Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Scarborough--Rouge ParkMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	102,254
Population, 2016¹	102,275
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.0
Total private dwellings²	33,675
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	32,433
Population density per square kilometre	1,920.9
Land area in square kilometres	53.23
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	102,255
0 to 14 years	15,155
0 to 4 years	4,405
5 to 9 years	5,085
10 to 14 years	5,670
15 to 64 years	67,410
15 to 19 years	6,015
20 to 24 years	7,660
25 to 29 years	7,535
30 to 34 years	6,210
35 to 39 years	5,965
40 to 44 years	5,845
45 to 49 years	6,155
50 to 54 years	6,855
55 to 59 years	7,815
60 to 64 years	7,360
65 years and over	19,685
65 to 69 years	6,310
70 to 74 years	5,430
75 to 79 years	3,680
80 to 84 years	2,280
85 years and over	1,990
85 to 89 years	1,215
90 to 94 years	575
95 to 99 years	170
100 years and over	30
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8
15 to 64 years	65.9
65 years and over	19.3
85 years and over	1.9
Average age of the population	42.1
Median age of the population	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	32,435
Single-detached house	17,760
Semi-detached house	1,865
Row house	4,585
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,890
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,205
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,065
Other single-attached house	50
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	32,430
1 person	5,200
2 persons	8,495
3 persons	6,260
4 persons	6,435
5 or more persons	6,040
Number of persons in private households	101,720
Average household size	3.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	87,095
Married or living common-law	46,495
Married	43,225
Living common-law	3,270
Living common law - Never married	2,235
Living common law - Separated	170
Living common law - Divorced	790
Living common law - Widowed	80
Not married and not living common-law	40,595
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,470
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,355
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,145
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,635
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,550
2 persons	11,450
3 persons	7,135
4 persons	6,730
5 or more persons	3,235
Average size of census families	3.1
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,550
Total couple families	22,415
Married couples	20,780
With children⁶	13,630
Without children	7,150
Common-law couples	1,640
With children⁶	790
Without children	845
Total one-parent families	6,135
in which the parent is a woman+	5,095
in which the parent is a man+	1,040
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	101,720
Total - Persons in census families	88,365
Married spouses or common-law partners	44,830
Parents in one-parent families	6,135
Children⁶	37,400
In a two-parent family	27,300
In a one-parent family	10,100
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	13,355
Living alone	5,200
Living with other relatives⁷	4,185
Living with non-relatives only	3,960
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	32,435
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,445
Couple-family households	16,610
With children⁶	10,895
Without children	5,710
One-parent-family households	3,835
Multigenerational households⁸	3,200
Multiple-census-family households⁹	620
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,740
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,220
One-person households	5,205
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	86,580
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,360
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,385
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,685
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,600
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,500
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,260
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,850
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	86,445
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,270
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,295
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,625
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,475
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,470
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,185
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,630
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	86,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,100
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,760
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	86,580
Without total income	4,215
With total income	82,360
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,675
$10,000 to $19,999	10,840
$20,000 to $29,999	14,400
$30,000 to $39,999	11,040
$40,000 to $49,999	8,825
$50,000 to $59,999	7,320
$60,000 to $69,999	5,525
$70,000 to $79,999	4,230
$80,000 to $89,999	3,005
$90,000 to $99,999	2,465
$100,000 and over	7,035
$100,000 to $149,999	5,190
$150,000 and over	1,845
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	86,580
Without after-tax income	4,195
With after-tax income	82,385
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,885
$10,000 to $19,999	11,350
$20,000 to $29,999	16,120
$30,000 to $39,999	12,570
$40,000 to $49,999	10,210
$50,000 to $59,999	7,700
$60,000 to $69,999	5,270
$70,000 to $79,999	3,655
$80,000 to $89,999	2,915
$90,000 to $99,999	1,610
$100,000 and over	3,105
$100,000 to $124,999	1,790
$125,000 and over	1,310
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	86,580
Without employment income	28,980
With employment income	57,600
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,165
$5,000 to $9,999	5,600
$10,000 to $19,999	6,615
$20,000 to $29,999	4,900
$30,000 to $39,999	5,115
$40,000 to $49,999	5,015
$50,000 to $59,999	4,790
$60,000 to $69,999	3,780
$70,000 to $79,999	2,895
$80,000 to $89,999	2,245
$90,000 to $99,999	2,075
$100,000 and over	5,410
$100,000 to $124,999	2,870
$125,000 and over	2,540
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	86,580
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,390
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,405
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,915
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,960
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,925
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,500
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	86,445
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,250
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,265
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,835
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,990
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,940
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,615
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,310
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	86,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,965
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,425
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	85.6
Employment income (%)	73.0
Government transfers (%)	14.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	32,435
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,205
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,230
