,150
65 to 74 years	6,155
75 to 84 years	3,635
85 years and over	1,810
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	40,280
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,110
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,165
30% to less than 100%	11,010
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	40,560
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	19,215
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,630
Not suitable only	5,225
Major repairs needed only	1,360
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,615
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	740
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	460
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	185
Acceptable housing	21,345
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,125
In core need	8,710
Not in core need	30,415
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,040
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.0
% in core housing need⁶³	13.5
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,520
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,668
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	794,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,515
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.8
% in core housing need⁶³	34.0
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,280
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,338
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,555
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	195
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	195
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	150
Métis single ancestry	45
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	745
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	730
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	535
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	110,615
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,560
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	90,505
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,110
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	72,390
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	21,060
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,560
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	43,560
Immigrants⁸¹	61,670
Before 1980	8,400
1980 to 1990	6,505
1991 to 2000	14,715
2001 to 2010	16,050
2011 to 2021⁸²	16,000
2011 to 2015	7,240
2016 to 2021	8,760
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,330
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	61,665
Under 5 years	4,020
5 to 14 years	9,200
15 to 24 years	11,630
25 to 44 years	29,900
45 years and over	6,915
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	61,665
Americas	8,625
Brazil	100
Colombia	145
El Salvador	125
Guyana	2,730
Haiti	75
Jamaica	1,975
Mexico	180
Peru	50
Trinidad and Tobago	1,125
United States of America	590
Other places of birth in Americas	1,525
Europe	7,000
Bosnia and Herzegovina	70
Croatia	90
France	50
Germany	330
Greece	1,880
Hungary	205
Italy	750
Netherlands	55
Poland	395
Portugal	215
Romania	290
Russian Federation	135
Serbia⁸⁶	105
Ukraine	95
United Kingdom⁸⁷	970
Other places of birth in Europe	1,365
Africa	3,200
Algeria	65
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	90
Egypt	305
Eritrea	215
Ethiopia	685
Morocco	135
Nigeria	220
Somalia	215
South Africa, Republic of	40
Other places of birth in Africa	1,235
Asia	42,745
Afghanistan	1,350
Iran⁸⁸	525
Iraq	495
Lebanon	830
Syria⁸⁹	815
Turkey	235
China⁹⁰	4,265
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,350
Korea, South⁹²	345
Taiwan	135
Philippines	11,515
Viet Nam	660
Bangladesh	2,590
India	6,190
Pakistan	2,265
Sri Lanka	6,445
Other places of birth in Asia	2,740
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	105
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	8,760
Americas	650
Brazil	35
Colombia	40
Haiti	0
Jamaica	140
Mexico	35
United States of America	115
Venezuela⁹⁵	15
Other places of birth in Americas	260
Europe	375
France	0
Germany	30
Ireland⁹⁶	10
Italy	10
Russian Federation	20
Ukraine	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25
Other places of birth in Europe	265
Africa	685
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20
Côte d'Ivoire	15
Egypt	50
Eritrea	75
Ethiopia	105
Morocco	30
Nigeria	110
Somalia	30
South Africa, Republic of	10
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	10
Other places of birth in Africa	185
Asia	7,035
Afghanistan	400
Bangladesh	360
China⁹⁰	495
Hong Kong⁹¹	55
India	2,215
Iran⁸⁸	90
Iraq	125
Israel	15
Japan	0
Jordan	15
Korea, South⁹²	25
Lebanon	100
Nepal	250
Pakistan	240
Philippines	1,360
Saudi Arabia	170
Sri Lanka	395
Syria⁸⁹	520
Turkey	75
United Arab Emirates	25
Viet Nam	20
Other places of birth in Asia	95
Oceania and other⁹³	20
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,560
First generation¹⁰⁰	68,765
Second generation¹⁰¹	28,815
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,980
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	53,270
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	24,300
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,200
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	13,105
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	17,835
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10,085
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	1,050
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	53,270
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	6,050
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,950
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	560
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,455
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	240
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	39,015
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,560
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	83,025
South Asian	31,780
Chinese	8,890
Black	11,060
Filipino	14,645
Arab	3,765
Latin American	1,840
Southeast Asian	1,340
West Asian	2,960
Korean	475
Japanese	330
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	2,630
Multiple visible minorities	3,310
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	28,530
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,560
Canadian	6,480
English	5,830
Irish	4,925
Scottish	4,505
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,875
German	2,115
Chinese	9,685
Italian	3,000
Indian (India)	11,655
Ukrainian	620
Dutch	585
Polish	1,060
Québécois	30
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,740
Filipino	13,580
French Canadian	275
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	710
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	275
Métis	240
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	635
Russian	425
Norwegian	175
Welsh	405
Portuguese	1,315
American	320
Spanish	1,640
Swedish	90
Hungarian	540
Acadian	80
Pakistani	2,795
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,255
Jewish	150
Punjabi	440
Vietnamese	715
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,635
Greek	4,120
Jamaican	2,545
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,380
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50
Korean	525
Romanian	385
Lebanese	1,135
Iranian	475
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	680
Danish	145
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	130
Sikh	130
Austrian	140
Belgian	60
Haitian	130
Hindu	2,255
Mexican	335
Mennonite	10
Swiss	155
Finnish	155
Sri Lankan	5,525
Croatian	130
Japanese	400
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,175
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	75
Muslim	1,190
Egyptian	425
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	400
Tamil	4,610
Icelandic	25
Colombian	235
Moroccan	185
Czech	95
Syrian	465
Guyanese	2,170
Afghan	1,875
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,025
Serbian	205
Ojibway	65
Newfoundlander	150
Hong Konger	370
Ontarian	115
Persian	360
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	890
Turkish	445
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15
Bangladeshi	2,375
Algerian	120
Brazilian	150
Nigerian	305
Armenian	575
Slovak	75
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70
Somali	405
Taiwanese	160
Iraqi	330
Salvadorean	175
African Caribbean	620
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	690
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	245
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	880
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	905
Lithuanian	70
South African	55
Australian	75
Palestinian	270
Chilean	60
Congolese	70
Nova Scotian	75
Ethiopian	525
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	125
Peruvian	105
Yoruba	195
Cambodian (Khmer)	65
Berber	10
Albanian	615
Maltese	60
Macedonian	1,010
Slovenian	70
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70
New Brunswicker	20
Gujarati	365
Eritrean	325
African Canadian	265
Israeli	45
