Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Scarborough--Rouge ParkMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	102,254	...	...
Population, 2016¹	102,275	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	33,675	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	32,433	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,920.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	53.23	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	102,255	49,465	52,785
0 to 14 years	15,155	7,790	7,370
0 to 4 years	4,405	2,265	2,140
5 to 9 years	5,085	2,590	2,500
10 to 14 years	5,670	2,935	2,730
15 to 64 years	67,410	32,660	34,755
15 to 19 years	6,015	3,090	2,925
20 to 24 years	7,660	4,035	3,625
25 to 29 years	7,535	3,980	3,555
30 to 34 years	6,210	3,005	3,210
35 to 39 years	5,965	2,825	3,140
40 to 44 years	5,845	2,750	3,095
45 to 49 years	6,155	2,775	3,380
50 to 54 years	6,855	3,120	3,735
55 to 59 years	7,815	3,605	4,205
60 to 64 years	7,360	3,465	3,895
65 years and over	19,685	9,020	10,660
65 to 69 years	6,310	3,020	3,290
70 to 74 years	5,430	2,520	2,910
75 to 79 years	3,680	1,650	2,025
80 to 84 years	2,280	1,030	1,245
85 years and over	1,990	800	1,190
85 to 89 years	1,215	555	660
90 to 94 years	575	200	370
95 to 99 years	170	35	135
100 years and over	30	10	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.7	14.0
15 to 64 years	65.9	66.0	65.8
65 years and over	19.3	18.2	20.2
85 years and over	1.9	1.6	2.3
Average age of the population	42.1	41.0	43.3
Median age of the population	42.0	40.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	32,435	...	...
Single-detached house	17,760	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,865	...	...
Row house	4,585	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,890	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,205	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,065	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	32,430	...	...
1 person	5,200	...	...
2 persons	8,495	...	...
3 persons	6,260	...	...
4 persons	6,435	...	...
5 or more persons	6,040	...	...
Number of persons in private households	101,720	49,260	52,460
Average household size	3.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	87,095	41,680	45,415
Married or living common-law	46,495	23,185	23,315
Married	43,225	21,550	21,675
Living common-law	3,270	1,635	1,635
Living common law - Never married	2,235	1,105	1,130
Living common law - Separated	170	95	75
Living common law - Divorced	790	400	385
Living common law - Widowed	80	35	45
Not married and not living common-law	40,595	18,495	22,100
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,470	15,380	14,085
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,355	860	1,490
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,145	1,345	2,795
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,635	905	3,725
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,550	...	...
2 persons	11,450	...	...
3 persons	7,135	...	...
4 persons	6,730	...	...
5 or more persons	3,235	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,550	...	...
Total couple families	22,415	...	...
Married couples	20,780	...	...
With children⁶	13,630	...	...
Without children	7,150	...	...
Common-law couples	1,640	...	...
With children⁶	790	...	...
Without children	845	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,135	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,095	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,040	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	101,720	49,260	52,460
Total - Persons in census families	88,365	43,395	44,970
Married spouses or common-law partners	44,830	22,410	22,420
Parents in one-parent families	6,135	1,045	5,095
Children⁶	37,400	19,945	17,455
In a two-parent family	27,300	14,500	12,805
In a one-parent family	10,100	5,440	4,655
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,355	5,865	7,495
Living alone	5,200	2,130	3,075
Living with other relatives⁷	4,185	1,435	2,755
Living with non-relatives only	3,960	2,300	1,665
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	32,435	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,445	...	...
Couple-family households	16,610	...	...
With children⁶	10,895	...	...
Without children	5,710	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,835	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	3,200	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	620	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,740	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,220	...	...
One-person households	5,205	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	86,580	41,480	45,100
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,360	39,315	43,045
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	39,200	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,385	39,335	43,050
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	35,600	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,685	34,470	36,215
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,600	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,600	28,865	28,735
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,000	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,500	36,215	40,285
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	8,600	11,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,260	3,565	4,690
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,850	14,315	14,530
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	86,445	41,545	44,905
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,270	39,475	42,795
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,840	51,650	44,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,295	39,500	42,795
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,840	43,280	38,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,625	34,620	36,000
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,320	48,120	38,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,475	28,960	28,515
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,040	49,160	40,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,470	36,315	40,155
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,450	10,250	12,530
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,185	3,520	4,675
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,440	5,960	6,790
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,630	14,385	14,245
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,060	9,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	86,450	41,545	44,905
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,100	13,830	12,270
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600	64,000	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,700	76,000	66,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,760	10,420	11,340
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	17,200	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	28,360	23,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.8	81.8	73.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	69.8	61.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.2	18.3	26.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.1	7.6	8.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.3	7.1	7.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	86,580	41,485	45,095
Without total income	4,215	2,170	2,050
With total income	82,360	39,320	43,045
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,675	3,410	4,265
$10,000 to $19,999	10,840	5,095	5,745
$20,000 to $29,999	14,400	6,620	7,785
$30,000 to $39,999	11,040	4,950	6,090
$40,000 to $49,999	8,825	3,990	4,835
$50,000 to $59,999	7,320	3,325	3,995
$60,000 to $69,999	5,525	2,635	2,895
$70,000 to $79,999	4,230	2,145	2,080
$80,000 to $89,999	3,005	1,610	1,395
$90,000 to $99,999	2,465	1,395	1,075
$100,000 and over	7,035	4,145	2,885
$100,000 to $149,999	5,190	2,885	2,305
$150,000 and over	1,845	1,265	580
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	86,580	41,485	45,095
Without after-tax income	4,195	2,150	2,050
With after-tax income	82,385	39,335	43,050
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,885	3,500	4,390
$10,000 to $19,999	11,350	5,350	6,000
$20,000 to $29,999	16,120	7,385	8,735
$30,000 to $39,999	12,570	5,755	6,815
$40,000 to $49,999	10,210	4,680	5,530
$50,000 to $59,999	7,700	3,660	4,045
$60,000 to $69,999	5,270	2,605	2,660
$70,000 to $79,999	3,655	2,000	1,655
$80,000 to $89,999	2,915	1,440	1,475
$90,000 to $99,999	1,610	925	685
$100,000 and over	3,105	2,035	1,065
$100,000 to $124,999	1,790	1,130	660
$125,000 and over	1,310	905	405
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	86,580	41,485	45,095
Without employment income	28,980	12,620	16,360
With employment income	57,600	28,865	28,735
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,165	4,425	4,735
$5,000 to $9,999	5,600	2,600	2,995
$10,000 to $19,999	6,615	3,150	3,470
$20,000 to $29,999	4,900	2,300	2,600
$30,000 to $39,999	5,115	2,525	2,590
$40,000 to $49,999	5,015	2,365	2,650