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	32,315
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	121,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,155
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,200
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,480
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,160
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,300
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	32,435
Under $5,000	190
$5,000 to $9,999	145
$10,000 to $14,999	255
$15,000 to $19,999	350
$20,000 to $24,999	825
$25,000 to $29,999	655
$30,000 to $34,999	775
$35,000 to $39,999	800
$40,000 to $44,999	840
$45,000 to $49,999	870
$50,000 to $59,999	1,880
$60,000 to $69,999	1,910
$70,000 to $79,999	1,980
$80,000 to $89,999	1,935
$90,000 to $99,999	1,835
$100,000 and over	17,175
$100,000 to $124,999	4,335
$125,000 to $149,999	3,495
$150,000 to $199,999	4,835
$200,000 and over	4,510
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	32,435
Under $5,000	225
$5,000 to $9,999	150
$10,000 to $14,999	260
$15,000 to $19,999	380
$20,000 to $24,999	845
$25,000 to $29,999	755
$30,000 to $34,999	880
$35,000 to $39,999	890
$40,000 to $44,999	965
$45,000 to $49,999	1,050
$50,000 to $59,999	2,230
$60,000 to $69,999	2,305
$70,000 to $79,999	2,320
$80,000 to $89,999	2,295
$90,000 to $99,999	2,150
$100,000 and over	14,745
$100,000 to $124,999	4,725
$125,000 to $149,999	3,585
$150,000 and over	6,440
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,635
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000
Average family size of economic families	3.5
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,065
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,430
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,055
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,170
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,485
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	133,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,150
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,900
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,475
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,910
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,900
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,385
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	101,725
0 to 17 years	18,600
0 to 5 years	5,340
18 to 64 years	63,810
65 years and over	19,315
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,880
0 to 17 years	1,980
0 to 5 years	625
18 to 64 years	4,095
65 years and over	1,810
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.6
0 to 5 years (%)	11.7
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4
65 years and over (%)	9.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	101,720
0 to 17 years	18,600
0 to 5 years	5,335
18 to 64 years	63,810
65 years and over	19,310
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,990
0 to 17 years	900
0 to 5 years	275
18 to 64 years	3,515
65 years and over	580
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.9
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8
0 to 5 years (%)	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5
65 years and over (%)	3.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	101,720
In bottom half of the distribution	44,085
In bottom decile	7,675
In second decile	8,395
In third decile	8,840
In fourth decile	8,895
In fifth decile	10,285
In top half of the distribution	57,635
In sixth decile	10,825
In seventh decile	11,880
In eighth decile	12,145
In ninth decile	12,855
In top decile	9,935
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	101,720
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.419
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.257
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	101,780
English only	93,605
French only	90
English and French	5,420
Neither English nor French	2,665
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	101,780
English	97,595
French	870
English and French	685
Neither English nor French	2,635
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	101,780
Single responses	94,710
Official languages	56,925
English	56,180
French	750
Non-official languages	37,785
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	37,780
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,370
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	10
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	210
Bilen	0
Oromo	25
Somali	185
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,150
Amharic	310
Arabic	640
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	90
Hebrew	5
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	90
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	310
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	300
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	5,160
Bikol	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40
Cebuano	110
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	70
Ilocano	315
Indonesian	40
Kankanaey	10
Kinaray-a	10
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	55
Pangasinan	30
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,410
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30
Creole languages	160
Haitian Creole	60
Jamaican English Creole	5
Krio	5
Morisyen	20
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25
Dravidian languages	11,910
Kannada	35
Malayalam	840
Tamil	10,800
Telugu	230
Tulu	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	14,445
Albanian	50
Armenian	90
Balto-Slavic languages	1,545
Baltic languages	25
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	1,515
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	35
Czech	125
Macedonian	400
Polish	515
Russian	185
Rusyn	5
Serbo-Croatian	115
Bosnian	10
Croatian	40
Serbian	60
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	40
Ukrainian	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	455
Frisian	0
High German languages	310
German	300
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	100
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	30
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	375
Indo-Iranian languages	9,685
Indo-Aryan languages	8,735
Assamese	0
Bengali	1,980
Gujarati	1,440
Hindi	970
Kacchi	60
Kashmiri	10
Konkani	55
Marathi	85
Nepali	55
Oriya languages	10
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,500
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	355
Urdu	2,175
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30
Iranian languages	950
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	0
Pashto	145
Persian languages	780
Dari	510
Iranian Persian	170
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	100
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,240
Catalan	0
Italian	740
Portuguese	390
Romanian	225
Spanish	880
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	55
Korean	200
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	430
Akan (Twi)	65
Bamanankan	5
Edo	25
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	10
Ganda	25
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	20
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	5
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	20
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	40
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	5
Yoruba	125
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,240
Chinese languages	3,210
Hakka	100
Mandarin	1,145
Min Dong	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80