Mohawk	75
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40
Bulgarian	195
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	80
Barbadian	385
African American	205
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	120
Tunisian	65
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85
Cuban	100
Bosnian	45
Venezuelan	50
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	60
Bengali	840
Cameroonian	35
Guatemalan	55
Indonesian	160
Laotian	40
Ilocano	335
Northern Irish	95
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	100
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	55
Estonian	60
Kurdish	270
Fijian	45
Jatt	50
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25
Coptic	80
Thai	45
Dominican	75
Nepali	705
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	55
Igbo	60
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15
New Zealander	20
Sudanese	140
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10
Malaysian	90
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	70
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	145
Ivorian	35
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	25
Tigrinya	75
Nicaraguan	50
Mauritian	25
Kenyan	110
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	285
Jordanian	25
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	50
Grenadian	120
Malayali	120
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	130
Mayan	50
Honduran	25
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	235
Flemish	20
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	15
Azerbaijani	45
Sicilian	55
Pashtun	80
Malay	215
Goan	85
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	45
Tibetan	95
Zimbabwean	40
Burmese	10
Mongolian	25
Azorean	10
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	300
Ugandan	80
Oromo	145
Tanzanian	80
Yemeni	125
Central African	0
Libyan	35
Basque	0
Uruguayan	30
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	35
Igorot	55
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	85
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	130
Roma	40
Costa Rican	20
African Nova Scotian	80
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	20
Singaporean	25
Karen	0
Edo	20
Tajik	150
Amhara	185
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,560
Buddhist	1,820
Christian	53,500
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,115
Anabaptist	30
Anglican	2,025
Baptist	1,140
Catholic	26,460
Christian Orthodox	6,315
Jehovah's Witness	320
Latter Day Saints	100
Lutheran	400
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	335
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,670
Presbyterian	865
Reformed	30
United Church	1,500
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,185
Hindu	15,505
Jewish	120
Muslim	19,375
Sikh	710
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25
Other religions and spiritual traditions	580
No religion and secular perspectives	19,930
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,525
Non-movers	100,410
Movers	10,110
Non-migrants	7,435
Migrants	2,675
Internal migrants	1,240
Intraprovincial migrants	960
Interprovincial migrants	280
External migrants	1,435
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	106,395
Non-movers	71,635
Movers	34,755
Non-migrants	19,780
Migrants	14,980
Internal migrants	4,380
Intraprovincial migrants	3,500
Interprovincial migrants	880
External migrants	10,600
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,590
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,970
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,620
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,385
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,655
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,725
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,595
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,805
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	27,495
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,290
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,080
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,725
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,180
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,555
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,310
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,045
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,210
Bachelor's degree	18,920
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,820
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	495
Master's degree	5,555
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	430
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,385
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,935
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,430
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,025
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,980
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,485
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,505
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	985
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,320
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,170
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,045
Bachelor's degree	14,955
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,405
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	440
Master's degree	4,900
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	350
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,595
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	44,300
Education	2,350
13. Education	2,350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,445
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185
50. Visual and performing arts	1,260
Humanities	2,515
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	310
23. English language and literature/letters	610
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	890
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	190
39. Theology and religious vocations	150
54. History	275
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,320
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	550
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,060
22. Legal professions and studies	680
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105
42. Psychology	745
45. Social sciences	2,100
Business, management and public administration	12,905
30.16 Accounting and computer science	55
44. Public administration and social service professions	925
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,930
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,015
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	630
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100
40. Physical sciences	630
41. Science technologies/technicians	145
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,670
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,070
25. Library science	100
27. Mathematics and statistics	440
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	65
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,580
04. Architecture and related services	490
14. Engineering	4,350
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,955
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,005
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,225
48. Precision production	555
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	560
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	405
03. Natural resources and conservation	160
Health and related fields	7,370
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	265
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,025
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,040
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,255
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	470
49. Transportation and materials moving	300
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,380
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,360
Education	1,585
13. Education	1,585
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,065
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100
50. Visual and performing arts	960
Humanities	1,890
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	225
23. English language and literature/letters	475
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	690
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	140
39. Theology and religious vocations	85
54. History	200
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,365
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	470
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	850
22. Legal professions and studies	580
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85
42. Psychology	560
45. Social sciences	1,735
Business, management and public administration	10,170
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40
44. Public administration and social service professions	710
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,415