$50,000 to $59,999	4,790	2,325	2,460
$60,000 to $69,999	3,780	1,910	1,870
$70,000 to $79,999	2,895	1,540	1,355
$80,000 to $89,999	2,245	1,255	990
$90,000 to $99,999	2,075	1,120	950
$100,000 and over	5,410	3,355	2,055
$100,000 to $124,999	2,870	1,595	1,275
$125,000 and over	2,540	1,755	780
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	86,580	41,480	45,100
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,390	38,280	42,110
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	37,200	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,405	38,285	42,125
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	34,000	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,915	34,125	35,790
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,600	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,960	29,070	28,890
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,200	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,925	33,955	37,975
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,160	1,030	4,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,500	1,665	2,830
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,440	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	86,445	41,545	44,905
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,250	38,405	41,840
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,480	48,440	40,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,265	38,410	41,855
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,880	40,520	35,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,835	34,380	35,450
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,760	48,400	39,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,990	29,420	28,570
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,960	48,760	41,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,940	34,065	37,885
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,140	5,770	8,370
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,615	1,730	2,885
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,310	6,245	7,940
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	86,450	41,545	44,905
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,965	13,760	12,205
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	60,800	54,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,000	71,300	62,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,425	9,900	10,525
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	24,800	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,360	34,000	28,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.6	89.4	81.4
Employment income (%)	73.0	77.2	68.6
Government transfers (%)	14.4	10.6	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	32,435	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,205	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,230	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	32,315	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	121,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,155	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,160	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	32,435	...	...
Under $5,000	190	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	255	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	350	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	825	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	655	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	775	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	800	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	840	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	870	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,880	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,980	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,935	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,835	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,175	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,335	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,495	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,835	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,510	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	32,435	...	...
Under $5,000	225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	260	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	380	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	845	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	755	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	880	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	890	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	965	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,050	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,230	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,305	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,320	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,295	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,150	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,745	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,725	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,585	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,440	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,635	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,065	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,430	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,055	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,170	4,430	4,740
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	31,400	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	29,800	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,485	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	133,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,150	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,475	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,910	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,385	4,385	4,995
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,680	42,280	43,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,000	36,240	37,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	101,725	49,260	52,465
0 to 17 years	18,600	9,580	9,020
0 to 5 years	5,340	2,720	2,620
18 to 64 years	63,810	30,770	33,040
65 years and over	19,315	8,910	10,405
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,880	3,700	4,185
0 to 17 years	1,980	1,035	940
0 to 5 years	625	320	305
18 to 64 years	4,095	1,950	2,145
65 years and over	1,810	715	1,095
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.8	7.5	8.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.6	10.8	10.4
0 to 5 years (%)	11.7	11.8	11.7
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	6.3	6.5
65 years and over (%)	9.4	8.0	10.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	101,720	49,260	52,460
0 to 17 years	18,600	9,580	9,020
0 to 5 years	5,335	2,720	2,615
18 to 64 years	63,810	30,770	33,040
65 years and over	19,310	8,910	10,400
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,990	2,610	2,385
0 to 17 years	900	480	420
0 to 5 years	275	145	130
18 to 64 years	3,515	1,890	1,625
65 years and over	580	240	340
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.9	5.3	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	5.0	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	5.2	5.3	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5	6.1	4.9
65 years and over (%)	3.0	2.7	3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	101,720	49,260	52,465
In bottom half of the distribution	44,085	21,130	22,955
In bottom decile	7,675	3,760	3,915
In second decile	8,395	3,975	4,415
In third decile	8,840	4,250	4,590
In fourth decile	8,895	4,280	4,615
In fifth decile	10,285	4,860	5,425
In top half of the distribution	57,635	28,130	29,510
In sixth decile	10,825	5,110	5,710
In seventh decile	11,880	5,805	6,080
In eighth decile	12,145	5,915	6,225
In ninth decile	12,855	6,300	6,550
In top decile	9,935	4,995	4,935
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	101,720	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.419	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.257	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	101,780	49,305	52,480
English only	93,605	46,040	47,565
French only	90	45	45
English and French	5,420	2,295	3,130
Neither English nor French	2,665	925	1,735
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	101,780	49,305	52,480
English	97,595	47,680	49,915
French	870	405	470
English and French	685	310	375
Neither English nor French	2,635	910	1,720
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	101,780	49,305	52,480
Single responses	94,710	45,930	48,780
Official languages	56,925	27,880	29,045
English	56,180	27,545	28,635
French	750	335	415
Non-official languages	37,785	18,050	19,730
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	37,780	18,045	19,730
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,370	680	685
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	5	5