Wu (Shanghainese)	30
Yue (Cantonese)	1,815
Chinese, n.o.s.	35
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35
Lao	15
Thai	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	105
Azerbaijani	5
Kazakh	0
Turkish	85
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	330
Estonian	80
Finnish	40
Hungarian	215
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	7,070
English and French	335
English and non-official language(s)	6,120
French and non-official language(s)	90
English, French and non-official language(s)	140
Multiple non-official languages	390
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	101,780
English	56,805
French	255
Non-official language	11,080
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	11,080
English and French	820
English and non-official language(s)	31,065
French and non-official language(s)	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	920
Multiple non-official languages	785
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	101,780
Single responses	93,115
Official languages	69,040
English	68,655
French	390
Non-official languages	24,075
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,070
Afro-Asiatic languages	690
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	5
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	85
Bilen	0
Oromo	10
Somali	75
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	600
Amharic	145
Arabic	340
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	40
Hebrew	5
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	190
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	3,030
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20
Cebuano	75
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	15
Ilocano	155
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40
Pangasinan	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,685
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	90
Haitian Creole	45
Jamaican English Creole	10
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	8,960
Kannada	20
Malayalam	510
Tamil	8,310
Telugu	120
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	8,175
Albanian	20
Armenian	50
Balto-Slavic languages	690
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	685
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	20
Czech	60
Macedonian	180
Polish	245
Russian	110
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	45
Bosnian	0
Croatian	15
Serbian	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	40
Frisian	0
High German languages	30
German	30
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	115
Indo-Iranian languages	6,305
Indo-Aryan languages	5,735
Assamese	0
Bengali	1,335
Gujarati	980
Hindi	570
Kacchi	35
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	30
Nepali	25
Oriya languages	5
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,005
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	215
Urdu	1,490
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20
Iranian languages	575
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	90
Persian languages	475
Dari	320
Iranian Persian	90
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	960
Catalan	0
Italian	220
Portuguese	135
Romanian	130
Spanish	470
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	25
Korean	120
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	185
Akan (Twi)	35
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	5
Ganda	15
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	15
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	70
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,345
Chinese languages	2,325
Hakka	40
Mandarin	880
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	15
Yue (Cantonese)	1,330
Chinese, n.o.s.	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15
Lao	5
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	60
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	50
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5
Uralic languages	150
Estonian	25
Finnish	5
Hungarian	115
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	8,670
English and French	240
English and non-official language(s)	8,140
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	130
Multiple non-official languages	115
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	101,785
None	75,450
English	10,890
French	740
Non-official language	11,475
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	11,475
English and French	110
English and non-official language(s)	1,410
French and non-official language(s)	380
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	1,300
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	101,485
Official languages	98,850
English	98,775
French	5,415
Non-official languages	51,580
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	51,575
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,105
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	30
Hausa	30
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	265
Bilen	0
Oromo	65
Somali	200
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,880
Amharic	560
Arabic	1,205
Aramaic languages	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	85
Hebrew	25
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	145
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	490
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	480
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	7,205
Bikol	50
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35
Cebuano	170
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	75
Ilocano	605
Indonesian	110
Kankanaey	20
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	110
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	115
Pangasinan	45
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,925
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	160
Creole languages	460
Haitian Creole	175
Jamaican English Creole	20
Krio	15
Morisyen	40
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	140
Creole languages, n.i.e.	85
Dravidian languages	16,145
Kannada	145
Malayalam	1,040
Tamil	14,975
Telugu	315
Tulu	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	21,230
Albanian	55
Armenian	125
Balto-Slavic languages	1,960
Baltic languages	40
Latvian	40
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	1,920
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	20
Czech	185
Macedonian	530
Polish	570
Russian	305
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	280
Bosnian	40
Croatian	95
Serbian	190
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	50
Ukrainian	110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	745
Frisian	0
High German languages	585
German	585
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130
Afrikaans	15
Dutch	100
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	45
Danish	20
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	735
Indo-Iranian languages	14,735
Indo-Aryan languages	13,580
Assamese	0
Bengali	2,850
Gujarati	2,100
Hindi	5,080
Kacchi	65
Kashmiri	15
Konkani	195
Marathi	290
Nepali	110
Oriya languages	80
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	80
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,575
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	40
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,050
Urdu	3,910
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	115
Iranian languages	1,330
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	35
Parsi	0
Pashto	295
Persian languages	1,130
Dari	855
Iranian Persian	195