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,825
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	755
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	460
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65
40. Physical sciences	465
41. Science technologies/technicians	85
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,115
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,665
25. Library science	70
27. Mathematics and statistics	345
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,220
04. Architecture and related services	335
14. Engineering	3,540
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,445
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	670
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	885
48. Precision production	335
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	425
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	300
03. Natural resources and conservation	120
Health and related fields	5,825
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	205
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,545
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,540
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	930
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	375
49. Transportation and materials moving	230
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,380
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,360
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	39,025
Location of study inside Canada	21,535
Same as province or territory of residence	20,750
Different than province or territory of residence	785
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	17,485
Americas	1,425
United States of America	620
Mexico	85
Cuba	25
Haiti	0
Jamaica	140
Brazil	60
Colombia	70
Peru	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	35
Other locations of study in Americas	365
Europe	1,350
Belgium	0
France	60
Germany	80
Netherlands	15
Switzerland	25
Hungary	30
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	85
Romania	120
Russian Federation	105
Ukraine	35
Ireland⁹⁶	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	370
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15
Italy	40
Serbia⁸⁶	25
Other locations of study in Europe	325
Africa	760
Nigeria	190
Algeria	20
Morocco	40
Tunisia	35
Egypt	130
South Africa, Republic of	25
Other locations of study in Africa	315
Asia	13,825
Iran⁸⁸	130
Iraq	110
Israel	10
Lebanon	210
Syria⁸⁹	125
Turkey	120
China⁹⁰	1,155
Taiwan	50
Hong Kong⁹¹	125
Japan	60
Korea, South⁹²	75
Philippines	4,435
Viet Nam	30
Bangladesh	1,055
Sri Lanka	620
India	4,025
Pakistan	765
Other locations of study in Asia	720
Oceania	130
Australia	115
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,595
In the labour force	56,025
Employed	47,210
Unemployed	8,820
Not in the labour force	38,565
Participation rate	59.2
Employment rate	49.9
Unemployment rate	15.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,595
Did not work¹⁸⁶	41,525
Worked	53,070
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,570
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,495
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	56,030
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,530
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,495
Employee	47,280
Permanent position	39,185
Temporary position	8,095
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,095
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,000
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,210
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	56,030
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,530
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,495
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	200
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,655
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,240
3 Health occupations	4,330
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,715
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,210
6 Sales and service occupations	16,015
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,410
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	380
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,345
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	56,030
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,530
All industries¹⁹¹	53,495
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	90
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	55
22 Utilities	225
23 Construction	2,945
31-33 Manufacturing	4,845
41 Wholesale trade	1,730
44-45 Retail trade	6,220
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,360
51 Information and cultural industries	1,500
52 Finance and insurance	4,040
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,270
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,475
55 Management of companies and enterprises	235
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,820
61 Educational services	3,175
62 Health care and social assistance	7,080
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	670
72 Accommodation and food services	4,030
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,125
91 Public administration	1,595
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	59,330
English	54,530
French	135
Non-official language	755
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	755
English and French	635
English and non-official language(s)	3,120
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65
Multiple non-official languages	80
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	59,330
Single responses	58,575
Official languages	57,160
English	56,950
French	205
Non-official languages	1,415
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,415
Afro-Asiatic languages	70
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	65
Amharic	0
Arabic	65
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	75
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	155
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	150
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	310
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	15
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	10
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	165
Indo-Aryan languages	150
Bengali	25
Gujarati	40
Hindi	15
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	65
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	15
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	90
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	20
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	745
Chinese languages	745
Hakka	0
Mandarin	420
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	325
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	760
English and French	130
English and non-official language(s)	600
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	15
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	59,330
None	56,085
English	590
French	440
Non-official language	1,830
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,830
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	70
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	260
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,205
Worked at home	11,590
Worked outside Canada	165
No fixed workplace address	6,405
Usual place of work	29,050
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,050
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,140
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,875
Commute to a different province or territory	35
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	35,450
Car, truck or van	22,775
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,890
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,880
Public transit	10,310
Walked	1,365
Bicycle	135
Other method	865
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	35,450
Less than 15 minutes	6,045
15 to 29 minutes	9,745
30 to 44 minutes	9,460
45 to 59 minutes	4,595
60 minutes and over	5,615
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	35,450
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,325
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,390
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,290
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,630
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,015
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,810
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,190
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,885
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,310
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,550
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,505
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,080
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	430
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,040

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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