Hausa	5	5	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	210	100	100
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	25	10	15
Somali	185	90	90
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,150	575	575
Amharic	310	150	165
Arabic	640	330	310
Aramaic languages	5	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	90	45	45
Hebrew	5	5	0
Maltese	5	5	5
Tigrigna	90	45	45
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310	125	180
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5
Vietnamese	300	125	175
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5,160	2,230	2,925
Bikol	20	10	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	20	20
Cebuano	110	45	60
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	70	25	50
Ilocano	315	125	190
Indonesian	40	20	20
Kankanaey	10	5	0
Kinaray-a	10	5	5
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	55	30	25
Pangasinan	30	10	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,410	1,915	2,495
Waray-Waray	5	5	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20
Creole languages	160	75	85
Haitian Creole	60	25	35
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5
Krio	5	5	5
Morisyen	20	10	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	20	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15
Dravidian languages	11,910	5,745	6,170
Kannada	35	20	15
Malayalam	840	465	370
Tamil	10,800	5,125	5,675
Telugu	230	130	105
Tulu	5	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	14,445	7,120	7,325
Albanian	50	20	25
Armenian	90	45	45
Balto-Slavic languages	1,545	705	835
Baltic languages	25	5	20
Latvian	15	5	15
Lithuanian	5	5	0
Slavic languages	1,515	695	815
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	35	15	15
Czech	125	50	75
Macedonian	400	190	210
Polish	515	245	270
Russian	185	75	115
Rusyn	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	115	60	55
Bosnian	10	10	5
Croatian	40	20	20
Serbian	60	30	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	25
Ukrainian	75	40	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5
Irish	5	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	455	210	245
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	310	135	170
German	300	135	165
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120	60	60
Afrikaans	10	10	5
Dutch	100	45	55
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5
Scandinavian languages	30	10	15
Danish	10	10	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5
Swedish	10	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	375	185	190
Indo-Iranian languages	9,685	4,885	4,805
Indo-Aryan languages	8,735	4,420	4,315
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	1,980	1,000	980
Gujarati	1,440	740	700
Hindi	970	525	445
Kacchi	60	25	30
Kashmiri	10	5	0
Konkani	55	25	25
Marathi	85	45	45
Nepali	55	25	25
Oriya languages	10	5	10
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,500	765	735
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	355	170	190
Urdu	2,175	1,070	1,110
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15
Iranian languages	950	460	485
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	145	70	75
Persian languages	780	375	400
Dari	510	240	270
Iranian Persian	170	90	85
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	100	50	50
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,240	1,070	1,170
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	740	350	390
Portuguese	390	175	210
Romanian	225	120	100
Spanish	880	420	460
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	55	20	35
Korean	200	80	125
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	430	195	235
Akan (Twi)	65	30	30
Bamanankan	5	5	5
Edo	25	10	15
Éwé	5	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0
Ganda	25	15	10
Gikuyu	5	0	5
Igbo	35	15	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5
Lingala	20	5	10
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	5	5	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	20	10	10
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	40	10	25
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	5	0	0
Yoruba	125	55	65
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,240	1,530	1,710
Chinese languages	3,210	1,520	1,695
Hakka	100	40	55
Mandarin	1,145	545	605
Min Dong	10	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	40	45
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15
Yue (Cantonese)	1,815	860	955
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	10	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	20
Burmese	5	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	15	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25
Lao	15	5	5
Thai	25	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	105	55	50
Azerbaijani	5	5	5
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	85	45	40
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	5	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Uralic languages	330	160	175
Estonian	80	20	60
Finnish	40	15	25
Hungarian	215	115	95
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Multiple responses	7,070	3,375	3,700
English and French	335	155	180
English and non-official language(s)	6,120	2,945	3,180
French and non-official language(s)	90	45	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	55	85
Multiple non-official languages	390	170	220
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	101,780	49,305	52,480
English	56,805	27,790	29,015
French	255	125	130
Non-official language	11,080	5,115	5,965
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	11,080	5,115	5,960
English and French	820	370	445
English and non-official language(s)	31,065	15,120	15,940
French and non-official language(s)	65	25	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	920	410	505
Multiple non-official languages	785	345	435
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	101,780	49,305	52,480
Single responses	93,115	45,080	48,030
Official languages	69,040	33,635	35,410
English	68,655	33,445	35,205
French	390	185	205
Non-official languages	24,075	11,450	12,620
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,070	11,450	12,620
Afro-Asiatic languages	690	325	360
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	5	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	85	40	45
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	10	5	10
Somali	75	40	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	600	285	310
Amharic	145	65	80
Arabic	340	165	175
Aramaic languages	5	0	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	40	15	25
Hebrew	5	5	0
Maltese	5	0	5
Tigrigna	60	30	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	80	110
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	190	80	105
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	3,030	1,370	1,660
Bikol	5	5	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Cebuano	75	35	40
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10
Ilocano	155	70	90
Indonesian	5	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	20	20
Pangasinan	10	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,685	1,210	1,475
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Creole languages	90	45	50
Haitian Creole	45	15	25
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Dravidian languages	8,960	4,225	4,735
Kannada	20	10	5
Malayalam	510	275	230
Tamil	8,310	3,870	4,435
Telugu	120	70	50
Tulu	0	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,175	3,995	4,185
Albanian	20	10	10
Armenian	50	20	25
Balto-Slavic languages	690	325	365
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	685	325	360
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	5	10
Czech	60	25	35
Macedonian	180	85	95
Polish	245	120	130
Russian	110	45	65
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	20
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	5	5
Serbian	30	20	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5
Ukrainian	20	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	40	15	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	15	20
German	30	15	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	5
Dutch	5	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	115	50	65
Indo-Iranian languages	6,305	3,110	3,195
Indo-Aryan languages	5,735	2,850	2,880
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	1,335	660	680
Gujarati	980	500	480
Hindi	570	295	275
Kacchi	35	15	20
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	5	5
Marathi	30	15	15
Nepali	25	10	20
Oriya languages	5	5	5
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,005	505	505
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	215	100	115
Urdu	1,490	725	765
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
Iranian languages	575	260	315
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	90	45	50
Persian languages	475	215	260
Dari	320	140	185
Iranian Persian	90	45	45
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	30	25
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	960	460	505
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	220	90	130
Portuguese	135	65	70