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	85
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35
Italic (Romance) languages	3,280
Catalan	0
Italian	1,155
Portuguese	490
Romanian	240
Spanish	1,530
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	145
Korean	230
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,150
Akan (Twi)	190
Bamanankan	10
Edo	30
Éwé	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	50
Ganda	30
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	100
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15
Lingala	115
Luba-Kasai	25
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	25
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	215
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	360
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	105
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	90
American Sign Language	80
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,885
Chinese languages	3,870
Hakka	140
Mandarin	1,915
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	125
Wu (Shanghainese)	55
Yue (Cantonese)	2,290
Chinese, n.o.s.	35
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35
Lao	15
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	170
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	115
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	40
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	345
Estonian	80
Finnish	45
Hungarian	225
Other languages, n.i.e.	15
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,485
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	710
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	695
First Nations (North American Indian)	490
Métis	180
Inuk (Inuit)	25
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0
Non-Indigenous identity	100,780
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,485
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	180
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	101,305
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	32,315
Owner	25,650
Renter	6,660
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	32,315
Condominium	4,730
Not condominium	27,590
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	32,315
No bedrooms	235
1 bedroom	2,130
2 bedrooms	4,635
3 bedrooms	11,020
4 or more bedrooms	14,300
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	32,315
1 to 4 rooms	7,320
5 rooms	5,025
6 rooms	5,010
7 rooms	4,515
8 or more rooms	10,445
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	32,315
One person or fewer per room	30,505
More than one person per room	1,810
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	32,315
Suitable	28,805
Not suitable	3,510
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	32,315
1960 or before	2,680
1961 to 1980	9,870
1981 to 1990	8,455
1991 to 2000	5,120
2001 to 2005	3,090
2006 to 2010	1,595
2011 to 2015	690
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	815
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	32,315
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	30,720
Major repairs needed	1,595
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	32,315
One-maintainer household	13,515
Two-maintainer household	14,600
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,200
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	32,315
15 to 24 years	340
25 to 34 years	2,210
35 to 44 years	4,510
45 to 54 years	6,395
55 to 64 years	8,380
65 to 74 years	6,315
75 to 84 years	3,175
85 years and over	990
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	32,265
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	24,785
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,480
30% to less than 100%	6,980
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	32,315
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,255
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,415
Not suitable only	2,630
Major repairs needed only	895
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	610
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	430
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	245
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30
Acceptable housing	21,065
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	31,765
In core need	4,055
Not in core need	27,705
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,655
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.8
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.7
% in core housing need⁶³	8.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,802
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	905,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,665
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	23.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.7
% in core housing need⁶³	29.0
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,362
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	101,480
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	165
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	165
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	125
Métis single ancestry	45
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	685
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	665
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	515
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	100,635
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	101,485
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	90,415
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,220
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	73,195
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	11,065
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	101,485
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	45,475
Immigrants⁸¹	52,660
Before 1980	10,165
1980 to 1990	8,235
1991 to 2000	14,295
2001 to 2010	12,075
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,895
2011 to 2015	4,220
2016 to 2021	3,670
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,350
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	52,655
Under 5 years	3,355
5 to 14 years	8,235
15 to 24 years	11,350
25 to 44 years	24,410
45 years and over	5,310
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	52,655
Americas	12,540
Brazil	45
Colombia	55
El Salvador	100
Guyana	4,335
Haiti	200
Jamaica	3,490
Mexico	170
Peru	70
Trinidad and Tobago	1,830
United States of America	490
Other places of birth in Americas	1,745
Europe	4,955
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50
Croatia	30
France	45
Germany	320
Greece	320
Hungary	130
Italy	550
Netherlands	85
Poland	430
Portugal	265
Romania	195
Russian Federation	90
Serbia⁸⁶	105
Ukraine	75
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,380
Other places of birth in Europe	870
Africa	2,530
Algeria	55
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	160
Egypt	160
Eritrea	100
Ethiopia	445
Morocco	40
Nigeria	330
Somalia	135
South Africa, Republic of	65
Other places of birth in Africa	1,040
Asia	32,490
Afghanistan	655
Iran⁸⁸	210
Iraq	95
Lebanon	140
Syria⁸⁹	145
Turkey	70
China⁹⁰	1,600
Hong Kong⁹¹	915
Korea, South⁹²	170
Taiwan	80
Philippines	6,765
Viet Nam	490
Bangladesh	2,040
India	5,925
Pakistan	1,840
Sri Lanka	10,120
Other places of birth in Asia	1,250
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	150
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,670
Americas	320
Brazil	25
Colombia	0
Haiti	10
Jamaica	95
Mexico	15
United States of America	50
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	110
Europe	140