Romanian	130	70	60
Spanish	470	235	240
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15
Korean	120	55	65
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	185	85	105
Akan (Twi)	35	15	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	5	5	5
Ganda	15	10	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	15	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5
Lingala	5	5	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	5	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	70	30	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	5
American Sign Language	20	15	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,345	1,130	1,215
Chinese languages	2,325	1,120	1,205
Hakka	40	20	25
Mandarin	880	435	450
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10
Yue (Cantonese)	1,330	630	700
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10
Lao	5	0	5
Thai	10	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60	30	30
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	50	25	25
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Uralic languages	150	75	75
Estonian	25	10	25
Finnish	5	5	5
Hungarian	115	65	50
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	8,670	4,220	4,450
English and French	240	120	125
English and non-official language(s)	8,140	3,975	4,175
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	60	70
Multiple non-official languages	115	50	65
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	101,785	49,305	52,480
None	75,450	36,590	38,855
English	10,890	5,345	5,550
French	740	320	420
Non-official language	11,475	5,495	5,985
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	11,475	5,495	5,985
English and French	110	45	70
English and non-official language(s)	1,410	695	710
French and non-official language(s)	380	170	210
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	1,300	635	670
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	101,485	49,240	52,245
Official languages	98,850	48,295	50,560
English	98,775	48,245	50,530
French	5,415	2,305	3,110
Non-official languages	51,580	24,710	26,865
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	51,575	24,710	26,865
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,105	1,025	1,080
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	30	10	15
Hausa	30	10	15
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	265	115	155
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	65	25	40
Somali	200	90	110
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,880	935	945
Amharic	560	245	310
Arabic	1,205	645	565
Aramaic languages	15	0	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	85	45	35
Hebrew	25	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	145	55	90
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	490	215	275
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	480	215	270
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	7,205	3,190	4,020
Bikol	50	25	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	15
Cebuano	170	75	95
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	75	30	45
Ilocano	605	230	375
Indonesian	110	50	60
Kankanaey	20	10	10
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	110	55	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	115	60	50
Pangasinan	45	20	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,925	3,055	3,875
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	160	70	90
Creole languages	460	180	275
Haitian Creole	175	65	110
Jamaican English Creole	20	0	20
Krio	15	0	15
Morisyen	40	15	20
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	140	65	80
Creole languages, n.i.e.	85	40	40
Dravidian languages	16,145	7,940	8,200
Kannada	145	65	80
Malayalam	1,040	585	460
Tamil	14,975	7,310	7,660
Telugu	315	170	150
Tulu	20	10	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	21,230	10,390	10,835
Albanian	55	25	25
Armenian	125	65	60
Balto-Slavic languages	1,960	925	1,035
Baltic languages	40	25	20
Latvian	40	25	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,920	900	1,020
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	10	0
Czech	185	80	105
Macedonian	530	240	290
Polish	570	285	285
Russian	305	150	155
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	280	135	145
Bosnian	40	20	20
Croatian	95	45	50
Serbian	190	90	95
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	30	10	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	20	35
Ukrainian	110	45	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	745	335	410
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	585	260	325
German	585	260	325
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	70	60
Afrikaans	15	15	0
Dutch	100	50	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	45	15	30
Danish	20	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	10
Swedish	15	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	735	365	370
Indo-Iranian languages	14,735	7,365	7,370
Indo-Aryan languages	13,580	6,800	6,785
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	2,850	1,435	1,415
Gujarati	2,100	1,060	1,040
Hindi	5,080	2,555	2,525
Kacchi	65	25	35
Kashmiri	15	0	0
Konkani	195	100	95
Marathi	290	130	155
Nepali	110	55	55
Oriya languages	80	40	40
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	80	40	40
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,575	1,355	1,215
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	40	25	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,050	520	530
Urdu	3,910	1,905	2,000
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	115	60	55
Iranian languages	1,330	665	665
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	35	20	15
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	295	145	150
Persian languages	1,130	560	570
Dari	855	415	440
Iranian Persian	195	105	90
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	85	45	40
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10
Italic (Romance) languages	3,280	1,530	1,750
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	1,155	565	590
Portuguese	490	205	285
Romanian	240	135	105
Spanish	1,530	700	830
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	145	70	75
Korean	230	90	140
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,150	545	600
Akan (Twi)	190	85	100
Bamanankan	10	0	0
Edo	30	15	15
Éwé	20	15	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	50	20	30
Ganda	30	0	25
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	100	30	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	0	10
Lingala	115	65	50
Luba-Kasai	25	10	10
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	10	10	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	25	15	15
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	215	105	105
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	360	190	170
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	90	45	45
American Sign Language	80	40	40
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,885	1,870	2,015
Chinese languages	3,870	1,860	2,005
Hakka	140	55	90
Mandarin	1,915	905	1,010
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	125	75	50
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	25	25
Yue (Cantonese)	2,290	1,080	1,210
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	15
Lao	15	0	10
Thai	20	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	170	90	80
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	115	70	45
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	15	30
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	345	155	195
Estonian	80	15	60
Finnish	45	30	20
Hungarian	225	110	110
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,485	49,240	52,240
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	710	350	360
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	695	340	355
First Nations (North American Indian)	490	250	245
Métis	180	75	105
Inuk (Inuit)	25	15	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	100,780	48,890	51,885
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,485	49,240	52,240
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	180	75	105
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	101,305	49,165	52,140
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	32,315	...	...
Owner	25,650	...	...
Renter	6,660	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	32,315	...	...
Condominium	4,730	...	...
Not condominium	27,590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	32,315	...	...
No bedrooms	235	...	...
1 bedroom	2,130	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,635	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,020	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	32,315	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,320	...	...
5 rooms	5,025	...	...
6 rooms	5,010	...	...
7 rooms	4,515	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,445	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	32,315	...	...
One person or fewer per room	30,505	...	...
More than one person per room	1,810	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	32,315	...	...
Suitable	28,805	...	...
Not suitable	3,510	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	32,315	...	...
1960 or before	2,680	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,870	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,455	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,120	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,090	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,595	...	...
2011 to 2015	690	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	815	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	32,315	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	30,720	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,595	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	32,315	...	...
One-maintainer household	13,515	...	...
Two-maintainer household	14,600	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,200	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	32,315	...	...
15 to 24 years	340	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,210	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,510	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,395	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,380	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,315	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,175	...	...
85 years and over	990	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	32,265	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	24,785	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,480	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,980	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	32,315	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,255	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,415	...	...
Not suitable only	2,630	...	...
Major repairs needed only	895	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	610	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	430	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	245	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
Acceptable housing	21,065	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	31,765	...	...
In core need	4,055	...	...
Not in core need	27,705	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,655	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,802	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	905,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,665	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	23.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	29.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,362	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	101,480	49,240	52,245
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	165	80	85
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	165	80	85
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	125	60	60
Métis single ancestry	45	20	30
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	685	355	330
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	665	350	315
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	515	275	245
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	75	70
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	100,635	48,800	51,830
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	101,485	49,235	52,245
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	90,415	43,880	46,535
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,220	8,780	8,435
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	73,195	35,105	38,095
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	11,065	5,355	5,710
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	101,485	49,235	52,245
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	45,475	22,970	22,505
Immigrants⁸¹	52,660	24,415	28,250
Before 1980	10,165	4,640	5,525
1980 to 1990	8,235	3,625	4,605
1991 to 2000	14,295	6,845	7,450
2001 to 2010	12,075	5,725	6,350
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,895	3,580	4,315
2011 to 2015	4,220	1,885	2,335
2016 to 2021	3,670	1,695	1,975
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,350	1,855	1,495
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	52,655	24,415	28,245
Under 5 years	3,355	1,695	1,660
5 to 14 years	8,235	4,060	4,180
15 to 24 years	11,350	4,730	6,620
25 to 44 years	24,410	11,510	12,895
45 years and over	5,310	2,410	2,900
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	52,655	24,415	28,245
Americas	12,540	5,430	7,110
Brazil	45	15	35
Colombia	55	35	20
El Salvador	100	50	55
Guyana	4,335	2,010	2,320
Haiti	200	85	110
Jamaica	3,490	1,355	2,135
Mexico	170	80	85
Peru	70	30	35
Trinidad and Tobago	1,830	810	1,025
United States of America	490	235	250
Other places of birth in Americas	1,745	705	1,040
Europe	4,955	2,250	2,700
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	20	30
Croatia	30	10	20
France	45	10	30
Germany	320	135	190
Greece	320	165	150
Hungary	130	50	80
Italy	550	260	295
Netherlands	85	45	40
Poland	430	200	225
Portugal	265	95	170
Romania	195	100	95
Russian Federation	90	40	55
Serbia⁸⁶	105	55	55
Ukraine	75	30	40
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,380	650	725
Other places of birth in Europe	870	385	485
Africa	2,530	1,225	1,300
Algeria	55	35	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	160	90	70
Egypt	160	80	80
Eritrea	100	50	55
Ethiopia	445	205	235
Morocco	40	20	20
Nigeria	330	170	160
Somalia	135	60	80
South Africa, Republic of	65	35	30
Other places of birth in Africa	1,040	490	555
Asia	32,490	15,435	17,055
Afghanistan	655	310	345
Iran⁸⁸	210	110	95
Iraq	95	50	45
Lebanon	140	50	85
Syria⁸⁹	145	90	55
Turkey	70	40	25
China⁹⁰	1,600	710	890
Hong Kong⁹¹	915	435	480
Korea, South⁹²	170	65	100
Taiwan	80	30	45
Philippines	6,765	3,045	3,720
Viet Nam	490	205	280
Bangladesh	2,040	1,025	1,015
India	5,925	2,905	3,020
Pakistan	1,840	915	920
Sri Lanka	10,120	4,870	5,250
Other places of birth in Asia	1,250	580	670
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	150	70	85
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,670	1,695	1,975
Americas	320	175	140
Brazil	25	10	15
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	10	10	0
Jamaica	95	55	40
Mexico	15	15	0
United States of America	50	25	30
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	110	65	45
Europe	140	80	60
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	95	55	45
Africa	365	160	210
Algeria	20	15	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	10
Côte d'Ivoire	15	0	10
Egypt	45	25	25
Eritrea	50	20	30
Ethiopia	15	0	15
Morocco	10	0	0
Nigeria	100	50	50
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	10	0	10
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	85	30	55
Asia	2,845	1,275	1,570
Afghanistan	60	15	45
Bangladesh	175	90	90
China⁹⁰	105	35	70
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	1,195	570	620
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10
Iraq	30	20	10
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	100	30	75
Philippines	450	180	270
Saudi Arabia	10	0	0
Sri Lanka	475	225	250
Syria⁸⁹	100	55	45
Turkey	20	10	10
United Arab Emirates	30	10	20
Viet Nam	25	0	25
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	20
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	101,485	49,240	52,245
First generation¹⁰⁰	56,715	26,630	30,085
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,755	15,090	14,670
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,010	7,525	7,490
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	42,500	19,775	22,720
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	17,700	8,565	9,135
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	7,660	4,490	3,165
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10,040	4,080	5,960
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	15,945	6,350	9,595
Refugees¹⁰⁸	8,165	4,530	3,630
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	690	330	365
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	42,500	19,775	22,720
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	5,230	3,105	2,130
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,975	1,910	2,065
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	550	260	290
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,540	580	960
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	255	100	155
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30,950	13,820	17,130
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	101,485	49,240	52,240
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	76,755	37,075	39,680
South Asian	35,950	17,805	18,145
Chinese	4,485	2,240	2,245
Black	15,190	6,805	8,380
Filipino	9,040	4,340	4,700
Arab	965	505	465
Latin American	1,430	690	740
Southeast Asian	1,100	575	525
West Asian	1,270	660	615
Korean	280	120	155
Japanese	210	90	110
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	3,495	1,615	1,880
Multiple visible minorities	3,350	1,635	1,710
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	24,730	12,165	12,565