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15
Other places of birth in Europe	95
Africa	365
Algeria	20
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15
Côte d'Ivoire	15
Egypt	45
Eritrea	50
Ethiopia	15
Morocco	10
Nigeria	100
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	10
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	85
Asia	2,845
Afghanistan	60
Bangladesh	175
China⁹⁰	105
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	1,195
Iran⁸⁸	15
Iraq	30
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	10
Nepal	0
Pakistan	100
Philippines	450
Saudi Arabia	10
Sri Lanka	475
Syria⁸⁹	100
Turkey	20
United Arab Emirates	30
Viet Nam	25
Other places of birth in Asia	25
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	101,485
First generation¹⁰⁰	56,715
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,755
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,010
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	42,500
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	17,700
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	7,660
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10,040
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	15,945
Refugees¹⁰⁸	8,165
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	690
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	42,500
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	5,230
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,975
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	550
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,540
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	255
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30,950
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	101,485
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	76,755
South Asian	35,950
Chinese	4,485
Black	15,190
Filipino	9,040
Arab	965
Latin American	1,430
Southeast Asian	1,100
West Asian	1,270
Korean	280
Japanese	210
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	3,495
Multiple visible minorities	3,350
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	24,730
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	101,485
Canadian	6,975
English	7,035
Irish	5,575
Scottish	5,350
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,820
German	2,110
Chinese	5,220
Italian	2,850
Indian (India)	12,155
Ukrainian	895
Dutch	860
Polish	1,285
Québécois	60
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,575
Filipino	8,660
French Canadian	325
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	630
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	320
Métis	200
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	610
Russian	340
Norwegian	85
Welsh	510
Portuguese	1,500
American	405
Spanish	1,320
Swedish	90
Hungarian	410
Acadian	70
Pakistani	2,335
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,625
Jewish	275
Punjabi	635
Vietnamese	645
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	485
Greek	1,200
Jamaican	4,830
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,475
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15
Korean	300
Romanian	320
Lebanese	300
Iranian	255
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	585
Danish	145
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	105
Sikh	340
Austrian	195
Belgian	115
Haitian	225
Hindu	2,690
Mexican	195
Mennonite	15
Swiss	100
Finnish	235
Sri Lankan	8,610
Croatian	105
Japanese	325
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,480
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	45
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	80
Muslim	655
Egyptian	220
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	350
Tamil	7,520
Icelandic	50
Colombian	55
Moroccan	100
Czech	195
Syrian	235
Guyanese	3,355
Afghan	1,080
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,650
Serbian	145
Ojibway	60
Newfoundlander	140
Hong Konger	280
Ontarian	185
Persian	170
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,500
Turkish	130
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	2,010
Algerian	50
Brazilian	50
Nigerian	480
Armenian	170
Slovak	75
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	115
Somali	350
Taiwanese	50
Iraqi	130
Salvadorean	90
African Caribbean	1,555
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	525
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	145
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,075
Algonquin	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,420
Lithuanian	60
South African	75
Australian	25
Palestinian	75
Chilean	50
Congolese	265
Nova Scotian	30
Ethiopian	560
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	180
Peruvian	110
Yoruba	325
Cambodian (Khmer)	20
Berber	0
Albanian	80
Maltese	80
Macedonian	735
Slovenian	175
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35
New Brunswicker	30
Gujarati	310
Eritrean	170
African Canadian	420
Israeli	85
Mohawk	70
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	105
Bulgarian	30
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	245
Barbadian	570
African American	220
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	75
Tunisian	20
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85
Cuban	180
Bosnian	20
Venezuelan	90
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	90
Bengali	585
Cameroonian	10
Guatemalan	45
Indonesian	100
Laotian	20
Ilocano	250
Northern Irish	115
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	115
Franco Ontarian	10
Argentinian	85
Estonian	115
Kurdish	60
Fijian	0
Jatt	40
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30
Coptic	20
Thai	0
Dominican	70
Nepali	100
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	20
Igbo	135
Byelorussian	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	45
Sudanese	15
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45
Malaysian	150
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	10
Buddhist	50
Gaspesian	0
Norman	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	95
Ivorian	30
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10
Burundian	15
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	55
Mauritian	50
Kenyan	50
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	205
Jordanian	10
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	30
Rwandan	20
Grenadian	305
Malayali	190
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	310
Mayan	0
Honduran	20
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	470
Flemish	25
United Empire Loyalist	15
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	45
Pashtun	55
Malay	115
Goan	215
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	20
Burmese	30
Mongolian	0
Azorean	55
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	445
Ugandan	100
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	85
Yemeni	25
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	25
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	55
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	85
Igorot	40
Fulani	20
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	90
Prince Edward Islander	10
Maliseet	0
Beninese	25
Telugu	25
Roma	35
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	80
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	45
Tajik	120
Amhara	90
Paraguayan	20
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	101,485
Buddhist	1,140
Christian	48,575
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,495
Anabaptist	0
Anglican	2,800
Baptist	1,200
Catholic	23,255
Christian Orthodox	2,525
Jehovah's Witness	385
Latter Day Saints	95