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	101,485	49,235	52,245
Canadian	6,975	3,495	3,485
English	7,035	3,560	3,480
Irish	5,575	2,780	2,795
Scottish	5,350	2,765	2,590
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,820	880	945
German	2,110	1,085	1,025
Chinese	5,220	2,540	2,680
Italian	2,850	1,395	1,455
Indian (India)	12,155	6,020	6,140
Ukrainian	895	420	475
Dutch	860	440	430
Polish	1,285	610	675
Québécois	60	25	35
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,575	715	850
Filipino	8,660	4,145	4,515
French Canadian	325	170	155
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	630	300	335
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	320	160	160
Métis	200	95	105
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	610	250	360
Russian	340	155	185
Norwegian	85	35	55
Welsh	510	275	240
Portuguese	1,500	715	785
American	405	220	180
Spanish	1,320	615	705
Swedish	90	35	55
Hungarian	410	215	200
Acadian	70	35	30
Pakistani	2,335	1,100	1,235
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,625	1,215	1,405
Jewish	275	140	135
Punjabi	635	345	290
Vietnamese	645	330	315
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	485	250	235
Greek	1,200	635	560
Jamaican	4,830	2,095	2,740
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,475	745	730
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15	0	0
Korean	300	130	170
Romanian	320	190	130
Lebanese	300	145	160
Iranian	255	130	130
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	585	285	300
Danish	145	95	50
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	105	70	40
Sikh	340	200	140
Austrian	195	100	100
Belgian	115	45	75
Haitian	225	95	125
Hindu	2,690	1,375	1,315
Mexican	195	105	95
Mennonite	15	10	10
Swiss	100	60	35
Finnish	235	120	115
Sri Lankan	8,610	4,240	4,370
Croatian	105	50	55
Japanese	325	155	175
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,480	1,290	1,190
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	45	10	30
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	80	25	55
Muslim	655	325	330
Egyptian	220	110	105
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	350	135	220
Tamil	7,520	3,700	3,825
Icelandic	50	30	20
Colombian	55	35	25
Moroccan	100	50	55
Czech	195	100	95
Syrian	235	110	125
Guyanese	3,355	1,635	1,725
Afghan	1,080	530	550
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,650	680	965
Serbian	145	75	70
Ojibway	60	35	20
Newfoundlander	140	60	80
Hong Konger	280	155	125
Ontarian	185	100	90
Persian	170	100	70
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,500	720	775
Turkish	130	75	55
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	2,010	1,000	1,015
Algerian	50	35	15
Brazilian	50	25	25
Nigerian	480	215	265
Armenian	170	95	75
Slovak	75	40	35
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	115	80	40
Somali	350	165	180
Taiwanese	50	35	20
Iraqi	130	75	50
Salvadorean	90	50	45
African Caribbean	1,555	650	905
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	525	230	295
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	145	80	60
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,075	460	615
Algonquin	15	10	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,420	645	775
Lithuanian	60	45	15
South African	75	35	40
Australian	25	10	15
Palestinian	75	50	25
Chilean	50	15	30
Congolese	265	160	105
Nova Scotian	30	15	20
Ethiopian	560	250	310
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	180	80	100
Peruvian	110	60	55
Yoruba	325	180	145
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	10	10
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	80	40	45
Maltese	80	40	45
Macedonian	735	380	360
Slovenian	175	85	90
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	15	20
New Brunswicker	30	10	10
Gujarati	310	150	160
Eritrean	170	60	105
African Canadian	420	205	215
Israeli	85	35	50
Mohawk	70	25	45
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	105	40	65
Bulgarian	30	25	10
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	245	120	125
Barbadian	570	245	320
African American	220	115	105
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75	30	45
Tunisian	20	15	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	45	40
Cuban	180	70	105
Bosnian	20	10	10
Venezuelan	90	40	45
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	90	60	40
Bengali	585	270	315
Cameroonian	10	10	0
Guatemalan	45	30	20
Indonesian	100	50	50
Laotian	20	0	15
Ilocano	250	115	140
Northern Irish	115	65	50
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	15	10
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	115	40	85
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0
Argentinian	85	40	45
Estonian	115	35	80
Kurdish	60	30	30
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	40	20	20
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	20	10
Coptic	20	15	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	70	15	55
Nepali	100	50	60
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	20	0	15
Igbo	135	65	65
Byelorussian	15	0	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	45	25	20
Sudanese	15	10	10
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	30	15
Malaysian	150	60	90
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	25	20
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10
Buddhist	50	20	30
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	10	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	95	40	55
Ivorian	30	10	15
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10
Burundian	15	0	10
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	55	30	25
Mauritian	50	20	30
Kenyan	50	20	30
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	205	95	110
Jordanian	10	10	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	30	30	0
Rwandan	20	10	0
Grenadian	305	125	180
Malayali	190	95	95
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	310	120	190
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	20	10	15
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	470	215	255
Flemish	25	10	20
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	10
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	45	25	25
Pashtun	55	45	15
Malay	115	60	55
Goan	215	95	120
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	15	15
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	20	15	10
Burmese	30	15	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	55	25	30
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	445	185	255
Ugandan	100	60	40
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	85	30	50
Yemeni	25	15	10
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	25	0	15
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	55	40	15
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	85	30	50
Igorot	40	20	15
Fulani	20	0	20
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	90	45	45
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	25	10	15
Telugu	25	15	10
Roma	35	15	15
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	80	45	40
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	45	30	15
Tajik	120	50	70
Amhara	90	50	40
Paraguayan	20	15	10
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	101,485	49,240	52,245
Buddhist	1,140	545	595
Christian	48,575	22,415	26,160
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,495	4,620	5,875
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	2,800	1,245	1,560
Baptist	1,200	540	660
Catholic	23,255	11,035	12,220
Christian Orthodox	2,525	1,235	1,295
Jehovah's Witness	385	165	220
Latter Day Saints	95	55	45
Lutheran	425	195	230
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	325	145	175
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,580	1,150	1,435
Presbyterian	1,140	515	620
Reformed	10	10	0
United Church	1,350	630	720
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,985	885	1,100
Hindu	20,275	10,060	10,210
Jewish	130	60	75
Muslim	12,130	5,970	6,155
Sikh	1,425	735	685
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	580	280	305
No religion and secular perspectives	17,230	9,175	8,060
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	100,740	48,855	51,885
Non-movers	93,500	45,150	48,350
Movers	7,240	3,705	3,535
Non-migrants	5,385	2,690	2,695
Migrants	1,850	1,010	835
Internal migrants	1,115	650	460
Intraprovincial migrants	1,020	580	440
Interprovincial migrants	90	70	15
External migrants	740	365	375
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	97,120	46,970	50,155
Non-movers	73,210	35,290	37,920
Movers	23,910	11,675	12,230
Non-migrants	14,380	6,955	7,425
Migrants	9,525	4,720	4,805
Internal migrants	4,020	1,935	2,080
Intraprovincial migrants	3,440	1,650	1,795
Interprovincial migrants	575	285	285
External migrants	5,510	2,780	2,730
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,450	41,545	44,905
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,960	6,715	7,240
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	72,490	34,825	37,665
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,435	25,425	28,015
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,560	2,775	2,780