Lutheran	425
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	325
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,580
Presbyterian	1,140
Reformed	10
United Church	1,350
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,985
Hindu	20,275
Jewish	130
Muslim	12,130
Sikh	1,425
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	580
No religion and secular perspectives	17,230
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	100,740
Non-movers	93,500
Movers	7,240
Non-migrants	5,385
Migrants	1,850
Internal migrants	1,115
Intraprovincial migrants	1,020
Interprovincial migrants	90
External migrants	740
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	97,120
Non-movers	73,210
Movers	23,910
Non-migrants	14,380
Migrants	9,525
Internal migrants	4,020
Intraprovincial migrants	3,440
Interprovincial migrants	575
External migrants	5,510
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,450
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,960
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	72,490
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,435
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,560
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,880
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,445
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,820
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,065
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,560
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,295
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,640
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,020
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,620
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,660
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,995
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,270
Bachelor's degree	17,815
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,735
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	440
Master's degree	4,810
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	470
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,440
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,960
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,165
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,315
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,970
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,040
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,110
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	935
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,005
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,925
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,345
Bachelor's degree	13,305
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,285
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	365
Master's degree	4,030
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	360
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	86,450
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,890
Education	2,345
13. Education	2,345
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,325
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175
50. Visual and performing arts	1,145
Humanities	2,385
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	230
23. English language and literature/letters	555
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	995
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105
39. Theology and religious vocations	155
54. History	255
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	510
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,220
22. Legal professions and studies	890
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120
42. Psychology	840
45. Social sciences	2,520
Business, management and public administration	12,635
30.16 Accounting and computer science	50
44. Public administration and social service professions	810
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,780
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,805
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,140
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	755
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	130
40. Physical sciences	655
41. Science technologies/technicians	130
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,950
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,390
25. Library science	75
27. Mathematics and statistics	415
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,650
04. Architecture and related services	450
14. Engineering	3,415
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,875
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	990
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,340
48. Precision production	570
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	550
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	355
03. Natural resources and conservation	195
Health and related fields	6,645
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	385
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,150
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,075
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,105
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	650
49. Transportation and materials moving	310
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,435
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,120
Education	1,490
13. Education	1,490
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	985
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100
50. Visual and performing arts	885
Humanities	1,685
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	155
23. English language and literature/letters	390
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	760
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60
39. Theology and religious vocations	110
54. History	155
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,620
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	395
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	870
22. Legal professions and studies	715
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90
42. Psychology	650
45. Social sciences	1,850
Business, management and public administration	9,505
30.16 Accounting and computer science	35
44. Public administration and social service professions	670
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,795
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,925
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	830
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	510
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	90
40. Physical sciences	405
41. Science technologies/technicians	95
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,480
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,055
25. Library science	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	330
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,900
04. Architecture and related services	330
14. Engineering	2,580
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,255
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	595
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	820
48. Precision production	325
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	340
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	190
03. Natural resources and conservation	150
Health and related fields	4,905
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,540
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,480