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,880	22,640	25,240
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,445	41,545	44,905
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,820	6,105	6,715
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,065	12,555	12,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,560	22,880	25,680
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,295	11,215	12,075
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,640	2,360	1,275
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,020	1,210	805
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,620	1,150	470
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,660	7,485	9,170
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,995	1,370	1,630
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,270	11,665	13,605
Bachelor's degree	17,815	8,040	9,775
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,735	805	925
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	440	190	240
Master's degree	4,810	2,365	2,450
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	470	260	210
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,440	25,420	28,020
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,960	2,480	2,485
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,165	6,840	6,325
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,315	16,105	19,210
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,970	7,455	8,515
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,040	1,315	730
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,110	650	455
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	935	665	270
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,005	5,260	6,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,925	880	1,045
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,345	8,650	10,700
Bachelor's degree	13,305	5,905	7,400
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,285	530	755
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	365	160	210
Master's degree	4,030	1,875	2,150
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	360	180	180
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	86,450	41,540	44,910
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,890	18,660	19,225
Education	2,345	575	1,765
13. Education	2,345	575	1,765
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,325	685	640
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175	145	35
50. Visual and performing arts	1,145	545	605
Humanities	2,385	745	1,635
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	230	25	205
23. English language and literature/letters	555	140	415
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	995	315	675
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	75	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	80	75
54. History	255	95	155
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	15	60
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,175	1,935	4,240
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	10	70
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	510	210	300
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,220	125	1,090
22. Legal professions and studies	890	280	615
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	35	90
42. Psychology	840	185	655
45. Social sciences	2,520	1,090	1,425
Business, management and public administration	12,635	5,450	7,190
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50	15	35
44. Public administration and social service professions	810	175	630
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,780	5,265	6,520
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,805	1,185	1,620
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,140	380	760
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	755	255	500
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	130	50	85
40. Physical sciences	655	455	200
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	45	85
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,950	1,900	1,050
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,390	1,595	800
25. Library science	75	15	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	415	245	175
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	50	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,650	7,690	960
04. Architecture and related services	450	315	135
14. Engineering	3,415	2,865	555
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,875	1,695	185
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	990	965	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,340	1,310	30
48. Precision production	570	545	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	550	305	245
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	355	210	150
03. Natural resources and conservation	195	100	90
Health and related fields	6,645	1,315	5,340
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	385	205	185
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,150	1,050	5,095
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	60	55
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,075	1,080	995
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,105	345	755
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	650	455	195
49. Transportation and materials moving	310	280	35
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,435	25,420	28,020
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,120	9,315	8,805
Education	1,490	390	1,095
13. Education	1,490	390	1,095
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	985	480	505
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	75	25
50. Visual and performing arts	885	410	475
Humanities	1,685	490	1,195
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	155	15	135
23. English language and literature/letters	390	100	295
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	760	210	550
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	40	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	70	40
54. History	155	55	95
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,620	1,310	3,310
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	395	130	265
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	870	80	785
22. Legal professions and studies	715	190	525
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	25	65
42. Psychology	650	135	515
45. Social sciences	1,850	735	1,110
Business, management and public administration	9,505	3,985	5,515
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35	10	30
44. Public administration and social service professions	670	125	545
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,795	3,850	4,950
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,925	775	1,150
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	830	260	570
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	510	180	335
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	90	40	45
40. Physical sciences	405	270	135
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	25	70
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,480	1,605	875
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,055	1,375	680
25. Library science	35	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	330	175	155
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	50	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,900	5,060	840
04. Architecture and related services	330	220	115
14. Engineering	2,580	2,065	515
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,255	1,105	155
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	595	580	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	820	790	25
48. Precision production	325	310	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	340	175	165
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	190	100	95
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	75	75
Health and related fields	4,905	1,015	3,890
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255	135	125
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,540	825	3,715
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	60	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,480	815	665
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	750	245	500
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	495	335	155
49. Transportation and materials moving	235	225	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	53,435	25,420	28,020
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,120	9,315	8,805
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	35,315	16,105	19,210
Location of study inside Canada	23,665	10,715	12,950
Same as province or territory of residence	22,765	10,300	12,470
Different than province or territory of residence	900	420	485
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	11,650	5,395	6,255
Americas	1,500	755	745
United States of America	675	345	325
Mexico	40	30	15
Cuba	25	0	15
Haiti	25	10	15
Jamaica	290	125	165
Brazil	25	15	15
Colombia	15	10	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	395	210	185
Europe	1,000	520	480
Belgium	10	0	10
France	35	20	15
Germany	15	10	10
Netherlands	20	10	10
Switzerland	20	10	10
Hungary	15	10	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	60	25	35
Romania	100	45	45
Russian Federation	75	55	25
Ukraine	45	25	20
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	450	240	210
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	15
Other locations of study in Europe	100	45	55
Africa	525	245	280
Nigeria	230	105	125
Algeria	20	15	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	10	10	10
Egypt	50	20	30
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	205	95	110
Asia	8,500	3,810	4,695
Iran⁸⁸	45	10	30
Iraq	35	10	25
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	30	15	15
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	10
Turkey	35	20	10
China⁹⁰	410	200	210
Taiwan	25	0	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	20	20
Japan	10	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20
Philippines	2,685	1,045	1,640
Viet Nam	35	20	15
Bangladesh	795	365	430
Sri Lanka	790	370	420
India	2,670	1,305	1,365
Pakistan	620	300	320
Other locations of study in Asia	235	100	135
Oceania	120	60	60
Australia	95	45	50
New Zealand	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	20	15	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	86,445	41,545	44,905
In the labour force	52,015	26,655	25,360
Employed	44,200	22,865	21,335
Unemployed	7,815	3,790	4,025
Not in the labour force	34,430	14,890	19,545
Participation rate	60.2	64.2	56.5
Employment rate	51.1	55.0	47.5
Unemployment rate	15.0	14.2	15.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	86,450	41,540	44,905
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,395	16,015	20,390
Worked	50,050	25,535	24,520
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,850	14,300	12,545
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,205	11,235	11,975
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.1	40.7	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	52,015	26,655	25,365
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,255	1,080	1,170
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	49,760	25,570	24,190
Employee	43,865	21,535	22,325
Permanent position	36,530	18,130	18,395
Temporary position	7,340	3,400	3,935
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,625	1,215	1,415
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,715	2,190	2,520
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,900	4,035	1,865
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	52,015	26,655	25,365
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,255	1,080	1,170
All occupations¹⁹¹	49,760	25,570	24,190
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	335	215	120
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,250	3,610	6,645
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,865	3,590	1,270
3 Health occupations	4,085	755	3,330
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,325	1,640	3,680
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,285	650	640
6 Sales and service occupations	12,955	6,430	6,535
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,275	6,555	720
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	295	255	40
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,085	1,875	1,215
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	52,015	26,655	25,365
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,255	1,080	1,170
All industries¹⁹¹	49,760	25,570	24,190
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	85	60	25
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	20	15
22 Utilities	460	340	120
23 Construction	2,555	2,225	330
31-33 Manufacturing	4,315	2,900	1,415
41 Wholesale trade	1,420	840	580
44-45 Retail trade	5,250	2,755	2,495
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,115	2,530	585
51 Information and cultural industries	1,515	885	625
52 Finance and insurance	4,140	1,755	2,385
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,085	605	475
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,335	2,395	1,940
55 Management of companies and enterprises	310	145	170
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,330	1,885	1,450
61 Educational services	3,355	1,060	2,290
62 Health care and social assistance	6,505	1,250	5,255
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	890	490	400
72 Accommodation and food services	2,910	1,470	1,440
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,900	965	930
91 Public administration	2,255	990	1,265
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	54,785	27,915	26,870
English	51,245	26,195	25,050
French	100	55	50
Non-official language	420	210	205
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	420	210	205
English and French	645	195	450
English and non-official language(s)	2,325	1,235	1,090
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	54,785	27,915	26,870
Single responses	54,175	27,625	26,550
Official languages	53,275	27,175	26,100
English	53,075	27,085	25,990
French	200	95	110
Non-official languages	895	445	450
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	895	445	450
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	25	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	355	165	190
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0
Tamil	345	155	185
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	205	100	100
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	15	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	120	65	50
Indo-Aryan languages	120	65	50
Bengali	25	20	10
Gujarati	15	0	10
Hindi	15	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	30	10
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	25	0	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	30	30
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	20	10	15
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	270	130	145
Chinese languages	270	130	145
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	150	65	85
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	60	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	615	290	320
English and French	145	45	105
English and non-official language(s)	460	240	220
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	54,785	27,915	26,870
None	52,270	26,690	25,585
English	530	245	285
French	405	125	285
Non-official language	1,320	740	575
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,320	740	575
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	20
French and non-official language(s)	30	0	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	190	85	105
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	44,200	22,865	21,335
Worked at home	12,375	5,660	6,715
Worked outside Canada	125	80	40
No fixed workplace address	5,175	3,915	1,260
Usual place of work	26,525	13,210	13,315
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	26,530	13,210	13,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,740	9,625	11,110
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,725	3,530	2,190
Commute to a different province or territory	65	55	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	31,700	17,125	14,575
Car, truck or van	24,150	14,095	10,055
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,365	13,195	8,170
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,785	900	1,880
Public transit	6,150	2,445	3,705
Walked	485	200	290
Bicycle	65	50	15
Other method	850	340	510
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	31,700	17,125	14,575
Less than 15 minutes	4,800	2,370	2,425
15 to 29 minutes	9,000	4,785	4,220
30 to 44 minutes	8,430	4,895	3,535
45 to 59 minutes	3,960	2,260	1,700
60 minutes and over	5,510	2,815	2,695
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	31,700	17,125	14,575
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,325	1,665	655
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,220	2,935	2,285
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,890	3,575	3,315
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,005	2,835	3,175
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,720	2,440	2,280
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,545	3,675	2,870
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,020	9,785	9,230
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,575	790	780
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,450	8,995	8,455
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,285	7,365	6,920
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,270	655	620
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	900	445	455
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	375	210	165
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,015	6,710	6,305

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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