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	750
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	495
49. Transportation and materials moving	235
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	53,435
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	35,315
Location of study inside Canada	23,665
Same as province or territory of residence	22,765
Different than province or territory of residence	900
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	11,650
Americas	1,500
United States of America	675
Mexico	40
Cuba	25
Haiti	25
Jamaica	290
Brazil	25
Colombia	15
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	395
Europe	1,000
Belgium	10
France	35
Germany	15
Netherlands	20
Switzerland	20
Hungary	15
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	60
Romania	100
Russian Federation	75
Ukraine	45
Ireland⁹⁶	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	450
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	20
Other locations of study in Europe	100
Africa	525
Nigeria	230
Algeria	20
Morocco	0
Tunisia	10
Egypt	50
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	205
Asia	8,500
Iran⁸⁸	45
Iraq	35
Israel	0
Lebanon	30
Syria⁸⁹	15
Turkey	35
China⁹⁰	410
Taiwan	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	40
Japan	10
Korea, South⁹²	30
Philippines	2,685
Viet Nam	35
Bangladesh	795
Sri Lanka	790
India	2,670
Pakistan	620
Other locations of study in Asia	235
Oceania	120
Australia	95
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	86,445
In the labour force	52,015
Employed	44,200
Unemployed	7,815
Not in the labour force	34,430
Participation rate	60.2
Employment rate	51.1
Unemployment rate	15.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	86,450
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,395
Worked	50,050
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,850
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,205
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	52,015
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,255
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	49,760
Employee	43,865
Permanent position	36,530
Temporary position	7,340
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,625
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,715
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,900
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	52,015
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,255
All occupations¹⁹¹	49,760
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	335
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,250
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,865
3 Health occupations	4,085
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,325
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,285
6 Sales and service occupations	12,955
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,275
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	295
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,085
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	52,015
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,255
All industries¹⁹¹	49,760
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	85
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30
22 Utilities	460
23 Construction	2,555
31-33 Manufacturing	4,315
41 Wholesale trade	1,420
44-45 Retail trade	5,250
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,115
51 Information and cultural industries	1,515
52 Finance and insurance	4,140
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,085
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,335
55 Management of companies and enterprises	310
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,330
61 Educational services	3,355
62 Health care and social assistance	6,505
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	890
72 Accommodation and food services	2,910
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,900
91 Public administration	2,255
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	54,785
English	51,245
French	100
Non-official language	420
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	420
English and French	645
English and non-official language(s)	2,325
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35
Multiple non-official languages	15
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	54,785
Single responses	54,175
Official languages	53,275
English	53,075
French	200
Non-official languages	895
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	895
Afro-Asiatic languages	10
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	10
Amharic	0
Arabic	10
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	40
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	355
Kannada	0
Malayalam	10
Tamil	345
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	205
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	15
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	15
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	120
Indo-Aryan languages	120
Bengali	25
Gujarati	15
Hindi	15
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	20
Romanian	0
Spanish	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	270
Chinese languages	270
Hakka	0
Mandarin	150
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	120
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	615
English and French	145
English and non-official language(s)	460
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	54,785
None	52,270
English	530
French	405
Non-official language	1,320
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,320
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	45
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	190
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	44,200
Worked at home	12,375
Worked outside Canada	125
No fixed workplace address	5,175
Usual place of work	26,525
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	26,530
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,740
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,725
Commute to a different province or territory	65
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	31,700
Car, truck or van	24,150
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,365
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,785
Public transit	6,150
Walked	485
Bicycle	65
Other method	850
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	31,700
Less than 15 minutes	4,800
15 to 29 minutes	9,000
30 to 44 minutes	8,430
45 to 59 minutes	3,960
60 minutes and over	5,510
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	31,700
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,325
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,220
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,890
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,005
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,720
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,545
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,020
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,575
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,450
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,285
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,270
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	900
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	375
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,015

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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